{"id":"22f252c1-ca2c-4333-ac45-70e94070df36","word":"Italy","definition":"A country in Southern Europe occupying the Italian Peninsula and adjacent islands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Italia","language_family":"latin","root":"Italia","root_meaning":"land of cattle, or land of the Vitelli tribe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Italy","meaning":"country in Southern Europe","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Italy","meaning":"the Italian peninsula","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Italia","meaning":"the Italian peninsula","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Italoi","meaning":"cattle, or tribal name","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Italian","Italic","Italics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Italian Republic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Apennine Peninsula","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"04d66743-f784-43d6-80eb-cc4df8599bc5","word":"aah","definition":"An exclamation expressing various emotions such as surprise, pleasure, or pain.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"ah","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aah","meaning":"exclamation","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ah","oh","ooh","ouch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ooh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ah","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"8eea3ef4-bd39-471a-bf9e-b86370aab736","word":"abandon","definition":"To give up completely or leave behind.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"abandonar","language_family":"french","root":"abandoner","root_meaning":"to surrender, relinquish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 AD","word":"bannum","meaning":"Proclamation, jurisdiction, control.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"abandoner","meaning":"To surrender, relinquish control.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"abandon","meaning":"To give up entirely.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"abandonar","meaning":"To abandon, forsake.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["abandonment","abandoned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forsake","formality":"formal"},{"word":"desert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ditch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"8a5fcda0-7a9e-4260-ac47-32dddca82767","word":"abbey","definition":"A monastery or convent, governed by an abbot or abbess.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abadía","language_family":"latin","root":"abbas","root_meaning":"father","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abbey","meaning":"monastery/convent","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"abbeie","meaning":"abbey","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abbatīa","meaning":"abbey, monastery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abbās","meaning":"father (head of monastery)","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"abbā","meaning":"father","children":[],"language":"Aramaic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abbot","abbess","abbatial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monastery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"priory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"38734ffb-7576-4b01-88d7-f7f428ec047c","word":"abdomen","definition":"The belly or lower trunk of the body, especially the part containing the digestive organs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abdomen","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin abdōmen","root_meaning":"belly; possibly 'that which is hidden'","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abdomen","meaning":"The belly or lower trunk of the body, especially the part containing the digestive organs.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"abdomen","meaning":"Abdomen; belly.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abdōmen","meaning":"Belly; abdomen.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abdō","meaning":"To conceal.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab","meaning":"Away; from.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abdominal","abdominals","abdominous","subabdominal","abdomenal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stomach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midriff","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"c5513820-c46e-4d0e-a7d6-eb0ace7fc5a7","word":"abdominal","definition":"Relating to the abdomen or belly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"abdomen","language_family":"latin","root":"abdomen","root_meaning":"belly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abdominal","meaning":"relating to the abdomen or belly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abdomen","meaning":"belly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abdomen","abdominals","abdominally","abdominous","subabdominal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ventral","formality":"formal"},{"word":"belly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"epigastric","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"4127f53d-a547-4eac-80e3-a73495f5014b","word":"abduct","definition":"To take someone away illegally by force or deception; kidnap.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"abducir","language_family":"latin","root":"abducere","root_meaning":"to lead away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abduct","meaning":"to kidnap","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abductus","meaning":"past participle of abducere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abducere","meaning":"to lead away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab-","meaning":"away from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dūcere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abduction","abductor","adduce","conduce","deduce","educe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kidnap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carry off","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"18554491-0a3f-4961-988f-0b820d86cdb2","word":"abduction","definition":"The action of forcibly taking someone away against their will.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abducción","language_family":"latin","root":"abductio","root_meaning":"a leading away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abduction","meaning":"taking away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abduction","meaning":"a leading away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abducere","meaning":"to lead away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab-","meaning":"away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abduct","deduce","conduct","introduce","produce","reduce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kidnapping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seizure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"snatching","formality":"informal"},{"word":"capture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"226db77c-70e4-4888-9e2e-3c05167bb296","word":"abide","definition":"To remain, endure, or stay faithful to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*abīdaną","root_meaning":"to wait; remain; endure","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abide","meaning":"to remain, endure, or obey","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"abīdan","meaning":"to wait, remain, or endure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*abīdaną","meaning":"to wait or remain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bide","abidance","abiding","abode","bequest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tolerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stay","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"5fb7918e-32e2-4cd2-9098-3df4a586d823","word":"ability","definition":"The power, skill, or capacity to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"habilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"habilis","root_meaning":"apt, skilled, or easily handled","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ability","meaning":"power or skill to perform","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ability","meaning":"capacity or skill","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"abilite","meaning":"capacity or skill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habilis","meaning":"apt, skilled, easily handled","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habere","meaning":"to have or hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["able","ability","disability","abilities"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capacity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"140577fb-f0d0-4088-954a-133eea90754f","word":"able","definition":"Having the power, skill, or means to do something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"hábil","language_family":"latin","root":"habilis","root_meaning":"easily handled, fit, apt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s","proto_root":"*ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ghabh-","meaning":"To give or receive.","children":[{"era":"100s","word":"habilis","meaning":"Easily handled, fit.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"able","meaning":"Having sufficient power.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"hábil","meaning":"Skilled, capable.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["ability","enable","unable","capable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skilled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"895ca634-87fd-4449-8d47-4963372f58dc","word":"abnormal","definition":"Departing from what is normal or expected.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"anormal","language_family":"latin","root":"abnormālis","root_meaning":"out of rule; irregular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abnormal","meaning":"departing from what is normal or expected","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abnormālis","meaning":"out of rule; irregular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab-","meaning":"away from; off; from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"norma","meaning":"carpenter's square; rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abnormality","abnormally","normal","abnormity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"atypical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irregular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"3f84a7f2-6a94-4e9c-8abf-7ba31032f787","word":"aboard","definition":"On or into a ship, aircraft, train, or other vehicle.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"Abordo","language_family":"french","root":"à bord","root_meaning":"to the side (of a ship), on board","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aboard","meaning":"on a vehicle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"abord","meaning":"on board","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"à bord","meaning":"to the side (of a ship)","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["board","border","onboard","broad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"onboard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"within","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"f99c3697-031b-412b-9b58-8a43b09b05ea","word":"abomination","definition":"Something intensely detested or regarded as morally repulsive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abominación","language_family":"latin","root":"abominari","root_meaning":"to shun as an ill omen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abomination","meaning":"something intensely hated or repulsive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abominatio","meaning":"detestation, aversion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abominari","meaning":"to shun as an ill omen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab-","meaning":"away from, off","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"omen","meaning":"an omen, foreboding, or augury","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abominate","abominable","abominably","abominating","abominative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monstrosity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atrocity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outrage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"7dd1cd73-eec1-4663-a93b-eea50c4cc80b","word":"aboriginal","definition":"Inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists; indigenous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aborigen","language_family":"latin","root":"ab origine","root_meaning":"from the beginning","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ew- + *h₁reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aboriginal","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab origine","meaning":"from the beginning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab","meaning":"from, away from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"origine","meaning":"origin, source","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aborigine","origin","original","indigenous","primordial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indigenous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"native","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primal","formality":"literary"},{"word":"primeval","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"28031999-fa37-4ab7-a34e-c75dc606603d","word":"abort","definition":"To prematurely terminate an action or process.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"abortar","language_family":"latin","root":"aboriri","root_meaning":"to perish, miscarry, disappear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ebʰ- + *h₁er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abort","meaning":"to terminate prematurely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abōriri","meaning":"to perish, miscarry, disappear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab-","meaning":"away","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix"},{"era":"classical","word":"oriri","meaning":"to rise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abortion","originate","orientation","disorient","orient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terminate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cancel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discontinue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"9b81a1d6-53ab-4517-b2b9-1b629f045aab","word":"abortion","definition":"The termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or followed by the death of the embryo or fetus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aborto","language_family":"latin","root":"abortus","root_meaning":"to miscarry, pass away, disappear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂rebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abortion","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abortiōn-","meaning":"stem of abortio 'miscarriage'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aboriri","meaning":"to miscarry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab-","meaning":"away from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"oriri","meaning":"to arise, be born","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h₂er-","meaning":"to rise, stir","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abort","abortive","aborigen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miscarriage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"termination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"84395e31-3299-4729-9a9c-fd3488b91ba1","word":"about","definition":"Preposition or adverb indicating approximation, concern, or a topic of discussion.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"abutan","root_meaning":"about, around","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"about","meaning":"preposition of approximation or concern","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"aboute, about","meaning":"around, concerning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"abutan","meaning":"about, around","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["about-face","about-turn","bout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approximately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"roughly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"1528397e-9444-405d-bacd-51017ec90878","word":"above","definition":"At or to a higher level or position than something else.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"a-","root_meaning":"on, at","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*af-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"above","meaning":"at a higher position than","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"above","meaning":"on, over, above","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"abufan","meaning":"over, above, upward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["above","over","up","higher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"over","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"higher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overhead","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"67c9c8e0-43f0-45b6-9bfd-058437e3e2e3","word":"abroad","definition":"In or to a foreign country.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on brad","root_meaning":"on wide, at large","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abroad","meaning":"In or to a foreign country.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"abrood","meaning":"at large, widely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on bræde","meaning":"on wide, at large","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["broad","broaden","broadly","widespread"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overseas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"internationally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elsewhere","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"c455ab55-746f-4b1b-9bf7-8bc29173c036","word":"absence","definition":"The state of being away from a place or person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ausencia","language_family":"latin","root":"absentia","root_meaning":"presence elsewhere","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"absence","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"absence","meaning":"absence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absentia","meaning":"a being absent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["absent","present","essence","entity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonattendance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"truancy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"7bf23f93-308d-4069-87a0-c898230f4a52","word":"absolute","definition":"Not qualified or diminished in any way; total.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"absoluto","language_family":"latin","root":"absolutus","root_meaning":"unrestricted, complete, detached","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"absolute","meaning":"total","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absolutus","meaning":"unrestricted, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absolvere","meaning":"to free from, to complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solve","dissolve","resolute","absolution","resolution","insoluble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"total","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unconditional","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"17523b66-d5e6-4b94-9728-bf7ec9a9e0d7","word":"absolutely","definition":"With no qualification, restriction, or limitation; totally.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"absolutamente","language_family":"latin","root":"absolutus","root_meaning":"set free, complete","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"absolutely","meaning":"totally, without restriction","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"absolute","meaning":"unrestricted, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absolutus","meaning":"set free, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ab-","meaning":"from, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"solvere","meaning":"to loosen, release","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["absolute","absolution","resolve","dissolve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"definitely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positively","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"55e4f7b3-e769-40b2-82d4-5705b8640bb1","word":"absorb","definition":"To take in, soak up, or assimilate something so it is no longer separate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"absorber","language_family":"latin","root":"sorbeō","root_meaning":"to suck in, swallow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*srebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"absorb","meaning":"to take in or assimilate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"absorber","meaning":"to swallow up; to take in","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assorbir","meaning":"to swallow up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absorbeō","meaning":"I swallow up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sorbeō","meaning":"I suck in, swallow","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*srebʰ-","meaning":"to sip, suck, swallow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["absorption","absorbed","absorbing","absorbent","absorptive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soak up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"take in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assimilate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"3d84a76e-2f2d-4ea4-80a6-6e8c72fc2f49","word":"absorption","definition":"The process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"absorción","language_family":"latin","root":"absorbere","root_meaning":"to swallow up, drink in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"absorption","meaning":"the process of absorbing","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"absorpcion","meaning":"absorption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absorptio","meaning":"a swallowing up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absorbere","meaning":"to swallow up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["absorb","absorbent","absorbing","reabsorption"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assimilation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uptake","formality":"technical"},{"word":"engrossment","formality":"literary"},{"word":"immersion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"45d52b73-0683-4fd8-bb57-7e2a4d478fd0","word":"abstract","definition":"Existing in thought or theory but not concrete in physical form.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"abstracto","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin abstractus","root_meaning":"drawn away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abstract","meaning":"theoretical, not concrete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abstractus","meaning":"drawn away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abstrahere","meaning":"to draw away","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*tragh-","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abstraction","abstractly","abstractness","abstractor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"theoretical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conceptual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intangible","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"26bcfca2-e6bb-4205-b3f4-e3e5a76672d2","word":"absurd","definition":"Wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"absurdo","language_family":"latin","root":"absurdus","root_meaning":"out of tune, incongruous, foolish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"absurd","meaning":"wildly unreasonable","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"absurde","meaning":"absurd","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"absurdus","meaning":"out of tune, incongruous, foolish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"surdus","meaning":"deaf, dull, silent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["absurdity","absurdly","surd","deafness","resounding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ridiculous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ludicrous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preposterous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"senseless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"c49d7ae2-e9de-4690-b43f-51dd1a75b1e8","word":"abundance","definition":"A large or plentiful quantity of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abundancia","language_family":"latin","root":"abundare","root_meaning":"to overflow; to be abundant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abundance","meaning":"copious quantity or supply","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French abondance","meaning":"abundance, plenty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin abundantia","meaning":"fullness, plenty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin abundare","meaning":"to overflow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin unda","meaning":"a wave","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"PIE *wed-","meaning":"water; wet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abound","abundant","abundantly","abundantness","abundance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plenty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profusion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plenitude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"9d3b5ad6-22ef-4726-8376-1de807d155b5","word":"abuse","definition":"To treat with cruelty or violence; or misuse of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"abuso","language_family":"latin","root":"abusus","root_meaning":"misused","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abuse","meaning":"treat cruelly or misuse","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"abuser","meaning":"to misuse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abusus","meaning":"misused","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abuser","abusive","abused","abuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mistreat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maltreat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"misuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exploit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"2e54701a-edef-4e14-9018-01ef35807d46","word":"abyss","definition":"A bottomless or seemingly immeasurable depth, literal or figurative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abismo","language_family":"greek","root":"abyssos","root_meaning":"bottomless","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"abyss","meaning":"A bottomless or seemingly immeasurable depth, literal or figurative.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abyssus","meaning":"A deep gulf or bottomless place, borrowed from Greek.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abyssos","meaning":"Bottomless; a bottomless depth or gulf.","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abysm","abysmal","abyssal","abyssopelagic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chasm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gulf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"void","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"d066558b-159b-441c-9aca-0af9a4d6f907","word":"academic","definition":"Relating to education or the study of a subject in a school or college.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"académico","language_family":"greek","root":"akademeia","root_meaning":"the Academy, a garden in Athens","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"academic","meaning":"relating to schooling or learning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"academic","meaning":"of a school or learning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"akademeia","meaning":"the Academy (Plato's school)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["academy","academician","academics","academically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scholarly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"educational","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intellectual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"81a181ea-a4f9-4a76-bd19-6c0a4667e050","word":"academy","definition":"An institution for higher learning or a society of scholars.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"academia","language_family":"greek","root":"Akadēmeia","root_meaning":"the school of Plato","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~380 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~380 BC","word":"Akadēmeía (Ἀκαδημεία)","meaning":"The grove near Athens where Plato taught. Named after the hero Akademos.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"academy","meaning":"A place of study or learned society.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"academia","meaning":"Academy, institution of learning.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["academic","academician","academia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"school","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"institution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"institute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0dfcf773-ab4c-40b1-946e-fc8a547e59fa","word":"acc","definition":"An abbreviation for accelerator or account, commonly used in technical or financial contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"accelerare","root_meaning":"to hasten, quicken","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"acc","meaning":"abbreviation for accelerator or account","children":[{"era":"1700s-1900s","word":"accelerator or account","meaning":"device that increases speed or financial record","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accelerate","acceleration","accelerometer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accelerator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"7e882ce4-7570-45fe-bd8f-7fedd0518a0e","word":"accelerate","definition":"To make something move or happen faster.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"acelerar","language_family":"latin","root":"celer","root_meaning":"swift; quick","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accelerate","meaning":"to make faster","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accelerare","meaning":"to hasten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + celer","meaning":"toward + swift","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celer","meaning":"swift; quick","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acceleration","accelerator","accelerative","celerity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speed up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hasten","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quicken","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"6d931f5e-c975-4ba0-b593-b4c1a734811b","word":"accelerator","definition":"A device or substance that increases speed or makes a process happen faster.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acelerador","language_family":"latin","root":"accelerare","root_meaning":"to hasten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accelerator","meaning":"something that increases speed or rate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accelerare","meaning":"to hasten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + celer","meaning":"to + swift","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accelerate","acceleration","accelerated","accelerating","accelerative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"booster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speed-up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hastener","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"f117c686-b6c5-44db-9ca6-5985fbbd9637","word":"accent","definition":"A distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, especially one associated with a particular nation, locality, or social class.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acento","language_family":"latin","root":"accentus","root_meaning":"song added to speech, tone","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accent","meaning":"pronunciation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accentus","meaning":"song added to speech, tone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cantus","meaning":"song","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chant","incantation","cantor","accentuate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intonation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pronunciation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"3692c43a-1484-44eb-943b-95387724797f","word":"accept","definition":"To receive willingly or agree to something offered.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aceptar","language_family":"latin","root":"accipere","root_meaning":"to receive, take to oneself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accept","meaning":"to receive willingly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accept","meaning":"to receive, take","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accipere","meaning":"to take to, receive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acceptable","acceptance","accept","accepance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"receive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"f10e7b00-a816-490d-a1f5-5b57c8a80daa","word":"acceptable","definition":"Capable or worthy of being accepted.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aceptable","language_family":"latin","root":"acceptare","root_meaning":"to take, receive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acceptable","meaning":"Capable or worthy of being accepted","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"acceptable","meaning":"acceptable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acceptabilis","meaning":"worthy of being accepted","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accept","acceptance","accepting","accepted","reception","capacity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"satisfactory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleasing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tolerable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"e3d19650-a352-4f78-a67a-b3113fbeb772","word":"acceptance","definition":"The action or process of accepting something offered or the willingness to endure something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aceptación","language_family":"latin","root":"acceptare","root_meaning":"to take to oneself, receive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acceptance","meaning":"the act of accepting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accept","meaning":"to receive willingly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acceptare","meaning":"to take to oneself","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accept","acceptable","acceptor","unacceptable","acceptance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approval","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"b40d536b-d1da-4704-9153-1d9981ed6e7e","word":"accepted","definition":"Past tense of accept; regarded as satisfactory or suitable, or willingly received or agreed to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aceptado","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin accipere","root_meaning":"to take to oneself, to receive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad + capere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accepted","meaning":"past tense of accept","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accept","meaning":"to receive willingly","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"accepter","meaning":"to receive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accipere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accept","acceptable","acceptance","acceptor","unaccepted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"received","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admitted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"welcomed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"a221e5a7-97ea-4144-9c23-ac5d779fbb02","word":"access","definition":"The means or right to approach, enter, or use something; to open or reach a file or resource.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acceso","language_family":"latin","root":"accessus","root_meaning":"approach, entrance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- + *cedere (toward + to go)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"access","meaning":"right or means to approach or use","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"access","meaning":"approach, means of access","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accessus","meaning":"approached, entrance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accessible","accessibility","accession","accident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entry","formality":"formal"},{"word":"admission","formality":"formal"},{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"a0b9188d-9e65-4b80-be27-afe161a223f1","word":"accessibility","definition":"The quality of being able to be reached or entered, or the quality of being easy to obtain or use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"accesibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"accessus","root_meaning":"a coming to, an approach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accessibility","meaning":"The quality of being able to be reached or entered, or the quality of being easy to obtain or use.","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"accessible","meaning":"that may be approached","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"accessibilis","meaning":"easy of access","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accessus","meaning":"a coming to, an approach (past participle of accedere)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["access","accessible","proceed","recede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"availability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"usability","formality":"technical"},{"word":"readiness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"85300c43-b775-4494-90c9-353a5c7b1fb0","word":"accessible","definition":"Able to be reached or entered.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"accesible","language_family":"latin","root":"accessus","root_meaning":"a coming to, approach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accessible","meaning":"Able to be reached or entered","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accessible","meaning":"accessible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accessibilis","meaning":"approachable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accessus","meaning":"a coming to, approach","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["access","inaccessible","accessibility","accession"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reachable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"available","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obtainable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"1dc334fd-a193-4bf1-a44c-167640986d37","word":"accessories","definition":"Extra or supplementary items, especially worn with clothing for decoration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"accesorios","language_family":"latin","root":"accessorius","root_meaning":"additional, supplementary","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accessories","meaning":"supplementary items","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"accessory","meaning":"additional","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accessorius","meaning":"supplementary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accedere","meaning":"to approach, access","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accessory","access","accede","accessible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extras","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"add-ons","formality":"informal"},{"word":"attachments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trappings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"2e4ca22e-eb78-4a8e-82a1-0c6008517515","word":"accessory","definition":"A thing that can be added to something else in order to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"accesorio","language_family":"latin","root":"accessorius","root_meaning":"accompanying, additional","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accessory","meaning":"an additional item","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accessoire","meaning":"additional","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accessorius","meaning":"accompanying, additional","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accessus","meaning":"an approach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accedere","meaning":"to approach","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*ked-","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["access","accede","accretion","successor","cessation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attachment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"component","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appurtenance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"58e3ba62-47fa-460a-bc2f-cac3f9acd97a","word":"accident","definition":"An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"accidente","language_family":"latin","root":"accidere","root_meaning":"to happen, fall upon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accident","meaning":"An unfortunate incident","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"accident","meaning":"chance, happening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accidentem","meaning":"a happening, chance, misfortune","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accidere","meaning":"to happen, fall upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accidental","incident","coincidence","accidentally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mishap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"casualty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calamity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"49b4b94d-f9d8-41dc-9d93-196cdec73bf4","word":"accidental","definition":"Happening by chance rather than by intention; incidental.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"accidental","language_family":"latin","root":"cadere","root_meaning":"to fall","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accidental","meaning":"happening by chance rather than by intention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accidentalis","meaning":"accidental, incidental","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accidens","meaning":"occurrence; chance event","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accidere","meaning":"to happen, fall upon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + cadere","meaning":"to + fall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*kad-","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accident","accidentally","accidence","accident-prone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incidental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unintentional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unplanned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"9cd8cf42-4317-4bf4-804a-234d0a3c09f0","word":"accommodate","definition":"To provide lodging or sufficient space for; to fit in with the wishes or needs of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"acomodar","language_family":"latin","root":"accommodare","root_meaning":"to make fit, make suitable, adjust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-, *mod-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accommodate","meaning":"To provide lodging or space for.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"accommodate","meaning":"to make fit, to adjust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accommodare","meaning":"to make fit, suitable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"commodus","meaning":"suitable, convenient","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"measure, manner","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commodity","commode","modality","mode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lodge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"house","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oblige","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"18802a19-5c81-4e6f-85d6-8aa8b8497a01","word":"accommodation","definition":"A place where someone can live or stay temporarily; an adaptation or adjustment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acomodación","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin accommodare","root_meaning":"to fit, to adapt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- and *modus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accommodation","meaning":"lodging or adjustment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accommodation","meaning":"agreement, settlement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accommodare","meaning":"to fit, adapt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + modus","meaning":"to + measure, mode","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accommodate","accommodating","accommodation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lodging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"housing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adaptation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"9345c21e-2bb6-4352-ada3-750e5db237e7","word":"accomplice","definition":"A person who helps another commit a crime or do something wrong.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cómplice","language_family":"french","root":"complice","root_meaning":"confederate, partner","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accomplice","meaning":"helper in crime","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"acomplice","meaning":"companion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"complice","meaning":"confederate, partner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complicem","meaning":"one who folds together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complicity","complicate","complex","imply"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confederate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accessory","formality":"technical"},{"word":"associate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"8ebe328f-e250-4d4f-af6d-e67df5196e17","word":"accomplish","definition":"To achieve or complete successfully.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cumplir","language_family":"french","root":"acomplir","root_meaning":"to complete, to fill up","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accomplish","meaning":"achieve successfully","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"acomplir","meaning":"to complete, to fulfill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accomplishment","complete","comply","replete","supplement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"achieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fulfill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"execute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"b531e2e9-8e1c-4c3b-a36d-b105aa9d0223","word":"accomplishment","definition":"The successful completion of something or the possession of notable skill.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cumplimiento","language_family":"french","root":"complēre","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh1-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accomplishment","meaning":"the successful completion of something or a notable skill","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accomplish","meaning":"to bring to completion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French acomplir","meaning":"to complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin complēre","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accomplish","accomplished","accomplishing","accomplishable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"achievement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"completion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"ff53e607-2c3c-456b-a0f2-e145e88abab4","word":"accord","definition":"An official agreement or harmony between parties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acuerdo","language_family":"french","root":"acorder","root_meaning":"to reconcile, agree","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*kerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accord","meaning":"agreement, harmony","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"acorden","meaning":"to agree","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"acorder","meaning":"to reconcile","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"accordare","meaning":"to bring heart to heart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cor (cordis)","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accordance","accordant","discord","concord","accordingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treaty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pact","formality":"formal"},{"word":"harmony","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"5eb8d663-fbcd-41a5-9c0e-be0101ed798c","word":"accordance","definition":"Agreement or harmony with something, or the action of granting or providing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acuerdo","language_family":"latin","root":"accordare","root_meaning":"to bring into agreement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accordance","meaning":"agreement or harmony","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"accord","meaning":"agreement, harmony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accordare","meaning":"to bring into agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + cor","meaning":"to + heart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accord","according","accordion","accords"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"harmony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conformity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"3127ee0c-4490-475d-b9d2-b6e9aeb28f66","word":"according","definition":"In agreement or conformity with something stated or established.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"acordando","language_family":"latin","root":"accordare","root_meaning":"to agree, harmonize","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"according","meaning":"in agreement with","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"accord","meaning":"agreement, harmony","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"accordare","meaning":"to agree, harmonize","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accord","accordance","accorded","accordion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consistent with","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in line with","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"per","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"00f09136-0507-4edd-a090-2cfa0bb92f88","word":"accordion","definition":"A portable reed instrument with a bellows, keys, and buttons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acordar","language_family":"latin","root":"accordare","root_meaning":"to tune; make agree","root_language":"Italian / Late Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accordion","meaning":"a portable reed instrument with a bellows, keys, and buttons","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Akkordeon","meaning":"accordion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"accord","meaning":"harmony; agreement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"accordare","meaning":"to tune; make agree","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"acorder","meaning":"to agree; tune","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Italian / Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accord","accordance","accordant","accordionist","accorded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concertina","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squeezebox","formality":"informal"},{"word":"melodeon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"df092258-1644-4313-af0c-34c6b0b0944f","word":"account","definition":"A record of financial transactions or a personal narrative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuenta","language_family":"latin","root":"computare","root_meaning":"to count, reckon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"account","meaning":"financial record or narrative","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"account","meaning":"a reckoning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"acounter","meaning":"to reckon up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to count, reckon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["account","accounting","accountant","accounts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"narrative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.420Z"}
{"id":"aa0f9d50-9b21-4bb2-996d-f15783ff8a5a","word":"accountability","definition":"The fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility to explain or justify one's actions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"aconter","root_meaning":"to count, render an account","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accountability","meaning":"the state of being accountable","children":[{"era":"current","word":"accountable","meaning":"required to explain actions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aconter","meaning":"to count, render an account","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*accomptare","meaning":"to count up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to reckon, compute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["account","count","accountable","calculate","compute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"responsibility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"answerability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liability","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obligation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"a5a8d021-bffe-4049-b184-b9631c3929b3","word":"accountable","definition":"Accountable means required to explain and take responsibility for one's actions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"computare","root_meaning":"to count, calculate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accountable","meaning":"responsible; answerable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"account + -able","meaning":"fit to be counted or reckoned with","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"acont(er)","meaning":"to count, reckon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to count up, calculate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English / French-derived English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["account","accountability","accountant","recount","discount"],"synonyms":[{"word":"responsible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"answerable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"liable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"6aa494ca-21e8-44f6-be7f-1b71b3c79bb0","word":"accountant","definition":"A person whose job is to keep or inspect financial accounts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contable","language_family":"french","root":"compter","root_meaning":"to count","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accountant","meaning":"person who keeps accounts","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"account","meaning":"sum, reckoning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"acompt","meaning":"reckoning, sum","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"acomptare","meaning":"to count up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to count, sum up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["account","count","computation","discount"],"synonyms":[{"word":"auditor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bookkeeper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comptroller","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"a11f39f6-f7f5-478f-9bc0-c03d4a0c738e","word":"accounting","definition":"The practice or profession of recording and managing financial transactions and accounts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contabilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin accomptare","root_meaning":"to reckon, count","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accounting","meaning":"recording and managing finances","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"account","meaning":"reckoning, calculation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"accompter","meaning":"to reckon, count","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"accomptare","meaning":"to calculate, count up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + computare","meaning":"to + count, calculate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["account","accountant","accounting","accountability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bookkeeping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accountancy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"financial record-keeping","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ledger management","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"05a08420-4414-45e5-a31e-3e0c7caadd30","word":"accounts","definition":"Plural of account; financial records, reports, or explanations of events or transactions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuentas","language_family":"french","root":"computare","root_meaning":"to count, compute, reckon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accounts","meaning":"financial records or explanations","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"account","meaning":"reckoning, calculation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to count, compute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["account","accounting","count","compute","accountant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"explanations","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"d8bd205f-917c-4875-a976-76ec0c30cd9f","word":"accredit","definition":"To give credit to; to authorize or certify someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"acreditar","language_family":"latin","root":"credere","root_meaning":"to believe, to entrust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kred-dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accredit","meaning":"To give credit to","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"acrediter","meaning":"to put faith in, to trust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + credere","meaning":"to + to believe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credit","credible","creed","credence","credentials"],"synonyms":[{"word":"certify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authorize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"e2d93601-d357-4b0f-924e-7805ace70742","word":"accreditation","definition":"The act of granting credit or recognition, especially to an educational institution or program.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acreditación","language_family":"latin","root":"credere","root_meaning":"to believe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accreditation","meaning":"granting of recognition","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"accréditation","meaning":"accreditation","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"accréditer","meaning":"to accredit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"credere","meaning":"to believe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credit","credible","credo","credential","discredit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"certification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approval","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorsement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"72a5d9a5-484b-4caa-ae63-d64f95596f3b","word":"accuracy","definition":"The quality of being correct, precise, and free from errors.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exactitud","language_family":"latin","root":"accuratus","root_meaning":"done with care","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"accuracy","meaning":"precision or correctness","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"accuracy","meaning":"state of being accurate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accurate","meaning":"done with care, exact","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accuratus","meaning":"done with care","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + curare","meaning":"to + care for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accurate","accurately","inaccuracy","inaccurate","accurateness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exactness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"correctness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fidelity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"40ac3d85-7d1a-43cd-ad47-eb147b2bf83f","word":"accurate","definition":"Free from error or defect; precise and correct in detail.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"acurado","language_family":"latin","root":"accuratus","root_meaning":"carefully done, prepared with care","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accurate","meaning":"free from error, precise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accuratus","meaning":"carefully done, prepared with care","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accurare","meaning":"to take care of, attend to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + cura","meaning":"to, toward + care, attention","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accuracy","accurately","inaccurate","accurateness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meticulous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"e79e7f69-53a3-4c83-a86a-63a77bcccbf3","word":"accusation","definition":"A charge or claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acusación","language_family":"latin","root":"accusatio","root_meaning":"an accusing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accusation","meaning":"a charge or claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"accusacion","meaning":"accusation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accusatio","meaning":"an accusing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accusare","meaning":"to call to account, blame","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"causa","meaning":"cause, reason","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["accuse","accused","accuser","excusation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allegation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indictment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"161514a6-8623-40b7-a453-634ac7852de1","word":"accuse","definition":"To charge (someone) with an offense or crime.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"acusar","language_family":"latin","root":"accūsāre","root_meaning":"to call to account, to blame","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷeh₁s-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"accuse","meaning":"To charge (someone) with an offense or crime.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"accuser","meaning":"to accuse, impeach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accūsāre","meaning":"to call to account, to blame","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accusation","excuse","causal","recuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indict","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impeach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arraign","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"a3a1094a-4556-493a-82ee-4c755ff6cb55","word":"ace","definition":"A playing card with a single spot, typically the highest in its suit; a person who excels at a particular activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"as","language_family":"latin","root":"Old French `as`","root_meaning":"a unit, a single thing (from Latin `as`)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ace","meaning":"single playing card, expert","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"as","meaning":"a unit, single","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"as","meaning":"unit, penny","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["unit","assay","assimilate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"champion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"5b79d260-0afe-4803-b2be-8962dd7e29c6","word":"ache","definition":"To suffer a continuous, dull pain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"acan","root_meaning":"to ache","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ache","meaning":"to suffer a continuous, dull pain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"acan","meaning":"to ache","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aching","achy","backache","headache"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hurt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"f4761282-82f9-418f-a6eb-354fdc21604f","word":"achieve","definition":"To successfully reach a goal through effort.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"lograr","language_family":"french","root":"achever","root_meaning":"to finish, come to a head","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"caput","meaning":"Head, end, completion.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"achever","meaning":"To finish, bring to a head.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"achieve","meaning":"To accomplish, attain.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"lograr","meaning":"To achieve, attain.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["achievement","achiever","achievable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accomplish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"b2d1c712-69f8-4d32-aa61-017839c7cfce","word":"acid","definition":"A chemical compound that is sour and can react with bases to form salts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ácido","language_family":"latin","root":"acidus","root_meaning":"sour","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acid","meaning":"sour chemical substance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acidus","meaning":"sour, sharp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acere","meaning":"to be sour","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acidic","acidity","acidify","acetate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sour","formality":"informal"},{"word":"corrosive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"acerbic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"4ebb5fcb-c36e-42ef-917e-edd46cc0fac7","word":"acknowledge","definition":"To accept or admit the existence or truth of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reconocer","language_family":"germanic","root":"cnāwan","root_meaning":"to know","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acknowledge","meaning":"To accept or admit the truth of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aknowlechen","meaning":"to admit to knowledge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnāwan","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["know","knowledge","cognize","ignore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"admit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concede","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recognize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"cf6118ec-4812-403e-bfb0-bc79e88fdc34","word":"acne","definition":"A common inflammatory skin disease characterized by pimples, especially on the face, back, and chest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"ἀκμή (akmē)","root_meaning":"point, prime, peak","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acne","meaning":"skin disease","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"acne","meaning":"skin eruption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀκμή (akmē)","meaning":"point, prime, peak","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acme","acuminous","acanth","acrid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pimple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blemish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"c2b1eef6-8a70-44b3-878d-25c55f7764a9","word":"acoustic","definition":"Relating to sound or the sense of hearing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"acústico","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀκουστικός","root_meaning":"of or for hearing","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acoustic","meaning":"relating to sound","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"acoustics","meaning":"science of sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀκουστικός (akoustikos)","meaning":"of or for hearing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀκούειν (akouein)","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acoustics","acoumeter","anacrusis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"auditory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aural","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sonic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"91b34608-b7e7-434d-a93a-a53b4697e1e1","word":"acquaint","definition":"To make someone aware of or familiar with.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"conocido","language_family":"latin","root":"adcognitare","root_meaning":"to know well, to acknowledge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gneh₃- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acquaint","meaning":"to make aware","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"acointier","meaning":"to make known","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"adcognitare","meaning":"to know well","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cognoscere","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*gneh₃-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cognition","recognize","incognito","knowledge","quaint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"familiarize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"51061165-2de1-45e1-b7e6-b01d544ca5c4","word":"acquaintance","definition":"A person one knows slightly but is not a close friend.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"acointance","root_meaning":"knowledge, intimacy","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acquaintance","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"acquaintance","meaning":"acquaintance","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"acointance","meaning":"knowledge, intimacy","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"acointer","meaning":"to make known, to know","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"accognoscere","meaning":"to know well","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + cognoscere","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quaint","cognizant","recognize","unknown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"colleague","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"associate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"e655522f-11da-4839-b75f-fac6114acc2c","word":"acquire","definition":"To come into possession of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"adquirir","language_family":"french","root":"aquerre","root_meaning":"to obtain, gain","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"acquīrere","meaning":"To get in addition, accumulate.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aquerre","meaning":"To obtain, gain.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"acquire","meaning":"To come into possession of.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"adquirir","meaning":"To acquire.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["acquisition","acquired","acquirer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"get","formality":"informal"},{"word":"procure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"979034ae-b424-4675-b32b-f934d5d5297b","word":"acquisition","definition":"The act of gaining or acquiring something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adquisición","language_family":"latin","root":"acquirere","root_meaning":"to acquire, get in addition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acquisition","meaning":"act of gaining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acquisitio","meaning":"act of acquiring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acquirere","meaning":"to acquire, get in addition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek, gain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*kʷeh₁-","meaning":"to acquire","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acquire","acquisitive","inquiry","query","quest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purchase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procurement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"b27da612-cb66-4bf6-8adb-1c1b0b9c6525","word":"acre","definition":"A unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (0.405 hectare).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æcer","root_meaning":"field, cultivated land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*agros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acre","meaning":"A unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æcer","meaning":"field, cultivated land","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*akraz","meaning":"field","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*agros","meaning":"field","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agriculture","agrarian","agoraphobia","peregrination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"land","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"12ed1887-0a6c-4ba7-b69b-408f15079d61","word":"acrobat","definition":"An entertainer who performs spectacular gymnastic feats.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acróbata","language_family":"greek","root":"akrobates","root_meaning":"walking on tiptoe, climbing high","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acrobat","meaning":"An entertainer who performs spectacular gymnastic feats","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"acrobate","meaning":"acrobat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"akrobates","meaning":"walking on tiptoe, climbing high","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"akros","meaning":"highest, topmost","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"bainein","meaning":"to walk","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acrophobia","acropolis","basal","diabetes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gymnast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tumbler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aerialist","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"3d219432-2acc-4d38-a035-a3a74b1fa70d","word":"across","definition":"On or to the other side of something; from one side to another.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English on cræfte","root_meaning":"on the craft or strength","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"across","meaning":"from one side to another","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"a-cross","meaning":"on the cross, crosswise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on cræfte","meaning":"in strength or manner","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cross","crossing","crossways"],"synonyms":[{"word":"over","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"through","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"from side to side","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"cf594032-7426-4e7c-a348-1bfdbe9d6f32","word":"acrylic","definition":"A synthetic plastic material or fabric.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"acrílico","language_family":"greek","root":"acrolein","root_meaning":"sharp, pungent odor","root_language":"English (modern chemical term)","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*akros (highest, end), *olere (to smell)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acrylic","meaning":"synthetic material","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"acrolein","meaning":"pungent liquid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acer","meaning":"sharp","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"olere","meaning":"to smell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English (chemical term)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acrid","acrimony","acme","oleaginous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"synthetic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"plastic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"resinous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"35f94e7c-60f0-41ae-a058-1210776cb0f7","word":"act","definition":"To perform an action or deed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"acto","language_family":"latin","root":"āctus","root_meaning":"a doing, a driving","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"agere","meaning":"To do, drive, lead.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"act","meaning":"To perform, carry out.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"acto","meaning":"Act, deed.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["action","actor","activate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"execute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"do","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"d01f9977-7906-4234-b756-21ae0bea7da4","word":"action","definition":"The process of doing something to achieve an aim.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acción","language_family":"latin","root":"actio","root_meaning":"a doing, a driving","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ag-","meaning":"To drive, to do.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"agere","meaning":"To do, to drive, to act.","children":[{"era":"100s","word":"actio","meaning":"A doing, process of acting.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"action","meaning":"The process of doing something.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"acción","meaning":"Action, act.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["act","actor","react","transaction","active"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"act","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"move","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"88907cf7-b2e6-497f-8a44-1991827a8565","word":"actions","definition":"Plural of action; things done or deeds performed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acciones","language_family":"latin","root":"actio","root_meaning":"a doing, deed, act","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"actions","meaning":"plural of deeds performed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"action","meaning":"deed, act","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actio","meaning":"a doing, process, deed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, do, act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["action","act","acting","active","agent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deeds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"measures","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"fb5e587e-7690-4a01-8cf5-d6d407d10359","word":"activate","definition":"To make active or operative; to put into action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"activar","language_family":"latin","root":"activus","root_meaning":"active","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"activate","meaning":"make active","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"activatus","meaning":"made active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activus","meaning":"active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["active","action","activity","actor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trigger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"5607b563-609c-40f4-99c4-814b24be4c68","word":"activation","definition":"The action or process of making something active or operative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"activación","language_family":"latin","root":"actus","root_meaning":"a doing, a driving, an impulse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"activation","meaning":"The act of activating","children":[{"era":"19th C","word":"activate","meaning":"to make active","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"active","meaning":"ready to act","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activus","meaning":"active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actus","meaning":"a doing, a driving, an impulse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to set in motion, drive, do, act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["active","action","act","agent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enablement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"triggering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"426c9ea1-4a5c-4983-adce-d5f128b4883e","word":"active","definition":"Engaged in activity; involving energetic action or effort.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"activo","language_family":"latin","root":"activus","root_meaning":"doing, acting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"active","meaning":"engaged in action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activus","meaning":"doing, acting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["actively","activity","activate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"energetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"busy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dynamic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"1bfd7e65-db46-46cd-b434-b8376d94ef53","word":"activist","definition":"A person who campaigns to bring about political or social change.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"activista","language_family":"latin","root":"actus","root_meaning":"a doing, a driving","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"activist","meaning":"a person who campaigns for change","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"active","meaning":"in action","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"activus","meaning":"active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actus","meaning":"a doing, a driving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["active","action","activity","activate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"campaigner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reformer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advocate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"b83f1899-2d59-4680-9260-47e84a8804cb","word":"activities","definition":"Plural of activity; actions, pursuits, or occupations performed or engaged in.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"actividades","language_family":"latin","root":"activus","root_meaning":"active, effective, busy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"activities","meaning":"actions or pursuits engaged in","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"activity","meaning":"action, engagement, pursuit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activitas","meaning":"activity, action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activus","meaning":"active, effective","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["activity","active","activate","action"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pursuits","formality":"formal"},{"word":"actions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engagements","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.972Z"}
{"id":"cff9ad9c-650e-4454-a170-9b427b5bbcb3","word":"activity","definition":"Engagement in pursuit of a goal or interest; a pursuit or hobby.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"actividad","language_family":"latin","root":"activus","root_meaning":"inclined to act, active","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"activity","meaning":"state of being engaged or the pursuit of a task","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"activité","meaning":"state of action or engagement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activitas","meaning":"action, engagement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activus","meaning":"inclined to act, active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to act, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["active","activate","activism","agent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"action","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engagement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pursuit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undertaking","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"10d60ef7-dc41-40ed-8e44-f00ba6361e2f","word":"actor","definition":"A person whose profession is acting on the stage, in films, or on television.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"actor","language_family":"latin","root":"actor","root_meaning":"agent, doer, performer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"actor","meaning":"a performer in plays or films","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actor","meaning":"agent, doer, performer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, to do, to perform","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["act","action","actress","agency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"player","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thespian","formality":"literary"},{"word":"star","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"bf31a76c-ef75-4ce6-89dc-8edc87f554a8","word":"actress","definition":"A female actor; a woman who performs in plays, films, or on television.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"actriz","language_family":"french","root":"actrice","root_meaning":"female actor","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"actress","meaning":"female actor","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"actrice","meaning":"female actor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actor","meaning":"doer, performer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["actor","act","action","activity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"player","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"star","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"5de13c62-7893-4cb4-bce1-9128f8041568","word":"actual","definition":"Existing in fact or reality; real rather than imagined or theoretical.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"actual","language_family":"latin","root":"actualis","root_meaning":"concerning action or things done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"actual","meaning":"real, existing in fact","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"actualis","meaning":"concerning action","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"actuare","meaning":"to do, act","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actus","meaning":"done, acted","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["act","action","actuality","actualize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"real","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genuine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"concrete","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"a37eff00-7995-421c-bdae-d4a63ff34070","word":"actually","definition":"In fact; really; in actual fact or reality.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"actualmente","language_family":"latin","root":"actualis","root_meaning":"active, relating to action","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"actually","meaning":"in fact, really","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"actually","meaning":"in fact, in reality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actualis","meaning":"active, relating to action","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["actual","actualize","actuality","act"],"synonyms":[{"word":"really","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in fact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"truly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"98f61724-77fb-4938-97ae-101ce3df76db","word":"acute","definition":"(Of a bad situation or feeling) present or experienced to a severe or intense degree; having a sharp angle.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"agudo","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin `acutus`","root_meaning":"sharpened, pointed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eḱ- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"acute","meaning":"sharp, intense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acutus","meaning":"sharpened, pointed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acuere","meaning":"to sharpen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acus","meaning":"needle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["acumen","acuity","acid","needle","edge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sharp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"severe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incisive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"2111d80b-f13a-418b-96f8-5cd35485a81d","word":"adamant","definition":"Unyieldingly firm or determined.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"adamante","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀδάμας","root_meaning":"invincible; untamable","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*demh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adamant","meaning":"unyieldingly firm or determined","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adamant","meaning":"hard stone; firm, unyielding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adamantem","meaning":"hard as steel; adamant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀδάμας","meaning":"invincible; untamable","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adamance","adamancy","adamantine","adamantly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unyielding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inflexible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"steadfast","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"e0b3ed1c-64d4-495f-b7b1-36f916a9291e","word":"adapt","definition":"To make (something) suitable for a new use or purpose; to adjust to new conditions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"adaptar","language_family":"latin","root":"adaptare","root_meaning":"to fit, adjust to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adapt","meaning":"To make (something) suitable for a new use or purpose; to adjust to new conditions.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"adapt","meaning":"to adapt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adapter","meaning":"to fit, adjust to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"aptare","meaning":"to fit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apt","aptitude","adaptation","adopt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adjust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accommodate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"046d27e3-f678-49bb-9955-b7d9d5be8806","word":"adaptation","definition":"The process of changing to suit different conditions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adaptación","language_family":"latin","root":"adaptare","root_meaning":"to adjust, to fit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adaptation","meaning":"The process of changing to suit different conditions.","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"adaptatio","meaning":"an adapting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adaptare","meaning":"to adjust, to fit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adapt","adaptable","adapter","adaptive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adjustment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conformity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"b295d889-4a0a-4f60-a51b-bef50c1357df","word":"adapter","definition":"A device for connecting parts of different sizes or types so that they can be used together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adaptador","language_family":"latin","root":"adaptare","root_meaning":"to adjust, fit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adapter","meaning":"connecting device","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"adapt","meaning":"to make suitable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adaptare","meaning":"to adjust, fit to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"aptare","meaning":"to fit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aptus","meaning":"fit, suitable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adapt","aptitude","apt","adept","aptly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"converter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interface","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fitting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"fbf6f8fd-47ae-4fa4-9009-5282c35dabfb","word":"adaptive","definition":"Able to adjust to new conditions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"adaptativo","language_family":"latin","root":"adaptare","root_meaning":"to fit, to adjust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adaptive","meaning":"able to adapt","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"adapt","meaning":"to adjust","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"adapter","meaning":"to adapt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adaptare","meaning":"to fit, to adjust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ive","meaning":"tending to, performing","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adapt","adaptation","adaptable","adapter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flexible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"versatile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjustable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pliable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"78ccdc4b-b943-43b9-8f51-5e2cf87e01a8","word":"adaptor","definition":"A device for connecting pieces of equipment that cannot be connected directly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adaptador","language_family":"latin","root":"adaptare","root_meaning":"to fit, adjust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adaptor","meaning":"A connecting device","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"adapt","meaning":"to adjust","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"adapter","meaning":"to adapt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adaptare","meaning":"to fit, adjust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adapt","adaptable","adaptation","apt","aptitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"converter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"connector","formality":"technical"},{"word":"attachment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"8babc92d-01c3-4360-b3f6-99de86d5f107","word":"add","definition":"To put together or combine numbers or quantities; to include additionally.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"añadir","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin addere","root_meaning":"to put to, attach, add","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- + *do-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"add","meaning":"to combine, sum up","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adder","meaning":"to add, append","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addere","meaning":"to attach, add","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["addition","addend","adder","additive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"include","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"5056ed52-08ce-4b68-8417-e74ff681d39c","word":"added","definition":"Past tense of add; combined or summed together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"adido","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin addere","root_meaning":"to put to, attach, add","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"added","meaning":"combined or summed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"add","meaning":"to combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addere","meaning":"to put to, attach","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["add","adding","adds","additive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"summed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appended","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"3c22471c-880b-46ff-86fa-0710528d60d9","word":"addict","definition":"A person who is addicted to a particular substance or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adicto","language_family":"latin","root":"addictus","root_meaning":"assigned, surrendered, devoted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"addict","meaning":"person addicted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addictus","meaning":"assigned, surrendered","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addicere","meaning":"to assign, surrender","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, declare, assign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["addiction","addictive","addicted","edict","diction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"junkie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"user","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devotee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"a576b9c6-7626-42cf-9016-306da5e754e3","word":"addiction","definition":"The fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adicción","language_family":"latin","root":"addictus","root_meaning":"assigned, given over to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"addiction","meaning":"the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addictus","meaning":"assigned, given over to (past participle of addicere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addicere","meaning":"to deliver, devote, give over, award","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["addict","addicted","addictive","addition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dependence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"habit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"5cec89b0-7d91-4bc8-b532-0ac95282f78c","word":"adding","definition":"The process of combining numbers or quantities together to find their total sum.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"addere","root_meaning":"to put to, attach, add","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adding","meaning":"combining quantities","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"add","meaning":"to put together, combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addere","meaning":"to put to, attach, give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["add","added","addition","additive","adder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"totaling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combining","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"340f00cd-5cf5-4bdd-8703-af838bbf6076","word":"addition","definition":"The process or action of adding or uniting; something added.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adición","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin additio","root_meaning":"a putting to, adding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad (to) + *do (give)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Addition","meaning":"act of adding; sum","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"addition","meaning":"adding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"additio","meaning":"a putting to, addition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["add","additive","additional","addend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"a58ec36b-9d75-4b8b-acbe-be4f32001ce2","word":"additional","definition":"Added or given as an extra or supplementary item.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"adicional","language_family":"latin","root":"addere","root_meaning":"to add or attach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"additional","meaning":"supplementary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"additional","meaning":"supplementary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"addere","meaning":"to add or attach","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["addition","add","additive","additionally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extra","formality":"informal"},{"word":"supplementary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"further","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"more","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"ac92c1ab-0e27-4d92-b7ce-5cd2cf0ed77e","word":"address","definition":"The location of a place or person, or to speak to someone directly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dirección","language_family":"french","root":"adresse","root_meaning":"to direct toward","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"address","meaning":"location or to direct speech","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"address","meaning":"to direct, arrange","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adresse","meaning":"to direct toward","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adress","addressing","addressee","misaddress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"location","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speak to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"e7c8ba1d-199c-40bc-9ef0-d40cb72e6c9e","word":"addresses","definition":"Plural noun for locations where people or organizations can be found, or third-person singular verb meaning to direct speech or attention toward.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dirección","language_family":"french","root":"ad-","root_meaning":"toward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"addresses","meaning":"locations or speeches directed toward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"address","meaning":"to direct toward","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"adresser","meaning":"to direct, arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dressare","meaning":"to straighten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["address","addressee","addresser","directed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"locations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residences","formality":"formal"},{"word":"speeches","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"2a5aa16d-88ce-4f03-a563-c427012ed8dc","word":"adequate","definition":"Sufficient for a specific requirement; barely satisfactory or satisfactory.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"adecuado","language_family":"latin","root":"adaequatus","root_meaning":"made equal to, equalized, leveled","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adequate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adaequatus","meaning":"made equal to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adaequare","meaning":"to make equal to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"aequare","meaning":"to make equal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequus","meaning":"equal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equal","equation","equity","equivalent","equanimity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sufficient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satisfactory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"2ae62ff1-dab5-4d02-abee-b3f9d85385e6","word":"adieu","definition":"A formal or literary goodbye.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"adiós","language_family":"french","root":"deus","root_meaning":"god","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deiwos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adieu","meaning":"a formal or literary goodbye","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adieu","meaning":"to God; goodbye","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deus","meaning":"god","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*deiwos","meaning":"celestial being; god","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adios","deity","deism","divine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farewell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"goodbye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"good-bye","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"db04aad0-0866-481c-9803-926b6cffd56d","word":"adios","definition":"A Spanish farewell used in English, meaning goodbye.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"deus","root_meaning":"god","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deiwos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adios","meaning":"a Spanish farewell used in English, meaning goodbye","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"adiós","meaning":"goodbye; to God","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"a Dios","meaning":"to God","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Dios","meaning":"God","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deus","meaning":"god","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adiós","adioses","adieu","addio","goodbye"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goodbye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farewell","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adieu","formality":"literary"},{"word":"so long","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"a34a2f5d-a848-47b8-98bf-21c1bd21c6db","word":"adjacent","definition":"Next to or adjoining something else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"adyacente","language_family":"latin","root":"adiacere","root_meaning":"to lie near, to border upon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adjacent","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adjacentem","meaning":"lying near, bordering upon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adiacere","meaning":"to lie near, to border upon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + iacere","meaning":"to + to lie","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lie","interject","object","subject","trajectory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contiguous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"neighboring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjoining","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"9f401055-a84a-4704-a512-0877bf3703c4","word":"adjourn","definition":"To suspend proceedings or delay a meeting until later.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"diurnus","root_meaning":"of the day","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dyew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adjourn","meaning":"to suspend proceedings or delay a meeting until later","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adjorner","meaning":"to appoint a day; postpone","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"*adiurnare","meaning":"to appoint for a day","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diurnus","meaning":"of the day","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adjournment","adjourned","adjourns","journ","journey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"postpone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suspend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"4b33e452-76c0-4b7c-abfa-809903a81323","word":"adjustable","definition":"Capable of being changed to suit a particular purpose or need.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ajustable","language_family":"latin","root":"adiustare","root_meaning":"to bring to a standard, to fit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adjustable","meaning":"capable of being adjusted","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"adjust","meaning":"to bring to a standard, to fit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adjuster","meaning":"to make fit, settle, arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adiustare","meaning":"to adjust, bring to a standard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adjust","adjustment","just","justice","justify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adaptable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flexible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alterable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"2c45f9fe-8bd5-46b2-9b8a-1be6899d17da","word":"adjustment","definition":"A small alteration or movement made to achieve a desired fit, appearance, or result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ajuste","language_family":"french","root":"ajuster","root_meaning":"to adapt, fit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adjustment","meaning":"A small alteration or movement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adjust","meaning":"to adapt, fit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"a-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"juste","meaning":"just, right","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adjust","just","justice","justify","justly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"modification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alteration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adaptation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"24291660-8213-45a8-ae84-b057bfeea1a7","word":"admin","definition":"Short for administration; a person or department responsible for managing operations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"admin","language_family":"latin","root":"ad + ministrare","root_meaning":"to + serve, manage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- + *men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"admin","meaning":"administration or administrator","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"admin","meaning":"shortened form of administration","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"administration","meaning":"management, governance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"administratio","meaning":"management, service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + ministrare","meaning":"to serve, manage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["administration","administrator","administrative","administer","admininstrative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"management","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bureaucracy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"governance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"52585159-88f3-4ebf-be28-c742ea2b863c","word":"administration","definition":"The management of business or governmental affairs; a period during which a president or leader holds office.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"administración","language_family":"latin","root":"administrare","root_meaning":"to manage, service","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"administration","meaning":"management of affairs or government","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"administration","meaning":"management","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"administratio","meaning":"management, service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"administrare","meaning":"to manage, serve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["administer","administrator","administrative","administering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"management","formality":"formal"},{"word":"government","formality":"formal"},{"word":"governance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"5710e12e-f76e-4996-83a0-1dcaf92d88ab","word":"administrative","definition":"Relating to the management and organization of business or public affairs.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"administrativo","language_family":"latin","root":"administrare","root_meaning":"to manage, direct, serve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"administrative","meaning":"relating to management and organization","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"administrate","meaning":"to manage, direct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"administrare","meaning":"to manage, serve, direct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + ministrare","meaning":"to + serve, wait upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["administer","administration","administrator","administrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"managerial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"organizational","formality":"formal"},{"word":"executive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"281555e8-69bc-48e2-822a-17ff61d2b87e","word":"administrator","definition":"A person who manages the affairs of a business, institution, or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"administrador","language_family":"latin","root":"administrare","root_meaning":"to manage or serve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"administrator","meaning":"a manager","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"administrator","meaning":"one who administers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"administrare","meaning":"to manage, serve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + ministrare","meaning":"to + serve or minister","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["administer","administrative","administration","administrate","administer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"formal"},{"word":"executive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"6d604f4d-2747-4fb5-a50e-f0061753bead","word":"admirable","definition":"Admirable means deserving admiration or approval.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"admirable","language_family":"latin","root":"admirabilis","root_meaning":"worthy of wonder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"admirable","meaning":"deserving admiration or approval","children":[{"era":"c. 1100-1500","word":"admirable","meaning":"worthy of admiration","children":[{"era":"c. 800s-1400s","word":"admirable","meaning":"wonderful; admirable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"admirabilis","meaning":"worthy of wonder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"admirari","meaning":"to wonder at","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mirari","meaning":"to wonder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-bilis","meaning":"able to be","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["admire","admiration","admirer","admirably","admirative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"praiseworthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commendable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"laudable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"34a34e3e-c55f-44a5-9b23-ece7eada8426","word":"admiral","definition":"A commander of a fleet or naval squadron.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"almirante","language_family":"other","root":"amīr al-baḥr","root_meaning":"commander of the sea","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~900 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~900 AD","word":"amīr al-baḥr","meaning":"Commander of the sea.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"amiral","meaning":"Naval commander.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"admiral","meaning":"Fleet commander.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"almirante","meaning":"Admiral.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["emir","admiralty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commodore","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"c5dd31cc-1bde-4d89-952d-b96c6daffac8","word":"admiration","definition":"A feeling of respect and wonder toward someone or something admired.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"admiración","language_family":"latin","root":"admīrātiō","root_meaning":"wonder; admiration","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"admiration","meaning":"a feeling of respect and wonder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"admiration","meaning":"admiration; esteem","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"admiration","meaning":"admiration; wonder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"admīrātiō","meaning":"wonder; admiration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + mirārī","meaning":"toward + to wonder at; to look at with wonder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["admire","admirable","admirer","admiring","admiringly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"respect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"esteem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reverence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"0a0f7035-c2ee-43a0-bdda-d4de54149e2c","word":"admire","definition":"Regard with respect or warm approval.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"admirar","language_family":"latin","root":"admirari","root_meaning":"to wonder at, marvel at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"admire","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"admirari","meaning":"to wonder at, marvel at","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mirari","meaning":"to wonder, marvel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["admiration","marvel","mirror","mirage","miracle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"respect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"esteem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appreciate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"5e5017d8-fbbe-4830-b82c-17cb2775689e","word":"admirer","definition":"A person who feels respect, approval, or affection for someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"admirador","language_family":"latin","root":"admirārī","root_meaning":"to wonder at or admire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"admirer","meaning":"a person who admires","children":[{"era":"medieval / classical source","word":"admirer / admirer","meaning":"one who admires","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"admirārī","meaning":"to wonder at or admire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + mirārī","meaning":"to wonder at, marvel at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["admire","admiration","admirable","admiringly","admiral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devotee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fan","formality":"informal"},{"word":"adorer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"f70418d2-4b48-4991-bdeb-ee1fca139db9","word":"admission","definition":"The process or fact of entering or being allowed to enter a place or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"admisión","language_family":"latin","root":"admissio","root_meaning":"an allowing in, admission","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical Latin","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"admission","meaning":"act of entering","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"admission","meaning":"allowance","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"admissio","meaning":"an allowing in","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"admittere","meaning":"to send to, let go to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["admit","mission","remit","transmit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"access","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allowance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"88c21fd7-4ef0-45ac-a5b4-2459e4ab8ded","word":"admit","definition":"To confess to be true or to acknowledge.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"admitir","language_family":"latin","root":"admittere","root_meaning":"to send to, let in, allow, receive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- *mittere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"admit","meaning":"To confess to be true or to acknowledge.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"admettre","meaning":"to admit, receive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"admittere","meaning":"to send to, let in, allow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mission","commit","submit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confess","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"1ad3db74-c271-4810-9c3e-dcd369473982","word":"adobe","definition":"A building material made from sun-dried bricks of mud and straw.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adobe","language_family":"other","root":"Arabic al-ṭūb","root_meaning":"the brick","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adobe","meaning":"sun-dried brick building material","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"adobe","meaning":"brick made of mud and straw","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"al-ṭūb","meaning":"the brick","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adobes","adobe brick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mud brick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sun-dried brick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clay brick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"db894166-3184-4965-a926-3500afe88b2a","word":"adolescent","definition":"A young person who is developing from a child into an adult.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adolescente","language_family":"latin","root":"adolescere","root_meaning":"to grow up, to mature","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adolescent","meaning":"A young person who is developing from a child into an adult.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adolescent","meaning":"young person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adolescentem","meaning":"growing up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adolescere","meaning":"to grow up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adult","aliment","coalesce","alderman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teenager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juvenile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"f6b83669-0899-4e31-90d0-2cf0c83834d6","word":"adopt","definition":"To take by choice into one's family, especially to take a child of other parents legally as your own child.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"adoptar","language_family":"latin","root":"adoptare","root_meaning":"to choose for oneself, take by choice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adopt","meaning":"to take as one's own","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adoptare","meaning":"to choose for oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + optare","meaning":"to + choose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adoption","adopted","adoptive","option","co-opt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"take in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embrace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"d17a300d-4890-4016-9379-8d4e0b4da314","word":"adoption","definition":"The action or fact of adopting or being adopted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adopción","language_family":"latin","root":"adoptāre","root_meaning":"to choose, take up, take to oneself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adoption","meaning":"action of adopting","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"adoptioun","meaning":"adoption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adoptio","meaning":"a taking, adopting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adoptāre","meaning":"to choose, take up, take to oneself","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adopt","adopted","adoptive","adopter","adoptable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fostering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embracement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"selection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"d3743e1d-058f-49f4-848d-221e06ae5ce5","word":"adorable","definition":"Inspiring great affection; delightful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"adorable","language_family":"latin","root":"adorabilis","root_meaning":"worthy of adoration","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*os-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adorable","meaning":"Inspiring great affection; delightful","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adorable","meaning":"worthy of adoration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adorabilis","meaning":"worthy of adoration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adorare","meaning":"to adore","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adore","adoration","oracle","oration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lovely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delightful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"9bac6fae-e152-4fb9-b02d-38b59a3efbdf","word":"adore","definition":"To worship or love someone or something deeply.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"adorar","language_family":"latin","root":"adorare","root_meaning":"to worship, to speak to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adore","meaning":"To worship or love deeply","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"adorer","meaning":"to adore, to worship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adorare","meaning":"to speak to, to pray to, to worship","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adoration","adorable","oracle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cherish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"love","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idolize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"73917aa1-0f43-408e-80c0-5dc394af6e1d","word":"adrenaline","definition":"A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, especially in conditions of stress, increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and preparing muscles for exertion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adrenalina","language_family":"latin","root":"ad-, renalis, -ine","root_meaning":"to, kidney, chemical suffix","root_language":"Latin, English","root_era":"modern","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adrenaline","meaning":"A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"adrenaline","meaning":"formed from ad- + renal + -ine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"renalis","meaning":"of the kidney","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ren","meaning":"kidney","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"modern","word":"-ine","meaning":"chemical suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English (compound)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adrenal","renal","epinephrine","hormone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"epinephrine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stress hormone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fight-or-flight hormone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"cec25529-0d8c-448f-8ab9-78f6bcaf16c7","word":"ads","definition":"Plural of ad; short advertisements or notices promoting products, services, or ideas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anuncios","language_family":"latin","root":"advertere","root_meaning":"to turn toward, to notice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ads","meaning":"advertisements","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"ad","meaning":"short for advertisement","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"advertisement","meaning":"public notice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advertere","meaning":"to turn toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advertisement","advertise","advert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advertisements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commercials","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notices","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"c25a3587-e41c-4295-a3fa-a42aa70f78b0","word":"adult","definition":"A person who is fully grown or developed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adulto","language_family":"latin","root":"adultus","root_meaning":"grown up, past participle of adolescere","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*al-","meaning":"To grow, to nourish.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"adolescere","meaning":"To grow up, to mature.","children":[{"era":"100s","word":"adultus","meaning":"Grown up.","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"adult","meaning":"A fully grown person.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"adulto","meaning":"Adult, grown-up.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["adolescent","adulthood","mature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grown-up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mature person","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"93a1e98c-b7f0-44a8-a325-604e1734be44","word":"adultery","definition":"Voluntary sexual relations in which at least one participant is married to someone else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adulterio","language_family":"latin","root":"adulterium","root_meaning":"adultery; illicit sexual union","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adultery","meaning":"voluntary sexual relations in which at least one participant is married to someone else","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"adulterie","meaning":"adultery","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"adultère","meaning":"adultery, adulterous person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adulterium","meaning":"adultery","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adulterer","adulterous","adulterate","adulteration","adulterine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infidelity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unfaithfulness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cheating","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"7b5224a8-2c97-45b2-b4da-2770795b2bf3","word":"adults","definition":"Fully developed and mature human beings who have reached legal age.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"adulto","language_family":"latin","root":"adultus","root_meaning":"grown up, mature","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adults","meaning":"mature human beings","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"adult","meaning":"grown person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adultus","meaning":"grown up, mature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adolescere","meaning":"to grow up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adult","adultery","adolescent","adulthood","adulterate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grown-ups","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mature people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elders","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"6ddad592-3c5a-42bf-9199-a64132f6346c","word":"advance","definition":"To move forward or make progress.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"avanzar","language_family":"french","root":"avancier","root_meaning":"to move forward","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 AD","word":"abante","meaning":"From before, forward.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"avancier","meaning":"To move forward, promote.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"advance","meaning":"To move forward.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"avanzar","meaning":"To advance, progress.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["advancement","advanced","advancing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"progress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proceed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"096c50f7-c921-4ce8-97e9-afc2cde8e9af","word":"advanced","definition":"Highly developed or complex; ahead of others in progress or knowledge.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"avanzado","language_family":"latin","root":"abantem","root_meaning":"to move before","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advanced","meaning":"highly developed or ahead","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"advance","meaning":"to move forward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"avancer","meaning":"to move forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abante","meaning":"from before, ahead","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advance","advances","advancing","advancement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sophisticated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"progressive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"developed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complex","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.515Z"}
{"id":"afb06e5e-ea42-431a-ac01-d075e2aa69b4","word":"advantage","definition":"A condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ventaja","language_family":"french","root":"abante","root_meaning":"before, in front","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advantage","meaning":"favorable position or circumstance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"advantage","meaning":"superiority, benefit","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"avantage","meaning":"superiority, precedence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"abante","meaning":"before, in front","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advantageous","advantageously","disadvantage","take advantage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"benefit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edge","formality":"informal"},{"word":"superiority","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"d18d85da-4163-4957-8e32-123db4d98bca","word":"adventure","definition":"An unusual, exciting, and potentially hazardous experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aventura","language_family":"french","root":"aventure","root_meaning":"chance, fortune, luck","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"adventūra","meaning":"About to happen. From advenīre (to arrive).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aventure","meaning":"Chance, fortune, luck.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"adventure","meaning":"A risky or exciting undertaking.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"aventura","meaning":"Adventure.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["adventurous","venture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expedition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"e7b6a715-6564-499d-be14-8c73b6763ea0","word":"adventurous","definition":"Willing to take risks or seek out novel, uncertain experiences.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"aventure","root_meaning":"chance; event; adventure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adventurous","meaning":"willing to take risks or seek out novel, uncertain experiences","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aventurous","meaning":"adventurous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aventure","meaning":"chance; event; adventure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adventura","meaning":"that which is about to happen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advenire","meaning":"to arrive; to happen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ous","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adventure","adventurer","adventuress","adventurousness","venturesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"venturesome","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"76a32973-e859-438a-8e31-f16a3816e1df","word":"adverse","definition":"Unfavorable, harmful, or opposing in effect.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"adverso","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin `adversus`","root_meaning":"turned toward, hostile, opposite","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adverse","meaning":"unfavorable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adversus","meaning":"turned toward, hostile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["adversary","invert","convert","diversion","versatile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unfavorable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detrimental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hostile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"09ab371c-a154-4e79-8044-6109823add45","word":"advert","definition":"To refer to or mention something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"advertir","language_family":"latin","root":"advertere","root_meaning":"to turn to, to turn toward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advert","meaning":"to refer to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advertere","meaning":"to turn toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avert","convert","divert","invert","revert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mention","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"b366db90-878b-423f-b27e-56e5cc542333","word":"advertise","definition":"To call public attention to something through paid announcements or promotional activities.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"advertir","language_family":"latin","root":"advertere","root_meaning":"to turn toward, to notice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advertise","meaning":"to promote publicly","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"advertise","meaning":"to give notice of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"advertiser","meaning":"to turn toward, give notice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + vertere","meaning":"to + turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advertisement","advertiser","advertising","advertised"],"synonyms":[{"word":"promote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"publicize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"announce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"b0eede17-9826-49fb-b97e-2bf66bd597c1","word":"advertisement","definition":"A public notice or announcement promoting a product, service, or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"advertencia","language_family":"latin","root":"advertere","root_meaning":"to turn toward, draw attention to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- + *wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advertisement","meaning":"public promotional notice","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"advertisement","meaning":"notice, announcement","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"advertence","meaning":"attention, notice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advertere","meaning":"to turn toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advertise","advertiser","advertising","advertised"],"synonyms":[{"word":"announcement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"promotion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ad","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"5941ac78-be78-47aa-b854-59c0aa5fef03","word":"advertising","definition":"The business or practice of promoting products, services, or ideas to a target audience through various media.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"publicidad","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin advertere","root_meaning":"to turn toward, direct attention to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advertising","meaning":"promotional activity and media","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"advertise","meaning":"to announce or make known","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"advertir","meaning":"to turn toward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advertere","meaning":"to turn toward, direct attention","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advertise","advertisement","advertiser","advert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"promotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marketing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"publicity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"announcement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"be3fc659-6add-40c0-905d-bc1b5a97fdc9","word":"advice","definition":"Guidance or recommendations offered regarding future action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aviso","language_family":"french","root":"avis","root_meaning":"opinion, view","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"advīsum","meaning":"That which seems right, opinion.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"avis","meaning":"Opinion, view, judgment.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"advice","meaning":"Counsel, guidance.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"aviso","meaning":"Notice, warning.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["advise","advisor","advisory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"counsel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guidance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tip","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"bd13082e-6a9e-4f9d-9c64-6d40dda02316","word":"advise","definition":"To offer suggestions about the best course of action or to give counsel to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"avisar","language_family":"latin","root":"ad-videre","root_meaning":"to look at, to consider","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advise","meaning":"to give counsel","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"advisen","meaning":"to counsel","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"aviser","meaning":"to inform, consider","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-videre","meaning":"to look at, consider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advice","advisory","visible","vision","revise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"counsel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suggest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inform","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"51e1bdce-5f94-4071-9158-565c3ea935a6","word":"advisor","definition":"A person who offers suggestions or guidance on a particular subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asesor","language_family":"latin","root":"advisare","root_meaning":"to give one's opinion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advisor","meaning":"one who gives advice","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"advise","meaning":"to counsel or inform","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"advisare","meaning":"to give opinion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + visare","meaning":"to + see/look","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advise","advice","advisable","advisory","adviser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consultant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"counselor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"1e379e83-3b04-4b39-a297-1989710a7946","word":"advisory","definition":"Having the power to advise.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"avisar","language_family":"french","root":"adviser","root_meaning":"to advise, consider","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advisory","meaning":"Having the power to advise.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"adviser","meaning":"one who advises","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aviser","meaning":"to advise, consider","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-visere","meaning":"to look at, consider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advise","advice","visible","vision","supervise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consultative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recommendatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guiding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"96bb7b26-7cfb-48f2-a31d-4993f2ae226f","word":"advocacy","definition":"The act of pleading for, supporting, or recommending; active espousal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abogacía","language_family":"latin","root":"advocatus","root_meaning":"one called to aid, legal assistant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advocacy","meaning":"the act of pleading for, supporting","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"advocate","meaning":"to speak in favor of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advocatus","meaning":"one called to aid, legal assistant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, towards","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vocare","meaning":"to call","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advocate","vocation","vocal","revoke","provoke","evoke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"championship","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endorsement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"01f627b7-b6ba-422f-998b-4f9195a5e313","word":"advocate","definition":"To publicly recommend or support a particular cause or policy.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"abogar","language_family":"latin","root":"advocatus","root_meaning":"one called to aid","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"advocate","meaning":"recommend or support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advocatus","meaning":"one called to aid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advocare","meaning":"to call to one's aid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vocation","vocal","revoke","provoke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"champion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"5308c629-96f9-4887-8983-397af9dffbde","word":"adware","definition":"Software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material, often unwanted, while a user is online.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"adware","meaning":"advertising software","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"ad","meaning":"advertisement (shortening)","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"20th century","word":"software","meaning":"computer programs","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["malware","spyware","freeware","shareware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pop-up generator","formality":"informal"},{"word":"advertisement software","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tracking software","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"e9aff751-8221-4cb1-b4fb-425bc3ef38b6","word":"aerial","definition":"Existing, happening, or operating in the air.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aéreo","language_family":"greek","root":"aer","root_meaning":"air","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*h₂ew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aerial","meaning":"of or in the air","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aerius","meaning":"of the air","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"aerios","meaning":"of the air","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"aer","meaning":"air","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["air","aerospace","aerodynamics","aerate","airline","aeronautics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"airborne","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lofty","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"ec86f5e3-59cc-4220-98dc-d1a0bdd1ae68","word":"aerospace","definition":"The branch of technology and industry concerned with both aviation and space flight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"aer","root_meaning":"air","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aerospace","meaning":"The branch of technology and industry concerned with both aviation and space flight.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aero-","meaning":"air","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"1200s","word":"space","meaning":"extent, interval","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spatium","meaning":"space, room","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aeronautics","astronaut","aerial","spatial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aviation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cosmonautics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rocketry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"c7577d5c-dc66-465d-9010-2082ead22e3a","word":"aeryn","definition":"A modern given name with an uncertain origin, often treated as a variant spelling of Erin or Aaron.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aeryn","meaning":"a modern given name","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Erin","meaning":"a common source of the spelling Aeryn","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"Aaron","meaning":"another possible influence on the spelling Aeryn","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Erin","Aerin","Aaron","Aryn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Erin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Aerin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Aryn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"f8899388-3a41-47cf-b16d-3d50752e4924","word":"aesthetic","definition":"Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estético","language_family":"greek","root":"aisthētikos","root_meaning":"of or for perception by the senses","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"aisthētikós (αἰσθητικός)","meaning":"Perceptive, sensitive. From aisthánomai (I perceive).","children":[{"era":"1798","word":"aesthetic","meaning":"Relating to beauty or taste.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"estético","meaning":"Aesthetic, relating to beauty.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["aesthetics","aesthete","anaesthetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"artistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beautiful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2b2e1112-b1cb-4343-8dc9-2b62a0b6b9b7","word":"afar","definition":"At or to a great distance; far away.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feorr","root_meaning":"far","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"afar","meaning":"at or to a great distance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"afer","meaning":"afar","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"a-","meaning":"for, on, or of","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"far","meaning":"far","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["far","farther","farthest","faraway","afar off"],"synonyms":[{"word":"at a distance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"far away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"off","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"e9eb6735-aeb9-47d8-9138-d3989c3aa91f","word":"affair","definition":"An event or sequence of events of a specified kind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asunto","language_family":"french","root":"afaire","root_meaning":"business, thing to do","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ad facere","meaning":"To do, to make.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"afaire","meaning":"Business, matter, thing to do.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"affair","meaning":"A matter of concern, event.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"asunto","meaning":"Affair, matter.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["affairs","affaire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"matter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concern","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"d8a3bf1a-fb57-497d-bc22-bf544f138b23","word":"affairs","definition":"Matters or issues requiring attention or responsibility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asuntos","language_family":"french","root":"affaire","root_meaning":"something to be done","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affairs","meaning":"matters of concern","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"affair","meaning":"something to be done","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"affaire","meaning":"something to be done","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affair","affaire","affaired"],"synonyms":[{"word":"matters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concerns","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issues","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"business","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"d008a509-2f49-4a77-abc6-82955e4484bd","word":"affect","definition":"To have an influence on or make a change in.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"afectar","language_family":"latin","root":"afficere","root_meaning":"to do something to, act on, influence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affect","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"affecter","meaning":"to treat in a certain way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"afficere","meaning":"to do something to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["effect","affection","factory","fact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"influence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"ae7af738-2883-4deb-8d70-0881ded1c704","word":"affection","definition":"A gentle feeling of fondness or liking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"afección","language_family":"latin","root":"affectio","root_meaning":"a state of mind, disposition, passion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affection","meaning":"A gentle feeling of fondness or liking.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"affection","meaning":"disposition, passion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"affectio","meaning":"a state of mind, disposition, passion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"afficere","meaning":"to affect, influence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*dheh₁-","meaning":"to set, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affect","affecting","affectionate","factual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fondness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"love","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attachment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenderness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"317b16b9-eba4-4b70-b09e-da5d1e9318bb","word":"affectionate","definition":"Warmly loving or fond in feeling.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"afectuoso","language_family":"latin","root":"affectionatus","root_meaning":"affectionate, loving","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affectionate","meaning":"warmly loving or fond","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"affection","meaning":"warm feeling or regard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"affectionatus","meaning":"affectionate, loving","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ate","meaning":"adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affection","affectional","affectionately","affective"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"d3df84f5-f1ff-4055-9b2b-3ddc75ce12a0","word":"affiliate","definition":"To officially attach or connect with; a person or organization connected to another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"afiliado","language_family":"latin","root":"ad + filius","root_meaning":"to + son, child","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- + *dhēl-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affiliate","meaning":"to attach or join with","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"affiliate","meaning":"to attach formally","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"affiliatus","meaning":"adopted as a son","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + filius","meaning":"to + son","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affiliated","affiliation","affiliates","affiliate","disaffiliate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"associate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"align","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"864cbffa-2561-4f00-a8fa-790ac81951ac","word":"affiliates","definition":"Associated or connected organizations or individuals; to officially join or connect with a group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"afiliados","language_family":"latin","root":"affiliare","root_meaning":"to adopt as a son, to connect","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affiliates","meaning":"connected members or associates","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"affiliate","meaning":"to associate or connect","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"affiliare","meaning":"to adopt as a son","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"filius","meaning":"son","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Late Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affiliate","affiliation","affiliated","affinity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"associates","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partners","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"branches","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subsidiaries","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"ce2b85aa-2b43-4367-ae69-a831bc1c714b","word":"affiliation","definition":"The state or process of being connected or associated with a larger body, group, or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"afiliación","language_family":"latin","root":"fīlius","root_meaning":"son","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*fēlius","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affiliation","meaning":"connection to a group","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"affiliatiōn","meaning":"adoption","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"affiliare","meaning":"to adopt as a son","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fīlius","meaning":"son","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affiliate","filial","affiliated","filiation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"association","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"membership","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"b9c66f07-9c42-46ce-abad-51ecfaa7acd7","word":"affirmative","definition":"Agreeing with; assenting to a statement or request.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"afirmativo","language_family":"latin","root":"affirmare","root_meaning":"to make firm, confirm, assert","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"affirmative","meaning":"expressing agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"affirmativus","meaning":"relating to affirmation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"affirmare","meaning":"to make firm, assert","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"firmare","meaning":"to strengthen, make firm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affirm","affirmation","confirm","firm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"positive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assenting","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consenting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"6110b093-3696-4b5d-abae-f9f86aac0f23","word":"afford","definition":"Have enough money to pay for; provide or supply (an opportunity or facility).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"afforcer","root_meaning":"to strengthen, to enforce","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"afford","meaning":"Be able to pay for; provide","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"afforcen","meaning":"To carry through, manage, be able","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"afforcer","meaning":"To strengthen, enforce, raise the price of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"To, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fortis","meaning":"Strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["force","fortress","effort","fortify","comfort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"fdb96fdd-5bf2-4181-b1cc-84748eef0152","word":"afloat","definition":"Floating on or in water without sinking; figuratively, remaining solvent or free from difficulty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flotian","root_meaning":"to float, swim","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"afloat","meaning":"floating on water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a-","meaning":"on, in (reduced form of 'on')","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"float","meaning":"to rest on the surface of water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flotian","meaning":"to float, swim","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*plew-","meaning":"to flow, float, swim","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["float","floating","flotsam","flotation","fleet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buoyant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"floating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adrift","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"01f1a9c2-aae0-4ebd-a1e7-a5f3dbd3be0c","word":"afraid","definition":"Feeling fear or anxiety; frightened.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"effraier","root_meaning":"to frighten, disturb","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ex- + *frag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"afraid","meaning":"Feeling fear or anxiety","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"effraier","meaning":"to frighten, disturb","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"exfridare","meaning":"to take out of peace","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fright","fear","frighten","frightful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scared","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fearful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terrified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehensive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"f0f80c33-1258-4c0f-8d60-1f77a1d9c1ef","word":"africa","definition":"The world's second-largest continent, located south of Europe and west of Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"África","language_family":"latin","root":"Afri-","root_meaning":"possibly from Berber 'afar' (dust) or Latin 'apricus' (sunny)","root_language":"uncertain, possibly Berber or Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Africa","meaning":"the African continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Africa","meaning":"Roman province and region","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Afri","meaning":"inhabitants of the region","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["African","Africana","Afro-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Dark Continent","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"the continent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"96f54b83-d1c7-44b0-a827-2769824fa516","word":"african","definition":"Relating to the continent of Africa or its people, languages, and cultures.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"africano","language_family":"latin","root":"Africanus","root_meaning":"of Africa","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"african","meaning":"relating to Africa or its people","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"African","meaning":"relating to Africa","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Africanus","meaning":"of Africa","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Africa","Africana","Africanism","Africanize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sub-Saharan","formality":"formal"},{"word":"continental","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"8af5dff0-7b22-4d57-9b93-efc5a956424c","word":"aft","definition":"At or toward the rear of a ship or vehicle.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æft","root_meaning":"behind; after","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aftaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aft","meaning":"at or toward the rear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English æft, æftan","meaning":"behind; after","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *aftaz","meaning":"behind; after","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["after","afterward","aftward","aftmost","astern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"after","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rearward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"3dfd2f9b-48f2-4c18-ba1f-e6e448fe2ef0","word":"after","definition":"Following in time; at a later point than something else.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æfter","root_meaning":"behind, afterwards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aft- (rear, behind)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"after","meaning":"following in time or space","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"after","meaning":"behind, afterwards","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"æfter","meaning":"rear, behind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aftermath","afternoon","afterword","aft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"following","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subsequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"later","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"5fa135d4-9659-4d6a-96c3-4d7f77375670","word":"afterlife","definition":"Existence believed to continue after death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"afterlife","meaning":"life after death","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"after","meaning":"after; behind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfter","meaning":"after; behind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aftar","meaning":"after; behind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h₂epo","meaning":"off; away","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"life","meaning":"life; existence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līf","meaning":"life; body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lībą","meaning":"life; body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leyp-","meaning":"to stick; remain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","lifetime","lifeless","lifelike","afterworld"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hereafter","formality":"literary"},{"word":"life after death","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eternal life","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"f29e065c-d537-42d0-bfcb-83ddbea50861","word":"afternoon","definition":"The time between noon and evening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æfternōn","root_meaning":"after noon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"afternoon","meaning":"The time between noon and evening.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfternōn","meaning":"after noon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfter","meaning":"after","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nōn","meaning":"noon (originally ninth hour)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["after","noon","forenoon","tonight","evening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"post-meridian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twilight","formality":"literary"},{"word":"eventide","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"0435b808-596b-4de6-8e52-4caa077f9bed","word":"afterward","definition":"At a later time; subsequently.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æfterweard","root_meaning":"afterward; following behind","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"afterward","meaning":"at a later time; subsequently","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfterweard","meaning":"afterward; following behind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfter","meaning":"after","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weard","meaning":"toward; direction","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["after","afterwards","afterword","afterwardness","backward","forward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"afterwards","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subsequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"later","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"a032b3f5-d8a0-46fe-a78a-57103006da91","word":"afterwards","definition":"At a later or subsequent time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æfterweardes","root_meaning":"in an after direction","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"afterwards","meaning":"At a later time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfterweardes","meaning":"in an after direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfter","meaning":"after","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weard","meaning":"towards, in the direction of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["after","backward","forward","onward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subsequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"later","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thereafter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"fa6e7660-8634-4657-b3f5-4a24c0890f5a","word":"again","definition":"One more time; once more; returning to a previous state or condition.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"agan","root_meaning":"back or again","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*agan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"again","meaning":"once more","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"agayn","meaning":"back or opposite direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agan","meaning":"back or against","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*agan-","meaning":"back or again","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["against","again","agape","agent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"once more","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"another time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"afresh","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"e33d35d1-4f22-4ba0-b01d-07f1811fe990","word":"against","definition":"In opposition to; contrary to.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"against","root_meaning":"against, opposed to","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gain-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"against","meaning":"in opposition to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"agen","meaning":"in front of, against","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ongegn","meaning":"toward, against","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["again","gain","against"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opposing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"versus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"counter to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"a01783e9-740b-4a09-a338-170eb3213c8f","word":"age","definition":"The length of time something has existed; a historical period.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"edad","language_family":"french","root":"aetatem","root_meaning":"period of life","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*aiw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*aiw-","meaning":"Vital force, life, long time.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"aetas","meaning":"Period of life, age.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aage","meaning":"Age.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"age","meaning":"Duration of life; an era.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"edad","meaning":"Age.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["aged","aging","middle-aged","eternal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"era","formality":"formal"},{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"epoch","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"adec5c61-6992-4003-8751-155967366009","word":"agencies","definition":"Plural of agency; organizations or businesses that provide specific services or act on behalf of others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agencia","language_family":"latin","root":"agentia","root_meaning":"action, agency","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agencies","meaning":"plural of agency","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"agency","meaning":"action of an agent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agentia","meaning":"action, agency","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agency","agent","agenda","agential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organizations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bureaus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"b3b3606c-b8f4-4f1e-910d-faf272ded3c4","word":"agency","definition":"A business or organization providing a particular service; or the capacity to act.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agencia","language_family":"latin","root":"agere","root_meaning":"to act, to do, to drive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agency","meaning":"organization providing service or capacity to act","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"agency","meaning":"the action or business of an agent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agens","meaning":"one who acts, agent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to act, to do, to drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agent","agile","agenda","agentive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bureau","formality":"formal"},{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"action","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"76aea78c-7ceb-4949-8576-14d50bb6212c","word":"agenda","definition":"A list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agenda","language_family":"latin","root":"agenda","root_meaning":"things to be done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agenda","meaning":"A list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"agenda","meaning":"things to be done (plural of agendum)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, drive, act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agent","action","enact","agile","transact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"program","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"dd3426c5-a159-4b03-97a7-4e5e8245edd2","word":"agent","definition":"A person or thing that takes an active role or produces a particular effect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agente","language_family":"latin","root":"agens","root_meaning":"doing, acting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag- (PIE for do, drive, lead)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agent","meaning":"one who acts or produces an effect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"agent","meaning":"one who acts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agens","meaning":"doing, acting","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agency","agenda","agile","actor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"representative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"actor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"ed8dfc9a-97a1-4463-a6c0-6f83d8b99a72","word":"agents","definition":"Persons or things that take action or produce effects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agentes","language_family":"latin","root":"agens","root_meaning":"doing, acting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag- (to drive, do)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agents","meaning":"ones who act or produce effects","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"agent","meaning":"one who acts or does","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agens","meaning":"doing, acting","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agent","agency","agile","agenda","agential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"actors","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representatives","formality":"formal"},{"word":"operators","formality":"technical"},{"word":"doers","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"1ad81efa-00a1-40e2-8e74-cc3ef708a0a1","word":"aggravate","definition":"To make a problem, pain, or situation worse.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"agravar","language_family":"latin","root":"gravis","root_meaning":"heavy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷreh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aggravate","meaning":"to make worse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aggravare","meaning":"to make heavy; worsen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + gravis","meaning":"to + heavy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravis","meaning":"heavy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aggravation","aggravated","aggravating","aggravator","gravity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worsen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exacerbate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inflame","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"b14e0a80-fbb8-4145-b09b-857487626d9d","word":"aggregate","definition":"A whole formed by combining several separate elements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agregado","language_family":"latin","root":"aggregare","root_meaning":"to add to a flock, assemble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*greg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aggregate","meaning":"A whole formed by combining several separate elements.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aggregare","meaning":"to add to a flock, assemble","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["congregation","egregious","gregarious","segregation","flock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"total","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mass","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"bf354681-220e-4020-a48a-b6d741ab6710","word":"aggression","definition":"Hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agresión","language_family":"latin","root":"aggressionem","root_meaning":"an attacking, an assault","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰredʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1610s","word":"aggression","meaning":"an unprovoked attack","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aggressionem","meaning":"an attacking, an assault","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aggredī","meaning":"to approach, attack","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gradī","meaning":"to step, walk","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aggressive","egress","regress","progress","graduate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hostility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belligerence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"478016f7-f694-4813-8162-21ff8c8db1c3","word":"aggressive","definition":"Ready or likely to attack or confront; characterized by hostile or forceful behavior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"agresivo","language_family":"latin","root":"aggredior","root_meaning":"to attack","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰredʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aggressive","meaning":"Ready to attack","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aggressivus","meaning":"disposed to attack","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aggredior","meaning":"to attack, to approach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gradī","meaning":"to step, walk","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*gʰredʰ-","meaning":"to walk, step","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aggression","gradual","grade","regress","progress","digress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hostile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confrontational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belligerent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assertive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"586317c9-7c6f-480e-b745-e696615b6b0a","word":"agitate","definition":"Agitate means to shake, disturb, or stir up emotionally, physically, or politically.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"agitar","language_family":"latin","root":"agitare","root_meaning":"to drive about; to stir up repeatedly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agitate","meaning":"to disturb or stir up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agitare","meaning":"to drive about, keep moving, stir up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, lead, do, act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agitation","agitated","agitating","agitator","agitant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disturb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provoke","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excite","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"34f9f889-60f5-4ba4-8850-cf92888cc67d","word":"ago","definition":"In the past; at a time earlier than now.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"agon","root_meaning":"passed or gone","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ago","meaning":"in the past","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ago","meaning":"passed away","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agon","meaning":"passed, gone","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agone","gone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"past","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"back","formality":"informal"},{"word":"previously","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"6db94eb2-ad60-41ee-a58e-651a0aa4f42d","word":"agony","definition":"Extreme physical or mental suffering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agonía","language_family":"greek","root":"agōnia","root_meaning":"a contest, struggle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"agōnía (ἀγωνία)","meaning":"A struggle, contest for a prize. From agōn (assembly, contest).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"agony","meaning":"Intense suffering or struggle.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"agonía","meaning":"Agony, death throes.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["agonize","agonizing","antagonist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"torment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anguish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suffering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"1d89f8f2-e44b-4d00-b73d-95b84a05e54f","word":"agree","definition":"To have the same opinion or accept a proposal.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"acordar","language_family":"french","root":"agreer","root_meaning":"to please, satisfy","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ad grātum","meaning":"To one's pleasure, agreeable.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"agreer","meaning":"To receive with favor, please.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"agree","meaning":"To be in harmony, concur.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"acordar","meaning":"To agree, resolve.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["agreement","agreeable","disagreement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concur","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"c430ce55-b357-4db2-b6db-a2ebff34183a","word":"agreed","definition":"Came to a mutual understanding; consented or concurred.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"acordado","language_family":"french","root":"agreer","root_meaning":"to please, suit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agreed","meaning":"reached mutual consent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"agree","meaning":"to accord, concur","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"agreer","meaning":"to please, suit","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agree","agreement","agreeable","disagreed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concurred","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consented","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assented","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accepted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"ba329fef-c14b-4793-86f2-3a78aff135ec","word":"agreement","definition":"The condition of having the same opinion or understanding; a contract or arrangement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acuerdo","language_family":"french","root":"agreer","root_meaning":"to agree","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agreement","meaning":"shared opinion or contract","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"agree","meaning":"to be in accord","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"agreer","meaning":"to agree","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agree","agreeable","agreed","agreeing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contract","formality":"formal"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"bf607ea6-1576-45ad-893a-13551dcbf440","word":"agricultural","definition":"Relating to agriculture, the science or practice of farming.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"agrícola","language_family":"latin","root":"ager","root_meaning":"field, land","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂éǵros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agricultural","meaning":"relating to farming","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"agriculture","meaning":"farming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agricultura","meaning":"tillage of the field","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ager","meaning":"field","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cultura","meaning":"cultivation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agriculture","agrarian","agronomy","cultivate","acreage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agrarian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cultivating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rustic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"d9ed2abb-ae17-4c9f-bd1d-b298d071b4f6","word":"agriculture","definition":"The science and practice of cultivating crops and raising livestock.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agricultura","language_family":"latin","root":"agricultura","root_meaning":"field cultivation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*agr- and *kul-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"agriculture","meaning":"cultivation of crops and livestock","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"agriculture","meaning":"farming, cultivation of land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agricultura","meaning":"field cultivation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ager + cultura","meaning":"field + cultivation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agricultural","agriculturalist","cultivate","culture","field"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"husbandry","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cultivation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"f83e9504-32d6-43d8-a1b7-b04574991e6e","word":"aha","definition":"Used as an exclamation of sudden recognition, discovery, or triumph.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aha","meaning":"exclamation of sudden recognition","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oh","ah","eureka"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eureka","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bingo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"voila","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"ffcb4778-8d06-4186-9793-bc1da565eb15","word":"ahead","definition":"In or at the front; forward in direction or position.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"a-head","root_meaning":"on the head","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ahead","meaning":"in front, forward","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ahead","meaning":"in front","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a- + head","meaning":"on the head, forward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["head","ahead-looking","get ahead","look ahead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in front","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"onward","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"c5da03dc-4c88-46c2-b6c9-d6d022d76dbd","word":"ahem","definition":"An interjection used to represent a slight cough or a sound to attract attention.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Onomatopoeic","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ahem","meaning":"sound to attract attention or represent a cough","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"ahem","meaning":"imitation of a clearing throat sound","children":[],"language":"English (onomatopoeic)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cough","hem","hum","clear throat","gasp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hmph","formality":"informal"},{"word":"excuse me","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"d1fe8519-bcbe-4e58-b0ea-1e669900925e","word":"ahh","definition":"An interjection expressing relief, relaxation, realization, or satisfaction.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ah","root_meaning":"natural exclamation of surprise or relief","root_language":"Old English / Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ach","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ahh","meaning":"exclamation of relief, realization, or satisfaction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ah","meaning":"exclamation of surprise or emotion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ah / ach","meaning":"natural vocal exclamation","children":[],"language":"Old English / Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ah","aah","ooh","oh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ah","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"aha","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"b71c7681-f077-4f0b-bce5-fcd684c11241","word":"ahold","definition":"In a state of holding; in possession or control of.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on holde","root_meaning":"in holding","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kald-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ahold","meaning":"in a state of holding","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"on holde","meaning":"in holding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"halda","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hold","holder","behold","uphold","withhold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grasped","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seized","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"controlled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"808b52c9-e544-4f82-9a73-3bc405bee0cd","word":"ahoy","definition":"Ahoy is a nautical call used to hail or greet someone, especially a person or ship.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hoy","root_meaning":"a cry used to attract attention","root_language":"Middle Dutch / Low German","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ahoy","meaning":"a nautical hail or greeting","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"hoy","meaning":"a cry used to attract attention","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch / Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoy","oy","hailing","hail","ahoying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hallo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hello","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yo-ho","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"b49ef19f-f697-4447-8e41-6e1ae85707f2","word":"aid","definition":"Help or support given to someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ayuda","language_family":"french","root":"aide","root_meaning":"help, assistance","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"adjūtāre","meaning":"To give help to, frequentative of adjuvāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aide","meaning":"Help, assistance, support.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"aid","meaning":"Help, support.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ayuda","meaning":"Help, aid.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["aide","aiding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assistance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"f74477ba-b6f4-4811-aab8-6dc36bb8b78f","word":"aide","definition":"An assistant, especially a military officer assigned to a senior officer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ayuda","language_family":"french","root":"aide","root_meaning":"help, assistance","root_language":"French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aide","meaning":"an assistant, especially a military assistant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aide","meaning":"aid; assistant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aid","meaning":"help; assistance","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aid","aider","aided","aiding","aide-de-camp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assistant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attendant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"9cdcdd1b-cbce-4590-b174-38a599740f47","word":"aids","definition":"Plural of aid; assistance or support, or the acronym for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ayuda","language_family":"french","root":"Old French aidier","root_meaning":"to help","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aids","meaning":"plural of aid; assistance or disease acronym","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"aid","meaning":"help, assistance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aidier","meaning":"to help","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adjutare","meaning":"to help","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aid","aide","aiding","aided","unaided"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assistance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relief","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"dcbbd837-21d4-43fa-90b3-b50a374b8786","word":"aim","definition":"A goal or objective that someone is trying to achieve or accomplish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"aestimare","root_meaning":"to estimate, to value","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aim","meaning":"goal, objective, or to point a weapon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aime","meaning":"to direct at a target, to estimate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimare","meaning":"to estimate, to value, to aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aimed","aiming","aimless","ambition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"objective","formality":"formal"},{"word":"purpose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"25e132da-7f1c-4b29-b914-a7d2a556883b","word":"ain","definition":"Dialectal or archaic contraction of 'am not' or 'are not', used in Scottish English and some dialects.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"am not","root_meaning":"negated first-person singular of 'to be'","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ain","meaning":"am not / are not (dialectal contraction)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"am not","meaning":"negated first-person singular copula","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eom / am","meaning":"first-person singular of 'to be'","children":[{"era":"pre-700","word":"*esmi","meaning":"I am","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English (dialectal)"},"related_words":["ain't","am","are","aren't","isn't"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ain't","formality":"informal"},{"word":"am not","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"are not","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"2917630c-5ff4-406e-905f-958583a340f5","word":"air","definition":"The invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth; the atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aire","language_family":"french","root":"aer","root_meaning":"air, atmosphere","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"500s BCE","proto_root":"*awer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*awer-","meaning":"To blow, to breathe.","children":[{"era":"500s BCE","word":"aer","meaning":"Air, atmosphere.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"aer","meaning":"Air.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"air","meaning":"The atmosphere.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"aire","meaning":"Air.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["airline","airway","fresh air","midair"],"synonyms":[{"word":"atmosphere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"breeze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"0ad7e87e-bb13-4af9-89ab-5b4c437b8eeb","word":"airborne","definition":"Carried in the air or by aircraft.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"airborne","meaning":"carried in the air or by aircraft","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"air","meaning":"the invisible gaseous substance surrounding Earth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aire","meaning":"air","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aer","meaning":"air; atmosphere","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"borne","meaning":"carried; transported","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bear","meaning":"carry; endure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beran","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["air","airlift","airmail","aerial","aircraft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aerial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aloft","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"50dd7ba2-61bb-4007-abeb-b5c937efda97","word":"airport","definition":"A facility where aircraft take off and land, equipped with runways and terminals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"air + port","root_meaning":"air space + harbor","root_language":"English compound","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"airport","meaning":"aircraft facility","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"air","meaning":"atmosphere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aer","meaning":"air","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"port","meaning":"harbor, haven","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portus","meaning":"harbor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["air","port","airfield","seaport"],"synonyms":[{"word":"airfield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aerodrome","formality":"formal"},{"word":"landing strip","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"b4a0e6c8-cf1b-4c22-9b9b-13155b35b667","word":"aisle","definition":"A passage between rows of seats in a building or between shelves of goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ala","language_family":"latin","root":"ala","root_meaning":"wing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aks-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aisle","meaning":"A passage between rows.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aile","meaning":"wing","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alar","alate","alley","island"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passageway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corridor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gangway","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"1f649719-f330-4b75-aa80-c39a7d1a8649","word":"ajay","definition":"A common given name of Indian origin, meaning 'unconquerable' or 'invincible.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ajaya","root_meaning":"unconquerable, invincible","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Ajay","meaning":"given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ajaya","meaning":"unconquerable","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jaya","Vijaya"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"f2f33d45-71ac-4940-9e41-5ed94259b800","word":"ala","definition":"A wing or a wing-like part.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ala","language_family":"latin","root":"ala","root_meaning":"wing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eḱ-sl-eh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ala","meaning":"wing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ala","meaning":"wing, armpit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alar","alate","aliform","aisle","axilla","alien"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appendage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flipper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"2b19f21e-834e-447b-87b3-57bbb084b42c","word":"alabama","definition":"A state in the southeastern United States, or a Native American people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Choctaw alba","root_meaning":"herb gatherers, grass pickers","root_language":"Choctaw","root_era":"pre-1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Alabama","meaning":"southeastern US state","children":[{"era":"1819","word":"Alabama","meaning":"place name","children":[{"era":"pre-1700s","word":"Alibamo","meaning":"herb gatherers","children":[],"language":"Choctaw"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Alabamian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Heart of Dixie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"US state","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"08e0d88e-81d0-4b36-8cf6-3a86900ab159","word":"alaska","definition":"A U.S. state located in northwestern North America, the largest state by area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Tlingit/Aleut","root_meaning":"great land","root_language":"Tlingit","root_era":"pre-1700","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Alaska","meaning":"U.S. state","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Alaska","meaning":"great land","children":[{"era":"pre-1700","word":"Alaxsxaq","meaning":"the great land, mainland","children":[],"language":"Tlingit/Aleut"}],"language":"Russian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Alaskan","Alaska Range"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Last Frontier","formality":"informal"},{"word":"the Great Land","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"9e435210-2b6e-479c-8986-17171a144251","word":"alba","definition":"A lyric poem, especially in medieval Provençal tradition, about lovers parting at dawn.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alba","language_family":"latin","root":"albus","root_meaning":"white","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂elbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alba","meaning":"a dawn poem","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alba","meaning":"dawn; a dawn song","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"albus","meaning":"white","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Occitan"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alb","albedo","albino","album","albescence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aubade","formality":"literary"},{"word":"tagelied","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dawn song","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"192a3345-6f50-4b4e-ba0b-787a193b74ea","word":"album","definition":"A collection of recordings or a book for storing photos and memorabilia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"álbum","language_family":"latin","root":"albus","root_meaning":"white","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"album","meaning":"collection of recordings or photos","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"album","meaning":"blank tablet, whitened surface","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"albus","meaning":"white","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["albums","albumen","albumin","white"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compilation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"06697183-32ba-4717-b52f-b42f31622f08","word":"alchemy","definition":"A medieval forerunner of chemistry concerned with turning base metals into gold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alquimia","language_family":"other","root":"al-kīmiyā","root_meaning":"the chemistry, the art of transformation","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"khēmia","meaning":"Art of transmuting metals.","children":[{"era":"~800 AD","word":"al-kīmiyā","meaning":"The art of transformation.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"alchimia","meaning":"Alchemy.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"alchemy","meaning":"Proto-chemistry.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"alquimia","meaning":"Alchemy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["alchemist","chemistry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chemistry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"transmutation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"b6ffa814-0745-4c47-8f51-c57890d6cb51","word":"alcohol","definition":"A colorless intoxicating liquid found in wine, beer, and spirits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alcohol","language_family":"other","root":"al-kuḥl","root_meaning":"the kohl, fine powder","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 AD","word":"al-kuḥl","meaning":"The kohl; fine powder used as eye makeup, later any refined substance.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alcohol","meaning":"Fine powder, essence.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"alcohol","meaning":"Distilled spirit.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"alcohol","meaning":"Alcohol.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["alcoholic","kohl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spirits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liquor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"booze","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"2d7ed614-6fef-4533-b351-716c132b4819","word":"ale","definition":"A type of beer brewed using a warm fermentation method, resulting in a sweet, full-bodied, and fruity taste.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ealu","root_meaning":"ale","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aluþ","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ale","meaning":"fermented malt beverage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ealu","meaning":"ale","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aluþ","meaning":"ale","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beer","brew","alcohol","liquor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"malt liquor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"c082d1e8-5ef8-4df4-bc1b-2d13e42cb0c7","word":"alert","definition":"Watchful and ready; quick to notice and respond to danger or opportunity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"alerta","language_family":"french","root":"à l'erte","root_meaning":"on the watch, to the lookout","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alert","meaning":"watchful and ready","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"alert","meaning":"watchful, on guard","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"à l'erte","meaning":"on the watch","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alertness","alertly","alerting","high alert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"watchful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aware","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigilant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"a943a798-5ce0-41b1-9018-527910d7858f","word":"algebra","definition":"The branch of mathematics using symbols to represent numbers and relations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"álgebra","language_family":"other","root":"al-jabr","root_meaning":"the reunion of broken parts","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 AD","word":"al-jabr","meaning":"The reunion of broken parts; from Al-Khwārizmī's treatise.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"algebra","meaning":"Bone-setting; mathematical restoration.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"algebra","meaning":"Mathematical system of symbols.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"álgebra","meaning":"Algebra.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["algebraic","algorithm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mathematics","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calculation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"622c3c57-769f-4756-b693-7e4f59115db7","word":"algorithm","definition":"A set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"algoritmo","language_family":"other","root":"algorismus","root_meaning":"system of numerical calculation","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"algorithm","meaning":"A set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"algorismus","meaning":"system of numerical calculation","children":[{"era":"9th century","word":"al-Khwarizmi","meaning":"name of a Persian mathematician","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["algebra","arithmetic","logarithm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"method","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"process","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"0cea7647-7fc0-4d80-b9dd-89813900779e","word":"alias","definition":"A false or assumed name, especially one used to conceal one's identity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alias","language_family":"latin","root":"alius","root_meaning":"other, another","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*alyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alias","meaning":"an assumed name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alias","meaning":"at another time, otherwise (adverb)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alius","meaning":"other, another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*alyo-","meaning":"other, another","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alien","alternate","alibi","alter ego","else"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pseudonym","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nom de guerre","formality":"literary"},{"word":"assumed name","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"430004c1-897a-4230-a9ce-5a9bd6c98f07","word":"alibi","definition":"A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act is alleged to have taken place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alibi","language_family":"latin","root":"alibī","root_meaning":"elsewhere","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alibi","meaning":"A claim or evidence of being elsewhere.","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"alibi","meaning":"A plea of being elsewhere.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alibī","meaning":"elsewhere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alius","meaning":"other","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alien","alias","alter","alternative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"defense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plea","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"36b8c962-1e00-427e-ba3a-d6d093ddc7a3","word":"alien","definition":"Belonging to a foreign country or nation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ajeno","language_family":"latin","root":"alienus","root_meaning":"of or belonging to another, foreign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alien","meaning":"Belonging to a foreign country or nation.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alienus","meaning":"of or belonging to another, foreign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alienate","alienation","alienee","allochthonous","alienage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foreign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraterrestrial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"ee44862a-dfb4-4b7a-a0f1-2da1770a0fda","word":"align","definition":"To place or arrange in a straight line or in correct relative positions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"alinear","language_family":"french","root":"ligne","root_meaning":"line","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*linā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"align","meaning":"To place or arrange in a straight line or in correct relative positions.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aligner","meaning":"to set in a line (from à 'to' + ligne 'line')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linea","meaning":"linen thread, line","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["line","linear","alignment","delineate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"straighten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"24d5df67-1cec-48b8-8837-f40f3ac3933d","word":"alignment","definition":"The state of being arranged in a straight line or in correct relative positions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alineamiento","language_family":"french","root":"linea","root_meaning":"line, thread","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alignment","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alignement","meaning":"a placing in line","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alignier","meaning":"to put in line","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"à","meaning":"to, at","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ligne","meaning":"line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linea","meaning":"line, thread","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["line","linear","align","linger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positioning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orientation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"62509ab2-c62c-4c57-9a36-d507c3eb9266","word":"alike","definition":"In a similar way or to the same extent.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"an līc","root_meaning":"like, similar","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alike","meaning":"In a similar way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"an līc","meaning":"like, similar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"an-","meaning":"on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līc","meaning":"body, like","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*līką","meaning":"body, shape","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","likeness","unlike","likely","liken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"similar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"identical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equally","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"f7446d94-426b-43aa-aa92-99955322ebf3","word":"alimony","definition":"A court-ordered payment one spouse makes to the other after separation or divorce.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alimento","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin alō","root_meaning":"to nourish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂el-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alimony","meaning":"court-ordered support paid after separation or divorce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin alimōnia","meaning":"food, support, nourishment, sustenance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin alō","meaning":"to nourish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aliment","alimentary","alimentation","alimental"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maintenance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spousal support","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"8078c98d-2877-4065-bd0d-146d9b229f19","word":"alive","definition":"Living, not dead; in existence or operation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on līfe","root_meaning":"in life","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alive","meaning":"living","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on līfe","meaning":"in life","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līf","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","live","lively","lifelike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"living","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"existent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"active","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"8e871313-fd63-4867-91f0-d0c739da3002","word":"all","definition":"Determiner or pronoun indicating every one of a group or the whole quantity without exception.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"all","root_meaning":"all, entirely","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"all","meaning":"every one, entire quantity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all","meaning":"all, entirely, the whole","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*all","meaning":"all","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["already","also","altogether","altogether"],"synonyms":[{"word":"every","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"total","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"508376e4-79a8-40a3-8b92-62c0dc9c69c4","word":"allegation","definition":"A claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically made without proof.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alegación","language_family":"french","root":"allegare","root_meaning":"to send for, allege","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allegation","meaning":"unproven claim","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"allegation","meaning":"affirmation in court","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"allegatio","meaning":"a sending forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"allegare","meaning":"to send for, allege","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"legare","meaning":"to depute, send","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allege","delegate","legal","legacy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"claim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assertion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"9733ccc2-5076-4252-b1f0-4845557f17f0","word":"allege","definition":"To claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof that this is the case.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"alegar","language_family":"french","root":"alegier","root_meaning":"to bring forward (in a lawsuit)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ad- + *leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allege","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alegier","meaning":"to bring forward, produce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"allegare","meaning":"to dispatch, mention, cite","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allegation","legible","delegate","legal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"claim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"declare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"19f8f46b-0648-4e6e-abdb-387232252e15","word":"allegedly","definition":"Allegedly means purportedly or according to an unverified claim.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"alegar","language_family":"latin","root":"allēgāre","root_meaning":"to cite, adduce, or put forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allegedly","meaning":"as is claimed without proof","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"alleged","meaning":"asserted without proof","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"allege","meaning":"to cite or assert as true","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"allēgāre","meaning":"to cite, adduce, or put forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + legare","meaning":"to send to; to dispatch with a commission","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allege","alleged","allegation","allegiant","legation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supposedly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purportedly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reportedly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"ee114cb7-d8a2-4e64-a70a-12cbbec263de","word":"allegiance","definition":"Loyalty or commitment to a person, group, or cause.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"lige","root_meaning":"liege; loyal vassal or subject","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allegiance","meaning":"loyalty or commitment","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"Middle English alegiaunce","meaning":"loyalty of a liege-servant to a lord","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Anglo-Norman alegaunce","meaning":"loyalty of a liege-servant to a lord","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French ligeance","meaning":"liege loyalty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lige","meaning":"liege; vassal; loyal subject","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allegiant","allegiances","liege","liegeman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loyalty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fidelity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fealty","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"e3b7c960-ea5e-45e1-827a-4d11a4bbaf68","word":"allergic","definition":"Having an allergy; showing an abnormal immune response to certain substances.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"alérgico","language_family":"greek","root":"allos","root_meaning":"other, different","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allergic","meaning":"Having an allergy; showing an abnormal immune response to certain substances","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"Allergie","meaning":"allergy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"allos","meaning":"other, different","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"ergon","meaning":"work, reaction","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allergy","allergist","anaphylaxis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hypersensitive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"reactive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensitive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"f15c3eeb-d906-4938-b780-d25bde2bde87","word":"allergy","definition":"A damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially pollen, fur, a particular food, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alergia","language_family":"greek","root":"allos + ergon","root_meaning":"other, different + work, action","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1906 (coined)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allergy","meaning":"immune hypersensitivity","children":[{"era":"1906","word":"Allergie","meaning":"allergy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"allos","meaning":"other, different","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"ergon","meaning":"work, action, reaction","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allergic","allergen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hypersensitivity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sensitivity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intolerance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"e8aeb23a-426c-42fd-886d-a8149d24c361","word":"allocation","definition":"The action or process of distributing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asignación","language_family":"latin","root":"allocare","root_meaning":"to place, to locate","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allocation","meaning":"the act of allocating","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"allocate","meaning":"to distribute for a particular purpose","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"allocare","meaning":"to place, to locate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"locus","meaning":"place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allocate","local","location","locale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assignment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distribution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allotment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"30ef724a-8460-4b27-af8c-2a0314bdbc6d","word":"allow","definition":"To give permission for something to happen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"permitir","language_family":"french","root":"alouer","root_meaning":"to approve, grant","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"allaudāre","meaning":"To praise, approve, from ad + laudāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"alouer","meaning":"To approve, grant, place.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"allow","meaning":"To permit, let.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"permitir","meaning":"To allow, permit.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["allowance","allowable","disallow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"let","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"0e73b02d-23f5-4a04-bf84-940fd23c883a","word":"allowance","definition":"A sum of money paid regularly to a person, often for living expenses or as a given portion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"allouer","root_meaning":"to allot, assign","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allowance","meaning":"money or something given regularly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alouance","meaning":"allotment, permission","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alouer","meaning":"to allot, assign, praise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"allocare","meaning":"to place, allot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"locare","meaning":"to place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allow","allocate","disallow","location","locomotion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stipend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pocket money","formality":"informal"},{"word":"grant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"e5fee391-d247-404c-91e5-29de6df1a630","word":"allowed","definition":"Permitted or granted permission to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aludir","language_family":"french","root":"alloer","root_meaning":"to allot, assign","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allowed","meaning":"permitted","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"allow","meaning":"to grant, permit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alloer","meaning":"to allot, assign","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allow","allowance","allowable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permitted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authorized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"approved","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"18b82731-ab0a-4d05-b6a9-3006b66e9731","word":"allows","definition":"Permits something to happen or be done; gives permission for.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aloja","language_family":"french","root":"allouer","root_meaning":"to allot; to assign","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"allows","meaning":"permits something to happen","children":[{"era":"current","word":"allow","meaning":"to permit","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"allouen","meaning":"to allot; to assign","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"allouer","meaning":"to allot; to assign","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allow","allowed","allowance","allowable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permits","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enables","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lets","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"43bd1564-b760-4d6e-b245-aae58674d3bb","word":"alma","definition":"Nourishing, especially in 'alma mater' referring to one's former university.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"alma","language_family":"latin","root":"almus","root_meaning":"nourishing, kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alma","meaning":"nourishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"almus","meaning":"nourishing, kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aliment","alumnus","alumna","nourish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fostering","formality":"literary"},{"word":"nurturing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"8ab13e7c-1170-47c3-8852-f94628b58e88","word":"almighty","definition":"Having absolute power, typically referring to God.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ealmihtig","root_meaning":"all-powerful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"almighty","meaning":"having absolute power","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ealmihtig","meaning":"all-powerful","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["might","all","powerful","omnipotent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"omnipotent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supreme","formality":"formal"},{"word":"divine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"3854eb89-ef34-4983-a8cf-d931b48b3fdf","word":"almond","definition":"An almond is the edible seed of the almond tree.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"almendra","language_family":"french","root":"amygdálē","root_meaning":"almond","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"almond","meaning":"the edible seed of the almond tree","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"amande","meaning":"almond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amygdala","meaning":"almond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amygdálē","meaning":"almond","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amygdala","amygdalin","amygdaloid","almondine","amandel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kernel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"c0cb5181-9687-48ba-992b-9bdb403cbc7d","word":"almost","definition":"Very nearly; all but; not quite.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"casi","language_family":"germanic","root":"almaest","root_meaning":"entirely, wholly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"almost","meaning":"very nearly","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"almaest","meaning":"entirely, wholly","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"all","meaning":"entire, whole","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["all","most"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nearly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approximately","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"3526550c-e921-40d8-b673-03146e6e49c1","word":"alone","definition":"Without anyone or anything else; solitary or unaccompanied.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"al + one","root_meaning":"all + one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*al-wan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alone","meaning":"without companions, solitary","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"alone","meaning":"wholly one, solitary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"all one","meaning":"all + one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all","meaning":"all, whole","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"one","meaning":"single, one","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lone","lonely","lonesome","aloneness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solitary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unaccompanied","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lonely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"899f63b8-51bc-40a2-b618-bbc130f56572","word":"along","definition":"By the length of something; together with or in company with.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"a + long","root_meaning":"throughout the length of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"along","meaning":"throughout the length of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"andlang","meaning":"at length, along","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},"related_words":["alongside","alongshore","along with"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alongside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"by","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"with","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"0cc9caa6-bff8-45b8-9797-be219fa514bd","word":"alongside","definition":"At, by, or to the side of; in conjunction with; at the same time as.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"long","root_meaning":"long","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*langaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alongside","meaning":"by the side of","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"along side","meaning":"by the side of","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"along","meaning":"on the long side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"andlang","meaning":"all along","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lang","meaning":"long","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"side","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beside","next to","with","along"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"next to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concurrently","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"f4e817ec-cde7-4ed2-b2de-6b3b38861519","word":"aloud","definition":"In a manner that can be heard; not silently.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aloud","meaning":"in a manner that can be heard","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"aloude","meaning":"loudly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlūd","meaning":"loud","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loud","loudly","loudness","out loud"],"synonyms":[{"word":"audibly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vocally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"out loud","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"d2f8bd99-ec92-4605-969d-98912944f8d8","word":"alp","definition":"An alp is a high, snow-capped mountain, especially in Switzerland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Alpes","root_meaning":"the Alps; a mountain range","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alp","meaning":"a high, snow-capped mountain, especially in Switzerland","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Alps","meaning":"the Alpine mountain range","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Alpes","meaning":"the Alps; the mountain range","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Alps","Alpine","alpenhorn","alpenglow","alpenstock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mountain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"summit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"a54cf294-271e-4626-8daf-aae45436ee83","word":"alpha","definition":"The first letter of the Greek alphabet; the first or most dominant member of a group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alfa","language_family":"greek","root":"alpha","root_meaning":"first letter","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alpha","meaning":"first Greek letter or dominant entity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alpha","meaning":"first Greek letter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἄλφα","meaning":"first letter of alphabet","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alphabet","alphabetic","alphabetical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"first","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beginning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dominant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"16bb28ca-ae05-4afa-8d95-752a3239c396","word":"alphabet","definition":"Alphabet is a system of writing made up of letters representing sounds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alfabeto","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos)","root_meaning":"alpha and beta, the first two Greek letters","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alphabet","meaning":"a system of writing with letters","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alphabet","meaning":"a letter system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Late Latin alphabetum","meaning":"alphabet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos)","meaning":"alpha and beta","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alpha + beta","meaning":"the first two Greek letters","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alphabetic","alphabetical","alphabetize","alphabetization","alphabetized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abecedary","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"abecedarium","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ABC","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"eebaa1e8-b230-46a2-bf10-e2feeddc55fe","word":"alphabetical","definition":"Arranged in the order of the letters of the alphabet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"alfabético","language_family":"greek","root":"alphabetos","root_meaning":"alphabet","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alphabetical","meaning":"related to the alphabet","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"alphabet","meaning":"system of letters","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"alphabetum","meaning":"alphabet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alphabetos","meaning":"alphabet (from alpha + beta)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alphabet","alphabetic","alphanumeric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ordered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sequential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lexical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"cf7ff881-696d-4dfe-8dee-596c8bbf0a53","word":"alpine","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of high mountains, especially the Alps.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"alpino","language_family":"latin","root":"Alpes","root_meaning":"The Alps","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alpine","meaning":"relating to high mountains","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"alpin","meaning":"of the Alps","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Alpinus","meaning":"of the Alps","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Alpes","meaning":"the Alps","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Alps","Alpinist","Alpinism","mountain","subalpine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mountainous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"high-altitude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"1c823cb5-318c-45a4-a499-0c1854100cbe","word":"already","definition":"Before or by now; previously or in the past.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"ya","language_family":"germanic","root":"all","root_meaning":"all or completely","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"already","meaning":"by now; before","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"already","meaning":"completely ready","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all ready","meaning":"completely prepared","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all","meaning":"completely","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ready","meaning":"prepared","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["all","ready","altogether","almost","always"],"synonyms":[{"word":"previously","formality":"formal"},{"word":"before","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"by now","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formerly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"e735c4de-68b1-4f90-903d-59b72a2b1957","word":"alright","definition":"All right; acceptable; satisfactory.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"all right","root_meaning":"completely correct or satisfactory","root_language":"English","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alright","meaning":"all right; acceptable","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"all right","meaning":"completely correct or satisfactory","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["right","all","all-right"],"synonyms":[{"word":"okay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satisfactory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"866997ba-342a-41a3-85f8-2bf51c813507","word":"also","definition":"In addition; furthermore; as well.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eall","root_meaning":"all","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"also","meaning":"in addition","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ealswa","meaning":"all so, likewise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eall + swa","meaning":"all + so","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["all","so","as well","likewise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"too","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"as well","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furthermore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"besides","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"f426e430-df7d-4379-836f-9c43505ba7fa","word":"altar","definition":"A raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"altar","language_family":"latin","root":"altārium","root_meaning":"high place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"altar","meaning":"raised structure for sacrifices","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"alter","meaning":"altar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"altare","meaning":"altar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"altus","meaning":"high","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["altitude","exalt","alto","altruism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shrine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanctuary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sacrarium","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"0b47b854-44d5-4fe3-a93e-385d17d9768d","word":"alter","definition":"To change or cause to change in character, appearance, or composition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"alterar","language_family":"latin","root":"alterare","root_meaning":"to change, make otherwise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alter","meaning":"to change","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alterare","meaning":"to change, make otherwise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alter","meaning":"other","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alternate","alteration","alternative","altruism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"2fd98044-21f7-48ee-a4c1-45a3cbb15179","word":"alternate","definition":"To occur or cause to occur by turns; to change repeatedly between two states or actions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"alternar","language_family":"latin","root":"alternare","root_meaning":"to do by turns","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alternate","meaning":"to occur by turns","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alternātus","meaning":"done by turns (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alternāre","meaning":"to do by turns","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alter","meaning":"the other (of two)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alternative","alternation","interchangeably","alternately","unalternate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interchange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rotate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fluctuate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"3000dde6-7a97-48df-bbb8-f82d4b4bb560","word":"alternative","definition":"Available as another possibility or choice; one of two or more available options.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"alternativa","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin alternus","root_meaning":"every other, alternate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alternative","meaning":"another choice","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"alternatif","meaning":"offering choice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alternus","meaning":"every other","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*al-","meaning":"other","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alternate","alternation","alternatively","altercation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"option","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substitute","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"666e4d88-0d59-4f1f-a941-2f1e66b6fff2","word":"although","definition":"A conjunction used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict what has already been said.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"all + though","root_meaning":"completely + however","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"although","meaning":"despite the fact that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all","meaning":"completely, wholly","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"though","meaning":"however, yet","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"þeah","meaning":"however","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["though","all","however","despite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"though","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"even though","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"despite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"d0e1d99f-e861-42a7-a38e-1e02d5677636","word":"altitude","definition":"The height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"altitud","language_family":"latin","root":"altitudo","root_meaning":"height, depth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eldʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"altitude","meaning":"height","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"altitude","meaning":"height","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"altitudo","meaning":"height, depth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"altus","meaning":"high, deep","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alto","altar","exalt","alumnus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"height","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loftiness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"7341114d-901b-4fe2-a6bc-94fb0e0202a6","word":"alto","definition":"The lowest female singing voice or highest male singing voice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alto","language_family":"latin","root":"altus","root_meaning":"high, deep","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂el-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alto","meaning":"singing voice","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"alto","meaning":"high","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"altus","meaning":"high, deep","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["altitude","exalt","altimeter","contralto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contralto","formality":"technical"},{"word":"treble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"high-pitched","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"3a91fd0c-76b8-480b-b156-70df1223baea","word":"altogether","definition":"Completely; entirely.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eall + tōgædere","root_meaning":"all + together","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"altogether","meaning":"completely, entirely","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"al togedere","meaning":"all together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eall","meaning":"all","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*al-","meaning":"all","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tōgædere","meaning":"together","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*gaduria-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["all","together","gather","assembly","altogethertogether"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entirely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"completely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wholly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"dc7b19e4-3ad6-4ded-a37c-b2edaba878ad","word":"aluminium","definition":"A silvery-white, lightweight metallic element, atomic number 13 (British spelling).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aluminio","language_family":"latin","root":"alumen","root_meaning":"alum","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aluminium","meaning":"a metallic element","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"alum","meaning":"compound used as astringent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alumen","meaning":"alum","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ium","meaning":"suffix for metallic elements","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alum","alumina","aluminum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aluminum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"light metal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"8b569569-1da0-4588-b75f-a344402eb4b8","word":"aluminum","definition":"A lightweight, silvery-white metallic element, atomic number 13, widely used in industry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aluminio","language_family":"latin","root":"alumen","root_meaning":"alum","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical Latin","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aluminum","meaning":"A lightweight, silvery-white metallic element","children":[{"era":"1812","word":"aluminum","meaning":"name given by Humphry Davy","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"alumina","meaning":"the oxide of aluminium","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"alumen","meaning":"alum","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"English (coined)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aluminium","alumina","alum","aluminous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Al","formality":"technical"},{"word":"light metal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"c29b6207-49b3-4c8e-a96e-3b114f68da1c","word":"alumnus","definition":"A graduate or former student of a particular school, college, or university.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alumno","language_family":"latin","root":"alere","root_meaning":"to nourish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"alumnus","meaning":"A graduate or former student","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alumnus","meaning":"foster son, pupil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alere","meaning":"to nourish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alumna","alumni","alumnae","aliment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"graduate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"former student","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"old boy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"11566055-8a15-4ee3-b886-77ac617ce7ce","word":"always","definition":"At all times; on every occasion; continuously or perpetually.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"all ways","root_meaning":"all (ways)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"always","meaning":"at all times","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alweys","meaning":"in all ways","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all","meaning":"wholly, entire","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ways","meaning":"manner, direction","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["all","way","always","alway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"constantly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"perpetually","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ever","formality":"literary"},{"word":"forever","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"e7304968-df61-4614-81c4-6fb9ad827d52","word":"amateur","definition":"A person who engages in an activity without professional training or for pleasure rather than payment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amateur","language_family":"french","root":"amare","root_meaning":"to love","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂em-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amateur","meaning":"unpaid enthusiast","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"amateur","meaning":"lover of art or science","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amare","meaning":"to love","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amator","amateurish","amour","amity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enthusiast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"novice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dilettante","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"1ff145a7-967f-4a01-a347-82c300bf3d91","word":"amaze","definition":"To surprise someone greatly; astonish.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"amasian","root_meaning":"to confound, confuse, astound","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amaze","meaning":"to surprise greatly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"amasian","meaning":"to bewilder, perplex","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maze","amazing","amazement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"astonish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surprise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stun","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"ffd74b3b-0fe5-44d1-9295-a9226cd23541","word":"amazing","definition":"Causing great surprise or wonder; astonishing or impressive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"amazante","language_family":"germanic","root":"amaze","root_meaning":"to stupefy or bewilder","root_language":"English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amazing","meaning":"causing surprise or wonder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"amaze","meaning":"to perplex or stupefy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"amazen","meaning":"to bewilder","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maze","meaning":"to confuse or perplex","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a-","meaning":"intensive prefix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amaze","amazement","amazed","maze","amazement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"astonishing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"astounding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wonderful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"1ec54dc0-15fe-4e13-a731-7ba208204626","word":"amazon","definition":"A tall, strong woman, or a river in South America; from Greek mythology.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amazona","language_family":"greek","root":"amazones","root_meaning":"women warriors without breasts","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amazon","meaning":"tall strong woman or mythical warrior","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"amazon","meaning":"mythical female warrior","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amazones","meaning":"women warriors","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amazonian","amazonite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warrior woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigorous woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"female fighter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"d9117016-a47d-477c-a981-e585396b09a1","word":"ambient","definition":"Relating to the immediate surroundings of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ambiente","language_family":"latin","root":"ambire","root_meaning":"to go around","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ambhi-, *ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ambient","meaning":"surrounding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambiens","meaning":"going around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambire","meaning":"to go around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amb-","meaning":"around","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ire","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ambition","ambience","ambiance","itinerant","circumambient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surrounding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enveloping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atmospheric","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"032ddaad-13b8-404e-86c4-0e99b5c1335e","word":"ambition","definition":"A strong desire to do or achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ambición","language_family":"latin","root":"ambitio","root_meaning":"a going around, especially to solicit votes","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂emt-i-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ambition","meaning":"strong desire to achieve","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ambition","meaning":"a desire for power","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambitio","meaning":"a going around, canvassing for votes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambi-","meaning":"around","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ire","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ambitious","ambidextrous","ambient","itinerary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aspiration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"zeal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"c725bcb1-5d88-42c7-afbf-02242715dbcf","word":"ambitious","definition":"Having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ambicioso","language_family":"latin","root":"ambitio","root_meaning":"a going about to solicit votes; desire for honor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ambhi-, *ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ambitious","meaning":"Having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ambicios","meaning":"eagerly desirous of honor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambitiosus","meaning":"seeking favor, courting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambitio","meaning":"a going about to solicit votes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambire","meaning":"to go around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amb-","meaning":"around","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*ambhi-","meaning":"around","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ire","meaning":"to go","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*ei-","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ambition","ambit","ambience","circuit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"driven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aspiring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"determined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eager","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"885f21d8-0167-4ed4-a045-dc22273c9c55","word":"ambulance","definition":"A vehicle equipped to transport sick or injured people to and from hospital.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ambulancia","language_family":"french","root":"ambulare","root_meaning":"to walk, to go about","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ambhi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ambulance","meaning":"emergency medical transport vehicle","children":[{"era":"early 1800s","word":"ambulance","meaning":"field hospital, mobile military hospital","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"hôpital ambulant","meaning":"walking/mobile hospital (Napoleonic military usage)","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"ambulant","meaning":"moving about, itinerant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambulare","meaning":"to walk, to go about","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amble","ambulate","ambulatory","perambulate","preamble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emergency vehicle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rescue unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"meat wagon","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"b9c0f9cc-7b80-4178-950f-f4c7036069a1","word":"ambush","definition":"A surprise attack by people lying in wait in a concealed position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emboscada","language_family":"french","root":"embuschier","root_meaning":"to place in a bush, to set a trap","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ambush","meaning":"A surprise attack by people lying in wait in a concealed position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"embush","meaning":"to place in a bush, to conceal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"bosc","meaning":"wood, bush","children":[{"era":"400s-800s","word":"*imboscāre","meaning":"to put into a wood","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bush","forest","ambushment","lurk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surprise attack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"66f2aa66-154e-444e-997e-5eeaf39c71d6","word":"amen","definition":"A solemn expression of affirmation or approval used at the end of a prayer or statement of faith.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"amén","language_family":"other","root":"ʾāmēn","root_meaning":"so be it, truly, verily","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amen","meaning":"so be it (liturgical affirmation)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amen","meaning":"truly, so be it","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ʾāmēn","meaning":"truly, certainly, so be it","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"ʾāman","meaning":"to be firm, reliable, true","children":[],"language":"Proto-Semitic"}],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Latin / Greek ἀμήν"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amenable","amen corner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"so be it","formality":"formal"},{"word":"verily","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"truly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"6046c0c7-712c-49fa-b178-786940cad97c","word":"amend","definition":"To make minor changes to a text, piece of legislation, etc., in order to make it fairer or more accurate, or to improve it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"enmendar","language_family":"latin","root":"emendare","root_meaning":"to correct, free from fault","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amend","meaning":"to change for the better","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"amender","meaning":"to correct, improve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emendare","meaning":"to free from fault, correct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mendum","meaning":"fault, blemish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amendment","emend","mend","correction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"733e1e47-c202-45e3-8962-132dd33aa825","word":"amendment","definition":"a change or modification made to a law, document, or constitution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enmienda","language_family":"latin","root":"amendare","root_meaning":"to correct, improve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amendment","meaning":"a change or modification","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"amendment","meaning":"correction, improvement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"amender","meaning":"to correct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amendare","meaning":"to correct, improve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amend","amended","amending","amendable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"modification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alteration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"75a1711e-f3be-4bee-8c2b-f493decb2f49","word":"amenity","definition":"A desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amenidad","language_family":"latin","root":"amoenitas","root_meaning":"pleasantness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amenity","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"aménité","meaning":"pleasantness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amoenitas","meaning":"pleasantness, delightfulness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amoenus","meaning":"pleasant, delightful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amiable","amicable","enamored","amorous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convenience","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleasantry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facility","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"4368ec3c-a43d-4a19-ac26-2a514cb63432","word":"america","definition":"A continent in the Western Hemisphere, or the United States of America.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"América","language_family":"other","root":"Amerigo","root_meaning":"derived from Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"America","meaning":"Western Hemisphere continents or United States","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"America","meaning":"named after Amerigo Vespucci","children":[{"era":"1450s","word":"Amerigo","meaning":"proper name of Vespucci","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["American","Americas","North America","South America"],"synonyms":[{"word":"New World","formality":"historical"},{"word":"Western Hemisphere","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.972Z"}
{"id":"cf48f342-e2a4-49ec-b26f-5f11a1a6c764","word":"american","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of the United States of America or its people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"americano","language_family":"other","root":"America","root_meaning":"the continents of North and South America","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"american","meaning":"relating to America or the USA","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"America","meaning":"the New World continents","children":[{"era":"1450s","word":"Amerigo","meaning":"personal name (Amerigo Vespucci)","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["America","Americanize","Americanism","Americanist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"US","formality":"informal"},{"word":"United States","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Yankee","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"ce0508e8-d776-4b44-b3ed-13a0a14e68f7","word":"americans","definition":"People from the United States of America, or people from the continents of North or South America.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"americanos","language_family":"other","root":"Amerigo","root_meaning":"proper name of Amerigo Vespucci","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"americans","meaning":"inhabitants of America","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"american","meaning":"of or relating to America","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"America","meaning":"the continents named after Amerigo Vespucci","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Amerigo","meaning":"proper name, Germanic origin","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["American","America","Amerigo","American"],"synonyms":[{"word":"US citizens","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Yankees","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Americans","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"2adbe054-8d76-4df0-825f-49ce6e84c371","word":"amigo","definition":"A friend, especially a male friend.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amigo","language_family":"latin","root":"amicus","root_meaning":"friend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*amh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amigo","meaning":"friend","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"amigo","meaning":"friend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amicus","meaning":"friend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amare","meaning":"to love","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["friend","pal","buddy","compadre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"friend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pal","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"ea53f51e-8ceb-4bc6-8af2-07fa9a12a019","word":"amino","definition":"Pertaining to or containing an amine group, a derivative of ammonia.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"amino","language_family":"greek","root":"ammonia","root_meaning":"related to ammonia","root_language":"Modern Latin","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amino","meaning":"related to an amine group","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"ammonia","meaning":"chemical substance","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Hammon","meaning":"Ammon (Egyptian god near whose temple sal ammoniac was found)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ammonia","ammonite","ammonium","amide","amine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nitrogenous","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ammoniacal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"aminic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"amine-containing","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"f312a600-60ff-4cf4-899a-3064622d48d3","word":"amnesia","definition":"Amnesia is a partial or total loss of memory.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amnesia","language_family":"greek","root":"amnēsia","root_meaning":"forgetfulness","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amnesia","meaning":"loss of memory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ancient Greek amnēsia","meaning":"forgetfulness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"a-","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"mnēsis","meaning":"remembrance","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *men-","meaning":"think, remember","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amnesiac","amnestic","amnesty","amnestic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"memory loss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forgetfulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oblivion","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"a79c85bb-720b-4341-a46a-c3083ca33ebb","word":"amnesty","definition":"A general pardon that forgives a group of offenses or offenders.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amnistía","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀμνηστία","root_meaning":"forgetfulness; pardon","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amnesty","meaning":"a general pardon that forgives a group of offenses or offenders","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"amnestie","meaning":"pardon; forgetfulness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amnistia","meaning":"forgetfulness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀμνηστία","meaning":"forgetfulness; pardon","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amnestied","amnesties","amnestying","amnestical","amnestic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pardon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clemency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forgiveness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"438a6ac7-d571-4ad2-9f0c-db5497d9178e","word":"among","definition":"In the middle of or surrounded by; within a group.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on + gemang","root_meaning":"in a crowd, in a multitude","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"among","meaning":"in a crowd or group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on-gemang","meaning":"in a crowd, in the midst","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},"related_words":["amongst","amongst them"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"between","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"within","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"fbf1c1f1-4da4-40a7-84bb-986f94885aef","word":"amongst","definition":"In the middle of or surrounded by other people or things.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on mang ges","root_meaning":"among the crowds","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amongst","meaning":"in the middle of","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"among","meaning":"in the middle of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on mang ges","meaning":"among the crowds","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["among","mingle","monger","mixed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"among","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amidst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surrounded by","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"26cb947d-5ec2-4994-b4b1-525af25ef96b","word":"amount","definition":"A quantity of something or to total in number or quantity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cantidad","language_family":"latin","root":"amountare","root_meaning":"to sum up","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amount","meaning":"quantity","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"amount","meaning":"quantity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"amountare","meaning":"sum up","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amounts","amounted","amounting","count"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quantity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"total","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"038a141b-055b-496f-894a-d390ebb31fce","word":"amounts","definition":"Quantities or totals of something, or comes to a specified total.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"montos","language_family":"french","root":"amount","root_meaning":"to sum up or total","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amounts","meaning":"quantities or totals","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"amount","meaning":"to sum up or total","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"amount","meaning":"to sum, total","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"a monte","meaning":"upward, to the mount","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amount","amounting","amounted","mounting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quantities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"totals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sums","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"volumes","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"015ff83e-3c70-4781-9df1-905fa34d9d9e","word":"ample","definition":"Large enough to be more than sufficient, or spacious in extent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"amplio","language_family":"latin","root":"amplus","root_meaning":"large, spacious","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ample","meaning":"large enough; abundant","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ample","meaning":"ample, sufficient","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ample","meaning":"ample, large","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amplus","meaning":"large, spacious","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amplify","amplification","amplitude","ampleness","amplifier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abundant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"copious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spacious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"4a8b105f-f2db-4f7d-b514-0b1ea54596c7","word":"amplifier","definition":"An electronic device for increasing the amplitude of electrical signals, used in sound reproduction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amplificador","language_family":"latin","root":"amplus + facere","root_meaning":"to make large","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ampleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amplifier","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"amplify","meaning":"to enlarge, expand","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"amplifier","meaning":"to enlarge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amplificare","meaning":"to enlarge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amplus","meaning":"large, spacious","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ample","amplitude","amplify","magnificent","faculty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"booster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnifier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expander","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"849272c5-841d-43ec-b189-d3e38a0211bb","word":"amulet","definition":"An object worn or carried as a charm for protection or good luck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amuleto","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin amuletum","root_meaning":"protective charm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amulet","meaning":"a charm worn or carried for protection or luck","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Middle English amulet","meaning":"protective charm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin amuletum","meaning":"protective charm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amulets","amuletic","amulet-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"talisman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"periapt","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"66e32170-3bdd-425a-b0f7-681f72906e40","word":"amuse","definition":"To cause someone to find something funny or entertaining.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"muser","root_meaning":"to stare, to waste time","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amuse","meaning":"to entertain","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"amuser","meaning":"to divert, to deceive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"à-","meaning":"to, at","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1300s","word":"muser","meaning":"to gaze, to loiter","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amusement","museum","musing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entertain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"e0a097b5-5b72-4d61-9713-54259239a215","word":"amusement","definition":"The state or experience of finding something funny or entertaining.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"amuser","root_meaning":"to entertain, to make think, to distract","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"amusement","meaning":"The state or experience of finding something funny or entertaining","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"amusement","meaning":"entertainment","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"amuser","meaning":"to entertain, to distract","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["amuse","amusing","muse","museum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entertainment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diversion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mirth","formality":"literary"},{"word":"recreation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"ea8e6236-694d-4027-b79a-cb5c890c0c26","word":"anal","definition":"Anal means relating to the anus or, in psychology, marked by excessive orderliness or control.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"anal","language_family":"latin","root":"anus","root_meaning":"ring; anus","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anal","meaning":"relating to the anus or, in psychology, marked by excessive orderliness or control","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"analis","meaning":"pertaining to the anus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anus","meaning":"ring; anus","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anus","analogy","anatomy","anally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rectal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"posterior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anus-related","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"250139bb-aa48-4aa2-b423-6d5d8674087c","word":"analog","definition":"Something that is comparable to or shares a similar function with something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"análogo","language_family":"greek","root":"analogos","root_meaning":"proportionate, according to a ratio","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"analog","meaning":"Something comparable","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"analogue","meaning":"analogy, correspondence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"analogus","meaning":"analogous, proportionate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"analogos","meaning":"proportionate, according to a ratio","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ana","meaning":"up, throughout","language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"logos","meaning":"word, reason, proportion","language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["analogy","analogous","analogousness","analogical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"counterpart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equivalent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parallel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"4d3d14a8-058e-4372-a9df-285a6815d6bc","word":"analyse","definition":"To examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something, especially information or data), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"analizar","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀνάλυσις","root_meaning":"a breaking up, a loosening, a dissolving","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"analyse","meaning":"To examine methodically","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"analyser","meaning":"to analyze","children":[{"era":"14th Century","word":"analysis","meaning":"a resolution into elements","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀνάλυσις (analusis)","meaning":"a breaking up, a loosening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀναλύειν (analuein)","meaning":"to unloose, release","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀνά (ana)","meaning":"up, back","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"λύειν (luein)","meaning":"to loosen, unbind","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["analysis","analytic","analyst","catalyst","paralysis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissect","formality":"technical"},{"word":"evaluate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"6ddbe28e-9127-4ab2-976f-742fc374aa99","word":"analysis","definition":"Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"análisis","language_family":"greek","root":"analusis","root_meaning":"a breaking up, loosening","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"análysis (ἀνάλυσις)","meaning":"A breaking up, dissolving. From ana- (up) + lysis (loosening).","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"analysis","meaning":"Detailed examination of elements.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"análisis","meaning":"Analysis, examination.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["analyze","analyst","analytical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breakdown","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"bef07490-63d7-4805-9a2b-1da73c5a0ae3","word":"analyst","definition":"A person who conducts analysis.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"analista","language_family":"greek","root":"analyein","root_meaning":"to unbind, to loosen up","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ana-* + *lyein*","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"analyst","meaning":"A person who conducts analysis","children":[{"era":"17th C.","word":"analysist","meaning":"one who analyzes","children":[{"era":"16th C.","word":"analysis","meaning":"a dissolving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"analysis","meaning":"a breaking up, a loosening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"analyein","meaning":"to unbind","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin (Late)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["analysis","analytic","analyze","analytical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examiner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investigator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reviewer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"a0e4110d-22f3-489b-b421-f98dc4ddb53e","word":"analytical","definition":"Relating to or using analysis or logical reasoning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"analítico","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀναλύειν","root_meaning":"to unbind, to loosen up","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"analytical","meaning":"Relating to analysis","children":[{"era":"16th Century","word":"analyticus","meaning":"analytic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀναλυτικός (analytikós)","meaning":"able to resolve, skilled in analysis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀναλύειν (analýein)","meaning":"to unbind, to loosen up","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["analysis","analyze","analyst","analytic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"logical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systematic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissecting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"a3bb9d4f-4ec2-42e1-b5f4-3efa83d1cd53","word":"analyze","definition":"Examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something, especially information or data), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"analizar","language_family":"greek","root":"analyein","root_meaning":"to unbind, to loosen up","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"analyze","meaning":"to examine","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"analyser","meaning":"to analyze","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"analysis","meaning":"a breaking up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"analyein","meaning":"to unbind, to loosen up","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["analysis","analytic","analyst","dissolution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investigate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"cd187b66-c380-47a3-8148-633a4f49df36","word":"anarchist","definition":"A person who advocates the abolition of all government and the organization of society on a voluntary, cooperative basis without coercive authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anarquista","language_family":"greek","root":"anarchia","root_meaning":"absence of rule or government","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anarchist","meaning":"advocate of the abolition of government","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"anarchiste","meaning":"anarchist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀναρχία (anarchia)","meaning":"absence of a leader, lawlessness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀν- + ἀρχή (an- + arkhē)","meaning":"without + rule, beginning, authority","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anarchy","anarchism","anarchic","monarchy","hierarchy","patriarch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revolutionary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"libertarian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"insurgent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nihilist","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"ef82a03a-aeb8-4148-9308-24bc7707c662","word":"anarchy","definition":"The state of society without a governing authority, or a situation of complete disorder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anarquía","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀναρχία","root_meaning":"absence of rule","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anarchy","meaning":"state of disorder or absence of government","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"anarchie","meaning":"lawlessness; absence of government","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"anarchie","meaning":"anarchy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀναρχία","meaning":"absence of rule","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anarchist","anarchic","anarchism","anarcho-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disorder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chaos","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"a926def8-677e-4714-be8d-3ca3a95c44f8","word":"anatomy","definition":"The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of organisms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anatomía","language_family":"greek","root":"anatomē","root_meaning":"dissection","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"anatomḗ (ἀνατομή)","meaning":"Dissection, cutting up. From ana- (up) + tomē (a cutting).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"anatomy","meaning":"Study of bodily structure.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"anatomía","meaning":"Anatomy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["anatomical","anatomist","atom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"physiology","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"c9546f24-cb6e-4e67-80bd-164b00e42978","word":"ancestor","definition":"A person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"antecesor","language_family":"latin","root":"ancestre","root_meaning":"one who goes before","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":"*ant-ih₂- + *ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ancestor","meaning":"A person from whom one is descended","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"ancestor","meaning":"forebear","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"ancestre","meaning":"forebear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"antecessor","meaning":"one who goes before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ante-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["antecedent","ancestry","ancestral","precede","succession"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forebear","formality":"formal"},{"word":"progenitor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forerunner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"db538fc0-c976-4b5b-8266-a25a93afc2eb","word":"ancestral","definition":"Of, belonging to, or inherited from one's ancestors.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ancestral","language_family":"latin","root":"antecessor","root_meaning":"one who goes before, predecessor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ancestral","meaning":"relating to or inherited from ancestors","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ancestral","meaning":"of or pertaining to ancestors","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ancestor","meaning":"forefather, one from whom a person descends","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ancestre / ancessour","meaning":"ancestor, predecessor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"antecessor","meaning":"one who goes before; predecessor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ante- + cedere","meaning":"before + to go","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*ked-","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ancestor","ancestry","antecede","antecedent","precede","cede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hereditary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inherited","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patrimonial","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"45d63f57-030d-466a-a10b-7d8f61370f75","word":"anchor","definition":"A heavy object attached to a rope or chain and used to moor a vessel to the seabed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ancla","language_family":"greek","root":"ánkyra","root_meaning":"anchor","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂enk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anchor","meaning":"A heavy object attached to a rope or chain and used to moor a vessel to the seabed.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ancor","meaning":"anchor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ancora","meaning":"anchor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ánkyra","meaning":"anchor","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anchorage","anchored","anchoring","anchorite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mooring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grapnel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"kedge","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"4acf5cfa-3ef7-4ba2-a4db-379ebad50ce2","word":"ancient","definition":"Belonging to the very distant past; very old.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"antiguo","language_family":"french","root":"ante","root_meaning":"before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"300s BCE","proto_root":"*anti","etymology_tree":{"era":"300s BCE","word":"ante","meaning":"Before, in front of.","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"antianus","meaning":"Former, old.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ancien","meaning":"Former, old.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ancient","meaning":"Very old, from remote antiquity.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"antiguo","meaning":"Ancient, old.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["antiquity","antique","ancestor","ante-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"archaic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"old","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primeval","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"56bd7b58-2829-467d-aba3-655f46fd9d21","word":"and","definition":"Conjunction used to connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"and","root_meaning":"and","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*anti","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"and","meaning":"conjunction connecting items","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"and","meaning":"and","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*anti","meaning":"against, before","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ante","anti","antagonist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plus","formality":"informal"},{"word":"also","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"d4e3cdf8-b2d9-4dd0-9a5d-296105bd4a6b","word":"andrew","definition":"A masculine personal name derived from the Greek word for manly or strong.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Andrés","language_family":"greek","root":"andreios","root_meaning":"manly, strong, brave","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aner-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Andrew","meaning":"masculine personal name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Andreas","meaning":"manly, strong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"andreios","meaning":"manly, courageous","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Andrea","Anderson","Andromeda"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Andrew","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"f361749b-439e-4998-94c8-b588ece45dd4","word":"android","definition":"A robot designed to look and act like a human being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"androide","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀνήρ / ἀνδρ-","root_meaning":"man; human being","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂nḗr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"android","meaning":"A robot designed to look and act like a human being.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"andr-","meaning":"man; human being","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-oid","meaning":"resembling; having the form of","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["androgen","androgyny","androcentric","andrology","andro-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"robot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humanoid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"automaton","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"826da031-2045-43ee-90fb-9a6ffae12a87","word":"anesthesia","definition":"A medically induced loss of sensation, sometimes including unconsciousness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anestesia","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀναισθησία","root_meaning":"lack of sensation","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anesthesia","meaning":"loss of sensation induced medically","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"New Latin anesthesia","meaning":"loss of sensation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ancient Greek ἀναισθησία","meaning":"lack of sensation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek an- + aisthēsis","meaning":"without sensation; perception","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anesthetic","anesthetize","anesthesiology","anaesthesia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numbness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insensibility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"narcotization","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"450304ac-0df1-4d20-9dfe-2f88f2f97f6d","word":"aneurysm","definition":"An aneurysm is a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, especially an artery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aneurisma","language_family":"greek","root":"eurys","root_meaning":"wide, broad","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"early 15th century","word":"aneurysm","meaning":"localized abnormal dilation of an artery","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"aneurisma","meaning":"aneurysm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aneurysmos","meaning":"dilation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aneurynein","meaning":"to widen, dilate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ana-","meaning":"up, back, again","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"eurys","meaning":"wide, broad","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aneurism","aneurysmal","aneurysmic","aneurysmectomy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aneurism","formality":"technical"},{"word":"arterial dilation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"arterial bulge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"208ad632-86c2-462b-a122-1c2de9e957e2","word":"anew","definition":"Anew means again or in a new way.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anew","meaning":"again; in a new way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a-","meaning":"from on; in, on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"new","meaning":"new","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *newjaz","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["new","renew","newly","news"],"synonyms":[{"word":"again","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"afresh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"once more","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"cf9eb5f0-2aca-48b7-96ec-85e8c43f1b66","word":"angel","definition":"A spiritual being believed to act as a messenger of God.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ángel","language_family":"greek","root":"angelos","root_meaning":"messenger","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"ángelos (ἄγγελος)","meaning":"Messenger, envoy. Used in the Septuagint for divine messengers.","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"angel","meaning":"A divine messenger.","language":"English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"ángel","meaning":"Angel, messenger of God.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["angelic","archangel","evangelist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seraph","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cherub","formality":"formal"},{"word":"messenger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"5c6c406d-0256-4b57-a151-1f76f1e16a76","word":"angeles","definition":"Plural form of angel, referring to spiritual beings in religious tradition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ángeles","language_family":"latin","root":"angelus","root_meaning":"messenger","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"angeles","meaning":"plural of angel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"angel","meaning":"celestial messenger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"angelus","meaning":"messenger","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"aggelos","meaning":"messenger","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["angel","angelic","angelical","archangel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spirits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celestial beings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"messengers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"453350f7-6827-4368-a0ff-ade94f20931e","word":"angelica","definition":"A plant of the parsley family, and also a female given name derived from the same source.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"angélica","language_family":"latin","root":"angelicus","root_meaning":"angelic; belonging to angels","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"angelica","meaning":"a plant name and a female given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"angelica","meaning":"angelic, relating to angels","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"angelicus","meaning":"angelic; belonging to angels","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"angelos","meaning":"messenger, angel","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["angel","angelic","angelicity","archangel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"angelic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"archangelic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Susan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"8a715c01-a6b3-4b5c-9c1e-70238ca1b6b1","word":"anger","definition":"A strong feeling of displeasure or hostility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"angustia","language_family":"norse","root":"angr","root_meaning":"grief, sorrow, distress","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"900s","proto_root":"*angh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*angh-","meaning":"To constrict, to choke.","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"angr","meaning":"Grief, affliction.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"anger","meaning":"Distress, then wrath.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"anger","meaning":"Strong feeling of displeasure.","language":"English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"200s BCE","word":"angustia","meaning":"Narrowness, distress.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"angustia","meaning":"Anguish, distress.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["angry","anguish","angst","anxiety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fury","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wrath","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"84ee07e4-43df-4ead-8491-7d35ef53e444","word":"angle","definition":"The space between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ángulo","language_family":"latin","root":"angulus","root_meaning":"corner, angle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*ank-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"angle","meaning":"space between intersecting lines","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"angle","meaning":"corner, angle","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"angulus","meaning":"corner, angle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["angular","triangle","quadrangle","corner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intersection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"point","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"1935b6a2-a357-4e7c-a2bd-447ac3191ee3","word":"angry","definition":"Feeling or showing strong annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"angr","root_meaning":"grief, sorrow, trouble","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"angry","meaning":"Feeling or showing strong annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"angr","meaning":"grief, sorrow, trouble","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anger","angst","anxious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"irate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mad","formality":"informal"},{"word":"furious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"a233f367-801b-4443-9a2c-3c10d9ccc03f","word":"anguish","definition":"Anguish is intense mental or physical suffering, distress, or agony.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"angustia","language_family":"latin","root":"angustus","root_meaning":"narrow, tight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂engʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anguish","meaning":"intense suffering or distress","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"anguisse / anguish","meaning":"pain, distress, suffering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"angustia","meaning":"tightness, anxiety, distress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"angustus","meaning":"narrow, tight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French / Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anguished","anguishing","angustia","anxious","anxiety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"torment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"da9403ab-ab9e-4f57-883b-5aa106204fb7","word":"animal","definition":"A living organism that feeds on organic matter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"animal","language_family":"latin","root":"animāle","root_meaning":"a living being","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"animāle","meaning":"A living being, creature.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"animal","meaning":"A living creature.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"animal","meaning":"Animal, creature.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["animate","animation","animalistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beast","formality":"informal"},{"word":"organism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"5d464a46-c570-42e2-991f-9efc0dbecb7f","word":"animals","definition":"Living organisms that are typically capable of movement and feeding on organic material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"animales","language_family":"latin","root":"animalis","root_meaning":"living, having breath or soul","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ane-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"animals","meaning":"living creatures","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"animal","meaning":"living creature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"animalis","meaning":"living, animate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anima","meaning":"soul, breath, spirit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["animal","animate","animation","animality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creatures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beasts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fauna","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"2073663e-b817-40d8-9bb0-87a076e7babb","word":"animate","definition":"Bring to life; give a living quality to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"animar","language_family":"latin","root":"animare","root_meaning":"fill with breath, give life to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ane-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"animate","meaning":"Bring to life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"animatus","meaning":"endowed with life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"animare","meaning":"to fill with breath, give life to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anima","meaning":"breath, soul","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ane-","meaning":"to breathe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["animal","animation","inanimate","animated","soul"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enliven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vitalize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quicken","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"0081dd71-fe52-49d4-a963-02874214a1af","word":"animation","definition":"The state of being alive or full of life and vigor; the technique of making inanimate objects appear to move in a sequence of drawings or photographs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"animación","language_family":"latin","root":"animare","root_meaning":"to give life to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂enh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"animation","meaning":"liveliness; creation of moving images","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"animation","meaning":"liveliness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"animatio","meaning":"a giving of life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"animare","meaning":"to give life to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anima","meaning":"soul, breath","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["animate","animal","unanimous","magnanimous","animosity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liveliness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vitality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"2e5cacf7-7138-492b-9baa-c15cbd93cd9e","word":"anime","definition":"A style of animation originating in Japan, characterized by colorful artwork and fantastical or action-oriented storylines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"animēshon","root_meaning":"animation","root_language":"Japanese (from English)","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anime","meaning":"Japanese animation style","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"anime","meaning":"animation","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"animēshon","meaning":"animation from English","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"animation","meaning":"bringing to life","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Japanese (loanword)"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["animator","animated","manga","otaku"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Japanese animation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cartoon","formality":"informal"},{"word":"animated series","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"485d98fb-6f49-4608-872c-747246d32c49","word":"ankle","definition":"The joint connecting the foot with the leg.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ancle","root_meaning":"ankle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ank-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ankle","meaning":"The joint connecting the foot with the leg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ancle","meaning":"ankle","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ankolō","meaning":"bend, hook","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["angle","anchor","hook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hock","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"29980f17-e180-4b48-ac21-c19e5645d5c4","word":"ann","definition":"A female given name derived from the Hebrew name Hannah, or an abbreviation of annual.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hannah","root_meaning":"grace, favor","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"biblical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ann","meaning":"female given name","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Anne","meaning":"female name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Anna","meaning":"female name","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"hannah","meaning":"grace, favor","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Anna","Anne","Annie","Hannah","Annabel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Anna","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Anne","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Annie","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"dc894af2-d643-4304-8aca-054784f5f6d2","word":"annex","definition":"To add or attach, especially a territory to one's own country.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"anexar","language_family":"latin","root":"annexus","root_meaning":"to tie, bind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"annex","meaning":"to add or attach","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"annexer","meaning":"to join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"annectere","meaning":"to tie to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"nectere","meaning":"to bind","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["annexation","connect","nexus","nectary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"append","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incorporate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"94e3d7e6-bd2b-43ae-bee1-5debde9647f2","word":"anniversary","definition":"The date on which an event took place or an institution was founded in a previous year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aniversario","language_family":"latin","root":"anniversarius","root_meaning":"returning yearly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anniversary","meaning":"The date on which an event took place or an institution was founded in a previous year.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anniversarius","meaning":"returning yearly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"annus","meaning":"year","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["annual","biannual","perennial","verse","convert","divert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commemoration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"celebration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remembrance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"0877f5e2-2c94-49b8-bd56-06acc64a3079","word":"annotate","definition":"To add notes to a text or diagram giving explanation or comment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"anotar","language_family":"latin","root":"notare","root_meaning":"to mark, to note","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"annotate","meaning":"to add notes","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"annotatus","meaning":"marked down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"notare","meaning":"to mark, note","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nota","meaning":"mark, sign, note","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notation","note","notorious","notary","notice","denote"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gloss","formality":"formal"},{"word":"explain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explicate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"5428a3b1-2803-4e7d-98e4-53ae3817309c","word":"annotation","definition":"A note or comment added to a text, document, or drawing for explanation or clarification.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anotación","language_family":"latin","root":"annotatus","root_meaning":"marked, noted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"annotation","meaning":"explanatory note or comment","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"annotation","meaning":"noting, marking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"annotatio","meaning":"noting, marking down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"annotatus","meaning":"marked, noted","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["annotate","annotator","annotations","annotated","annotating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"note","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remark","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gloss","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"5e6f52a2-2dea-4b83-83e0-3d048d2d8255","word":"announce","definition":"To make a public declaration or statement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"anunciar","language_family":"french","root":"anoncier","root_meaning":"to proclaim, make known","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"annūntiāre","meaning":"To announce, relate, from ad + nūntiāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"anoncier","meaning":"To proclaim, make known.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"announce","meaning":"To declare publicly.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"anunciar","meaning":"To announce.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["announcement","announcer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"declare","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proclaim","formality":"formal"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"bafb1a90-d497-4e44-ba36-e40345cb9ec9","word":"announced","definition":"Made a public declaration or statement; proclaimed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"anunciado","language_family":"latin","root":"annuntiare","root_meaning":"to declare, report","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"announced","meaning":"made public declaration","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"announce","meaning":"to proclaim","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"annuntiare","meaning":"to declare, report","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + nuntiare","meaning":"to + announce/report","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["announce","announcement","announcer","announcing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proclaimed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"declared","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revealed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"89ba41cb-720b-4ea0-b324-9bcf06814a32","word":"announcements","definition":"Public declarations or statements made to inform or notify people of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anuncios","language_family":"french","root":"annonciare","root_meaning":"to proclaim, make known","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"announcements","meaning":"public declarations","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"announcement","meaning":"public declaration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"annoncer","meaning":"to proclaim, announce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + nuntiare","meaning":"to herald, proclaim to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["announce","announcement","announcer","announced","announcing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"declarations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"statements","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proclamations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notifications","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"adb3c9e4-1ea9-41dc-8943-4f9e009a20a2","word":"announcer","definition":"A person who announces something, especially on radio or television.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anunciador","language_family":"latin","root":"annuntiare","root_meaning":"to report, make known","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"announcer","meaning":"one who announces","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"announce","meaning":"to make known","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"anoncier","meaning":"to report","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"annuntiare","meaning":"to report, make known","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["announce","announcement","renounce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"narrator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commentator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broadcaster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"3cc211ae-5af1-48c0-95e2-ebff85c54046","word":"annoy","definition":"To irritate or bother (someone) in a mildly provoking way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"enuier","root_meaning":"to trouble, vex, harm","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"annoy","meaning":"to irritate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"annoy","meaning":"to harm, trouble","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enuier","meaning":"to trouble, vex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*inodiare","meaning":"to make odious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"odium","meaning":"hatred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["annoyance","annoying","ennui","odious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pester","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vex","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"b23a6cbd-77f2-4413-b5cc-1729d9dace9b","word":"annual","definition":"Occurring once every year.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"anual","language_family":"latin","root":"annuālis","root_meaning":"yearly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"annuālis","meaning":"Yearly, of a year.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"annual","meaning":"Happening every year.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"anual","meaning":"Yearly.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["annually","annuity","anniversary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yearly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"per annum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"f700930a-798d-4842-959a-7f82cc99df15","word":"anomaly","definition":"Something that deviates from what is normal, expected, or regular.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anomalía","language_family":"greek","root":"anōmalos","root_meaning":"uneven, irregular","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anomaly","meaning":"a deviation from the norm","children":[{"era":"400s-500s","word":"anomaly","meaning":"irregularity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anōmalia","meaning":"irregularity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"an- + homalos","meaning":"\"not\" + \"even, level\"","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anomalous","anomalies","anomalistic","anomalously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"irregularity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abnormality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deviation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aberration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"bd5aa2b1-0d31-47d6-8115-d3beee1a771c","word":"anonymous","definition":"Lacking a known or identified name, author, or origin; unnamed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"anónimo","language_family":"greek","root":"onyma","root_meaning":"name","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃nom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anonymous","meaning":"lacking identified name or authorship","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"anonymous","meaning":"of unknown name or origin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anonymos","meaning":"without a name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"an- + onyma","meaning":"without + name","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anonymity","synonym","pseudonym","antonym","homonym"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unnamed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unidentified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unnamed author","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"1632de66-ffe7-4c58-84e4-46be3d0cfc80","word":"another","definition":"An additional person or thing of the same type as one already mentioned or known.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"an","root_meaning":"one","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ainaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"another","meaning":"an additional one","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"another","meaning":"an other one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"an","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["other","others","another's","one"],"synonyms":[{"word":"additional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"further","formality":"formal"},{"word":"one more","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extra","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"1a6a4a95-2f66-43c8-8a6b-5975f5d7e8d8","word":"answer","definition":"A response to a question; to reply or react to something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"respuesta","language_family":"germanic","root":"andswaru","root_meaning":"a sworn reply","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"answer","meaning":"A reply to a question.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"andswaru","meaning":"A sworn counter-statement.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["answerable","unanswered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"response","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solution","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"3c21fffa-d7b1-493f-9bad-0a2683a1a14e","word":"answers","definition":"Spoken or written replies to a question or request.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"respuesta","language_family":"germanic","root":"andswarian","root_meaning":"to reply","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"answers","meaning":"replies or solutions to questions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"answer","meaning":"to reply","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"andswarian","meaning":"to reply, pledge in return","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["answer","answerable","unanswered","respondent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"replies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"responses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"solutions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retorts","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"2ab1039b-f55d-4f8d-9e50-01f5ba8c66a4","word":"ante","definition":"A stake placed by each player before cards are dealt; a prerequisite contribution to participate in something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ante","language_family":"latin","root":"ante","root_meaning":"before, in front of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂enti","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"ante","meaning":"stake placed before play begins","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ante","meaning":"before, in front of","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*h₂enti","meaning":"facing, in front of, against","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["antedate","antechamber","anterior","antebellum","ante up"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wager","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bet","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"76b89f55-e162-495d-b708-62f81cc9947e","word":"antenna","definition":"A rod, wire, or other device used to transmit or receive radio or television signals; a sensory appendage on the head of an insect or other arthropod.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"antena","language_family":"latin","root":"antenna","root_meaning":"sail yard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"antenna","meaning":"transmitting/receiving device; insect appendage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"antenna","meaning":"sail yard (on a ship)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aerial","antennule","antennae","tentacle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aerial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receiver","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sensor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"feeler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"3c72abcf-7446-4096-ba51-178bed1f4931","word":"anthropology","definition":"The study of human societies, cultures, and their development.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"antropología","language_family":"greek","root":"anthrōpologia","root_meaning":"the study of humanity","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"anthrōpología (ἀνθρωπολογία)","meaning":"Study of humanity. From anthrōpos (human being) + -logia (study of).","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"anthropology","meaning":"The study of human cultures.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"antropología","meaning":"Anthropology.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["anthropologist","misanthrope","philanthropy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ethnography","formality":"formal"},{"word":"human science","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"7fbedd68-0580-4d96-8e9c-0846089d141f","word":"anti","definition":"A prefix or preposition meaning opposed to or against something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"anti","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek anti","root_meaning":"against, opposite","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anti","meaning":"opposed to, against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anti","meaning":"against, opposite","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["antitoxin","antiseptic","antibiotic","antipathy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"against","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opposed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"counter","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"69956b05-d6e6-49e6-a969-b044f3bda839","word":"antibiotic","definition":"A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"antibiótico","language_family":"greek","root":"anti + biotikos","root_meaning":"against life","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"anti- (ἀντί) + biōtikós (βιωτικός)","meaning":"Against life. From anti (against) + bios (life).","children":[{"era":"1894","word":"antibiotic","meaning":"A substance that kills bacteria.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"antibiótico","meaning":"Antibiotic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["antibacterial","biology","probiotic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"antimicrobial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"antibacterial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f61888cc-aed5-41f4-a68e-d3a14ebafbc7","word":"antibody","definition":"A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anticuerpo","language_family":"greek","root":"anti-","root_meaning":"against","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*anti","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"antibody","meaning":"A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.","children":[{"era":"late 19th century","word":"anti-","meaning":"a substance acting against the body","children":[],"language":"English (modern coinage)"},{"era":"late 19th century","word":"body","meaning":"a substance acting against the body","children":[],"language":"English (modern coinage)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["antigen","antibiotic","antisera","body"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immunoglobulin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"immune protein","formality":"technical"},{"word":"defense molecule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"c69fe09f-23b4-4c89-9f64-54371d5ee34d","word":"anticipate","definition":"To regard as probable; expect or predict.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"anticipar","language_family":"latin","root":"anticipare","root_meaning":"to take before, foretaste","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anticipate","meaning":"To regard as probable; expect or predict.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anticipare","meaning":"to take before, foretaste","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ante","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anticipation","caption","capture","perceive","conceive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foresee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"predict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"await","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"3f40ea44-09af-41e5-a825-ce90d6a6eadf","word":"anticipation","definition":"Anticipation is the act of expecting or looking forward to something before it happens.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"anticipación","language_family":"latin","root":"anticipāre","root_meaning":"to take beforehand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anticipation","meaning":"the act of expecting something before it happens","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"anticipacioun","meaning":"earlier English form","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"anticipation","meaning":"pre-emptive expectation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anticipātiō","meaning":"anticipation; a taking beforehand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anticipāre","meaning":"to take before; anticipate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ante","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anticipate","anticipatory","anticipated","anticipator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expectation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foreknowledge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"0d090877-2e8c-468e-94ba-b54b155c707e","word":"antidote","definition":"A medicine taken or given to counteract a particular poison.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"antídoto","language_family":"greek","root":"antidoton","root_meaning":"given against","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"antidote","meaning":"A medicine to counteract poison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"antidotum","meaning":"antidote","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"antidoton","meaning":"given against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anti-","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"didonai","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dose","anecdote","dote","donor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remedy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corrective","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"928fb8e3-9e61-48d6-904a-f05803529da5","word":"antique","definition":"An object of considerable age, especially one that is of value or beauty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"antiguo","language_family":"latin","root":"antiquus","root_meaning":"old, ancient","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ent-ih₂-os","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"antique","meaning":"old, ancient; collectible","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"antique","meaning":"old, ancient","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"antiquus","meaning":"old, ancient","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ancient","antiquity","antiquarian","antiquated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"old","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vintage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoary","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"80886f88-3440-4505-a771-2820e6dba1da","word":"anus","definition":"The bodily opening at the end of the digestive tract, from Latin anus meaning \"ring.\"","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ano","language_family":"latin","root":"anus","root_meaning":"ring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anus","meaning":"the terminal opening of the digestive tract","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anus","meaning":"ring, circle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anal","anally","perianal","anus","anality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orifice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aperture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"0c98064f-445d-4f5d-9490-cc4ce9038d71","word":"anxiety","definition":"A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an event or something with an uncertain outcome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ansiedad","language_family":"latin","root":"anxietas","root_meaning":"distress, anguish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*angh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anxiety","meaning":"Feeling of worry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anxietas","meaning":"distress, anguish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anxius","meaning":"troubled, uneasy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"angere","meaning":"to choke, pain, distress","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anxious","anguish","anger","annoy","angina","tight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehension","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"aab34908-b621-4cd0-9faf-cf0c0054c3fe","word":"anxious","definition":"Experiencing worry, unease, or nervousness, typically about an event or something with an uncertain outcome.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ansioso","language_family":"latin","root":"anxius","root_meaning":"troubled, uneasy, distressed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*angh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anxious","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"anxius","meaning":"troubled, uneasy","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*angh-","meaning":"tight, painful, constricted","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anxiety","angst","anger","anguish","tight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nervous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"worried","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uneasy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"620e526d-4f18-433d-be09-d6590132399c","word":"any","definition":"one or some of a thing, no matter which.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"anig","root_meaning":"any, one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*eni-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"any","meaning":"one or some, no matter which","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"any","meaning":"any one, some","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"anig","meaning":"any, one","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anyone","anything","anyway","anywhere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"some","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whichever","formality":"formal"},{"word":"one","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"c2812b04-54f0-4966-8b56-1133f98161b4","word":"anybody","definition":"Any person; anyone.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"any + body","root_meaning":"indefinite + person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ainaz (any), *boda (body)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anybody","meaning":"any person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ani-bodi","meaning":"any person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ænig","meaning":"any","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bodig","meaning":"body, trunk","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anyone","somebody","everybody","anything"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anyone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"somebody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"a person","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"f9a6330a-fa9c-4691-a09c-2c65f3f1109d","word":"anymore","definition":"Any longer; any more.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"any + more","root_meaning":"indefinite + greater quantity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ainaz + *maizô","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anymore","meaning":"Any longer; any more.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"any more","meaning":"any more","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ænig","meaning":"any","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"māra","meaning":"more","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["any","more","anywhere","somehow","evermore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nowadays","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"currently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"no longer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"f9c3883d-2bf1-4260-9aee-d8f4bf070baa","word":"anyone","definition":"Any person; any individual at all.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle English any","root_meaning":"one or some","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*anaz (one)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Anyone","meaning":"any person at all","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"any one","meaning":"one person of a group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"any","meaning":"one, some","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["any","one","somebody","everyone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"somebody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"any person","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"adf4aa6f-037d-4906-ad05-c37a82250fae","word":"anything","definition":"Any object, thing, or matter of any kind whatsoever.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"any + thing","root_meaning":"any + object","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*eni- and *tenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anything","meaning":"any object or matter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"any","meaning":"one, a","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thing","meaning":"object, matter, assembly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["any","thing","something","nothing","everything"],"synonyms":[{"word":"something","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whatever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aught","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.701Z"}
{"id":"64126ce5-c87e-4f46-9df4-19e35713051a","word":"anytime","definition":"At any time whatever.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"any, time","root_meaning":"one, extent of duration","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*oinos, *tīmon","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anytime","meaning":"At any time whatever.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"any","meaning":"one, any","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"time","meaning":"extent of duration","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anyone","anyhow","sometimes","timely","timetable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whenever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"any moment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at all times","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"7311de1d-f5e5-441f-88ce-4593734649d6","word":"anyway","definition":"Regardless; in any case; used to dismiss a preceding statement.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"anyweg","root_meaning":"in any manner","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*oynos, *wegh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anyway","meaning":"Regardless; in any case.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"anyweg","meaning":"in any manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣnig","meaning":"any","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weg","meaning":"way, path, manner","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anyhow","anywhere","sometime","way","always"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regardless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nevertheless","formality":"formal"},{"word":"anyhow","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"cf235189-34c7-4f9c-b61b-3a83271bda4d","word":"anywhere","definition":"In, at, or to any place or position; used to indicate an unspecified or unlimited location.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æghwær","root_meaning":"in every place, everywhere","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"anywhere","meaning":"in or to any place","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"any + where","meaning":"compound of any + where","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ænig","meaning":"any, one (indefinite)","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwær","meaning":"where, in which place","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kʷo-","meaning":"interrogative/relative stem (who, where, which)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["somewhere","nowhere","everywhere","wherever","anywhere's"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wherever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in any place","formality":"formal"},{"word":"anyplace","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"c53dafd1-c592-4d93-8c66-e639bef8866d","word":"apart","definition":"Separated by a distance or interval; into pieces.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"aparte","language_family":"latin","root":"a parte","root_meaning":"from the side, aside","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apart","meaning":"Separated by a distance or interval.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"à part","meaning":"to the side","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"a parte","meaning":"from the side, aside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","partial","impartial","participate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individually","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"045e9177-ee35-4397-95e7-ffbdc91f06e1","word":"apartment","definition":"A self-contained residential unit within a larger building.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apartamento","language_family":"french","root":"appartement","root_meaning":"a separate room or set of rooms","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apartment","meaning":"self-contained residential unit","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"apartment","meaning":"a set of rooms","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"appartement","meaning":"a separate suite of rooms","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"à part","meaning":"separate, apart","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apart","apartment building","flat","suite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dwelling","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"d53ffdbe-4f3a-4a34-96ad-1505ee7677c5","word":"apartments","definition":"Plural of apartment; self-contained dwelling units within a larger building.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apartamentos","language_family":"french","root":"appartement","root_meaning":"separate dwelling","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apartments","meaning":"residential units","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"apartment","meaning":"separate dwelling within building","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"appartement","meaning":"suite of rooms","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"à part + -ment","meaning":"apart + suffix","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apartment","apartness","appertain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flats","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condos","formality":"informal"},{"word":"units","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwellings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"07971271-85cd-4283-874a-a824b772ea8d","word":"apathy","definition":"Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apatía","language_family":"greek","root":"apatheia","root_meaning":"without feeling","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"apátheia (ἀπάθεια)","meaning":"Freedom from suffering, insensibility. From a- (without) + pathos (feeling).","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"apathy","meaning":"Lack of feeling or interest.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"apatía","meaning":"Apathy, indifference.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["apathetic","empathy","sympathy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indifference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lethargy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disinterest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b96cb8a5-b8c8-4cc2-afc3-f27ae85a58d7","word":"ape","definition":"A large primate that lacks a tail, including gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"apa","root_meaning":"ape","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ape","meaning":"primate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"apa","meaning":"ape","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ap-","meaning":"ape","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"primate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"monkey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"9a73b0d9-211f-4ed5-b485-54ba3940e927","word":"apnic","definition":"Pertaining to or characterized by apnea, the temporary cessation of breathing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"apnéico","language_family":"greek","root":"apnoia","root_meaning":"without breath","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pneu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apnic","meaning":"related to apnea","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"apnea","meaning":"temporary cessation of breathing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apnoia","meaning":"without breath (a- 'without' + pneein 'to breathe')","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English (from Greek)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apnea","dyspnea","eupnea","pneumonia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breathless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"non-breathing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"asphyctic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"71ee958a-d872-4c46-8730-742278345387","word":"apocalypse","definition":"The complete final destruction of the world, especially as described in the biblical book of Revelation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apocalipsis","language_family":"greek","root":"apokalypsis","root_meaning":"uncovering, revelation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apocalypse","meaning":"end of the world","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apocalypsis","meaning":"uncovering, revelation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apo-","meaning":"off, away from","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"kalyptein","meaning":"to cover, conceal","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to cover, conceal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apocalyptic","revelation","unveil","cryptic","eclipse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cataclysm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doomsday","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"end of the world","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"68e5afc3-e21e-4ac5-9a74-7f42e7ae1783","word":"apologise","definition":"To express regret for something one has done wrong.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"apologizar","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀπολογεῖσθαι (apologeîsthai)","root_meaning":"to speak in defense, to make a defense","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apologise","meaning":"to express regret","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"apologize","meaning":"to make an apology","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"apologie","meaning":"a defense, a justification","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apologia","meaning":"a speech in defense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀπολογία (apologia)","meaning":"a speech in defense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀπολογεῖσθαι (apologeîsthai)","meaning":"to speak in defense","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apology","apologetic","logic","dialogue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"express remorse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"make amends","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"59efa063-7bc8-49c9-bcbb-e39ddc43012d","word":"apologize","definition":"To express regret for something one has done wrong.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"apologizar","language_family":"greek","root":"apologia","root_meaning":"a speech in defense","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apologize","meaning":"to express regret","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"apologiser","meaning":"to apologize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apologia","meaning":"a defense, an apology","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apologia","meaning":"a speech in defense","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apology","apologetic","apologue","apoplectic","logistics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"express regret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"say sorry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"make amends","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"cef47493-baa4-4c38-b94e-ef038ab58c1f","word":"apology","definition":"A written or spoken expression of regret for an offense or wrongdoing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apología","language_family":"greek","root":"apologia","root_meaning":"a speech in defense","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apology","meaning":"A written or spoken expression of regret for an offense or wrongdoing.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"apologie","meaning":"defense, justification","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"apologia","meaning":"a speech in defense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀπολογία (apología)","meaning":"a speech in defense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀπολογεῖσθαι (apologeîsthai)","meaning":"to speak in one's defense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀπό (apó)","meaning":"from, off","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"λόγος (lógos)","meaning":"speech, word","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apologetic","apologue","logic","dialogue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contrition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"penitence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"aafcd508-7ae1-4f79-a986-745af945ce65","word":"apparatus","definition":"A complex machine or device for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aparato","language_family":"latin","root":"apparatus","root_meaning":"preparation, equipment, things prepared","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apparatus","meaning":"a complex device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparatus","meaning":"preparation, equipment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparare","meaning":"to prepare","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prepare","parade","repair","separate","comparator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"machinery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"b0b2a98d-4444-4687-9328-41b8c9fdc711","word":"apparel","definition":"Clothing or garments, especially fine or formal clothing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aparejo","language_family":"french","root":"apparail","root_meaning":"preparation, equipment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apparel","meaning":"clothing, garments","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"apparel","meaning":"clothing, garments","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appareil","meaning":"preparation, equipment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"apparillier","meaning":"to prepare, fit out","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apparels","appareled","appareling","apparel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clothing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wear","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"418027cf-a6ea-4c53-b0db-782be429be68","word":"apparent","definition":"Clearly visible or understood; obvious.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aparente","language_family":"latin","root":"apparere","root_meaning":"to appear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pare-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apparent","meaning":"clearly visible, obvious","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aparaunt","meaning":"visible, evident","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparere","meaning":"to appear, be visible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appear","apparition","transparent","parent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obvious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"aa4809e1-cccd-4903-ab34-759a917231e4","word":"apparently","definition":"As far as one can judge from available evidence; seemingly or evidently.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"aparentemente","language_family":"latin","root":"apparere","root_meaning":"to appear, come into sight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apparently","meaning":"seemingly; as it appears","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"apparent + -ly","meaning":"in an apparent manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"apparent","meaning":"visible, evident","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparentem","meaning":"appearing, visible (pres. part. of apparere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparere","meaning":"to appear, come into view (ad- + parere)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English/Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appear","apparent","appearance","apparition","transparent","apparent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evidently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seemingly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ostensibly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supposedly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"19ebaffa-c5fc-456c-9252-e310460bccc4","word":"appeal","definition":"A serious or urgent request, or the quality of being attractive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apelación","language_family":"french","root":"apeler","root_meaning":"to call upon, entreat","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"appellāre","meaning":"To address, call upon, entreat.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"apeler","meaning":"To call upon, invoke, entreat.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appeal","meaning":"An earnest request, attraction.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"apelación","meaning":"Appeal, plea.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["appealing","appellant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plea","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entreaty","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"8bcd28a2-2256-40be-a239-12d4ff8a6128","word":"appear","definition":"To come into sight or become visible.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aparecer","language_family":"french","root":"aparoir","root_meaning":"to come into view","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"appārēre","meaning":"To come in sight, become visible.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aparoir","meaning":"To come into view, be visible.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appear","meaning":"To become visible.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"aparecer","meaning":"To appear.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["appearance","disappear","apparent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emerge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"materialize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"9a734428-1308-4460-a40b-df12c952eac7","word":"appearance","definition":"The way that someone or something looks or seems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apariencia","language_family":"latin","root":"apparere","root_meaning":"to appear, be visible","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appearance","meaning":"The way that someone or something looks or seems.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"apareir","meaning":"to appear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparere","meaning":"to appear, be visible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appear","apparent","apparition","transparent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"look","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aspect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mien","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"c33b2e9e-9391-46d5-9b62-8cc840315bc0","word":"appears","definition":"Third person singular present of appear; comes into sight or seems to be.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aparece","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin apparere","root_meaning":"to appear, be visible","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appears","meaning":"comes into sight or seems to be","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appear","meaning":"to come into sight","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"apparoir","meaning":"to appear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparere","meaning":"to appear, be visible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + parere","meaning":"to + come forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appear","appearance","apparent","disappear","reappear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emerges","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shows","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"looks","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"acd2f44b-1174-4550-9aee-1bb7155341f0","word":"appendix","definition":"A section at the end of a book or document giving additional information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apéndice","language_family":"latin","root":"appendere","root_meaning":"to hang on, append","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appendix","meaning":"additional section in a book","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appendix","meaning":"an appendage, addition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appendere","meaning":"to hang on, append (ad- 'to' + pendere 'to hang')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["append","appendage","pending","suspension","dependent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supplement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"addendum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"annex","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"postscript","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"841ef9be-8a69-4b29-bca6-2e7b36eff65e","word":"appetite","definition":"A natural desire to satisfy a bodily need, especially for food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apetito","language_family":"latin","root":"appetere","root_meaning":"to strive after, desire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appetite","meaning":"desire for food","children":[{"era":"13th C.","word":"appetit","meaning":"appetite, desire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appetitus","meaning":"desire, craving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appetere","meaning":"to strive after, desire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appetizing","petition","compete","repeat","impetuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hunger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"48fcd39f-6c44-41f4-a607-8431eab7757c","word":"appetizer","definition":"A small dish of food or drink served before a meal to stimulate appetite.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apetito","language_family":"latin","root":"appetere","root_meaning":"to strive after, desire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appetizer","meaning":"food or drink served before a meal","children":[{"era":"1820s","word":"appetite + -izer","meaning":"that which stimulates appetite","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appétit","meaning":"appetite, desire for food","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appetitus","meaning":"desire, longing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appetere","meaning":"ad- + petere: to strive toward","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*pet-","meaning":"to rush, fly toward, seek","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appetite","appetizing","petition","compete","repeat","impetuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"starter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hors d'oeuvre","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tidbit","formality":"informal"},{"word":"amuse-bouche","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"e520d11e-5d89-4bdc-96bc-e02e519a47d9","word":"applaud","definition":"To show approval or praise by clapping hands or shouting.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aplaudir","language_family":"latin","root":"plaudere","root_meaning":"to clap, strike","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"applaud","meaning":"To express approval","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"applaudir","meaning":"to applaud","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applaudere","meaning":"to strike upon, clap hands (ad- 'to' + plaudere 'to clap')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plaudere","meaning":"to clap, strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["applause","plausible","explode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cheer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"laud","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"35a2f44b-b9bd-4a0e-8627-60d164914a23","word":"applause","definition":"The act of showing approval or pleasure by clapping hands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aplauso","language_family":"latin","root":"applaudere","root_meaning":"to strike upon, clap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"applause","meaning":"The act of showing approval or pleasure by clapping hands.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"applause","meaning":"applause","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applaudere","meaning":"to strike upon, clap hands in approval","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laud","plaudit","explode","implosion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clapping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ovation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cheering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"d111abf0-48dc-4095-8e54-631933512599","word":"apple","definition":"A round fruit with red, yellow, or green skin and crisp flesh.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"manzana","language_family":"germanic","root":"æppel","root_meaning":"apple, fruit, ball","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ab(e)l-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"apple","meaning":"The round, crisp fruit.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"æppel","meaning":"Apple, fruit, eyeball.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ab(e)l-","meaning":"Apple.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["applesauce","pineapple","Adam's apple"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"15fa45d7-e2d4-4602-b951-01ccfc8a8fa0","word":"appliance","definition":"A device or piece of equipment designed for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aplicar","language_family":"latin","root":"applicare","root_meaning":"to fold onto, to join","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appliance","meaning":"A device or piece of equipment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"appliance","meaning":"application, compliance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appliquer","meaning":"to apply, attach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicare","meaning":"to fold onto, to join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plicare","meaning":"to fold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apply","application","pliable","complicate","reply"],"synonyms":[{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gadget","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instrument","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"dc9b37d2-e440-4ddd-bc34-449ae1028fcd","word":"applicable","definition":"Capable of being applied; relevant or suitable for a particular situation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aplicable","language_family":"latin","root":"applicabilis","root_meaning":"able to be applied","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"applicable","meaning":"capable of being applied","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"applicable","meaning":"able to be applied","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicabilis","meaning":"able to be applied","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicare","meaning":"to attach, apply","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apply","application","appliance","applicant","inapplicable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relevant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pertinent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appropriate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"834cdb74-7f05-4288-a11c-c5bda45a67b9","word":"applicant","definition":"A person who applies for something, especially a job or admission to a school.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aplicante","language_family":"latin","root":"applicare","root_meaning":"to apply, to attach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"applicant","meaning":"person who applies","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"apply","meaning":"attach, join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicare","meaning":"to apply, to attach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plicare","meaning":"to fold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*plek-","meaning":"to plait, to weave, to fold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["application","apply","implied","reply","complicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"candidate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"petitioner","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seeker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"098376fe-f750-42dd-b144-b28cff6e7171","word":"application","definition":"A software program designed to perform specific tasks or functions for users.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aplicación","language_family":"latin","root":"applicare","root_meaning":"to attach or apply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"application","meaning":"software program or formal request","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"apply","meaning":"to attach or put to use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicare","meaning":"to attach or apply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + plicare","meaning":"to + fold or bend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apply","applicable","applicant","applied"],"synonyms":[{"word":"program","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"software","formality":"technical"},{"word":"app","formality":"informal"},{"word":"request","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"ce4b6777-933f-45ed-8a35-9782a33b55fc","word":"applications","definition":"Plural of application; programs or tools designed for specific tasks, or requests for something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aplicaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"applicare","root_meaning":"to attach or join to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"applications","meaning":"plural of application","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"application","meaning":"act of applying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicare","meaning":"to attach or join to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["application","apply","applicable","applicant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"programs","formality":"technical"},{"word":"software","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tools","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apps","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"2b2a277f-7f53-4bbb-af83-108a9dfde1e3","word":"applied","definition":"Put to practical use or brought into operation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aplicado","language_family":"latin","root":"applicare","root_meaning":"to attach to, to apply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"applied","meaning":"put to practical use","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"apply","meaning":"to attach, to put to use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicare","meaning":"to attach to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apply","application","applicant","applicable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utilized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"put to use","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"9e3a5bd5-6756-4848-94c6-829347f91e82","word":"apply","definition":"To put to use or to submit a formal request or claim.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aplicar","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin applicāre","root_meaning":"to attach to, to apply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apply","meaning":"to use; to submit a request","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"apply","meaning":"to attach, to apply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicāre","meaning":"to attach to, to apply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"applicāre","meaning":"ad- + plicāre (fold, attach)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["application","applicable","applied"],"synonyms":[{"word":"use","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utilize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"submit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"8ed3677e-af48-4297-bcf2-5de6d46dbe25","word":"appoint","definition":"To assign a position or role to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"nombrar","language_family":"french","root":"apointer","root_meaning":"to arrange, settle","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"ad punctum","meaning":"To a point, to fix, settle.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"apointer","meaning":"To arrange, settle, fix.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"appoint","meaning":"To designate, assign.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"nombrar","meaning":"To appoint, name.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["appointment","appointed","disappoint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"designate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assign","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"fd1d477c-fcaa-4b95-a24a-1d96e4c43e7e","word":"appointment","definition":"An arrangement to meet someone at a particular time and place, or a position to which someone is assigned.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apuntamiento","language_family":"french","root":"appointier","root_meaning":"to arrange, to put in order","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appointment","meaning":"scheduled meeting or assigned position","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"appointment","meaning":"act of appointing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appointement","meaning":"arrangement, settlement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appointier","meaning":"to arrange, to put to a point","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + punctum","meaning":"to + point","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appoint","appointee","disappoint","disappointment","reappoint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engagement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rendezvous","formality":"literary"},{"word":"booking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"282fc1ee-374a-4eeb-96f0-e151ebd988d7","word":"appraisal","definition":"An act of assessing something or someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"priser","root_meaning":"to price, to value","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appraisal","meaning":"An act of assessing","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"appraise","meaning":"to value, set a price on","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"appriser","meaning":"to inform, to value","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"priser","meaning":"to price, esteem","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pretium","meaning":"price, value","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appraise","prize","price","praise","precious","value"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evaluation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valuation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"1ca52fe9-2e38-43d5-a38c-bbe007c41f17","word":"appreciate","definition":"To recognize the full worth of something; to understand a situation fully.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"apreciar","language_family":"latin","root":"appretiare","root_meaning":"to value, to appraise","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appreciate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appretiate","meaning":"to value, to appraise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pretium","meaning":"price, value","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["price","precious","appraisal","depreciate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"value","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"esteem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recognize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"0761075c-6cff-4e90-bd52-7032913c034f","word":"appreciation","definition":"The recognition and enjoyment of the good qualities of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apreciación","language_family":"latin","root":"pretium","root_meaning":"price, value","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*perk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appreciation","meaning":"recognition of good qualities","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"appréciation","meaning":"evaluation, estimation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"apprécier","meaning":"to estimate, value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appretiare","meaning":"to set a price on","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pretium","meaning":"price, value","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appreciate","price","precious","praise","depreciate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gratitude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recognition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"59e47445-4014-4dad-93fc-6a2d65a5d25a","word":"apprehend","definition":"To apprehend is to seize, arrest, or understand mentally.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aprehender","language_family":"latin","root":"apprehendere","root_meaning":"to seize","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apprehend","meaning":"to seize, arrest, or understand mentally","children":[{"era":"late 14c.","word":"apprehend","meaning":"to take hold of or understand mentally","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apprehendere","meaning":"to seize, grasp, or understand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prehendere","meaning":"to seize, take hold of","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*ghend-","meaning":"to seize, take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apprehension","apprehensive","comprehend","misapprehend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"707a53b7-ca45-459e-981c-75472f9c4d43","word":"approach","definition":"To come near or nearer to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aproximar","language_family":"french","root":"aprochier","root_meaning":"to come near","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 AD","word":"appropiāre","meaning":"To draw near, from ad + prope (near).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aprochier","meaning":"To come near, draw close.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"approach","meaning":"To come near.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"aproximar","meaning":"To approach, approximate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["approachable","approaching"],"synonyms":[{"word":"near","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advance toward","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"7fdfff1d-8f56-43cc-9e85-8674d7744461","word":"appropriate","definition":"Suitable or proper for a particular situation or context.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"apropiado","language_family":"latin","root":"appropriatus","root_meaning":"made one's own","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appropriate","meaning":"suitable or proper","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"appropriate","meaning":"made one's own","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appropriatus","meaning":"made one's own, suited","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appropriate (verb)","appropriation","appropriately","expropriate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apt","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"cff6dcf1-aa02-4322-aa5a-24020a9d7a92","word":"appropriation","definition":"The action of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apropiación","language_family":"latin","root":"appropriare","root_meaning":"to make one's own, take possession of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"appropriation","meaning":"act of taking for oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"appropriationem","meaning":"a making one's own","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appropriare","meaning":"to make one's own","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proprius","meaning":"one's own, proper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appropriate","proper","property","proprietor","impropriety","expropriate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seizure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"usurpation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"confiscation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"55712c57-16bf-4312-be95-5cfcb8bb5b83","word":"approval","definition":"Official permission or formal agreement to something; a favorable or positive judgment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aprobación","language_family":"latin","root":"approbare","root_meaning":"to assent to, agree with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"approval","meaning":"official permission or agreement","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"approval","meaning":"act of approving","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"approve","meaning":"to assent to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"approver","meaning":"to assent to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"approbare","meaning":"to assent to, agree with","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["approve","approving","approbation","disapprove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorsement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assent","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"14462281-4b14-4982-b390-961c1a1046dd","word":"approve","definition":"To officially accept or agree to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aprobar","language_family":"french","root":"aprover","root_meaning":"to sanction, endorse","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"approbāre","meaning":"To regard as good, approve, from ad + probāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aprover","meaning":"To sanction, endorse.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"approve","meaning":"To officially agree to.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"aprobar","meaning":"To approve.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["approval","approved","disapprove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endorse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"okay","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a6dee8a5-4690-439b-8e94-c1d27c0865e5","word":"approved","definition":"Having received official permission or sanction.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aprobado","language_family":"latin","root":"approbare","root_meaning":"to assent to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"approved","meaning":"officially permitted or sanctioned","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"approve","meaning":"to formally sanction or agree to","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"approver","meaning":"to assent to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"approbare","meaning":"ad- (to) + probare (to assent)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["approve","approval","approver","approvingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authorized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sanctioned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"permitted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorsed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"bea56438-f5c6-408f-a3a1-dc0de1b3f8b6","word":"approximate","definition":"Close to the actual, but not precisely accurate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"aproximado","language_family":"latin","root":"approximare","root_meaning":"to come near","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"approximate","meaning":"nearly exact","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"approximatus","meaning":"approached","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"approximare","meaning":"to come near","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad","meaning":"to, near","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"proximus","meaning":"nearest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prope","meaning":"near","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (past participle)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proximity","proximate","approximation","approach","prop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"estimated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"close","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"4977fc64-e10c-4349-a592-a703cf6f1bcc","word":"approximately","definition":"Roughly; close to a specified number or time but not exactly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"aproximadamente","language_family":"latin","root":"approx","root_meaning":"to come near to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"approximately","meaning":"roughly, nearly","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"approximate","meaning":"nearly correct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"approximatus","meaning":"brought near","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + proximus","meaning":"to + nearest, next","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["approximate","approximation","proximity","proximate","proximal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roughly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"about","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nearly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circa","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"8daf175c-6f09-4ffe-9dcd-ca5c63d30b19","word":"apr","definition":"Abbreviation for April, the fourth month of the year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abril","language_family":"latin","root":"Aprilis","root_meaning":"opening or second month of Roman year","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Apr","meaning":"abbreviation for April","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"April","meaning":"fourth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aprilis","meaning":"opening or second month in Roman year","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["April","Aprilis","month"],"synonyms":[{"word":"April","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fourth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"bc061e48-7f50-40e6-a0d5-1d1704c29591","word":"april","definition":"The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, named from a Latin word meaning 'to open'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abril","language_family":"latin","root":"aperire","root_meaning":"to open","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"april","meaning":"fourth month of the year","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"April","meaning":"month of opening or opening of buds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aperire","meaning":"to open","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aperture","April Fools","apricot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fourth month","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Apr.","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"7255efb6-3e2a-42b2-83e6-8e4fa6c767e4","word":"apron","definition":"A protective garment worn over the front of one's clothes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"naperon","root_meaning":"small table-cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apron","meaning":"protective garment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"napron","meaning":"small tablecloth, piece of cloth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"naperon","meaning":"small tablecloth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nappe","meaning":"tablecloth","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["napkin","napery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pinafore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"01959663-433a-4332-a29a-07ea2c3dca6f","word":"apt","definition":"Appropriate or suitable in the circumstances.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"apto","language_family":"latin","root":"aptus","root_meaning":"fitted, suitable, appropriate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"apt","meaning":"suitable, appropriate","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"apt","meaning":"fitting, inclined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aptus","meaning":"fitted, suitable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aptitude","aperture","adapt","inept"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appropriate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"da13cc48-1bac-42bb-8d16-3cf26e039743","word":"aqua","definition":"Water, especially as used in specific compounds or contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agua","language_family":"latin","root":"aqua","root_meaning":"water","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*akwa-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aqua","meaning":"water","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aqua","meaning":"water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*akwa-","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aquatic","aquarium","aqueduct","aquamarine","aqueous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"water","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"H2O","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"0f76f003-0878-401c-8ddc-370883ea3db7","word":"aquarium","definition":"A transparent tank of water in which fish and other water animals and plants are kept.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acuario","language_family":"latin","root":"aquarium","root_meaning":"a watering place, something pertaining to water","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aquarium","meaning":"a transparent tank of water for aquatic life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aquarium","meaning":"place for water, watering place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aqua","meaning":"water","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*h₂ekʷ-","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aquatic","aqua","aqueduct","aquamarine","aqueous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fish tank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vivarium","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"df621510-194c-426b-b2c6-a8dda48a9a42","word":"aquatic","definition":"Pertaining to water, living in or near water.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"acuático","language_family":"latin","root":"aqua","root_meaning":"water","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*akwa-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aquatic","meaning":"Pertaining to water, living in or near water","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aquaticus","meaning":"of water, relating to water","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aqua","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aquarium","aqueduct","aqueous","aquamarine","aquaplaning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"watery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"aqueous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"e7be52ad-e2ef-4f25-b82f-ef417d0f7197","word":"arab","definition":"A member of an Arabic-speaking people, primarily inhabiting the Middle East and North Africa.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"árabe","language_family":"other","root":"`ʿarab`","root_meaning":"Arab, desert dweller","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Arab","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Arabe","meaning":"Arab","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"classical","word":"Arabs","meaning":"Arabs","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"`ʿarab`","meaning":"Arabs, desert dwellers","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Arabic","Arabia","Arabian","desert","Semitic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Middle Easterner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"North African","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"debdc5fd-30b0-4b2e-a558-d6a905a8cbbc","word":"arabic","definition":"Of or relating to Arabia, the Arabs, or their language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"arábigo","language_family":"other","root":"ʿarabī","root_meaning":"Arab, Arabic","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arabic","meaning":"Of or relating to Arabia or Arabs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Arabic","meaning":"of Arabia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Arabicus","meaning":"Arabian","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Arabia","meaning":"Arabia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ʿarabī","meaning":"Arab, Arabic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ʿarab","meaning":"Arab (nomad)","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Arab","Arabia","Arabian","Arabesque","algorism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oriental","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"middle eastern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"3b526703-62cb-4323-b074-44c2e42b1b7a","word":"arbitrary","definition":"Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"arbitrario","language_family":"latin","root":"arbiter","root_meaning":"judge, umpire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*arbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arbitrary","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"arbitraire","meaning":"uncertain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arbitrarius","meaning":"of an arbiter, uncertain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arbiter","meaning":"judge, umpire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arbiter","arbitration","arbitrate","arbitrament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capricious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"random","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whimsical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subjective","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"06ee33af-d706-4788-8e97-cc9d7aa4c13e","word":"arbitration","definition":"The use of an arbitrator to settle a dispute.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arbitraje","language_family":"latin","root":"arbitrari","root_meaning":"to give judgment, act as an arbiter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arbitration","meaning":"The use of an arbitrator to settle a dispute","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"arbitracion","meaning":"arbitration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arbitrationem","meaning":"act of judging","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arbitrari","meaning":"to give judgment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arbiter","arbitrary","arbitrate","umpire","judge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mediation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjudication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intercession","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"1201bc15-e025-48ec-8fb2-fdc855984a1e","word":"arbor","definition":"A tree or shrub; also, a revolving shaft or spindle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"árbol","language_family":"latin","root":"arbor","root_meaning":"tree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂erh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arbor","meaning":"A tree or shrub; also, a revolving shaft or spindle.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arbor","meaning":"tree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h₂erh₃-","meaning":"to grow, to rise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arboreal","arboretum","arborist","arbour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spindle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"axle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shaft","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"f5a3d53c-cc2d-43c1-adb6-68c06bdfc3de","word":"arc","definition":"A part of the circumference of a circle or other curve.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arco","language_family":"latin","root":"arcus","root_meaning":"bow, arch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arc","meaning":"A part of a curve","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"arc","meaning":"arch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arcus","meaning":"bow, arch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arch","archer","arcade","ark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"568dc580-da9e-46c9-a504-249fc08a4c70","word":"arcade","definition":"A covered passageway with arches along one or both sides.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arcada","language_family":"latin","root":"arcus","root_meaning":"bow, arch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*arku-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arcade","meaning":"arched passageway","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"arcade","meaning":"arched gallery","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"arcata","meaning":"an arch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arcus","meaning":"bow, arch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arch","arc","archway","archery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gallery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colonnade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thoroughfare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"44208187-bcce-49f6-b1f7-4e6bd3bcb587","word":"arch","definition":"A curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arco","language_family":"latin","root":"arcus","root_meaning":"bow, arch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arch","meaning":"curved structure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arche","meaning":"arc, arch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arcus","meaning":"bow, arch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arc","archer","arcade","architecture","arching","archway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"span","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"d33c90e6-80fa-45d4-8a28-4bc41f4404d5","word":"archaeologist","definition":"An archaeologist studies human history through excavation and the analysis of material remains.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arqueólogo","language_family":"greek","root":"arkhaios","root_meaning":"ancient","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"archaeologist","meaning":"a person who studies ancient cultures and remains","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"archaeology","meaning":"the study of human history through material remains","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"archaiologia","meaning":"discourse about ancient things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arkhaios","meaning":"ancient","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"logos","meaning":"speech, account, study","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English via Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["archaeology","archaeological","archaic","archaism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"antiquarian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excavator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"e3475f11-8467-4936-817e-1e2b58fbe5f6","word":"archbishop","definition":"An archbishop is the chief bishop of an archdiocese or a province in some Christian churches.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arzobispo","language_family":"greek","root":"archiepiskopos","root_meaning":"chief overseer","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"archbishop","meaning":"the chief bishop of an archdiocese or a province in some Christian churches","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"archiepiscopus","meaning":"chief bishop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"archi-","meaning":"chief, principal","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"episkopos","meaning":"overseer, bishop","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bishop","archdiocese","archiepiscopal","archdeacon","archangel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prelate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"metropolitan","formality":"formal"},{"word":"primate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"87359d80-9342-4fef-84ec-1be708fcfe76","word":"archer","definition":"A person who shoots with a bow and arrow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arquero","language_family":"french","root":"archier","root_meaning":"bowman","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"arcus","meaning":"Bow, arch.","children":[{"era":"~400 AD","word":"arcarius","meaning":"Bowman.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"archier","meaning":"Bowman.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"archer","meaning":"One who shoots a bow.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"arquero","meaning":"Archer, goalkeeper.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["archery","arc","arch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bowman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toxophilite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shooter","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"98579afb-f421-416e-b89c-c6a3a2913927","word":"architect","definition":"A person who designs buildings and supervises their construction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arquitecto","language_family":"greek","root":"arkhitektōn","root_meaning":"master builder","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"arkhitéktōn (ἀρχιτέκτων)","meaning":"Master builder, chief craftsman. From arkhi- (chief) + tektōn (builder).","children":[{"era":"1560s","word":"architect","meaning":"One who designs buildings.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"arquitecto","meaning":"Architect.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["architecture","architectural","archetype"],"synonyms":[{"word":"designer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"builder","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"5ff3e48f-5090-4592-b17d-ababb259d778","word":"architectural","definition":"Relating to the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"arquitectónico","language_family":"greek","root":"arkhitekton","root_meaning":"master builder","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"5th century BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"architectural","meaning":"relating to architecture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"architectura","meaning":"art of building","children":[{"era":"5th century BCE","word":"arkhitekton","meaning":"master builder","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["architect","architecture","architrave","technique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structural","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constructive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"60a733af-1465-4261-9102-5157caec9034","word":"architecture","definition":"The art and science of designing and constructing buildings and structures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arquitectura","language_family":"greek","root":"architekton","root_meaning":"master builder","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"architecture","meaning":"building design and construction","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"architecture","meaning":"art of building","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"architekton","meaning":"master builder, chief carpenter","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["architect","architectural","architrave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"construction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"building","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"1e1f47ae-f2ac-4dba-b2f4-a8b6b325c5e3","word":"archive","definition":"A collection of historical documents or records.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"archivo","language_family":"greek","root":"arkheion","root_meaning":"public office, records building","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"arkhē","meaning":"Beginning, rule, government.","children":[{"era":"~400 BC","word":"arkheion","meaning":"Public records office.","children":[{"era":"~100 AD","word":"archivum","meaning":"Records, archives.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"archives","meaning":"Historical records.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"archive","meaning":"Collection of records.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"archivo","meaning":"Archive, file.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["archivist","archaic","archaeology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repository","formality":"formal"},{"word":"library","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"fd7b76e7-15e3-4894-82f1-c2801e87b61d","word":"archives","definition":"A collection of historical documents or records, or the building or location where such records are kept.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"archivos","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek archeion","root_meaning":"public office, government building","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"archives","meaning":"collection of historical records","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"archive","meaning":"repository of records","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"archiva","meaning":"records, documents","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"archeion","meaning":"public office, magistrate's residence","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["archive","archivist","archival","archivistical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documents","formality":"formal"},{"word":"repository","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"2f3ccd08-eae6-43bb-9014-32a801d19671","word":"arctic","definition":"Relating to the regions around the North Pole.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ártico","language_family":"greek","root":"arktikos","root_meaning":"of the Bear, northern","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ŕ̥tḱos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arctic","meaning":"Relating to the regions around the North Pole.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"articque","meaning":"northern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arcticus","meaning":"of the north, of the pole star","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arktikos","meaning":"of the Bear, northern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arktos","meaning":"bear","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["antarctic","polar","northern","boreal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"polar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"northern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freezing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frigid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"28441645-70d8-4bd3-8c0e-ae307aeea4b9","word":"are","definition":"Second person singular or plural present indicative form of the verb 'to be'.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"aron","root_meaning":"be, become","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*er","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"are","meaning":"present indicative of be","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"are","meaning":"be, are","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*er","meaning":"to be","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["be","been","being","is","was"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comprise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"eb9e2419-bd5f-4ae9-be13-b4d77f353b0f","word":"area","definition":"A region or part of a space, place, or surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"área","language_family":"latin","root":"area","root_meaning":"vacant piece of ground, threshing floor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"100s BCE","word":"area","meaning":"Open space, vacant ground.","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"area","meaning":"Region of space or surface.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"área","meaning":"Area, zone, region.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["arid","arena"],"synonyms":[{"word":"region","formality":"formal"},{"word":"zone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"space","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"2219fd8f-f5d3-4f8d-a525-d95ef7231389","word":"areas","definition":"Regions or sections of a place; fields of activity or knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"área","language_family":"latin","root":"area","root_meaning":"open space, threshing floor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"areas","meaning":"regions or sections","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"area","meaning":"a region or piece of land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"area","meaning":"open space, threshing floor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["area","aerial","arena"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zones","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"districts","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"2b75fafb-92e9-4050-997f-bab6c3ea112c","word":"arena","definition":"A level area surrounded by seating for spectators, used for sports or entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arena","language_family":"latin","root":"harena","root_meaning":"sand, sandy place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"harena","meaning":"Sand; the sand-strewn floor of amphitheaters.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"arena","meaning":"Central area of an amphitheater.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"arena","meaning":"Sand, arena.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["arenaceous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stadium","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amphitheater","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ring","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"15108789-7fa8-475a-9661-74c98ddeb7a7","word":"argh","definition":"Used to express annoyance, exasperation, or frustration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"argh","meaning":"expression of annoyance","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ugh","grrr","gah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ugh","formality":"informal"},{"word":"drat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blast","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"95ee70be-24fd-43da-841b-e383037a14b6","word":"argue","definition":"To present reasons for or against a thing with a view to influencing others.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"argüir","language_family":"latin","root":"arguere","root_meaning":"to make clear, prove, accuse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*arg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"argue","meaning":"To present reasons for or against a thing","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"arguer","meaning":"to dispute, to contend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arguere","meaning":"to make clear, prove, accuse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["argument","argumentative","arguable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"debate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispute","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"68932f95-77a7-451b-96b9-c4337e5ff1de","word":"argument","definition":"A reason or set of reasons given to support or oppose a proposition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"argumento","language_family":"latin","root":"arguere","root_meaning":"to make clear, prove, accuse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"argument","meaning":"a reason or set of reasons given to support or oppose a proposition","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"argument","meaning":"a reason or proof","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"argumentum","meaning":"proof, evidence, matter of discourse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arguere","meaning":"to make clear, prove, accuse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["argue","argumentation","argumentative","arguer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reason","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contention","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarrel","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"88aae4f8-b09a-4134-8790-e4bd37b51870","word":"aria","definition":"A solo vocal piece, especially in opera.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aria","language_family":"latin","root":"aer","root_meaning":"air","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aria","meaning":"a solo vocal piece","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"aria","meaning":"air; tune; melody","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aer","meaning":"air","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["air","aerial","aerate","aeration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"air","formality":"literary"},{"word":"melody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solo","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"39d718c2-bae2-4de6-b198-3d84f9e0dc88","word":"arise","definition":"To emerge; to come into existence; to stand up.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"arisan","root_meaning":"to rise, get up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reison-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arise","meaning":"To emerge; to come into existence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"arisan","meaning":"to rise, get up (a- + risan)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rise","raise","risen","rouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emerge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"originate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"b26a0913-9bcd-4368-baca-6fd815eb9530","word":"arithmetic","definition":"The branch of mathematics dealing with numbers and basic operations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aritmética","language_family":"greek","root":"arithmētikē","root_meaning":"the art of counting","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"arithmētikḗ (ἀριθμητική)","meaning":"The art of counting. From arithmos (number).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arithmetic","meaning":"The science of numbers.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"aritmética","meaning":"Arithmetic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["arithmetical","algorithm","logarithm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calculation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"math","formality":"informal"},{"word":"computation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"cd34a319-a31e-4bd9-b4c1-8a67200d620f","word":"arizona","definition":"A state in the southwestern United States, or the arid desert region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Arizona","language_family":"other","root":"Arizonac","root_meaning":"possibly 'arid zone' or from O'odham language","root_language":"Native American (Tohono O'odham) or Spanish","root_era":"pre-colonial","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Arizona","meaning":"Southwestern U.S. state","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Arizona","meaning":"Proper noun for region","children":[{"era":"pre-1700s","word":"Arizonac","meaning":"arid zone or small spring","children":[],"language":"O'odham/Spanish hybrid"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Ariz.","Arizonan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Grand Canyon State","formality":"formal"},{"word":"desert region","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"901da98f-dc8f-4f7d-bc45-882e321d2f61","word":"ark","definition":"A chest or coffer, especially one containing the tablets of the Mosaic law (Ark of the Covenant) or a large boat (Noah's Ark).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arca","language_family":"latin","root":"arca","root_meaning":"chest, box, coffer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*areg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ark","meaning":"a chest or boat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"earce","meaning":"chest, coffer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arca","meaning":"chest, box, coffer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arcade","archivist","coffer","chest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coffer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"vessel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"9406089b-afc1-4fac-bdf6-f986b563197c","word":"arlo","definition":"Arlo is a male given name of uncertain origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Arlo","meaning":"a male given name","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Arlen","Arlyn","Arlow","Harlow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"given name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forename","formality":"formal"},{"word":"male name","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"db4a4c14-ecae-4825-8605-4ba9e96c57f0","word":"arm","definition":"Each of the two upper limbs of the human body from the shoulder to the hand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"earm","root_meaning":"arm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*armo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arm","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"earm","meaning":"arm, limb","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*armaz","meaning":"arm","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ar-","meaning":"to fit together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forearm","armpit","embrace","army","disarm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appendage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"extremity","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"ec041322-e732-4d0e-a9d6-218e9fb1ba69","word":"armenian","definition":"Of or relating to Armenia, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"armenio","language_family":"latin","root":"Armenia","root_meaning":"Armenia","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Armenian","meaning":"of or relating to Armenia, its people, or its language","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Armenia","meaning":"Armenia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ἀρμενία","meaning":"Armenia","children":[{"era":"late 6th century BCE","word":"Armina","meaning":"Armenia","children":[],"language":"Old Persian"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-an","meaning":"suffix meaning 'of or pertaining to'","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Armenia","Armenians","Armenic","Armenianize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Armenic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Armenoid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Armenia-related","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"13e50ea7-3373-498a-a4d1-d0dc5538c3d9","word":"armor","definition":"A protective covering, especially one used for military purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"armadura","language_family":"latin","root":"armatura","root_meaning":"equipment, armor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"armor","meaning":"A protective covering, especially one used for military purposes.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"armure","meaning":"armor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"armatura","meaning":"equipment, armor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arma","meaning":"weapons, tools, equipment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["armory","armored","armament","arms"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cuirass","formality":"technical"},{"word":"panoply","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"8bb2d7df-7f6b-4635-8dfd-b49f5db0cad9","word":"arms","definition":"Weapons or equipment for fighting; the limbs extending from the shoulders.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"armas","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin arma","root_meaning":"weapons, equipment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arms","meaning":"weapons or limbs","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arms","meaning":"weapons or limbs","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"armes","meaning":"weapons","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arma","meaning":"weapons, equipment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arm","armed","armor","armada"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weapons","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limbs","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guns","formality":"informal"},{"word":"artillery","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"79de98fd-2dba-46aa-9286-fedc3ab121d0","word":"army","definition":"An organized military force equipped for fighting on land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"armada","language_family":"french","root":"armée","root_meaning":"armed force","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*ar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ar-","meaning":"To fit together.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"arma","meaning":"Arms, weapons, gear.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"armée","meaning":"Armed force.","children":[{"era":"1380s","word":"army","meaning":"Large organized military force.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"armada","meaning":"Fleet, armed force.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["arm","armor","armament","armada"],"synonyms":[{"word":"military","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forces","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"troops","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"042c63e1-c7b2-4d73-ab21-ba08111c0b44","word":"aroma","definition":"A pleasant smell or fragrance, especially from food, spices, or a substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aroma","language_family":"greek","root":"ἄρωμα","root_meaning":"spice; sweet herb; fragrance","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aroma","meaning":"a pleasant smell or fragrance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aroma","meaning":"aroma","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aroma","meaning":"aromatic spice or fragrance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἄρωμα","meaning":"spice; sweet herb; fragrance","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aromatic","aromatize","aromatherapy","aromatization","aromatics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragrance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"99bddfe2-0f7a-48fc-933b-6eb64c0a883b","word":"around","definition":"On all sides of something; approximately; in the vicinity of.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"round","root_meaning":"circular, wheel-like","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃ret-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"around","meaning":"on all sides of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"a-round","meaning":"in a round form","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"round","meaning":"circular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotundus","meaning":"round, circular","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["round","roundabout","surround"],"synonyms":[{"word":"about","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encircling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"approximately","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"5e7db6c4-3950-4aba-8512-53e1e45c88d9","word":"arrange","definition":"To put things in a neat or required order.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"arreglar","language_family":"french","root":"arangier","root_meaning":"to put in order","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 AD","word":"ad+*hring","meaning":"To put in a ring, arrange in rows.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"arangier","meaning":"To put in order, line up.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"arrange","meaning":"To organize, put in order.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"arreglar","meaning":"To arrange, fix.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin/Frankish"},"related_words":["arrangement","rearrange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"6a738938-d929-4765-ba5b-47cd7ad39ff6","word":"arrangement","definition":"The action, process, or result of arranging or being arranged.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arreglo","language_family":"french","root":"arrenger","root_meaning":"to put in a row, order","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arrangement","meaning":"The action, process, or result of arranging or being arranged.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"arrangement","meaning":"the act of arranging","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arrenger","meaning":"to put in a row, order","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"rang","meaning":"rank, row","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arrange","arranged","arranging","disarrangement","rearrange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"setup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"configuration","formality":"technical"},{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"d6128832-c710-4986-8c0d-c6fe114d6414","word":"array","definition":"An ordered arrangement or display of things; a collection or assortment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arreglo","language_family":"french","root":"arréer","root_meaning":"to arrange, put in order","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"array","meaning":"ordered arrangement or display","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arréer","meaning":"to arrange, put in order","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"a- (prefix) + rée","meaning":"to, toward + ready/prepared","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arrange","arrayed","arraying","arrays","disarray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemblage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"b493a3a3-68ac-455f-be97-3db371627079","word":"arrest","definition":"To seize someone by legal authority.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"arrestar","language_family":"french","root":"arester","root_meaning":"to stop, stay","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"ad restāre","meaning":"To remain, stop, from ad + restāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"arester","meaning":"To stop, stay, seize.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"arrest","meaning":"To seize by authority.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"arrestar","meaning":"To arrest.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["arrested","arresting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apprehend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"aac5e3d2-56c8-44aa-8e0a-bd149d264a54","word":"arrival","definition":"The act of reaching a destination or coming to a place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arribo","language_family":"french","root":"arriver","root_meaning":"to come to shore, arrive","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arrival","meaning":"The act of reaching a destination","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"arriver","meaning":"to come to shore, arrive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adripare","meaning":"to reach shore (ad 'to' + ripa 'bank, shore')","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arrive","arriviste","arriver","argosy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appearance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"9eabb5c1-867c-4bc9-8275-ab954b107484","word":"arrive","definition":"To reach a destination at the end of a journey.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"arribar","language_family":"french","root":"ariver","root_meaning":"to come to shore","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"ad rīpam","meaning":"To the shore, from ad + rīpa (bank).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ariver","meaning":"To come to shore, reach land.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arrive","meaning":"To reach a destination.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"arribar","meaning":"To arrive, reach port.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["arrival","arriving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"4f057d34-1435-4675-9ab1-91fcaa6aade9","word":"arrogance","definition":"Overbearing pride or a contemptuous sense of self-importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arrogancia","language_family":"latin","root":"arrogare","root_meaning":"to claim for oneself; to appropriate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arrogance","meaning":"overbearing pride or self-importance","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"arrogaunce","meaning":"arrogance","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"arrogance","meaning":"arrogance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arrogantia","meaning":"arrogance; presumption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arrogare","meaning":"to claim for oneself; to appropriate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + rogare","meaning":"to ask toward; to request","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arrogant","arrogantly","arrogate","arrogation","arrogative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pride","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haughtiness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conceit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"89e1f254-7d22-48f0-851c-432b5f7e8bde","word":"arrogant","definition":"Having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"arrogante","language_family":"latin","root":"arrogans","root_meaning":"assuming, insolent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arrogant","meaning":"Having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arrogant","meaning":"arrogant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arrogans","meaning":"assuming, insolent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arrogare","meaning":"to claim for oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"rogare","meaning":"to ask","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arrogation","interrogate","prerogative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"haughty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supercilious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"presumptuous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"bff89d7b-eefe-4829-a56d-eece43c8c0a0","word":"arrow","definition":"A shaft, typically pointed, shot from a bow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"arwaz","root_meaning":"arrow","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*arkw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arrow","meaning":"A shaft, typically pointed, shot from a bow.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"earh","meaning":"arrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"arwaz","meaning":"arrow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["archer","archery","arrowhead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shaft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"195149e4-a421-4bb8-882c-addb484e302c","word":"arse","definition":"The buttocks or rump.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ærs","root_meaning":"buttocks","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*arsaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arse","meaning":"The buttocks or rump.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ærs","meaning":"buttocks","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*arsaz","meaning":"buttocks, hind part","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buttocks","rump","rear","hindquarters"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buttocks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bum","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"edbe7dfc-bc62-4d51-ba27-8e445b932882","word":"arsenic","definition":"A poisonous chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arsénico","language_family":"greek","root":"ἀρσενικόν","root_meaning":"yellow arsenic","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arsenic","meaning":"poisonous chemical element As","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arsenik","meaning":"arsenic","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"arsenic","meaning":"arsenic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arsenicum","meaning":"arsenic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀρσενικόν","meaning":"yellow arsenic","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arsenical","arsenide","arsenate","arsenious","arsenicous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arsenicum","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"white arsenic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"arsenic trioxide","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"ac99eb65-47e3-43b9-b492-f9ee7a9292be","word":"arson","definition":"Arson is the deliberate criminal setting of fire to property.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"ardere","root_meaning":"to burn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arson","meaning":"deliberate fire-setting","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Anglo-French arsun","meaning":"arson","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Old French arsun","meaning":"arson","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"Vulgar Latin *arsionem","meaning":"a burning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin ardere","meaning":"to burn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arsonist","incendiary","fire-setting","fire-raising"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fire-setting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fire-raising","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incendiarism","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"88b5e361-cbd5-4567-a3ed-a70f927bd461","word":"art","definition":"The expression of creative skill and imagination.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arte","language_family":"french","root":"art","root_meaning":"skill, craft","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"artem","meaning":"Skill, craft, art.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"art","meaning":"Skill, craft, learning.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"art","meaning":"Creative expression, skill.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"arte","meaning":"Art, skill.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["artist","artistic","artisan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"craft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fine art","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"0f23507a-9240-4385-8cda-87f8b8560411","word":"artery","definition":"Any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arteria","language_family":"greek","root":"artēria","root_meaning":"windpipe, artery","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*h₂er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"artery","meaning":"blood vessel","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"arterie","meaning":"artery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"artēria","meaning":"artery, windpipe","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ἀρτηρία (artēria)","meaning":"windpipe, artery","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arteriole","arteriosclerosis","aorta"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blood vessel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"conduit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tube","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"cd8a55a9-7998-48d0-a946-926b9b351fef","word":"arthritis","definition":"Inflammation of a joint or joints, causing pain and stiffness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"artritis","language_family":"greek","root":"arthron, -itis","root_meaning":"joint, inflammation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ar- (for arthron)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arthritis","meaning":"Inflammation of a joint or joints, causing pain and stiffness.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arthron","meaning":"joint","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ar-","meaning":"to fit, to join","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-itis","meaning":"inflammation","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arthropod","arthroscope","bronchitis","tonsillitis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joint inflammation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rheumatism","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"cb60b243-762a-4f5f-8872-77530b27ced3","word":"article","definition":"A piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine; also a grammatical word like 'the' or 'a'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"artículo","language_family":"latin","root":"articulus","root_meaning":"small joint, division","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s","proto_root":"*ar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"200s BCE","word":"artus","meaning":"Joint of the body.","children":[{"era":"100s","word":"articulus","meaning":"Small joint, clause, moment.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"article","meaning":"A clause; later a piece of writing.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"artículo","meaning":"Article, item.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["articulate","articulation","joint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essay","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"1a942bcb-1f58-4b46-a5fd-6412c55e64cc","word":"articles","definition":"Plural of article; individual items, written pieces, or grammatical words used before nouns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"artículos","language_family":"latin","root":"articulus","root_meaning":"small joint or division","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"articles","meaning":"individual items or written pieces","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"article","meaning":"a clause or section","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"articulus","meaning":"small joint or division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"artus","meaning":"joint or limb","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["article","articulate","articular","articulation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"items","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pieces","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"writings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"d310c968-77a5-4e4c-bb08-077c6664af48","word":"artifact","definition":"An artifact is a man-made object, especially one of historical or archaeological interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"artefacto","language_family":"latin","root":"arte factum","root_meaning":"a thing made by skill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"artifact","meaning":"a man-made object","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arte factum","meaning":"a thing made by skill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ars","meaning":"skill, craft, art","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["art","artificial","fabricate","fact","factory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"object","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curio","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"333e7cb7-48de-4f2c-90b3-f3b80423c1b9","word":"artificial","definition":"Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, especially as a copy of something natural.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"artificial","language_family":"latin","root":"artificium","root_meaning":"a handicraft, a work of art, skill, theory, system","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"artificial","meaning":"Made or produced by human beings","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"artificialis","meaning":"skillful, artistic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"artificium","meaning":"a handicraft, a work of art, skill, theory, system","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["artifice","artisan","artist","art"],"synonyms":[{"word":"synthetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"man-made","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unnatural","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"198d9c82-9a66-4a94-a39c-4646a535f7ac","word":"artist","definition":"A person who creates works of art such as paintings, sculptures, or music.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"artista","language_family":"latin","root":"ars","root_meaning":"art, skill, craft","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"artist","meaning":"creator of art","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"artist","meaning":"practitioner of an art","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"artiste","meaning":"skilled craftsperson","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ars","meaning":"art, skill","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["art","artisan","artistic","artistry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craftsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtuoso","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"f9c79cc7-7890-4c16-9f5e-92245faf3add","word":"artistic","definition":"Having or revealing an aesthetic sense of beauty; relating to art or artists.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"artístico","language_family":"latin","root":"ars","root_meaning":"skill, craft, art","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"artistic","meaning":"relating to art or artists","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"artistique","meaning":"artistic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ars","meaning":"skill, craft, art","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["art","artist","artisan","inertia","artifact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aesthetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imaginative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cultured","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"56f35684-f5c9-4357-9f5b-1d6c7c009248","word":"artists","definition":"Plural of artist; persons who create works of art or perform creative work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"artistas","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin ars","root_meaning":"art, craft, skill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"artists","meaning":"creative practitioners","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"artista","meaning":"craftsman, artist","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"artist","meaning":"one who practices art","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ars","meaning":"art, craft","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*ar-","meaning":"to fit, join","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["artist","artistry","artistic","artisan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creators","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craftspeople","formality":"formal"},{"word":"performers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"83b2ca8c-5bec-43d0-9fa3-c9d2eab5bf07","word":"arts","definition":"Creative activities and expressions such as painting, music, and literature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"artes","language_family":"latin","root":"ars","root_meaning":"art, skill, craft","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"arts","meaning":"creative expressions and skills","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"art","meaning":"art, skill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ars","meaning":"art, craft, skill","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["art","artist","artistic","artful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creative works","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crafts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disciplines","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"968f06d0-1f4a-42ed-befa-c15d17001ac9","word":"artwork","definition":"A painting, drawing, sculpture, or other artistic creation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"art, work","root_meaning":"skill, craft; labor, effort","root_language":"Old French (art) / Proto-Germanic (work)","root_era":"1200s (art) / pre-1100 (work)","proto_root":"*ar- (art); *werg- (work)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"artwork","meaning":"artistic creation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"art","meaning":"skill, craft","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"art","meaning":"art, skill","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"ars (art-)","meaning":"skill, craft","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"work","meaning":"labor, effort","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorc","meaning":"deed, action","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*werka-","meaning":"work","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["artist","artisan","workshop","workman","masterpiece"],"synonyms":[{"word":"art","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"3af3cac6-f469-47cb-be2d-313db465a1af","word":"asbestos","definition":"A heat-resistant fibrous silicate mineral that can be woven into fabric, formerly used in fireproof material and insulation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asbesto","language_family":"greek","root":"asbestos","root_meaning":"unquenchable, inextinguishable","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asbestos","meaning":"Fibrous mineral","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asbestus","meaning":"unquenchable, inextinguishable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asbestos","meaning":"unquenchable, inextinguishable","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["asbestosis","amianthus","fibrous","insulation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chrysotile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mineral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insulation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"8816ba90-2d26-4600-86c2-210475359cfb","word":"ash","definition":"The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æsce","root_meaning":"ash, cinders","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*as-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ash","meaning":"The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æsce","meaning":"ash, cinders","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*askō","meaning":"ash","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*as-","meaning":"burn, glow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cinder","ashen","ashes","ash-tray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"d2ad1a44-cef7-4f01-8ef5-10d35603c1f4","word":"ashamed","definition":"Feeling embarrassed or guilty because of one's actions, characteristics, or associations.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æscamian","root_meaning":"to shame","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skam-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ashamed","meaning":"Feeling embarrassed or guilty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æscamian","meaning":"to shame","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skamōną","meaning":"to shame","children":[{"era":"circa 4500-2500 BCE","word":"*skem-","meaning":"to cover, to conceal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shame","shamed","shameless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embarrassed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mortified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guilty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"ce68508d-2758-4d9f-b726-03aa29c7451a","word":"ashore","definition":"On or to the shore.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on shore","root_meaning":"on land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ashore","meaning":"on or to the shore","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a-","meaning":"on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shore","meaning":"land bordering water","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shore","land","beach","offshore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"landed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"on land","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"7906a0b5-2e1d-4fef-8899-6dabf9efb920","word":"ashtray","definition":"A receptacle for ash and cigarette or cigar butts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ashtray","meaning":"a receptacle for ash and cigarette or cigar butts","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ash","meaning":"ash, ashes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*askǭ","meaning":"ash, ashes","children":[{"era":"8000s BCE","word":"*h₂eHs-","meaning":"to be dry; to burn; hearth; ashes","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tray","meaning":"a wooden board, tray, or vessel for carrying things","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*trawją","meaning":"wooden vessel","children":[{"era":"8000s BCE","word":"*drewo-","meaning":"wood; tree","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ash","tray","ashbin","ashcan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ash stand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ash receptacle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"smoker's tray","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"5dfa30bf-2b17-4740-8ce0-6c33fcc0a38c","word":"asia","definition":"The world's largest continent, comprising numerous countries and cultures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Asia","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek Asia","root_meaning":"eastern lands","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Asia","meaning":"largest continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Asia","meaning":"eastern region","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"asis","meaning":"women, goddesses","children":[],"language":"Akkadian"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Asian","Asiatic","East Asia","Southeast Asia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Orient","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Far East","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"fa77b83c-07a5-4cea-b46b-2ed543ed2853","word":"asian","definition":"Relating to or originating from Asia, the world's largest continent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"asiático","language_family":"latin","root":"Asia","root_meaning":"the continent Asia","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Asian","meaning":"relating to Asia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Asia","meaning":"the eastern continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek Ἀσία","meaning":"eastern regions","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Asiatic","Asia","Asians"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Oriental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"East Asian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Asiatic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"9667dae5-d40d-47ec-b453-d9561da462db","word":"aside","definition":"To one side; out of the way.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sīde","root_meaning":"side, flank","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sīdō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aside","meaning":"To one side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a-","meaning":"on, in","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"side, flank","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["side","sideways","beside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separately","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"away","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"d649ac9f-7c98-45e2-b638-6797c786de7e","word":"ask","definition":"To say something in order to obtain an answer or some information.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"preguntar","language_family":"germanic","root":"ascian","root_meaning":"to ask, to inquire","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*aisk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"ask","meaning":"To pose a question.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ascian","meaning":"To ask, to inquire.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*aisk-","meaning":"To seek out.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["asked","asking","asking price"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"query","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"request","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"f2f7d079-2a8d-4ba3-8298-913d5f7916e3","word":"asked","definition":"Past tense of ask; requested information, assistance, or permission from someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ask","root_meaning":"to ask, inquire","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*eisk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asked","meaning":"past tense of ask","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ask","meaning":"to request, inquire","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*eisk-","meaning":"to ask, inquire","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ask","asking","asker","question","request"],"synonyms":[{"word":"requested","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquired","formality":"formal"},{"word":"questioned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"queried","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.701Z"}
{"id":"6457bf76-ebea-4653-9b70-e8e811b2c677","word":"asleep","definition":"In a state of sleep; sleeping.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on slæpe","root_meaning":"in sleep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*slēp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asleep","meaning":"In a state of sleep; sleeping.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on slæpe","meaning":"in sleep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slæp","meaning":"sleep","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*slēp-","meaning":"sleep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleep","sleepy","slumber","nap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sleeping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dozing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unconscious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"0c7475b0-34f2-457f-a8e1-55ea42a0f6fd","word":"asp","definition":"A small, venomous snake, especially an Egyptian cobra or a European viper.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"áspid","language_family":"greek","root":"aspis","root_meaning":"venomous snake","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asp","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aspe","meaning":"asp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aspidem","meaning":"accusative of aspis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aspis","meaning":"venomous snake","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aspis","viper","cobra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viper","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cobra","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"ed66b05e-2125-448f-bf38-ba4c7c72c4d3","word":"asparagus","definition":"A plant (Asparagus officinalis) whose tender young shoots are widely eaten as a vegetable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espárrago","language_family":"greek","root":"asparagos","root_meaning":"sprout, shoot","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asparagus","meaning":"edible plant shoots","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asparagus","meaning":"a plant with edible shoots","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀσπάραγος (asparagos)","meaning":"sprout, shoot","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sparrow-grass","asparagine","asparaginase","sparge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sparrow-grass","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"grass","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"3688c453-0343-4561-b5cf-9bd94b927288","word":"aspect","definition":"A particular part or feature of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aspecto","language_family":"latin","root":"aspicere","root_meaning":"to look at, behold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aspect","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"aspect","meaning":"appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aspectus","meaning":"a looking at, appearance (from aspicere 'to look at')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inspect","respect","perspective","spectacle","spectrum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"facet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dimension","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"58823437-d6c8-4396-9a5f-f46f0dab331f","word":"aspects","definition":"Particular ways of looking at or considering something; distinct features or elements of a situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aspectos","language_family":"latin","root":"aspectus","root_meaning":"appearance, view, sight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aspects","meaning":"particular features or viewpoints","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"aspect","meaning":"appearance, sight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aspectus","meaning":"appearance, view","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aspicere","meaning":"to look at, to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aspect","aspection","aspective","inspect","respect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"facets","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"features","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dimensions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"angles","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"fa45816b-c1f6-420c-85fe-f8dd31fdbe65","word":"ass","definition":"A donkey; also used informally to refer to a foolish person or the buttocks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asno","language_family":"latin","root":"asinus","root_meaning":"donkey","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ass","meaning":"donkey, foolish person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"assa","meaning":"donkey","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asinus","meaning":"donkey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["asinine","donkey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"donkey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"8cd2f1f3-ccde-4027-94d1-b9e6cb445b84","word":"assailant","definition":"A person who attacks someone violently or aggressively.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"salīre","root_meaning":"to leap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assailant","meaning":"a person who attacks someone violently or aggressively","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assaillant","meaning":"assailing; attacking","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assaillir","meaning":"to assail, attack","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assalīre","meaning":"to assail, leap upon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + salīre","meaning":"to leap toward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salīre","meaning":"to leap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assail","assailable","assailing","assault","assaulter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attacker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aggressor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assailer","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"578f137e-9e3f-407a-b000-bb819a398985","word":"assassin","definition":"A person who murders an important figure, especially for political reasons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asesino","language_family":"other","root":"ḥashshāshīn","root_meaning":"hashish eaters","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"1000s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"ḥashshāshīn","meaning":"Members of a medieval Ismaili sect; literally 'hashish users'.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assassino","meaning":"Killer for hire.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"assassin","meaning":"Political killer.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"assassin","meaning":"One who murders a prominent person.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"asesino","meaning":"Murderer.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["assassinate","assassination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"killer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hitman","formality":"informal"},{"word":"murderer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"927ef78d-3cb3-448f-b90a-3b6469d5173e","word":"assassination","definition":"The murder of an important person for political or religious reasons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asesinato","language_family":"other","root":"hashīshīn","root_meaning":"users of hashish","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assassination","meaning":"the murder of an important person for political or religious reasons","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"assassinat","meaning":"assassination","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"assassino","meaning":"assassin","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hashīshīn","meaning":"users of hashish","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assassin","assassinate","assassinator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"murder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"killing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slaying","formality":"literary"},{"word":"execution","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"d1964671-7787-4de4-b7fb-a0f3ed42e4bf","word":"assault","definition":"A violent physical or verbal attack on a person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asalto","language_family":"french","root":"assalire","root_meaning":"to leap upon","root_language":"Old French / Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assault","meaning":"violent attack","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assaut","meaning":"attack, storm","children":[{"era":"500s–800s","word":"assalire","meaning":"to leap upon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + salire","meaning":"toward + to leap","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*sel-","meaning":"to jump, leap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assailant","assail","sally","exult","insult"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"battery","formality":"technical"},{"word":"onslaught","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aggression","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"637289cf-4eab-47af-95e3-bddee63852b7","word":"assemble","definition":"To come together or bring parts together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ensamblar","language_family":"french","root":"assembler","root_meaning":"to gather together","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"assimulāre","meaning":"To bring together, from ad + simulāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"assembler","meaning":"To gather together, collect.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assemble","meaning":"To gather, put together.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ensamblar","meaning":"To assemble, join.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["assembly","assemblage","disassemble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congregate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"fde38450-8e16-41e3-8b0e-c83fc5a46d8b","word":"assembly","definition":"A group of people gathered together for a common purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asamblea","language_family":"latin","root":"assemblare","root_meaning":"to bring together","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assembly","meaning":"a gathering of people","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"assemble","meaning":"to bring together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assemblare","meaning":"to put together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assemble","assemblage","assembler","assemblyman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congregation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"1d204be6-5a3f-4b8b-b299-5e58e1e6ad54","word":"assess","definition":"To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asesorar","language_family":"latin","root":"assidere","root_meaning":"to sit beside, to assist in judgment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assess","meaning":"evaluate","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"assesse","meaning":"to fix a tax, to rate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"asseser","meaning":"to sit by, assist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assidere","meaning":"to sit beside, to assist a judge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assessment","session","preside","reside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evaluate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appraise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"judge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"95ce1b83-09b6-489a-8a40-a271f2dfa771","word":"assessment","definition":"The evaluation or estimation of the value, amount, or quality of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"evaluación","language_family":"latin","root":"assessare","root_meaning":"to sit beside, to evaluate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assessment","meaning":"evaluation of value","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"assess","meaning":"to evaluate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assessare","meaning":"to sit beside, estimate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + sedere","meaning":"to + sit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assess","assessed","assessor","reassessment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evaluation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appraisal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"judgment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"42674569-9385-4f6c-827f-546fefffb6a2","word":"asset","definition":"A useful or valuable thing, person, or quality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"assez","root_meaning":"Enough.","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asset","meaning":"A valuable item","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"assetz","meaning":"enough (in the sense of property or resources to satisfy debts)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assez","meaning":"enough","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad satis","meaning":"to sufficiency","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["satiate","satisfy","assets (plural)","satisfaction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resource","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advantage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"property","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"6f49a8c1-74d1-4cd2-ac0e-4a33c5015ddf","word":"assets","definition":"Useful or valuable things; items of value owned by a person or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"activos","language_family":"latin","root":"ad satis","root_meaning":"to suffice, enough","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assets","meaning":"valuable possessions","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"asset","meaning":"sufficient property","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assez","meaning":"enough, sufficient","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + satis","meaning":"to + enough","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["asset","assetless","capital assets","fixed assets","liquid assets"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possessions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holdings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resources","formality":"formal"},{"word":"property","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"20572f70-cb59-440c-a43e-d159be59e4c0","word":"asshole","definition":"A person who is stupid, obnoxious, or contemptible.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ars-hole","root_meaning":"anus-hole","root_language":"English","root_era":"15th century (as 'ars-hole')","proto_root":"*ers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asshole","meaning":"A person who is stupid, obnoxious, or contemptible.","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"ass-hole","meaning":"anus-hole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ass","meaning":"buttocks","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hole","meaning":"hole","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ass","hole","buttocks","anus","jerk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jerk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cretin","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"ece28abb-8d63-47c3-a517-1ad0b82a2fc7","word":"assign","definition":"To allocate a task or duty to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asignar","language_family":"latin","root":"assignare","root_meaning":"to mark out, allot by sign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assign","meaning":"To allocate a task or duty to someone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assigner","meaning":"to assign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assignare","meaning":"to mark out, allot by sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"signare","meaning":"to mark, sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"mark, sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assignment","insignia","sign","design","designate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apportion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delegate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"ce88bd89-fcbc-4820-87eb-5101e544d549","word":"assignment","definition":"A task or piece of work allocated to someone as part of a job or course of study.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asignación","language_family":"french","root":"assigner","root_meaning":"to allot, appoint","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assignment","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assignement","meaning":"assignment, appointment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assigner","meaning":"to assign, to allot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assignare","meaning":"to assign, to allot by sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assign","signature","design","signal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"task","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chore","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"30b4d8df-b442-49a0-be9a-0cbf007927ca","word":"assist","definition":"To help someone with a task.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asistir","language_family":"french","root":"assister","root_meaning":"to stand by, help","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"assistere","meaning":"To stand by, take a stand near.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assister","meaning":"To stand by, help, attend.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"assist","meaning":"To help, give aid.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"asistir","meaning":"To assist, attend.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["assistance","assistant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a906f2ec-bc83-4199-96fc-ac82a06ae407","word":"assistance","definition":"Help or support provided to someone in need.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asistencia","language_family":"latin","root":"assistere","root_meaning":"to stand by, stand near","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assistance","meaning":"help or support","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"assist","meaning":"to help, support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assistere","meaning":"to stand by","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assist","assistant","assisted","assisting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"64bfadba-5ed5-471a-b9e3-390cc4503304","word":"assistant","definition":"A person who helps or supports someone else in their work or duties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asistente","language_family":"latin","root":"assistere","root_meaning":"to stand by, aid","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ad- + *stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assistant","meaning":"helper or supporter","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"assistant","meaning":"one who assists","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assistere","meaning":"to stand by, aid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assist","assistance","assisted","assisting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"helper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aide","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subordinate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"1a52176a-8635-4afd-ba52-32c93ba3e22c","word":"associate","definition":"To connect or join together with someone or something; a companion or colleague.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asociar","language_family":"latin","root":"associare","root_meaning":"to unite with, join","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"associate","meaning":"to connect or join","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"associate","meaning":"to join with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"associare","meaning":"to unite with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + sociare","meaning":"to + companion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["association","associative","associated","dissociate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colleague","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"be61e5e3-f4ef-4038-96b5-35f165f4a820","word":"associated","definition":"Connected or linked with something; united in a partnership or relationship.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asociado","language_family":"latin","root":"associare","root_meaning":"to join together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"associated","meaning":"connected or linked","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"associate","meaning":"to join together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"associare","meaning":"to join as a colleague","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + socius","meaning":"to + companion, ally","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["associate","association","dissociate","associating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"linked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partnered","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"4dd27f76-f06d-484f-b1a7-8a41d65032c2","word":"associates","definition":"People who work or spend time together, or to connect in one's mind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asociados","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin associare","root_meaning":"to join with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"associates","meaning":"companions; persons connected in work or purpose","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"associate","meaning":"to join with, connect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"associare","meaning":"to join with, unite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + socius","meaning":"to + companion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["associate","association","associated","associative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"colleagues","formality":"formal"},{"word":"companions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partners","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confederates","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"65ec670c-6e0d-44c9-8be5-4bce54cd44f7","word":"association","definition":"A group of people organized for a common purpose or the action of connecting things together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asociación","language_family":"latin","root":"associare","root_meaning":"to unite with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*soci-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"association","meaning":"a group or connection","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"associate","meaning":"to join with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"associare","meaning":"to unite with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"socius","meaning":"companion, ally","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["associate","associated","associative","dissociate","society"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"society","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partnership","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"c55a2af7-c66a-44e8-a07b-f5e9f0fa55d1","word":"assume","definition":"To take something for granted or accept as true without proof.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asumir","language_family":"latin","root":"assumere","root_meaning":"to take up, adopt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*em-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assume","meaning":"to take for granted","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"assume","meaning":"to take upon oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assumere","meaning":"to take up, adopt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + sumere","meaning":"to + take","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*em-","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assumption","assumed","assuming","reassume","presume","consume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presuppose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suppose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"postulate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"cda6c815-1559-4106-800d-6fd154b7f91b","word":"assumption","definition":"A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asunción","language_family":"latin","root":"assumptio","root_meaning":"a taking up, a taking to oneself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*em-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"assumption","meaning":"A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assumptio","meaning":"a taking up, a taking to oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"assumere","meaning":"to take up, take to oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sumere","meaning":"to take","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"emere","meaning":"to take, to buy","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*em-","meaning":"to take, distribute","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["presume","consume","resume","sumptuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presumption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hypothesis","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supposition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"1fe60e40-1a36-466f-9312-42c894f6a11d","word":"assurance","definition":"A positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aseguramiento","language_family":"french","root":"asseürance","root_meaning":"assurance, certainty","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*securus","etymology_tree":{"era":"14th century","word":"assurance","meaning":"certainty, pledge","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"asseürance","meaning":"assurance, certainty","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"asseürer","meaning":"to assure, make safe","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"assecurare","meaning":"to make safe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"securus","meaning":"safe, secure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assure","insured","secure","security"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guarantee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certainty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"a4862fc4-4434-400b-8119-522f0234e526","word":"assure","definition":"To tell someone something positively or confidently to dispel doubt, or to guarantee a result.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asegurar","language_family":"french","root":"assecurare","root_meaning":"to make safe/secure (ad- 'to' + securus 'free from care')","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*kʷeys-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s–present","word":"assure","meaning":"to make certain, to give confidence to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"assurer","meaning":"to reassure, to secure","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"assecurare","meaning":"to make safe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + securus","meaning":"ad- (to/toward) + securus (safe, carefree: se- without + cura care)","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kʷeys-","meaning":"to heed, observe (root of cura)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Classical Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assurance","assured","reassure","ensure","insure","secure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guarantee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"affirm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"convince","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certify","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"b2e813ea-f7c9-43d4-b0f2-b6b5f774679a","word":"asteroid","definition":"A small rocky body orbiting the Sun, especially one found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asteroide","language_family":"greek","root":"astēr","root_meaning":"star","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ster-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asteroid","meaning":"A small rocky body orbiting the Sun","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"asteroeides","meaning":"star-like","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"astēr","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-oeidēs","meaning":"-form, -like","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["astronomy","astronaut","stellar","disaster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"minor planet","formality":"technical"},{"word":"planetoid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"72296884-33e0-43b0-ba15-38051dbb0a91","word":"asthma","definition":"A respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asma","language_family":"greek","root":"asthma","root_meaning":"panting, short breath","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*anse-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asthma","meaning":"A respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asthma","meaning":"asthma","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ἄσθμα (ásthma)","meaning":"panting, short breath","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["asthmatic","dyspnea","pneumonia","bronchitis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wheezing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breathlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"respiratory distress","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"3afd8b81-2d62-4c3c-85d4-11ab4a317f22","word":"astonish","definition":"To surprise or impress someone profoundly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asombrar","language_family":"french","root":"estoner","root_meaning":"to stun, to deafen, to astound","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*tonh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"astonish","meaning":"surprise profoundly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"astonien","meaning":"to stun, astound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estoner","meaning":"to stun, deafen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out, completely","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tonare","meaning":"to thunder","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*tonh₂-","meaning":"to thunder","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stun","astound","thunder","tone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amaze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surprise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baffle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"bc0c3ddc-8ab9-4fcb-8492-7e3e4e012e22","word":"astrology","definition":"The study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"astrología","language_family":"greek","root":"astrologia","root_meaning":"star-discourse, study of the stars","root_language":"Latin (from Greek)","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ster-, *leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"astrology","meaning":"study of celestial influence","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"astrologie","meaning":"astrology","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"astrologia","meaning":"astronomy, astrology","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀστρολογία (astrología)","meaning":"star-discourse, study of the stars","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἄστρον (astron)","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"λόγος (logos)","meaning":"word, study","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["astronomy","astrologer","astrological"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horoscopy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"zodiac","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"05f44d2a-4d4d-46b3-9f2f-e69b09823764","word":"astronaut","definition":"a person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"astronauta","language_family":"greek","root":"astron","root_meaning":"star","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ster-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"astronaut","meaning":"space traveler","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"astron","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"nautes","meaning":"sailor","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["astronomy","disaster","nautical","aquanaut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spaceman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cosmonaut","formality":"technical"},{"word":"space explorer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"f4d0c213-ae0a-4b4e-a65f-e9f0216a86ff","word":"astronomer","definition":"A person who studies celestial bodies and the universe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"astrónomo","language_family":"greek","root":"astronomos","root_meaning":"star-regulating; astronomer","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"astronomer","meaning":"a person who studies celestial bodies and the universe","children":[{"era":"late 14th c.","word":"astronomy","meaning":"the study of the stars and planets","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"astronomia","meaning":"astronomy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"astronomos","meaning":"star-regulating; astronomer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"astron","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"nomos","meaning":"arranging; law","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"late 14th c.","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["astronomy","astronomical","astronaut","astrology","astrologer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stargazer","formality":"informal"},{"word":"celestial scientist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skywatcher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"e9a53e81-09b5-4fb5-9cfb-dcee96d5f085","word":"astronomy","definition":"The scientific study of celestial objects, space, and the universe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"astronomía","language_family":"greek","root":"astronomia","root_meaning":"star arrangement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"astronomía (ἀστρονομία)","meaning":"Star arrangement, law of the stars. From astron (star) + nomos (law).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"astronomy","meaning":"The science of celestial bodies.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"astronomía","meaning":"Astronomy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["astronomer","astronomical","astrology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stargazing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"astrophysics","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"6feb1c26-2c72-438f-a864-3fd7761a3e18","word":"asylum","definition":"The protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asilo","language_family":"greek","root":"asylon","root_meaning":"sanctuary, inviolable place","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"asylum","meaning":"The protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asylum","meaning":"refuge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asylon","meaning":"sanctuary, literally 'not to be seized'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"a-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"sylon","meaning":"right of seizure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sanctuary","refuge","haven","immunity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sanctuary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refuge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haven","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"3ddaa36d-7aba-4fed-9aee-f8308bfc6a4e","word":"atheist","definition":"A person who does not believe in the existence of a god or gods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ateo","language_family":"greek","root":"atheos","root_meaning":"without a god","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"atheist","meaning":"person who does not believe in gods","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"atheos","meaning":"godless, without a god","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"a-","meaning":"without; not","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"theos","meaning":"god","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["atheism","atheistic","atheistically","atheistical","atheize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonbeliever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unbeliever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freethinker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"1ae8c89c-2140-4c27-9b6b-fbc67336545a","word":"athlete","definition":"A person who is proficient in sports and physical exercise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atleta","language_family":"greek","root":"athlētēs","root_meaning":"one who competes for a prize","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"athlētḗs (ἀθλητής)","meaning":"A contestant in the games. From athlos (contest, prize).","children":[{"era":"1520s","word":"athlete","meaning":"A competitor in sports.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"atleta","meaning":"Athlete.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["athletic","athletics","triathlon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sportsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competitor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jock","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"025078f6-0dd8-4f56-a06f-83f0573183bb","word":"athletic","definition":"Relating to athletes or athletics; physically strong and active.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"atlético","language_family":"greek","root":"athletikos","root_meaning":"pertaining to athletes","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"athletic","meaning":"Relating to athletes or athletics; physically strong and active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"athletikos","meaning":"pertaining to athletes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"athlein","meaning":"to contend for a prize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"athlos","meaning":"a contest, struggle","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["athlete","athletics","pentathlon","triathlon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sporty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"muscular","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"58bfb480-ac75-45c6-8ad4-1b2be97a1221","word":"athletics","definition":"The practice of athletic exercises; the science of athletic exercises.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atlético","language_family":"greek","root":"athlos","root_meaning":"contest, struggle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"athletics","meaning":"the practice of athletic exercises","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"athleticus","meaning":"athletic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"athletikos","meaning":"relating to an athlete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"athlos","meaning":"contest, struggle","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["athlete","athletic","decathlon","pentathlon","triathlon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sports","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"games","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gymnastics","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"0f62ed7f-dc61-44b4-bdff-b6a7eb5023cb","word":"atlanta","definition":"The capital city of Georgia, United States, named after the Western and Atlantic Railroad.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Atlantic","root_meaning":"relating to the Atlantic Ocean","root_language":"English","root_era":"1837","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Atlanta","meaning":"capital city of Georgia","children":[{"era":"1837","word":"Atlantic","meaning":"relating to the Atlantic Ocean and Western and Atlantic Railroad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Atlantis","meaning":"legendary island","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Atlantic","Atlantis","Atlanta metropolitan area"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capital of Georgia","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ATL","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"2db3551b-fb64-430e-9690-eb8f5cdac842","word":"atlantic","definition":"Relating to the Atlantic Ocean or the landmasses bordering it.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"atlántico","language_family":"greek","root":"Atlas","root_meaning":"Titan who held up the sky","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"atlantic","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Atlanticus","meaning":"of Atlas","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Atlantikos","meaning":"of Atlas","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Atlas","meaning":"Titan","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Atlas","Atlantis","oceanic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oceanic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maritime","formality":"technical"},{"word":"western","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"420d6e18-913a-47c3-bd1f-0f915f1389b7","word":"atlas","definition":"A book of maps or charts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atlas","language_family":"greek","root":"Atlas","root_meaning":"name of a Titan who held up the heavens","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"atlas","meaning":"A book of maps","children":[{"era":"Renaissance (map context), classical (mythology)","word":"Atlas","meaning":"name of a Titan","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Atlas","meaning":"name of a Titan","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Atlantic","Atlantis","Atalanta"],"synonyms":[{"word":"map book","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cartography collection","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"8351c836-ae97-4667-9785-cc48a5769541","word":"atmosphere","definition":"The envelope of gases surrounding the Earth or another planet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atmósfera","language_family":"greek","root":"atmos + sphaira","root_meaning":"vapor sphere","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"atmós (ἀτμός) + sphaîra (σφαῖρα)","meaning":"Vapor + sphere. Combined in modern Latin as atmosphaera.","children":[{"era":"1630s","word":"atmosphere","meaning":"The gaseous envelope of a planet.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"atmósfera","meaning":"Atmosphere.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["atmospheric","stratosphere","biosphere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"air","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ambiance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"environment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"1dfd178d-e327-4c56-befb-b26fe731f693","word":"atmospheric","definition":"Relating to the atmosphere of a planet or celestial body, or creating a distinctive mood or feeling.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"atmosférico","language_family":"greek","root":"atmos, sphaira","root_meaning":"vapor, sphere","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"atmospheric","meaning":"Relating to the atmosphere; creating a mood.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"atmosphere","meaning":"the air surrounding a planet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀτμός (atmos)","meaning":"vapor, steam","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"σφαῖρα (sphaira)","meaning":"ball, globe, sphere","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["atmosphere","spheroid","sphere","gaseous","stratosphere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ambient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evocative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moody","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"63f27ff2-12bf-41e3-a6dd-92ca68127a3c","word":"atom","definition":"The smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its identity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"átomo","language_family":"greek","root":"atomos","root_meaning":"indivisible","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"átomos (ἄτομος)","meaning":"Uncuttable, indivisible. From a- (not) + tomos (a cutting).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"atom","meaning":"The smallest indivisible particle.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"átomo","meaning":"Atom.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["atomic","subatomic","anatomy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"particle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"molecule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"4bb5f558-d76c-47e4-beb3-32ee63982689","word":"atomic","definition":"Of or relating to an atom or atoms.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"atómico","language_family":"greek","root":"ἄτομος","root_meaning":"uncut, indivisible","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"atomic","meaning":"Of or relating to an atom","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"atomique","meaning":"atomic","children":[{"era":"1600s (New Latin)","word":"atomicus","meaning":"atomic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"atomus","meaning":"indivisible particle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἄτομος (atomos)","meaning":"uncut, indivisible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἀ- (a-)","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"τέμνειν (temnein)","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["atom","anatomy","atomize","mastectomy","epitome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nuclear","formality":"technical"},{"word":"minute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiny","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"c615649a-b981-4ad3-9cc4-28b481a5181e","word":"atrocity","definition":"An extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel act, especially one involving violence or causing widespread suffering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atrocidad","language_family":"latin","root":"atrox","root_meaning":"savage, fierce, cruel; literally 'black-faced' or 'dark-looking'","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"atrocity","meaning":"brutal or wicked act","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"atrocité","meaning":"cruelty, ferocity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"atrocitas","meaning":"cruelty, fierceness, savagery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"atrox","meaning":"savage, fierce, cruel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ater","meaning":"black, dark, gloomy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["atrocious","atrociously","atrociousness","atrocities","atroce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abomination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outrage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barbarity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"horror","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"7b8dcc61-0d6f-4dd1-ab54-ec71a28ee957","word":"attaboy","definition":"Attaboy is an informal interjection used to praise or encourage someone, meaning \"good job\" or \"well done.\"","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"that's the boy!","root_meaning":"an expression of praise or encouragement","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attaboy","meaning":"an informal exclamation of praise or encouragement","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"that's the boy!","meaning":"the source phrase of praise or encouragement","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"that is the boy","meaning":"the underlying phrase that was compressed into attaboy","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attagirl","ataboy","atta","attababy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bravo","formality":"literary"},{"word":"great","formality":"informal"},{"word":"good","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"dba64c23-0f76-4ad2-8de7-ebc96393a336","word":"attach","definition":"To fasten or join one thing to another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"atacar","language_family":"french","root":"atachier","root_meaning":"to fasten, fix","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 AD","word":"*stacca","meaning":"Stake, post; to fasten to a stake.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"atachier","meaning":"To fasten, fix, nail.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"attach","meaning":"To fasten, connect.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"atacar","meaning":"To attach, attack.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin/Frankish"},"related_words":["attachment","attached","detach"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affix","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"66233fd4-42f3-4ce5-a6e2-d022fd7d0f3b","word":"attachment","definition":"A strong emotional bond or connection to someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"*attaccare","root_meaning":"to fasten to","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attachment","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"attachement","meaning":"fastening, attachment","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"attacher","meaning":"to fasten, attach","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"*attaccare","meaning":"to fasten to","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attach","attached","detachment","tackle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"affection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fondness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"aa6dca3e-9a89-4a9d-8593-9c2647e5333d","word":"attack","definition":"To take aggressive action against someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"atacar","language_family":"french","root":"ataquir","root_meaning":"to assault","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 AD","word":"*stacca","meaning":"Stake; related to fastening, seizing.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ataquir","meaning":"To assault, seize upon.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"attack","meaning":"To assault aggressively.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"atacar","meaning":"To attack.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin/Frankish"},"related_words":["attacker","attacking","counterattack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assault","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"1d59919d-08a1-4267-b262-6f209d6c7e95","word":"attempt","definition":"To make an effort to achieve something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"intentar","language_family":"french","root":"atempter","root_meaning":"to try, endeavor","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"attemptāre","meaning":"To try, test, from ad + temptāre.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"atempter","meaning":"To try, endeavor, test.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"attempt","meaning":"To try, make an effort.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"intentar","meaning":"To attempt, try.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["attempted","attempting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endeavor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"try","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"0b59a574-92eb-4376-8da6-9f32ab540ee9","word":"attend","definition":"To be present at an event or go regularly to a place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"atender","language_family":"french","root":"atendre","root_meaning":"to wait, expect","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"attendere","meaning":"To stretch toward, give heed to.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"atendre","meaning":"To wait, expect, pay attention.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"attend","meaning":"To be present, pay attention.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"atender","meaning":"To attend, serve.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["attendance","attendant","attention"],"synonyms":[{"word":"participate in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"be present at","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"e67e83f9-21a9-4fbc-b2b8-987d875d788d","word":"attendance","definition":"The act of being present at a place or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asistencia","language_family":"french","root":"attendere","root_meaning":"to stretch toward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attendance","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"attendance","meaning":"attending","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"attendre","meaning":"to stretch towards, pay attention to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tendere","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attend","attendant","attention","tendency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"participation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appearance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"893b65ea-a36e-44bf-b77d-3538416efa3a","word":"attendant","definition":"A person who waits on or serves another, or who is present at an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atendiente","language_family":"latin","root":"attendere","root_meaning":"to stretch toward, give attention to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attendant","meaning":"a person who waits on or serves another","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"attend","meaning":"to give attention to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"attendre","meaning":"to wait for, expect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attendere","meaning":"to stretch toward, give attention to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attend","attendance","attention","attentive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assistant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"server","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"usher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"38acd9ce-04d4-4846-84e8-2b62284ca7f7","word":"attention","definition":"The act of directing one's mind or senses to something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atención","language_family":"latin","root":"attentio","root_meaning":"a stretching of the mind toward something","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"400s","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ten-","meaning":"To stretch.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"attendere","meaning":"To stretch toward, to heed.","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"attentio","meaning":"Mental concentration.","children":[{"era":"1520s","word":"attention","meaning":"Act of focusing the mind.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"atención","meaning":"Attention, care.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["attend","attentive","inattention","intention"],"synonyms":[{"word":"focus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concentration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"579f8f4f-d72b-4e0d-94d7-734e611c7617","word":"attic","definition":"A space or room inside or partly inside the roof of a house.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ático","language_family":"greek","root":"Attikos","root_meaning":"pertaining to Attica","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attic","meaning":"roof space","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"attique","meaning":"Attic (architectural)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Attikos","meaning":"pertaining to Attica","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Attica","Athenian","classical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"garret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sky parlor","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"2c4cd035-9a0f-4f61-ac1f-2c8ddc3f2b73","word":"attitude","definition":"A settled way of thinking or feeling about something, reflected in a person's behavior; also, a position or posture of the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"actitud","language_family":"latin","root":"aptitudo","root_meaning":"fitness, posture, aptness; from aptus (fit, suited)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attitude","meaning":"mental disposition or bodily posture","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"attitude","meaning":"posture, position of a figure in art","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"attitudine","meaning":"posture, disposition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aptitudo","meaning":"fitness, aptness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aptus","meaning":"fit, suited, fastened","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apt","aptitude","latitude","aptly","attitudinal","posture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disposition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mindset","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"abc058c4-9d74-4d8f-9117-96b779ba5700","word":"attorney","definition":"A lawyer or legal representative authorized to act on behalf of another person in legal matters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atorneyado","language_family":"french","root":"attorner","root_meaning":"to assign or appoint","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attorney","meaning":"legal representative","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"attorner","meaning":"to appoint or assign","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"atorner","meaning":"to turn to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"à + turner","meaning":"to + turn","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attorney-at-law","attorneyship","attorneydom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solicitor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"counsel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legal representative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"41c636ab-edf8-45c6-b971-ca4433c4701d","word":"attract","definition":"To draw or pull by a physical force or by an appeal to interest or desire.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"atraer","language_family":"latin","root":"attrahere","root_meaning":"to draw to, pull towards","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attract","meaning":"to draw or pull towards","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attractus","meaning":"drawn towards (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attrahere","meaning":"to draw to, pull towards","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attraction","tractor","extract","contract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"draw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"captivate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"d525cb95-ccea-4087-a09c-383115f08507","word":"attraction","definition":"The action or power of drawing something or someone towards oneself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atracción","language_family":"latin","root":"trahere","root_meaning":"to draw, drag","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attraction","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"attraction","meaning":"a drawing to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attractio","meaning":"a drawing to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attrahere","meaning":"to draw to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attract","tractor","extract","contract","distract","retraction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnetism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appeal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"41cb0ea2-6ace-43d6-a3e3-cb133da54cec","word":"attractive","definition":"Pleasing or appealing to the senses or mind.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"atractivo","language_family":"latin","root":"trahere","root_meaning":"to pull, to draw","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"attractive","meaning":"pleasing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"attractif","meaning":"drawing, pulling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attractus","meaning":"drawn, pulled toward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad- + trahere","meaning":"to draw to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attract","attraction","tractor","extract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appealing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beautiful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inviting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"dfc6e8c3-7eb1-4cd8-811e-d026055f7694","word":"attribute","definition":"To regard something as being caused by someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"atribuir","language_family":"latin","root":"attribuere","root_meaning":"to assign, allot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"15th century","word":"attribute","meaning":"to assign, ascribe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attributus","meaning":"assigned (past participle of attribuere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attribuere","meaning":"to assign, allot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tribuere","meaning":"to allot, grant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tribute","retribution","contribution","distribution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ascribe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"2ac3e36d-f933-494c-b86c-9c8f41f389f7","word":"auburn","definition":"A reddish-brown color, especially of hair.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"alburnus","root_meaning":"whitish, off-white","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"auburn","meaning":"Reddish-brown","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"alborne","meaning":"fair, blonde","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"alburnus","meaning":"whitish, off-white","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["album","albumen","albino","albedo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reddish-brown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chestnut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"russet","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"c7be93a2-c48f-41b3-af1e-06dd84418519","word":"auction","definition":"A public sale where items are sold to the highest bidder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"subasta","language_family":"latin","root":"auctio","root_meaning":"increase, growth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"auction","meaning":"public sale to highest bidder","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"auction","meaning":"public sale","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auctio","meaning":"increase, a selling","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["auctioneer","auction-block"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bidding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vendition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"e972f5b5-a40f-44d4-ad8b-b56eacb82ed0","word":"auctions","definition":"Plural of auction; public sales of property or goods to the highest bidder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"subastas","language_family":"latin","root":"auctio","root_meaning":"increase or sale to highest bidder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"auctions","meaning":"public sales to highest bidder","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"auction","meaning":"sale to highest bidder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auctio","meaning":"increase or sale","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"augere","meaning":"to increase","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["auction","auctioneer","auctioned","auctioning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sales","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bidding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sale events","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"f8708d7c-3c04-4535-bb0e-19794ea8fc78","word":"audible","definition":"Able to be heard.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"audible","language_family":"latin","root":"audibilis","root_meaning":"hearable; able to be heard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"audible","meaning":"able to be heard","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"audible","meaning":"able to be heard","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"audible","meaning":"able to be heard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audibilis","meaning":"hearable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audire","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["audibility","audibly","audition","inaudible","auditory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hearable","formality":"informal"},{"word":"perceptible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detectable","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"64e575d2-9d8a-4b02-858f-2cad3595c600","word":"audience","definition":"A group of people assembled to watch or listen to a performance, speech, or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"audiencia","language_family":"latin","root":"audientia","root_meaning":"a hearing, a listening","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"300s","proto_root":"*au-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*au-","meaning":"To perceive.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"audire","meaning":"To hear.","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"audientia","meaning":"A hearing, act of listening.","children":[{"era":"1380s","word":"audience","meaning":"Formal hearing; then assembly of listeners.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"audiencia","meaning":"Audience, hearing.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["audio","auditorium","audition","audit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crowd","formality":"informal"},{"word":"spectators","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viewers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"10fee6cb-8c06-45c8-855b-043f78aa7dea","word":"audio","definition":"Sound, or relating to the reproduction or transmission of sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"audio","language_family":"latin","root":"audire","root_meaning":"to hear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*au-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"audio","meaning":"sound; hearing-related","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audio","meaning":"I hear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audire","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["audible","auditor","audience","audit","auditory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acoustic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"1c458086-719a-4165-b18b-e88ba86ef03f","word":"audit","definition":"An official examination of a company's financial records.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"auditoría","language_family":"latin","root":"audire","root_meaning":"to hear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ewis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"audit","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auditus","meaning":"a hearing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audire","meaning":"to hear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h₂ewis-","meaning":"to perceive, hear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["auditor","audible","audition","audience"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inspection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrutiny","formality":"formal"},{"word":"review","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"88f7652b-ba24-4778-82c2-e17cb1eeeab9","word":"audition","definition":"A trial performance to assess a performer's suitability for a role.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"audición","language_family":"latin","root":"audītiō","root_meaning":"a hearing, listening","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ewis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"audition","meaning":"A trial performance","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"audition","meaning":"the action of hearing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audītiō","meaning":"a hearing, listening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audīre","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["audio","audience","audible","auditory","auditorium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tryout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hearing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screening","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"e13ab215-6768-4758-9dd3-909b338fe354","word":"auditor","definition":"A person who conducts an official financial inspection of a company or individual.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"auditor","language_family":"latin","root":"auditor","root_meaning":"a hearer, listener","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ewis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"auditor","meaning":"a person who conducts an official financial inspection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"auditor","meaning":"auditor (from Latin)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auditor","meaning":"a hearer, listener","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audire","meaning":"to hear","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*h₂ewis-","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["audit","audible","audience","audition","audio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examiner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inspector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accountant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"controller","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"5372dc95-2f93-4073-8088-e5190d26890a","word":"aug","definition":"Abbreviation for August, the eighth month of the year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"agosto","language_family":"latin","root":"Augustus","root_meaning":"revered or venerable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Aug","meaning":"abbreviation for August","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"August","meaning":"eighth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Augustus","meaning":"revered, venerable (named after Emperor Augustus)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["August","Augustus","month"],"synonyms":[{"word":"August","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eighth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"28304d06-f53b-4d50-9929-ef350733a275","word":"august","definition":"Inspiring respect and admiration; majestic or venerable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"augusto","language_family":"latin","root":"augustus","root_meaning":"venerable, consecrated, majestic","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"august","meaning":"dignified, awe-inspiring","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"august","meaning":"dignified, majestic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"augustus","meaning":"venerable, majestic, consecrated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"augere","meaning":"to increase, promote","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Augustine","August","augment","authority","august"],"synonyms":[{"word":"majestic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dignified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"venerable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stately","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.877Z"}
{"id":"efd90759-14d1-4d8a-bfe9-d3dfcce3fdb4","word":"aunt","definition":"The sister of one's father or mother or the wife of one's uncle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tía","language_family":"latin","root":"amita","root_meaning":"paternal aunt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ammā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aunt","meaning":"sister of a parent","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"aunte","meaning":"aunt","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"ante","meaning":"aunt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amita","meaning":"paternal aunt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["uncle","amity","amicable","familial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kinswoman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"aee3cc39-0ff4-4337-bf31-9068fa2a0d0f","word":"aurora","definition":"A natural electrical phenomenon characterized by the appearance of streamers of reddish or greenish light in the sky, especially near the northern or southern magnetic pole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aurora","language_family":"latin","root":"aurora","root_meaning":"dawn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aurora","meaning":"Natural light phenomenon in the sky.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"aurora","meaning":"dawn; aurora","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aurora","meaning":"Roman goddess of dawn; dawn","children":[{"era":"pre-800s BCE","word":"*h₂eusōs","meaning":"dawn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orient","east","auroral","austral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dawn","formality":"literary"},{"word":"daybreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"light","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"ea36dbe5-57ca-43d0-aee9-3d933bec750a","word":"auspicious","definition":"Giving promise of success or favorable results.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"auspicioso","language_family":"latin","root":"auspicium","root_meaning":"bird omen, divination by observing birds","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"auspicious","meaning":"giving promise of success or favorable results","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"auspicious","meaning":"favorable, propitious","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"auspicieux","meaning":"favorable, lucky","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auspicium","meaning":"bird omen, divination by birds","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["auspice","auspices","auspiciously","auspiciousness","inauspicious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"favorable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propitious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"promising","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lucky","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"9682126b-24b8-4cd5-bbc9-7317375775fd","word":"austin","definition":"A city name and proper noun; derived from the personal name Augustine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Agustín","language_family":"latin","root":"Augustinus","root_meaning":"majestic, venerable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Austin","meaning":"city in Texas; personal name","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Augustine","meaning":"personal name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Augustinus","meaning":"majestic, dignified","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Augustine","August","augment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Augustine","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"382ccb33-e3ee-4a56-b516-3d046bf1e47b","word":"australia","definition":"A country and continent in the Southern Hemisphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Australia","language_family":"latin","root":"australis","root_meaning":"southern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"Australia","meaning":"southern continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Australia","meaning":"southern land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"australis","meaning":"southern","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Australian","Australasian","austral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Down Under","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Oceania","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"00f16d95-e80e-47de-af75-d39e157dbd70","word":"australian","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of Australia, its people, or culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"australiano","language_family":"latin","root":"australis","root_meaning":"southern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"australian","meaning":"of or relating to Australia","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Australia","meaning":"the southern continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"australis","meaning":"southern","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Australia","Australasia","Australoid","antipodean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Aussie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Down Under","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"cb681b32-ad8d-4dc6-8827-d4d39bd2e5a1","word":"austria","definition":"A landlocked country in central Europe, formerly the center of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Austria","language_family":"germanic","root":"Österreich","root_meaning":"eastern realm","root_language":"German","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Austria","meaning":"central European country","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Austria","meaning":"eastern realm","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Österreich","meaning":"eastern realm","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Ost","meaning":"east","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Middle High German"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Austrian","Österreich","Austro-Hungarian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Österreich","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the Alpine republic","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"9464e18c-e5ee-4789-9956-9a5c57774e9b","word":"authentic","definition":"Of undisputed origin; genuine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"auténtico","language_family":"greek","root":"authentikos","root_meaning":"original, genuine","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"authentikós (αὐθεντικός)","meaning":"Original, authoritative. From authentēs (one who acts on their own authority).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"authentic","meaning":"Genuine, trustworthy.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"auténtico","meaning":"Authentic, genuine.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["authenticity","authenticate","inauthentic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genuine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"real","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bona fide","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0b9e812e-358c-4d98-b78b-8c29491524b7","word":"author","definition":"A person who writes a book, article, or other text.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"autor","language_family":"latin","root":"auctor","root_meaning":"one who causes to grow, originator","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s BCE","proto_root":"*aug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*aug-","meaning":"To increase.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"augere","meaning":"To increase, to originate.","children":[{"era":"100s BCE","word":"auctor","meaning":"Originator, promoter, creator.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"author","meaning":"Writer of a text.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"autor","meaning":"Author, creator.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["authority","authorize","augment","august"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wordsmith","formality":"informal"},{"word":"scribe","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"c11aa78e-e870-4460-a899-6007270eebf7","word":"authority","definition":"The power or right to give orders and enforce obedience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"autoridad","language_family":"french","root":"autorité","root_meaning":"authority, prestige","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"auctōritātem","meaning":"Invention, advice, influence, authority.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"autorité","meaning":"Authority, prestige, right.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"authority","meaning":"Power, right to command.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"autoridad","meaning":"Authority.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["authorize","authoritative","authoritarian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jurisdiction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"97600b81-c9eb-4eb2-b3c6-b4e96d540ea3","word":"authorization","definition":"The act of granting official permission or approval.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"autorización","language_family":"latin","root":"auctorizare","root_meaning":"to authorize, give authority","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"authorization","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"authorize","meaning":"to give official approval","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"auctorizare","meaning":"to give authority, empower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auctor","meaning":"originator, promoter, master, author","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French/Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["authority","authorize","author","authentic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approval","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"license","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"e56f5ff0-eeb3-4de3-af1e-680c07234e21","word":"authorize","definition":"To give official permission for or to approve officially.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"autorizar","language_family":"latin","root":"auctor","root_meaning":"originator, promoter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"authorize","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"auctoriser","meaning":"to authorize","children":[{"era":"4th century","word":"auctorizare","meaning":"to give authority to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auctor","meaning":"originator, promoter, master, leader","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"augere","meaning":"to increase, originate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["authority","author","authentic","authorization","autonomous","augment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"approve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"empower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"942a1cb9-a9ee-4b48-9f88-0f51f0e92455","word":"authors","definition":"Persons who write or compose literary works.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"autor","language_family":"latin","root":"auctor","root_meaning":"creator, originator, father","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"authors","meaning":"plural of author, creators of written works","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"author","meaning":"creator of a written work","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"autor","meaning":"author, creator","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auctor","meaning":"originator, creator, father","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["author","authority","augment","authentic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creators","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"75dd476b-82b5-4aab-b73e-7cd531748c20","word":"auto","definition":"A prefix meaning 'self' or referring to an automobile.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"auto","language_family":"greek","root":"autos","root_meaning":"self","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*autós","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"auto","meaning":"self; automobile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"autos","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["automatic","automobile","autopsy","autonomous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"car","formality":"informal"},{"word":"automobile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vehicle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"40af4aed-e37b-4efa-b815-7d606206e693","word":"autobiography","definition":"An account of a person's life written by that person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"autobiografía","language_family":"greek","root":"autos + bios + graphē","root_meaning":"self-life writing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"autós (αὐτός) + bíos (βίος) + graphḗ (γραφή)","meaning":"Self + life + writing. Coined in English from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1797","word":"autobiography","meaning":"A self-written life account.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"autobiografía","meaning":"Autobiography.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["autobiographical","biography","autograph"],"synonyms":[{"word":"memoir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"life story","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"119551da-9aba-40e2-8056-c23c588476c9","word":"autograph","definition":"A person's own signature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"autógrafo","language_family":"greek","root":"autos, graphos","root_meaning":"self, writing","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"autograph","meaning":"A person's own signature","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"autographe","meaning":"autograph","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"autographum","meaning":"a thing written in one's own hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"αὐτόγραφος (autographos)","meaning":"written with one's own hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"αὐτός (autos)","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"γράφω (grapho)","meaning":"to write","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["autography","graphic","typography","biography","photography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"signature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inscription","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorsement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign-manual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"49040edd-da39-40c3-88a5-856e12f69f32","word":"automate","definition":"To make (a process or system) operate automatically.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"automatizar","language_family":"greek","root":"automatos","root_meaning":"self-acting","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"automate","meaning":"to make automatic","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"automatic","meaning":"self-acting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"automatos","meaning":"self-acting, spontaneous","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["automatic","automation","autonomous","automat","automatize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mechanize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robotize","formality":"technical"},{"word":"streamline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systematize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"9506c977-af2f-4e4e-aed9-5838e2b5de64","word":"automatic","definition":"Operated by mechanical or electrical means with minimal human intervention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"automático","language_family":"greek","root":"autos + matos","root_meaning":"self + willing, inclination","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"automatic","meaning":"self-operating","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"automatic","meaning":"self-acting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"automatikos","meaning":"acting of itself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"autos + matos","meaning":"self + willing","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think, have intention","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["automatically","automation","automaton","autonomy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mechanical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-operating","formality":"formal"},{"word":"automated","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"17ca8a0e-b5d9-44dc-8005-772b4975aff3","word":"automatically","definition":"In a manner that occurs or is done without conscious thought or human intervention.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"automáticamente","language_family":"greek","root":"autos","root_meaning":"self","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"automatically","meaning":"without conscious intervention","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"automatic","meaning":"self-operating","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"automatique","meaning":"self-acting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"automatikos","meaning":"self-moving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"autos","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["automatic","automation","automate","automaton"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mechanically","formality":"formal"},{"word":"involuntarily","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instinctively","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"587b22f4-4101-452f-9ff0-d7798484fb0b","word":"automation","definition":"The technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"automatización","language_family":"latin","root":"automatus","root_meaning":"self-acting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"automation","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"automaticus","meaning":"self-acting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"automatos","meaning":"self-acting, spontaneous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"autos","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"matos","meaning":"thinking, spirited","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["automatic","automate","automaton","automotive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mechanization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robotics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"computerization","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"0144cafc-0fef-461a-9d47-c0815540cf32","word":"automobile","definition":"A self-propelled road vehicle powered by an engine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"automóvil","language_family":"french","root":"automobile","root_meaning":"self-moving","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"autos + mobilis","meaning":"Self + movable.","children":[{"era":"1870s","word":"automobile","meaning":"Self-propelled vehicle.","children":[{"era":"1890s","word":"automobile","meaning":"Car, motor vehicle.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"automóvil","meaning":"Automobile.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Greek + Latin"},"related_words":["auto","automatic","mobile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"car","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motorcar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ride","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"7cd18567-ad34-4643-90ae-e0693d988073","word":"automotive","definition":"Relating to motor vehicles or the industry that manufactures them.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"automotriz","language_family":"latin","root":"auto + motus","root_meaning":"self + motion","root_language":"Latin and Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"automotive","meaning":"relating to self-propelled vehicles","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"automotive","meaning":"relating to motor vehicles","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auto + motus","meaning":"self-moving","children":[],"language":"Greek and Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["automobile","automotive","auto","motor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vehicular","formality":"formal"},{"word":"motor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"8c602965-0cf0-465e-825b-25a01eb23edc","word":"autopsy","definition":"A post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"autopsia","language_family":"greek","root":"autopsia","root_meaning":"seeing with one's own eyes","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"autopsy","meaning":"A post-mortem examination","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"autopsia","meaning":"seeing for oneself","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"autopsia","meaning":"seeing with one's own eyes","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optics","optical","biopsy","autocrat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"postmortem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissection","formality":"technical"},{"word":"necropsy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"e3b4932f-993a-4cdb-a4c5-2038e65e2e10","word":"autumn","definition":"The season of the year between summer and winter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"otoño","language_family":"latin","root":"autumnus","root_meaning":"autumn, fall","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"autumn","meaning":"season after summer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"autompne","meaning":"autumn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"autumnus","meaning":"autumn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["autumnal","fall","harvest","season"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harvest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waning","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"cbea5bdd-6aaa-40d2-90fe-5a264bc74307","word":"auxiliary","definition":"Serving as a helper, extra support, or secondary resource rather than the main one.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"auxiliar","language_family":"latin","root":"auxilium","root_meaning":"aid; help","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"auxiliary","meaning":"helping; supplementary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"auxiliaire","meaning":"helping; auxiliary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auxiliarius","meaning":"pertaining to aid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"auxilium","meaning":"aid; help","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["auxiliaries","auxiliate","auxiliarily","auxiliary verb","auxiliary power"],"synonyms":[{"word":"helping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assisting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplementary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subsidiary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"d5eb0666-570b-4889-a51d-3c48f9213fab","word":"availability","definition":"The quality or state of being available or accessible for use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disponibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"availe","root_meaning":"to be of value or use","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"availability","meaning":"quality of being available","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"available","meaning":"suitable, helpful","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"availe","meaning":"to be of worth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong, have value","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["available","avail","value","valid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accessibility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"readiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obtainability","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"e7549535-8f6c-45d2-b225-9c8a6a700c72","word":"available","definition":"Capable of being used or obtained; ready for use.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"disponible","language_family":"latin","root":"avail","root_meaning":"to be of use or benefit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"available","meaning":"capable of being used or obtained","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"avail","meaning":"to be of use","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"à valoir","meaning":"to be worth","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avail","availability","unavailable","availed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtainable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accessible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at hand","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ready","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"359959f4-de81-4517-a769-bdaa4596d906","word":"avatar","definition":"An incarnation, embodiment, or manifestation of a person or idea, especially a deity in human or animal form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"avatāra","root_meaning":"descent","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"avatar","meaning":"an embodiment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"avatāra","meaning":"descent, incarnation","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incarnation","embodiment","manifestation","divine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embodiment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incarnation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"representation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"97eefad3-648d-4b75-a579-a6d90c43347d","word":"ave","definition":"An abbreviation for avenue, or a Latin greeting meaning hail or welcome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ave","language_family":"latin","root":"avere","root_meaning":"to be well, be strong","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ave","meaning":"abbreviation for avenue or Latin greeting","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"avenue","meaning":"approach, passage","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"avenue","meaning":"approach, entrance","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"classical","word":"ave","meaning":"hail, welcome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avenue","avenues","Ave Maria"],"synonyms":[{"word":"street","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"avenue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hail","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"ae0be08a-25f8-4ca9-bad7-36e05284a3da","word":"avenge","definition":"To inflict harm in return for an injury or wrongdoing suffered by oneself or another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"vengar","language_family":"french","root":"vindicare","root_meaning":"to lay claim to, to avenge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"avenge","meaning":"to get revenge for","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"avengier","meaning":"to take revenge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vindicare","meaning":"to lay claim to, to avenge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vengeance","vindicate","revenge","retaliate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"retaliate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"requite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"punish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"9c3878ec-56a1-4234-893c-cd083186b731","word":"avenger","definition":"A person who takes vengeance or punishes a wrong.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vengador","language_family":"french","root":"vindicare","root_meaning":"to claim, avenge, assert one's rights","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"avenger","meaning":"a person who takes vengeance or punishes a wrong","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"avenge","meaning":"to take vengeance for a wrong","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"avengier","meaning":"to avenge, punish in return","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vindicare","meaning":"to claim, defend, exact retribution","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avenge","avenged","avenging","revenge","revenger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revenger","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"punisher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retaliator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"5bba6310-30dc-4283-9a0b-b5a874ecec7d","word":"avenue","definition":"A wide street or road, often lined with trees.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"avenida","language_family":"latin","root":"advenire","root_meaning":"to arrive at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"avenue","meaning":"a wide street or passage","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"avenue","meaning":"arrival, approach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advenire","meaning":"to arrive at, approach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad + venire","meaning":"to + come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avenue","advent","adventure","adventitious","venue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"street","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boulevard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thoroughfare","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pathway","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"ba9e1c17-653a-45a9-ac8f-eee835598ca3","word":"average","definition":"A number expressing the central or typical value in a set of data, calculated by summing values and dividing by their count.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"promedio","language_family":"french","root":"avarie","root_meaning":"damage to ship or cargo","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"average","meaning":"mean or typical value","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"average","meaning":"proportional distribution of loss","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"avarie","meaning":"damage to cargo","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["averaged","averaging","averages","average"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mean","formality":"technical"},{"word":"median","formality":"technical"},{"word":"normal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"65537318-5dfd-42bc-9606-233ed4d60b82","word":"avg","definition":"Abbreviation for average, the sum of values divided by the number of values.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"averagium","root_meaning":"goods damaged in transit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"avg","meaning":"abbreviation of average","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"average","meaning":"mean value or typical amount","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"averagium","meaning":"goods damaged in transit","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["average","averaging","averaged","averageness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mean","formality":"technical"},{"word":"median","formality":"technical"},{"word":"norm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"8bce04f9-7fb4-4327-a4d0-9db5ba6b1c7c","word":"aviation","definition":"The flying or operating of aircraft, or the design, development, and production of aircraft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aviación","language_family":"latin","root":"avis","root_meaning":"bird","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ewi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aviation","meaning":"the flying of aircraft","children":[{"era":"1863","word":"aviation","meaning":"flying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"avis","meaning":"bird","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aviary","avian","aviator","auspices","aviculture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aeronautics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"airmanship","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"ec94a773-bae0-4eda-b89f-a2a097d4e6cf","word":"avoid","definition":"To keep away from or prevent from happening.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"evitar","language_family":"french","root":"esvuidier","root_meaning":"to empty out, clear away","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"ex-vocitāre","meaning":"To empty out, call away.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"esvuidier","meaning":"To empty out, clear away.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"avoid","meaning":"To keep away from.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"evitar","meaning":"To avoid.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["avoidance","avoidable","unavoidable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shun","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"1476d60e-47ac-4eda-a6c6-f0ba709281c8","word":"await","definition":"Wait for (an event).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wahton","root_meaning":"to watch, observe","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wahtwō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"await","meaning":"wait for","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a-","meaning":"on, at","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"wait","meaning":"to watch, observe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wahton","meaning":"to watch","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wait","watch","guard","awake","vigilant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anticipate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"linger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"306b10ce-8c4b-4b15-bc6d-affc12835f74","word":"awake","definition":"Not sleeping; conscious.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"awacian","root_meaning":"to wake up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awake","meaning":"not sleeping, conscious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"awacian","meaning":"to wake up","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*waknan","meaning":"to wake","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*weg-","meaning":"to be strong, lively","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wake","awaken","waking","wakeful","awakening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conscious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigilant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roused","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"9d82b3e8-2bfa-478f-b711-cf1a0cdec9ea","word":"awaken","definition":"To cause someone or something to become awake, or to stop sleeping.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*weǵ-","root_meaning":"to be vigorous, awake, or active","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":null,"proto_root":"*weǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awaken","meaning":"to cause to become awake; to stop sleeping","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"awakenen / awaknen","meaning":"to wake up; to rouse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"awæcnian / awæcnan","meaning":"to wake or become awake","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wæcnan / wæcnian","meaning":"to become awake","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*weǵ-","meaning":"to be vigorous, awake, or active","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["awake","awoke","awoken","awakening","awakener"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stir","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"40a63233-f684-4120-a4a4-4b835c542c5c","word":"award","definition":"A prize, honor, or distinction given in recognition of achievement or merit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"awarder","root_meaning":"to look at, examine, decide","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"award","meaning":"prize or honor given for achievement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"award","meaning":"to decide, to grant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"awarder","meaning":"to look at, notice, decide","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"awarer","meaning":"to be aware, guard","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["awards","awarder","award-winning","reward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accolade","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"23e7b958-3bed-4fa5-b41a-9e446ba84a39","word":"awards","definition":"Prizes or honors given in recognition of achievement or merit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"otorgas","language_family":"germanic","root":"awardan","root_meaning":"to guard, to pay heed","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awards","meaning":"prizes or honors given","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"award","meaning":"to decide, to judge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"awarder","meaning":"to guard, to pay regard to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"awardan","meaning":"to guard, to watch","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["award","awardee","rewarding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prizes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rewards","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"5339d033-5543-46f6-ba79-2e128c73e654","word":"aware","definition":"Having knowledge or cognizance of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"awær","root_meaning":"wary, watchful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*war-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aware","meaning":"having knowledge or consciousness of","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"aware","meaning":"wary, watchful, cautious","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"gewær","meaning":"cautious, wary","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*war-","meaning":"to perceive, watch","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["awareness","unaware","beware","wary","ware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conscious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cognizant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"knowledgeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mindful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"55035deb-03f8-45b7-9ef3-cf3f3bf07bb6","word":"awareness","definition":"Knowledge or perception of a situation or fact.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*waraz","root_meaning":"attentive, wary","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awareness","meaning":"knowledge or perception","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aware","meaning":"conscious of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gewær","meaning":"wary, observant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*waraz","meaning":"attentive, wary","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wer-","meaning":"to perceive, watch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wary","beware","aware","warning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consciousness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perception","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"eec6fb90-a794-4012-b0aa-2a6987a0ed52","word":"away","definition":"At or to a distance from a particular place or person.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"aweg","root_meaning":"away, off","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ab-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"away","meaning":"at a distance","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"away","meaning":"away, off","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["away-ness","aweigh","wayward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"off","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"afar","formality":"literary"},{"word":"far","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"b3b22242-84ec-413f-ba58-94d7776506cc","word":"awe","definition":"Awe is a feeling of profound wonder, reverence, or fear mixed with admiration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*agiz","root_meaning":"fear, terror","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awe","meaning":"a feeling of profound wonder, reverence, or fear mixed with admiration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"awe","meaning":"fear; dread; reverence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agi","meaning":"fear; awe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*agiz","meaning":"fear; terror","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ege","meaning":"fear; terror; awe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*agiz","meaning":"fear; terror","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["awesome","awestruck","awful","awe-inspiring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wonder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reverence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"amazement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"46cfe5e7-8067-4aac-b21a-80af83c269c0","word":"awesome","definition":"Extremely impressive or daunting; inspiring awe.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"awe + -some","root_meaning":"dread, terror + characterized by","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100 (awe), 14th century (awesome)","proto_root":"*ege","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awesome","meaning":"inspiring awe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"awe","meaning":"dread, terror, reverence","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ege","meaning":"awe, fear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-some","meaning":"suffix meaning 'characterized by'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["awe","awful","awestruck","awesomeness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amazing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fantastic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"impressive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"69a50b6c-ead4-44f2-b65b-bb1567105b48","word":"awful","definition":"Extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"egefull","root_meaning":"full of awe/dread","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*agw-, *pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awful","meaning":"extremely bad","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aweful","meaning":"awe-inspiring, dreadful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"egefull","meaning":"full of awe/dread","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["awe","awesome","fear","dreadful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"horrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appalling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"c6b5fb06-a9b7-4f5d-8f1d-efa20e2ee5b3","word":"awfully","definition":"To an extreme or impressive extent; terribly; dreadfully.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ege","root_meaning":"awe, terror","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*agʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awfully","meaning":"to an extreme extent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aweful","meaning":"inspiring awe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ege","meaning":"awe, terror","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"full","meaning":"full of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["awe","awful","awesome","fearsome","dreadful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terribly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extremely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadfully","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"df92aa0a-c35f-4fac-936e-8f6769f29778","word":"awhile","definition":"For a short period of time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ā hwīle","root_meaning":"a space of time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awhile","meaning":"for a short time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a hwīle","meaning":"for a time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["while","whilom","whilst","meanwhile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"briefly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"temporarily","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"momentarily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"4ac8702e-ef75-4359-bcc4-3dc8bcb6a864","word":"awkward","definition":"Causing difficulty; hard to handle or deal with.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"awk, -weard","root_meaning":"turned the wrong way, in the direction of","root_language":"Middle English, Old English","root_era":"1200s, pre-1100","proto_root":"*afug-, *wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"awkward","meaning":"causing difficulty; hard to handle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"awkward","meaning":"turned the wrong way","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"awk","meaning":"turned the wrong way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*afug-","meaning":"turned the wrong way","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-weard","meaning":"in the direction of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["backward","forward","wayward","untoward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clumsy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ungainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embarrassing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"4055f376-611b-4255-a2c4-a0485e71451c","word":"axe","definition":"A tool used for chopping wood, typically with a steel blade attached to a handle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æces","root_meaning":"axe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aks-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"axe","meaning":"chopping tool","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ax","meaning":"axe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æces","meaning":"axe","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*aks-","meaning":"axe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adze","hatchet","chopper","axle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hatchet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleaver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tomahawk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"88574d0a-13f2-42f8-be4b-cd4f495b4ab5","word":"axis","definition":"An imaginary line about which a body rotates or around which a real or imaginary object is symmetrically arranged.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eje","language_family":"latin","root":"axis","root_meaning":"axle, pivot, axis","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eḱs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"axis","meaning":"imaginary line of rotation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"axis","meaning":"axle, pivot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["axial","axle","axion","axes","axon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pivot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fulcrum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"5c677b14-2da1-4e0f-9161-95ab50121331","word":"aya","definition":"A native nurse or governess, especially in Anglo-Indian usage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aya","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin avia","root_meaning":"grandmother","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aya","meaning":"a native nurse or governess, especially in Anglo-Indian usage","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"aia / ayah","meaning":"nurse; governess","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"avia","meaning":"grandmother","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Portuguese and Anglo-Indian English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ayah","ayahs","aia","avia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nanny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nursemaid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"governess","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"32074e96-ab11-4cb4-952d-a0e3b719689b","word":"aye","definition":"Yes; an affirmative vote.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"a","root_meaning":"ever, always","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aiw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"aye","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"a","meaning":"ever, always","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aiw-","meaning":"vital force, life, long time, eternity","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ever","always","yea"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indeed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yea","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"5da1ca06-10cc-467b-98b3-d3d6dbf47dae","word":"baba","definition":"A sweet, leavened cake, often soaked in syrup or rum.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"baba","root_meaning":"old woman, grandmother (Slavic), or father (Turkish)","root_language":"Slavic / Turkish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"baba","meaning":"kind of cake","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"baba","meaning":"kind of cake","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"baba","meaning":"old woman, cake","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baba","meaning":"old woman, grandmother","children":[],"language":"Slavic"}],"language":"Polish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cake","sweet","dessert","brioche"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dessert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"ae7be364-b1b0-459b-81d8-4914ee5a4efe","word":"babble","definition":"To talk rapidly and unintelligibly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"balbucear","language_family":"germanic","root":"bab-","root_meaning":"sound of speech","root_language":"Proto-Germanic (imitative)","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"babble","meaning":"talk unintelligibly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bab(e)len","meaning":"to chatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic (imitative)","meaning":"sound of speech","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baby","babel","gibber","blabber","babbling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prattle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gabble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"817a9829-498c-4823-9338-5f50d9f9be8b","word":"babe","definition":"A very young child, infant, or baby.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"babe","root_meaning":"baby, infant","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"babe","meaning":"very young child","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"babe","meaning":"infant","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baby","babble","baba"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baby","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"child","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"98c50712-5e6c-4571-8ac6-6c4d25600e59","word":"babes","definition":"Young children or infants in plural form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"babe","root_meaning":"baby, infant","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"babes","meaning":"infants","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"babe","meaning":"baby, child","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baba","meaning":"child (imitative)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baby","baber","babish","infantile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"babies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tots","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"3619a654-35b4-4033-bc2b-7cff187a5c9d","word":"baby","definition":"A very young child or infant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bebé","language_family":"germanic","root":"babi","root_meaning":"infant sound, reduplication of 'ba'","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"babi","meaning":"Infant; likely from babbling sounds.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"baby","meaning":"Very young child.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"bebé","meaning":"Baby, infant. (from French bébé)","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["babe","babble","babysit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"newborn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"babe","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"324fe82e-888e-46aa-93bb-3de3097e0930","word":"babysit","definition":"To care for someone else's child temporarily, usually for pay.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"babysit","meaning":"to care for someone else's child temporarily","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"baby","meaning":"an infant or young child","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"sit","meaning":"to be seated; by extension, to stay with or watch over","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["babysitter","baby-sitting","sitter","childcare","minder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"watch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"care for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supervise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"d1e764bd-cdc5-4ec7-96b4-d4301204a0ba","word":"babysitter","definition":"A person employed to look after one or more children while their parents are away.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baby, sit","root_meaning":"young child, to be in a seated position","root_language":"English","root_era":"1930s (compound), pre-1100 (components)","proto_root":"*bhabh- (imitative), *sed- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"babysitter","meaning":"A person employed to look after one or more children while their parents are away.","children":[{"era":"14th C.","word":"baby","meaning":"infant","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"15th C.","word":"sitter","meaning":"one who sits","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sit","meaning":"to be in a seated position","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["babysitting","babyhood","sitting","sit-in"],"synonyms":[{"word":"childminder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nanny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caregiver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"a2869063-c7c7-41be-83df-eaccc22f8239","word":"bach","definition":"In New Zealand English, a bach is a small, simple holiday house or hut.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bacheler","root_meaning":"young man; unmarried man","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bach","meaning":"a small holiday house, especially in New Zealand English","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"bachelor","meaning":"the source word behind the New Zealand abbreviation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bacheler","meaning":"young man; unmarried man","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bachelor","bachelorhood","bachelorette","bachelor pad","bachelordom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cottage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holiday home","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"52b8d950-fff0-40a9-803f-c3228e2e385f","word":"bachelor","definition":"A man who has not yet married.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bachiller","language_family":"french","root":"bacheler","root_meaning":"young knight, novice","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bachelor","meaning":"A man who has not yet married","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bacheler","meaning":"young knight, novice","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"baccalarius","meaning":"farm tenant, young man","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baccalaureate","bachelorette","chivalry","knight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"single man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unmarried man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celibate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"4988ca95-520e-4161-a51f-59ab2d30ccbf","word":"back","definition":"The rear surface of a person's body or the reverse side of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English bæc","root_meaning":"rear part of body","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"back","meaning":"rear surface of body or object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bæc","meaning":"back, rear","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*bak-","meaning":"back, ridge","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["backup","backlog","backbone","backdrop","backward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rear","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reverse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dorsum","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"4a87435d-058f-44d0-8ef6-a37fb947ea64","word":"backbone","definition":"Backbone means the spinal column, and by extension the main supporting strength of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"back + bone","root_meaning":"back and bone","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backbone","meaning":"the spinal column or main supporting strength","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"the rear side of the body","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bone","meaning":"a hard component of the skeleton","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["back","bone","backboned","backbone-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spinal column","formality":"technical"},{"word":"vertebral column","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"694fed23-d869-4044-a48a-c4c274f3ca83","word":"background","definition":"The part of a scene that is behind the main objects or figures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"back","root_meaning":"rear part","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"background","meaning":"rear area or context","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"back + ground","meaning":"rear + land/surface","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear part of body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bhak-","meaning":"back, behind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ground","meaning":"earth, land, foundation","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["background","backgrounding","backgrounds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"backdrop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"setting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"context","formality":"formal"},{"word":"environment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"2dbda5c1-61bd-40d4-9332-736198ab5a8e","word":"backpack","definition":"A bag with shoulder straps, carried on one's back.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"back + pack","root_meaning":"rear part of body + bundle/bag","root_language":"Old English (bæc) + Low German/Dutch (pak)","root_era":"pre-1100 (back), 1300s (pack), 1900s (backpack)","proto_root":"*bakaz (back), *pakka- (pack)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backpack","meaning":"A bag carried on one's back.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear part of body","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"pack","meaning":"bundle, bag","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baggage","luggage","package","rucksack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rucksack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knapsack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daypack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"0e57c89e-18a6-4f80-96cb-363be09462af","word":"backseat","definition":"A backseat is the rear seat of a vehicle, and figuratively a subordinate or less active position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backseat","meaning":"the rear seat of a vehicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear part; behind","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seat","meaning":"a place to sit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["back seat","backseat driver","backseat driving","rear seat","seating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rear seat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"back seat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rear bench","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"0f6227e4-97ee-4e1c-9767-3c2c0d6d260c","word":"backside","definition":"Backside is the rear part of a person, animal, or object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"back + side","root_meaning":"rear side","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backside","meaning":"rear part of a person, animal, or object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"back; rear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*baką","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"side; flank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sidō","meaning":"side","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["back","side","backing","backward","sideline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hindquarters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"posterior","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"23f91d0c-0d1e-4110-b185-8200eb6e539e","word":"backstage","definition":"In or to the area behind the stage in a theater, especially the dressing rooms.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"back + stage","root_meaning":"behind + platform","root_language":"English","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backstage","meaning":"behind the stage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear part","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"stage","meaning":"platform","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["back","stage","onstage","offstage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"behind the scenes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offstage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"c58598ae-e639-40aa-bf0c-2c7a31384f98","word":"backup","definition":"A copy of a file or other item of data made in case the original is lost or damaged.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bæc, upp","root_meaning":"rear part, upwards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bak-, *upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backup","meaning":"a copy for safety","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear part","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["backer","backing","comeback","uptake","uphold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duplicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reserve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"4cdef80b-df2d-4dda-a3f3-9eed6c7edf4f","word":"backward","definition":"Directed toward the back or in the reverse direction.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weard","root_meaning":"toward, facing, guarding","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backward","meaning":"directed to the rear; in reverse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear, hind part","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ward","meaning":"toward; facing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weard","meaning":"toward, facing, guarding","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["backwards","backwardly","backwardness","backward-looking","backwardnesses"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reverse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rearward","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retarded","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"570c6499-c87a-488a-b690-153b7dcec071","word":"backwards","definition":"Toward the back; with the back foremost.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bæcweardes","root_meaning":"back-way","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backwards","meaning":"Toward the back; with the back foremost.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bæcweardes","meaning":"back-way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bæc","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-weard","meaning":"direction suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["back","forward","upwards","downwards"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rearward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retreating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astern","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"cc1cc629-5d99-4dcf-9fa3-70ce44f16a96","word":"backyard","definition":"A yard behind a house.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bæc + geard","root_meaning":"rear + enclosure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bakaz + *garda-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"backyard","meaning":"yard behind a house","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear part","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"yard","meaning":"enclosure, garden","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["background","backlog","yardstick","garden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"garden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lawn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"de3160ed-f6f9-4fc5-a9a1-58692e0b411b","word":"bacon","definition":"Cured meat from the sides and belly of a pig, typically cut into rashers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baco","root_meaning":"back, ham","root_language":"Old Low Franconian","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bakō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bacon","meaning":"cured pig meat","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bacon","meaning":"bacon, salted pig meat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baco","meaning":"back, ham","children":[],"language":"Old Low Franconian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["back","gammon","pancetta","pork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pork belly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gammon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"streaky bacon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"bd9fcf58-bad4-4627-a61b-4a586704ebd0","word":"bacteria","definition":"Microscopic single-celled organisms found in every habitat on Earth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bacteria","language_family":"greek","root":"baktērion","root_meaning":"small staff, rod","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"baktḗrion (βακτήριον)","meaning":"Small staff, rod. Diminutive of baktēria (staff, cane).","children":[{"era":"1847","word":"bacteria","meaning":"Rod-shaped microorganisms.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"bacteria","meaning":"Bacteria.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["bacterial","bacteriology","antibacterial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"germs","formality":"informal"},{"word":"microbes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"microorganisms","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"7208a651-b962-44d7-880d-25dfaeab09ed","word":"bacterial","definition":"Relating to or caused by bacteria.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"bacterial","language_family":"greek","root":"bakterion","root_meaning":"small staff, rod","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bacterial","meaning":"relating to bacteria","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"bacteria","meaning":"rod-shaped organisms","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bakterion","meaning":"small staff, rod","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bacteria","bacterium","bacteriology","antibacterial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"microbial","formality":"technical"},{"word":"germ-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pathogenic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"infective","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"8b19e9e3-7d3d-408b-983c-587df40d50fd","word":"bad","definition":"Of poor quality or a low standard; not good.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"malo","language_family":"germanic","root":"bæddel","root_meaning":"hermaphrodite, effeminate person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"bad","meaning":"Of poor quality; morally wrong.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"badde","meaning":"Wicked, inferior.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"bæddel","meaning":"Womanish man (derogatory origin).","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["badly","badness","worse","worst"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inferior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"terrible","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"0e0b197d-14a6-42fa-96a2-ba7d755c6d58","word":"badass","definition":"A tough, audacious, or admirable person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bad, ass","root_meaning":"evil, buttocks","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100, 1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"badass","meaning":"tough, audacious person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bad","meaning":"evil, inferior","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ass","meaning":"buttocks, donkey","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ærs","meaning":"buttocks","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tough","rebel","fearless","audacious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tough","formality":"informal"},{"word":"rebel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fearless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"cc76d6e9-4796-43d4-947a-d895af71d129","word":"badge","definition":"A device or emblem, often bearing a design, worn as an insignia of rank, office, membership, or achievement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bage","root_meaning":"insignia","root_language":"Old French (Anglo-Norman)","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"badge","meaning":"insignia","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bage","meaning":"badge, device","children":[],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emblem","insignia","token","mark","blazon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emblem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insignia","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"symbol","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"3a80ea2d-851e-4572-a79f-d7d0f28a9eba","word":"bag","definition":"A flexible container with handles used for carrying items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"baggi","root_meaning":"bag, bundle","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s-1000s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bag","meaning":"flexible container","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"bagge","meaning":"bag, pouch","children":[{"era":"800s-1000s","word":"baggi","meaning":"bag, bundle","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bags","bagged","bagging","baggage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pouch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tote","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"b87f1123-41a5-4d82-a382-1051a6c966db","word":"bagel","definition":"A dense, ring-shaped bread roll that is typically boiled before baking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beugel","root_meaning":"ring, hoop, bend","root_language":"Middle High German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bagel","meaning":"a dense, ring-shaped bread roll that is typically boiled before baking","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"beygl","meaning":"ring-shaped roll","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"beugel","meaning":"ring, hoop, bend","children":[],"language":"Middle High German"}],"language":"Yiddish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beigel","beygl","beugel","bagels"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beigel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beygl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bread ring","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"d12ee338-1b69-400e-8d7e-36ab63aceab7","word":"baggage","definition":"Suitcases, bags, and other containers holding a traveler's belongings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bagaje","language_family":"french","root":"bage","root_meaning":"bundle, pack","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*bagg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"baggage","meaning":"Suitcases, bags, and other containers.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"baggage","meaning":"bags and equipment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bage","meaning":"bundle","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bag","pack","luggage","encumbrance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"luggage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impedimenta","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"b5e03b4b-c8b1-419e-b311-0e176d0f4cd5","word":"bags","definition":"Plural of bag; containers made of flexible material for carrying or storing items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"baggi","root_meaning":"bag, bundle","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bags","meaning":"plural of bag, containers","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bag","meaning":"flexible container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baggi","meaning":"bundle, bag","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bag","bagged","baggage","baggy","handbag"],"synonyms":[{"word":"containers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pouches","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sacks","formality":"informal"},{"word":"totes","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"d3a13ddd-01f4-43c4-883a-f95d63158d48","word":"bail","definition":"The temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, often with a financial guarantee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bail","root_meaning":"custody, delivery","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bail","meaning":"temporary release","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bail","meaning":"custody, administration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"baiulare","meaning":"to carry a burden","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bailiff","bailment","unbailable","bailable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surety","formality":"formal"},{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"1d863c94-ee4b-44cd-98f4-a920dd8bb991","word":"bailey","definition":"The outer wall of a castle or the courtyard enclosed by it. Also a common surname.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"baille","root_meaning":"enclosure, courtyard","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bailey","meaning":"castle courtyard","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"baille","meaning":"enclosure, palisade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"baculum","meaning":"stick, pole (related to a palisade)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bailiff","ballistics","palisade","circumvallation","bail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courtyard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ward","formality":"technical"},{"word":"enclosure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"6e023eff-c42c-48a3-a1c9-9fde156a272b","word":"bailiff","definition":"An officer who executes court orders or manages an estate or district.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"baiulus","root_meaning":"burden-bearer, porter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bailiff","meaning":"a court officer or estate manager","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bailif","meaning":"an officer, administrator, steward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"baillif","meaning":"administrator, steward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"baiulus","meaning":"porter, burden-bearer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bailiwick","bailie","bailiffship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marshal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sheriff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"dc72bbd6-c976-45df-aac4-399e31313f39","word":"bait","definition":"Food or other enticement placed on a hook or in a trap to attract fish or other animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"beita","root_meaning":"to cause to bite, to feed","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bait","meaning":"An enticement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bætan","meaning":"to feed, to provide pasture","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beita","meaning":"to cause to bite, to feed","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bite","bit","bate","boat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enticement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"ea674fda-feee-46bd-8000-5728743867e5","word":"bake","definition":"Cook (food) by dry heat, especially in an oven.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bacan","root_meaning":"to bake","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰeh₃g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bake","meaning":"to cook in an oven","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bacan","meaning":"to bake","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*bʰeh₃g-","meaning":"to warm, to roast","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baker","bakery","baking","oven"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"4a8f108d-7c47-4612-b964-5cab3b07d394","word":"bakery","definition":"A place where bread, cakes, and pastries are baked or sold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bacan","root_meaning":"to bake","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhēg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bakery","meaning":"place where bread is baked","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bake","meaning":"to cook by dry heat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bacan","meaning":"to bake","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bake","baker","baking","oven","dough"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bakeshop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patisserie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confectionery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"bc0468f5-e633-411e-bb47-e32410b56bde","word":"balance","definition":"An even distribution of weight or a state of equilibrium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"balanza","language_family":"french","root":"balance","root_meaning":"a pair of scales","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"bilāncem","meaning":"A balance with two pans, from bi + lanx.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"balance","meaning":"A pair of scales, equilibrium.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"balance","meaning":"Equilibrium, equal distribution.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"balanza","meaning":"Scale, balance.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["balanced","imbalance","unbalanced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equilibrium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stability","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"ada9c61e-ffae-4c55-88d1-f28b1b467cca","word":"balcony","definition":"A platform projecting from the wall of a building, enclosed by a railing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"balcón","language_family":"other","root":"balcone","root_meaning":"scaffold, large window","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*balko (Germanic)","etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"*balko","meaning":"Beam.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"balcone","meaning":"Large window, platform.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"balcony","meaning":"Projecting platform.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"balcón","meaning":"Balcony.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},"related_words":["balk","baluster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"veranda","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loggia","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"83bb7c53-4eab-48be-a043-e06f89d3ff9d","word":"bald","definition":"Having little or no hair on the scalp.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"balde","root_meaning":"white-faced, streaked, having a white spot","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bald","meaning":"hairless","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"balde","meaning":"white-faced, streaked","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baldness","balding","ball"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hairless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smooth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"1285192e-b3a9-4278-b480-49d6babadcc3","word":"ball","definition":"A spherical or rounded object used in games and sports.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bola","language_family":"germanic","root":"bal","root_meaning":"round object, sphere","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ball","meaning":"spherical object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bal","meaning":"round object","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ballr","meaning":"sphere, round object","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ballad","ballet","balloon","ballast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sphere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"},{"word":"globe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"d01fac75-a757-49bc-b6db-ed86b6d84d50","word":"ballad","definition":"A narrative song or poem, originally one meant to accompany dancing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"balada","language_family":"french","root":"ballare","root_meaning":"to dance","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"late classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ballad","meaning":"a narrative song or poem","children":[{"era":"13c.","word":"ballade","meaning":"dance song","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ballada","meaning":"a poem or song for dancing","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"ballare","meaning":"to dance","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old Provençal"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ballade","balladeer","balladry","balladic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"song","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lyric","formality":"literary"},{"word":"lay","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"63c59e1b-ed53-4465-9638-70477a21fee7","word":"ballet","definition":"An artistic dance form performed to music, using precise and highly formalized set steps and gestures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ballet","language_family":"latin","root":"ballare","root_meaning":"to dance","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ballet","meaning":"An artistic dance form","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"ballet","meaning":"ballet, dance","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"balletto","meaning":"a little dance","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"ballare","meaning":"to dance","children":[],"language":"Late Latin/Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ballad","ballroom","ballerina","dance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choreography","formality":"technical"},{"word":"performance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"55998182-ad80-47e7-9332-64dceaecc7c9","word":"ballistic","definition":"Relating to the motion, behavior, or science of projectiles, or used informally for something wildly energetic or uncontrolled.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"balístico","language_family":"greek","root":"βάλλω (ballō)","root_meaning":"to throw","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷelH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ballistic","meaning":"relating to projectiles or projectile motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ballistikos","meaning":"pertaining to throwing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ballizein","meaning":"to throw, hurl","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ballō","meaning":"I throw","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ballistics","ballistically","ballist","ballista"],"synonyms":[{"word":"projectile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"high-velocity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"explosive","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"77b7e690-eb1f-4f03-9779-8bcb3e7841ef","word":"ballistics","definition":"The science of the motion and behavior of projectiles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"balística","language_family":"greek","root":"ballein","root_meaning":"to throw","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ballistics","meaning":"the science of the motion and behavior of projectiles","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"ballistic + -s","meaning":"a noun formed from ballistic, with the plural or collective -s","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"ballistic","meaning":"relating to projectiles or their motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ballistikos","meaning":"able to throw","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ballein","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ballistic","ballista","ballist","ballistically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"projectile science","formality":"technical"},{"word":"trajectory analysis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"projectile dynamics","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"a42618c4-0d79-4d5b-86a7-3164bbf3c738","word":"balloon","definition":"A bag made of light material, inflated with air or gas so that it can float or be carried by the wind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"balón","language_family":"french","root":"ballone","root_meaning":"large ball","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"balloon","meaning":"inflated bag","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"ballon","meaning":"large ball, balloon","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ballone","meaning":"large ball","children":[{"era":"before 1500s","word":"balla","meaning":"ball, bundle","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ball","ballet","ballistic","ballot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sphere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bubble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"7e6c4c67-4b86-4313-84a7-559a8d6cd623","word":"ballot","definition":"A process of voting, typically secret, and by means of printed forms or tickets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"ballotta","root_meaning":"small ball","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ballot","meaning":"A process of voting","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"ballotta","meaning":"small ball (used for voting)","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"balla","meaning":"ball","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ball","ballet","ballistic","balloon","ballad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"election","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"9ab131ef-dece-42dd-896f-b10e4cac266d","word":"ballroom","definition":"A ballroom is a large room designed for formal dancing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ballroom","meaning":"a large room designed for formal dancing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ball","meaning":"a formal dance or dancing event","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bal","meaning":"dance; formal dance gathering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ballare","meaning":"to dance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English/French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"room","meaning":"an enclosed space in a building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rūm","meaning":"space; extent; room","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ball","ballet","ballad","ballerina"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dance hall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dance venue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reception hall","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"7c958921-4062-49a2-8582-9c5d383014fe","word":"bam","definition":"Representing the sound of a sharp, sudden blow or impact.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bam","root_meaning":"imitative of a sharp blow","root_language":"english","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bam","meaning":"sound of impact","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"bam","meaning":"onomatopoeic","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bang","boom","thump"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wham","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"d7304585-d3a1-4362-afed-9eb48121a259","word":"bamboo","definition":"A giant woody grass that grows chiefly in the tropics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bambú","language_family":"other","root":"mambu","root_meaning":"bamboo","root_language":"Malay","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bamboo","meaning":"woody grass","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bambu","meaning":"bamboo","children":[{"era":"pre-1600s","word":"mambu","meaning":"bamboo","children":[],"language":"Malay"}],"language":"Dutch/Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bambusa","cane","reed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"3d7cead3-7584-4a93-830c-a7dbd59ce205","word":"ban","definition":"To officially or legally prohibit.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bannan","root_meaning":"to summon, proclaim, forbid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bannan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ban","meaning":"to prohibit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bannan","meaning":"to summon, proclaim, forbid","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bannan","meaning":"to speak, proclaim","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["banns","abandon","bandit","contraband"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forbid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prohibit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outlaw","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"e3144337-6267-499b-8803-4a9ec89d6e18","word":"banana","definition":"A long curved fruit which grows in clusters and has a soft pulpy flesh and yellow skin when ripe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"banana","language_family":"other","root":"banana","root_meaning":"banana","root_language":"Wolof/Manding","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"banana","meaning":"A long curved fruit.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"banana","meaning":"banana","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"banana","meaning":"banana","children":[],"language":"Wolof/Manding"}],"language":"Spanish/Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plantain","fruit","berry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plantain","formality":"technical"},{"word":"yellow fruit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"00d2dfb6-4b89-40fb-a973-8d508f8c147c","word":"band","definition":"A group of people united for a common purpose, or a flat strip of material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"banda","language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *bandiz","root_meaning":"something that binds or constrains","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"band","meaning":"group of people or flat strip","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bande","meaning":"group, troop","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"banda","meaning":"band, strip","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bandage","bandsman","bandit","ribbon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stripe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ensemble","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crew","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"bb66c786-e737-442f-aa01-f6187361d6cf","word":"bandage","definition":"A bandage is a strip or wrap of material used to cover, support, or bind an injured part of the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bander","root_meaning":"to bind or wrap","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bʰendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bandage","meaning":"a strip or wrap used to cover or support an injury","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bandage","meaning":"a binding or band","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bander","meaning":"to bind or wrap","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bande","meaning":"a band or strip","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Frankish *bandwa","meaning":"something tied or bound","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["band","bind","binding","bandeau","bandana"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dressing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"binding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"d277c61f-82db-4623-881b-c5aa8bd62bcb","word":"bandit","definition":"A robber or outlaw, typically a member of a gang.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bandido","language_family":"latin","root":"bandire","root_meaning":"to banish, outlaw","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bandit","meaning":"outlaw","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"bandit","meaning":"outlaw","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"bandito","meaning":"outlaw, banished man","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"bandire","meaning":"to banish, proclaim","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"bannan","meaning":"to proclaim, summon","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["ban","abandon","contraband","bandolier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outlaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brigand","formality":"literary"},{"word":"desperado","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"f4ea0037-f974-4273-9e11-4ef58a7c87fd","word":"bandwidth","definition":"The range of frequencies within a given band, in particular that used for transmitting a signal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bandwidth","meaning":"The range of frequencies...","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"band","meaning":"binding, tie","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"width","meaning":"extent, broadness","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["band","wide","widen","width","bind","bound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capacity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throughput","formality":"technical"},{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"21c58602-72ee-4d4b-a7af-51a743cdcde5","word":"bang","definition":"A sudden loud noise, or a sudden forceful blow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"banga","root_meaning":"to hammer","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bang","meaning":"loud noise; forceful blow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bang","meaning":"strike, beat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"banga","meaning":"to hammer, to beat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["banging","banger","bunk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whack","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"73a40b73-cf89-4d56-8797-6b73fc708809","word":"banjo","definition":"A banjo is a stringed instrument with a membrane-covered body and a long neck, usually played by plucking or strumming.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"banjo","meaning":"a plucked stringed instrument with a drum-like body","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"banjer","meaning":"an early variant spelling of banjo","children":[{"era":"pre-1700","word":"uncertain African source","meaning":"the ultimate source is uncertain and probably West African","children":[],"language":"unknown"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["banjoist","banjolele","banjoes","banjo-playing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lute","formality":"literary"},{"word":"guitar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stringed instrument","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"53f6f506-43c1-49ba-a225-0dabc027196e","word":"bank","definition":"An institution for keeping, lending, and exchanging money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"banco","language_family":"other","root":"banca","root_meaning":"bench, money changer's table","root_language":"Old Italian","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bheg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*bheg-","meaning":"A ridge, bench.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"banca","meaning":"Bench used by money changers.","children":[{"era":"1470s","word":"bank","meaning":"Financial institution.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"banco","meaning":"Bank, bench.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},"related_words":["bankrupt","banker","embankment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financial institution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"271bfb71-f058-403d-9482-636d2e3aad58","word":"banker","definition":"A person who works in a bank, especially in a managerial or executive role.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"banquero","language_family":"germanic","root":"banc","root_meaning":"bench, money changer's table","root_language":"Old French / Old Italian","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bhan-k-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"banker","meaning":"A person who works in a bank, especially in a managerial or executive role.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bank","meaning":"an establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue of money, and for the extension of credit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"banc","meaning":"bench, money changer's table","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"banco","meaning":"bench, counter","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"banki","meaning":"bench, mound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bank","banking","bankrupt","bench"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moneylender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"226fcab0-eecb-48fd-bd2e-2d3785468c25","word":"banking","definition":"The business activity of managing money and providing financial services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"banca","language_family":"germanic","root":"bank","root_meaning":"bench, money table","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"banking","meaning":"financial services business","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bank","meaning":"place of business for money","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"banke","meaning":"bench or counter","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["banker","bankrupt","bank","banked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"financial services","formality":"formal"},{"word":"money management","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"0bb21dbb-3f05-4c40-a70b-42daed16b731","word":"bankrupt","definition":"(Of a person or organization) declared in law unable to pay debts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"bancarrota","language_family":"latin","root":"banca rotta","root_meaning":"broken bench","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bankrupt","meaning":"unable to pay debts","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"banqueroute","meaning":"bankruptcy","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"banca rotta","meaning":"broken bench","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"banca","meaning":"bench, bank","children":[],"language":"Italian"},{"era":"medieval","word":"rotta","meaning":"broken","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bank","route","rupture","interrupt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insolvent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broke","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"e0a069ab-ca21-4841-920a-bbc25430e99b","word":"banks","definition":"Plural of bank; financial institutions that accept deposits and make loans, or elevated ground along a river.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bancos","language_family":"germanic","root":"banc","root_meaning":"bench, a counter for financial transactions","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bank-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"banks","meaning":"plural of bank","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bank","meaning":"financial institution or river embankment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"banc","meaning":"bench, counter","children":[{"era":"Norse era","word":"banki","meaning":"bench","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English/Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bank","banker","banking","bankrupt","riverbank"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financial institutions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lenders","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embankments","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"5922e042-c389-42da-bb44-1ab27634945d","word":"banner","definition":"A long strip of cloth bearing a slogan or design, carried in a demonstration or procession or hung in a public place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bandera","language_family":"germanic","root":"banjan","root_meaning":"to summon by trumpet, make public proclamation","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*banniz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"banner","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"baniere","meaning":"banner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bandwō","meaning":"a banner, standard","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abandon","ban","bandit","band (group)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pennant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"c1b2f3ce-a61e-4726-a21a-0ff9dde190c0","word":"banquet","definition":"An elaborate and formal meal for many people, often celebrating an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"banquete","language_family":"french","root":"banc","root_meaning":"bench, table","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"banquet","meaning":"An elaborate and formal meal for many people, often celebrating an event.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"banquet","meaning":"small feast","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"banc","meaning":"bench, table","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bench","bankrupt","bunker","bank (river)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gala","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reception","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"dfc17800-38ee-494f-b67b-9d650dc11ae0","word":"bao","definition":"Bao is a steamed East Asian bun, often filled with meat, vegetables, or sweet paste.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"包 (bāo)","root_meaning":"to wrap, bundle","root_language":"Chinese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bao","meaning":"a steamed East Asian bun","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Mandarin Chinese bāo","meaning":"bundle; wrap; bun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"包","meaning":"to wrap, bundle","children":[],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baozi","baoguo","bao bun","steamed bun","bao flavour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steamed bun","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baozi","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bun","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"9fd93b62-eb9e-46a0-acc3-33997a14b14a","word":"baptism","definition":"A Christian rite of sprinkling water or immersion, symbolizing purification.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bautismo","language_family":"greek","root":"baptisma","root_meaning":"dipping, washing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~100 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 AD","word":"báptisma (βάπτισμα)","meaning":"Immersion, washing. From baptizein (to dip, immerse).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"baptism","meaning":"A religious rite of purification.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"bautismo","meaning":"Baptism.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["baptize","baptist","baptismal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"christening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immersion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"1b22f60e-ec7a-4340-85ca-24ce8dfe7190","word":"baptist","definition":"A member of a Protestant denomination distinguished by its emphasis on adult baptism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bautista","language_family":"greek","root":"baptizein","root_meaning":"to dip, immerse","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"baptist","meaning":"A member of a Protestant denomination distinguished by its emphasis on adult baptism.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"baptistes","meaning":"one who baptizes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"baptizein","meaning":"to dip, immerse","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin (via Greek)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baptism","baptize","baptistery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anabaptist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"nonconformist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"2d54b373-d71c-467a-b4f9-5d8aa8b64a0c","word":"baptize","definition":"To confer baptism on someone, usually by applying water as a religious rite.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"bautizar","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek baptízein","root_meaning":"to dip, immerse, or baptize","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"baptize","meaning":"to administer baptism","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"baptize","meaning":"to baptize","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"baptiser","meaning":"to baptize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"baptizāre","meaning":"to baptize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"baptízein","meaning":"to dip, immerse, or baptize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"báptein","meaning":"to dip, plunge, dye","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["baptism","baptismal","baptist","baptismal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"christen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immerse","formality":"technical"},{"word":"initiate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"13597425-9fc2-4977-bf90-0f7978bd6150","word":"bar","definition":"A long rigid piece of material; a counter where drinks are served; to obstruct or prevent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barra","language_family":"french","root":"barre","root_meaning":"bar, rod","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bar","meaning":"rod, counter, or obstruction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"barre","meaning":"bar, rod, beam","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barra","meaning":"rod, bar","children":[],"language":"Iberian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barred","barring","barrel","barrier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"2f2c9ea3-ddf1-4a1f-a6c6-3776a572fded","word":"barb","definition":"A sharp projection extending backward from a point, as on a fishhook or arrow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barba","language_family":"latin","root":"barba","root_meaning":"beard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰardʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barb","meaning":"sharp backward-pointing projection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"barbe","meaning":"beard, also barb of a hook","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barba","meaning":"beard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barber","barbed","beard","barbarian","hook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"7e813a3b-1333-41f5-8885-b1fbad542fe4","word":"barbarian","definition":"A barbarian is a person regarded as uncivilized or culturally foreign, especially from the viewpoint of another group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bárbaro","language_family":"greek","root":"barbaros","root_meaning":"foreign, non-Greek; later uncivilized","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barbarian","meaning":"an uncivilized or foreign person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barbarianus","meaning":"foreign, barbarous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barbarus","meaning":"foreign, rude, uncivilized","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barbaros","meaning":"foreign, non-Greek","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barbarism","barbarous","barbarity","barbarize","barb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"savage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brute","formality":"informal"},{"word":"heathen","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"beabf872-76dc-43ec-a3c4-587a1d013f07","word":"barbaric","definition":"Cruelly uncivilized or grossly harsh.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"bárbaro","language_family":"greek","root":"βάρβαρος","root_meaning":"foreign, non-Greek; barbarian","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barbaric","meaning":"cruelly uncivilized or savage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barbaricus","meaning":"foreign; barbarian-like","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barbarikos","meaning":"foreign, barbarian","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"βάρβαρος","meaning":"foreign person; barbarian","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barbarian","barbarism","barbarous","barbarically","barb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"savage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brutal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncivilized","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"be697e5c-3f37-4971-8aae-4f9a647411e2","word":"barbecue","definition":"A meal or gathering at which food is cooked outdoors on a grill or open fire, or the apparatus used for such cooking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barbacoa","language_family":"other","root":"barbakoa","root_meaning":"framework of sticks","root_language":"Taíno","root_era":"pre-Columbian","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barbecue","meaning":"outdoor meal/grill","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"barbacoa","meaning":"wooden frame for roasting","children":[{"era":"pre-Columbian","word":"barbakoa","meaning":"framework of sticks","children":[],"language":"Taíno"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["grill","cookout","pitmaster","barbecued"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cookout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"braai","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"914fecba-765d-4da6-8c7e-af743768d9ad","word":"barber","definition":"A person whose occupation is to cut hair, shave or trim beards, and perform related services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barbero","language_family":"latin","root":"barba","root_meaning":"beard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barber","meaning":"hair cutter","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"barbour","meaning":"barber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barba","meaning":"beard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beard","barb","barbel","barbershop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hairdresser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stylist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"37b68f42-c8ee-47f0-aebe-16d82f8f4518","word":"bare","definition":"Without covering or clothing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bær","root_meaning":"uncovered","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhosos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bare","meaning":"Without covering or clothing.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bær","meaning":"uncovered","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bhosos","meaning":"bare","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["naked","exposed","unadorned","barren"],"synonyms":[{"word":"naked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exposed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"2fb65805-87f5-44e9-bcb0-912887f2ffb2","word":"barefoot","definition":"Barefoot means having no shoes or other foot covering on the feet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English bærfōt","root_meaning":"bare-footed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barefoot","meaning":"having no shoes on the feet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bærfōt","meaning":"bare-footed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bær","meaning":"bare, uncovered","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fōt","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barefooted","bare","foot","shoeless","unshod"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shoeless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unshod","formality":"formal"},{"word":"barefooted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"fb41bc3d-1c75-489f-ad50-ef35dea833e1","word":"bargain","definition":"An agreement between two or more parties as to what each party will do for the other; a thing bought or offered for sale more cheaply than is usual or expected.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"barguigner","root_meaning":"to haggle, to negotiate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bargain","meaning":"an agreement or a good deal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bargaigne","meaning":"haggling, dealing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"barguigner","meaning":"to haggle, negotiate","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barter","embargo","bargaining"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"negotiation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steal","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"1171b034-d985-4744-945c-67b609c6ca96","word":"barge","definition":"A long flat-bottomed boat, typically used for carrying freight on canals and rivers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"barga (Old French)","root_meaning":"boat, small ship","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barge","meaning":"A flat-bottomed boat","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"barge","meaning":"a flat boat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"barge","meaning":"boat, ship","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"barca","meaning":"boat, small ship","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boat","bark (ship)","barkantine","embark","disembark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lighter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"freighter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"7f9b1533-8ee2-4721-abdf-e1ffe0ce27b2","word":"bark","definition":"The tough outer covering of the trunk, branches, and twigs of a tree.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"bǫrkr","root_meaning":"bark","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bark","meaning":"tree covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bǫrkr","meaning":"bark","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["birch","bare","board"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cortex","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"f510f4fb-73ae-4aed-8ee9-2e66d02984d9","word":"barker","definition":"A dog that barks, or a person who shouts to attract attention, especially in sales or entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English beorcan","root_meaning":"to bark; utter an abrupt cry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barker","meaning":"a dog that barks or a loud caller who attracts attention","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"bark","meaning":"to utter a bark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beorcan","meaning":"to bark","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*berkan","meaning":"echoic bark sound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bark","barked","barking","barky","barkers"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hawker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shouter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caller","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"a2b97bef-bb0a-4130-819a-a83abaa371f9","word":"barn","definition":"A large farm building used for storing hay, grain, or for housing livestock.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bere-ærn","root_meaning":"barley house","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰars- + *h₂erh₃-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barn","meaning":"A large farm building.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bere-ærn","meaning":"barley house","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barley","granary","garner","byre","house"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outbuilding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cowshed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"dddc41a2-1b05-4dba-bd6c-2684aad78e1c","word":"barney","definition":"A noisy quarrel or argument, especially a public one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barney","meaning":"A noisy quarrel","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brawl","fracas","argument","dispute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quarrel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"row","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tiff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"108c405d-74d5-4749-a18b-557d69ce3a4b","word":"baron","definition":"A title of nobility, ranking below a viscount.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barón","language_family":"french","root":"barun","root_meaning":"man, warrior, nobleman","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*bʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"baron","meaning":"A title of nobility, ranking below a viscount.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"barun","meaning":"man, warrior, nobleman","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"*barō","meaning":"man, warrior","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barony","baroness","baronial","baronial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nobleman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"7a9b69a0-8095-4093-89d2-544e7f1a7fc8","word":"barrel","definition":"A cylindrical container, bulging out in the middle, traditionally made of wooden staves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barril","language_family":"french","root":"baril","root_meaning":"cask, barrel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barrel","meaning":"cylindrical container","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"barrel","meaning":"cask","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"baril","meaning":"cask, barrel","children":[{"era":"Pre-6th C","word":"barros","meaning":"wooden pole, stake","children":[],"language":"Gaulish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bar","barrier","barricade","barque"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keg","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drum","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"f3f85192-75cb-4268-853d-8b33b212d7d4","word":"barrier","definition":"A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barrera","language_family":"french","root":"barre","root_meaning":"bar, rod, obstacle","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barrier","meaning":"obstacle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"barrière","meaning":"obstacle, palisade","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"barre","meaning":"bar, rod","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bar","embarrass","barricade","disbar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obstacle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hindrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obstruction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"787a1730-0ee3-4f1e-87f6-6e76e6daaab1","word":"barrow","definition":"A mound of earth and stones raised over a grave, especially an ancient burial mound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bʰerǵʰ-","root_meaning":"to rise up; be elevated","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":"prehistory","proto_root":"*bʰerǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barrow","meaning":"a burial mound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"berwe","meaning":"hill; mound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beorg","meaning":"hill; mound; burial place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bergaz","meaning":"hill; mountain","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*bʰérǵʰos","meaning":"hill; height","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burrow","borough","berg","beorg","barrows"],"synonyms":[{"word":"burial mound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tumulus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"7ca39744-0d2e-4574-b6a2-a5aa5c45ef99","word":"barry","definition":"(Heraldry) Divided horizontally into several equal parts, usually six or eight, of two tinctures alternately.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"barre","root_meaning":"bar","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"barry","meaning":"Divided horizontally into several equal parts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"barré","meaning":"barred","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"barre","meaning":"bar","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bar","barrier","barricade","embarrass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"striped","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barred","formality":"technical"},{"word":"banded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"e7b361b8-37f1-4c72-871f-12e94b359dc1","word":"bars","definition":"Rigid pieces of material used as barriers, fasteners, or structural elements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barras","language_family":"germanic","root":"barre","root_meaning":"rod, staff","root_language":"Old French/Germanic","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bars","meaning":"rigid linear objects or rods","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bar","meaning":"rod, staff, barrier","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"barre","meaning":"rod, staff","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bar","barred","barring","barbell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staves","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beams","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strips","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"947e3f78-131f-4188-86ce-5355d2360dbc","word":"base","definition":"The lowest part or supporting layer of something; a foundation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"base","language_family":"greek","root":"basis","root_meaning":"a step, a pedestal","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"400s BCE","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*gʷem-","meaning":"To step, to come.","children":[{"era":"400s BCE","word":"basis","meaning":"A step, a pedestal, a foundation.","children":[{"era":"100s BCE","word":"basis","meaning":"Base, pedestal.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"base","meaning":"Foundation, lowest part.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"base","meaning":"Base, foundation.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["basis","basic","basement","database","abase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foundation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bottom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"root","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"5d89f1d6-1b71-4c58-821e-a54409a9e55f","word":"baseball","definition":"A sport played between two teams of nine players each who try to score runs by hitting a pitched ball.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"béisbol","language_family":"germanic","root":"base + ball","root_meaning":"safe place + round object","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"baseball","meaning":"sport with bases and ball","children":[{"era":"1830s","word":"baseball","meaning":"sport played with ball and bases","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"base","meaning":"foundation, bottom","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"800s","word":"ball","meaning":"round object","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["base","ball","ballpark","baseman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ball game","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diamond","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"46107c96-5da5-46ff-91ba-69e75411aa2d","word":"based","definition":"Founded on or established at a particular location or principle.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"basado","language_family":"greek","root":"basis","root_meaning":"foundation, base","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"based","meaning":"founded or established","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"base","meaning":"foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"basis","meaning":"foundation, base","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["base","basis","baseborn","baseball"],"synonyms":[{"word":"founded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"established","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rooted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"ed572395-2fba-4bbd-93b3-d3bb4ea80231","word":"basement","definition":"The floor of a building that is partly or entirely below ground level.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bas + -ment","root_meaning":"low + result of action/state","root_language":"French and Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basement","meaning":"lowest floor","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"bas","meaning":"low","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bassus","meaning":"thick, short","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ment","meaning":"result, action","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["base","basis","bass","low"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cellar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substructure","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"e82cad7f-9cd7-4d91-8209-2d5326e007b1","word":"basename","definition":"The final component of a pathname that is not a directory separator.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"basis (Greek/Latin) + nomen (Latin)","root_meaning":"foundation (Greek/Latin) + name (Latin)","root_language":"Greek, Latin","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":"*gʷem-, *h₁neh₃mn̥-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basename","meaning":"file name without path","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"base","meaning":"foundation","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"name","meaning":"designation","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["base","basic","name","naming","filename"],"synonyms":[{"word":"filename","formality":"technical"},{"word":"leafname","formality":"technical"},{"word":"label","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"d233afc7-49eb-423a-b965-d4ad579f8a81","word":"bash","definition":"To strike hard and violently.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bash","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"17th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bash","meaning":"strike hard","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smash","crash","hit","strike","thwack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smash","formality":"informal"},{"word":"clobber","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"5791213c-f7fb-4681-863a-cadd3b863be4","word":"basic","definition":"of or relating to the essential or fundamental part of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"básico","language_family":"greek","root":"basis","root_meaning":"foundation, base","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gwa-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basic","meaning":"fundamental, essential","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"basic","meaning":"of the base or foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"basis","meaning":"foundation, base","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["basis","basement","basalt","base"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fundamental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"essential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elementary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"5c3a50c5-457c-4071-ae7c-3bd35d688330","word":"basically","definition":"In the most essential respects; fundamentally.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"básico","language_family":"greek","root":"básis","root_meaning":"a stepping, a step; a base","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basically","meaning":"fundamentally","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"basic","meaning":"essential","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"base","meaning":"foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"basis","meaning":"foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"básis","meaning":"a stepping, a step","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["base","basic","basis","basement","debase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fundamentally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essentially","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primarily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"5b48f410-8d9f-4b35-b019-1d339b8e7521","word":"basil","definition":"An aromatic annual herb of the mint family, used as a culinary seasoning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"basilikon","root_meaning":"royal, kingly","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basil","meaning":"An aromatic annual herb of the mint family, used as a culinary seasoning.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"basile","meaning":"basil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"basilicum","meaning":"basil, royal herb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"basilikon","meaning":"royal (herb)","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["basilica","basilisk","king","regal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"herb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seasoning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"9f827477-6fae-4a69-978d-28f2663961dd","word":"basin","definition":"A wide, shallow, round dish or bowl used for washing, especially of dishes or oneself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bacin","language_family":"latin","root":"bacinus","root_meaning":"basin, bowl","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"500s-800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basin","meaning":"a wide, shallow bowl","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bacin","meaning":"basin, pan","children":[{"era":"500s-800s","word":"bacinus","meaning":"basin, bowl","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bath","lavabo","bowl","sink","trough"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"2bfc0d1b-041f-429b-b9d2-cb8d50c142a9","word":"basis","definition":"The underlying foundation or principal component on which something is built or established.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"base","language_family":"greek","root":"basis","root_meaning":"a stepping, a base","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*gwa-ti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basis","meaning":"foundation or underlying support","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"basis","meaning":"base, foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"basis","meaning":"base, foundation","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"basis","meaning":"a stepping, base, pedestal","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["base","basic","basement","baseball"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foundation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bedrock","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"4e20c70f-ff36-4bd0-b808-0186f3c8560c","word":"basket","definition":"A container made of woven material such as cane or willow; or a structure in certain sports for scoring.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baskette","root_meaning":"a woven container","root_language":"Old English and Old Norse","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"basket","meaning":"a woven container or scoring structure","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"basket","meaning":"a woven container made of reeds or wood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baskette","meaning":"a woven container","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["basketry","baskets","basket-weave","basketball"],"synonyms":[{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hamper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receptacle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"b6676a7a-de0f-4100-ba63-f273a13c2fd4","word":"basketball","definition":"A team sport played between two teams of five players who shoot a ball through an elevated hoop.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"baloncesto","language_family":"germanic","root":"basket + ball","root_meaning":"a ball thrown into a basket","root_language":"English","root_era":"1890s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1891","word":"basketball","meaning":"sport with ball and hoop","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"basket","meaning":"woven container","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ball","meaning":"round object","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["basket","ball","basketball","basketballer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hoops","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"a9421063-5f44-4fcb-92f8-5b66703053d1","word":"bass","definition":"A deep low-frequency sound or voice, or a type of freshwater or saltwater fish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bas","root_meaning":"low","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bas-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bass","meaning":"low sound or fish","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bass","meaning":"low sound or fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bas","meaning":"low","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bass player","bassist","bass guitar","bass clef"],"synonyms":[{"word":"low tone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deep sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"7a9e6887-4c5e-4cce-b0fe-2e7e902bfcfd","word":"bastard","definition":"A person born of parents not married to each other, or, informally and often offensively, an unpleasant or despicable person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bastardo","language_family":"french","root":"bastard","root_meaning":"child of a low-born mother","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bastard","meaning":"illegitimate child","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bastard","meaning":"child of a low-born mother; illegitimate child","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bastardy","bastardize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illegitimate child","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scoundrel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wretch","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"344562c2-2b35-4bae-a07c-a3700e280ca5","word":"bat","definition":"A nocturnal flying mammal with leathery wings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bakke","root_meaning":"bat","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bat","meaning":"a nocturnal flying mammal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bakke","meaning":"bat","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chiropteran","flutter","mammal","nocturnal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chiropteran","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flittermouse","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"night-flyer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"e053f21e-0770-4f1c-97e5-84b73ccb6745","word":"batch","definition":"A quantity or consignment of goods produced at one time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bācan","root_meaning":"to bake","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰeh₃g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"batch","meaning":"quantity produced at once","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bache","meaning":"a baking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bācan","meaning":"to bake","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bake","baker","bakery","biscuit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quantity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"09b20030-6c0a-4226-86b0-647a610f110c","word":"bate","definition":"To lessen the force or intensity of; to moderate or restrain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"abatir","language_family":"french","root":"abattre","root_meaning":"to beat down, to reduce","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bhau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bate","meaning":"to lessen, to reduce","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"abate","meaning":"to beat down, to lessen","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"abattre","meaning":"to strike down, reduce","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"abattuere","meaning":"to beat down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"battuere","meaning":"to beat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abate","battle","batter","debate","combat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diminish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restrain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"moderate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"e99f8c4e-ccc0-45ce-89dd-39938f86b84e","word":"bath","definition":"A container of water for washing the body, or the act of washing oneself in water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baeth","root_meaning":"to bathe, warm bath","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*baeth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bath","meaning":"container or act of bathing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bath","meaning":"a bathing, warm water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baeth","meaning":"to bathe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bathe","bathing","bathroom","bathtub","bather"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tub","formality":"informal"},{"word":"soak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ablution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"f3e7a6a0-059f-4b4f-be6c-c57be325b32d","word":"bathe","definition":"to wash oneself or another person, typically by immersion in water.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"bañar","language_family":"germanic","root":"baðian","root_meaning":"to wash, immerse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bathe","meaning":"to wash oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baðian","meaning":"to wash","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bath-","meaning":"to bathe","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*bheh₁-","meaning":"to warm, bath","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bath","bather","bathtub","unbathed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleanse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"12347dab-0145-407e-bed8-caadee24719a","word":"bathroom","definition":"A room containing a bath or shower and typically a toilet and sink.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baþ + rum","root_meaning":"bathing + space, room","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bathroom","meaning":"room with bathing and sanitary facilities","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bath + room","meaning":"compound formed as indoor plumbing became common","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baþ","meaning":"act of bathing, immersion in water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*baþam","meaning":"bath","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rum","meaning":"space, room","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ruman","meaning":"open space","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bath","bathe","room","bedroom","washroom","lavatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lavatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"washroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loo","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"34941b74-8974-4698-850c-78b7e3a06342","word":"bathtub","definition":"A large open container, typically a rectangular one, in which to wash the whole body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"balthus + tubbe","root_meaning":"bath + tub","root_language":"Old English/Middle Dutch","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1200s","proto_root":"*bʰeh₁- + *dup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bathtub","meaning":"container for bathing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bath + tub","meaning":"bath container","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"bath","meaning":"act of washing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bæþ","meaning":"bath","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bʰeh₁-","meaning":"to warm, heat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"tub","meaning":"open vessel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tubbe","meaning":"open vessel","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English compound"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bath","tub","tubby","bathing","bathroom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"b9754561-55f8-41da-b15f-c0ce133a1c45","word":"batman","definition":"A fictional superhero; historically, a soldier assigned as a servant to an officer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bat + man","root_meaning":"flying mammal + human male","root_language":"English","root_era":"1930s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Batman","meaning":"superhero","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"bat","meaning":"flying mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bakke","meaning":"bat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"modern","word":"man","meaning":"human male","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["bat","man","superhero","vigilante","sidekick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"superhero","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crimefighter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"17c1a03d-2052-480e-a889-8a4273854b01","word":"baton","definition":"A short stick or rod, especially one used to conduct or pass in a relay.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bastón","language_family":"french","root":"baston","root_meaning":"stick, cudgel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"baton","meaning":"a short stick or rod","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bâton","meaning":"stick, staff","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"baston","meaning":"stick, cudgel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bastum","meaning":"staff, stick","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["batons","batonist","baton-twirling","batoned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rod","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"edf1bc26-e980-44f3-b80f-c42812547787","word":"battalion","definition":"A large body of troops organized for a specific campaign and consisting of two or more companies or batteries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"batallón","language_family":"french","root":"battaglia","root_meaning":"battle, fight","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bhat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"battalion","meaning":"a large body of troops","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bataillon","meaning":"battalion","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"battaglione","meaning":"a body of battle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"battaglia","meaning":"battle","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["battle","combat","battering","battler","battledore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regiment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"troop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contingent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"8fd38e31-c3a2-49cd-a2df-9a7590c6fab3","word":"batter","definition":"To strike repeatedly with hard blows.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"batir","language_family":"french","root":"battre","root_meaning":"to beat, strike","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1000s","proto_root":"battuere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"batter","meaning":"to strike repeatedly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"batre","meaning":"to beat","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"battre","meaning":"to beat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"battuere","meaning":"to beat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["battle","debate","abate","combat","battery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thrash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"abed6ef3-597c-41d3-b96d-3b11a148594c","word":"batteries","definition":"Plural of battery; devices that store and produce electrical energy, or a group of cannons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"baterías","language_family":"french","root":"batterie","root_meaning":"beating, from battre to beat","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bhat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"batteries","meaning":"electrical storage devices or cannon groups","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"battery","meaning":"group of cannons or beating","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"batterie","meaning":"beating, from battre","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"battre","meaning":"to beat, to strike","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["battery","batter","batting","batterie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cells","formality":"technical"},{"word":"power sources","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accumulators","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"75b2d1bb-033a-4e91-ba84-29eb7c0dcb63","word":"battery","definition":"A device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"batería","language_family":"french","root":"batterie","root_meaning":"a group of cannon or the act of battering","root_language":"French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"battery","meaning":"electrical storage device","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"batterie","meaning":"artillery group, battering","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"battre","meaning":"to beat, strike","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"battere","meaning":"to strike, beat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["batter","battery-powered","batteries","battering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cell","formality":"technical"},{"word":"power source","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"178a5f53-8f42-4f06-8d94-1d67ec1e67ba","word":"battle","definition":"A sustained fight between organized armed forces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"batalla","language_family":"french","root":"bataille","root_meaning":"battle, fighting","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"battālia","meaning":"Military exercises, fighting, from battuere (to beat).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bataille","meaning":"Battle, combat.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"battle","meaning":"A fight between armed forces.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"batalla","meaning":"Battle.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["battlefield","battling","combat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conflict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engagement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"becceb0b-6780-483e-82ee-3c04fa9652b6","word":"battleship","definition":"A heavily armored warship designed to carry large guns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"battleship","meaning":"heavily armored warship","children":[{"era":"current","word":"battle","meaning":"combat or fight","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bataille","meaning":"fight, battle","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"ship","meaning":"vessel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scip","meaning":"boat, ship","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["battle","ship","battlecruiser","warship","battleships"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capital ship","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dreadnought","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"10bd392b-79a2-4663-b5b4-7589ef6e54f8","word":"bawk","definition":"An interjection representing the clucking sound of a chicken.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bawk","meaning":"an interjection representing a chicken's cluck","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"bok","meaning":"a clucking sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bok","bok-bok","cluck","cackle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bok","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cluck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cackle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"93909f7c-4c9a-4883-9148-aefe0e178544","word":"bay","definition":"A body of water partially enclosed by land; a reddish-brown color.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bahía","language_family":"latin","root":"badius","root_meaning":"reddish-brown","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bay","meaning":"water inlet; reddish-brown color","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"baie","meaning":"bay, gulf","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"badius","meaning":"reddish-brown","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bayou","bayed","baying","bay window"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inlet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gulf","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"1e577e24-777b-45e8-b092-07b0abf80bea","word":"bazaar","definition":"A market in a Middle Eastern country consisting of rows of shops and stalls.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bazar","language_family":"other","root":"bāzār","root_meaning":"market","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"~500 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 AD","word":"bāzār","meaning":"Marketplace.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bazar","meaning":"Market.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bazaar","meaning":"Oriental market.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"bazar","meaning":"Bazaar.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Persian"},"related_words":["market"],"synonyms":[{"word":"market","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marketplace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"souk","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"35c8f387-0426-4a6e-9826-fd1beecd1cb2","word":"bbc","definition":"British Broadcasting Corporation, a major public broadcasting company in the United Kingdom.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1922","word":"BBC","meaning":"British Broadcasting Corporation","children":[{"era":"current","word":"British","meaning":"of or relating to Britain","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"Broadcasting","meaning":"transmission of radio or television signals","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"Corporation","meaning":"a business company","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["broadcaster","broadcast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"British broadcaster","formality":"formal"},{"word":"UK media","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"a2d3886b-1a69-4ad5-aa40-217b59fc0437","word":"beach","definition":"A sandy or pebbly shore beside a body of water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baeche","root_meaning":"shore, pebbles","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beach","meaning":"sandy or pebbly seashore","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"beche","meaning":"beach, pebbly shore","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"baeche","meaning":"shore, pebbles","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beached","beachhead","beachside","beachy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strand","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"168ce877-deb5-4379-9ac1-67e4b63743a7","word":"beacon","definition":"A fire or light set up in a high or prominent position as a warning, signal, or celebration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beacen","root_meaning":"sign, signal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bauknom","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beacon","meaning":"a warning light or signal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beacen","meaning":"sign, signal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bauknom","meaning":"beacon, sign","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["beckon","sign","signal","buoy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"landmark","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"4c55df14-c5e2-48cf-bfb5-de6148380283","word":"bead","definition":"A small, typically round, piece of glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing or threading.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gebed","root_meaning":"prayer (from stringing beads to count prayers)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰedʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bead","meaning":"small pierced object","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bede","meaning":"prayer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gebed","meaning":"prayer","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bidding","bid","prayer","rosary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"droplet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"globule","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pearl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pellet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"36817502-2bb7-4516-a0f5-054055eabcb5","word":"beam","definition":"A ray or shaft of light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beam","root_meaning":"tree, post, ray","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beam","meaning":"ray of light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beam","meaning":"tree, post, ray","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boom","beamer","crossbeam","sunbeam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shaft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gleam","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"696cb02f-9094-4954-b769-c04d80dd2a97","word":"bean","definition":"An edible seed, typically kidney-shaped, growing in long pods on certain leguminous plants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bēan","root_meaning":"bean","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhabhā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bean","meaning":"edible legume seed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bēan","meaning":"bean","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhabhā","meaning":"bean","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beanpole","beany","beanbag"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legume","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pulse","formality":"technical"},{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"85fc82ed-4c1a-4fce-8eb2-83d37fc09068","word":"bear","definition":"A large heavy mammal; to carry or support; to endure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oso","language_family":"germanic","root":"bera","root_meaning":"the brown one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"bear","meaning":"The large mammal; to carry.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"bera","meaning":"Bear (the animal).","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*bher-","meaning":"Brown (a taboo replacement for the true word).","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["bearable","forbear","overbearing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"carry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"9240a721-e8cf-4df7-b196-22a38322a6b1","word":"beard","definition":"a growth of hair on the chin and lower cheeks of an adult man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"barba","language_family":"germanic","root":"beard","root_meaning":"beard","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰardʰā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beard","meaning":"facial hair","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beard","meaning":"beard","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bardaz","meaning":"beard","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*bʰardʰā-","meaning":"beard","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barber","barb","barbel","bearded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whiskers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stubble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facial hair","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"d63056f4-bb97-4c61-abe1-234e42c60b34","word":"bearer","definition":"A bearer is a person or thing that carries, holds, or conveys something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bher-","root_meaning":"to carry, bear","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":null,"proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bearer","meaning":"a person or thing that carries, holds, or conveys something","children":[{"era":"c. 1100s–1400s","word":"Middle English berer","meaning":"bearer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English berere","meaning":"bearer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *beraną","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"Proto-Indo-European *bher-","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bear","bearing","bearable","unbearable","forbear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"porter","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"612527c9-8a2b-46cc-8fff-a80d6b66e531","word":"beast","definition":"An animal, especially a large or dangerous quadruped.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bestia","language_family":"latin","root":"bestia","root_meaning":"beast, animal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beast","meaning":"An animal","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"beste","meaning":"beast","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bestia","meaning":"beast, animal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bestial","bestiary","brutal","fauna"],"synonyms":[{"word":"animal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brute","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"7d1ecd09-9005-423c-9383-26c3011abc06","word":"beat","definition":"To strike repeatedly, to defeat, or a rhythmic pulse in music.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beat","root_meaning":"to strike, to hit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beat","meaning":"to strike or defeat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"beaten","meaning":"struck, defeated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beat","meaning":"to strike, to hit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beaten","beater","beating","beatnik"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strike","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defeat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thrash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"54086923-56f8-4750-b33d-c4b655d9e4ee","word":"beau","definition":"A boyfriend or male admirer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bello","language_family":"french","root":"bel","root_meaning":"beautiful, handsome","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dwenos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beau","meaning":"A boyfriend or male admirer.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"beau","meaning":"beautiful, handsome","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bel","meaning":"beautiful, handsome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bellus","meaning":"beautiful, handsome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["belle","beautiful","embellish","belles-lettres"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admirer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"5ba827d3-603d-4c60-a594-5b1a83e2a5fd","word":"beautiful","definition":"Pleasing to the senses or mind aesthetically.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"bello","language_family":"french","root":"beau","root_meaning":"handsome, fair","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*dw-en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"100s BCE","word":"bellus","meaning":"Pretty, handsome.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"beau / bel","meaning":"Beautiful, fair.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"beautee","meaning":"Beauty.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"beautiful","meaning":"Pleasing to perceive.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"bello","meaning":"Beautiful, lovely.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["beauty","beautify","belle","embellish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gorgeous","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lovely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stunning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"15011646-5f80-41f6-82c5-29cc362f3dce","word":"beauty","definition":"A combination of qualities that pleases the senses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"belleza","language_family":"french","root":"beauté","root_meaning":"beauty, seductiveness","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"bellitātem","meaning":"Beauty, from bellus (fine, beautiful).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"beauté","meaning":"Beauty, charm, seductiveness.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"beauty","meaning":"Pleasing quality, loveliness.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"belleza","meaning":"Beauty.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["beautiful","beautify","beauteous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elegance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loveliness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"56d94d88-f191-4428-a157-0f629389cf24","word":"beaver","definition":"A large, semiaquatic rodent native to North America and Eurasia, known for building dams.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beofor","root_meaning":"beaver","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰebʰrus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beaver","meaning":"A large, semiaquatic rodent.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beofor","meaning":"beaver","children":[{"era":"3000-2500 BCE","word":"*bʰebʰrus","meaning":"brown animal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beaver hat","beaver board","beaver pelt","beaver dam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rodent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"animal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"83844a69-39d7-42c4-929d-d72b9a90136a","word":"became","definition":"Past tense of become; transitioned into a new state or condition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"be + come","root_meaning":"to be + to come","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"became","meaning":"transitioned into a state","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"become","meaning":"to come to be, to suit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"becuman","meaning":"to arrive, happen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be- + cuman","meaning":"prefix + to come","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["become","becoming","becomes","unbecoming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"turned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transformed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.972Z"}
{"id":"a94b75e1-cd40-4136-b605-3b561ce34b00","word":"because","definition":"For the reason that; on account of.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"par cause","root_meaning":"by cause, for the reason","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"because","meaning":"for the reason that","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"because","meaning":"for the reason that","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"par cause","meaning":"by cause, for the reason","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cause","because of"],"synonyms":[{"word":"since","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"as","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"for","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"3b811718-6395-49cf-a773-db011527f001","word":"beck","definition":"A small stream or brook.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"bekkr","root_meaning":"stream","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰog-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Beck","meaning":"small stream","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bekkr","meaning":"stream","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brook","stream","river","creek","runnel","watercourse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"streamlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rill","formality":"literary"},{"word":"creek","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"524128a3-3b89-463b-951a-24b1dd65f6f5","word":"become","definition":"To begin to be; to grow or come to be; or to be suitable or flattering to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"becuman","root_meaning":"to come, arrive, befall","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"become","meaning":"to begin to be, to start","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"become","meaning":"to come, arrive, befall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cum","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["becoming","became","comeback","come"],"synonyms":[{"word":"turn into","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"82356daa-52e5-44cb-8178-a503e6ff2cc1","word":"becomes","definition":"To grow, change, or develop into; to suit or be appropriate for.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English becuman","root_meaning":"to come, arrive, happen","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"becomes","meaning":"to grow or change into","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"become","meaning":"to come to be, to suit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"becuman","meaning":"to come, arrive, happen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be- + cuman","meaning":"prefix + to come","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["become","becoming","became","befits"],"synonyms":[{"word":"turns into","formality":"informal"},{"word":"transforms into","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fits","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"9d0727db-958a-4310-a694-17ad8d1ab1df","word":"bed","definition":"A piece of furniture for sleeping, or a plot of ground where plants grow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beddian","root_meaning":"to make a bed, to prepare for rest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhettaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bed","meaning":"sleeping furniture or plot of ground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bed","meaning":"resting place, couch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bhettaz","meaning":"dug, excavated place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bedding","bedroom","embed","bedridden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"26d97cd0-9d10-472a-b25d-244b445cbbde","word":"bedroom","definition":"A room in a house used primarily for sleeping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bed","root_meaning":"sleeping place or ground","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhedh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bedroom","meaning":"room for sleeping","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"bed-room","meaning":"room with a bed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bed","meaning":"sleeping place","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bed","bedtime","bedside","bedroom suite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sleeping room","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chamber","formality":"literary"},{"word":"boudoir","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"8824e743-1ae3-4f56-81eb-5924007652ea","word":"bedside","definition":"The area or furniture directly beside a bed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bedside","meaning":"the area or furniture directly beside a bed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bed","meaning":"bed","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"side","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bed","side","bedtime","bedspread","bedside table"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nightstand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"night table","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bedside table","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"ed026d68-80e4-490c-9382-c2c302588714","word":"bedtime","definition":"The usual time when one goes to bed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bed + time","root_meaning":"time for bed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bedtime","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bed","meaning":"sleeping place","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*badjam","meaning":"bed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"time","meaning":"time","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*tīmōn","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bedroom","naptime","dinnertime","daytime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sleep-time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lights out","formality":"informal"},{"word":"rest time","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"e686b421-c30e-436b-a788-c3e138595eca","word":"bee","definition":"A flying insect of a large group that lives in colonies and makes honey.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bēo","root_meaning":"bee","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bee","meaning":"A flying insect of a large group that lives in colonies and makes honey.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bēo","meaning":"bee","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*bīan","meaning":"bee","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beehive","beekeeper","bumblebee","drone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honeybee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"worker bee","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"c8357405-bfed-4a86-898a-23985727a17b","word":"beef","definition":"The flesh of a cow, bull, or ox used as food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"buey","language_family":"french","root":"buef","root_meaning":"ox, cow","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*gʷow-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beef","meaning":"flesh of cattle as food","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"buef","meaning":"ox, cow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bōs","meaning":"ox, cow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gʷow-","meaning":"ox, cow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bovine","cow","butcher","beefy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flesh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"48531ecf-2f20-4614-9fc1-2b396b25359c","word":"been","definition":"Past participle of the verb 'be'; to have existed or occurred.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bēon","root_meaning":"to be, to exist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"been","meaning":"past participle of be","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bēon","meaning":"to be, to exist","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*bʰeu-","meaning":"to be, to grow, to become","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["be","being","was","were","am"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occurred","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"a81d207e-c916-445b-a504-3110ff9e816f","word":"beep","definition":"A short, high-pitched sound, typically made by a horn or electronic device.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beep","meaning":"a short, high-pitched sound","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"beep","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boop","buzz","bleep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bleep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"4e796555-8f0b-465c-a8eb-b1483c3cb8c8","word":"beer","definition":"An alcoholic drink made from yeast-fermented malt, flavored with hops.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*beuzam","root_meaning":"beer","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰews-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beer","meaning":"alcoholic drink","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beor","meaning":"beer, ale","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*beuzam","meaning":"beer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brew","barley","ale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stout","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"f0a11108-0d6a-4187-8ba6-b3e5ad17ae95","word":"before","definition":"In front of something or prior to an event.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beforan","root_meaning":"before, in front","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*be- + *foran","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"before","meaning":"in front of or prior to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beforan","meaning":"before, in front","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beforehand","before-mentioned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prior to","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ahead of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"previously","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"fe00cc78-550f-4f97-94bb-52f62bfbecf5","word":"beforehand","definition":"Previously or in advance.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"biforhand","root_meaning":"before hand; in advance","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beforehand","meaning":"Previously or in advance.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English biforhand","meaning":"before hand; in advance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"before","meaning":"earlier than; in front of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["before","forehand","before-hand","beforehanded","beforehandness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"in advance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"previously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earlier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ahead of time","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"66da363a-9254-41ff-aa34-fffc0b21002e","word":"began","definition":"Past tense of begin; started or commenced.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beginnan","root_meaning":"to begin, commence","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*beg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"began","meaning":"past tense of begin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"began","meaning":"started, commenced","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beginnan","meaning":"to begin, commence","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"be-","meaning":"to be, make","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["begin","beginning","beginner","begins"],"synonyms":[{"word":"started","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commenced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"initiated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.367Z"}
{"id":"c21e90fd-666a-4e0b-bb39-56dc73dd0e77","word":"beggar","definition":"A person who lives by asking for money or food, typically a homeless person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"begart","root_meaning":"beggar","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beggar","meaning":"a person who begs","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"beggare","meaning":"beggar","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"begart","meaning":"beggar","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beg","begging","mendicant","pauper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mendicant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"panhandler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vagabond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"5beed5a5-c2bb-418c-a50b-511cdf9ec142","word":"begin","definition":"To start; to come into existence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comenzar","language_family":"germanic","root":"beginnan","root_meaning":"to begin, to open","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bi-ginnan","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"begin","meaning":"To start.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"beginnan","meaning":"To begin, to open up.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["beginning","begun","beginner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"start","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"initiate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"05978e89-ed42-4156-baf6-2b02abd4348e","word":"beginner","definition":"A person starting to learn a skill or art.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beginnan","root_meaning":"to start","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ginnan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beginner","meaning":"A person starting to learn a skill or art.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"begin","meaning":"one who begins","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"14th century","word":"-er","meaning":"one who begins","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["begin","beginning","begun","beginner's luck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"novice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprentice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neophyte","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"14f4022a-d030-4bf5-8cfb-45931fecc2ec","word":"beginning","definition":"The point in time or space at which something starts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English beginnan","root_meaning":"to begin, start","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gin-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beginning","meaning":"the start or commencement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"begin","meaning":"to start, commence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beginnan","meaning":"to begin, start","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["begin","beginner","begins","began","begun"],"synonyms":[{"word":"start","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commencement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"onset","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inception","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"53540a2a-d46c-4223-bdf8-3a79542bc4e6","word":"behalf","definition":"In the interest or as a representative of someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bi halfe","root_meaning":"by the side of, on the side of","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"13th c.","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"behalf","meaning":"In the interest or as a representative of someone or something.","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"behalf","meaning":"by the side of","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"bi halfe","meaning":"by the side of","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["half","halve","one-half"],"synonyms":[{"word":"favor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stead","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"14d2c59e-d30a-43ce-977e-56ced7641c83","word":"behave","definition":"Act or conduct oneself in a particular way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"habban","root_meaning":"to have, to hold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"behave","meaning":"Act or conduct oneself in a particular way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-habban","meaning":"to keep, to contain, to behave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"habban","meaning":"to have, to hold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*habjaną","meaning":"to have, to hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["behavior","having","haft","heft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"act","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conduct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comport","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"f4035665-b3ad-4f0e-af56-04d68c85f74c","word":"behavior","definition":"The way in which one acts or conducts oneself; manner of conduct.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comportamiento","language_family":"french","root":"havir","root_meaning":"to have, to hold","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"behavior","meaning":"manner of conduct","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"behavior","meaning":"manner of bearing oneself","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"behave","meaning":"to bear oneself","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"be- + have","meaning":"around + to have","children":[],"language":"Old English/Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["behave","behavioral","behavioural","misbehavior"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conduct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demeanor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"action","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deportment","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"ded3690f-60a5-4ee4-b1b0-7add14ee50e9","word":"behaviour","definition":"The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"behave","root_meaning":"to contain, to have","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*habh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"behaviour","meaning":"The way in which one acts or conducts oneself","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"behave","meaning":"to contain, conduct oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-","meaning":"by, about","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"habban","meaning":"to have, hold","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*habh-","meaning":"to grasp, take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["have","habit","able","prohibit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conduct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demeanor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"actions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"80daa3ac-411d-4c50-8eb7-b434a4ef855b","word":"behind","definition":"At or toward the rear of something; in or toward the back.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"be- + hind","root_meaning":"by + hind (rear)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hind-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"behind","meaning":"at or toward the rear","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"behinde","meaning":"at the back of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be- + hind","meaning":"by the rear","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hind","hindmost","hinder","hindsight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aft","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"e76bf5dd-040b-4a9b-bc6a-e5bd55367eba","word":"behold","definition":"To gaze at; to observe.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"behealdan","root_meaning":"to hold, possess, keep, guard, observe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haldanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"behold","meaning":"to gaze","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"behealdan","meaning":"to hold, guard, observe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bi- + *haldanan","meaning":"by + to hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beholder","held","hold","upholding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gaze","formality":"literary"},{"word":"observe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"see","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"ad8b569d-b047-4f83-97f3-a457dca2486a","word":"being","definition":"Existence or a living creature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ser","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English beon","root_meaning":"to be, exist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"being","meaning":"existence or creature","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"being","meaning":"existence, a creature","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beon","meaning":"to be, exist","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"bheu-","meaning":"to become, grow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["be","been","beings","well-being","human being"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"creature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.891Z"}
{"id":"d8a1fa86-4b3b-4a1e-aa08-ff60617c4c63","word":"belgian","definition":"Of or relating to Belgium or its people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"belga","language_family":"latin","root":"Belgae","root_meaning":"the Belgae, an ancient Celtic people of northern Gaul","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"belgian","meaning":"of or relating to Belgium or its people","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Belgium","meaning":"the country name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Belgica","meaning":"Gaul Belgica; the land of the Belgae","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Belgae","meaning":"an ancient Celtic people","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Belgium","Belgians","Belgic","Belgianism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Belgic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Belgium-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Belgian-made","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"2a5c31cd-0bba-4bf2-b3fe-493f761c5464","word":"belief","definition":"An acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geliefan","root_meaning":"to believe, hold dear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lewbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"belief","meaning":"An acceptance of truth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bileave","meaning":"belief","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geliefan","meaning":"to believe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*galaubjanan","meaning":"to hold dear, esteem","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["believe","believer","lovable","love","believing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faith","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conviction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"b3a00daf-5f5b-4eb3-a48e-a5a141bccf60","word":"believable","definition":"Capable of being believed; credible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bilaubijan","root_meaning":"to believe","root_language":"Proto-West Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"believable","meaning":"capable of being believed; credible","children":[{"era":"current","word":"believe","meaning":"to accept as true","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"beleven / bileven","meaning":"to believe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"belīefan","meaning":"to believe, trust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bilaubijan","meaning":"to believe","children":[],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of being","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["believe","belief","believer","believably","unbelievable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"credible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plausible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"convincing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"2e625676-da67-40c5-b2fe-faff03b7fb5d","word":"believe","definition":"To accept something as true; to have faith in.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"creer","language_family":"germanic","root":"belīefan","root_meaning":"to believe, to hold dear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"believe","meaning":"To hold as true.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"belīefan","meaning":"To believe.","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"gelēfan","meaning":"To believe, to trust.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*leubh-","meaning":"To love, to desire.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["belief","unbelievable","disbelief","beloved"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accept","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hold","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"ccb0232b-9b7a-43ac-b7b6-2d0550141e18","word":"believer","definition":"A believer is a person who accepts something as true or has religious faith.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gelyfan","root_meaning":"to trust, believe, or have faith","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"believer","meaning":"a person who believes","children":[{"era":"current","word":"believe","meaning":"to accept as true or have faith in","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gelyfan","meaning":"to trust or believe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ga-laubjaną","meaning":"to trust or believe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix meaning 'one who does'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["believe","belief","believing","believable","unbeliever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adherent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"follower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"b9a3e5c5-957a-4f40-83b5-4bd368c6843c","word":"bell","definition":"A hollow metal object that produces a ringing sound when struck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"belle","root_meaning":"to swell, to roar","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhelH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bell","meaning":"a hollow metal object that produces a ringing sound when struck","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"belle","meaning":"to swell, roar","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*bhelH-","meaning":"to swell, to roar","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bellow","bell-ringer","belle","bellows"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knell","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"b7e214ce-db1e-4153-84f3-6d97542e3837","word":"belly","definition":"The front part of the human body below the chest, containing the stomach and bowels; abdomen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"belg","root_meaning":"bag, bellows, belly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰelǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"belly","meaning":"The abdomen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"belg","meaning":"bag, purse, skin bellows, belly","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*balgiz","meaning":"bag, bellows","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*bʰelǵʰ-","meaning":"to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bellows","bulge","bag","budget","bolster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abdomen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stomach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tummy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gut","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"1e48b08a-6e27-4af1-82ff-9bc32dfe5278","word":"belong","definition":"To be the property of a person or thing, or to be a member of a group or category.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bilongian","root_meaning":"to pertain to, concern","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"belong","meaning":"To be the property of a person or thing.","children":[{"era":"12th-15th century","word":"bilongen","meaning":"to pertain to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bilongian","meaning":"to pertain to, concern","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-","meaning":"intensive prefix","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"longian","meaning":"to go along with","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["long (verb)","alongside","belongings","belonging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appertain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pertain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"be part of","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"a042f579-9380-4a87-b564-1123da9261da","word":"beloved","definition":"Dearly loved.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"leof","root_meaning":"dear, pleasing, valued","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beloved","meaning":"dearly loved","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-","meaning":"to make, to cause to be","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"loved","meaning":"past participle of love","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"love","meaning":"lufu","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leubh-","meaning":"to love, to care","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["love","lief","lovely","belove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cherished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adored","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"faddcf12-7485-4932-8aec-4c4133968765","word":"below","definition":"At a lower level or position than something else.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"be-","root_meaning":"by, at","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"below","meaning":"at a lower level","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bilogan","meaning":"by law, beneath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-","meaning":"by, at, near","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["below","beneath","under","low"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beneath","formality":"formal"},{"word":"under","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underneath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"e2e5919a-0993-42e8-963e-2ecf311983dd","word":"ben","definition":"A Scottish/Irish term for a mountain peak or the inner room of a two-room cottage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"beinn","root_meaning":"peak, mountain","root_language":"Scottish Gaelic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ben","meaning":"mountain peak; inner room","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beinn","meaning":"peak, mountain horn","children":[{"era":"600s–900s","word":"benn","meaning":"peak, point","children":[],"language":"Old Irish"}],"language":"Scottish Gaelic"}],"language":"Modern English (Scottish/Irish)"},"related_words":["Ben Nevis","ben-end","bothy","beinn","binn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"summit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pinnacle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"9d152236-5475-4ba8-ade5-2ece8fbe045b","word":"bench","definition":"A long seat for several people, typically made of wood or metal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"banco","language_family":"germanic","root":"benc","root_meaning":"bench, bank, long seat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bankiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bench","meaning":"A long seat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"benc","meaning":"bench, bank","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bankiz","meaning":"bench","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bank","banquet","bunker","banker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settle","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"pew","formality":"technical"},{"word":"form","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"dc1c19e0-425a-4906-86da-2ea074697483","word":"benchmark","definition":"A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mark","root_meaning":"boundary, sign","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*merk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"benchmark","meaning":"A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"bench","meaning":"a mark made on a bench or wall for a surveyor's level","children":[],"language":"English compounds"},{"era":"19th century","word":"mark","meaning":"a mark made on a bench or wall for a surveyor's level","children":[],"language":"English compounds"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["landmark","mark","workbench","marking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"criterion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reference","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"dca540b5-d2b0-4f50-908f-904edc86a917","word":"bend","definition":"To shape or force (something straight) into a curve or angle.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bendan","root_meaning":"to bend, curve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bandjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bend","meaning":"to shape or force (something straight) into a curve or angle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bendan","meaning":"to bend, to stretch a bow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bent","binder","band","bound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flex","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"b811a32e-bc46-4db0-8084-8bb9753c279c","word":"bender","definition":"A prolonged period of excessive drinking or drug taking, or a device used for bending.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bendan","root_meaning":"to bend, to stretch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bender","meaning":"A prolonged period of excessive drinking or drug taking.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bend","meaning":"to curve or cause to curve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bendan","meaning":"to bend, to stretch","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bandjan","meaning":"to bend","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhendh-","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bent","band","bind","bond","bound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"binge","formality":"informal"},{"word":"spree","formality":"informal"},{"word":"jag","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"f50f9479-81ca-40b9-a953-462580b2a347","word":"beneath","definition":"In or to a lower position than; below.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beneoðan","root_meaning":"under, below","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*niðar","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beneath","meaning":"In or to a lower position than; below.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beneoðan","meaning":"under, below","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-","meaning":"by, about","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"neoðan","meaning":"below, down","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nether","under","below","underneath","nadir"],"synonyms":[{"word":"under","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"below","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underneath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"'neath","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"0e9e52b9-a491-4e4b-b1fc-d05b9976d0c5","word":"benefactor","definition":"A person who gives help, money, or other support to someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"benefactor","language_family":"latin","root":"benefaciō","root_meaning":"to do good","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"benefactor","meaning":"a person who does good or gives support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"benefactor","meaning":"one who bestows a favor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"benefaciō","meaning":"to do good","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bene","meaning":"well","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"faciō","meaning":"to do, make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["benefaction","beneficial","benefice","benefit","beneficence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"patron","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"donor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"philanthropist","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"a379ff93-6c1c-49f5-9243-1b52501a1393","word":"beneficial","definition":"Favorable or advantageous; resulting in good.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"beneficial","language_family":"latin","root":"beneficium","root_meaning":"kindness, favor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beneficial","meaning":"favorable, advantageous","children":[{"era":"post-300","word":"beneficialis","meaning":"of kindness, service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"beneficium","meaning":"kindness, favor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bene","meaning":"well","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to do, make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["benefit","beneficiary","benign","bonafide","benefactor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advantageous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"helpful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profitable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"e298e140-9b00-46d6-bbe2-db30b670f524","word":"benefit","definition":"An advantage or profit gained from something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"beneficio","language_family":"latin","root":"beneficium","root_meaning":"good deed, favor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"300s BCE","word":"bene","meaning":"Well, good.","children":[{"era":"100s BCE","word":"beneficium","meaning":"Good deed, kindness.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"benefet","meaning":"Good deed.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"benefit","meaning":"Advantage, good result.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"beneficio","meaning":"Benefit, good deed.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["beneficial","beneficiary","benefactor","benevolent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advantage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"f4bf2389-220f-4cef-81b0-355b454360bf","word":"benefits","definition":"Advantages or profits gained from something; also plural form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"beneficios","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin beneficium","root_meaning":"kindness, good deed, favor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"benefits","meaning":"advantages gained","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"benefit","meaning":"favor, advantage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"beneficium","meaning":"kindness, good deed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bene","meaning":"well","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["benefit","beneficial","beneficiary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advantages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perks","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gains","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"b51114d6-4ecc-4dba-a5d4-5dbcbcdd3f6b","word":"benito","definition":"Benito is a masculine given name from Latin Benedictus, meaning \"blessed.\"","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Benito","language_family":"latin","root":"Benedictus","root_meaning":"blessed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Benito","meaning":"a masculine given name","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Benito","meaning":"a masculine given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Benedictus","meaning":"blessed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Benedict","Benedictine","Benedetto","Benedita","Benny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Benedict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Ben","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Benny","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"fd227374-b091-4736-8a60-02d6e010d331","word":"benjamin","definition":"The youngest or favorite child in a family, derived from the biblical figure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"benjamín","language_family":"other","root":"Binyamin","root_meaning":"son of the right hand","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"benjamin","meaning":"youngest child","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Benjamin","meaning":"the youngest son (from the biblical figure)","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Binyamin","meaning":"son of the right hand","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"ben","meaning":"son of","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"},{"era":"ancient","word":"yamin","meaning":"right hand","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"English (figurative)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Ben","Benny","Benjy","Binyamin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"favorite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"darling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youngest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"4f0358cc-38f6-4732-8d33-15c0b0e9d249","word":"bennet","definition":"A name for the plant wood avens, and historically for several other herbs, especially those once called herb bennet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"benedicta","root_meaning":"blessed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bennet","meaning":"a plant name, especially wood avens","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"benet","meaning":"a plant name","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"benëit / benoit","meaning":"blessed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"benedicta","meaning":"blessed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["benedict","benediction","Bennett","benedictine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wood avens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"herb bennet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"avens","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"3367413c-86af-40df-9f7c-9e7aff7b555b","word":"benny","definition":"A slang term for a tablet of amphetamine, particularly Benzedrine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Benzedrine","root_meaning":"brand name of amphetamine","root_language":"English","root_era":"1930s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"benny","meaning":"amphetamine pill","children":[{"era":"1930s","word":"Benzedrine","meaning":"brand name of amphetamine","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["uppers","speed","amphetamine","pill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amphetamine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stimulant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uppers","formality":"informal"},{"word":"speed","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"d87135f2-bca9-4fa3-a73c-f821cc3e0902","word":"berg","definition":"A large mass of floating ice (short for iceberg), or a hill or mountain as used in place names of Germanic origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beorg","root_meaning":"mountain, hill","root_language":"Old English / Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhergh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"berg","meaning":"mass of floating ice; hill or mountain","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"berg","meaning":"mountain; short form of iceberg","children":[{"era":"1000s–1200s","word":"berg / bjarg","meaning":"mountain, cliff","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*bergaz","meaning":"mountain, height","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*bhergh-","meaning":"high, mountain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German / Old Norse"}],"language":"Early Modern English (via Afrikaans/Dutch)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["iceberg","inselberg","Heidelberg","Pittsburgh","fjord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"floe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glacier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ice mass","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"150e32b4-488b-4d0a-855e-ca58264efc12","word":"berry","definition":"A small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"berie","root_meaning":"berry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*basjom","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"berry","meaning":"A small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"berie","meaning":"berry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*basjom","meaning":"berry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cranberry","strawberry","blackberry","huckleberry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drupe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bacca","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"d149b92f-3f4a-4bd4-a277-a01fd7d84ae2","word":"berserk","definition":"In a frenzied, wildly uncontrolled state.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"berserkr","root_meaning":"bear-shirt; Norse warrior in a frenzy","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"berserk","meaning":"in a frenzied, wildly uncontrolled state","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"berserkr","meaning":"a Norse warrior who fought in a frenzy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bjǫrn","meaning":"bear","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"serkr","meaning":"coat; shirt","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["berserker","berserkerhood","berserkly","serkr"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frenzied","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wild","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncontrolled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"ac3a8862-2f88-4b93-990d-3a2fdf42f738","word":"beseech","definition":"To beseech is to ask urgently and earnestly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sēċan","root_meaning":"to seek; inquire about","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sōkijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beseech","meaning":"to ask urgently and earnestly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"besechen","meaning":"beseech","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sēċan","meaning":"to seek; inquire about","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sōkijaną","meaning":"to seek","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seek","seeker","seeking","beseeching"],"synonyms":[{"word":"implore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entreat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beg","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"c145b9ca-b199-4adc-a342-28fc09d8af2b","word":"beside","definition":"At the side of; next to.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bi sīde","root_meaning":"by the side","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhi","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beside","meaning":"next to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"beside","meaning":"by the side of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bi sīde","meaning":"by the side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bi","meaning":"by","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sīde","meaning":"side","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["side","besides","sideways","bygone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"next to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjacent to","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alongside","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"d839edf1-88e8-49e2-aa78-2715a6c2142b","word":"besides","definition":"In addition to; apart from; moreover.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"be- + side","root_meaning":"by the side (of)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bī-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"besides","meaning":"in addition to; apart from","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"besides","meaning":"at the side of, in addition","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be sīdan","meaning":"by the side (of)","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bī + *sīdō","meaning":"near + side, flank","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bʰeiH-","meaning":"around, near","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beside","side","alongside","beyond","by","aside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"furthermore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"moreover","formality":"formal"},{"word":"additionally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"also","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"64ddc7aa-d8ef-4653-afa9-0fc07799f101","word":"best","definition":"Of the highest quality, most excellent, or most suitable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bat","root_meaning":"to beat or excel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bat- (to beat)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"best","meaning":"of highest quality","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"best","meaning":"most excellent","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"bat","meaning":"to beat, excel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["better","beat","best","bestow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"optimal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"1e87e68a-d4c9-4f40-b8db-efd8dc360c7a","word":"bet","definition":"To risk money on the outcome of an event or competition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bet","root_meaning":"incite, urge on (uncertain, possibly from Old Norse or Old French)","root_language":"Old Norse/Old French (uncertain)","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bet","meaning":"to risk money","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"betten","meaning":"to improve, to make good","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bēt","meaning":"remedy, compensation","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wager","gamble","betting","better"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gamble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"61236262-0e7e-4dc7-b1a6-750b95890ffb","word":"beta","definition":"The second letter of the Greek alphabet, or an early version of a software product.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"beta","language_family":"greek","root":"beta","root_meaning":"second Greek letter","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beta","meaning":"Greek letter or software version","children":[{"era":"1600s-present","word":"beta","meaning":"Greek letter or early software release","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"beta","meaning":"second letter of Greek alphabet","children":[{"era":"1200s BCE","word":"Phoenician","meaning":"second letter of Phoenician alphabet (beth, beth)","children":[],"language":"Phoenician"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alpha","gamma","delta","alphabetic","betamax"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Greek letter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pre-release","formality":"technical"},{"word":"trial version","formality":"technical"},{"word":"prototype","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"e83eeef8-8f17-42f7-a2cb-cc7901a7d0a5","word":"betray","definition":"To be disloyal to someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"traicionar","language_family":"french","root":"tradere","root_meaning":"to hand over, deliver","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"betray","meaning":"To be disloyal to someone or something.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"betrair","meaning":"to betray, deceive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tradere","meaning":"to hand over, deliver","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treason","tradition","traitor","extradite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deceive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"double-cross","formality":"informal"},{"word":"treason","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"72adead8-9f61-45a4-8f45-0c16c0e54b7b","word":"betrayal","definition":"The act of exposing someone to danger by treacherously giving information to an enemy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"traición","language_family":"french","root":"traīson","root_meaning":"treason, treachery","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"betrayal","meaning":"The act of exposing someone to danger by treacherously giving information to an enemy.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"betray","meaning":"to be disloyal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"betraien","meaning":"to betray","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"traīson","meaning":"treason, treachery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"traditio","meaning":"a handing over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tradere","meaning":"to hand over, deliver, betray","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["betray","traitor","tradition","treason","render"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disloyalty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treachery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfidy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deception","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"ac5a863c-dbd6-470f-99fe-5fc73e3a2401","word":"better","definition":"More good or preferable than something else; to improve.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bet","root_meaning":"good","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"better","meaning":"more good","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bet","meaning":"good","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"bad","meaning":"good","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["best","betterment","bettering","bettered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"improved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preferable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enhanced","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"9b9b40c0-23d1-4189-bdab-db424273ec74","word":"between","definition":"In the space separating two things or in the interval separating two points.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"be-","root_meaning":"by, near","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"between","meaning":"in the space separating","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"between","meaning":"in the midst of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-","meaning":"by, near","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["betwixt","among","amid","between-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"amongst","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in-between","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"1649f1f5-a439-458d-a1fb-38559f1d899f","word":"beverage","definition":"A drink, especially one other than water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bebida","language_family":"french","root":"bibere","root_meaning":"to drink","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*po(i)-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beverage","meaning":"A drink, especially one other than water.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"beverage","meaning":"a drink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bibere","meaning":"to drink","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*po(i)-","meaning":"to drink","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imbibe","bibulous","potable","beer","potion","poison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liquid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refreshment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"potation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"ba6789b7-39d9-4fcd-b3d3-47ff167bcb70","word":"bey","definition":"A bey is a Turkish title for a local chieftain, governor, or respected man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"beg / bey","root_meaning":"chief; lord; ruler","root_language":"Old Turkic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bey","meaning":"a Turkish title for a local chieftain or governor","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"bey","meaning":"lord; chieftain; governor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beg","meaning":"chief; lord","children":[],"language":"Old Turkic"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beys","beylik","beg","beglerbeg"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chieftain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"48ff1100-8662-436a-abb2-071edafcfa17","word":"beyond","definition":"At or to the further side of something; outside the scope or limits of.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"be + yond","root_meaning":"by + over there","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"beyond","meaning":"at the further side of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"beyonde","meaning":"on the far side of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"be-","meaning":"by, near","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geond","meaning":"across, over, yonder","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beyond","yonder","yond","behond"],"synonyms":[{"word":"past","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"further than","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exceeding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"1b9267e7-a2eb-4ab1-9baf-a9760669f07d","word":"bhai","definition":"A colloquial term for a brother or close male friend, especially in South Asian usage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)","root_meaning":"brother","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhréh₂ter-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bhai","meaning":"a loanword meaning 'brother' or 'bro'","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"भाई / bhāī","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"भ्रातृ / bhrātṛ","meaning":"brother","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Hindi/Urdu"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brother","bro","bruder","frater","fratello"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bro","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mate","formality":"informal"},{"word":"buddy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"36517761-939e-474d-9af3-13fb2015b56d","word":"bianca","definition":"A female given name of Italian origin, meaning 'white'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Blanca","language_family":"latin","root":"blanc","root_meaning":"white","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Bianca","meaning":"female name","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Bianca","meaning":"white","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blanc","meaning":"white","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*blankaz","meaning":"shining, white","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhel-","meaning":"to shine, flash","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blank","blanch","Blanco","blench"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pallid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bright","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"cfcaa75f-77c9-4c2c-9d1d-da527c4e9cb7","word":"bias","definition":"Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"biais","root_meaning":"oblique, slant","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bias","meaning":"prejudice, slant","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"bias","meaning":"a slant, slope, bias","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"biais","meaning":"oblique, slant","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["biased","unbiased","biasing","bias-cut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prejudice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partiality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"favoritism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"63324ed3-4820-473a-91b3-1f08df5dfe80","word":"bible","definition":"The sacred texts of Christianity containing the Old and New Testaments; any authoritative book or source.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"biblia","language_family":"greek","root":"biblion","root_meaning":"a book or scroll","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bible","meaning":"sacred religious text or authoritative source","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Bible","meaning":"the holy scriptures of Christianity","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"biblia","meaning":"the holy books","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"biblion","meaning":"a book or scroll","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["biblical","biblically","biblist","bibiography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scripture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"holy book","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sacred text","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"62358e24-86bd-4651-a24e-2ae9efe8d0cf","word":"biblical","definition":"Of or relating to the Bible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"bíblico","language_family":"greek","root":"biblia","root_meaning":"books","root_language":"greek","root_era":"ancient greek","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"biblical","meaning":"relating to the Bible","children":[{"era":"4th century CE","word":"biblicus","meaning":"relating to books","children":[{"era":"2nd century CE","word":"biblia","meaning":"books","children":[{"era":"Ancient Greek","word":"biblia","meaning":"books","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bible","bibliography","bibliophile","bibliolatry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scriptural","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sacred","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canonical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"e3b482a3-6307-4fe9-ba9c-71082ef88ceb","word":"bibliographic","definition":"Relating to bibliography, the history, identification, or description of books.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"bibliográfico","language_family":"greek","root":"biblion, graphia","root_meaning":"book, writing","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bibliographic","meaning":"relating to bibliography","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"bibliographie","meaning":"description of books","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bibliographia","meaning":"writing about books","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bibliographos","meaning":"book writer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"biblion","meaning":"book","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"graphein","meaning":"to write","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bibliography","bibliophile","graph","graphic","photograph","biography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scholarly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"literary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reference","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"7474b99e-d53e-4845-92cc-b55543bedf08","word":"bibliography","definition":"A list of books or writings on a particular subject or by a particular author.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bibliografía","language_family":"greek","root":"bibliographia","root_meaning":"book writing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"bibliographía (βιβλιογραφία)","meaning":"Book writing. From biblion (book) + graphein (to write).","children":[{"era":"1670s","word":"bibliography","meaning":"A list of works cited or referenced.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"bibliografía","meaning":"Bibliography.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["bibliographer","bible","bibliophile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"references","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"works cited","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b5b2b448-c35f-41ac-98a4-94a2e2ae969a","word":"bicycle","definition":"A vehicle composed of two wheels held in a frame one behind the other, propelled by pedals and steered with handlebars.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bicicleta","language_family":"greek","root":"kyklos","root_meaning":"circle, wheel","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1860s","word":"bicycle","meaning":"Two-wheeled vehicle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bi-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"kyklos","meaning":"circle, wheel","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cycle","tricycle","unicycle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bike","formality":"informal"},{"word":"velocipede","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"501f4b31-b696-4750-a0e0-22a09e5f2add","word":"bid","definition":"An offer of a certain amount of money in an auction or negotiation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"biddan","root_meaning":"to command, ask, pray","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"500s","proto_root":"*bheudh- (to wake, observe)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bid","meaning":"an offer of money","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"bid","meaning":"to command, ask","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*bheudh-","meaning":"to wake, observe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bid","bidder","bidding","forbid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quote","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tender","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"f1fa0362-cc78-44c3-bf96-1cdeb0de8b0c","word":"bidder","definition":"A person who offers to pay a particular amount of money for something, especially at an auction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"biddan","root_meaning":"to ask, entreat, pray","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰidʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bidder","meaning":"one who makes an offer","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"bid","meaning":"to offer, command","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"biddan","meaning":"to ask, entreat, command","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bid","bidding","forbid","prayer","bead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offeror","formality":"technical"},{"word":"contender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purchaser","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"a38d79e3-71fc-4035-b827-514d2d7b1f05","word":"bids","definition":"Offers to buy something at a certain price, or attempts to achieve or attain something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"biddan","root_meaning":"to offer, to command, to ask","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bids","meaning":"offers or attempts","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bid","meaning":"to offer, to make an offer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"biddan","meaning":"to offer, to command, to ask","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bid","bidder","bidding","forbid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proposals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attempts","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"960461cf-40cf-4cdb-99e6-3112e54ed04d","word":"big","definition":"Of considerable size or extent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"grande","language_family":"germanic","root":"bigge","root_meaning":"strong, stout","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"big","meaning":"Of large size.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bigge","meaning":"Strong, stout, big (origin uncertain, possibly Norwegian).","language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["bigness","biggest","big-picture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"large","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enormous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"huge","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"0aecaad4-747a-4d1f-97c7-15a302162013","word":"bigfoot","definition":"A legendary North American ape-like wild man said to leave oversized footprints.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"big foot","root_meaning":"large foot","root_language":"English","root_era":"1950s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bigfoot","meaning":"a legendary North American ape-like wild man said to leave oversized footprints","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"big","meaning":"large; great","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"foot","meaning":"the lower extremity of the leg","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["big","foot","footprint","footed","Sasquatch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Sasquatch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wild man","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ape-man","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"ed23deab-5f0a-4a39-bc54-161b4fe9e0f9","word":"biggie","definition":"An informal noun for something or someone especially important, notable, or large.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"biggie","meaning":"an important or significant thing or person","children":[{"era":"middle/modern","word":"big","meaning":"large; important","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"-ie","meaning":"a diminutive or familiar suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["big","bigger","biggest","biggish","bigshot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"big shot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"heavyweight","formality":"informal"},{"word":"important person","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"5316f372-96c5-4c68-9d2c-cce15746dc8f","word":"bike","definition":"A two-wheeled vehicle, such as a bicycle or motorcycle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bici","language_family":"greek","root":"bi- + kyklos","root_meaning":"two + circle, wheel","root_language":"Latin/Greek","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*dwo- + *kʷel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bike","meaning":"A two-wheeled vehicle","children":[{"era":"1860s","word":"bicycle","meaning":"two-wheeled vehicle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bi-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"kyklos","meaning":"circle, wheel","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bicycle","tricycle","cycle","motorcycle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bicycle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cycle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motorbike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"a16ad18c-d067-46ed-8bac-f18ecf7dd422","word":"biker","definition":"A biker is a person who rides a bicycle or motorcycle, especially as a regular habit or lifestyle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bike","root_meaning":"bicycle; motorcycle","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"biker","meaning":"a person who rides a bicycle or motorcycle","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"bike","meaning":"a bicycle or motorcycle","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bicycle","meaning":"a two-wheeled vehicle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bi-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"kyklos","meaning":"wheel, circle","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English/French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bike","biked","biking","bikers","bicyclist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motorcyclist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cyclist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rider","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"611f6a0f-a2c5-4635-b56a-85ecd3c7e943","word":"bikini","definition":"A two-piece swimsuit for women; a small atoll in the Marshall Islands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Pikinni","root_meaning":"coconut place","root_language":"Marshallese","root_era":"pre-1946","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bikini","meaning":"two-piece swimsuit","children":[{"era":"1946","word":"bikini","meaning":"named after Bikini Atoll","children":[{"era":"pre-1946","word":"Pikinni","meaning":"coconut place","children":[],"language":"Marshallese"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bikini Atoll","Marshall Islands","swimwear","atoll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swimsuit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"two-piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bathing suit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"9a8f5f18-9867-4395-82cc-a4c13f3934ac","word":"bill","definition":"A statement of charges for goods or services; a proposed law under consideration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"billete","language_family":"latin","root":"billa","root_meaning":"document or seal","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bill","meaning":"statement of charges or proposed law","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bill","meaning":"written document or scroll","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"billa","meaning":"document or seal","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["billet","billing","billboard","billposter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"invoice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"statement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legislation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"check","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"ab8998d7-bef7-4503-b3d8-5d2a218cff03","word":"billion","definition":"The number equal to one thousand million; 1,000,000,000.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"billón","language_family":"french","root":"bi-","root_meaning":"two","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"billion","meaning":"1,000,000,000","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"billion","meaning":"one thousand million","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bi-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1600s","word":"million","meaning":"thousand thousand","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["million","trillion","billiard","bi-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thousand million","formality":"formal"},{"word":"milliard","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"98594f3a-5937-42a3-8b2d-683176fd0705","word":"billionaire","definition":"A person whose wealth is at least one billion currency units.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"billion","root_meaning":"one thousand million","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"billionaire","meaning":"person with wealth of at least one billion currency units","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"billion","meaning":"one thousand million","children":[],"language":"French"},{"era":"Middle French","word":"-aire","meaning":"agentive noun suffix","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["billion","billionaire","billionaires","billionairedom","multibillionaire","centibillionaire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tycoon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plutocrat","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"ff2026c7-9c8d-4887-9005-254ae263d7ee","word":"billy","definition":"An informal proper name derived from William, also used as a common noun for a male goat or a short club carried by police.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*Willahelm","root_meaning":"will-helmet; resolute protection (wil = will/desire + helm = helmet/protection)","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*welH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s–current","word":"billy","meaning":"pet form of William; male goat; police club","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Bill / Willy","meaning":"pet forms of William","children":[{"era":"1066–1100","word":"William","meaning":"proper name introduced by Normans","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Willahelm / Wilhelm","meaning":"resolute protector","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*welH-","meaning":"to will, to wish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old French Guillaume → Norman English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["William","Will","Bill","Wilhelm","Liam","billygoat","billy club"],"synonyms":[{"word":"club","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"truncheon","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cudgel","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"baton","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"0f67825a-5262-4a38-9492-d23978f46bc6","word":"bin","definition":"A container, typically cylindrical or cubic, used for storage or waste disposal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bin","root_meaning":"a receptacle, manger","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*binna (Proto-Germanic)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bin","meaning":"storage or waste container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bin","meaning":"manger, crib, receptacle","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"binna","meaning":"receptacle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bins","binning","trash bin","recycling bin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receptacle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"basket","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"a979feed-6e1c-413b-a2d6-554af64ab048","word":"binary","definition":"Composed of or involving two things; in mathematics or computing, a system that uses only two states, typically 0 and 1.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"binario","language_family":"latin","root":"binarius","root_meaning":"consisting of two","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"binary","meaning":"Composed of or involving two things...","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"binarius","meaning":"consisting of two","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bini","meaning":"two by two","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["combine","biped","bicycle","bisect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twofold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coupled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"3d037601-b23d-41ce-bc99-de1c1afba60e","word":"bind","definition":"To tie or fasten (something) tightly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bindan","root_meaning":"to tie, to fasten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bind","meaning":"To tie or fasten tightly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bindan","meaning":"to tie, to fasten","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bindaną","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bond","band","bandage","bound","bundle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"1acd2ac6-8b18-466a-b6b9-aa74e236712a","word":"binding","definition":"Requiring mandatory compliance or agreement; also the cover or fastening of a book.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bind","root_meaning":"to tie, fasten, or constrain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"binding","meaning":"legally or morally obligatory; or a fastening cover","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"binding","meaning":"tying or fastening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bind","meaning":"to tie, fasten, or secure","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"bendh-","meaning":"to bend or tie","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bind","bound","binder","bondage","bond"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obligatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mandatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constraining","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"0375d149-b0a2-487a-bc04-a87d99a60b15","word":"bingo","definition":"An interjection shouted by the winner of the game Bingo, or the game itself.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"imitative sound","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bingo","meaning":"Exclamatory sound","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"bingo","meaning":"Imitative of a bell or signal sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lottery","game","winning","luck","chance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurray","formality":"informal"},{"word":"got it","formality":"informal"},{"word":"exactly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"b99327bb-c09d-4632-841d-52f7f0541803","word":"binoculars","definition":"A handheld optical device with two aligned telescopes for viewing distant objects with both eyes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"binoculares","language_family":"latin","root":"binocularis","root_meaning":"two-eyed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"binoculars","meaning":"a pair of twin telescopes for both eyes","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"binocular glass","meaning":"a binocular viewing device","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"binocular","meaning":"two-eyed; using both eyes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"binocularis","meaning":"two-eyed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bi- + oculus","meaning":"two + eye","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["binocular","binocle","binocularly","binocularity","trinoculars"],"synonyms":[{"word":"field glasses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opera glasses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"binocs","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"e0c37373-5856-4857-985e-ee5898ee4e60","word":"bio","definition":"A short biographical sketch or a prefix meaning 'life'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bio-","language_family":"greek","root":"bios","root_meaning":"life","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*gʷih₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bio","meaning":"short biography; life (as prefix)","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bio-","meaning":"life","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"βίος (bios)","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English (prefix)"},{"era":"current","word":"biography","meaning":"story of a life","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["biology","biography","biotic","antibiotic","symbiosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biography","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"résumé","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"94785260-1e12-4967-96f5-15902fc564d5","word":"biodiversity","definition":"The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"biodiversidad","language_family":"latin","root":"bios (Greek) + diversitas (Latin)","root_meaning":"life + variety","root_language":"Greek/Latin","root_era":"Modern (1980s)","proto_root":"*gweiə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"biodiversity","meaning":"variety of life","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"bio-","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"14th Century","word":"diversity","meaning":"variety","children":[],"language":"Latin/French/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["biology","ecology","ecosystem","biomass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biological variety","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ecological diversity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"life variety","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"6ad97cde-770d-4ece-854d-f7b9ab761890","word":"biography","definition":"An account of someone's life written by another person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"biografía","language_family":"greek","root":"biographia","root_meaning":"life writing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"biographía (βιογραφία)","meaning":"Life writing. From bios (life) + graphein (to write).","children":[{"era":"1680s","word":"biography","meaning":"A written account of a person's life.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"biografía","meaning":"Biography.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["biographer","biographical","autobiography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"life story","formality":"informal"},{"word":"memoir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"ed8bda5b-e9d9-4e07-8645-0d9869e485f3","word":"biological","definition":"Of or relating to biology or living organisms.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"biológico","language_family":"greek","root":"bios","root_meaning":"life","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"biological","meaning":"related to biology","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"biology","meaning":"study of life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bio-","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-logia","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["biology","biologist","bio","antibiotic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"living","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"natural","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"f8aabdee-490c-4482-889a-7d64520d0c40","word":"biology","definition":"The scientific study of living organisms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"biología","language_family":"greek","root":"biologia","root_meaning":"study of life","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"bíos (βίος) + -logía (-λογία)","meaning":"Study of life. From bios (life) + logos (study, discourse).","children":[{"era":"1799","word":"biology","meaning":"The science of living organisms.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"biología","meaning":"Biology.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["biological","biologist","biography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"life science","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"natural science","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"72e5c655-2576-4cf6-b366-ec7cdf72d43b","word":"biotechnology","definition":"The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"biotecnología","language_family":"greek","root":"bios + tekhnologia","root_meaning":"life + systematic treatment of an art, craft","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical/modern coinage","proto_root":"*gwei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"biotechnology","meaning":"application of biology to technology","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bio-","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Greek (bios)"},{"era":"1600s","word":"technology","meaning":"scientific knowledge for practical purposes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tekhnologia","meaning":"systematic treatment of an art","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["biology","technology","bioengineering","genetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genetic engineering","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bioengineering","formality":"technical"},{"word":"biotech","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"9a26068b-a81a-46b9-903e-c5f74f08376f","word":"birch","definition":"A slender tree or shrub with pale, peeling bark.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *berkō","root_meaning":"birch","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"birch","meaning":"a slender tree with pale bark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"birche","meaning":"birch tree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*berkō","meaning":"birch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["birch","birchen","birchbark","birchwood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"white birch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silver birch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paper birch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"93ea0bac-2bef-40c4-9edf-8e049249b305","word":"bird","definition":"A warm-blooded vertebrate animal with feathers, wings, and lay eggs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brid","root_meaning":"chick, young bird","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bird","meaning":"feathered winged animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brid","meaning":"chick, young bird","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"brid","meaning":"chick","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["birdie","birdhouse","birdwatcher","avian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fowl","formality":"formal"},{"word":"avian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"winged creature","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.673Z"}
{"id":"ecd17b3a-45b6-4b55-b791-ae7482e7a44e","word":"birdie","definition":"A diminutive noun meaning a small bird; in golf, it is a score of one under par.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bird","root_meaning":"bird","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"birdie","meaning":"a diminutive noun and golf term","children":[{"era":"current","word":"-ie","meaning":"a diminutive suffix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bird","meaning":"bird","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English diminutive suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bird","birdy","birdlet","birdling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"birdlet","formality":"literary"},{"word":"birdling","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"birdy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"bb1605f4-bf99-42d6-b1c6-d07b3d7d34d6","word":"birth","definition":"The emergence of a baby or young animal from the body of its mother.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"berth","root_meaning":"to bear, carry","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ber-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"birth","meaning":"emergence of offspring from mother","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"birthe","meaning":"act of giving birth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*berth-","meaning":"to bear, carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["born","bear","bearing","rebirth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nativity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"childbirth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parturition","formality":"technical"},{"word":"delivery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"b8550d48-bf2f-4046-8052-d52f19dad456","word":"birthday","definition":"The anniversary of the day on which a person was born.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cumpleaños","language_family":"germanic","root":"birth + day","root_meaning":"act of being born + day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ber- + *dyeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"birthday","meaning":"anniversary of birth","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"birth","meaning":"act of being born, descent","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"byrth","meaning":"birth, offspring","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"800s","word":"day","meaning":"period of 24 hours","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["birth","born","birthplace","birthday cake","birthing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"birth anniversary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"natal day","formality":"literary"},{"word":"date of birth","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"1c969b94-30e0-43ab-9244-f51289ac717f","word":"biscuit","definition":"A small, flat, baked cake, typically crisp and sweet (British English); a small, soft, leavened bread (American English).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bizcocho","language_family":"french","root":"bescuit","root_meaning":"twice cooked","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th C","proto_root":"*kwokʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"biscuit","meaning":"baked good","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"bescuit","meaning":"twice cooked","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bis coctus","meaning":"twice baked","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["biscotto","cook","concoct","cuisine","bakery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cookie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cracker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"91f9ed8e-29da-4b0b-b16a-818c259a7069","word":"bishop","definition":"A senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obispo","language_family":"greek","root":"episkopos","root_meaning":"overseer, superintendent","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bishop","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bisceop","meaning":"bishop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"episcopus","meaning":"overseer","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"episkopos","meaning":"overseer, superintendent (epi- 'over' + skopos 'watcher')","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["episcopal","episcopate","archbishop","diocese"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prelate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pontiff","formality":"formal"},{"word":"diocesan","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"1bbc38d6-fbea-41ef-bf98-1686552df0f3","word":"bit","definition":"A small piece or quantity of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pedazo","language_family":"germanic","root":"bite","root_meaning":"a bite, a morsel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bitan","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"bit","meaning":"A small piece.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"bitan","meaning":"To bite.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"bite","meaning":"A morsel bitten off.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["bite","a bit","bit by bit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"morsel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"ead8cae6-1583-47d2-82b2-762c6050f9a5","word":"bitch","definition":"A female dog; also used as a derogatory term for a malicious or unpleasant woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bicce","root_meaning":"female dog","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bitch","meaning":"female dog, malicious woman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bicce","meaning":"female dog","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dog","canine","cur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cur","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"shrew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hussy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"8be29008-66ee-4ba0-ac07-07da518a11f6","word":"bite","definition":"To cut into or through with the teeth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bītan","root_meaning":"to bite","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bite","meaning":"to cut with teeth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bītan","meaning":"to bite","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*bītaną","meaning":"to bite","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*bheid-","meaning":"to split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bit","bitten","bitter","bait","bitch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gnaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"3b9b6a8c-3000-454c-8dd1-0bd02a48d241","word":"bitter","definition":"Having a sharp, pungent taste or smell; characterized by intense antagonism or hostility.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"biter","root_meaning":"biting, sharp","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bitter","meaning":"Having a sharp, pungent taste or smell or feeling intense hostility.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bitter","meaning":"bitter, sharp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"biter","meaning":"biting, sharp","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bite","biter","acrimonious","rancid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acrid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sharp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harsh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resentful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"6bf5e91c-81ab-427f-b0f1-84a439590ae8","word":"bitterness","definition":"The quality or state of being bitter in taste, feeling, or attitude.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *bitraz","root_meaning":"biting; sharp","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bitterness","meaning":"the state or quality of being bitter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bitter","meaning":"sharp-tasting, harsh, or severe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *bitraz","meaning":"biting; sharp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"state or quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bitter","bitterly","bitterest","embitter","bittersweet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acrimony","formality":"formal"},{"word":"harshness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resentment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"54b03e83-1d9f-4c13-9614-9795a40c65ad","word":"black","definition":"Of the darkest color; having no light or whiteness","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blæc","root_meaning":"black, dark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*blakaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"black","meaning":"darkest color; without light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæc","meaning":"black, dark, ink","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*blakaz","meaning":"burned, black","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blackout","blackboard","blackbird","blackmail","jet-black"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ebony","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jet","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"9bb5ff9e-6a5d-4729-83f5-734c0a721533","word":"blackberry","definition":"An edible aggregate fruit, typically dark purple to black when ripe, or the shrub producing it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blæcberie","root_meaning":"black berry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blackberry","meaning":"a dark edible fruit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæcberie","meaning":"black berry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæc","meaning":"black","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"berie","meaning":"berry","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["black","berry","blueberry","raspberry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bramble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"4d33a03e-937e-4a1a-93ab-36b83f73248c","word":"blackie","definition":"Blackie is a diminutive nickname or label formed from black, and it can be offensive in some contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blæc","root_meaning":"black; dark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blackie","meaning":"diminutive nickname formed from black","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"black","meaning":"black; dark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæc","meaning":"black; dark","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"modern","word":"-ie","meaning":"forming informal or affectionate diminutives","children":[],"language":"English diminutive suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["black","blackish","blacken","blackness","blacky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nickname","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moniker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sobriquet","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"765490e6-4183-4d07-8612-0d642b235731","word":"blackout","definition":"A period when all lights go out, often due to a power failure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blæc","root_meaning":"black, dark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blackout","meaning":"A period when all lights go out...","children":[{"era":"current","word":"black","meaning":"of the darkest color","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæc","meaning":"black, dark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blakaz","meaning":"burned, sooty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"out","meaning":"away from the inside","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūt","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["darkness","power","failure","dim","brownout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"darkness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"power cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"f21a46d0-700b-4764-adf5-f71eb1a77c21","word":"blacksmith","definition":"A blacksmith is a metalworker who forges and repairs iron or steel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blæc + smið","root_meaning":"black + metalworker","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blacksmith","meaning":"a metalworker who forges and repairs iron or steel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"black","meaning":"black, dark, charred","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smith","meaning":"metalworker, craftsman","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smith","metalsmith","goldsmith","silversmith","blackening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smith","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"metalworker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ironsmith","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"80bae671-efe8-4ac2-9c75-0c7e2dd540b1","word":"bladder","definition":"An organ or sac that stores fluid or gas in the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*blēdrǭ","root_meaning":"blister, bladder","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bladder","meaning":"an organ or sac that stores fluid or gas","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bladdre / bleddre","meaning":"bladder; blister","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæddre / blǣdre / blēdre","meaning":"blister; bladder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blādrā","meaning":"blister; bladder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blēdrǭ / *bladrǭ","meaning":"blister; bladder","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blister","bladdery","bladdered","bladders"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sac","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pouch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vesicle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"fcfcc0ad-eab4-4fcc-91ad-971e0eda947a","word":"blade","definition":"The flat cutting part of a tool or weapon, such as a knife or sword.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blæd","root_meaning":"leaf, flat part","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*blædan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blade","meaning":"The flat cutting part of a tool or weapon, such as a knife or sword.","children":[{"era":"pre-1400","word":"blad","meaning":"leaf, flat part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæd","meaning":"leaf, blade, flat part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blædan","meaning":"to swell, bloom","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leaf","bloom","blossom","blood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knife","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"198c4ab1-3ff0-477d-b8c7-afb34c24f235","word":"blah","definition":"(informal) Used to express boredom or contempt, or to refer to meaningless talk.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blah","meaning":"meaningless talk, boredom","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"blah","meaning":"onomatopoeic representation of boring talk","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blab","blather","chatter","yak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonsense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rubbish","formality":"informal"},{"word":"twaddle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"f605d9d5-9162-4e97-a70f-a6340ea70d56","word":"blame","definition":"To assign responsibility for a fault or wrong.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"culpar","language_family":"french","root":"blasmer","root_meaning":"to rebuke, reproach","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"blasphēmāre","meaning":"To reproach, revile.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"blasmer","meaning":"To rebuke, reproach, criticize.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"blame","meaning":"To hold responsible.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"culpar","meaning":"To blame.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["blameless","blameworthy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"censure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"181298c7-f0eb-4c48-9504-c69c71b0030e","word":"blanche","definition":"To make white or pale, typically by scalding or boiling briefly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"blanco","language_family":"germanic","root":"blank","root_meaning":"white, shining","root_language":"Old Low Franconian","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*blangkaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blanche","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"blanchir","meaning":"to whiten","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"blanc","meaning":"white","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blank","meaning":"to shine, gleam","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blank","bleach","bloom","blaze","blink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whiten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bleach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lighten","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"dbddd9ca-3f82-4c4f-9b5a-1cd640d02c0c","word":"bland","definition":"Lacking strong features, flavor, or character; mild, smooth, and unremarkable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"blando","language_family":"latin","root":"blandus","root_meaning":"soft, smooth, flattering, gentle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bland","meaning":"mild, lacking strong flavor or character","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bland","meaning":"gentle, smooth, flattering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"blandus","meaning":"smooth, flattering, caressing, gentle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blandish","blandishment","blandly","blandness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insipid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mild","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vapid","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"b6a2fab5-0db5-4fb6-836d-7b2668db16be","word":"blank","definition":"Without any writing, print, or markings; empty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"blanco","language_family":"germanic","root":"blanc","root_meaning":"white, shining","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bhleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blank","meaning":"empty, without marks","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"blank","meaning":"white, shining","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blangkaz","meaning":"to shine, gleam","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bleach","blanch","blatant","flicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"empty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"void","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"d0cc86d8-e63b-4e81-bfd0-57ccd6d16a7d","word":"blanket","definition":"A large piece of woolen or similar material used as a covering on a bed or for warmth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"blanchet","root_meaning":"white cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blanket","meaning":"bed covering","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"blanket","meaning":"white woolen cloth","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"blanchet","meaning":"white cloth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blanc","meaning":"white","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blancmange","blanch","blank","white"],"synonyms":[{"word":"throw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quilt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duvet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"0213e787-019d-4c04-b877-979be7d2ae97","word":"blare","definition":"Make or cause to make a loud, harsh sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blare","meaning":"make loud, harsh sound","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"blaren","meaning":"to bellow, roar","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blast","bleat","bluster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trumpet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"e23c2a32-9462-4f4d-a02b-bd1c47f15953","word":"blasphemy","definition":"The act of speaking sacrilegiously about God or sacred things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"blasfemia","language_family":"greek","root":"blasphēmia","root_meaning":"evil-speaking","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"blasphēmía (βλασφημία)","meaning":"Evil-speaking, slander. From blaptein (to injure) + phēmē (speech).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"blasphemy","meaning":"Irreverent speech about God.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"blasfemia","meaning":"Blasphemy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["blasphemous","blaspheme","blasphemer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sacrilege","formality":"formal"},{"word":"profanity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irreverence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0fdac423-b7e1-4496-b3b5-b743688215fe","word":"blast","definition":"A destructive wave of highly compressed air spreading outward from an explosion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blǣst","root_meaning":"a blowing, gust","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*blesan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blast","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blǣst","meaning":"a blowing, gust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blesan","meaning":"to blow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bʰleh₁-","meaning":"to blow, swell","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blow","bluster","blossom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explosion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detonation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"1b8a260d-6e53-4362-b350-ecf3944a90fc","word":"blaze","definition":"A bright flame or a sudden burst of fire or light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blæse","root_meaning":"torch; flame","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blaze","meaning":"a bright flame or a sudden burst of fire or light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blæse","meaning":"torch; flame","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blasō","meaning":"torch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bʰel-","meaning":"to shine; be white","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blazing","blazed","blazer","blazes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"ca5581fa-5551-4ffb-8fd3-1c447f8abe1f","word":"bleach","definition":"To whiten or remove color from something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *blaikijaną","root_meaning":"to make pale or white","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bleach","meaning":"to whiten or remove color","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bleachen","meaning":"to whiten, make pale","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blǣcan","meaning":"to make pale or white","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blaikijaną","meaning":"to make pale or white","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bleach","bleached","bleaching","bleacher","bleak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whiten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decolorize","formality":"technical"},{"word":"blanch","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"7df7fde5-248d-425f-ae52-d14b24c89780","word":"bleak","definition":"Lacking color, warmth, or hope; harsh, dreary, and desolate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *blaikaz","root_meaning":"pale, white, shining","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bleak","meaning":"Lacking color, warmth, or hope; harsh, dreary, and desolate.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bleak","meaning":"Pale, bright, or white; later, dreary and barren.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blāc","meaning":"Pale, shining, or white.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blaikaz","meaning":"Pale or shining.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bleakness","bleakly","bleaker","bleach","blear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dreary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desolate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"1126abfd-e29d-4a38-b4be-a6eeba7490d0","word":"bleat","definition":"To make the thin, sheep-like cry associated with sheep and goats, or to complain plaintively.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blǣtan","root_meaning":"to bleat; to utter a sheep-like cry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bleat","meaning":"to make a sheep-like cry or complain plaintively","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bleten","meaning":"to bleat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blǣtan","meaning":"to bleat","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bleat","bleating","bleater","bleaty","bleated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"baa","formality":"informal"},{"word":"complain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whine","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"25c04642-c6c0-4477-a5c1-db8b5d8e94d4","word":"bleed","definition":"To lose blood from the body.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*blōþijaną","root_meaning":"to bleed, to make bloody","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*bʰleh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bleed","meaning":"To lose blood from the body.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blēdan","meaning":"to bleed","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*blōþijaną","meaning":"to bleed, to make bloody","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*blōþą","meaning":"blood","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blood","blossom","bloom","bloody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hemorrhage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"d672c84c-4f1d-4220-998e-9f8b4636f3d4","word":"bleep","definition":"To make a short, high-pitched sound, typically produced by electronic equipment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bleep","root_meaning":"sound","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bleep","meaning":"To make a short, high-pitched sound","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bleeper","bleeping","bleeps"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buzz","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"36fbb204-b0a2-4ee0-b75b-c2b55ec05047","word":"blend","definition":"To mix a substance with another substance so that they combine together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blanda","root_meaning":"to mix, mingle","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*blandanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blend","meaning":"to mix","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"blenden","meaning":"to mix, mingle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blanda","meaning":"to mix, mingle","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mix","mingle","blur","blender","blind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mix","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"d0edd2aa-2a3e-450c-a6b2-d54a57bb85d6","word":"blender","definition":"A device used to mix, purée, or liquefy food and other substances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blendan","root_meaning":"to mix, mingle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blender","meaning":"a mixing appliance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blend","meaning":"mix, mingle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blendan","meaning":"to mix, confuse","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"one that does or makes","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blend","blended","blending","blendable","unblended"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mixer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixing machine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"food mixer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"dc628e68-6d68-449f-8d9e-f839657ccd33","word":"bless","definition":"To consecrate or hallow, or to invoke divine favor upon.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blētsian","root_meaning":"to consecrate by sprinkling with blood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bless","meaning":"To consecrate or hallow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blētsian","meaning":"to consecrate by sprinkling with blood","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blood","blithesome","bliss","blot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sanctify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consecrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hallow","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ordain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"fbb7bb52-40e1-47b8-8267-fdc08772fb9e","word":"blessing","definition":"A divine favor or gift, or the act of consecration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blēdsian","root_meaning":"to consecrate with blood, to mark with a sign","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blessing","meaning":"A divine favor or gift.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blessung","meaning":"a consecration","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blēdsian","meaning":"to consecrate with blood, mark with a sign","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bless","blessed","blissful","blood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"favor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boon","formality":"literary"},{"word":"benediction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"1a4ce83b-a40e-43a3-9002-2d3249d41f01","word":"blind","definition":"Unable to see.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blindaz","root_meaning":"blind","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhlendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blind","meaning":"Unable to see.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blind","meaning":"blind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blindaz","meaning":"blind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blink","blend","blunder","blindness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sightless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unseeing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visually impaired","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"77394df1-ae47-42d5-b3c1-10053a517c82","word":"blindfold","definition":"A covering placed over the eyes to prevent sight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blindfold","meaning":"a covering over the eyes that blocks sight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blind","meaning":"sightless","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blindaz","meaning":"blind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fold","meaning":"to bend or wrap over","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fealdan","meaning":"to fold, wrap","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blind","blindness","blindfolded","blindfolding","fold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eye mask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eyeshade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blinder","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"b75aa600-9341-48e8-b60f-35b03d676a06","word":"blindness","definition":"The condition of being unable to see.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English blindnes(s)","root_meaning":"state of being blind","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blindness","meaning":"the condition of being unable to see","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blind","meaning":"unable to see","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blind","blinding","blindfold","blindly","blinded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cecity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sightlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visual impairment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"e6b66c9a-f76a-46ea-a362-16f2d10dd17c","word":"blink","definition":"To shut and open the eyes quickly, often involuntarily.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blinken","root_meaning":"to shine, gleam","root_language":"Middle Dutch/Low German","root_era":"13th Century","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"16th Century","word":"blink","meaning":"to shut and open the eyes quickly","children":[{"era":"13th Century","word":"blinken","meaning":"to shine, gleam","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhel-","meaning":"to shine, flash, burn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wink","blinker","blinkered","blinking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flicker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flutter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"ba9daf3e-ad8e-455e-b111-8fea3bfa4f0f","word":"bliss","definition":"Perfect happiness; great joy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blis","root_meaning":"joy, mirth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*blēsi- (Proto-Germanic)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bliss","meaning":"perfect happiness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blis","meaning":"joy, mirth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blissful","bless","blithe","blissfully"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ecstasy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"felicity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"c54ad00b-3b89-4d14-82cb-164fca7f54e8","word":"blizzard","definition":"A severe snowstorm with strong winds and blowing snow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blizzard","meaning":"a severe snowstorm with strong winds","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"blizz-","meaning":"an uncertain imitative or dialectal base associated with a violent burst of weather","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ard","meaning":"a suffix later attached in the compound","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blizzards","blizzardy","blizzard-like","blizzarded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snowstorm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whiteout","formality":"technical"},{"word":"snow squall","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"f55f9961-0bfb-43be-b60c-371136ead745","word":"block","definition":"A solid piece of material with flat sides, or to obstruct the passage of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bloque","language_family":"germanic","root":"bloc","root_meaning":"a solid piece","root_language":"Middle Dutch/Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"block","meaning":"a solid piece or obstruction","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"bloc","meaning":"a solid piece","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blockade","blockage","blocker","unblock","blocking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obstruct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chunk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cube","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barrier","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"028f7a35-bb62-490d-aa98-b5518cdd6daa","word":"blog","definition":"A regularly updated website or online journal containing personal commentary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"blog","language_family":"other","root":"weblog","root_meaning":"web + log","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"blog","meaning":"online journal or website","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"weblog","meaning":"web + log","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"web","meaning":"internet network","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blogging","blogger","blogs","weblog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"website","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"journal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"log","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"fb7ea017-4efb-4323-9778-3f26b6dccf98","word":"blogger","definition":"A person who regularly writes content for a blog.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bloguero","language_family":"germanic","root":"weblog","root_meaning":"a log of the web","root_language":"English","root_era":"late 20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blogger","meaning":"person who blogs","children":[{"era":"1999","word":"blog","meaning":"short for weblog","children":[{"era":"1997","word":"weblog","meaning":"a log of the web","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"web","meaning":"net, weave","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"log","meaning":"trunk of a tree; later record, diary","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blog","blogging","vlog","vlogger","weblog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"author","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"columnist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"f9ff97bd-ade8-4223-aaac-90bfaa48b2dd","word":"blogs","definition":"Plural of blog; regularly updated websites or web pages where content is posted chronologically, often with personal commentary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"blogs","language_family":"other","root":"web + log","root_meaning":"web log","root_language":"English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blogs","meaning":"plural of blog","children":[{"era":"1997","word":"weblog","meaning":"web + log combined","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"blog","meaning":"web log","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"log","meaning":"record, journal","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blog","blogger","weblog","blogging","microblog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"websites","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weblogs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"journals","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"dc5f7450-d125-4404-a3b5-4ace5b638e44","word":"bloke","definition":"An informal term for a man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bloke","meaning":"a man","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"bloke","meaning":"a man","children":[],"language":"English (slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chap","fellow","lad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fellow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"cd85a87e-bea4-4e6e-bafc-483ccc3138bc","word":"blonde","definition":"Having fair hair and a light complexion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*blund","root_meaning":"yellow, fair","root_language":"Old Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blonde","meaning":"Having fair hair","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"blond","meaning":"fair-haired","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*blund","meaning":"yellow, fair","children":[],"language":"Old Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blond","blend","bleak","bleach"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fair-haired","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flaxen","formality":"literary"},{"word":"light-haired","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"golden","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"b6e876e8-5a36-4ea0-9a4a-8137317e6403","word":"blondie","definition":"A blond person, especially a woman or girl, or a brownie-like dessert made without chocolate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"blondo","language_family":"french","root":"blond","root_meaning":"fair; light-colored","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blondie","meaning":"a blond person or a blond-colored dessert","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"blond + -ie","meaning":"diminutive or familiar form","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"blond","meaning":"fair; light-colored","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English formation"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blond","blonde","blondness","blondish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blonde","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fair-haired person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"butterscotch brownie","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"9c238560-88ea-4571-a72a-6d497d62a252","word":"blood","definition":"The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sangre","language_family":"germanic","root":"blōd","root_meaning":"blood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bhlo-to-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"blood","meaning":"Circulating red fluid of the body.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"blōd","meaning":"Blood.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*bhlo-to-","meaning":"That which flows.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["bleed","bloody","bloodstream","bloodhound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gore","formality":"informal"},{"word":"plasma","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"cd307223-2215-41f9-9aed-9c5200984f2e","word":"bloodshed","definition":"The killing or wounding of people, especially in violent conflict.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bloodshed","meaning":"the act or result of violent killing or injury","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blood","meaning":"blood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blōd","meaning":"blood","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shed","meaning":"to let out, scatter, or pour forth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceadan","meaning":"to divide, separate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blood","bloodthirsty","bloodbath","shed","bloodletting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"violence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slaughter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carnage","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"5090ff12-9cb0-45e3-9e42-1734fbefcc11","word":"bloody","definition":"Stained or covered with blood.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blodig","root_meaning":"covered in blood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhleh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bloody","meaning":"Stained or covered with blood.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blodig","meaning":"covered in blood","children":[{"era":"pre-600","word":"*blōþą","meaning":"blood","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blood","bleed","bloodshed","sanguine","hemorrhage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanguineous","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bleeding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanguinary","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"c46332eb-8fee-4eff-ac6b-f5ebeee096a9","word":"bloom","definition":"To produce flowers; to flourish; a flower or period of flowering.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blōm","root_meaning":"flower","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhleh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bloom","meaning":"a flower; to flower","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blōm","meaning":"flower","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*blōmō","meaning":"flower","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhleh₃-","meaning":"to blossom, flourish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blossom","flower","blow","blooming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flourish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blossom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effloresce","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"bd9c22a4-c98b-4684-bd35-65b73db20362","word":"blossom","definition":"A flower or a mass of flowers, especially on a tree or bush.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blostma","root_meaning":"flower","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhle-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blossom","meaning":"a flower or a mass of flowers, especially on a tree or bush","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blostma","meaning":"flower","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bloom","flower","blush","florist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"efflorescence","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"633f32b3-cd29-4b27-9c8c-a49a49c738a1","word":"blouse","definition":"A woman's loose upper garment resembling a shirt, typically with a collar, buttons, and sleeves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"blusa","language_family":"french","root":"blouse","root_meaning":"smock, worker's tunic","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blouse","meaning":"loose upper garment","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"blouse","meaning":"smock, worker's tunic","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blouson","bloomers","blow","bluster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shirt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"top","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tunic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"2305d59a-05f7-4c61-b52c-633c1def17c2","word":"blow","definition":"To expel air forcefully from the mouth, or a sudden forceful hit with the fist or a weapon.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blāwan","root_meaning":"to blow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhlē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blow","meaning":"expel air or strike","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blow","meaning":"to blow, breathe","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"blāwan","meaning":"to blow","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*bhlē-","meaning":"to blow, swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blower","blown","blowing","blowfish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thwack","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"9089e25e-688a-43a3-9215-ebaa66f69b97","word":"blue","definition":"The color of the sky and sea; sad or melancholy","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blǣwen","root_meaning":"blue","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*blēwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"blue","meaning":"color of sky; sad","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bleu","meaning":"blue","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*blēwaz","meaning":"blue, livid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bluebird","blueprint","blueberry","navy-blue","sky-blue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"azure","formality":"literary"},{"word":"cerulean","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sad","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"2f06b640-1e35-49de-b060-5cbb80a312ab","word":"blueberry","definition":"A small edible blue-black berry, especially one of the genus Vaccinium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blueberry","meaning":"a small edible blue-black berry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blue","meaning":"the color blue","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"berry","meaning":"a small fruit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blue","berry","blueberries","blueberry bush","blueberry pie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bilberry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"huckleberry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whortleberry","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"2826b5ae-ab78-4f91-ae59-ab4df0920bae","word":"bluff","definition":"To try to deceive someone by appearing more confident than one actually is.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bluffen","root_meaning":"to brag, boast","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bluff","meaning":"to deceive with confidence","children":[{"era":"late 1800s","word":"bluff","meaning":"to mislead in poker","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bluffen","meaning":"to brag, boast","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bluffer","bluffing","bluffed","bluffer","bluffly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deceive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mislead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feign","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"dd6b5a70-6b1c-489d-b1ce-1ca9edecb60a","word":"blunt","definition":"(Of a knife or other cutting implement) lacking a sharp edge or point.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"blundr","root_meaning":"dull","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blunt","meaning":"not sharp","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"blunt","meaning":"dull, stupid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"blundr","meaning":"dull","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dull","obtuse","edge","pointless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unsharpened","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insensitive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"12d34ade-d9cc-4ce3-b2eb-600d9cf88f50","word":"blurry","definition":"Blurry means unclear, indistinct, or lacking sharp detail.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"blurry","meaning":"unclear or indistinct","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"blur","meaning":"to make or become indistinct","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ig","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blur","blurred","blurring","blurness","blurry-eyed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unclear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fuzzy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"indistinct","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"a9ea70df-d573-4f75-a17a-164d57649a4e","word":"boar","definition":"A boar is an adult male pig, especially a wild one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bār","root_meaning":"boar; male pig","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boar","meaning":"adult male pig, especially a wild one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bār","meaning":"boar; male pig","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bairaz","meaning":"boar","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boars","boarish","boarhound","boar-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pig","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"e6c9bfcf-e0c8-4624-b74c-5bc471cc42dd","word":"board","definition":"A long thin piece of wood; a group of people who manage an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"junta","language_family":"germanic","root":"bord","root_meaning":"plank, side of a ship","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*burda-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"board","meaning":"A plank; a committee; to get on a vehicle.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"bord","meaning":"Plank, side of a ship, table.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*burda-","meaning":"Board, plank.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["blackboard","skateboard","overboard","aboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"committee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"panel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"01dbd483-03ae-43ea-a98e-0fd4f283979f","word":"boards","definition":"Flat pieces of wood or committee groups that manage or oversee organizations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tabla","language_family":"germanic","root":"bord","root_meaning":"plank, table, side of a ship","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bherdh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boards","meaning":"plural of board, planks or committees","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"board","meaning":"plank of wood, table, side of a ship","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"bord","meaning":"board, edge, side","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["board","border","aboard","keyboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"planks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panels","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"committees","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"e6af0168-810d-44bd-9c36-2ccbdb5aa111","word":"boat","definition":"A small vessel designed for traveling on water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bat","root_meaning":"boat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*baitaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boat","meaning":"Small vessel for water travel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bat","meaning":"boat","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*baitaz","meaning":"boat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boating","boatman","boatswain","sailboat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vessel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"craft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dinghy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skiff","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"f4659882-d297-48f2-8bfa-db16e58b4c18","word":"bob","definition":"To move up and down with a quick, jerky motion.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":"possibly imitative origin","root_language":null,"root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bob","meaning":"to move up and down","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bobben","meaning":"to strike, bounce","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bob","meaning":"possibly imitative","children":[],"language":"origin uncertain"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bobbing","bobber","bobby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bounce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oscillate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"45380292-a445-4c13-8152-a3ca3fcf9a7c","word":"bodily","definition":"Relating to the body or physical form.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bodig","root_meaning":"body; trunk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bodily","meaning":"relating to the body","children":[{"era":"Middle English to Modern English","word":"body + -ly","meaning":"adjectival formation from body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"body","meaning":"the physical body; trunk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bodig","meaning":"body; trunk","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["body","bodied","bodiless","embodiment","bodice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"physical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corporeal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"somatic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"627af2ce-ad04-4f51-940b-65ce188c44ac","word":"body","definition":"The physical structure of a person or animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuerpo","language_family":"germanic","root":"bodig","root_meaning":"trunk of the body, chest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"body","meaning":"The physical frame of a person.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"bodig","meaning":"Trunk of a person or animal.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["bodyguard","embodiment","everybody","nobody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"physique","formality":"formal"},{"word":"frame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"c4e9a185-f68e-4fe4-b679-45dde89de094","word":"bodyguard","definition":"A person or group of people employed to protect someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bodig + garde","root_meaning":"physical structure + protection","root_language":"Old English / Old French","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bodyguard","meaning":"person protecting another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"body","meaning":"trunk, physical structure","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"bodig","meaning":"body","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"guard","meaning":"protection, watch","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"garde","meaning":"enclosure, protection","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["body","guard","ward","guardian","watchdog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"escort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"security","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"2ab4342c-abc4-456c-aa7b-3f0466ea39eb","word":"bog","definition":"Soft, wet, spongy ground; a marsh.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"*buggos","root_meaning":"soft, tender","root_language":"Proto-Celtic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bog","meaning":"soft, wet, spongy ground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bog","meaning":"a marsh or boggy place in Irish and Scottish usage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bog","meaning":"soft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*buggos","meaning":"soft, tender","children":[],"language":"Proto-Celtic"}],"language":"Old Irish / Scottish Gaelic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boggy","bogged","bogging","bogland","boghole"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marsh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swamp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"morass","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fen","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"53680f1c-d32a-409b-aeec-ebff047fe1d3","word":"bogus","definition":"Bogus means fake, counterfeit, or not genuine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bogus","meaning":"fake; counterfeit; not genuine","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bogus","meaning":"fake; counterfeit; origin uncertain","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bogusly","bogusness","bogosity","bogus-proof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counterfeit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"phony","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"983a8a00-8034-4d12-9c22-9387dff2a0b7","word":"boil","definition":"To heat a liquid to the point where it bubbles and turns to vapor.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"bullir","language_family":"latin","root":"bullire","root_meaning":"to bubble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhel-²","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boil","meaning":"To heat a liquid to the point where it bubbles and turns to vapor.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"boillir","meaning":"to boil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bullire","meaning":"to bubble","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bouillon","ebullient","bullet","bulb","ebullition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"simmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seethe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scald","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"45148bed-8365-4b93-8481-a5897c44430c","word":"boiler","definition":"A boiler is a vessel or machine that boils liquids or generates steam.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bullir","language_family":"latin","root":"bullire","root_meaning":"to bubble, seethe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*beu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boiler","meaning":"a vessel or machine that boils liquids or generates steam","children":[{"era":"early 13c.","word":"boil","meaning":"to bubble up, be in a state of ebullition","children":[{"era":"12c.","word":"bolir","meaning":"to boil, bubble up, ferment, gush","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bullire","meaning":"to bubble, seethe","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*beu-","meaning":"to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boil","boiled","boiling","boilermaker","boilerplate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kettle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cauldron","formality":"literary"},{"word":"steam generator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"156962d9-ed6b-4409-8f58-f5bb8a6f1ac1","word":"bold","definition":"(Of a person, action, or idea) showing an ability to take risks; confident and courageous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"balþaz","root_meaning":"brave, strong","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bold","meaning":"courageous","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bald","meaning":"bold, brave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"balþaz","meaning":"brave, strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boldness","embolden","brave","audacious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courageous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fearless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confident","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"24417187-017f-446e-8280-53fe62765423","word":"bollock","definition":"A vulgar term for a testicle, or as a verb, to ruin something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bealluc","root_meaning":"testicle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bollock","meaning":"testicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bealluc","meaning":"testicle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ball","bellows","bulge","boulder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"testicle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mess up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"57d66344-6efd-402a-86dd-9d03a0436c25","word":"bologna","definition":"A finely ground, seasoned sausage named for Bologna, Italy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bologna","meaning":"a type of sausage","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Bologna","meaning":"the Italian city that gave the sausage its name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Bononia","meaning":"the Roman name of Bologna","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bolognese","bolognese sauce","baloney","Bologna"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sausage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"luncheon meat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cold cuts","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"08431f0a-1d44-499c-bdf1-debde453e891","word":"bolt","definition":"a strong pin or bar, typically of metal, with a thread at one end and a head at the other, used to fasten things together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bolt","root_meaning":"arrow, short spear, strong rod","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bolt","meaning":"fastener","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bolt","meaning":"arrow, short spear","children":[{"era":"~500 BCE","word":"*bultaz","meaning":"bolt, arrow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crossbow","lightning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fastener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"latch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"3ed4e15b-30f4-44ce-b407-306675278ac3","word":"bomb","definition":"An explosive device designed to cause damage or destruction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bomba","language_family":"latin","root":"bombus","root_meaning":"deep, hollow noise; booming","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bemb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bomb","meaning":"explosive device","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bombe","meaning":"bomb","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bomba","meaning":"bomb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bombus","meaning":"deep, hollow noise, booming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bombos","meaning":"any deep, hollow sound","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bemb-","meaning":"imitative of a booming sound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bombard","bomber","bombshell","bombastic","bombing","bombproof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explosive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grenade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"munition","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"1a5fba60-f8c5-49d6-beb7-811450e5fa7f","word":"bomber","definition":"An aircraft designed to carry and drop bombs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bombardero","language_family":"latin","root":"bombus","root_meaning":"a deep, hollow sound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bomber","meaning":"an aircraft designed to drop bombs","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bomb","meaning":"an explosive device","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bombe","meaning":"bomb","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"bomba","meaning":"bomb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bombus","meaning":"a deep, hollow sound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bomb","bombard","bombastic","bumb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aircraft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attacker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assailant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destroyer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"5fb0e122-f169-4394-9e0e-66ad799978f3","word":"bond","definition":"A thing used to tie something or to fasten things together; a binding agreement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bʰendʰ-","root_meaning":"to bind","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":"*bʰendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bond","meaning":"a tie or agreement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bond","meaning":"a fetter, anything that binds","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bandą","meaning":"band, bond","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bʰendʰ-","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bind","band","bound","bondage","bundle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covenant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"44081ad7-812f-4061-bb6d-71030407697c","word":"bone","definition":"Any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other vertebrates.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bainam","root_meaning":"bone","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*bʰeyh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bone","meaning":"skeletal tissue","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ban","meaning":"bone, tusk","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bainam","meaning":"bone","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bʰeyh₁-","meaning":"to strike, hit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bony","ossify","skeleton"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skeleton","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"osseous","formality":"technical"},{"word":"frame","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"5d8a005e-c75c-4e61-8afd-df39cdffc43d","word":"boner","definition":"A blunder, and in slang an erection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bone","root_meaning":"bone","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boner","meaning":"a blunder; slang for an erection","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"bonehead","meaning":"a stupid person; by extension, a blunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bone","meaning":"bone","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"American English slang"},{"era":"1940s","word":"bone-on","meaning":"erection","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"hard-on","meaning":"erection","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bone","bonehead","boneless","bony","bone-on"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blunder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mistake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"howler","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"74b38f2d-7413-4d2b-92b2-ac1a39fb2e60","word":"bong","definition":"A water pipe typically used for smoking cannabis or tobacco.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"baung","root_meaning":"A cylindrical wooden tube, or a section of bamboo","root_language":"Thai","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bong","meaning":"water pipe","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"baung","meaning":"cylindrical wooden tube/bamboo section","children":[],"language":"Thai"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pipe","hookah","vaporizer","rig"],"synonyms":[{"word":"water pipe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hookah","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smoking device","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"81b8433e-8838-43d7-b283-22517952d721","word":"bonnet","definition":"A close-fitting cap or hood, especially one tied under the chin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bonete","language_family":"french","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bonnet","meaning":"a close-fitting cap or hood","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bonnet","meaning":"a cap or head covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bonet","meaning":"a cap or hood","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bonnets","bonneted","bonneting","bonnetless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"head covering","formality":"formal"},{"word":"headgear","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"c571f6a8-5ef2-4e52-9978-d28e9f0aed96","word":"bonnie","definition":"Attractive or beautiful, especially of a woman or child.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"bonus","root_meaning":"good","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dw-ene-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bonnie","meaning":"attractive","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bonnie","meaning":"pretty, charming","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bon","meaning":"good","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bonus","meaning":"good","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*dw-ene-","meaning":"good","children":[],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bonny","bonbon","bounty","benevolent","benefit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pretty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attractive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lovely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"cd47f9e7-087a-4a68-95ca-9c265ad9fe8c","word":"bonus","definition":"An extra payment or benefit given in addition to normal remuneration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bono","language_family":"latin","root":"bonus","root_meaning":"good, well","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dw-en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bonus","meaning":"extra payment or benefit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bonus","meaning":"good, well","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*dwenh₂-","meaning":"to favor, be well disposed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bonanza","bona fide","bonhomie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"premium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incentive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gratuity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"624c0365-9fbb-4435-9818-58f5bc6bdee4","word":"boo","definition":"An utterance intended to startle or express disapproval.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boo","meaning":"sound to startle or express disapproval","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"boo","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["booing","bother","boom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shoo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hiss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jeer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"020d78b0-beb1-455a-902f-c4060b27581a","word":"boob","definition":"A woman's breast. (Informal: a foolish person.)","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bobbe","root_meaning":"lump, bump","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boob","meaning":"breast; foolish person","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"boob","meaning":"lump, protuberance","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"bobbe","meaning":"lump, bump","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bump","bulb","knob","idiot","fool"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tit","formality":"informal"},{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fool","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"cc1729a6-67c2-405f-ab72-5a5d8be0b099","word":"boogie","definition":"A lively dance, especially one done to popular music.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boogie","meaning":"a lively dance","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"origin uncertain","meaning":"probably slang of uncertain African American origin","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"boogie-woogie","meaning":"a style of blues piano and dance","children":[],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Unknown"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boogie-woogie","boogied","boogieing","boogies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jig","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shuffle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"6c9b916f-bd79-4b98-81f0-1bd0cccb9c76","word":"book","definition":"A written or printed work consisting of pages bound together","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bōc","root_meaning":"beech tree, book, document","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bōks","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"book","meaning":"bound written work","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōc","meaning":"book, document, beech","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bōks","meaning":"beech tree (used for writing runes)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["booklet","bookstore","notebook","textbook","bookmark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"volume","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tome","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"8097a177-38ec-439c-8b6c-83c1bb5c2527","word":"bookie","definition":"An informal term for a person or business that accepts bets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bōc","root_meaning":"book; beech tree","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bōks","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bookie","meaning":"a person or business that accepts bets","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bookmaker","meaning":"a person who takes bets","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"book","meaning":"a written work or record","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōc","meaning":"book; beech tree","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"modern","word":"-ie","meaning":"informal diminutive or agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["book","bookmaker","bookmaking","bookish","booked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bookmaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oddsmaker","formality":"technical"},{"word":"betting agent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"469a86ab-8d55-4682-bedc-6bc7e663a81f","word":"bookmark","definition":"A ribbon, strip, or digital marker used to keep one's place in a book or website.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":"compound of book and mark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bookmark","meaning":"marker for a book or web page","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"book","meaning":"written work bound in covers","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mark","meaning":"sign or symbol","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bookmarking","bookmarks","mark","book"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ribbon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"928f8c37-f112-4791-95e2-ffed51ed8267","word":"books","definition":"Bound sets of pages containing written or printed text, or to reserve or arrange something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English bōc","root_meaning":"beech wood, hence bark or writing surface","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bōks (beech tree)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"books","meaning":"written texts bound together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōc","meaning":"beech wood, writing surface","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*bōks","meaning":"beech tree","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["book","bookish","bookkeeper","booklet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"volumes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tomes","formality":"literary"},{"word":"texts","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.673Z"}
{"id":"f729ad92-5eff-4968-b41c-07ab7bc2fa65","word":"bookstore","definition":"A shop where books are sold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bōk, staurare","root_meaning":"beech, to set up","root_language":"Proto-Germanic, Latin","root_era":"pre-500, classical","proto_root":"*bokiz, *steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bookstore","meaning":"A shop where books are sold.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"book","meaning":"book","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōc","meaning":"book, written sheet","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bōk-","meaning":"book, beech","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"store","meaning":"provisions, supply","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"estore","meaning":"provisions, supplies","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"staurare","meaning":"to set up, establish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["book","story","library","shop","buy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bookshop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bookseller's","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"literary outlet","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"c90a1054-5436-4916-b8ea-b1792bb9c462","word":"boom","definition":"A deep, resonant sound; a period of rapid economic growth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"boom","root_meaning":"echoing sound","root_language":"Dutch/English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boom","meaning":"a deep, resonant sound","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"boom","meaning":"onomatopoeic for a deep sound","children":[],"language":"Dutch/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bang","blast","crash","prosperity","surge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explosion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"65dc153d-0e17-4c20-b364-ec6fdfe07297","word":"boost","definition":"To help improve something or make it more successful.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"boost","root_meaning":"to lift, hoist","root_language":"Norwegian","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boost","meaning":"to lift or increase","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"booze","meaning":"to lift, hoist","children":[],"language":"Norwegian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["booster","boosting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enhance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"1074cd7b-f88f-452e-8652-ac5ab7419ad1","word":"booster","definition":"A booster is something or someone that increases power, support, or momentum.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"boost","root_meaning":"to lift; increase; urge on","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"booster","meaning":"something or someone that increases power, support, or momentum","children":[{"era":"late 1800s / early 1900s","word":"boost + -er","meaning":"agent noun formed from boost","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"boost","meaning":"to lift, raise, or increase","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boost","boosted","boosting","boosterism","booster seat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accelerator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"promoter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enhancer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"d77afd3d-708d-4f57-8395-56de3b34dfe8","word":"booth","definition":"A small temporary structure or stall used for selling goods, exhibiting, or other purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"búð","root_meaning":"dwelling, temporary shelter","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bōþō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"booth","meaning":"a small temporary structure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"búð","meaning":"dwelling, stall","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bothy","abode","build","bower","boutique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cubicle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compartment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kiosk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"2a6bbb9d-4be9-4771-87be-9493cffdb7ce","word":"booty","definition":"Valuables or plunder taken by force, especially in war.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"botín","language_family":"germanic","root":"bûte","root_meaning":"plunder, gain","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"booty","meaning":"Valuables taken as plunder.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"butin","meaning":"plunder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bûte","meaning":"exchange, gain","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loot","plunder","spoils","pillage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pillage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swag","formality":"informal"},{"word":"haul","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"e80c275b-2040-4759-9abb-16372f6e2ca7","word":"bop","definition":"Bop is a lively style of jazz, and by extension a dance or tune associated with that style.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bop","meaning":"a lively jazz style or tune","children":[{"era":"1940s","word":"bebop","meaning":"a jazz style characterized by fast tempos and complex improvisation","children":[],"language":"American English slang"},{"era":"1940s","word":"rebop","meaning":"a related nonsense-form in jazz slang","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bebop","rebop","bopped","bopping","bopper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bebop","formality":"technical"},{"word":"jazz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"0648c196-dbec-4af5-a4fc-4f831e9eb191","word":"border","definition":"A line separating two countries, administrative divisions, or other areas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"borde","language_family":"french","root":"bord","root_meaning":"edge, plank","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bherdh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"border","meaning":"A line separating two areas","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bordure","meaning":"edge, seam","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bord","meaning":"edge, plank","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boundary","edge","brim","verge","confine","sideline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boundary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frontier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"margin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perimeter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"c414fb73-b3f3-4549-8556-156c7298891c","word":"bore","definition":"To make (a hole) in something with a tool or by digging.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"borian","root_meaning":"to pierce, to drill","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bherH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bore","meaning":"to make a hole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"borian","meaning":"to pierce, to drill","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*burōną","meaning":"to bore","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*bherH-","meaning":"to cut, to pierce","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burrow","perforate","drill","pierce","auger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perforate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puncture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"a7326ad7-1817-472c-9638-d555dee26045","word":"boredom","definition":"The state or feeling of being bored.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boredom","meaning":"the state or feeling of being bored","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"bore","meaning":"a dull or tiresome person or thing","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-dom","meaning":"state, condition, domain","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bore","boring","borer","bored","boredom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tedium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ennui","formality":"literary"},{"word":"monotony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dullness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"feccc2bb-512b-439f-a8a6-f5eecb9bbf07","word":"born","definition":"Having come into existence through birth.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nacido","language_family":"germanic","root":"beran","root_meaning":"to carry, to give birth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"born","meaning":"Brought into life by birth.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"beran","meaning":"To carry, to give birth.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*bher-","meaning":"To carry, to bear (a child).","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["newborn","reborn","firstborn","bear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delivered","formality":"formal"},{"word":"native","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"e260d2cc-db34-4d14-b512-38cc1a2da4f3","word":"borough","definition":"A town or district that is an administrative unit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"burg","root_meaning":"fortress, fortified town","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰerǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"borough","meaning":"administrative town","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"burh","meaning":"fortress, fortified town","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burgh","burgess","iceberg","bury","harbour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"town","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"municipality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"ba51daf6-2aae-4f7e-87c2-64f516b67297","word":"borrow","definition":"To take and use something belonging to someone else with the intention of returning it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"borgian","root_meaning":"to pledge, lend, borrow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhergh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"borrow","meaning":"to take with intent to return","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"borgian","meaning":"to pledge, lend, borrow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*borgian","meaning":"to pledge, to protect","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*bhergh-","meaning":"to protect, to save","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loan","lend","mortgage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"take","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obtain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"05ece1c9-7693-419e-8218-4b14f227a372","word":"bos","definition":"A genus of ruminant mammals that includes domestic cattle, oxen, and buffalo.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"bos","root_meaning":"ox, cow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷōus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bos","meaning":"genus of cattle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bos","meaning":"ox, cow","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*gʷōus","meaning":"cow, ox","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bovine","beef","bucolic","bison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cattle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ox","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"02611146-59c7-43dc-a963-43440c6519c2","word":"bosom","definition":"Bosom means the breast or chest, especially as a place of closeness or affection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bōsmaz","root_meaning":"breast, chest, womb","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bosom","meaning":"the breast or chest, especially as a place of closeness or affection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōsm","meaning":"breast, chest, womb","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bōsmaz","meaning":"breast, chest, womb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bosomy","bosomed","embosom","unbosom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heart","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"b6082c0f-164a-40d9-b82d-6beeff3caa3c","word":"boss","definition":"A person who is in charge of a worker or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baas","root_meaning":"master","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boss","meaning":"person in charge","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"boss","meaning":"master, employer","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"baas","meaning":"master","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["master","overseer","governor","foreman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supervisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"c4ac4e75-ff13-4a6d-9cf6-b39602af704b","word":"bossy","definition":"Inclined to give orders or act in an overbearing way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"baas","root_meaning":"master, foreman","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bossy","meaning":"inclined to give orders or act in an overbearing way","children":[{"era":"current","word":"boss","meaning":"a master or person in charge","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"baas","meaning":"master, foreman","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boss","bossiness","bossily","bossman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"domineering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overbearing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imperious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"4fe90766-46bc-4d37-b2a9-393ca7a599c6","word":"boston","definition":"The capital city of Massachusetts in the northeastern United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Boston","root_meaning":"town of Botolph, an English saint","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Boston","meaning":"city in Massachusetts","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Boston","meaning":"town of Saint Botolph","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"Botolph","meaning":"English saint and abbey founder","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bostonian","Boston cream","Boston Tea Party"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hub","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Athens of America","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"b180ae53-950a-4a86-a0ce-711a15c32a0e","word":"both","definition":"The two persons or things together; used to indicate that something applies to two entities equally.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"båðir","root_meaning":"both","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"both","meaning":"the two together","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"both","meaning":"both, the two","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"báðir","meaning":"both","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["either","neither","both-and"],"synonyms":[{"word":"each","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the two","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"together","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"2bcc1764-d39d-4a37-af67-10fc1dc2700b","word":"bother","definition":"To annoy or cause trouble to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bodder","root_meaning":"to trouble, vex, annoy","root_language":"Anglo-Irish","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bother","meaning":"To annoy or cause trouble","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"bodder","meaning":"to trouble, vex","children":[],"language":"Anglo-Irish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pother","bothersome","unbothered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trouble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vex","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"621abd0c-84c8-4a37-a1b9-f2ce46c2541b","word":"bottle","definition":"A container with a narrow neck used for storing liquids.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"botella","language_family":"french","root":"buticula","root_meaning":"small cask or vessel","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bottle","meaning":"narrow-necked liquid container","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"botel","meaning":"container for liquids","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bouteille","meaning":"bottle, cask","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"buticula","meaning":"small cask","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"buttis","meaning":"cask, barrel","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bottleneck","bottle-feed","embottle","bottling","magnum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vessel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"jug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"flagon","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"3c1d8a0a-397d-49b7-8c15-1dd0e0fac644","word":"bottom","definition":"The lowest or deepest part of something, or the underside surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"botm","root_meaning":"base or ground","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bottom","meaning":"the lowest part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bottom","meaning":"base or foundation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"botm","meaning":"base or ground","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*bhudh-","meaning":"to be awake or aware","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bottomless","bottom-up","abyss","base"],"synonyms":[{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foundation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"depths","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underside","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"a5a4b578-ac9c-4f73-a3f8-6b9b0bd85218","word":"bought","definition":"Past tense of buy; acquired something in exchange for money.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bycgan","root_meaning":"to buy, purchase","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhugo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bought","meaning":"past tense of buy","children":[{"era":"current","word":"buy","meaning":"to purchase","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bycgan","meaning":"to buy, purchase","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buy","buyer","buying","purchase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purchased","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acquired","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obtained","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"cf1dabfe-1815-4210-9ed0-d534c4af0ef6","word":"boulder","definition":"A large rock, typically one that has been rounded by erosion in water or ice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"bollr","root_meaning":"round stone, tree trunk","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"Pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boulder","meaning":"large rounded rock","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"boulder","meaning":"large stone","children":[{"era":"Pre-1100","word":"bollr","meaning":"round stone, tree trunk","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bʰel-","meaning":"to swell, to blow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bole","bulge","billow","bowl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"04c351e6-ce30-4534-bcef-3f50412c7761","word":"bouncer","definition":"A person employed at a venue to prevent entry by unauthorized persons and to eject disruptive patrons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bonzen","root_meaning":"to beat, thump, knock","root_language":"Low German / Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bouncer","meaning":"door security person; something that bounces","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"bounce + -er","meaning":"one who bounces","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bunsen / bounsen","meaning":"to beat, thump, bounce","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bonzen","meaning":"to beat, strike","children":[],"language":"Low German / Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bounce","bouncy","bouncing","rebound","bound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doorman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minder","formality":"informal"},{"word":"security guard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"7632d7f1-cb93-4906-93ca-f940b659d5bf","word":"boundary","definition":"A line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bonde","root_meaning":"limit, landmark","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boundary","meaning":"A dividing line","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bound","meaning":"limit, border","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"bonde","meaning":"limit, landmark","language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bound","boundless","bounding","limit","frontier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"border","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frontier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demarcation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"9d0331b0-845f-478f-a50b-a2191fa99734","word":"bounty","definition":"A sum paid for killing or capturing a person or animal, or a generous gift.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bondad","language_family":"french","root":"bonté","root_meaning":"goodness","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1000s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bounty","meaning":"reward, generosity","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"bounté","meaning":"goodness, generosity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bonitas","meaning":"goodness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bonus","meaning":"good","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bounteous","bonus","good","benevolent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"premium","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generosity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"largesse","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"18f171f9-d7f4-4a6d-9dba-b3b6835a45b8","word":"bourbon","definition":"A type of American whiskey, distilled primarily from corn and aged in charred new oak barrels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Bourbon","root_meaning":"Dynasty name from a French region","root_language":"French","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bourbon","meaning":"type of whiskey","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"Bourbon County","meaning":"place name in Kentucky","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"House of Bourbon","meaning":"French royal dynasty","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whiskey","rye","scotch","brandy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whiskey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"9d6a3557-c3c2-49f0-8d73-a3c8a5ce08c9","word":"bourgeois","definition":"Bourgeois refers to a middle-class person or to the social values associated with the middle class.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"burgués","language_family":"french","root":"bourg","root_meaning":"fortified town; borough","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*burgz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bourgeois","meaning":"a middle-class person; associated with the middle class","children":[{"era":"Old French to Modern French","word":"bourgeois","meaning":"townsman; citizen; middle-class person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bourg","meaning":"town; borough","children":[{"era":"classical-to-late antique","word":"burgus","meaning":"fortified place; borough","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*burgz","meaning":"fortified place; fort","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burgeon","burgh","burgher","burgess","borough"],"synonyms":[{"word":"burgher","formality":"formal"},{"word":"townsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"middle-class person","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"abb68fd4-86b7-4240-80ed-1e7ba5e29424","word":"bout","definition":"a short period of intense activity of a specified kind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"boter","root_meaning":"to push out","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bout","meaning":"short period of activity","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"bout","meaning":"turn, circle, bend","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"boter","meaning":"to push out","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"būtan","meaning":"to beat, strike","children":[],"language":"Old Low Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["butt","abut","rebut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"session","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"c01f2bd1-6437-4985-b4b8-86126f13f098","word":"boutique","definition":"A small shop selling fashionable clothes or accessories, or other specialized goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"botica","language_family":"french","root":"apotheca","root_meaning":"storehouse, shop","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*apothēkē (storehouse)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boutique","meaning":"small, fashionable shop","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"boutique","meaning":"small shop","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"botica","meaning":"shop, apothecary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apotheca","meaning":"storehouse, shop","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apothecary","booth","body"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"ab185782-75cb-4e40-8e99-9b8e94d3d64e","word":"bow","definition":"To bend the head or upper body forward as a gesture of respect, greeting, or submission.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"būgan","root_meaning":"to bend, curve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheugh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bow","meaning":"to bend forward in respect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"būgan","meaning":"to bend, bow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bugjan","meaning":"to bend","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bheugh-","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bowed","bowing","bower","elbow","rainbow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genuflect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kowtow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curtsy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"7d4660b6-e752-4b52-bbb4-e6d783ec9424","word":"bowel","definition":"An intestine, especially one of the lower intestines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"botulus","root_meaning":"sausage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bowel","meaning":"an intestine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bowele","meaning":"intestine","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"boel","meaning":"intestine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"botellus","meaning":"small sausage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"botulus","meaning":"sausage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bowels","bowelled","bowel-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intestine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gut","formality":"informal"},{"word":"entrails","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"dda096ea-ff26-45cf-a92b-fd976e9c0488","word":"bowie","definition":"A large sheath knife named after James Bowie.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bowie","meaning":"a large sheath knife named after James Bowie","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"James Bowie","meaning":"the American pioneer and soldier after whom the knife was named","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bowie knife","sheath knife","clip-point knife","fighting knife"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Bowie knife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sheath knife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fighting knife","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"5cd705dc-352d-45cd-8d58-c6a7dcdb395d","word":"bowl","definition":"A round, deep dish or basin used for food or liquid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bolla","root_meaning":"bowl, cup","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bowl","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bolla","meaning":"bowl, cup","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bullon","meaning":"round vessel","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*bhau-","meaning":"to swell, to blow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bowling","bowler","basin","cauldron"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tureen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"d7a87ca0-0f19-4a1c-af70-83dffbb9aad5","word":"box","definition":"A container with a flat base and sides, typically rectangular.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"boj","language_family":"greek","root":"pyxis","root_meaning":"box, boxwood","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"box","meaning":"rectangular container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"box","meaning":"small container; boxwood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pyxis","meaning":"box, container; boxwood","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boxwood","boxer","boxcar","inbox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"case","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receptacle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"fde02886-4586-4f28-bc43-263e3fa9890d","word":"boxer","definition":"A person who fights with the fists, especially professionally; also, a breed of medium-sized, short-haired dog.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"boxeador (for fighter)","language_family":"germanic","root":"box","root_meaning":"to strike with the fist","root_language":"English","root_era":"18th century (for fighter), 19th century (for dog)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boxer","meaning":"one who boxes; a dog breed","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"box","meaning":"to hit with the fist","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boxing","fight","pugilist","sparring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pugilist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fighter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sparer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"5b947126-cd01-4077-91ed-b457ea5f8631","word":"boxes","definition":"Plural of box; containers with flat sides, or areas delineated for specific purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"pyxis","root_meaning":"small box, container","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boxes","meaning":"containers or delineated areas","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"box","meaning":"container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"box","meaning":"box","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pyxis","meaning":"small box, container","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["box","boxed","boxing","boxer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"containers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cartons","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receptacles","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"62441118-5538-44b1-a587-993dffd25019","word":"boy","definition":"A male child or young man","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"boie","root_meaning":"young male servant, boy","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"boy","meaning":"male child; young male","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"boie","meaning":"boy, knave","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boyhood","boyish","cowboy","tomboy","playboy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youth","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kid","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:17:11.578Z"}
{"id":"4dcc619e-5f93-473c-b51a-729328331b71","word":"boyfriend","definition":"A person's regular male companion with whom they have a romantic or sexual relationship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"boy + friend","root_meaning":"young male + companion","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boyfriend","meaning":"A person's regular male companion with whom they have a romantic or sexual relationship.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"boy","meaning":"servant, knave","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"friend","meaning":"one who loves","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["girlfriend","boy","friend","manfriend","lover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beau","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fella","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"9729582a-6fad-45dc-b52f-ece446e3a41b","word":"boys","definition":"Plural of boy; male children or young men.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"boi","root_meaning":"boy; knave; servant","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200-1500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"boys","meaning":"plural of boy; male children","children":[{"era":"current","word":"boy","meaning":"male child","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"boi","meaning":"boy; knave; servant","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boy","boyish","boyhood","schoolboy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lads","formality":"informal"},{"word":"youths","formality":"formal"},{"word":"young men","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"541f992a-e4fc-445c-bd84-70c3959689da","word":"brace","definition":"A device that holds something firmly in position or fastens things together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abrazo","language_family":"french","root":"brachium","root_meaning":"arm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰr̥H₃ǵʰ-ih₂","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brace","meaning":"supporting device","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"bracier","meaning":"to embrace","children":[{"era":"null","word":"bracium","meaning":"arm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"brachium","meaning":"arm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arm","embrace","bracelet","braw","bracing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reinforcement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"2c85815f-865e-48bf-8b04-b9b21a1b988c","word":"bracelet","definition":"An ornamental band, hoop, or chain worn on the wrist or arm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"brazalete","language_family":"french","root":"bracchiale","root_meaning":"of the arm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhr̥h₂ḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bracelet","meaning":"An ornamental band for the wrist","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bracel","meaning":"armlet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bracchium","meaning":"arm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brace","embrace","brachium","brassard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"armlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cuff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"10ff19f5-505e-4618-b020-ba7c545cc925","word":"bracket","definition":"Each of a pair of marks [ ] used to enclose words or figures. Also, a projecting support for a shelf.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"braguette","root_meaning":"small brace, breeches","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bracket","meaning":"A projecting support...","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"braguette","meaning":"small brace, breeches","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"braca","meaning":"breeches","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bracca","meaning":"breeches","children":[],"language":"Latin (Gaulish origin)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brace","breeches","embracing","bracketing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clamp","formality":"technical"},{"word":"parenthesis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"788267d5-d332-401a-896c-b4960116c7c8","word":"brad","definition":"A slender wire nail with a small head or no head.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brord","root_meaning":"point, prick","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brozdaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brad","meaning":"A slender nail","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"brad","meaning":"a flat nail","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brord","meaning":"point, prick, spike","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*brozdaz","meaning":"point","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brood","bore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"e0a8d99a-ea57-4a6d-a144-eb6f06552c71","word":"brag","definition":"To speak with excessive pride and self-satisfaction about one's achievements, possessions, or abilities.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"braggen","root_meaning":"to boast","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brag","meaning":"to boast","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"braggen","meaning":"to boast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bragr","meaning":"boast, poetry","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boast","braggart","swagger","vaunt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show off","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vaunt","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"159284ae-c769-4bf6-b443-0b8eff367923","word":"brah","definition":"Informal term of address for a male friend or peer, derived from a casual pronunciation of 'brother'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"broþor","root_meaning":"male sibling, brother","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhrāter-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brah","meaning":"informal address for a male friend","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"bro","meaning":"shortened form of brother used as casual address","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brother","meaning":"male sibling","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bhrāter-","meaning":"brother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bro","brother","brethren","bru"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bro","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dude","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"9bea8680-9098-471d-a17a-34993c2543e1","word":"brain","definition":"The organ of the body inside the skull that controls thought, memory, feeling, and activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cerebro","language_family":"germanic","root":"brægen","root_meaning":"brain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*mregh-m(n)o-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"brain","meaning":"The central organ of the nervous system.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"brægen","meaning":"Brain.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*mregh-m(n)o-","meaning":"Skull, brain.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["brainstorm","brainwash","harebrained"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intellect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gray matter","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"aa7a26d1-4e73-4ef1-bf6a-26d2890c89fa","word":"brake","definition":"A device used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle or mechanism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*brekaną","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brake","meaning":"stopping mechanism","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brake","meaning":"instrument for breaking, handle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brekaną","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhreg-","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","breakage","breaker","bridle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stopper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"check","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restraint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"11f7a2e7-b3fd-47f6-a3e0-46e6ee0c745f","word":"branch","definition":"A woody extension from the trunk or main stem of a tree or shrub.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rama","language_family":"latin","root":"branchia","root_meaning":"gill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"branch","meaning":"limb of a tree","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"branche","meaning":"arm, branch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"branchia","meaning":"gill","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["branching","branched","branchlet","branchia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bough","formality":"literary"},{"word":"arm","formality":"informal"},{"word":"offshoot","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"c24b98e0-a341-462f-8d90-5292a3a2cf6e","word":"brand","definition":"A trademark or distinctive name identifying a product or company.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marca","language_family":"germanic","root":"brennan","root_meaning":"to burn, to mark with a hot iron","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"brand","meaning":"a mark made by burning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brand","meaning":"a burning piece of wood, a torch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brennan","meaning":"to burn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["branding","branded","rebrand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trademark","formality":"formal"},{"word":"label","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"2573d62e-9166-4b72-8339-47c2958e5ded","word":"brands","definition":"Plural noun referring to distinctive marks, product names, or types of goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"brandas","language_family":"germanic","root":"brand","root_meaning":"to burn, a burning or burnt mark","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bren-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brands","meaning":"distinctive marks or product names","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brand","meaning":"a burning, burnt mark","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"brandr","meaning":"sword, torch","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*bren-","meaning":"to burn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brand","branding","branded","rebrand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trademarks","formality":"formal"},{"word":"labels","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marks","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"a904ba15-e43b-4978-81ea-16a6896ed74b","word":"brass","definition":"A metallic alloy, typically of copper and zinc.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bræs","root_meaning":"brass","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brasa-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brass","meaning":"copper-zinc alloy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bras","meaning":"brass","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bræs","meaning":"brass","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brazen","brassy","brassware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bronze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alloy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"0aa8a1aa-b355-40f5-a4ac-116de871a629","word":"brat","definition":"A spoiled or ill-behaved child.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brat","root_meaning":"mantle, cloak, rag","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brat","meaning":"a spoiled child","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brat","meaning":"mantle, cloak, rag","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brattish","brattiness","bratter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rascal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hooligan","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tyke","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"74bd364c-69d7-4811-9f06-7ba2c5ca4108","word":"brave","definition":"Ready to face and endure danger or pain.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"bravo","language_family":"french","root":"brave","root_meaning":"courageous, wild","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"barbarus","meaning":"Foreign, savage, later 'bold.'","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"brave","meaning":"Courageous, bold, wild.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"brave","meaning":"Courageous, daring.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"bravo","meaning":"Brave, fierce.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["bravery","bravado","braving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courageous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gutsy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"27b48c83-276b-4374-afde-52b951e00ba7","word":"bravely","definition":"Bravely means in a brave or courageous manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"bravo","language_family":"french","root":"French brave","root_meaning":"bold, valiant","root_language":"French","root_era":"late 1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bravely","meaning":"in a brave manner","children":[{"era":"late 1400s","word":"brave","meaning":"bold, valiant","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bravo","meaning":"bold; brave","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brave","bravery","bravado","bravo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courageously","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boldly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valiantly","formality":"literary"},{"word":"heroically","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"5f4700dc-db27-4e3a-9c69-36c753f435fb","word":"bravery","definition":"Courageous behavior, character, or spirit, especially in the face of danger or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bravura","language_family":"french","root":"brave","root_meaning":"courageous, bold","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bravery","meaning":"Courageous behavior or character.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"brave","meaning":"courageous, splendid","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"bravo","meaning":"courageous, wild, untamed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*barbarus","meaning":"wild, foreign","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brave","bravo","bravado","gallant","courageous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gallantry","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"bd3d4d3b-8c80-461c-b581-829c7a1ad5ab","word":"bravo","definition":"A cry of approval or praise, typically for a performer.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"bravo","language_family":"latin","root":"barbarus","root_meaning":"wild, savage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*barbaros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bravo","meaning":"cry of approval","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bravo","meaning":"brave, excellent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bravus","meaning":"wild, untamed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"barbarus","meaning":"foreign, wild","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brave","barbarian","bravura","braggadocio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"well done","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"d3f04950-0622-4717-91ba-07dc0cb5bc07","word":"brawl","definition":"A noisy, rough quarrel or scuffle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brawl","meaning":"a noisy, rough quarrel or scuffle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"braulen","meaning":"to clamour, shout, quarrel, or boast","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brawled","brawling","brawler","brawls"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scuffle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fracas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"melee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarrel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"9a827799-c89e-4822-8ee0-4261cfe38e68","word":"brazil","definition":"A large South American country, or a type of tropical hardwood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Brasil","language_family":"other","root":"pau-brasil","root_meaning":"brazilwood tree","root_language":"Portuguese","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Brazil","meaning":"South American country; tropical hardwood","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Brasil","meaning":"brazilwood","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pau-brasil","meaning":"brazilwood tree","children":[],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Brazilian","brazilnut","brazilwood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Brazilian nation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"South American country","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.673Z"}
{"id":"453808a1-19f7-4f83-8766-663ea0824e25","word":"breach","definition":"An act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"brecha","language_family":"germanic","root":"brecan","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breach","meaning":"a violation or break","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"breche","meaning":"a break, an opening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*breka","meaning":"a break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brekaną","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","broken","fracture","rupture","refract","fragile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"violation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"infraction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rupture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"4b6784f6-014a-43ab-bbb6-d4c3d90b47c7","word":"bread","definition":"A staple food prepared by baking a dough of flour and water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bread","root_meaning":"fragment, piece (originally a baked piece of dough)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhredh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bread","meaning":"baked food","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bread","meaning":"fragment, piece (of baked food)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brauda-","meaning":"baked food","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brew","broth","dough","loaf"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loaf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustenance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"efede7a0-ea83-408c-8b03-128078221816","word":"break","definition":"To separate into pieces as a result of force; a pause in activity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"romper","language_family":"germanic","root":"brecan","root_meaning":"to break, to violate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*bhreg-","meaning":"To break.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"brecan","meaning":"To break, to shatter.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"break","meaning":"To shatter; a pause.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"300s BCE","word":"frangere","meaning":"To break.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fracture","meaning":"A break in bone or material.","language":"English"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["breakdown","breakthrough","outbreak","fracture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fracture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"snap","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"dbdc5eb3-b9ea-41c6-a246-4bb36451c21a","word":"breakdown","definition":"A failure of a relationship or system, or a detailed analysis of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"break + down","root_meaning":"to shatter, burst + from a higher to a lower place","root_language":"Proto-Germanic + Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brekaną + *dūną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breakdown","meaning":"failure or analysis","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"break","meaning":"to shatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brecan","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brekaną","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"to a lower place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dūne","meaning":"down","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"of dūne","meaning":"from the hill","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","down","breakup","breakthrough","downtime","broken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"failure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collapse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analysis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"debilitation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"a4db6fb9-ed97-41a8-8a89-9bc3deeb6f5a","word":"breaker","definition":"Something or someone that breaks something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *brekaną","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breaker","meaning":"Something or someone that breaks something else.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"break","meaning":"to fracture or separate into pieces","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"breker / brekere","meaning":"breaker","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brecan","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brekan","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brekaną","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bʰreg-","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","breaking","broken","breakage","breakable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destroyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrecker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"crusher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"e4a663f0-2a64-4da2-9ec6-cf29c9925b62","word":"breakfast","definition":"The first meal of the day, typically eaten in the morning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"break + fast","root_meaning":"to break the fast from sleep","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breakfast","meaning":"first meal of the day","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"breakfast","meaning":"breaking of the fast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"break","meaning":"to break, shatter","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fast","meaning":"abstinence from food","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","fast","fasting","meal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"morning meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"first meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dawn meal","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"338519b3-41f4-4414-8633-f1f173dc4ed9","word":"breaking","definition":"The act of causing something to separate into pieces or ceasing an action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brecan","root_meaning":"to break, shatter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breaking","meaning":"causing to separate or cease","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"break","meaning":"to shatter, to damage","children":[{"era":"500 CE","word":"brecan","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*bhreg-","meaning":"to break, to shatter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","broken","breaker","breakage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shattering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fracturing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ceasing","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"7f9cb51a-90ea-4969-a336-b7d924c96485","word":"breakthrough","definition":"A sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brecan","root_meaning":"to shatter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breakthrough","meaning":"a significant discovery or advance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"break","meaning":"to shatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bhreg-","meaning":"to shatter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"through","meaning":"to pass beyond","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*terh₂-","meaning":"to cross over, pass through","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","through","outbreak","breakout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discovery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innovation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"367c2289-1ef9-4da7-9c2f-35efddb51db5","word":"breakup","definition":"The act or result of breaking apart or ending a relationship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*brekaną","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breakup","meaning":"an act of breaking apart or separating","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"break","meaning":"to fracture or separate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brekaną","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*bʰreg-","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"apart or upward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","broken","breaker","breaking","breakage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"split","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parting","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"12b16bc1-8413-4df4-9790-d806f9dd1db3","word":"breast","definition":"The front part of the human torso between the neck and abdomen, or the corresponding part in animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"breost","root_meaning":"breast","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breast","meaning":"front part of torso","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"breast","meaning":"breast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"breost","meaning":"breast","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["breastplate","breastfeed","breastbone","chest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bosom","formality":"literary"},{"word":"thorax","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"ff92df6e-6c43-4bf6-a3fa-e2ccaab7390c","word":"breath","definition":"The air taken into or expelled from the lungs, or the act of breathing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bræth","root_meaning":"smell, odor, vapor, exhalation","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhrēt-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breath","meaning":"air exhaled/inhaled","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bræth","meaning":"smell, vapor, exhalation","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["breathe","broth","breeze","brave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhalation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhalation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"respiration","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"3ce38cdd-4229-4272-9bc0-5da6b9726336","word":"breathe","definition":"Take air into the lungs and then expel it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bræth","root_meaning":"smell, vapor, exhalation","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brēth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breathe","meaning":"Take air into the lungs and then expel it.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"breathe","meaning":"to exhale, emit scent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bræth","meaning":"smell, odor, vapor, exhalation, breath","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["breath","breather","breathtaking","breathless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inhale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"respire","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gasp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"5cf22936-7adf-465a-8389-9550f523f4a6","word":"breathtaking","definition":"So astonishing, beautiful, or dramatic as to cause a momentary catch in one's breath.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brǣth + tacan","root_meaning":"exhalation or vapor + to seize or take","root_language":"Old English / Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhrē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breathtaking","meaning":"astonishingly impressive or beautiful","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"breath-taking","meaning":"compound adjective: taking one's breath away","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"breath","meaning":"exhalation, vapor, smell","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*brēþaz","meaning":"vapor, steam, exhalation","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bhrē-","meaning":"to boil, bubble up, emit vapor","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"taking","meaning":"seizing, grasping","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"taka","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*takaną","meaning":"to grasp, take hold of","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["breathless","breathlessly","awe-inspiring","breath","intake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awe-inspiring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stunning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spectacular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jaw-dropping","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"3f33cb9c-4150-4b15-8af9-5136d1697afb","word":"breed","definition":"To produce offspring by sexual reproduction or to raise animals for reproduction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brēdan","root_meaning":"to nourish, to cherish, to warm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brōdōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"breed","meaning":"To produce offspring or raise animals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brēdan","meaning":"to nourish, to cherish, to warm","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*brōdōną","meaning":"to warm, to make warm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brood","bread","brew","broil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reproduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"raise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propagate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"1c7a209e-0d7f-4984-9e54-ee3a32e8ee98","word":"brew","definition":"To prepare a drink, especially beer or tea, by steeping, boiling, or fermenting ingredients.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*breuwaną","root_meaning":"to brew; boil","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brew","meaning":"to make a drink by steeping, boiling, or fermenting ingredients","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"breowan","meaning":"to brew; boil","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*breuwaną","meaning":"to brew; boil","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bhreu-","meaning":"to boil, bubble","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brewer","brewing","brewery","brewage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ferment","formality":"technical"},{"word":"infuse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prepare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"44d5d0f9-c9f7-4dbe-8063-a64da9d760b2","word":"brewery","definition":"An establishment where beer or other malt-based alcoholic beverages are commercially brewed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"breowan","root_meaning":"to brew, to prepare by boiling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhrewh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brewery","meaning":"place where beer is brewed","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"brewerie","meaning":"place of brewing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"breowan","meaning":"to brew, to prepare by boiling","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*breuwan","meaning":"to brew","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*bhrewh₁-","meaning":"to boil, bubble, effervesce","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brew","brewer","brewing","brewpub","brewmaster","broth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brewhouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"malthouse","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"alehouse","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"03ab645c-4a50-449b-95df-46002f1450d9","word":"brewster","definition":"An archaic term for a female brewer, or more generally a brewer who makes and sells ale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"breowan","root_meaning":"to brew","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brewster","meaning":"female brewer; brewer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brew","meaning":"to make beer or ale by fermentation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"breowan","meaning":"to brew","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*breuwan","meaning":"to brew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ster","meaning":"feminine agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brew","brewer","brewery","brewing","brewed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"female brewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alewife","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"49b9b7ae-c01c-4cc1-b67c-254e43f5d379","word":"brian","definition":"A male given name of Celtic origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"brígh","root_meaning":"strength, vigor","root_language":"Irish Gaelic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Brian","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Brian","meaning":"strong, vigorous","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brígh","meaning":"strength, vigor","children":[],"language":"Irish Gaelic"}],"language":"Irish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bryan","Brien","Brion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Brian","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"862a6e59-95ce-41c3-9fcd-993e105a2c40","word":"bribe","definition":"A payment made to a person in a position of trust to induce them to act dishonestly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bribe","root_meaning":"piece of bread given to a beggar","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bribe","meaning":"corrupt payment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bribe","meaning":"piece of bread; beggar's gift","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"briber","meaning":"to beg, to extort","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bribery","bribable","bribee","bribish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kickback","formality":"informal"},{"word":"inducement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"payoff","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"06d76f69-5318-4eff-94ac-01e0ff56a5bf","word":"bribery","definition":"The giving or receiving of a bribe in order to influence conduct or decisions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"briberie","root_meaning":"theft, robbery, swindling","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"late 14c.","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bribery","meaning":"the practice of giving or taking bribes","children":[{"era":"late 14c.","word":"briberie","meaning":"theft, robbery, swindling, pilfering","children":[{"era":"14c.","word":"bribe","meaning":"gift; morsel; later a corrupting gift","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"medieval","word":"-ery","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bribe","briber","bribed","bribing","bribable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corruption","formality":"formal"},{"word":"graft","formality":"informal"},{"word":"kickback","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"4b78eb9b-8e18-4359-a48e-5b63b63a6924","word":"brick","definition":"A block of ceramic material used in masonry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brike","root_meaning":"a piece, fragment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brick","meaning":"A block of ceramic material used in masonry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brike","meaning":"a piece, fragment","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","breach","fragment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"block","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"3668c7ca-603c-44bb-b308-e4a1f5759c80","word":"bridal","definition":"Relating to a bride or a wedding.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brydlalu","root_meaning":"wedding feast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bridal","meaning":"relating to a bride or wedding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bride","meaning":"newly married woman","language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ale","meaning":"feast","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bride","groom","wedding","nuptial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nuptial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wedding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connubial","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"643ae13e-4e9d-42b4-8abc-a6b256d203b4","word":"bride","definition":"A woman on her wedding day or just before and after it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brȳd","root_meaning":"bride","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bride","meaning":"A woman on her wedding day or just before and after it.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brȳd","meaning":"bride","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*brūdi-","meaning":"bride","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bridal","bridesmaid","bridegroom","nuptial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"newlywed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiancée","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spouse-to-be","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"2ab922b1-5e64-46e0-bcac-d4a92d3f5d7c","word":"bridegroom","definition":"A man on or just before his wedding day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*brūdigumô","root_meaning":"bride-man","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bridegroom","meaning":"a man on or just before his wedding day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brȳdguma","meaning":"bride-man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brūdigumô","meaning":"bride-man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brūþiz","meaning":"bride","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gumô","meaning":"man","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bride","groom","bridegoom","brudgom","bräutigam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"husband-to-be","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"betrothed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"b17bad9c-b797-4b20-95ed-118b1fcec3da","word":"bridge","definition":"A structure built to span a physical obstacle such as a river while allowing passage over it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brycg","root_meaning":"to construct over a gap","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bridge","meaning":"structure spanning an obstacle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bridge","meaning":"structure to cross a river","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brycg","meaning":"bridge","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bridging","bridgework","drawbridge","footbridge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"span","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crossing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overpass","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"c5eb6737-bd58-4e6b-94f2-89c723b6941f","word":"brief","definition":"Of short duration or using few words.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"breve","language_family":"french","root":"brief","root_meaning":"short, concise","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"brevis","meaning":"Short, low, small.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brief","meaning":"Short, concise.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"brief","meaning":"Short in duration or length.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"breve","meaning":"Brief, short.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["briefing","briefly","brevity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"short","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"caf8e9c7-bfd5-48f8-a64c-dda2a90e742c","word":"briefcase","definition":"A flat, rectangular bag, typically made of leather, used for carrying documents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"brief + case","root_meaning":"short + container","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"briefcase","meaning":"A flat, rectangular bag for documents","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"brief","meaning":"short, concise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"brevis","meaning":"short","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"13th century","word":"case","meaning":"container, box","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cassa","meaning":"box, chest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brief","brevity","encase","casing","casket","capsule"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portfolio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attache","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satchel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"c7bee5de-fec4-455e-82f5-0f7e914db685","word":"brigade","definition":"A subdivision of an army, typically consisting of three battalions commanded by a brigadier.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"brigada","language_family":"french","root":"briga","root_meaning":"strife, combat","root_language":"Old French / Italian","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brigade","meaning":"military unit","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"brigade","meaning":"military unit","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"brigata","meaning":"company of soldiers","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"briga","meaning":"strife, combat","children":[],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brigand","brigadier","engage","obligation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contingent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"force","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"b6fa76b2-9e5c-4eb3-b333-3a4797030102","word":"bright","definition":"Emitting or reflecting a lot of light; shining.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beorht","root_meaning":"shining, clear, splendid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰreh₁g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bright","meaning":"emitting light","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"briht","meaning":"shining, clear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beorht","meaning":"shining, clear, splendid","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*berhtaz","meaning":"bright, clear","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*bʰreh₁g-","meaning":"to shine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","gleam","radiant","beacon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"luminous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"radiant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dazzling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vivid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"3092513b-ed2d-4fa0-9711-8a829103678d","word":"brilliance","definition":"the quality of being very bright, vivid, or intellectually outstanding.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"brillante","language_family":"french","root":"briller","root_meaning":"to shine","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brilliance","meaning":"the quality of being very bright, vivid, or intellectually outstanding","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brillant","meaning":"shining, sparkling","children":[],"language":"French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"briller","meaning":"to shine","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brilliant","brilliancy","brilliantly","brill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"radiance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"luminosity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"splendor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"1446f115-0eb6-4346-a967-6cd68eb6b1ba","word":"brilliant","definition":"Very bright or radiant; exceptionally clever or talented.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"brillante","language_family":"french","root":"briller","root_meaning":"to shine","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brilliant","meaning":"very bright or sparkling","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"brillant","meaning":"shining, sparkling","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"briller","meaning":"to shine","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"brillare","meaning":"to sparkle, glitter","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brilliance","brilliance","shimmer","radiant","glitter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"radiant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dazzling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splendid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intelligent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"fe818caf-5e19-4928-8f71-afe0e5e7167f","word":"bring","definition":"To carry or take to a place; to cause to come","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bringan","root_meaning":"to bring, carry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brengan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bring","meaning":"to carry to a place; to cause to happen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bringan","meaning":"to bring, carry","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*brengan-","meaning":"to carry, bring","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brought","bringing","upbringing","homebringing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"carry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fetch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:17:11.578Z"}
{"id":"148bd6b6-c8fa-4dea-a034-2eb6d2e2f07d","word":"brink","definition":"An edge or verge, especially one that suggests a steep drop or an approaching limit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brink","root_meaning":"edge; brow of a hill","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brink","meaning":"edge; verge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brink","meaning":"edge; slope; brow of a hill","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brinkmanship","brinkless","brinkside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"margin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"threshold","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"f56af0c7-be0d-484a-bb1a-624dd88ffd03","word":"british","definition":"Of, relating to, or characteristic of Great Britain, its inhabitants, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"británico","language_family":"latin","root":"Britannia","root_meaning":"Britain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"British","meaning":"of Great Britain","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"British","meaning":"of Britain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Britannia","meaning":"Britain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Britain","Briton","Britisher","Britishness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"English","formality":"informal"},{"word":"UK","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"a683c89f-78b8-4fae-a290-b72101e0d1fe","word":"brittany","definition":"A region of northwest France; also a female given name derived from the region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Bretaña","language_family":"latin","root":"Britannia","root_meaning":"land of the Britons","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Brittany","meaning":"region in France; female name","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Bretagne","meaning":"land of the Britons","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Britannia","meaning":"land of the Britons","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["Britain","British","Briton","Britannia","Bretton"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"eff95e35-6ea5-499b-a55e-0294912aecef","word":"bro","definition":"An informal term of address for a male friend or acquaintance; a shortened form of brother.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*brōþēr","root_meaning":"brother","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰréh₂tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bro","meaning":"informal term for brother/friend","children":[{"era":"current","word":"brother","meaning":"male sibling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"broþor","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brōþēr","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bʰréh₂tēr","meaning":"brother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brother","fraternity","sibling","friar","brethren"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dude","formality":"informal"},{"word":"man","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"bdbaf310-457b-40b7-be75-be291891363a","word":"broad","definition":"Having a large distance from side to side; wide.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*braidaz","root_meaning":"broad","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"broad","meaning":"wide","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brad","meaning":"broad, wide, extensive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*braidaz","meaning":"broad","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["breadth","broadcast","broaden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expansive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extensive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"401a68ce-fb58-4a8e-870d-b1db6fdff77a","word":"broadband","definition":"A high-capacity data transmission technology allowing simultaneous transmission of multiple signals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"broad + band","root_meaning":"wide + strip or range of frequencies","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1970s","word":"broadband","meaning":"wide-frequency data transmission","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"broad","meaning":"wide, extensive","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"band","meaning":"strip, range of frequencies","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["broadbanded","broad","bandwidth","narrowband"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wideband","formality":"technical"},{"word":"high-speed internet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"0b0299ad-6d39-4430-869f-ae0bf05579f6","word":"broadcast","definition":"To transmit a program or signal by radio or television; to scatter widely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cast","root_meaning":"to throw","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"broadcast","meaning":"To transmit a program or signal by radio or television; to scatter widely.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"broad","meaning":"wide","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cast","meaning":"to throw","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kasta","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forecaster","outcast","downcast","typecast","casting","recast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transmit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disseminate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spread","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"676e5bd2-abeb-4073-b3ea-2d8e5eeeff9e","word":"broccoli","definition":"An edible cabbage family vegetable with clustered green flower heads.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"brócoli","language_family":"latin","root":"broccus","root_meaning":"pointed; projecting","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"late antiquity","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"broccoli","meaning":"An edible cabbage family vegetable with clustered green flower heads.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"broccoli","meaning":"Plural of broccolo, used for the vegetable.","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"broccolo","meaning":"A sprout, shoot, or small projecting head.","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"broccus","meaning":"Pointed or projecting.","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["broccolo","brocco","broccolini","broccoletti"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calabrese","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprouting broccoli","formality":"technical"},{"word":"brassica","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"7c7421c4-b220-4da7-a4c1-44c814b5f7af","word":"brochure","definition":"A small book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product or service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"brocher","root_meaning":"to stitch","root_language":"French","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brochure","meaning":"small booklet","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"brochure","meaning":"small stitched book","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"brocher","meaning":"to stitch, prick","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["broach","embroider","brooch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leaflet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pamphlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"booklet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flyer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"f45e6947-b2c2-43da-a47f-7f717b1c9672","word":"broken","definition":"Shattered, fractured, or damaged into pieces; not functioning properly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brecan","root_meaning":"to break, shatter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"broken","meaning":"shattered or damaged","children":[{"era":"current","word":"break","meaning":"to fracture or shatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brecan","meaning":"to break, shatter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","breaker","breaking","breakage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shattered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fractured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"damaged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inoperative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"b2973b02-b6d0-4944-a9bb-41d58c01ec08","word":"broker","definition":"A person who buys and sells goods or assets for others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"broceor","root_meaning":"one who taps wine casks, peddler","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*brekan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"broker","meaning":"A person who buys and sells goods or assets for others.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"broceor","meaning":"one who taps wine casks, peddler","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*brekan","meaning":"to break, to tap into","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brokerage","brokering","brokers","broke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dealer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intermediary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"6c02b53c-77ca-49ee-aecb-9322ae7c5cfc","word":"bronze","definition":"A yellowish-brown alloy of copper with up to one-third tin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bronce","language_family":"other","root":"bronzo","root_meaning":"bronze","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bronze","meaning":"A yellowish-brown alloy of copper with up to one-third tin.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bronze","meaning":"bronze","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bronzo","meaning":"bronze","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brass","copper","brazen","metallurgy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alloy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"264712eb-d42c-4198-a8c8-024fcabc5732","word":"brook","definition":"A small stream.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brōc","root_meaning":"stream","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brōkaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brook","meaning":"A small stream","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brōc","meaning":"stream","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*brōkaz","meaning":"stream","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["creek","river","streamlet","runnel","burn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rivulet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"creek","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"a1312584-0ab9-44b6-bcbc-d4d076d5dec1","word":"broom","definition":"A cleaning tool consisting of a brush with a long handle, used for sweeping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brōm","root_meaning":"brushwood, thorny shrub","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brēm-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"broom","meaning":"Sweeping tool","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brome","meaning":"thorny shrub, instrument for sweeping","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brōm","meaning":"brushwood, thorny shrub","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*brēm-","meaning":"thorn, briar","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["besom","broomstick","heather"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sweeper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"besom","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"3c1f6ffa-372a-428c-930f-dc855c793488","word":"broth","definition":"A thin savory liquid made by boiling meat, fish, or vegetables in water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English broþ","root_meaning":"broth; cooking liquid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"broth","meaning":"a savory cooking liquid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"broþ","meaning":"broth; gravy","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bruthą","meaning":"broth; liquid from boiling","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bhreu-","meaning":"to boil; bubble; ferment","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brew","brewed","brewing","brothy","brothiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stock","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bouillon","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"6629c92e-738b-4605-8a30-f362c98f0b39","word":"brothel","definition":"A house where men can visit prostitutes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brothen (Middle English)","root_meaning":"a worthless person, prostitute","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*breuʔ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brothel","meaning":"A house of prostitution","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"brothel","meaning":"a disorderly house, house of prostitution","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"brothel","meaning":"a worthless person, a prostitute","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brothen","meaning":"degenerate, corrupt","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*brudanan","meaning":"to break, to crumble","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prostitute","harlot","whorehouse","bawdy house","bordello"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bordello","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whorehouse","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stew","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"7e177c64-0435-4c0f-8662-300a908a0208","word":"brother","definition":"A man or boy in relation to other children of his parents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hermano","language_family":"germanic","root":"brōþor","root_meaning":"brother","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*bhrater-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*bhrater-","meaning":"Brother.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"brōþor","meaning":"Brother.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"brother","meaning":"Male sibling.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"200s BCE","word":"frater","meaning":"Brother.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fraternal","meaning":"Of or like a brother.","language":"English"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["fraternal","brotherhood","brethren"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sibling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bro","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"bc59a63e-c28d-4bee-869d-88940794da4c","word":"brotherhood","definition":"The relationship between brothers, or a feeling of kinship and solidarity among people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"broþor","root_meaning":"brother","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhrā́tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brotherhood","meaning":"relationship of brothers/kinship","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brōþorhād","meaning":"fraternity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brōþor","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*broþor","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*bhrā́tēr","meaning":"brother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brother","brethren","sisterhood","kinship","fraternity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fraternity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kinship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solidarity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"camaraderie","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"b138c165-f363-4504-a755-97e689efd5ff","word":"brought","definition":"Past tense of bring; caused to come or be taken to a place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bringan","root_meaning":"to bring, carry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhrenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brought","meaning":"past tense of bring","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"broughte","meaning":"past tense of bring","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bringan","meaning":"to bring, carry","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bring","brings","bringing","bringer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carried","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transported","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"35175fa3-7c57-469b-8311-f2d750ac434c","word":"brow","definition":"The ridge above the eye or the forehead, and by extension a person's expression or stance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brūwō","root_meaning":"eyebrow","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰruH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brow","meaning":"the ridge above the eye or forehead","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brū / brūw","meaning":"eyebrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brūwō","meaning":"eyebrow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eyebrow","browbeat","browed","browless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eyebrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forehead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ridge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"9c57466c-42af-43ec-825b-5a616ec9d6ff","word":"brown","definition":"A dark color between red and black, produced by mixing red, black, and yellow light.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brun","root_meaning":"dark, shining","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brown","meaning":"dark reddish color","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brown","meaning":"dark color","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brun","meaning":"dark, shining, burnished","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brownish","brownie","browning","brown-out"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chestnut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chocolate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"21e103ea-285a-43b0-b2df-cf40a4aef2cf","word":"brownie","definition":"Brownie is a small rich chocolate cake or bar, and in folklore a helpful household spirit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *brūnaz","root_meaning":"brown, dark-colored","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brownie","meaning":"a brown-colored thing, a small chocolate cake, or a household sprite in folklore","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brown","meaning":"brown, dark-colored","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *brūnaz","meaning":"brown, dark-colored","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ie","meaning":"diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brown","brownish","browned","browning","brownness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"treat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"6067086e-adc1-4317-8dab-6823cb922a01","word":"browse","definition":"To look through or survey something casually, or to graze.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"brout","root_meaning":"young shoots, sprouts","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"browse","meaning":"to look through casually or graze","children":[{"era":"1300s-1400s","word":"brouse","meaning":"to eat shoots and leaves","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brout","meaning":"young shoots, sprouts","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["browser","browsing","browsable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peruse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"graze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"75dc5321-de85-4d6d-997e-73e82e6d5190","word":"browser","definition":"A software application used to access and view content on the World Wide Web.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"browse","root_meaning":"to feed on shoots and leaves","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"browser","meaning":"web application for viewing internet content","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"browse","meaning":"to look through casually","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"brouse","meaning":"to eat the shoots of plants","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"broust","meaning":"shoots, sprouts","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["browse","browsing","browsable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"navigator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"viewer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.190Z"}
{"id":"42fda406-1e7a-49f1-9f49-677d2ae6034b","word":"bruise","definition":"An injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bruisier","root_meaning":"to break, smash","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bruise","meaning":"skin discoloration from impact","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bruse","meaning":"bruise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bruisier","meaning":"to break, smash","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contusion","crush","braise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contusion","formality":"medical"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discoloration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"b406fedc-e7b4-41cb-9406-c41b8dd4b143","word":"brunch","definition":"A meal eaten late in the morning that combines breakfast and lunch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brunch","meaning":"a meal combining breakfast and lunch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 / 1200s","word":"breakfast","meaning":"the first meal of the day","children":[],"language":"Old English / Middle English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"lunch","meaning":"a midday meal","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brunching","brunched","bruncher","brunches"],"synonyms":[{"word":"late breakfast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midmorning meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breakfast-lunch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"d57906a4-46ed-48cb-b38f-bd371f554754","word":"brutal","definition":"Savagely violent or cruel.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"brutal","language_family":"latin","root":"brutus","root_meaning":"dull, stupid, insensitive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brutal","meaning":"Savagely violent or cruel","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"brutal","meaning":"brutal","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"brutalis","meaning":"of or belonging to a brute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"brutus","meaning":"dull, stupid, insensitive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brute","brutality","brutish","brutalize","brutally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cruel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"savage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruthless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ferocious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"f3e6343f-effc-4d16-8b9c-9e18f27b7489","word":"brutality","definition":"Brutality is cruel, violent, or shockingly harsh behavior or treatment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"brutalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"brūtus","root_meaning":"heavy, dull, stupid; by extension, senseless or brutal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brutality","meaning":"the quality of being cruel or violently harsh","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"brutality","meaning":"state or quality of being brutal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"brutal","meaning":"cruel, savage, beastlike","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"brūtālis","meaning":"of a beast; coarse, cruel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"brūtus","meaning":"heavy, dull, stupid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French/English formation"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brutal","brute","brutish","brutify","brutalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cruelty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"savagery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harshness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"c679ab49-44da-40a4-90ba-ad2252d3595b","word":"brute","definition":"A savagely violent person or animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bruto","language_family":"latin","root":"brutus","root_meaning":"stupid, dull, insensible, irrational","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"brute","meaning":"A savagely violent person or animal.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"brute","meaning":"beast, wild animal, irrational","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"brutus","meaning":"stupid, dull, insensible, irrational","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brutal","brutality","brutish","brutalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"savage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"ed0dbe26-4218-4a98-8bb7-526fdfbf568b","word":"bubble","definition":"A thin sphere of liquid enclosing air or another gas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"burbuja","language_family":"germanic","root":"bobbel","root_meaning":"blister, bubble","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bubble","meaning":"A thin sphere of liquid enclosing air or another gas.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"bobel","meaning":"bubble, blister","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"bobbel","meaning":"bubble, blister","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boil","bulb","bellow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"froth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"globule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"b320024f-2685-4634-b8fb-23fce345b45a","word":"buck","definition":"A male deer, hare, or goat; also, a colloquial term for a dollar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bucc, bukkr","root_meaning":"male goat, male deer","root_language":"Old English, Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bukkō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buck","meaning":"male deer; dollar","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"buc","meaning":"male deer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bucc","meaning":"male deer or goat","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bukkr","meaning":"male goat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buckskin","buckshot","ram","stag","bounce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"male deer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dollar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"2c2ad8bc-c2a0-4ac8-95a8-a5bf3f9aaf67","word":"bud","definition":"A small protuberance on a plant that develops into a leaf, flower, or shoot; informally, a close friend or companion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"budde","root_meaning":"bud, sprout","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*bud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bud","meaning":"plant bud; informal term of address for a friend","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"budde","meaning":"bud, knob, sprout","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*buddōn","meaning":"to swell, to sprout","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bud-","meaning":"to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European (proposed)"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic (proposed)"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buddy","budding","bud","abud","buddies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sprout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shoot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pal","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chum","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"45493540-6d2c-4509-b5f6-e713ab874699","word":"buddy","definition":"A close friend or companion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brother","root_meaning":"male sibling","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*bʰreh₂tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buddy","meaning":"A close friend or companion.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"brother","meaning":"male sibling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"broþor","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bʰreh₂tēr","meaning":"brother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brother","pal","chum","mate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"friend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pal","formality":"informal"},{"word":"companion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"f3b9a9d5-85ba-445e-98e2-fff16c0995d2","word":"budget","definition":"An estimate of income and expenditure for a period.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"presupuesto","language_family":"french","root":"bougette","root_meaning":"small leather bag","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"bulga","meaning":"Leather bag, knapsack.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bougette","meaning":"Small leather bag, purse.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"budget","meaning":"A financial plan.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"presupuesto","meaning":"Budget.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["budgetary","budgeting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allocation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"financial plan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"69f4f1ea-4e07-4e25-9812-3f2332591bf2","word":"buff","definition":"Buff can refer to a yellowish-brown color or, informally, a fan or enthusiast.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"buffle","root_meaning":"buffalo","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buff","meaning":"yellowish-brown color or enthusiast","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"buff","meaning":"buffalo hide","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"buffre","meaning":"buffalo","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"boubalos","meaning":"buffalo","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buffalo","buffoon","buffer","buffing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fan","formality":"informal"},{"word":"enthusiast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"7f5635a4-bff9-4646-b750-5db02fa2a5d1","word":"buffalo","definition":"A large bovid with a heavy build and typically large, curved horns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"búfalo","language_family":"greek","root":"boubalos","root_meaning":"buffalo","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buffalo","meaning":"large bovid","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"bufle","meaning":"buffalo","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"bufalus","meaning":"buffalo","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"boubalos","meaning":"buffalo","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bison","bovine","bubalus","water buffalo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wild ox","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"bb4670dc-c2ad-40cc-bede-14eac913e7f9","word":"buffet","definition":"A meal consisting of several dishes from which guests serve themselves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"buffet","root_meaning":"side table, sideboard","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buffet","meaning":"A meal consisting of several dishes from which guests serve themselves.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"buffet","meaning":"sideboard, counter, light meal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"buffet","meaning":"stool, side table","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*buff-","meaning":"strike, push (possibly related to striking a counter)","children":[],"language":"unattested Germanic/Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sideboard","counter","bar","cafeteria"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smorgasbord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"e04522a8-f9ba-4469-883c-64c7c73e2ff8","word":"buffy","definition":"Having a dull yellowish-brown color.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"buff","root_meaning":"color of uncolored buffalo leather","root_language":"English (derived from French)","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buffy","meaning":"dull yellowish-brown","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"buff","meaning":"a yellowish-brown color","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"buff","meaning":"buffalo skin, the color of it","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"buffle","meaning":"buffalo","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buff","buffalo","beef","bovine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beige","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"65071734-873d-489e-b745-afa376559f54","word":"bug","definition":"An insect, or a fault or defect in a system or software.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bugge","root_meaning":"phantom, goblin, beetle","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bug","meaning":"insect or system defect","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bugge","meaning":"phantom, goblin, beetle","children":[{"era":"pre-1200","word":"bugge","meaning":"bogey, phantom","children":[],"language":"Old English/Welsh"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buggy","bugging","bugged","bugs","debug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defect","formality":"technical"},{"word":"glitch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"6f0fc434-5c7b-41eb-8691-c69ff5999b62","word":"bugger","definition":"To bother or annoy someone, or as a vulgar term of abuse.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bougre","root_meaning":"heretic","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bugger","meaning":"to bother or as an insult","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bougre","meaning":"heretic","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Bulgarus","meaning":"a Bulgarian (associated with heresy)","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bulgarian","bougie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"damn","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"fcdf168a-018b-46ab-b5df-29f983728808","word":"bugle","definition":"A brass wind instrument, originally a horn, used for signaling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"būculus","root_meaning":"young ox; calf","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷṓws","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bugle","meaning":"a brass wind instrument used for signaling","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bugle","meaning":"a horn or bugle-horn","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"būculus","meaning":"young ox; calf","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bos","meaning":"cow; ox","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*gʷṓws","meaning":"cow; ox","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bugler","buglehorn","bugling","bugle-call"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trumpet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal horn","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"1f4167a3-533e-42d1-8e32-a7e003226bb6","word":"build","definition":"To construct something by putting parts together; to develop","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"byldan","root_meaning":"to build, construct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*budlą","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"build","meaning":"to construct; to develop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"byldan","meaning":"to build, construct a dwelling","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*budlą","meaning":"building, dwelling","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["built","builder","building","rebuild","bodybuilder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"construct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"erect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assemble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"45c21a9a-00da-47b6-a47f-afafd6b69aa2","word":"builder","definition":"A person whose job is to construct or repair buildings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"byldan","root_meaning":"to build","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰuH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"builder","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"build","meaning":"to build","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"byldan","meaning":"to build, erect a dwelling","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["build","building","rebuild","built"],"synonyms":[{"word":"constructor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"craftsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"developer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"7c5e52b4-d364-4279-9fe1-c80027bf4a4b","word":"building","definition":"A structure with walls and a roof, or the act of constructing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"byldan","root_meaning":"to build, construct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s-1100s","proto_root":"*bhūel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"building","meaning":"a structure with walls and roof","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"building","meaning":"a building, structure","children":[{"era":"800s-1100s","word":"bildan","meaning":"to build, construct","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*bhūel-","meaning":"to swell, grow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["build","builder","built","rebuild"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"edifice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"construction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"property","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"310ee02a-2f15-49f0-9da2-e885c6c9bd0f","word":"buildings","definition":"Structures with walls and a roof, or the plural of the process of constructing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"edificios","language_family":"germanic","root":"build","root_meaning":"to construct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buildings","meaning":"structures, plural of building","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"building","meaning":"structure or act of constructing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"build","meaning":"to construct, erect","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["build","builder","building","built"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edifices","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constructions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"89508f1f-80f3-4c37-b427-95ffeea26ce0","word":"built","definition":"Constructed or assembled; past tense of build.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"byldan","root_meaning":"to build, construct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"built","meaning":"constructed, assembled","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"build","meaning":"to construct, make","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"byldan","meaning":"to build, construct","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["build","builder","building","builds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"constructed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assembled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabricated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"erected","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"c91ed64c-0589-4e99-bd92-a7d31f6665da","word":"bulb","definition":"A rounded underground storage organ of a plant, such as an onion or lily, consisting of a short stem surrounded by fleshy leaves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bulbo","language_family":"latin","root":"bulbus","root_meaning":"onion, bulb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bulb","meaning":"A rounded underground storage organ of a plant.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bulbe","meaning":"bulb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bulbus","meaning":"onion, bulb","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bulbar","bulbotuber","bulbous","bubble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corm","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tuber","formality":"technical"},{"word":"globe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"0ef945ef-7cf7-4cb5-b6ac-1699ba698134","word":"bulgarian","definition":"Relating to Bulgaria, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"búlgaro","language_family":"other","root":"Bulgar","root_meaning":"(possibly) mixed people","root_language":"Turkic","root_era":"7th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Bulgarian","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Bulgar","meaning":"Bulgarian","children":[{"era":"7th century","word":"Boulgaros","meaning":"Bulgar","children":[{"era":"pre-7th century","word":"*Bulgar","meaning":"(possibly) mixed people","children":[],"language":"Proto-Turkic"}],"language":"Medieval Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bulgaria","búlgaro","Bulgar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Balkan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Eastern European","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"08d37660-158f-4897-baea-9a47ce7afbd0","word":"bulk","definition":"The main part of something; the largest part or most of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"bulki","root_meaning":"cargo, heap","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bulk","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bulki","meaning":"a heap, a cargo","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bolster","bilge","belly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"volume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"size","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"7ac7feb4-7500-4acf-8cec-9809c3fecdc5","word":"bull","definition":"An adult male bovine animal; also used broadly for the uncastrated male of various large mammals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bula","root_meaning":"bull, steer","root_language":"Old Norse / Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bul-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bull","meaning":"adult male bovine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bul / bule","meaning":"bull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bula","meaning":"bull","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bulaz","meaning":"bull, swelling (possibly related to *bel- to roar/swell)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bullock","bulletin","bullet","bully","bulldoze","bovine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ox","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bovine","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"c5a2f746-fd3f-4791-ae23-89dcbc4b3d88","word":"bullet","definition":"A small metal projectile fired from a handgun, rifle, or other firearm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bala","language_family":"french","root":"boulette","root_meaning":"small ball","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bullet","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"boulette","meaning":"small ball, diminutive of boule 'ball'","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"boule","meaning":"ball","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*balla","meaning":"ball","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin (from Germanic)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ball","balloon","bowl","boule"],"synonyms":[{"word":"projectile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pellet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"b565c1c1-60b9-447c-b5f3-9ea662b356e4","word":"bulletin","definition":"A short official statement or summary of news.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"boletín","language_family":"latin","root":"bulla","root_meaning":"a round, swelling object; a sealed document","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bulletin","meaning":"A short official statement or summary of news.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bulletin","meaning":"a small document","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bollettino","meaning":"a small document, dispatch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bulla","meaning":"a bubble, sealed document","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bull","bullet","boil","ebullient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"report","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispatch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communiqué","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"2f9db79f-73b3-4347-b8cd-643e392ae70d","word":"bullock","definition":"A young bull or a castrated bull used as a draft animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bulluk","root_meaning":"young bull","root_language":"Proto-West Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bullock","meaning":"a young or castrated bull","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bullok","meaning":"bullock","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bulluc","meaning":"young bull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bulluk","meaning":"young bull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bull + -ock","meaning":"bull + diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bullocks","bullock-cart","bullock cart","bullocklike","bullock poison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ox","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bull","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"fe885dd1-c0c4-44fd-91e5-3bfb51884952","word":"bullshit","definition":"Nonsense or false talk intended to impress or deceive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bula + scitan","root_meaning":"male bovine + to defecate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhelH- + *skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bullshit","meaning":"nonsense, deceptive talk","children":[{"era":"early 1900s","word":"bull + shit","meaning":"compound slang for worthless talk","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bull","meaning":"male bovine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bole / bula","meaning":"bull","children":[],"language":"Old English / Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"shit","meaning":"feces","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scitan","meaning":"to defecate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bull","bullshitter","BS","hogwash","balderdash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonsense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"balderdash","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"hogwash","formality":"informal"},{"word":"drivel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"6fbb5982-de12-4677-aff5-58bedf027240","word":"bully","definition":"A person who uses strength or influence to harm or intimidate those who are weaker.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"boel","root_meaning":"lover, then pimp, then thug","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bully","meaning":"intimidating person","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bully","meaning":"hired ruffian","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"boel","meaning":"lover, then pimp, then thug","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boel","beloved","bond"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intimidator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tormentor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oppressor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruffian","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"407c352f-0902-4ac5-b5f7-2332fccd3a89","word":"bum","definition":"A vagrant; a homeless person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bummeln","root_meaning":"to stroll idly, loaf","root_language":"German","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bum","meaning":"a vagrant","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bummeln","meaning":"to stroll idly, loaf","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bumble","lazy","vagrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tramp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hobo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vagabond","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"67a494b3-2165-462d-bde5-eae8a0bacaa5","word":"bummer","definition":"An unpleasant or disappointing experience or situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bum","root_meaning":"wanderer, idler; to loaf","root_language":"English (slang), likely from German","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bummer","meaning":"unpleasant experience","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"bum","meaning":"loafer, idler","children":[],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bum","bumming","bumptious","bumble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disappointment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"downer","formality":"informal"},{"word":"letdown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misfortune","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"6233d425-0432-47eb-ba48-a4e110880537","word":"bump","definition":"To strike or collide with something, often lightly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bump","root_meaning":"sound of striking","root_language":"English/Germanic (imitative)","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bump","meaning":"To strike or collide","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bumpy","bumper","bumping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jolt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"dad8378d-dda5-4abe-96e0-d49776ea26ab","word":"bumpy","definition":"Rough or covered with bumps, or causing jolts and irregular movement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bump","root_meaning":"a thump, blow, or raised swelling","root_language":"North Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bumpy","meaning":"rough or covered with bumps; causing jolts and irregular movement","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bump","meaning":"a shock, blow, or raised swelling","children":[{"era":"older","word":"Danish bump","meaning":"a thump","children":[],"language":"Danish"}],"language":"Early Modern English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-y","meaning":"adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bump","bumpiness","bumpily","bumpier","bumpiest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uneven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lumpy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"ee019365-459c-4ac1-a47f-bacac77d1923","word":"bun","definition":"A small, often sweet, bread roll, or a hairstyle in which hair is gathered into a compact coil.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bugne","root_meaning":"a swelling, a bump","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bun","meaning":"Small bread roll or coiled hair","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"bugne","meaning":"a swelling, a bump","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bunion","bunch","bumpkin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coil","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"097704c3-3b82-4983-bd22-566971507c41","word":"bunch","definition":"A group of things of the same kind fastened, growing, or held together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bonche","root_meaning":"bundle, cluster","root_language":"Middle English / Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*bung-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bunch","meaning":"a cluster or group of things","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bonche","meaning":"bundle, protuberance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bunke / bonke","meaning":"heap, pile","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bung-","meaning":"to swell, to protrude","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German / Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bunchy","bunched","bundle","bunk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cluster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"batch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"b5f55aac-fdf8-48e7-b413-bd1b11e07637","word":"bundle","definition":"A collection of things or quantity of material tied or wrapped together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bundel","root_meaning":"bundle, tied mass","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bundle","meaning":"collection tied together","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"bundle","meaning":"package","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bundel","meaning":"bundle","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bind","band","bond","bandage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"package","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bunch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sheaf","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"b5c0335c-e184-42c1-b95f-6ff0bbb8f8f5","word":"bungalow","definition":"A low one-story house, often with a wide porch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bungaló","language_family":"other","root":"baṅglā","root_meaning":"in the Bengali style","root_language":"Hindi","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"baṅglā","meaning":"House in the Bengali style.","children":[{"era":"1670s","word":"bungalow","meaning":"One-story thatched house.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"bungaló","meaning":"Bungalow.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Hindi"},"related_words":["Bengal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cottage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cabin","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"224f05b7-6599-4149-b213-c4b3a2300858","word":"bunk","definition":"A narrow bed, typically one of two or more arranged one above another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bunke","root_meaning":"bunch, heap","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*bʰengʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bunk","meaning":"narrow bed","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bunke","meaning":"bunch, heap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bankiz","meaning":"bench","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bank","bench","banquet","counter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"berth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"072ab76b-f872-4009-97cf-a44060b98ffc","word":"bunker","definition":"A reinforced underground shelter, typically for use in wartime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"búnker","language_family":"germanic","root":"bonkar","root_meaning":"chest, cupboard, compartment","root_language":"Scots","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bunker","meaning":"Reinforced shelter","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"bonkar","meaning":"chest, cupboard","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"bank","meaning":"bench","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bank","bench","bunk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dugout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stronghold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fortification","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"071421ab-807b-4b9f-95c9-1fe97a7d36c5","word":"burden","definition":"A heavy load, especially one that is to be carried or is causing hardship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"byrðen","root_meaning":"load, weight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burden","meaning":"A heavy load or hardship.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"burthen","meaning":"load","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"byrðen","meaning":"load, weight","children":[{"era":"early CE","word":"*burthinaz","meaning":"load","children":[{"era":"5000-3000 BCE","word":"*bher-","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burdensome","unburden","overburden","burdening","bear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"load","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encumbrance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"9e931eec-2b44-4069-aae2-5a182b64b018","word":"bureau","definition":"An office or department for a specific purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"buró","language_family":"french","root":"burel","root_meaning":"coarse woolen cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"burra","meaning":"Coarse wool, shaggy garment.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"burel","meaning":"Coarse cloth, then desk covered in cloth.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"bureau","meaning":"Office, desk, department.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"buró","meaning":"Bureau, desk.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["bureaucracy","bureaucrat","bureaucratic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"office","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"department","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"30d5c595-3661-444f-8aa8-040f92910ac2","word":"bureaucracy","definition":"A system of government or management with many complicated rules and procedures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"burocracia","language_family":"greek","root":"bureau + kratos","root_meaning":"desk rule","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"bureau (French) + -kratía (-κρατία)","meaning":"Rule by the office desk. From French bureau (desk) + Greek kratos (power, rule).","children":[{"era":"1818","word":"bureaucracy","meaning":"Government by many officials.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"burocracia","meaning":"Bureaucracy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["bureaucrat","bureaucratic","democracy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"officialdom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"red tape","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b9eae7d6-910c-45f7-b2cb-0a8bc705098e","word":"burger","definition":"A shortened form of hamburger, referring to a patty of ground meat, typically beef, served in a bun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Hamburger","root_meaning":"from Hamburg (city in Germany)","root_language":"German","root_era":"1880s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burger","meaning":"meat patty in a bun","children":[{"era":"late 1800s","word":"hamburger","meaning":"sandwich with a patty from Hamburg-style steak","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Hamburger","meaning":"from Hamburg","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hamburger","cheeseburger","patty","sandwich"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sandwich","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meatball","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"36c3a292-cdfc-4e8d-ba3b-0a4b2dd5a683","word":"burglar","definition":"A person who illegally enters a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"burgler","root_meaning":"to break into a fortified place","root_language":"Anglo-Norman French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burglar","meaning":"housebreaker","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"burgler","meaning":"burglar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"burgier","meaning":"to break into a fortified place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"burg","meaning":"fortified town","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bhergh-","meaning":"fort, hill, mound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["borough","burg","bourgeois","iceberg"],"synonyms":[{"word":"housebreaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robber","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"63bb6be8-936a-42c2-b150-749e39c09c83","word":"burglary","definition":"Illegal entry into a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"burg-","root_meaning":"fortress, castle, fortified town","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500 CE","proto_root":"*bʰerǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1530s","word":"burglary","meaning":"housebreaking, theft","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"burglar","meaning":"housebreaker","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"burg","meaning":"fortified town","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*burgz","meaning":"fort, castle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burg","borough","fortress","burgher","Edinburgh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break-in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robbery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"housebreaking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"1030f606-d2c8-48a3-bf8b-d0608cbe3fe0","word":"burgundy","definition":"A dark red wine from Burgundy, and by extension the deep red color associated with it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"borgoña","language_family":"french","root":"Burgundia","root_meaning":"land of the Burgundians","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"late antiquity","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burgundy","meaning":"a dark red wine or the deep red color named for it","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Bourgogne / Burgundy","meaning":"the Burgundy region of France","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"Burgundia","meaning":"land of the Burgundians","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"Burgundians","meaning":"a Germanic people","children":[],"language":"Germanic ethnonym"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Burgundian","Bourgogne","borgoña","Burgundy wine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maroon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"claret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wine-red","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"4ae5e32b-2c25-47d5-aff3-32f232074118","word":"burial","definition":"The act or ceremony of burying a dead body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"byrgan","root_meaning":"to hide, to bury","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhergh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burial","meaning":"The act or ceremony of burying a dead body.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"burial","meaning":"the act of burying","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"byrgels","meaning":"tomb, sepulcher","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"byrgan","meaning":"to bury, to hide","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bhergh-","meaning":"to hide, protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bury","barrow","burgh","borough","berg"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inhumation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"funeral","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"519c77eb-00ec-4d6e-8f12-4519e0ebc499","word":"burke","definition":"To silently suppress or ignore; to murder someone by suffocation so as to leave the body unmarked.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Burke","root_meaning":"from William Burke, an Irish murderer","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burke","meaning":"to suppress or murder","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Burke","meaning":"proper name of murderer","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suffocate","murder","stifle","suppress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stifle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suppress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smother","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"9232c8e6-bd09-4d46-97f4-05b2b42db683","word":"burn","definition":"To consume or damage with fire or heat.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brennan","root_meaning":"to burn, set on fire","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burn","meaning":"to be consumed by fire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brennan","meaning":"to burn","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*brennana","meaning":"to burn","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhreu-","meaning":"to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brand","brunt","brimstone","brew","burnt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scorch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"char","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ignite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incinerate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"9ece0617-01b2-4e5d-9b63-9a95f8198efe","word":"burner","definition":"A device that produces a flame or heat, especially as part of a stove, lamp, or heater.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brennan","root_meaning":"to burn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burner","meaning":"device that burns","children":[{"era":"current","word":"burn","meaning":"to be on fire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brennan","meaning":"to burn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burn","burning","brand","burnt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"element","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hob","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"485fc5f9-79d8-4861-b012-1767dc5fce05","word":"burrow","definition":"A hole or tunnel in the ground made by an animal for shelter or refuge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"burh / burgh","root_meaning":"fortified place, stronghold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bhergh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burrow","meaning":"an animal's underground hole or tunnel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English burgh","meaning":"stronghold, fortress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *burgz","meaning":"fortified place","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"PIE *bhergh-","meaning":"high, hill, fortified place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["borough","burgh","burgher","burrowing","burrowed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"den","formality":"literary"},{"word":"tunnel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"3439c601-f891-4c84-a767-d745fbe495a9","word":"burst","definition":"Break suddenly and violently apart, scattering contents, or to suddenly begin to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"berstan","root_meaning":"to break, shatter, split","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰres-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"burst","meaning":"Break suddenly and violently apart, scattering contents, or to suddenly begin to do something.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"berstan","meaning":"to break, shatter, split","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*brestaną","meaning":"to burst","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blast","bruise","breakdown","brittle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explode","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rupture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shatter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"a912453f-a07c-4c46-ab63-01946c34b7ab","word":"bury","definition":"To place a dead body in the earth or a tomb.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"byrgan","root_meaning":"to raise a mound, to hide","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bherg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"Old English","word":"bury","meaning":"to inter a body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"byrgan","meaning":"to raise a mound, to hide, to bury","children":[{"era":"early Germanic","word":"*bherg-","meaning":"to conceal, to protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["barrow","burrow","burial","interment","grave","sepulchre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"entomb","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"c1d8892e-4841-466d-9cfc-26ed97c794b8","word":"bus","definition":"A large motor vehicle designed to carry passengers, typically on fixed routes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bús","language_family":"french","root":"French omnibus","root_meaning":"for everyone","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bus","meaning":"large passenger vehicle","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bus","meaning":"short for omnibus","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"omnibus","meaning":"for all people, for everyone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"omnis","meaning":"all","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["omnibus","busses","busload","bus-stop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motor coach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"minibus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shuttle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"551a66e6-181d-45be-ab11-da3576f6b4f4","word":"bush","definition":"A woody plant which is smaller than a tree and has several main stems growing from the base.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"busk","root_meaning":"bush, shrub","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bush","meaning":"woody shrub","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bush","meaning":"bush, shrub","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"busk","meaning":"bush, shrub","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bushel","bushy","bushing","bushland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shrub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thicket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrub","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"91f2f34d-4d36-4ba7-81e7-88b1fa68e895","word":"business","definition":"A commercial enterprise or the practice of buying and selling goods and services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bisig","root_meaning":"busy, occupied","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰuseh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"business","meaning":"commercial enterprise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"businesses","meaning":"state of being busy, occupation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bisig","meaning":"busy, occupied","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["busy","busily","businesses","businessman","businesslike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commerce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enterprise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outfit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"69241ffa-b3c8-4f13-88b0-53e315dbb422","word":"businesses","definition":"Plural of business; commercial enterprises or organizations engaged in trade or commerce.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"busy","root_meaning":"occupied, engaged in activity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*busi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"businesses","meaning":"plural of business","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"business","meaning":"the state of being busy; occupation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"busy","meaning":"occupied, engaged","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["business","busy","busied","busily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enterprises","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"companies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firms","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"03fc39cd-b016-4d6b-bb7e-08d0f8d19bc8","word":"businessman","definition":"A man who works in business, especially one in a position of authority or responsibility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"busyness","root_meaning":"state of being busy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"businessman","meaning":"man in business","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"business","meaning":"occupation, trade","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"busyness","meaning":"state of being busy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bisig","meaning":"diligent, active","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"man","meaning":"adult male human","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"person, human being","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["business","busyness","man","woman","human"],"synonyms":[{"word":"executive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entrepreneur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tycoon","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"2d18c00d-fa12-4c0d-bd10-f74699847699","word":"bust","definition":"A sculptured representation of the upper body, or to break something suddenly; also slang for an arrest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"busto","language_family":"french","root":"busto","root_meaning":"trunk of the body","root_language":"Italian/French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bust","meaning":"sculpture of upper body; to break; arrest","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"buste","meaning":"upper body, torso","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"busto","meaning":"trunk of the body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bustum","meaning":"funeral monument, tomb","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["busted","busting","buster","robust","combust","combustion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sculpture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"bdaf2047-5aab-4af0-9bf8-aee4661e1a02","word":"buster","definition":"A person or thing that breaks or destroys something; a familiar term of address for a boy or man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"burst","root_meaning":"to break suddenly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*brestan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buster","meaning":"something that breaks; term of address","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bust","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"burst","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"berstan","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-400","word":"*brestan","meaning":"to burst","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["burst","bustle","robust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destroyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lad","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chap","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"28eb2056-f5f6-4b25-a1a7-f737f7c678dd","word":"busy","definition":"Having a great deal to do.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bisig","root_meaning":"diligent, occupied","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*busagaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"busy","meaning":"having a great deal to do","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bisig","meaning":"diligent, active, occupied","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*busagaz","meaning":"diligent, active","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["business","busily","busyness","bustle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occupied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engaged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"active","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"working","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"c9b50aae-7c25-4622-a370-2712585f7fed","word":"but","definition":"used to introduce a phrase or clause that contrasts with what has been said.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"butan","root_meaning":"to thrust out, put out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bheud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"but","meaning":"conjunction of contrast","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"but","meaning":"except, only, however","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"butan","meaning":"to thrust out, except","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["butt","button","outer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"however","formality":"formal"},{"word":"yet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"though","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"still","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"72589d00-9e4c-4191-bafa-996a612ec094","word":"butch","definition":"Denoting or relating to a person, especially a woman, whose appearance or behavior is traditionally associated with men; masculine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1940s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"butch","meaning":"masculine-presenting woman","children":[{"era":"1940s","word":"butch","meaning":"possibly from 'butcher' or 'tough'","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["butchery","butcher","masculine","tough"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masculine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mannish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tough","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"60a7c98c-7aff-450e-b19c-6225bc779de6","word":"butler","definition":"The chief male servant of a household, traditionally responsible for the wine cellar and supervising other staff.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"bouteillier","root_meaning":"bottle-bearer","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"butler","meaning":"chief male servant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"boteler","meaning":"wine steward","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bouteillier","meaning":"bottle-bearer","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"botel","meaning":"bottle","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bottle","buttery","bottler","sommelier","majordomo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"majordomo","formality":"formal"},{"word":"house manager","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"a9438b8d-a5c9-4c5e-b35e-11af0c883a8a","word":"butt","definition":"The thicker end of something; a target for an attack or criticism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"but","root_meaning":"aim, goal, target","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"butt","meaning":"The thicker end of something; a target.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"but","meaning":"aim, goal, target","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abut","buttress","butt (verb)","rebut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"target","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"58534899-910e-4567-bf64-d31137dbc8d0","word":"butter","definition":"A pale yellow edible fatty substance made by churning cream and used as a spread or in cooking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"butyrum","root_meaning":"butter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwow-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"butter","meaning":"A pale yellow edible fatty substance.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"butere","meaning":"butter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"butyrum","meaning":"butter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"boutyron","meaning":"cow cheese","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buttery","buttercup","buttermilk","butterfat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"margarine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ghee","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"c349f03b-0dd1-47ee-ba5f-d31e0dc35b28","word":"butterfly","definition":"An insect with four large, often brightly colored wings, a slender body, and antennae with clubbed ends.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"butere, flyge","root_meaning":"butter, flying insect","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰewt-, *plew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"butterfly","meaning":"An insect with four large, often brightly colored wings","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"butorflēoge","meaning":"butterfly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"butere","meaning":"butter","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flēoge","meaning":"fly, flying insect","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["butter","fly","flutter","dragonfly","moth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lepidopteran","formality":"technical"},{"word":"insect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monarch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"painted lady","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"a1ec88cb-4ea6-405a-802a-510bb78dce2c","word":"buttock","definition":"Either of the rounded fleshy parts of the human posterior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"buttuc","root_meaning":"end; stump; short piece","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buttock","meaning":"one of the two fleshy rounded parts of the human posterior","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"buttok","meaning":"buttock; rounded end","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"buttuc","meaning":"end; stump; small piece","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["butt","buttocks","butted","butting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rump","formality":"informal"},{"word":"backside","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"3a493926-148c-41c2-99d0-d89d9424b3a7","word":"button","definition":"A small fastener sewn or fixed to clothing, or a device pressed to operate something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"botón","language_family":"french","root":"boter","root_meaning":"to thrust, push","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"button","meaning":"fastener or control device","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"button","meaning":"small knob","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"bouton","meaning":"bud, button, knob","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"boter","meaning":"to thrust, push, bud","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buttonhole","rebut","rebuttal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fastener","formality":"formal"},{"word":"knob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"4f535184-9154-4acb-a072-2038859aa8b2","word":"buy","definition":"To obtain in exchange for money; to purchase","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bycgan","root_meaning":"to buy, sell","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bugjanan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"buy","meaning":"to obtain by paying money","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bycgan","meaning":"to buy, acquire","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bugjanan-","meaning":"to buy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bought","buyer","buyout","buying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purchase","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acquire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pick up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:17:11.578Z"}
{"id":"8a6386f7-542d-4413-b1ce-63b13b916ad7","word":"buyer","definition":"A person who purchases goods or services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comprador","language_family":"germanic","root":"bycgan","root_meaning":"to buy, to purchase","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bukōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"buyer","meaning":"one who buys","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"buy","meaning":"to purchase, to acquire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bycgan","meaning":"to buy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buy","buying","buyout","buyer's market"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purchaser","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consumer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"customer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"client","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"f4581588-8e31-43bf-8d0b-9fd93f87057a","word":"buying","definition":"The act of purchasing or acquiring something in exchange for money.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bycgan","root_meaning":"to purchase","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buying","meaning":"purchasing something","children":[{"era":"current","word":"buy","meaning":"to purchase","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bycgan","meaning":"to purchase","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buy","buyer","buyout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purchasing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acquiring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"getting","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"2ce29fc2-3fba-40ba-84c4-4a412fa9eac5","word":"buzz","definition":"A low, continuous humming or murmuring sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"buzz","root_meaning":"sound of bees","root_language":"English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buzz","meaning":"A low, continuous humming or murmuring sound","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"buzz","meaning":"onomatopoeic imitation of sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hum","whir","hiss","drone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"90887b4c-392f-40ca-8e0f-8fd070a4331f","word":"buzzer","definition":"An electrical device that makes a buzzing sound, often used as a signal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"buzz","root_meaning":"to make a low, continuous humming sound","root_language":"English (imitative)","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"buzzer","meaning":"A device making a buzzing sound","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"buzz","meaning":"to make a humming sound","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"busse","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buzz","buzzing","whir","hum","hiss"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alarm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"d68c16ec-dd52-4e43-b571-93d19f47aff7","word":"bye","definition":"The position of a competitor in a tournament who advances to the next round without playing an opponent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bi","root_meaning":"by, near","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ambhi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bye","meaning":"tournament pass","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"by","meaning":"by, near","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ambi","meaning":"around","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ambhi-","meaning":"around","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bygone","bypass","byword","byway","standby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"walkover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advancement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"4c80c480-0a1d-437f-8800-c2021c068ee7","word":"bygone","definition":"Bygone means belonging to an earlier time or no longer current.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bygone","meaning":"belonging to an earlier time; past","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"by","meaning":"near, beside, past","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bi","meaning":"near, by","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"gone","meaning":"departed, passed away","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"go","meaning":"to move from one place to another","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","gone","going","goer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"past","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"former","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"previous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"731addd4-a2ca-4561-8175-b9296dff0e9d","word":"byte","definition":"A unit of digital information typically consisting of eight bits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"byte","root_meaning":"A unit of information, coined by Werner Buchholz.","root_language":"English","root_era":"1950s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"byte","meaning":"A unit of digital information","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bit","nibble","word","kilobyte"],"synonyms":[{"word":"octet","formality":"technical"},{"word":"data unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"6cb390d5-ce95-441b-882c-1bbea7b372e9","word":"bytes","definition":"Plural of byte; units of computer memory consisting of eight bits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"byte","root_meaning":"a unit of digital information","root_language":"English (coined)","root_era":"1950s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"bytes","meaning":"plural of byte, units of computer data","children":[{"era":"1956","word":"byte","meaning":"unit of 8 bits of data","children":[{"era":"1949","word":"bit","meaning":"binary digit (0 or 1)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English (American)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["byte","bit","kilobyte","megabyte","gigabyte"],"synonyms":[{"word":"octets","formality":"technical"},{"word":"data units","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"2d4f96cd-8c56-4236-b1f5-eb25361bf4f1","word":"cab","definition":"A taxi.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"cabriolet","root_meaning":"light horse-drawn carriage","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cab","meaning":"A taxi.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"cabriolet","meaning":"light horse-drawn carriage","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carriage","taxi","hackney"],"synonyms":[{"word":"taxi","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taxicab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hack","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"9943e111-d864-41da-b2dd-bc7234965d34","word":"cabaret","definition":"A cabaret is a small venue or show combining music, comedy, dance, or other entertainment, often with food or drink.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cabaret","meaning":"a small entertainment venue or performance style","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"cabaret","meaning":"small tavern or entertainment venue","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"cabaret/caberet","meaning":"earlier regional form of the word; origin uncertain","children":[],"language":"Picard / Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cabarets","cabaretier","cabaret-style","cabaretist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nightclub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"music hall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revue theater","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"847f2c53-5b01-43ac-893f-734a88edbf20","word":"cabinet","definition":"A piece of furniture with shelves or drawers for storing or displaying articles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gabinete","language_family":"french","root":"cabine","root_meaning":"small cabin or cell","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cabinet","meaning":"storage furniture","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cabinet","meaning":"small room, private room","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cabine","meaning":"small cabin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*capanna","meaning":"hut","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cabin","cab","capanna"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cupboard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"console","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"2963b0ac-9a31-4dcf-804b-8e97c26b176a","word":"cable","definition":"A thick rope or wire, or a telecommunications transmission line.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cable","language_family":"latin","root":"capulum","root_meaning":"rope, handle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cable","meaning":"thick rope or wire","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cable","meaning":"rope, cable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capulum","meaning":"rope, handle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cables","cabled","cabling","cablegram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"ec5386fc-a56a-4feb-809f-b9fa894d23c9","word":"cache","definition":"A hiding place, especially one in the ground, or a collection of items stored in a hidden or inaccessible place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caché","language_family":"french","root":"cacher","root_meaning":"to hide","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cache","meaning":"a hidden store of things","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"cache","meaning":"hiding place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cacher","meaning":"to hide","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conceal","cachet","hiding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hideaway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"274123c1-e0bf-4960-a0bc-4ab8813be171","word":"cackle","definition":"To cackle is to make a harsh, clattering laugh or hen-like sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cackle","meaning":"to make a hen-like or harsh laughing noise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cacklen","meaning":"to cackle or chatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"imitative origin","meaning":"echoic imitation of a hen's cry","children":[],"language":"other"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cackled","cackling","cackler","cackleberry","cachinnation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cluck","formality":"informal"},{"word":"guffaw","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"15f1a858-94df-4585-8a0a-d3b0e0d02c9c","word":"cactus","definition":"A spiny succulent plant of the family Cactaceae.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cacto","language_family":"latin","root":"kaktos","root_meaning":"thistle or prickly plant","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cactus","meaning":"a spiny succulent plant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cactus","meaning":"a prickly plant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kaktos","meaning":"thistle or prickly plant","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cacti","cactoid","cactaceous","Cactaceae","cactiform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"succulent","formality":"technical"},{"word":"xerophyte","formality":"technical"},{"word":"prickly plant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"fc1bfbfb-9cc6-4031-8e84-21f9bb27bf15","word":"cadaver","definition":"A dead human body, especially one used for dissection or study.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cadáver","language_family":"latin","root":"cadaver","root_meaning":"dead body, corpse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"cadere","meaning":"To fall.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cadaver","meaning":"Fallen body, corpse.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cadaver","meaning":"Corpse, especially for dissection.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"cadáver","meaning":"Cadaver, corpse.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["cadaverous","decay","cascade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corpse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remains","formality":"formal"},{"word":"body","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"7c5cf379-e59e-43fa-bb72-d14fde517f5c","word":"caesar","definition":"A title used for Roman emperors after Julius Caesar; a powerful ruler or dictator.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"césar","language_family":"latin","root":"Caesar","root_meaning":"(Roman family name)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Caesar","meaning":"Roman emperor title","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Caesar","meaning":"Roman family name","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kaiser","tsar","Caesarean","caesarism","Julius"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emperor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dictator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"autocrat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"60fca3a8-4898-4553-b8b7-320ed32522a1","word":"cafe","definition":"A small restaurant serving coffee, light meals, and snacks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"café","language_family":"other","root":"qahwa","root_meaning":"coffee, wine","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~900 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~900 AD","word":"qahwa","meaning":"Originally wine, later coffee.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"kahveh","meaning":"Coffee.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"café","meaning":"Coffee, coffee house.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"cafe","meaning":"Coffee shop.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"café","meaning":"Coffee, cafe.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["coffee","cafeteria","caffeine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coffeehouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bistro","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diner","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"aafd9f31-bb0a-4ac0-b34d-56ed8dd54df4","word":"cage","definition":"A structure of bars or wires for confining animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jaula","language_family":"french","root":"cage","root_meaning":"cage, prison","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cavea","meaning":"Hollow place, enclosure, cage.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cage","meaning":"Cage, prison, enclosure.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cage","meaning":"An enclosure for animals.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"jaula","meaning":"Cage.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["caged","caging","uncaged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enclosure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"cf314a9d-3e82-4b73-90ea-6195c2d72bbc","word":"cain","definition":"A biblical male given name, the eldest son of Adam and Eve in the Abrahamic religions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Caín","language_family":"other","root":"Qayin","root_meaning":"acquire, create","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Cain","meaning":"biblical male given name","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Qayin","meaning":"acquire, create","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["Abel","Seth","Cainite","Cain's legacy"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"8b01d757-5627-4191-9cea-b483f20d3611","word":"cake","definition":"An item of soft, sweet food made from a mixture of flour, shortening, eggs, sugar, and other ingredients, baked and often decorated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kaka","root_meaning":"cake","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cake","meaning":"An item of soft, sweet food.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kaka","meaning":"cake","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cook","cookie","kitchen","bake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pastry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dessert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bun","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"3768e0c7-dd64-4c8d-a1dd-5cf66992f3b1","word":"calamity","definition":"A sudden event causing great damage, loss, or distress.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"calamidad","language_family":"latin","root":"calamitas","root_meaning":"loss, damage; disaster","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calamity","meaning":"a sudden event causing great damage, loss, or distress","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"calamité","meaning":"calamity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calamitās","meaning":"loss, damage; disaster","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calamitous","calamitously","calamitousness","calamitist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disaster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catastrophe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"misfortune","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"c2baa7bd-5d2e-4f2b-bbbb-3bc678e6b248","word":"calcium","definition":"A soft, silvery-white metallic element, occurring in various minerals such as limestone and gypsum, and forming an essential part of bones, teeth, and shells.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"calcio","language_family":"latin","root":"calx","root_meaning":"lime, limestone, pebble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calcium","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calx","meaning":"lime, limestone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kal-","meaning":"hard stone","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calcify","calcine","chalk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Ca","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bone mineral","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"a801f02a-c41e-485c-8287-954b728b1f5b","word":"calculate","definition":"To determine or ascertain by mathematical methods; compute.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"calcular","language_family":"latin","root":"calculare","root_meaning":"to compute, reckon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calculate","meaning":"To determine or ascertain by mathematical methods; compute.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calculare","meaning":"to compute, reckon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calculus","meaning":"a small stone, pebble (used for counting)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calculation","calculator","incalculable","miscalculate","calculus","recalculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estimate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"2b336245-cd25-49cb-813a-7618b12d6357","word":"calculation","definition":"The process or result of using numbers to find out an amount or value.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"calculación","language_family":"latin","root":"calculare","root_meaning":"to reckon, compute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calculation","meaning":"The process of computing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calculatio","meaning":"a reckoning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calculare","meaning":"to reckon, compute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calculus","meaning":"small stone, pebble (used for counting)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calculate","calculator","calculus","calculable","incalculable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"computation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckoning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estimation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"49a4dd35-10f0-454f-b5ab-c63fe003661a","word":"calculator","definition":"A device used for performing arithmetic operations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"calculadora","language_family":"latin","root":"calculare","root_meaning":"to count, reckon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calculator","meaning":"device for arithmetic","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"calculator","meaning":"one who calculates","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calculare","meaning":"to count, reckon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calculus","meaning":"pebble used for counting","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calculate","calculus","calculation","calculable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"computer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckoner","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"82f81300-38c1-479d-b15a-10cb16c2c7e8","word":"calendar","definition":"A system for organizing days into weeks, months, and years; a table or chart showing dates.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"calendario","language_family":"latin","root":"calendae","root_meaning":"the first day of the month","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calendar","meaning":"system of organizing time into days and months","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"calendar","meaning":"calendar, list of holy days","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calendarium","meaning":"account book, calendar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calendae","meaning":"first day of the month","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calendars","calendrical","calendar-based"],"synonyms":[{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"almanac","formality":"formal"},{"word":"datebook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"3df82f5e-5c1b-4d49-8022-9c8306f0cf1e","word":"calf","definition":"A young bovine animal; also, the fleshy back part of the human leg below the knee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cealf","root_meaning":"young animal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kalbaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calf","meaning":"young animal or leg part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cealf","meaning":"young animal","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kalbaz","meaning":"young animal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calve","calving","calves","kälbern (German)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"youngster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gastrocnemius","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lower leg","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"435562f0-f448-41fc-936d-559853748001","word":"california","definition":"A state on the west coast of the United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"California","language_family":"other","root":"Las Sergas de Esplandián","root_meaning":"from a Spanish novel describing a mythical island","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1510s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"California","meaning":"U.S. state on the Pacific coast","children":[{"era":"1510s","word":"California","meaning":"mythical island from Spanish literature","children":[],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Californian","Californian English"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Golden State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"CA","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"b90ec152-cd14-4c35-99e8-1b9dfc7627ea","word":"call","definition":"To cry out; to telephone; to give a name to","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kalla","root_meaning":"to call out, summon","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*kallōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"call","meaning":"to shout; to phone; to name","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kalla","meaning":"to call, summon, name","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kallōn-","meaning":"to cry out, call","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["called","calling","caller","recall","callback","roll-call"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summon","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holler","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"78113550-dcb0-4c4c-a2b9-7a8380eb372b","word":"called","definition":"Past tense of call; summoned or named.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceallian","root_meaning":"to shout, call out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"called","meaning":"past tense of call","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"call","meaning":"to shout, summon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceallian","meaning":"to call out","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["call","caller","calling","recall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summoned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"named","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"e1cc0e08-55e4-4578-b2a2-b530b079e551","word":"caller","definition":"A person who makes a call, especially by telephone or for a social visit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kalla","root_meaning":"to call, summon, shout","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caller","meaning":"A person who makes a call.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"call","meaning":"to summon, shout","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kalla","meaning":"to call, summon, shout","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*gal-","meaning":"to call, shout","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["call","challenge","clamor","council"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visitor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"telephoner","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"6c9b776b-fd66-452f-92ea-4c2c0c18ce52","word":"calling","definition":"A strong urge or inclination to pursue a particular occupation or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"call","root_meaning":"to cry out, summon","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calling","meaning":"a vocation or strong urge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"call","meaning":"to cry out, summon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kallask","meaning":"to call oneself","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["call","caller","callable","called","uncalled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vocation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"profession","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occupation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"051b3110-a857-4f43-ba59-2d56ded2162e","word":"calls","definition":"Loud utterances or shouts; or instances of telephoning someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"llamadas","language_family":"germanic","root":"ceallan","root_meaning":"to cry out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calls","meaning":"utterances or phone connections","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"call","meaning":"to cry out, shout","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceallan","meaning":"to cry out","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["call","calling","called","caller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shouts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cries","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phone calls","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"a81a7545-d12c-4c2a-b6b2-0eab2544fff3","word":"calm","definition":"Not showing or feeling nervousness or strong emotions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"calma","language_family":"french","root":"calme","root_meaning":"tranquility, quiet","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"cauma","meaning":"Heat of the midday sun, rest during heat.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"calme","meaning":"Tranquility, stillness.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"calm","meaning":"Peaceful, tranquil.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"calma","meaning":"Calm, tranquility.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["calmly","calmness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"serene","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peaceful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chill","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"31d085ee-cf13-43cf-aa3b-66b2dccb68fe","word":"calorie","definition":"A calorie is a unit of energy used to measure the heat value of food and fuel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caloría","language_family":"latin","root":"calor","root_meaning":"heat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"calorie","meaning":"a unit of energy used to measure the heat value of food and fuel","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"calorie","meaning":"a unit of heat or energy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calor","meaning":"heat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caloric","calorific","calorimeter","calorimetry","kilocalorie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kilocalorie","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heat unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"ec995bd4-788c-4cb5-8518-7ba56955bb43","word":"cam","definition":"A rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice versa.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kam","root_meaning":"comb, cog-wheel","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*kambaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cam","meaning":"A rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"kam","meaning":"comb, cog-wheel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kambaz","meaning":"comb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comb","camber","camshaft","gear","interlock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lobe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cog","formality":"technical"},{"word":"eccentric","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"2083a455-05c0-4028-94ce-5247f6d31ae4","word":"camcorder","definition":"A portable electronic device that combines the functions of a video camera and a video recorder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"late 20th century","word":"camcorder","meaning":"video camera and recorder combined","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"camera","meaning":"photographic apparatus","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"camera obscura","meaning":"dark chamber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"camera","meaning":"vaulted room","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin/Italian"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"14th century","word":"recorder","meaning":"device for recording","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"recorder","meaning":"to recall, relate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recordari","meaning":"to call to mind, remember","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["camera","record","video","tape","film"],"synonyms":[{"word":"video camera","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handycam","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"66fca943-9206-410a-b372-bcb043f2c13c","word":"came","definition":"Past tense of come, indicating arrival or movement toward a point.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"come","root_meaning":"to move toward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"came","meaning":"past tense of come","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"come","meaning":"to move toward","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*gwem-","meaning":"to go, come","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["come","coming","comer","comeback"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrived","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appeared","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approached","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"d9b5180b-a4d6-4922-872c-305e1f389adf","word":"camel","definition":"A large, long-necked ruminant mammal with a humped back, native to deserts of Asia and Africa.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"camello","language_family":"greek","root":"kamēlos","root_meaning":"camel","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"camel","meaning":"A large, long-necked ruminant mammal with a humped back.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"camel","meaning":"camel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"camelus","meaning":"camel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kamēlos","meaning":"camel","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"(unspecified Semitic root)","meaning":"camel","children":[],"language":"Semitic"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dromedary","camelopard","chameau"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dromedary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bactrian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"desert ship","formality":"literary"},{"word":"pack animal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"c25c00c1-f644-4e4e-aa1e-dea0488c75f8","word":"camera","definition":"A device for recording visual images as photographs or video.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cámara","language_family":"latin","root":"camera","root_meaning":"vaulted chamber","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"kamara","meaning":"Vaulted chamber, arched roof.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"camera","meaning":"Vaulted room.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"camera obscura","meaning":"Dark chamber used for projection.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"camera","meaning":"Optical imaging device.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cámara","meaning":"Chamber, camera.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["chamber","comrade","cameraman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recorder","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cam","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lens","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"be42bcf6-ac67-4bc4-812d-a9e6104c005b","word":"cameraman","definition":"A person whose profession is to operate a film or television camera.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"camera + man","root_meaning":"chamber + human male","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cameraman","meaning":"camera operator","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"camera","meaning":"obscura camera","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"camera","meaning":"chamber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kamara","meaning":"vaulted chamber","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"man","meaning":"adult male human","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"human being","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["camera","man","cinematography","photographer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cinematographer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"videographer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cameraperson","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"f0b34aea-223f-47da-ba37-03d192397efc","word":"cameras","definition":"Devices for taking photographs or recording videos.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cámara","language_family":"latin","root":"camera","root_meaning":"chamber, vault, room","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cameras","meaning":"photographic or video recording devices","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"camera","meaning":"device for capturing images","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"camera obscura","meaning":"dark chamber","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["camera-shy","cameraman","camera-work","photographic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"camcorder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"film camera","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digital camera","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"0d8663f1-7f15-494d-8925-e1d780a3d114","word":"camouflage","definition":"Material, coloring, or a pattern used to blend an object into its surroundings, or the act of disguising it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"camoufler","root_meaning":"to disguise","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"camouflage","meaning":"disguise; concealment by blending into surroundings","children":[{"era":"1917","word":"camouflage","meaning":"disguise; military concealment","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"camoufler","meaning":"to disguise","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"camuffare","meaning":"to disguise","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["camouflaged","camouflaging","camouflager","camo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disguise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concealment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"masking","formality":"technical"},{"word":"screening","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"1df231b7-549b-4086-8ff7-b360a4a97c93","word":"camp","definition":"A temporary settlement of tents or cabins, or to stay temporarily in a tent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"campo","language_family":"latin","root":"campus","root_meaning":"field, plain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"camp","meaning":"temporary settlement or field","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"camp","meaning":"military encampment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"campe","meaning":"field, encampment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campus","meaning":"field, plain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["camping","camper","encampment","campaign"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encampment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tent site","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bivouac","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"78c51184-1069-4f16-b58a-1d62dc368c18","word":"campaign","definition":"A series of military operations or a connected set of operations with a particular objective.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"campaña","language_family":"latin","root":"campania","root_meaning":"countryside, open field","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"campaign","meaning":"series of coordinated operations","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"campaign","meaning":"series of military operations","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"campagne","meaning":"military campaign, countryside","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"campania","meaning":"open countryside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campus","meaning":"field, plain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["campaigns","campaigner","campaigning","campus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crusade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drive","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.972Z"}
{"id":"72702300-9f33-4914-849e-be9bb60fefe4","word":"camper","definition":"A camper is a person who camps or stays in a tent, cabin, or vehicle outdoors.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"campo","language_family":"latin","root":"campus","root_meaning":"field, open land","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"camper","meaning":"a person who camps","children":[{"era":"Middle English to Modern English","word":"camp + -er","meaning":"agent noun formed from camp","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"camp","meaning":"field, encampment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campus","meaning":"field, plain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["camp","camping","camped","campground","campfire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"camper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"camper-traveler","formality":"informal"},{"word":"outdoorsman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"447138d6-0748-4125-862e-7971d9560f58","word":"campus","definition":"The grounds and buildings of a university or college.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"campus","language_family":"latin","root":"campus","root_meaning":"field, plain, level ground","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"campus","meaning":"university or college grounds","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"campus","meaning":"school or college grounds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campus","meaning":"field, plain, level ground","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["campground","encampment","scamper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grounds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facility","formality":"technical"},{"word":"premises","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"ec4391a7-e8be-484d-b400-fa4830533dda","word":"can","definition":"Modal verb indicating ability, capability, permission, or possibility.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cunnan","root_meaning":"to know, be able","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gno","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"can","meaning":"modal verb of ability","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"can","meaning":"to know, be able, can","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*gno","meaning":"to know, discern","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["could","kenning","keen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"is able to","formality":"formal"},{"word":"may","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"218c6884-da82-4ce9-a220-18b727bc9d9f","word":"canada","definition":"A country in North America, north of the United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"kanata","root_meaning":"village, settlement","root_language":"Iroquoian","root_era":"pre-colonial","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Canada","meaning":"North American country","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Canada","meaning":"the settlement","children":[{"era":"pre-colonial","word":"kanata","meaning":"village, settlement","children":[],"language":"Iroquoian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Canadian","Canadianism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Dominion of Canada","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"bd9a71aa-6979-4e43-ba57-4382347d35e1","word":"canadian","definition":"Of or relating to Canada or its inhabitants, culture, or characteristics.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"canadiense","language_family":"other","root":"Canada","root_meaning":"the country name, from Iroquoian 'kanata' meaning village","root_language":"Iroquoian/French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"canadian","meaning":"of or from Canada","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Canadian","meaning":"inhabitant of Canada","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Canada","meaning":"the country","children":[{"era":"pre-contact","word":"kanata","meaning":"village","children":[],"language":"Iroquoian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Canada","Canadien","Canadians"],"synonyms":[{"word":"from Canada","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Dominion","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"249462c8-4216-4885-9366-151065ecdd6b","word":"canal","definition":"An artificial waterway constructed for navigation, irrigation, or drainage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"canal","language_family":"latin","root":"canalis","root_meaning":"pipe, groove, channel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"canal","meaning":"artificial waterway","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"canal","meaning":"channel, conduit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"canalis","meaning":"pipe, groove, channel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"canna","meaning":"reed, small tube","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["channel","cannula","cane","cannon","canyon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"waterway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conduit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"trench","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"a7433099-5171-44b1-b1e2-b3a04081be43","word":"canary","definition":"A small songbird native to the Canary Islands, often kept for its singing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"canario","language_family":"latin","root":"canis","root_meaning":"dog","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱwṓn","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"canary","meaning":"a small songbird native to the Canary Islands","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"canarie","meaning":"canary bird","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"canario","meaning":"of the Canary Islands; canary bird","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Canariae Insulae","meaning":"the Canary Islands, literally island(s) of dogs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"canis","meaning":"dog","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Canary Islands","canine","canid","canicular","cynic","canis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"songbird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warbler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"c65cc239-cf72-44f4-82ad-e13b71b9e8c7","word":"cancel","definition":"To decide or announce that something arranged will not take place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cancelar","language_family":"latin","root":"cancellare","root_meaning":"to make like a lattice, cross out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cancel","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"canceller","meaning":"to cross out, cancel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cancellare","meaning":"to make like a lattice, cross out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cancelli","meaning":"lattice, grating","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chancel","chancery","lattice","cancellation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revoke","formality":"formal"},{"word":"annul","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"call off","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"f67799f5-fb87-4bd1-a6b0-55c0a27d0ed0","word":"cancer","definition":"A disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cáncer","language_family":"latin","root":"cancer","root_meaning":"crab","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cancer","meaning":"malignant disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cancer","meaning":"crab","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"karkinos","meaning":"crab (named for crab-like appearance of tumors)","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carcinogenic","carcinoma","Cancer (zodiac sign)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"malignancy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tumor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"neoplasm","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"71791890-fb92-4a43-9dbe-ed9c02676059","word":"candidate","definition":"A person who is formally nominated for an election or appointed to a position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"candidato","language_family":"latin","root":"candidatus","root_meaning":"clothed in white","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kh₂nd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"candidate","meaning":"person seeking office","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"candidate","meaning":"one seeking office, clothed in white","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"candidus","meaning":"white, pure, bright","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["candid","incandescent","candle","candor","whitewash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nominee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"applicant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aspirant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"f0350d47-5c75-46ed-b4ab-b3b940726554","word":"candle","definition":"A cylinder or block of wax or tallow with a central wick, which is lit to provide light as it burns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"candela","language_family":"latin","root":"candela","root_meaning":"candle, light","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kand-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"candle","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"candel","meaning":"candle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"candela","meaning":"candle, light","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"candere","meaning":"to shine, be white, glow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incandescent","candor","chandelier","candid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"taper","formality":"literary"},{"word":"wax light","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beacon","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"db2145fe-5419-487c-8cfa-10857aa0ec67","word":"candy","definition":"A sweet food made with sugar or syrup.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caramelo","language_family":"other","root":"qand","root_meaning":"crystallized sugar","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~900 AD","proto_root":"khaṇḍa (Sanskrit)","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"candy","meaning":"Sweet confection.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sukre candi","meaning":"Crystallized sugar.","children":[{"era":"~900 AD","word":"qand","meaning":"Crystallized sugar.","children":[{"era":"~500 BC","word":"khaṇḍa","meaning":"Piece, fragment of sugar.","language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["sugarcane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sweet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"treat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"24ff218b-c948-4198-9ec4-13069ae4d845","word":"cane","definition":"A long, thin, often flexible stem of certain plants, or a stick used for support.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caña","language_family":"latin","root":"canna","root_meaning":"reed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cane","meaning":"A long, thin stem or walking stick","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cane","meaning":"reed, cane","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"canna","meaning":"reed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["channel","cannon","canal","cannel","canister"],"synonyms":[{"word":"staff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rod","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"f1592d52-a538-4b7c-8e99-54e8372c729f","word":"cannibal","definition":"A person who eats the flesh of other human beings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caníbal","language_family":"other","root":"Caniba","root_meaning":"name used by Columbus for the Carib people of the Lesser Antilles, alleged to practice anthropophagy","root_language":"Arawakan","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cannibal","meaning":"one who eats human flesh","children":[{"era":"1490s","word":"canibal","meaning":"member of the Carib people; human flesh-eater","children":[{"era":"pre-1492","word":"Caniba","meaning":"the Carib people of the Caribbean islands","children":[],"language":"Arawakan"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cannibalism","cannibalistic","cannibalize","anthropophagy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anthropophagite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"man-eater","formality":"informal"},{"word":"anthropophagus","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"c76a485a-18e5-4221-89df-ff551baebc65","word":"cannon","definition":"A large, heavy piece of artillery, typically mounted on wheels, formerly used in warfare.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cañón","language_family":"latin","root":"canna","root_meaning":"reed, tube, pipe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cannon","meaning":"artillery gun","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"canon","meaning":"tube, cannon","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cannone","meaning":"large tube, cannon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"canna","meaning":"reed, tube","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["canon","canal","cane","channel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"artillery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gun","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordnance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"95dbd7eb-7a84-4a7b-9d85-e4b1846b710a","word":"cannot","definition":"Contraction of 'can not,' expressing inability or prohibition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*kunnan","root_meaning":"to know how, to be able","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cannot","meaning":"am/is/are not able to","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"can not","meaning":"am not able","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"can","meaning":"to know how, to be able","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kunnan","meaning":"to know, to be able","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"not","meaning":"negation particle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["can","could","cannot","uncanny","ken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unable to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incapable of","formality":"formal"},{"word":"can't","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"e1c49328-ab84-4730-87a9-482389ce6363","word":"canon","definition":"An authoritative rule or principle, or a collection of texts considered authentic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"canon","language_family":"greek","root":"kanon","root_meaning":"straight rod, rule, standard","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"canon","meaning":"rule, standard, or collection of works","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"canon","meaning":"church law, rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kanon","meaning":"measuring rod, rule, standard","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["canonical","canonize","canonic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"df16c849-c56e-4c7e-bf1d-c1245efa465f","word":"cant","definition":"Hypocritical and sanctimonious talk, typically of a religious, moral, or political nature; also, the jargon or slang of a particular group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"cantus","root_meaning":"song, chant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cant","meaning":"hypocritical talk or jargon","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"cant","meaning":"whining, hypocritical speech","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cantus","meaning":"song, chant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chant","incantation","recant","descant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hypocrisy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jargon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"platitudes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"a0ed865d-90f9-447a-974f-09aec4a8baa2","word":"canteen","definition":"A canteen is a container for carrying drinks, or a place where food and drinks are sold to a group such as soldiers or students.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cantina","language_family":"french","root":"cantina","root_meaning":"cellar; pantry","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"canteen","meaning":"a drink container or a place serving food and drink","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cantine","meaning":"refreshment stall; military mess","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cantina","meaning":"cellar; pantry","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cantina","canteens","canteener","canteenful","canteenette"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"water bottle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mess hall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"d4eb8172-e548-4993-9d41-e8b79b4b46ee","word":"canvas","definition":"A strong, coarse unbleached cloth made from hemp, flax, or a similar yarn, used to make sails, tents, and other items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cañamazo","language_family":"greek","root":"kánnabis","root_meaning":"hemp","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kan(n)ab-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"canvas","meaning":"strong cloth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"canevas","meaning":"canvas","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"canavaccio","meaning":"hemp cloth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cannabis","meaning":"hemp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"κάνναβις (kánnabis)","meaning":"hemp","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cannabis","canvass","hemp","flax"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cloth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sailcloth","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"7d4c2896-785f-459d-bb3f-4d162f7e6855","word":"cap","definition":"A close-fitting covering for the head with a brim or visor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capa","language_family":"latin","root":"cappa","root_meaning":"cloak, cape","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500-1000 CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cap","meaning":"head covering with brim","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cap","meaning":"cap, hood","children":[{"era":"600-800 CE","word":"cappa","meaning":"cloak, cape, covering","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cape","capon","captain","capture","capacious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"headgear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bonnet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crown","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"e840c360-4c8a-4afb-943f-a0b5c1fbf348","word":"capability","definition":"The ability or power to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capacidad","language_family":"latin","root":"capere","root_meaning":"to take, seize, hold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"capability","meaning":"The ability or power to do something.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"capable","meaning":"having the ability","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"capabilis","meaning":"susceptible, able to contain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize, hold","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capable","capacity","capture","accept","receive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capacity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"potential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aptitude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"24b66211-b313-42e8-b794-5be0702bed32","word":"capable","definition":"Having the ability or quality necessary to do or achieve something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"capaz","language_family":"latin","root":"capabilis","root_meaning":"able to hold or contain, able to comprehend","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"Late Latin","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"capable","meaning":"having ability","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"capable","meaning":"able to seize or hold","children":[{"era":"Late Latin","word":"capabilis","meaning":"able to hold or contain","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"capax","meaning":"large, ample","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize, hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capacity","capture","conceive","accept"],"synonyms":[{"word":"able","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proficient","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"d95681df-03c1-4397-8934-5061b954ebc9","word":"capacity","definition":"The maximum amount that something can hold or the ability to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capacidad","language_family":"latin","root":"capax","root_meaning":"able to hold, capable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"capacity","meaning":"ability to hold or perform","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"capacité","meaning":"ability, capability","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capax","meaning":"able to hold, capable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capable","capacitor","incapacitate","cape","capture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capability","formality":"formal"},{"word":"volume","formality":"technical"},{"word":"potential","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"243a7dcd-c3a3-492d-a559-a41ced17b96b","word":"cape","definition":"A sleeveless outer garment fastened at the neck, or a point of land projecting into the sea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capa","language_family":"latin","root":"cappa","root_meaning":"cloak, cape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cape","meaning":"sleeveless garment or coastal promontory","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"cape","meaning":"sleeveless cloak","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cappa","meaning":"hooded cloak","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caper","caped","capon","capability","capita"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cloak","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mantle","formality":"literary"},{"word":"headland","formality":"formal"},{"word":"promontory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"b3a29660-25dd-444e-8c60-3302f7a42d99","word":"capital","definition":"Wealth in the form of money or assets; also, the chief city of a country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capital","language_family":"latin","root":"capitālis","root_meaning":"of the head, chief","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"capitālis","meaning":"Of the head, chief, principal.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"capital","meaning":"Chief city; accumulated wealth.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"capital","meaning":"Capital city; financial capital.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["capitalize","capitalism","captain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"funds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assets","formality":"formal"},{"word":"money","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"01d33c90-4e2d-4f85-a895-a3d0ee141174","word":"capitalism","definition":"An economic system in which private owners control production and seek profit through markets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capitalismo","language_family":"latin","root":"caput","root_meaning":"head","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"capitalism","meaning":"an economic system based on private ownership and profit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capital","meaning":"of the head; principal; wealth used to generate more wealth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capitalis","meaning":"of the head","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caput","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ism","meaning":"noun-forming suffix denoting a doctrine, system, or practice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capital","capitalist","capitalistic","capitalization","capitalize","capitalization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"free enterprise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"market economy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"private enterprise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"d84cc093-138d-4117-8f37-b207f9aa81f8","word":"capitol","definition":"A building in which a state legislative body meets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capitolio","language_family":"latin","root":"Capitōlium","root_meaning":"Capitoline Hill (in Rome)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"capitol","meaning":"legislative building","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"capitol","meaning":"the Capitol at Rome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Capitōlium","meaning":"the Capitoline Hill; temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caput","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capital","chapter","captain","decapitate","recapitulate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"statehouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legislature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parliament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"694e0f2c-1573-489e-ba91-6c280cc95003","word":"cappuccino","definition":"Cappuccino is an espresso drink topped with steamed milk foam.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capuchino","language_family":"latin","root":"cappa","root_meaning":"cloak; hood","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"late classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cappuccino","meaning":"espresso coffee with steamed milk foam","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"cappuccino","meaning":"the coffee drink name borrowed into English","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"capuchin","meaning":"the friars whose brown hoods inspired the name","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"capuccio","meaning":"hood","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"cappa","meaning":"cloak or hood","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capuchin","capuchino","capuccio","cappa","cappuccio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"espresso","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coffee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coffee drink","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"a3d34c96-0cb0-44ee-98d4-4570d7f13cf2","word":"capsule","definition":"A small case or container, especially one that is cylindrical and used for containing medication.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cápsula","language_family":"latin","root":"capsula","root_meaning":"small box or case","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"capsule","meaning":"A small case or container, especially one that is cylindrical and used for containing medication.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"capsule","meaning":"small box, seed pod","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capsula","meaning":"a small box or case","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capsa","meaning":"box, case","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["case","caption","capture","capacious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tablet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"f4cab7e1-4e73-4278-9a1a-5c54c42463ad","word":"captain","definition":"The person in command of a ship, aircraft, or military unit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capitán","language_family":"latin","root":"caput","root_meaning":"head","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*kaput-","meaning":"Head.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"caput","meaning":"Head, chief.","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"capitaneus","meaning":"Chief, leader.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"capitaine","meaning":"Military leader.","children":[{"era":"1380s","word":"captain","meaning":"Commander of a vessel or unit.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"capitán","meaning":"Captain, leader.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["capital","chapter","chief","cape","captain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commander","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skipper","formality":"informal"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"24be2a78-46c8-4733-b67c-70e02154f6bb","word":"caption","definition":"A brief title or explanatory text attached to an image, article, or media item.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"capiō","root_meaning":"to take, seize","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caption","meaning":"a brief title or explanatory text attached to an image, article, or media item","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"captiō","meaning":"a taking; seizure; deception","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capiō","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capture","captive","captious","accept","concept"],"synonyms":[{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subtitle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"d951b433-b5fb-4a2c-8134-cb9b8d5fbc47","word":"captive","definition":"Captive means kept prisoner or held in bondage, and it can also refer to a prisoner.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cautivo","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin captivus","root_meaning":"taken prisoner","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"captive","meaning":"kept prisoner; held in bondage","children":[{"era":"classical to 1200s","word":"captif / captivus","meaning":"taken prisoner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to seize; take","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to seize; grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["captivity","capture","captor","captivate","recapture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prisoner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"df9728dc-253c-4c0f-9dab-65d562eea8bf","word":"captivity","definition":"The state or condition of being held as a captive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cautividad","language_family":"latin","root":"capere","root_meaning":"to seize, take","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"captivity","meaning":"the state of being held captive","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"captivity","meaning":"captivity","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"captivité","meaning":"captivity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"captivitas","meaning":"captivity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"captivus","meaning":"taken captive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to seize, take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["captive","capture","captor","captivate","captivation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imprisonment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bondage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confinement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"ed238fd1-018a-4109-b0fe-a5f4f02f03d8","word":"capture","definition":"To take into one's possession by force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"capturar","language_family":"french","root":"capture","root_meaning":"a taking, seizure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"captūra","meaning":"A taking, catching, from capere (to take).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"capture","meaning":"A seizure, taking.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"capture","meaning":"To seize, take possession of.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"capturar","meaning":"To capture.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["captive","captivate","captor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"620829cf-785e-4007-a5ff-c278bf1030f8","word":"car","definition":"A wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carro","language_family":"latin","root":"carrus","root_meaning":"four-wheeled wagon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":"*karros (Gaulish)","etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"*karros","meaning":"Wagon, cart.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"carrus","meaning":"Four-wheeled wagon.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"char","meaning":"Cart, chariot.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"car","meaning":"Wheeled vehicle; later, automobile.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"carro","meaning":"Cart, car.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Gaulish"},"related_words":["cart","carriage","chariot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"automobile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vehicle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ride","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"ba7ecebf-fe18-4902-9ed6-dc7835ee7c2c","word":"caramel","definition":"A sweet, browned sugar confection or flavor made by heating sugar, often with butter or cream.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caramelo","language_family":"french","root":"caramel","root_meaning":"caramel; sugar candy","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caramel","meaning":"a browned sugar confection or flavor","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"caramel","meaning":"caramel; sugar candy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"caramelo","meaning":"sugar candy; caramel","children":[],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caramels","caramelize","caramelized","caramelization","caramelly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toffee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"candy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"confection","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"df1c0420-2037-40f9-acc6-0cb82d29230c","word":"carbon","definition":"A nonmetallic chemical element that occurs in many forms, including graphite and diamond, and is an essential constituent of all organic life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carbón","language_family":"latin","root":"carbo","root_meaning":"charcoal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Carbon","meaning":"nonmetallic element","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"carbone","meaning":"charcoal, carbon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carbo","meaning":"charcoal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carbohydrate","carbonate","carboniferous","carbonic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"element","formality":"technical"},{"word":"charcoal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"5148abec-6806-4649-a9ec-2ec99fa030be","word":"card","definition":"A piece of stiff paper or thin pasteboard used for various purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carta","language_family":"latin","root":"charta","root_meaning":"paper, papyrus sheet","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"card","meaning":"piece of stiff paper","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carte","meaning":"paper, document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charta","meaning":"paper, papyrus sheet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["cardboard","charter","chart"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ticket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placard","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"7be561c2-c1dd-4a41-ab30-aac786046132","word":"cardiac","definition":"Relating to the heart.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cardíaco","language_family":"greek","root":"kardia","root_meaning":"heart","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱērd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cardiac","meaning":"Relating to the heart.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cardiaca","meaning":"pertaining to the heart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kardia","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ḱērd-","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heart","cardiology","cardiovascular","pericardial","endocardium","atrium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coronary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heart-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"myocardial","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"afb803c8-00b6-48be-b63f-d91867d82ac3","word":"cardinal","definition":"Of primary importance; chief.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cardinal","language_family":"latin","root":"cardō","root_meaning":"hinge, pivot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cardinal","meaning":"of primary importance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cardinalis","meaning":"pertaining to a hinge, principal, chief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cardō","meaning":"hinge, pivot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cardo","cardinality","card","incardinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fundamental","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"a77fbf15-cbac-4ca5-8986-6feeb7615c17","word":"cards","definition":"Pieces of stiff paper bearing information or used for playing games; or plural of card.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cartas","language_family":"latin","root":"charta","root_meaning":"papyrus, paper, map","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cards","meaning":"pieces of stiff paper for games or information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"card","meaning":"a piece of stiff paper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charta","meaning":"papyrus, paper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["card","cardboard","chart","charter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"playing cards","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cards","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"43738f09-6a8b-457f-a4ac-b656f248fc43","word":"care","definition":"To feel concern or interest; serious attention","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"caru","root_meaning":"care, worry, sorrow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*karō","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"care","meaning":"to feel concern; attention","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"caru","meaning":"care, anxiety, sorrow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*karō","meaning":"care, grief","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["careful","careless","caregiver","healthcare","childcare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concern","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attention","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"c6c8163b-fe30-4502-b2c7-ea38eb0c372b","word":"career","definition":"An occupation undertaken for a significant period of life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carrera","language_family":"french","root":"carriere","root_meaning":"road, racecourse","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"carrus","meaning":"Wheeled vehicle; later carrāria (road for vehicles).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carriere","meaning":"Road, racecourse, course of action.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"career","meaning":"A professional path, course of life.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"carrera","meaning":"Career, race, road.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["careerist","careering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"profession","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vocation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"job","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"9766658c-f7f5-4ff4-8113-bd87029169b2","word":"careers","definition":"Professions or occupations spanning a person's working life, or moves rapidly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carrera","language_family":"french","root":"cariera","root_meaning":"road for vehicles, course","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"careers","meaning":"professions or rapid movements","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"career","meaning":"road, course, career","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"cariera","meaning":"road for carts, carriageway","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carrum","meaning":"cart, wagon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["career","careerist","carriage","car"],"synonyms":[{"word":"professions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"occupations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"jobs","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vocations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"ea6c6462-002b-4405-b80b-a61491914c62","word":"carefree","definition":"Free from care or worry.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carefree","meaning":"without worry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"care","meaning":"worry; concern","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"free","meaning":"unbound; unconstrained","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["care","careless","carelessness","carefreeness","carefreely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"untroubled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unconcerned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lighthearted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"9c47ad25-a370-4686-8359-ba42ea44abdf","word":"careful","definition":"Exercising caution or showing concern for possible danger or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"caru","root_meaning":"sorrow, anxiety, burden","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*karo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"careful","meaning":"exercising caution","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 + current","word":"care + -ful","meaning":"sorrow, anxiety + full of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"careful","meaning":"full of care, anxious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"caru","meaning":"sorrow, anxiety, burden","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old English + English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["care","careless","caring","curious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cautious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prudent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"meticulous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"dba454f3-692f-46e2-8424-14ceffa9b7f5","word":"careless","definition":"Not giving sufficient attention to avoiding harm or error; negligent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"caru + -less","root_meaning":"worry, sorrow; without","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*karō + *lausaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"careless","meaning":"negligent","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"careless","meaning":"without care, unconcerned","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"care","meaning":"worry, sorrow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*karō","meaning":"lament, care","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lausaz","meaning":"loose, free from","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["care","careful","uncaring","less","carelessly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"negligent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reckless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inattentive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sloppy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"086da85f-afde-489a-84cd-f64078ac8538","word":"caress","definition":"An affectionate touch or gesture of tenderness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caricia","language_family":"latin","root":"cārus","root_meaning":"dear, beloved","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caress","meaning":"an affectionate touch or gesture of tenderness","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"caresse","meaning":"a caress","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"carezza","meaning":"caress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cārus","meaning":"dear, beloved","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caressed","caressing","caressive","karezza"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stroke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fondling","formality":"informal"},{"word":"petting","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"0649fb01-8338-4ce9-914c-16bec12a528e","word":"caretaker","definition":"A caretaker is a person who looks after a place, person, or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caretaker","meaning":"a person who looks after a place, person, or thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"care","meaning":"concern, anxiety, attention","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"caru","meaning":"care, sorrow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"take","meaning":"to seize, grasp, or receive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tacan","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["care","caregiver","caretaking","take","caretake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"custodian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"543ffb87-3882-4f76-b380-1ff3cab51a6a","word":"cargo","definition":"Goods carried on a ship, aircraft, or vehicle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cargo","language_family":"latin","root":"carricare","root_meaning":"to load a cart","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*kerh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cargo","meaning":"Goods carried.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cargo","meaning":"load, burden","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"cargar","meaning":"to load","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"carricare","meaning":"to load a cart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carrus","meaning":"wheeled vehicle, cart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charge","car","carriage","career","charger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"freight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"load","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"291f137c-2ba9-42be-a3e2-ce94d10e88d7","word":"caribbean","definition":"Relating to the Caribbean Sea, its islands, or the peoples and cultures there.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"Caribe","language_family":"other","root":"Carib","root_meaning":"name of a native people","root_language":"Spanish (from Arawakan)","root_era":"15th c.","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Caribbean","meaning":"Relating to the Caribbean Sea, its islands, or the peoples and cultures there.","children":[{"era":"18th c.","word":"Caribbean","meaning":"of the Caribs","children":[{"era":"15th c.","word":"Carib","meaning":"name of a native people","children":[{"era":"pre-1500","word":"Karifuna","meaning":"Carib people","children":[],"language":"Arawakan"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Carib","Cariban","Antillean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"West Indian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Antillean","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"867c0ff0-25f6-4d47-b16d-d920a986c528","word":"carnival","definition":"A public festival, typically held in the period immediately preceding Lent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carnaval","language_family":"latin","root":"carne levare","root_meaning":"farewell to meat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Medieval Latin","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carnival","meaning":"public festival before Lent","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"carnevale","meaning":"festival before Lent","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"carne levare","meaning":"farewell to meat","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carnal","carnivore","incarnate","chili con carne"],"synonyms":[{"word":"festival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celebration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revelry","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"d79a96dd-69f6-48e6-90f9-c2fdb3c8c7cc","word":"carol","definition":"A joyful song, especially one sung at Christmas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"carole","root_meaning":"ring dance with song","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carol","meaning":"joyful song","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"carol","meaning":"ring dance; song","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carole","meaning":"ring dance accompanied by song","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"choraula","meaning":"flute player for choral dance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"choraules","meaning":"choral flute accompanist","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caroler","caroling","carolled","Christmas carol"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hymn","formality":"formal"},{"word":"anthem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"song","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canticle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"4cacea36-a24d-49f3-8fde-71f54541f681","word":"carole","definition":"An archaic English spelling of carol, especially a joyful song or festive round dance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Old French carole","root_meaning":"round dance; song accompanying it","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carole","meaning":"an archaic spelling of carol, especially a joyful song or festive round dance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carole","meaning":"round dance accompanied by singing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"choraula","meaning":"a dance to the flute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khoraulēs","meaning":"flute player for a choral dance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khoros + aulein","meaning":"\"chorus\" + \"to play the flute\"","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carol","caroled","caroling","caroler","Christmas carol"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hymn","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"fe84f0f8-506f-4b4e-8bf7-0174d99e23bd","word":"carolina","definition":"A region or place name derived from the Latin masculine form meaning 'of or relating to Charles'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Carolina","language_family":"latin","root":"Carolus (Charles)","root_meaning":"of Charles","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"17th century","word":"Carolina","meaning":"region named after Charles II","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Carolus","meaning":"Charles (masculine name)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["Charles","Carl","carol","Carolyn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"region","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"fc3c156c-841e-4c3e-bff6-802d605dc3d3","word":"carpenter","definition":"A person who makes or repairs wooden objects and structures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carpintero","language_family":"latin","root":"carpentarius","root_meaning":"carriage maker","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"300-600 CE","proto_root":"*kerp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carpenter","meaning":"woodworker","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charpentier","meaning":"carpenter","children":[{"era":"300-600 CE","word":"carpentarius","meaning":"carriage maker","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carpentum","meaning":"two-wheeled chariot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carpentry","carriage","cart","car"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woodworker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joiner","formality":"technical"},{"word":"craftsman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"a579b741-4591-4fd8-8fa4-df41dcbca5bb","word":"carr","definition":"Carr is a dialect word for a marsh or fen, and it also survives as a surname and place-name element.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kjarr","root_meaning":"brushwood; wet scrub; swampy ground","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carr","meaning":"marsh; fen","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"carr","meaning":"marshy land","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kjarr","meaning":"brushwood; swamp; wet scrub","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carrs","carse","karr","Carr"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marsh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bog","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"2226f238-27c6-4739-854c-f714fdf2e83e","word":"carriage","definition":"A wheeled vehicle, often horse-drawn, used for carrying people or goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carruaje","language_family":"french","root":"cariage","root_meaning":"act of carrying, things carried","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carriage","meaning":"A wheeled vehicle, often horse-drawn, used for carrying people or goods.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"cariage","meaning":"act of carrying, things carried","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"carier","meaning":"to carry, transport","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carrus","meaning":"two-wheeled wagon","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*krsos","meaning":"null","children":[],"language":"Proto-Celtic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carry","carrier","cargo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buggy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vehicle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"775d0784-dab3-4cac-b9e3-4a40fb9569cf","word":"carried","definition":"Past tense of carry; transported or moved something from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"carga","language_family":"french","root":"carrier","root_meaning":"to carry, transport","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carried","meaning":"transported in the past","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"carry","meaning":"to transport, bear, support","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carrier","meaning":"to carry, transport","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carra","meaning":"car, cart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carry","carrier","carrying","carriage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transported","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conveyed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bore","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"3c87f4b2-11a4-4b9c-90b2-2a032ec0aa35","word":"carrier","definition":"A person or thing that carries something; an organization providing a service (e.g., transport, communication).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acarreador","language_family":"latin","root":"carrus","root_meaning":"wagon, cart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carrier","meaning":"one who carries","children":[{"era":"current","word":"carry","meaning":"to transport","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"carier","meaning":"to convey in a cart","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"*carricare","meaning":"to load a cart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carrus","meaning":"wagon, cart","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kers-","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carry","carriage","cart","charge","car"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conveyor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bearer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"38801cd9-86f6-4feb-9b2a-7c6b4d3d3ed1","word":"carrot","definition":"A tapered orange root vegetable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"carota","root_meaning":"carrot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carrot","meaning":"an orange root vegetable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carotte","meaning":"carrot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carota","meaning":"carrot","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carotene","carotenoid","root vegetable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"root","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vegetable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"d0e91209-c7ae-419c-a6ce-3db3c5a17076","word":"carry","definition":"To support and move someone or something from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cargar","language_family":"french","root":"carier","root_meaning":"to transport in a vehicle","root_language":"Old North French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"100s","word":"carrus","meaning":"A four-wheeled wagon (Gaulish origin).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carier","meaning":"To transport.","children":[{"era":"1350s","word":"carry","meaning":"To bear from one place to another.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"cargar","meaning":"To carry, to load.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["carry-on","miscarry","carriage","car"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bear","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transport","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haul","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"424e14df-e643-47af-9d4c-d2d3b4424479","word":"cars","definition":"Plural of car; motor vehicles designed primarily for transporting passengers on roads.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carro","language_family":"other","root":"car","root_meaning":"vehicle for carrying, carriage","root_language":"Old North French","root_era":"1200-1400","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cars","meaning":"motor vehicles","children":[{"era":"1890s-current","word":"car","meaning":"motor vehicle","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"car","meaning":"carriage, cart","children":[{"era":"1200-1400","word":"carre","meaning":"vehicle","children":[{"era":"500-1000","word":"carra","meaning":"carriage","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["car","carriage","cargo","chariot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"automobiles","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vehicles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motors","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"df20bbdd-407d-4c2e-b44e-107f0fb7f949","word":"cart","definition":"A wheeled vehicle or container used for transporting goods or materials.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carro","language_family":"germanic","root":"cræt","root_meaning":"a cart or vehicle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kret-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cart","meaning":"wheeled vehicle","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"carte","meaning":"cart or vehicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kret-","meaning":"to shake or rattle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cartel","card","cargo","carry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wagon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vehicle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trolley","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"03152412-3a34-4bc3-b0f8-4bcbf53df30a","word":"cartel","definition":"An association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cártel","language_family":"latin","root":"carta","root_meaning":"paper, document, letter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cartel","meaning":"association restricting competition","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cartel","meaning":"challenge, written agreement","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cartello","meaning":"placard, written challenge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carta","meaning":"paper, document","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["card","chart","charter","carte"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monopoly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"syndicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"c8c81551-e38d-46d9-945b-1f4c5fbbd464","word":"carter","definition":"A person who drives a cart.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"charrete","root_meaning":"cart","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carter","meaning":"cart driver","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"cartare","meaning":"cart driver","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"charrete","meaning":"cart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carrus","meaning":"wheeled vehicle","children":[],"language":"Latin (Gaulish origin)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cart","carriage","car","carrier","cartage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teamster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waggoner","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"drayman","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"f645c94f-2257-4dc3-83a0-c53861270fb8","word":"cartman","definition":"A man who drives a cart or transports goods by cart.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cart + man","root_meaning":"cart driver; man associated with a cart","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cartman","meaning":"a man who drives a cart or transports goods by cart","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cart + man","meaning":"cart driver; cart worker","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cart","meaning":"wheeled vehicle for carrying goods","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"male person; human being","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cart","carter","carting","cartwright","man"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wagoner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"teamster","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"d4a00fd8-4b78-47c9-9a56-b5ad4c76a23d","word":"carton","definition":"A stiff paperboard box or the paperboard itself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cartón","language_family":"french","root":"carta","root_meaning":"paper","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carton","meaning":"A stiff paperboard box or the paperboard itself.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cartone","meaning":"Pasteboard; large sheet of paperboard.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carta","meaning":"Paper, sheet of paper.","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["card","cardboard","cartoon","cartonnage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"box","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"package","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"f597cda4-3653-4e36-8263-7a37e45835fe","word":"cartoon","definition":"A humorous drawing or sequence of drawings, often with a political or social message.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cartón","language_family":"latin","root":"cartone","root_meaning":"large paper, pasteboard","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cartoon","meaning":"humorous drawing","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"cartone","meaning":"strong, heavy paper for sketches","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carta","meaning":"paper, leaf of paper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cartouche","carton","chart","card"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"animation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caricature","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"040826a0-0e5d-4105-ace2-a7e211296440","word":"cartridge","definition":"A container holding a charge of propellant or a quantity of material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cartucho","language_family":"french","root":"cartouche","root_meaning":"roll of paper, cartridge","root_language":"French","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cartridge","meaning":"A container holding a charge of propellant or a quantity of material.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"cartouche","meaning":"roll of paper, cartridge","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"cartoccio","meaning":"cartridge, paper cone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carta","meaning":"paper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charta","meaning":"paper","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"khartēs","meaning":"papyrus leaf","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cartouche","carton","chart","card"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"casing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"2477c2b5-aca7-435e-9069-fa0a0aafdc9d","word":"cartwright","definition":"A craftsman who makes carts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cartwright","meaning":"a craftsman who makes carts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English cartewright","meaning":"cartwright","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cart","meaning":"cart","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wright","meaning":"maker, craftsman","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cart","wright","cartmaker","wainwright"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cartmaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wagonmaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wainwright","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"fc855dfd-12a8-4eae-848d-122a9058d70b","word":"carve","definition":"To cut into a desired shape; to cut a cooked piece of meat into slices.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceorfan","root_meaning":"to cut, carve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kerfanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carve","meaning":"cut into shape","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kerven","meaning":"to cut, carve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceorfan","meaning":"to cut, carve","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kerfanan","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curfew","kerf","kerchief","cleft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sculpt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engrave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"f486b3a9-ddfd-4320-90c8-c11e514db8a9","word":"carver","definition":"A carver is a person who cuts, sculpts, or engraves material, especially wood or stone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceorfan","root_meaning":"to cut, carve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"carver","meaning":"a person who carves","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"carve","meaning":"to cut or shape with a tool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceorfan","meaning":"to cut, carve","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carve","carved","carving","carves","woodcarver","stonecarver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sculptor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"engraver","formality":"technical"},{"word":"whittler","formality":"informal"},{"word":"woodcarver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"865164a9-1a7f-4c0e-8f10-43c1b5dc1577","word":"casa","definition":"A house or home, often used in Spanish-speaking contexts or as a loanword.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"casa","language_family":"latin","root":"casa","root_meaning":"hut, cabin, cottage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"casa","meaning":"house or home","children":[{"era":"current","word":"casa","meaning":"house","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"casa","meaning":"hut, cabin, cottage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English (loanword)"},"related_words":["casita","casino","casemate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"house","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"home","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"fd7f003d-ba89-42bc-8693-88f6f7820d95","word":"case","definition":"An instance of a situation or a container for items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caso","language_family":"french","root":"cas","root_meaning":"an event, happening","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cāsum","meaning":"A fall, chance, event, from cadere (to fall).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cas","meaning":"An event, happening, situation.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"case","meaning":"An instance, situation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"caso","meaning":"Case, event.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["casual","occasion","casing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"situation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a4c90ac2-3c9f-4076-8b94-435486043f3d","word":"cases","definition":"Instances or examples of something occurring; or containers or boxes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"casos","language_family":"latin","root":"casus","root_meaning":"fall, accident, or event","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cases","meaning":"instances or containers","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"case","meaning":"occurrence or container","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"casus","meaning":"fall or event","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*kad-","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["case","casing","accidental","cascade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examples","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"containers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boxes","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.854Z"}
{"id":"b0ea9a05-5b9b-42bf-80c5-9072af652d50","word":"cash","definition":"Money in coins or banknotes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caja","language_family":"french","root":"casse","root_meaning":"money box","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cash","meaning":"money in coins or notes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"casse","meaning":"money box","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cassa","meaning":"box, chest","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cashier","cashless","cash-strapped","cashing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"currency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"funds","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"33fc4d0e-b04e-424d-8782-73885d24243c","word":"cashier","definition":"A person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a shop, bank, or other business.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cajero","language_family":"french","root":"caissier","root_meaning":"money handler","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cashier","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"caissier","meaning":"money handler","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"caisse","meaning":"money box","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cash","caisse","encash","cashbox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clerk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treasurer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bursar","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"b1299f5f-b9de-49d1-8489-e491656b8cfc","word":"casing","definition":"A protective outer covering, shell, or frame that encloses or encases something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caja","language_family":"latin","root":"capsa","root_meaning":"box, container","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"casing","meaning":"outer covering or enclosure","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"case + -ing","meaning":"box, container; act of encasing","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"casse","meaning":"box, chest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capsa","meaning":"box, chest, container","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to hold, take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["case","encase","encasement","capsule","capture","caption"],"synonyms":[{"word":"housing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sheath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enclosure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shell","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"998e77b0-42f5-4b01-82d9-3276d5f72362","word":"casino","definition":"A public building or room where gambling games are played.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"casino","language_family":"latin","root":"Italian casino","root_meaning":"small house","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Casino","meaning":"gambling establishment","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"casino","meaning":"small house","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"casa","meaning":"house","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gamble","gambling","house","gaming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gambling house","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gaming hall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"294f3ba5-2834-4d30-b442-186316d2c317","word":"cassette","definition":"A small sealed case containing a length of audiotape or videotape, or a reel of photographic film.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"casete","language_family":"french","root":"casse","root_meaning":"case, box","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cassette","meaning":"small case (for tape)","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"cassette","meaning":"small box","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"casse","meaning":"case, box","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["case","casket","encase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cartridge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tape","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"2c645ada-7317-4a8b-a1d5-4c4c034d4c74","word":"cast","definition":"To throw something forcefully or to shape molten material in a mold.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kasta","root_meaning":"to throw","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cast","meaning":"to throw or shape","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"casten","meaning":"to throw","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kasta","meaning":"to throw, cast","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["casting","caster","forecast","miscast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"throw","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hurl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fling","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mold","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"c4f3c43e-4af2-4c95-bb35-cebc6563a6d7","word":"caste","definition":"A hereditary social class or rank, especially in South Asian contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"casta","language_family":"latin","root":"castus","root_meaning":"pure, chaste","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caste","meaning":"a hereditary social class or rank","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"caste","meaning":"breed, race, lineage; later social class","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"castus","meaning":"pure, chaste","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Portuguese/Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["casta","chaste","chastity","chastise","chasteness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"class","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rank","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"60795885-9659-4402-964e-85241f55a1cd","word":"castle","definition":"A large fortified building or group of buildings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"castillo","language_family":"french","root":"castel","root_meaning":"fortress, village","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1000s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"castellum","meaning":"Fort, citadel, diminutive of castrum.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"castel","meaning":"Fortress, fortified town.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"castle","meaning":"A fortified residence.","language":"English"},{"era":"1000s","word":"castillo","meaning":"Castle.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["castellan","chateau"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fortress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"citadel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"85c07c3c-0ec8-4ee5-939d-f83cbf98c350","word":"casual","definition":"Relaxed and unconcerned, or happening by chance; without planning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"casual","language_family":"latin","root":"casualis","root_meaning":"pertaining to chance, accidental","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"casual","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"casualis","meaning":"pertaining to chance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"casus","meaning":"chance, fall, event","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chance","occasion","case","casualty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"informal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accidental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"random","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"919e3f40-398c-4d5a-8d06-ca662e78b34a","word":"cat","definition":"A small domesticated carnivorous mammal with fur, whiskers, and retractable claws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gato","language_family":"other","root":"catta","root_meaning":"cat","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"400s CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cat","meaning":"small domesticated carnivorous mammal","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"cat","meaning":"cat","children":[{"era":"400s CE","word":"catta","meaning":"cat","children":[{"era":"unknown","word":"catta","meaning":"possibly from African languages","children":[],"language":"unknown origin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cats","kitten","catty","cat-like","catfish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feline","formality":"formal"},{"word":"puss","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tomcat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"kitty","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"4b404fcb-4e12-44b8-abb7-e61da36b84d0","word":"catalog","definition":"A complete list of items, typically organized systematically, or a publication listing such items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"catálogo","language_family":"greek","root":"katalogos","root_meaning":"a list, enumeration","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"catalog","meaning":"a systematic list","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"catalog","meaning":"a list of items","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"katalogos","meaning":"enumeration, list","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["catalogue","cataloged","cataloger","catalog-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inventory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"204fa263-de9d-45fe-bf5a-06024f1506ed","word":"catalogue","definition":"A complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or other systematic order, in particular those in a library or museum.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"catálogo","language_family":"greek","root":"katalogos","root_meaning":"a list, register","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"catalogue","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"15th C.","word":"catalogue","meaning":"list","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"catalogus","meaning":"list","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"katalogos","meaning":"a list, register","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kata-","meaning":"down","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"legein","meaning":"to choose, count","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dialog","analogy","logic","lecture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"register","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"index","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"c43f6294-7eac-4c37-8166-aa70beeff42c","word":"catalyst","definition":"A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed, or a person/thing that precipitates an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"catalizador","language_family":"greek","root":"katalysis","root_meaning":"dissolution, breakdown","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1600s (scientific usage), ancient (Greek roots)","proto_root":"*kat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"catalyst","meaning":"substance causing a reaction or an agent of change","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"catalysis","meaning":"chemical process","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"katalysis","meaning":"dissolution, breakdown","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kata-","meaning":"down","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"lyein","meaning":"to loosen","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["analysis","paralysis","catalyze","hydrolysis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impetus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stimulus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trigger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"8754ff4e-27f5-4763-b90c-7b2f6401a5b9","word":"catastrophe","definition":"A sudden disaster or an event causing great damage or suffering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"catástrofe","language_family":"greek","root":"katastrophē","root_meaning":"an overturning","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"katastrophḗ (καταστροφή)","meaning":"An overturning, sudden end. From kata- (down) + strephein (to turn).","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"catastrophe","meaning":"A sudden great disaster.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"catástrofe","meaning":"Catastrophe.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["catastrophic","apostrophe","strophe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disaster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calamity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cataclysm","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"d3f917c0-06d3-4b53-ba5e-d4ea6029d38a","word":"catastrophic","definition":"Causing or involving great disaster or sudden ruin.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"catastrófico","language_family":"greek","root":"καταστροφή (katastrophē)","root_meaning":"an overturning or disastrous reversal","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"catastrophic","meaning":"disastrous; involving catastrophe","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"catastrophe + -ic","meaning":"formed from catastrophe with an adjectival suffix","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"catastrophe","meaning":"a sudden disaster or reversal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek katastrophē","meaning":"overturning, downfall","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French via Latin from Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["catastrophe","catastrophize","catastrophism","catastrophically","cataclysm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disastrous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calamitous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruinous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"ee68798d-f869-47d4-8fc6-4b6c9e49fbd4","word":"catch","definition":"To intercept and hold something that has been thrown or dropped.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"atrapar","language_family":"french","root":"cachier","root_meaning":"to hunt, to chase","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"catch","meaning":"To intercept; to capture.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cachier","meaning":"To hunt, to chase.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"capere","meaning":"To take, to seize.","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["catcher","catch-up","catchphrase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grab","formality":"informal"},{"word":"seize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"31397fba-c640-48c2-af67-b4480012b2ff","word":"categories","definition":"Plural of category; distinct groups or classes into which things are divided.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"categorías","language_family":"greek","root":"kategoria","root_meaning":"accusation or predicate","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"categories","meaning":"groups or classes","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"category","meaning":"class or division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"categoria","meaning":"class, type","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kategoria","meaning":"accusation, assertion","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["category","categorize","categorical","categorization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"classes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divisions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"classifications","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.515Z"}
{"id":"b6aa463b-28f7-484a-be21-284f91ee4cb3","word":"category","definition":"A class or division of people or things having shared characteristics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"categoría","language_family":"greek","root":"katēgoria","root_meaning":"accusation, assertion","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~350 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~350 BC","word":"katēgoría (κατηγορία)","meaning":"Accusation, assertion, predication. Used by Aristotle for classification. From kata- (against) + agoreuein (to speak in public).","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"category","meaning":"A class or group of things.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"categoría","meaning":"Category.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["categorical","categorize","categorization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"class","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2060e1c9-5881-4b26-ad75-d9b1d13393e8","word":"cater","definition":"To provide food and drink for an event or a person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"acatour","root_meaning":"buyer, provider","root_language":"Anglo-French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cater","meaning":"to provide food/service","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"catour","meaning":"purchaser of provisions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"acatour","meaning":"buyer","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"acater","meaning":"to buy","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caterer","catering","caters"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"af98539e-ccf6-4734-8edd-8e6cb7a4499e","word":"catfish","definition":"A catfish is a whiskered freshwater fish of the order Siluriformes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"catfish","meaning":"a whiskered freshwater fish","children":[{"era":"current","word":"cat + fish","meaning":"a fish likened to a cat because of its whiskers","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cat","meaning":"cat","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fish","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cat","fish","catfishes","catfisher","catfishing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silurid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mudcat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"catfish species","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"51ccf2bc-3816-4d14-95ea-bde835a1ab17","word":"cathedral","definition":"The principal church of a diocese, where the bishop's throne is located.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"catedral","language_family":"greek","root":"kathedra","root_meaning":"seat, chair","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cathedral","meaning":"principal church of a diocese","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cathedrale","meaning":"of a bishop's see","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cathedra","meaning":"chair, seat, bishop's throne","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kathedra","meaning":"seat, bench","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chair","see","cathedra","ex cathedra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"church","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minster","formality":"technical"},{"word":"basilica","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"da2feb84-034f-41af-9a42-07df9ee774ca","word":"catholic","definition":"Including a wide variety of things; all-embracing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"católico","language_family":"greek","root":"katholikos","root_meaning":"universal, general","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"catholic","meaning":"all-embracing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"catholique","meaning":"catholic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"catholicus","meaning":"universal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"katholikos","meaning":"universal, general","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kata","meaning":"concerning, throughout","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"holos","meaning":"whole","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["totality","hologram","holocaust","holistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"universal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprehensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"all-encompassing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"e7d04bd7-a323-4d31-b560-7b0e84991637","word":"cattle","definition":"Large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hooves, bred for meat or milk; domesticated bovine animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capital","language_family":"latin","root":"capitale","root_meaning":"property, wealth, principal sum","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"caput","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cattle","meaning":"Large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hooves, bred for meat or milk; domesticated bovine animals.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"catel","meaning":"property, goods","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"capitale","meaning":"property, wealth","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"capitāle","meaning":"principal sum, property","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caput","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capital","chattel","herd","bovine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"livestock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kine","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"02dbf0e4-e41a-416d-bd02-e42322e631c3","word":"caucasian","definition":"Of or relating to the Caucasus region or to people historically classified as Caucasian.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"caucásico","language_family":"greek","root":"Ancient Greek Καύκασος (Káukasos)","root_meaning":"Caucasus","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caucasian","meaning":"of or relating to the Caucasus region or historically classified as Caucasian","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Caucasus","meaning":"the Caucasus Mountains","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Καύκασος","meaning":"Caucasus","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Caucasus","Caucasic","Caucasoid","Transcaucasian","Caucasianism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Caucasic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Caucasoid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Transcaucasian","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"3639097c-0798-49b8-be95-13b6425b0739","word":"cause","definition":"A person or thing that gives rise to an action, event, or condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"causa","language_family":"latin","root":"causa","root_meaning":"reason, motive, lawsuit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"200s BCE","word":"causa","meaning":"Cause, reason, legal case.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cause","meaning":"Cause, reason.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cause","meaning":"That which produces an effect.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"causa","meaning":"Cause, reason.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["because","causal","causation","excuse","accuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reason","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"origin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"f3f0752c-ab4a-4b50-bfeb-7e10a13a0750","word":"caused","definition":"Made something happen or be the reason for something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"causó","language_family":"latin","root":"causa","root_meaning":"reason, cause, case","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caused","meaning":"made happen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cause","meaning":"reason, motive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"causa","meaning":"reason, case","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cause","causal","because","causation","excuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"made","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"produced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brought about","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"24a8b96c-1d3e-40bb-bec7-411d97e1c3bf","word":"caution","definition":"Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caución","language_family":"latin","root":"cautiō","root_meaning":"a taking heed, caution, care, foresight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keh₂u-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caution","meaning":"Care taken to avoid danger","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"caution","meaning":"caution, pledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cautiō","meaning":"a taking heed (from cavēre 'to be on one's guard')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cautious","caveat","cautionary","incautious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prudence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wariness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circumspection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"care","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"b0ec9ff9-9f43-46f8-8838-0e2fb1e097cf","word":"cautious","definition":"Exercising caution or carefulness; wary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cauto","language_family":"latin","root":"cautus","root_meaning":"careful, wary, safe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kəu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cautious","meaning":"exercising caution","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cautious","meaning":"careful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cautio","meaning":"caution, foresight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cavere","meaning":"to take heed, beware","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caution","incautious","precaution","cauterize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circumspect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prudent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"careful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"564b2fad-1735-49e2-8ba3-6584b98783b2","word":"cavalry","definition":"Soldiers who fight on horseback.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caballería","language_family":"latin","root":"caballus","root_meaning":"packhorse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cavalry","meaning":"soldiers who fight on horseback","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cavalerie","meaning":"cavalry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cavalleria","meaning":"cavalry","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"cavallo","meaning":"horse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caballus","meaning":"packhorse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin / Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cavalier","chevalier","chivalry","equine","cab"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horsemen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dragoons","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mounted troops","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uhlan","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"c6b3a5c7-e199-4976-9c3e-b103992781f3","word":"cave","definition":"A large natural underground chamber in a hillside or cliff.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cueva","language_family":"latin","root":"cavus","root_meaning":"hollow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keh₂u-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cave","meaning":"A large natural underground chamber.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"cave","meaning":"cave, cellar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cava","meaning":"hollow place, cavity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cavus","meaning":"hollow","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*keh₂u-","meaning":"to swell, hole","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cavity","cavern","excavate","concave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cavern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grotto","formality":"literary"},{"word":"den","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"56bc4e75-9a26-489d-8b38-c0caf8eb1731","word":"caviar","definition":"The processed, salted roe of certain fish, especially sturgeon, eaten as a delicacy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caviar","language_family":"other","root":"khavyar","root_meaning":"caviar","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"pre-1500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caviar","meaning":"fish roe delicacy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"caviale","meaning":"caviar","children":[{"era":"pre-1500","word":"havyar","meaning":"caviar","children":[{"era":"pre-1500","word":"khavyar","meaning":"caviar","children":[],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roe","delicacy","sturgeon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"delicacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fish eggs","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"abdad021-8252-4b4c-b071-161214b9f4b6","word":"cavity","definition":"An empty space or hollow within a solid object or body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cavidad","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin cavitas","root_meaning":"hollowness, empty space","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cavity","meaning":"an empty space or hollow within a solid object or body","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English cavite","meaning":"a hollow space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin cavitas","meaning":"hollowness, a hollow place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin cavus","meaning":"hollow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cave","cavern","cavernous","concave","excavate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hollow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"void","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recess","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pocket","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"2dc894dd-2038-4d4a-a7ee-25a883883de8","word":"caw","definition":"to make the harsh cry of a crow or raven.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"caw","meaning":"the harsh cry of a crow or raven","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"caw","meaning":"an imitative bird cry","children":[],"language":"expressive sound"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cawed","cawing","caws","crow","croak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"croak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squawk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"a5dc2800-dae7-44a2-bd0e-1de118093e5a","word":"cayman","definition":"A carnivorous reptile similar to an alligator, found in Central and South America.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caimán","language_family":"other","root":"kaiman","root_meaning":"native word for alligator","root_language":"Taino/Carib","root_era":"pre-16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cayman","meaning":"A carnivorous reptile similar to an alligator.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"caiman","meaning":"alligator-like reptile","children":[{"era":"pre-16th century","word":"kaiman","meaning":"native word for alligator","children":[],"language":"Taino/Carib"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alligator","crocodile","reptile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alligator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crocodile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reptile","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"f11c600e-b1a3-43f1-b631-55d9ee956813","word":"cds","definition":"Plural of CD; compact discs used for data or audio storage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"compact disc","root_meaning":"small tightly packed disc","root_language":"English","root_era":"1980s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s-current","word":"CDs","meaning":"plural of compact disc","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"compact disc","meaning":"small optical data storage device","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compact","meaning":"closely packed, condensed","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"disc","meaning":"circular object, record","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compact disc","CD-R","CD-ROM","optical disc"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compact discs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"optical media","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"730588f9-08eb-48c9-b2ab-82c6fa89732c","word":"cease","definition":"To stop, discontinue, or bring to an end.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cesar","language_family":"french","root":"cessare","root_meaning":"to delay, to be remiss, to yield, to stop","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cease","meaning":"to stop","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"cesser","meaning":"to stop, desist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cessare","meaning":"to delay, stop, yield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cessation","recess","antecedent","decease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"halt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discontinue","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"dccdbfa1-d879-4623-b64a-66ac48db931f","word":"cedar","definition":"A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus, noted for its fragrant, durable wood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cedro","language_family":"greek","root":"kedros","root_meaning":"cedar tree","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cedar","meaning":"coniferous tree","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cedre","meaning":"cedar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cedrus","meaning":"cedar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kedros","meaning":"cedar tree","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tree","wood","forest","evergreen","conifer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conifer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cypress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juniper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"a02ea262-092d-4d4c-a383-252c10b586b2","word":"ceiling","definition":"The upper interior surface of a room.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cielo","language_family":"latin","root":"caelum","root_meaning":"sky, heaven","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ceiling","meaning":"upper interior surface of a room","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"celing","meaning":"covering","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"celer","meaning":"to cover, conceal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caelum","meaning":"sky, heaven","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ceil","ciel","celestial","cavity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roof","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overhead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vault","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"47db2608-6b33-4fe2-be4d-abc717bd350a","word":"celebrate","definition":"To observe (a day or event) with ceremonies or festivities, or to praise widely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"celebrar","language_family":"latin","root":"celebrare","root_meaning":"to frequent, to honor, to perform solemnly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"celebrate","meaning":"to observe with festivities","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celebrare","meaning":"to frequent, perform solemnly, honor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celeber","meaning":"frequented, renowned","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["celebrity","celebration","famous","solemn","commemorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commemorate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"observe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rejoice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"827eb384-bcf8-412d-82e1-0356bf9279c7","word":"celebration","definition":"The action of marking one's pleasure at an important event or occasion by engaging in enjoyable activities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"celebración","language_family":"latin","root":"celebrare","root_meaning":"to frequent, to honor, to celebrate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"celebration","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celebrationem","meaning":"a frequenting, numerous assembly, solemnization","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celebrare","meaning":"to frequent, to honor, to celebrate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celeber","meaning":"frequented, renowned, famous","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["celebrate","celebrity","famous","solemn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"festivity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commemoration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"party","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"5bd497e0-2829-452f-bdb2-73e592f155ad","word":"celebrity","definition":"A famous person, especially in the entertainment industry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"celebridad","language_family":"latin","root":"celeber","root_meaning":"frequented, famous, well-known","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"celebrity","meaning":"a famous person","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"célébrité","meaning":"renown","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celebritatem","meaning":"fame, multitude","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celeber","meaning":"frequented, famous, well-known","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["celebrate","celebrated","celebration","commemorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"star","formality":"informal"},{"word":"icon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dignitary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"5afc8e38-a44c-4a4c-98b9-43a55246b1c1","word":"celery","definition":"A cultivated plant of the parsley family and its edible stalks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"σέλινον","root_meaning":"celery","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"celery","meaning":"edible stalk vegetable","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"céleri","meaning":"celery","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"selleri","meaning":"celery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"selīnum","meaning":"celery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σέλινον","meaning":"celery","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Lombard"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["celeriac","cellery","smallage","celery root","celery salt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smallage","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"celeriac","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wild celery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"3d747739-eee3-4ec3-833d-2b9193a6d09a","word":"celeste","definition":"Light blue or sky-colored, or relating to the sky or heavens.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"celeste","language_family":"latin","root":"caelestis","root_meaning":"of the sky; heavenly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"celeste","meaning":"light blue; heavenly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"céleste","meaning":"heavenly; celestial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caelestis","meaning":"of the sky; heavenly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caelum","meaning":"sky; heaven","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["celestial","celestially","celestine","celestite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heavenly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sky-blue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"azure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"3d477afe-c666-4a4e-808a-c3e91d2a9ec7","word":"celestial","definition":"Relating to the sky, the heavens, or heavenly bodies.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"celestial","language_family":"latin","root":"caelum","root_meaning":"sky; heaven","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"celestial","meaning":"relating to the sky, the heavens, or heavenly bodies","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"celestial","meaning":"heavenly; of the sky","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"celestial","meaning":"heavenly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caelestis","meaning":"of the sky, heavenly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caelum","meaning":"sky; heaven","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["celestially","celestialize","celestiality","celestine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heavenly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astral","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sidereal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"5215b3ed-160b-46d1-acf3-69a389425bc1","word":"cell","definition":"The smallest structural and functional unit of life; or a small room or compartment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"célula","language_family":"latin","root":"cella","root_meaning":"small room, chamber","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cell","meaning":"biological unit or small room","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cell","meaning":"small chamber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cella","meaning":"small room, chamber","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cellular","cellule","cellar","cellophane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chamber","formality":"formal"},{"word":"compartment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"room","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"439da0bb-5b62-4cd0-86b6-f93982bfa4d3","word":"cellar","definition":"An underground room or space, typically used for storage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"celda","language_family":"latin","root":"cella","root_meaning":"small room, store-room","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cellar","meaning":"underground storage room","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"celer","meaning":"storeroom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cellarium","meaning":"storeroom, pantry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cella","meaning":"small room, storeroom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cell","cellular","conceal","excellent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"basement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crypt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"6e6b57eb-57bc-4932-b682-ec18f1e10d27","word":"cells","definition":"The smallest units of living organisms capable of independent function; or small enclosed spaces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"celdas","language_family":"latin","root":"cella","root_meaning":"a small room or chamber","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cells","meaning":"small units of life or small spaces","children":[{"era":"1300s-1500s","word":"cell","meaning":"a small room or chamber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cella","meaning":"a small room, chamber","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cell","cellular","cellule","celluloid","cellar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compartments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chambers","formality":"formal"},{"word":"units","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"eb0754c9-2f95-498a-9a5f-a32d36d05d5c","word":"cellular","definition":"Relating to or consisting of cells.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"celular","language_family":"latin","root":"cella","root_meaning":"small room, chamber","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cellular","meaning":"relating to cells","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cellularis","meaning":"consisting of cells","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cella","meaning":"small room, chamber","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cell","cellar","cellule","cellulose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cell-like","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"microscopic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"biological","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"802334f8-fcc3-4181-8d34-a61a58e748aa","word":"celtic","definition":"Relating to the Celts or their languages, which constitute a branch of the Indo-European family.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"celta","language_family":"greek","root":"Keltoi","root_meaning":"name of a people","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"5th century BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Celtic","meaning":"Relating to the Celts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Celticus","meaning":"pertaining to the Celts","children":[{"era":"5th century BCE","word":"Keltoi","meaning":"name of a people","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Celt","Gaelic","Brythonic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Gallic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ancient European","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"41f6a14a-c306-4473-8adf-1e336ad7c557","word":"cement","definition":"A powdered substance made of calcined lime and clay, mixed with water to form mortar or concrete.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cemento","language_family":"latin","root":"caementum","root_meaning":"rough, uncut stone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cement","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ciment","meaning":"a cement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caementum","meaning":"rough, uncut stone; building material","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cementing","cementation","concrete","caementicius"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mortar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concrete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"binder","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"c4d67edd-5ef1-48de-8ca8-62993b93479c","word":"cemetery","definition":"A burial ground, especially a large one not in a churchyard.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cementerio","language_family":"greek","root":"koimētērion","root_meaning":"sleeping place","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~200 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"koimētḗrion (κοιμητήριον)","meaning":"A sleeping place, dormitory. From koiman (to put to sleep).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cemetery","meaning":"A place for burying the dead.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cementerio","meaning":"Cemetery.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["cenotaph","crypt","necropolis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"graveyard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burial ground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necropolis","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"a15e07c2-2877-40c9-ab39-a59fffe6b2b2","word":"census","definition":"An official count or survey of the population of a country or region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"censo","language_family":"latin","root":"census","root_meaning":"assessment, valuation, numbering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"census","meaning":"official population count","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"census","meaning":"official enumeration of people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"census","meaning":"assessment, valuation, counting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"censere","meaning":"to assess, estimate, number","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["censor","censure","censorious","assess","enumerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"survey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"count","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enumeration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"poll","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"5ffadd92-1c6a-4386-9384-1bf1f138b81e","word":"cent","definition":"A monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a dollar or other currency.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"centavo","language_family":"latin","root":"centum","root_meaning":"hundred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kmtom","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cent","meaning":"one hundredth of a monetary unit","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"cent","meaning":"monetary subdivision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"centum","meaning":"hundred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["center","century","centimeter","percent","centigrade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"penny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hundredth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"52e0b1f4-2d3e-4ecf-82db-b5aa5eb184f0","word":"center","definition":"The middle point of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"centro","language_family":"greek","root":"kentron","root_meaning":"point of a compass, needle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"center","meaning":"the middle point","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"center","meaning":"the middle point","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kentron","meaning":"point of a compass","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["central","centralize","centered","centric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hub","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nucleus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"ea53047a-111e-442d-bb12-3c23222aecf9","word":"centers","definition":"Plural of center; the middle points or focal areas of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"centros","language_family":"greek","root":"kentron","root_meaning":"point of a circle, center","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"centers","meaning":"plural of center","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"center","meaning":"the middle point","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"centre","meaning":"center","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kentron","meaning":"point of a circle","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["center","central","centroid","concentric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hubs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cores","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"f8c703ad-2e18-42a4-a3ac-eab9a248d80d","word":"centimeter","definition":"A centimeter is a unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"centímetro","language_family":"latin","root":"centum","root_meaning":"hundred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱm̥tóm","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"centimeter","meaning":"one hundredth of a meter","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"centimetre","meaning":"centi- + metre","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"centi-","meaning":"hundredth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"centum","meaning":"hundred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1700s","word":"mètre","meaning":"meter, measure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μέτρον","meaning":"measure","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["centimetre","centimetric","subcentimeter","centi-","millimeter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"centimetre","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cm","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hundredth of a metre","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"b13b7697-ab57-4593-acd4-9dbe62d00c79","word":"central","definition":"Positioned at, or near the center; of the utmost importance or significance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"central","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin centralis","root_meaning":"relating to the center","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"central","meaning":"relating to the center; of utmost importance","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"central","meaning":"relating to the center","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"centralis","meaning":"relating to the center","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"centrum","meaning":"center, middle point","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["center","centrally","centralize","centrality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fundamental","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"bdb71cdc-d686-4c2e-98d4-4d5982623667","word":"centre","definition":"The middle point or part of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"centro","language_family":"latin","root":"centrum","root_meaning":"middle, center point","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"centre","meaning":"the middle point","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"center","meaning":"the middle point","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"centre","meaning":"center, middle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"centrum","meaning":"center, middle point","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["central","centric","centrifuge","concentrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heart","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"982021c7-1dfe-4b10-9483-c6042a5d9d1f","word":"century","definition":"A period of one hundred years.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"siglo","language_family":"latin","root":"centuria","root_meaning":"a division of a hundred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*dekm-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1530s","word":"century","meaning":"A period of 100 years.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"centuria","meaning":"A group of a hundred.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"centum","meaning":"Hundred.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*dekm-","meaning":"Ten.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["cent","percent","centimeter","centurion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hundred years","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"era","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:38:47.968Z"}
{"id":"ea307842-421f-4fae-a519-3b6b5f436241","word":"ceramic","definition":"Made of clay and hardened by heat.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cerámica","language_family":"greek","root":"keramos","root_meaning":"potter's clay, earthenware","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*kerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ceramic","meaning":"made of clay","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"keramikē","meaning":"of pottery","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"keramos","meaning":"potter's clay, earthenware","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ceramics","keramic","kiln","crockery","pottery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earthenware","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pottery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fired","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"fe4d821f-4730-44e3-a17c-07edcb707736","word":"cereal","definition":"A grain used for food, such as wheat, oats, or corn.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cereal","language_family":"latin","root":"Ceres","root_meaning":"Roman goddess of agriculture","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cereal","meaning":"a grain used for food","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cerealis","meaning":"of grain, of Ceres","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ceres","meaning":"Roman goddess of agriculture","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Ceres","create","creative","procreate","ceremony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oats","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wheat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"13fff365-8942-4a6e-98e3-b02caa5bdb71","word":"cerebral","definition":"Relating to the brain or to intellectual activity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cerebral","language_family":"latin","root":"cerebrum","root_meaning":"brain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cerebral","meaning":"relating to the brain or to intellectual activity","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"cérébral","meaning":"relating to the brain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cerebrum","meaning":"brain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cerebrum","cerebellum","cerebrate","cerebration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intellectual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brainy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"thoughtful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"3ca817c5-7676-4842-9c91-3a49b169cd99","word":"ceremonial","definition":"Relating to or used in formal religious or public ceremonies and rites.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ceremonial","language_family":"latin","root":"caerimonia","root_meaning":"religious rite, sacred observance, reverential worship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ceremonial","meaning":"of or relating to formal ceremony","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"ceremoniālis","meaning":"pertaining to ceremony","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ceremony","meaning":"formal religious rite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caerimonia","meaning":"religious rite, sanctity, reverence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ceremony","ceremonious","ceremoniously","unceremonious","ceremonialist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ritual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liturgical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"solemn","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"bd1caae0-6fc5-4740-b791-77895370f230","word":"ceremony","definition":"A formal event performed on a special occasion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ceremonia","language_family":"french","root":"ceremonie","root_meaning":"sacred rite","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"caerimōnia","meaning":"Sacredness, reverence, religious rite.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ceremonie","meaning":"Sacred rite, formal observance.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ceremony","meaning":"A formal ritual or event.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ceremonia","meaning":"Ceremony.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["ceremonial","ceremonious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ritual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"9c2528dc-285c-40ab-89eb-41a8a54494df","word":"certain","definition":"Known for sure; unable to be doubted.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cierto","language_family":"french","root":"certus","root_meaning":"decided, resolved, sure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*krei-","meaning":"To sieve, to separate, to decide.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"cernere","meaning":"To sift, to decide.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"certus","meaning":"Decided, settled, sure.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"certain","meaning":"Sure, determined.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"certain","meaning":"Definitely known; sure.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cierto","meaning":"Certain, sure.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["certainly","uncertainty","certificate","certify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"definite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indubitable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"1fec774c-2d69-4dfa-baca-49c2a95e0396","word":"certainly","definition":"Without doubt; definitely; in a way that is sure or certain.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"ciertamente","language_family":"latin","root":"certus","root_meaning":"determined, sure, settled","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"certainly","meaning":"without doubt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"certain","meaning":"sure, reliable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certus","meaning":"settled, sure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certain","certainty","ascertain","certify","certificate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"definitely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undoubtedly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"surely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"b7a383c1-2685-408d-985f-1a1134653227","word":"certainty","definition":"The state of being certain; freedom from doubt.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"certeza","language_family":"latin","root":"certus","root_meaning":"sure, fixed, decided","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"certainty","meaning":"The state of being certain; freedom from doubt.","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"certain","meaning":"determined, fixed, sure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certus","meaning":"sure, fixed, resolved","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cernere","meaning":"to sift, separate, decide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certain","uncertain","certify","certitude","certainly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assurance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sureness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"65189bc2-7bec-4be8-b5f0-58da58d7feb5","word":"certificate","definition":"An official document attesting to a fact, qualification, or achievement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"certificado","language_family":"latin","root":"certificare","root_meaning":"to assure, to make certain","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"certificate","meaning":"formal document confirming something","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"certificat","meaning":"certified, assured","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"certificare","meaning":"to make certain, to assure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certus","meaning":"determined, sure, fixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certify","certified","certification","certifiable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diploma","formality":"formal"},{"word":"credential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"document","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"225054cb-ac53-4c73-8bea-32c6de3e53da","word":"certificates","definition":"Official documents testifying to the truth of something or conferring a right or qualification.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"certificados","language_family":"latin","root":"certificare","root_meaning":"to make certain, to assure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"certificates","meaning":"official documents conferring rights or confirming facts","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"certificate","meaning":"an official document","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"certificare","meaning":"to make certain, to assure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certus + facere","meaning":"certain + to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certificate","certify","certitude","certain","certifiable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"credentials","formality":"formal"},{"word":"documents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diploma","formality":"formal"},{"word":"testimonial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"7237bbcb-1be0-44b4-84df-6aadecc29773","word":"certification","definition":"A formal document or process confirming that someone or something meets specified standards or requirements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"certificación","language_family":"latin","root":"certificare","root_meaning":"to make certain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"certification","meaning":"formal confirmation of standards","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"certify","meaning":"to make certain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certificare","meaning":"to make certain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certus","meaning":"certain, sure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certify","certificate","certainty","certain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attestation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"credential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"documentation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"03d266aa-dfd1-4f2c-a0dc-f13217185d23","word":"certified","definition":"Officially verified, confirmed, or validated as meeting required standards.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"certificado","language_family":"latin","root":"certus","root_meaning":"sure, certain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"certified","meaning":"officially verified","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"certify","meaning":"to make certain or assure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certus","meaning":"sure, certain, determined","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certify","certificate","certainty","certain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"verified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authenticated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"licensed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accredited","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"2cd783da-8d4b-401b-886e-13ae3fb8ad2a","word":"certify","definition":"To attest or confirm in a formal or official way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"certificar","language_family":"latin","root":"certus","root_meaning":"sure, certain, fixed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"certify","meaning":"to attest or confirm...","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"certifier","meaning":"to assure, make certain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certificus","meaning":"making certain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"certus","meaning":"sure, certain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certain","certificate","discern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"confirm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"83127752-b608-42a2-8dcf-5dce1fd7aa08","word":"cha","definition":"Tea, especially as consumed in parts of Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"chá","root_meaning":"tea","root_language":"Mandarin Chinese","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cha","meaning":"tea","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cha","meaning":"tea","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"chá","meaning":"tea","children":[],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tea","chai","char"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tea","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chai","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"5b005e3e-3f37-459b-9361-cce76083b9bd","word":"chain","definition":"A series of connected metal links used for fastening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cadena","language_family":"french","root":"chaeine","root_meaning":"chain, bond","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"catēna","meaning":"Chain, fetter, restraint.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chaeine","meaning":"Chain, bond, series.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chain","meaning":"A series of linked rings.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cadena","meaning":"Chain.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["chained","chainmail","unchained"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shackle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fetter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"c6bd1f4a-0eb8-4b41-bb4e-bc88b738a73e","word":"chair","definition":"A separate seat for one person with a back and legs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"silla","language_family":"french","root":"chaiere","root_meaning":"seat, throne","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cathedra","meaning":"Seat, chair, professorial chair.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chaiere","meaning":"Seat, throne, pulpit.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chair","meaning":"A seat with a back.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"silla","meaning":"Chair.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["chairman","chairperson","cathedral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throne","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"358acae7-d481-45fd-bcdb-bfdefc25b66b","word":"chairman","definition":"A person who presides over a meeting, board, or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"chair","root_meaning":"seat of authority","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chairman","meaning":"person who presides","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chair","meaning":"seat, throne of authority","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chaiere","meaning":"chair, seat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cathedra","meaning":"seat, chair","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"human being, male person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chair","chairwoman","chairperson","chairmanship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"president","formality":"formal"},{"word":"presiding officer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"f10dce72-f8ac-4030-b930-d55d11e0de71","word":"challenge","definition":"A call to participate in a contest or a demanding task.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desafío","language_family":"french","root":"chalenge","root_meaning":"accusation, claim","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"calumnia","meaning":"Trickery, false accusation.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chalenge","meaning":"Accusation, claim, dispute.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"challenge","meaning":"A contest, demanding task.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"desafío","meaning":"Challenge.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["challenger","challenging","challenged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"test","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"0ec1fb54-f80b-41c4-acd7-ce4410eb0db3","word":"challenger","definition":"A challenger is a person or thing that contests, questions, or opposes an existing claim, holder, or position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"calumnia","root_meaning":"false accusation; slander","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"challenger","meaning":"one who contests or disputes an existing claim, holder, or position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"challenge","meaning":"to call into question or dispute","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chalengier","meaning":"to accuse, claim, or dispute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calumnia","meaning":"false accusation; slander","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["challenge","challenged","challenging","unchallenged","challengeable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opponent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rival","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"1721ed74-803b-4ad4-be55-17970477f54a","word":"chamber","definition":"A large room used for formal or official events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cámara","language_family":"french","root":"chambre","root_meaning":"room, bedchamber","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"camera","meaning":"Vault, arched room.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chambre","meaning":"Room, bedchamber.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chamber","meaning":"A room, especially a formal one.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cámara","meaning":"Chamber, room.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["chambermaid","antechamber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"room","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"1732f0f3-83df-45d2-af74-001d2662d633","word":"chamberlain","definition":"An official who oversees a household, chamber, or court office.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"camera","root_meaning":"room, chamber","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chamberlain","meaning":"household or court official","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chamberlein","meaning":"court or household officer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chamberlain","meaning":"officer of the chamber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"camera","meaning":"room, chamber","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chamber","chambers","chamberlaincy","chamberlainship","chambering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"court officer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"household official","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"59317086-7021-4ed5-b461-c6b81699d4b9","word":"champagne","definition":"A sparkling white wine, typically made in the Champagne region of France.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"champán","language_family":"french","root":"Champagne","root_meaning":"open country","root_language":"French","root_era":"17th C","proto_root":"*kamp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"champagne","meaning":"sparkling wine","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"Champagne","meaning":"name of a region in France","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campania","meaning":"open country, plain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campus","meaning":"field","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["campaign","camp","campus","champion","countryside","field"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bubbly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sparkling wine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fizz","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"70bf05d8-8363-4d51-8e27-4da7221da588","word":"champion","definition":"A person who has surpassed all rivals in a competition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"campeón","language_family":"french","root":"champion","root_meaning":"fighter, warrior","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"campiōnem","meaning":"Gladiator, fighter, from campus (field).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"champion","meaning":"Fighter, warrior, defender.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"champion","meaning":"A winner, defender.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"campeón","meaning":"Champion.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["championship","championed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"winner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a14a5a20-9610-41b6-a9e2-424affc79a6b","word":"championship","definition":"A contest or series of contests to determine a champion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"campo","language_family":"latin","root":"campus","root_meaning":"field, plain, battlefield","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"championship","meaning":"contest for a champion","children":[{"era":"current","word":"champion","meaning":"victor, fighter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"champioun","meaning":"fighter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"champion","meaning":"fighter, combatant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campio","meaning":"fighter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"campus","meaning":"field, battlefield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["champion","field","campaign","campus","encamp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trophy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tournament","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"c61f3773-6c03-4e37-91fa-20e6ebb5fcef","word":"chance","definition":"A possibility of something happening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"chance","language_family":"french","root":"cheance","root_meaning":"fortune, luck","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"cadentia","meaning":"A falling, from cadere (to fall).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cheance","meaning":"Fortune, luck, accident.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chance","meaning":"Possibility, luck.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"chance","meaning":"Chance, luck.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["chancellor","mischance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opportunity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"c16bddcd-d5ba-47dc-8497-3f24dbf6c90a","word":"chancellor","definition":"A senior state or legal official.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"canciller","language_family":"latin","root":"cancellarius","root_meaning":"doorkeeper, secretary","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chancellor","meaning":"A senior state or legal official.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chancelier","meaning":"chancellor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cancellarius","meaning":"doorkeeper, secretary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cancelli","meaning":"latticework, barrier","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cancel","chancel","chancery","lattice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"minister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"premier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dignitary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"ac4e44f8-3ac5-41c5-b685-67d1c64ae17d","word":"chandler","definition":"A person who makes or sells candles; a dealer in provisions and supplies of a specified kind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"candelero","language_family":"latin","root":"chandelier","root_meaning":"candlemaker, candlestick","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chandler","meaning":"A person who makes or sells candles or provisions.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chandeler","meaning":"candlemaker","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chandelier","meaning":"candlemaker, candlestick","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"candela","meaning":"candle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["candle","chandelier","incandescent","candelabrum","chandlery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"candlemaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provisioner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purveyor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"b7a98c77-7edb-456a-9252-fbe0dd5ddb1b","word":"change","definition":"To make or become different; an act or process of becoming different.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cambiar","language_family":"french","root":"changier","root_meaning":"to exchange, to barter","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*kamb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"400s","word":"cambire","meaning":"To exchange.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"changier","meaning":"To change, to exchange.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"change","meaning":"To make different.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cambiar","meaning":"To change, to exchange.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Late Latin"},"related_words":["exchange","interchange","changeling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"modify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"52031a6d-4b96-4fc6-9925-0ac58f28f7fa","word":"changed","definition":"Made different or caused to become something else.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cambiar","language_family":"latin","root":"Old French changer","root_meaning":"to change, exchange","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"changed","meaning":"made different","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"change","meaning":"to alter or exchange","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"changer","meaning":"to change, exchange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cambium","meaning":"exchange","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["change","changeable","exchange","interchange","unchanging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"altered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transformed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"switched","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"28b264a8-f146-4eea-bccf-ca439dfe335c","word":"changes","definition":"Plural of change; instances of becoming different or causing something to become different.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cambios","language_family":"latin","root":"cambiare","root_meaning":"to exchange or barter","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"changes","meaning":"instances of alteration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"change","meaning":"to make different","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"change","meaning":"to exchange","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cambiare","meaning":"to exchange or barter","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["change","changed","changing","changeable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alterations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"modifications","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shifts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transformations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"50be8507-4ddd-480a-a1fb-2aa06de77fe2","word":"changing","definition":"Undergoing or causing to undergo alteration or transformation in condition or character.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cambio","language_family":"french","root":"cambium","root_meaning":"exchange, barter","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"changing","meaning":"altering or transforming","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"change","meaning":"to alter, exchange","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"changer","meaning":"to exchange, barter","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"cambium","meaning":"exchange, barter","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["change","changeable","unchanged","exchange","interchange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"altering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transforming","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shifting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modifying","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"a1d87407-4aca-4460-aa21-44cd261b4305","word":"channel","definition":"A length of water wider than a strait or a medium for communication.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"canal","language_family":"french","root":"chanel","root_meaning":"bed of a waterway","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"canālis","meaning":"Pipe, groove, channel.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chanel","meaning":"Bed of a waterway, gutter.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"channel","meaning":"A waterway, medium of communication.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"canal","meaning":"Channel, canal.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["channeling","channeled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conduit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"b6fc285f-4ac4-43ef-bd50-4c6eb4c7782d","word":"chant","definition":"To sing or intone words or phrases in a repetitive, rhythmic way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cantar","language_family":"latin","root":"chanter","root_meaning":"to sing","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*kan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chant","meaning":"To sing rhythmically","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"chant","meaning":"to sing","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"chanter","meaning":"to sing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cantare","meaning":"to sing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incantation","canticle","canto","descant","enchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intone","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recite","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"be72b89b-4be2-49d7-b2ba-d08103f6bf3a","word":"chaos","definition":"Complete disorder and confusion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caos","language_family":"greek","root":"khaos","root_meaning":"vast chasm, void","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~700 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"kháos (χάος)","meaning":"The gaping void that existed before the creation of the world, in Hesiod's Theogony.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"chaos","meaning":"Utter confusion and disorder.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"caos","meaning":"Chaos.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["chaotic","gas","chasm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disorder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pandemonium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mayhem","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"be3a5ce9-8ee7-44cc-9392-401dc2b37962","word":"chaotic","definition":"Characterized by chaos; highly disordered and unpredictable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"caótico","language_family":"greek","root":"χάος","root_meaning":"gaping void; abyss","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chaotic","meaning":"characterized by chaos","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"chaoticus","meaning":"of or pertaining to chaos","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chaos","meaning":"chaos; primordial void","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"χάος","meaning":"gaping void; abyss","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chaos","chaotically","chaoticity","chaoticness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disordered","formality":"formal"},{"word":"disorganized","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jumbled","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"65f14c2a-c4a5-427e-82ba-a8cd412d16f4","word":"chap","definition":"(Of skin) to develop chaps; become rough and cracked.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chap","meaning":"to develop cracks or become rough","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"chap","meaning":"to break, to crack (uncertain origin, possibly related to chop or gape)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chapped","chapfallen","chop","gape"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"split","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roughen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"0c67bf32-00a0-4c6a-8aec-8032625eaf2a","word":"chaperone","definition":"A person, typically older, who accompanies and supervises young people at social events; in biochemistry, a protein that assists in correct folding of other proteins.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"chaperon","root_meaning":"hood, protective head covering","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chaperone","meaning":"supervisor of young people; protein folder","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"chaperon","meaning":"older person accompanying a young woman as protector","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chaperon","meaning":"hood, protective covering for the head","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chape","meaning":"cape, hood","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"cappa","meaning":"hood, cap","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chaperon","chaperonage","cape","cap","chapel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"escort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duenna","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"companion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"6c8c5d11-d843-4fdb-a1b7-659e463ec65c","word":"chaplain","definition":"A clergyman appointed to conduct religious services for a private institution, military unit, prison, or similar body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capellán","language_family":"french","root":"Late Latin capella","root_meaning":"little cape; chapel","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chaplain","meaning":"a clergyman appointed to conduct religious services for a private institution, military unit, prison, or similar body","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chapelein","meaning":"clergyman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cappellanus","meaning":"clergyman; custodian of St. Martin's cloak","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"capella","meaning":"little cape; chapel, sanctuary","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chapel","chaplaincy","chaplaincy","chapelain","chapelry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cleric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ecclesiastic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"a946214d-dcf0-4e5a-928a-a7815257752c","word":"chapman","definition":"An archaic word for a merchant or peddler, especially one who traveled to trade goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann","root_meaning":"dealer, merchant","root_language":"Proto-West Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chapman","meaning":"an archaic merchant or peddler","children":[{"era":"c. 1100-1500","word":"chapman","meaning":"merchant, dealer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ċēapmann","meaning":"dealer, merchant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kaupamann","meaning":"dealer, merchant","children":[{"era":"current","word":"cheap","meaning":"trade, bargain","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"man","meaning":"person","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheap","chap","chapmen","cheapen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merchant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peddler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"593bd52b-99c5-41a5-8283-f4c62d487c9a","word":"chapter","definition":"A main division of a book or a period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"capítulo","language_family":"french","root":"chapitre","root_meaning":"chapter, heading","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"capitulum","meaning":"Little head, chapter, from caput (head).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chapitre","meaning":"Chapter, heading, section.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chapter","meaning":"A division of a book.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"capítulo","meaning":"Chapter.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["capital","decapitate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"d7393dd2-22c0-4be7-a05d-ed7aa34ea6c0","word":"char","definition":"To burn and blacken something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cearcol","root_meaning":"charcoal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"char","meaning":"to burn and blacken","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"charcoal","meaning":"wood prepared for burning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cearcol","meaning":"charcoal (composed of cearr 'turn' and col 'coal')","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charcoal","charring","charred","coal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scorch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"singe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"7c8dbcbc-4757-4015-a923-baf6d4092ea8","word":"character","definition":"The mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual; a person in a novel or film.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carácter","language_family":"greek","root":"kharaktēr","root_meaning":"engraved mark, distinctive quality","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"400s BCE","proto_root":"*gher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*gher-","meaning":"To scrape, to scratch.","children":[{"era":"500s BCE","word":"kharassein","meaning":"To engrave, to scratch.","children":[{"era":"400s BCE","word":"kharaktēr","meaning":"Distinctive mark, imprint.","children":[{"era":"100s","word":"character","meaning":"Symbol, distinctive quality.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"character","meaning":"Qualities of a person; role in a story.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"carácter","meaning":"Character, nature.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["characteristic","characterize","charade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"personality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disposition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"dc67010a-ffb7-4577-8748-d9afe66b2532","word":"characteristic","definition":"A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"característica","language_family":"greek","root":"kharaktēr","root_meaning":"engraving tool, imprinted mark","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵʰerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"characteristic","meaning":"A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"caractéristique","meaning":"characteristic","children":[{"era":"300-600 AD","word":"characteristicus","meaning":"characteristic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kharaktēristikos","meaning":"distinctive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kharaktēr","meaning":"engraving tool, imprinted mark","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["character","characterize","charisma","characterization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"typical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinctive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peculiar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"be244419-830c-4c33-a60d-0b7a3d2125a3","word":"characterize","definition":"Describe the distinctive nature or features of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"caracterizar","language_family":"greek","root":"kharakter","root_meaning":"engraving tool, imprinted mark, distinctive quality","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*ǵʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"characterize","meaning":"Describe distinctive features","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"caractériser","meaning":"to characterize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kharakterizein","meaning":"to characterize","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"kharakter","meaning":"engraving tool, mark, quality","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["character","characteristic","charisma","charismatic","charactery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"describe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"define","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"represent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"9a65a690-dc10-4ce9-8b86-32f6929a08cd","word":"characters","definition":"Distinctive qualities or features of a person or thing; symbols representing sounds or letters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caracteres","language_family":"greek","root":"charassein","root_meaning":"to engrave, mark, cut","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"characters","meaning":"distinctive qualities or features; symbols representing sounds or letters","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"character","meaning":"a distinctive quality; a letter or symbol","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"character","meaning":"a distinctive mark or quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charakter","meaning":"an engraved mark, a distinctive feature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charassein","meaning":"to engrave, mark, cut","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["character","characterize","characteristic","charades"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"qualities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"symbols","formality":"technical"},{"word":"letters","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"10f4fb7e-f31d-4a2e-a796-7b227de32af2","word":"charade","definition":"a guessing game in which players act out words or phrases, or a deceptive pretense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"charrada","root_meaning":"conversation; chatter","root_language":"Occitan","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charade","meaning":"a guessing game or a deceptive pretense","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charade","meaning":"idle conversation; a kind of riddle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charrada","meaning":"conversation; chatter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charrar","meaning":"to chat; to chatter","children":[],"language":"Occitan"}],"language":"Occitan"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charades","charading","charadist","charade-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pretense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"farce","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"a2492043-5da1-49be-ac91-7b407938bcf9","word":"charcoal","definition":"A black, porous form of carbon made by heating wood or other organic material with little oxygen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"carbo","root_meaning":"coal, charcoal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charcoal","meaning":"carbonized wood used as fuel or pigment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"char","meaning":"to burn or reduce to charcoal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charbon","meaning":"coal, charcoal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carbo","meaning":"coal, live coal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"coal","meaning":"solid fuel from carbonized matter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["char","charred","charcoalize","charcoaly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"char","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carbonized wood","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cinder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"94cf67f2-e49b-4475-a0be-973f751ec7e4","word":"charge","definition":"To demand payment or to rush forward in attack.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cargar","language_family":"french","root":"chargier","root_meaning":"to load, burden","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"carricāre","meaning":"To load a cart, from carrus (wagon).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chargier","meaning":"To load, burden, accuse.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charge","meaning":"To demand payment, to attack.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cargar","meaning":"To load, charge.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["discharge","recharge","charger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"levy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"e23205e9-917f-41f5-8508-522339fa1e29","word":"charger","definition":"A device for charging a battery; also, a horse trained for battle or parade.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cargador","language_family":"french","root":"chargier","root_meaning":"to load, burden","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*karh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charger","meaning":"charging device; warhorse","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"charger","meaning":"large dish; warhorse","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chargier","meaning":"to load, burden, attack","children":[{"era":"pre-600","word":"*carricare","meaning":"to load a cart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carrus","meaning":"wagon, cart","children":[{"era":"pre-100","word":"*karros","meaning":"wagon, cart","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*karh₂-","meaning":"to run, cart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Gaulish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charge","cargo","car","carry","discharge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adapter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"power pack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steed","formality":"literary"},{"word":"warhorse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"26a6d39c-addd-4ffe-b7ea-ae9d30a70103","word":"charges","definition":"Plural of charge; costs, accusations, or electrical quantities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cargos","language_family":"french","root":"caricare","root_meaning":"to load, burden","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charges","meaning":"plural of charge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charge","meaning":"load, burden, cost","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"charger","meaning":"to load, burden","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"caricare","meaning":"to load, burden","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charge","charger","charging","charged","chargeable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"costs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accusations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fees","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prices","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"0047ed28-bda4-440b-8fb1-c606e87b89e1","word":"charisma","definition":"A compelling personal quality or divine gift that inspires devotion, enthusiasm, or loyalty in others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carisma","language_family":"greek","root":"kharisma","root_meaning":"gift of divine grace or favor","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charisma","meaning":"compelling personal magnetism","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"charisma","meaning":"divine gift or spiritual grace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khárisma","meaning":"gift of grace, favor bestowed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kháris","meaning":"grace, beauty, favor","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin / theological Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charismatic","charism","charismata","Eucharist","charity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnetism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appeal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"cf90bdaf-2e99-4a9f-b980-00e0384aa501","word":"charitable","definition":"Relating to the assistance of those in need; benevolent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"caritativo","language_family":"latin","root":"caritas","root_meaning":"affection, love, benevolence, charity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keh₂r-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charitable","meaning":"Relating to the assistance of those in need; benevolent.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"charité","meaning":"Christian love, generosity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caritas","meaning":"affection, love, benevolence, charity","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charity","charism","charitable","charitably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"generous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benevolent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"philanthropic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"giving","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"6bb4ee7a-94c1-4994-b39b-4cd8e46ef022","word":"charity","definition":"The voluntary giving of help, typically in the form of money, to those in need.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"caridad","language_family":"french","root":"caritas","root_meaning":"costly love, esteem, benevolence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charity","meaning":"The voluntary giving of help, typically in the form of money, to those in need.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"charite","meaning":"Christian love","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caritas","meaning":"costly love, esteem, benevolence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carus","meaning":"dear, beloved","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charitable","caring","cherish","caress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"benevolence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"philanthropy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"generosity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"de5f378c-d91f-4e16-b17a-593edc41e557","word":"charles","definition":"A male given name of Germanic origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Carlos","language_family":"germanic","root":"karl","root_meaning":"a man, fellow","root_language":"Old German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*karlaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Charles","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Charles","meaning":"man, fellow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Karl","meaning":"a man, fellow","children":[],"language":"Old German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Charlie","Charlene","Carl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Chad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Christopher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Carlos","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"e594925c-06df-4420-a758-ad4f4692b6e2","word":"charley","definition":"A fool or simpleton; also an informal variant of Charlie.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Carlos","language_family":"germanic","root":"Karl","root_meaning":"man; husband; free man","root_language":"Middle High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charley","meaning":"a fool or simpleton; an informal variant of Charlie","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Charlie","meaning":"a fool; the personal name used as the source of the slang term","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Charles","meaning":"male personal name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Carolus","meaning":"Latin form of Charles","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Karl","meaning":"man; husband; free man","children":[],"language":"Middle High German"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Charlie","Charles","Carl","Carlos"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fool","formality":"informal"},{"word":"simpleton","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dupe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"81c88855-c769-46ab-9b19-03b2cece6900","word":"charm","definition":"The power of delighting or attracting people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"encanto","language_family":"french","root":"charme","root_meaning":"magic spell, enchantment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"carmen","meaning":"Song, incantation, charm.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"charme","meaning":"Magic spell, enchantment.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charm","meaning":"Attractiveness, magic spell.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"encanto","meaning":"Charm, enchantment.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["charming","charmed","disenchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnetism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"d41cad69-d724-4acc-a967-36beac460a99","word":"chart","definition":"A sheet displaying information in the form of a table, graph, or map.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carta","language_family":"latin","root":"charta","root_meaning":"papyrus paper or document","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chart","meaning":"information display sheet","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"charte","meaning":"map or document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charta","meaning":"papyrus paper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charter","card","cartoon","character"],"synonyms":[{"word":"graph","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diagram","formality":"formal"},{"word":"map","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"8ec89f4d-b7c6-430d-a9ae-60a4c7fb0379","word":"charter","definition":"A written grant by the sovereign or legislative power of a country, by which a body such as a borough, company, or university is created or its rights and privileges defined.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"carta","language_family":"latin","root":"charta","root_meaning":"paper, leaf, written document","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charter","meaning":"written grant","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"charte","meaning":"letter, document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charta","meaning":"paper, leaf, written document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khartēs","meaning":"papyrus, written sheet","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chart","cartography","carte","parchment","discard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"document","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"license","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"6c28bd16-a4d9-4518-9ce6-637d842e1111","word":"charts","definition":"Visual representations of data or information in the form of diagrams or graphs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cartas","language_family":"greek","root":"chartis","root_meaning":"leaf of papyrus","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"charts","meaning":"visual data representations","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"chart","meaning":"map, document","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"charte","meaning":"paper, document, map","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"charta","meaning":"papyrus, document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chartis","meaning":"leaf of papyrus","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chart","charter","card","chart","charcuterie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diagrams","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graphs","formality":"technical"},{"word":"maps","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tables","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"d3c54254-f301-4a61-bae3-6a80b39501b7","word":"chase","definition":"To pursue in order to catch or catch up with.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cazar","language_family":"french","root":"chacier","root_meaning":"to hunt, pursue","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"captāre","meaning":"To try to seize, catch at.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chacier","meaning":"To hunt, pursue, drive.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chase","meaning":"To pursue, hunt.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cazar","meaning":"To hunt.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["chasing","chaser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pursue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hunt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"37d88436-e64d-4171-8d2b-44cf7714af25","word":"chassis","definition":"The base frame of a motor vehicle or other wheeled conveyance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"chasis","language_family":"french","root":"capsa","root_meaning":"box, case","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chassis","meaning":"The base frame of a motor vehicle or other wheeled conveyance.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"châssis","meaning":"frame, casing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capsa","meaning":"box, case","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["case","capsule","caption","catch","capacitate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skeleton","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"dd162a33-5ff6-4924-b743-f406484c5ebe","word":"chastity","definition":"Chastity is the quality of sexual purity or abstinence, especially in moral or religious contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"castidad","language_family":"latin","root":"castus","root_meaning":"pure, chaste","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chastity","meaning":"sexual purity or abstinence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chasteté","meaning":"chastity, purity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"castitas","meaning":"purity, moral cleanliness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"castus","meaning":"pure, chaste","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chaste","chastely","chasteness","castity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"celibacy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"6cd8896a-3ab3-4716-8f7a-d61b9a4ca2d1","word":"chat","definition":"To have a casual conversation with someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"chatter","root_meaning":"to chatter, talk rapidly","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"chat","meaning":"to talk casually","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chatter","meaning":"to talk rapidly or continuously","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["chatter","chatty","chatting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"talk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"converse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gossip","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"2bd8245d-bb9f-4db0-87be-fe60ed2be862","word":"chatter","definition":"To talk rapidly and incessantly about trivial matters.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*ceteren","root_meaning":"chatter, prattle","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chatter","meaning":"talk rapidly and incessantly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chateren","meaning":"to chatter, prattle","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chitchat","prattle","jabber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"babble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gossip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"f3c6892e-c838-4063-92c5-799872d1b6c0","word":"chauffeur","definition":"A person employed to drive a private car, originally one who tended the fire in a steam vehicle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Vulgar Latin calefacere","root_meaning":"to make warm","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chauffeur","meaning":"a private professional driver","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"chauffeur","meaning":"one who tends a motor vehicle; driver","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chauffer","meaning":"to heat; make warm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calefacere","meaning":"to make warm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"calēre","meaning":"to be warm","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French/French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chauffeuse","chauffage","chauffeur-driven","chauffeurship","chauffe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"driver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"car driver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chaffeur","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"38e1de47-ba8c-471b-8fb2-2764da71756a","word":"cheap","definition":"Inexpensive; costing little money.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceap","root_meaning":"to buy, barter, trade","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheap","meaning":"inexpensive","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cheap","meaning":"a bargain, inexpensive","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ceap","meaning":"to buy, barter, trade, price","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheapen","cheapskate","cheaper","cheaply"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inexpensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affordable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"low-cost","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"b75cfb5a-c6cf-4d03-b3f0-bedd645b2686","word":"cheat","definition":"To act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"escheoir","root_meaning":"to fall to one's lot, happen","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheat","meaning":"To act dishonestly or unfairly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"eschete","meaning":"legal forfeiture","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"escheoir","meaning":"to fall to one's lot, happen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cadere","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["escheat","chance","casualty","accident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deceive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defraud","formality":"formal"},{"word":"swindle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"2ae204d5-83f2-4068-b11f-2023dcaaae4a","word":"check","definition":"To verify, examine, or confirm something; also a method of payment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cheque","language_family":"french","root":"chec","root_meaning":"king (in chess), check","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"check","meaning":"to verify or control","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"check","meaning":"to control or examine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chec","meaning":"king (chess), check","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["checking","checker","checkup","checklist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"verify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"examine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inspect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"a529831d-8eba-4808-b631-4651848710df","word":"checklist","definition":"a list of items required, things to be done, or points to be considered, used as a reminder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"check + list","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1930s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"checklist","meaning":"list of items to check","children":[{"era":"1930s (component)","word":"check","meaning":"to examine, verify","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1930s (component)","word":"list","meaning":"a series of names or items written or printed together","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["checkpoint","listing","listicle","to-do list"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inventory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agenda","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"704c4e28-e5a4-4e91-b980-163a05dc7a08","word":"checkout","definition":"The process of paying for goods at a store, or a counter where this occurs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"check","root_meaning":"to stop, verify","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"checkout","meaning":"place or process of paying for goods","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"checkout","meaning":"counter where items are purchased","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"check","meaning":"to stop, examine, verify","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"check","meaning":"stop (in chess)","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["check","checking","checked","checker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"register","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"point of sale","formality":"technical"},{"word":"till","formality":"informal"},{"word":"counter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"89acaaed-01d3-407d-9adf-9588d06672a1","word":"cheek","definition":"Either side of the face below the eye and above the mouth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceace","root_meaning":"jaw, jawbone","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheek","meaning":"side of face","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceace","meaning":"jaw, jawbone","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jaw","jowl","chops"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"side of face","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"884f91f1-4b81-4e3e-8b01-e470aabd4277","word":"cheeky","definition":"Impudent or irreverent, typically in a playful or endearing way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceace","root_meaning":"jaw, cheek","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheeky","meaning":"impudent in a playful way","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cheek","meaning":"side of the face","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceace","meaning":"jaw, cheek","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheek","chin","cheekbone","cheekiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impudent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sassy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"audacious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impertinent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"6c0a78dd-f213-4cc9-ad3b-006cd680c869","word":"cheer","definition":"To shout for joy or in praise or encouragement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"chiere","root_meaning":"face, countenance, mood","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheer","meaning":"to shout for joy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chere","meaning":"face, countenance, reception","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chiere","meaning":"face, countenance, mood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cara","meaning":"face","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["countenance","face","chary","charisma"],"synonyms":[{"word":"applaud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encourage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"root for","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"c867a229-f9df-4aa9-a9d6-ec6684613f3a","word":"cheerio","definition":"A casual British exclamation used to say goodbye or to express good wishes, especially when raising a drink.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"chiere","root_meaning":"face, countenance, expression","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheerio","meaning":"casual farewell or toast","children":[{"era":"early 1900s","word":"cheerio","meaning":"goodbye; cheers (diminutive of cheer + -io suffix)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cheer","meaning":"face, mood; later, shout of encouragement or goodwill","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chiere","meaning":"face, expression","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"cara","meaning":"face","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kara","meaning":"head, face","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"British English colloquial"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheer","cheerful","cheery","cheers","cheerfully"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farewell","formality":"formal"},{"word":"goodbye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheers","formality":"informal"},{"word":"toodle-oo","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"e98d4c48-505b-4862-82fe-46dba4d6afa9","word":"cheese","definition":"A food product made from the pressed curds of milk, often ripened.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"queso","language_family":"latin","root":"caseus","root_meaning":"cheese","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheese","meaning":"food from curds","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cēse","meaning":"cheese","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caseus","meaning":"cheese","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheesecake","casein","cheeseburger","cheesy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dairy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formaggio","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"d78c76b3-9e0b-4f46-be3f-ab635d32671b","word":"cheeseburger","definition":"A hamburger topped with cheese.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hamburger","root_meaning":"a hamburger sandwich named from Hamburg","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheeseburger","meaning":"a hamburger topped with cheese","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cheese","meaning":"the dairy food made from curdled milk","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"hamburger","meaning":"a ground-beef sandwich named from Hamburg","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Hamburg","meaning":"the German city name behind hamburger","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheese","hamburger","cheeseburgers","burger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cheese burger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hamburger with cheese","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheesehamburger","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"6e0ca218-aecd-4280-8728-104b8c0f6c6b","word":"cheesecake","definition":"Cheesecake is a dessert made with a sweet filling of cheese or cream cheese on a crust or base.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheesecake","meaning":"a dessert made with cheese or cream cheese on a crust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cheese","meaning":"curdled milk product","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cake","meaning":"a baked sweet or bread-like food","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheeses","cheesy","cakes","cheesecakes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cheese pie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheese tart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheese dessert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"932bdfa9-78c2-4884-8277-fa42c815e1a3","word":"cheesy","definition":"Resembling cheese, or figuratively overly sentimental, corny, or low-quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"cāseus","root_meaning":"cheese","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheesy","meaning":"resembling cheese; also overly sentimental or corny","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chesy","meaning":"made of or like cheese","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cheese","meaning":"cheese","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cāseus","meaning":"cheese","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheese","cheesiness","cheesily","cheesier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mawkish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cloying","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"2ac9d55d-74a3-45ba-9454-8a8271c81438","word":"chef","definition":"A professional cook, typically the chief cook in a restaurant or hotel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jefe","language_family":"french","root":"chef","root_meaning":"head, chief","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chef","meaning":"A professional cook.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"chef","meaning":"head cook","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chef","meaning":"head, chief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caput","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"5000-3000 BCE","word":"*kaput-","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cheffy","sous chef","head chef","master chef","chief"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"culinarian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"saucier","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"51810bc5-3ae9-4887-a82d-9aff391416cc","word":"chemical","definition":"Relating to or produced by chemistry or chemicals.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"químico","language_family":"greek","root":"chemia","root_meaning":"alchemy, art of transmuting metals","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chemical","meaning":"relating to chemistry","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"chymical","meaning":"relating to alchemy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chemia","meaning":"alchemy, transmutation","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chemistry","chemist","chemically","alchemist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"molecular","formality":"technical"},{"word":"synthetic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"51ba3686-9347-4e53-b0d4-291db50aefbf","word":"chemist","definition":"A chemist is a person who studies, works with, or practices chemistry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"químico","language_family":"greek","root":"khēmeia","root_meaning":"alchemy, the art of transformation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chemist","meaning":"a person who studies or practices chemistry","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"chemistry","meaning":"the science of matter and its transformations","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"chimie","meaning":"alchemy, chemistry","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"chimia","meaning":"alchemy","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"al-kīmiyāʾ","meaning":"alchemy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khēmeia","meaning":"alchemy","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chemistry","chemical","alchemy","chemist's","química"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scientist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"researcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pharmacist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"7864aac2-1493-4e0f-9f52-08596536c111","word":"chemistry","definition":"The scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"química","language_family":"greek","root":"khemeia","root_meaning":"art of transmuting metals, black earth","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"4th century BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chemistry","meaning":"The scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"chimie","meaning":"chemistry","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"chemia","meaning":"alchemy, chemistry","children":[{"era":"9th century","word":"al-kīmiyāʾ","meaning":"the art of transmuting metals","children":[{"era":"4th century BCE","word":"khemeia","meaning":"art of transmuting metals, black earth","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alchemist","alchemy","chemical","chemist","biochemical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"science","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analysis","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"5da2a0f9-2685-481f-86bf-87f31c8fffa8","word":"chemo","definition":"Chemo is an informal shortening of chemotherapy, especially cancer drug treatment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"quimio","language_family":"greek","root":"khēmeía","root_meaning":"alchemy; chemistry","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chemo","meaning":"informal shortening of chemotherapy","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"chemotherapy","meaning":"treatment of disease, especially cancer, with chemicals or drugs","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"chemo-","meaning":"relating to chemistry or chemical treatment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khēmeía","meaning":"alchemy; chemistry","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English combining form"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chemotherapy","chemical","chemistry","chemist","chemotherapeutic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chemotherapy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cancer treatment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drug therapy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antineoplastic therapy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"cbde2254-cfb2-4080-b4a7-2078923593dd","word":"cheque","definition":"A written order to a bank to pay a stated sum from the drawer's account.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cheque","language_family":"french","root":"eschec","root_meaning":"a check (in chess), a stop, a delay","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cheque","meaning":"bank order for payment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"check","meaning":"a chess move; a stop","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"eschec","meaning":"a check (in chess), a defeat","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["check","exchequer","checker","treasury","bill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"draft","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bill of exchange","formality":"technical"},{"word":"money order","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"6e05ef41-b6f3-4370-b14f-dc62f86bdf6b","word":"cherish","definition":"To hold (something or someone) dear; to feel or show great love for.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"caricia","language_family":"french","root":"carus","root_meaning":"dear, beloved","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cherish","meaning":"to hold dear","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"cherir","meaning":"to hold dear, to love","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"carus","meaning":"dear, beloved","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charity","caress","darling","chary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treasure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nurture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"cee9a104-e3b4-44ff-ad9b-7e354de05727","word":"cherry","definition":"A small, round stone fruit that is typically bright red and sweet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cereza","language_family":"latin","root":"cerasum","root_meaning":"cherry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cherry","meaning":"fruit","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"cherise","meaning":"cherry","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"cerise","meaning":"cherry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cerasum","meaning":"cherry (from Greek kerasos)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cherries","cherry tree","cherry pie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"berry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"2bfed7ba-e559-4fb7-a055-ea16acd7507c","word":"chest","definition":"A large sturdy box used for storage, or the front part of the human torso enclosing the heart and lungs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"kistē","root_meaning":"box, basket","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kista-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chest","meaning":"storage box; thoracic cavity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cheste","meaning":"box, coffer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cista","meaning":"box, basket","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kistē","meaning":"box, basket for storing goods","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coffer","casket","cist","cistern","pectoral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coffer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"trunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"box","formality":"informal"},{"word":"thorax","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"44ebdc7b-e5d1-42bd-80c7-3be25fbd0977","word":"cheung","definition":"A common Chinese surname.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Zhāng (張)","root_meaning":"to open up, spread","root_language":"Old Chinese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Cheung","meaning":"Chinese surname","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Zhāng (張)","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Zhāng (張)","meaning":"to open up, spread","children":[],"language":"Old Chinese"}],"language":"Cantonese Romanization"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Zhang","Chang","surname","family name"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"372e2cf7-e34f-413f-93af-bac7c7e21abd","word":"chew","definition":"To masticate food; to bite and grind with the teeth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceowan","root_meaning":"to chew","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kewwaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chew","meaning":"To masticate food; to bite and grind with the teeth.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chewen","meaning":"to chew","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceowan","meaning":"to chew","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kewwaną","meaning":"to chew","children":[{"era":"3000-2500 BCE","word":"*ǵyewh₁-","meaning":"to chew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chaw","jaw","gobble","gnaw","masticate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masticate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gnaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"munch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"550cc106-d0bf-402a-9f12-f3b8892b84b3","word":"chicago","definition":"A major city in Illinois located on Lake Michigan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"shikaakwa","root_meaning":"wild garlic or skunk","root_language":"Potawatomi/Algonquian","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chicago","meaning":"city name","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Chicago","meaning":"place name","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"shikaakwa","meaning":"wild garlic or skunk","children":[],"language":"Potawatomi"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Chicagoan","Chicago-style"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Chi-town","formality":"informal"},{"word":"the Windy City","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.506Z"}
{"id":"fbdd2365-0d4f-4f10-a32f-c826c50d3846","word":"chick","definition":"A young bird, especially one newly hatched.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cicen","root_meaning":"young fowl","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chick","meaning":"A young bird, especially one newly hatched.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chike","meaning":"chicken","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cicen","meaning":"young fowl","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chicken","pullet","hen","rooster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fledgling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"young bird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"71ddb15f-3d46-42fc-b2ed-56eb28aacc57","word":"chicken","definition":"A common domesticated fowl kept for its eggs or meat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cicen","root_meaning":"young fowl","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kiukina","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chicken","meaning":"domesticated fowl","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cicen","meaning":"young fowl","children":[{"era":"pre-400","word":"*kiukina","meaning":"chicken","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chick","cock","hen","poultry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poulet","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"4ba4a703-dc9c-43c2-aa3f-8ce08ae8ea01","word":"chief","definition":"A leader or ruler of a people or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jefe","language_family":"french","root":"chief","root_meaning":"leader, head","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"caput","meaning":"Head, leader, chief.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chief","meaning":"Leader, head, principal.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chief","meaning":"A leader, the most important.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"jefe","meaning":"Chief, boss.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["chieftain","chef","achieve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"head","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"1401059a-a450-44e4-a4cd-ceeffdf6a58c","word":"child","definition":"A young human being below the age of puberty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"niño","language_family":"germanic","root":"cild","root_meaning":"infant, fetus","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"child","meaning":"A young human being.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"child","meaning":"Young person.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"cild","meaning":"Infant, fetus, unborn child.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["childhood","childlike","children","childbirth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kid","formality":"informal"},{"word":"youth","formality":"formal"},{"word":"minor","formality":"legal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"6426edd1-edf2-4906-b89d-93c8fee74749","word":"childbirth","definition":"The process of giving birth to a child.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"childbirth","meaning":"the process of giving birth to a child","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"child","meaning":"a young person; offspring","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"birth","meaning":"the act or process of being born","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["child","children","birth","childbearing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delivery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"labor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parturition","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"d1e88d32-ef2e-4ab7-baaa-2818056abaa3","word":"childhood","definition":"The period of life when a person is a child.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cild + had","root_meaning":"young person + state, condition","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"childhood","meaning":"The state of being a child","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cildhad","meaning":"childhood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cild","meaning":"child","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"had","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["child","childish","childlike","adulthood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infancy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"youth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juvenescence","formality":"literary"},{"word":"minority","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"7e8572d3-150a-4c4a-9998-238b17afa78c","word":"children","definition":"Plural of child; young human beings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cild","root_meaning":"young person, offspring","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"children","meaning":"young human beings","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"child","meaning":"young person, offspring","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cild","meaning":"young offspring, progeny","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["child","childish","childcare","childhood","childlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kids","formality":"informal"},{"word":"youngsters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juveniles","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"826b69f9-2acc-4c92-9714-abb74c7ad034","word":"chile","definition":"A hot-tasting pod of a variety of capsicum, used in cooking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"chile","language_family":"other","root":"chīlli","root_meaning":"red pepper","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chile","meaning":"hot pepper","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"chile","meaning":"hot pepper","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"chīlli","meaning":"hot pepper","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chili","jalapeño","habanero","chipotle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pepper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hot pepper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capsicum","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"3dbec01e-12cc-4bee-9407-11eb209c02db","word":"chili","definition":"The pungent pod of a plant of the genus Capsicum, used in cooking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"chile","language_family":"other","root":"chīlli","root_meaning":"chili pepper","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"pre-1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chili","meaning":"chili pepper","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"chile","meaning":"chili pepper","children":[{"era":"pre-1500s","word":"chīlli","meaning":"chili pepper","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chile","chili con carne","chili powder","chipotle","habanero","jalapeño"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pepper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capsicum","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"9ee2397c-de2a-4d4a-bc87-f951d8d1303a","word":"chill","definition":"A sensation of coldness, or to make or become cold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ciele","root_meaning":"coldness, frost","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chill","meaning":"sensation of coldness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ciele","meaning":"coldness, frost","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cold","cool","chilly","gelid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coldness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cool","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"2bc2ddd0-0122-45be-842d-8333f27f51cc","word":"chilly","definition":"Unpleasantly cold; feeling cold.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ciele","root_meaning":"cold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chilly","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"chill","meaning":"coldness, a cold sensation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ciele","meaning":"coldness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cēlan","meaning":"to be cold","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chill","chilled","chilling","cold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nippy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"brisk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"raw","formality":"descriptive"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"e59d66e4-31e1-4878-a701-2a69727ac66b","word":"chimney","definition":"A vertical pipe or structure through which smoke and gases are carried up from a fire and released into the atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"chimenea","language_family":"french","root":"cheminée","root_meaning":"chimney, fireplace","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chimney","meaning":"smoke vent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cheminée","meaning":"chimney, fireplace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caminus","meaning":"furnace, forge, fireplace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kaminos","meaning":"furnace, oven","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chemin","furnace","camera","camino","chamber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flue","formality":"technical"},{"word":"smokestack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"49e44c16-f09e-459a-becd-240ec94a0140","word":"chin","definition":"The prominent part of the face below the mouth, formed by the projecting lower jaw.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cin","root_meaning":"chin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kinnuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chin","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cin","meaning":"chin","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kinnuz","meaning":"chin","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*genu-","meaning":"jaw, chin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chin-up","chinwag","genial","jaw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentum","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"3f17fa69-8b97-4da9-bf16-c2570ad82103","word":"china","definition":"Fine porcelain or ceramic ware, typically glazed and decorated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"china","language_family":"other","root":"China","root_meaning":"the country of origin of porcelain","root_language":"English from Chinese","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"china","meaning":"porcelain ware","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"china","meaning":"ware from China","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"China","meaning":"the East Asian country","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chinaware","porcelain","ceramic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"porcelain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crockery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dinnerware","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"6f5b548f-f384-43ae-94fb-053845a41721","word":"chinese","definition":"Relating to China or its people, language, and culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"chino","language_family":"other","root":"China","root_meaning":"the country of China","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Chinese","meaning":"of China","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"China","meaning":"East Asian country","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Qin","meaning":"ancient Chinese dynasty","children":[],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["China","Sino-","Sino-Japanese","Sinologist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Sino","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Middle Kingdom","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"6e1b2fac-5b11-4a06-a7c3-41465e812a55","word":"ching","definition":"A sharp, metallic ringing sound, often imitative; slang for money.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ching","meaning":"a sharp ringing sound","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clink","ding","ring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jingle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"9c4fadc4-1689-4826-9c0b-d83cd2e5ce78","word":"chino","definition":"A twilled cotton fabric or a pair of trousers made from it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"chino","root_meaning":"Chinese; Chinese cloth","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chino","meaning":"a twilled cotton fabric or a pair of trousers made from it","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"chino","meaning":"Chinese; by extension, the cloth","children":[],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chinos","chino cloth","chino trousers","khaki","khakis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"khakis","formality":"informal"},{"word":"khaki trousers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cotton twill","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"9289a044-959b-4065-acf1-4bcd860953d2","word":"chip","definition":"A small, thin piece of something, typically detached from a larger piece.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cipp","root_meaning":"chip, splinter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kippaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chip","meaning":"A small, thin piece","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chippen","meaning":"to break off in small pieces","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cipp","meaning":"chip, splinter","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kippaz","meaning":"wedge, stump","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chop","chisel","coupon","clip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splinter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"1f2454ee-d063-4eb2-a1d6-c675eedb313b","word":"chirp","definition":"(of a small bird or insect) make a short, sharp, high-pitched sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chirp","meaning":"make a short, sharp, high-pitched sound","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"chirp","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chirrup","twitter","cheep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tweet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"d24bf125-dcf8-4b2f-9378-dc0dec88e75b","word":"chocolate","definition":"A food made from roasted and ground cacao seeds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"chocolate","language_family":"other","root":"xocolātl","root_meaning":"bitter water","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"~1400 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"chocolate","meaning":"Cacao-based confection.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"chocolate","meaning":"Chocolate drink.","children":[{"era":"~1400 AD","word":"xocolātl","meaning":"Aztec beverage of ground cacao.","language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["cacao","cocoa"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cacao","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cocoa","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choc","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"eea60e93-64b2-44b1-bb68-73bb534f0071","word":"choice","definition":"An act of selecting between possibilities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elección","language_family":"french","root":"chois","root_meaning":"act of choosing","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 AD","word":"*causīre","meaning":"To choose, test, taste.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"chois","meaning":"Act of choosing, selection.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"choice","meaning":"A selection, option.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"elección","meaning":"Choice, election.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin/Gothic"},"related_words":["choose","chosen","choosy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"selection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"option","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"ee121e90-022d-46f1-aeec-a98d510b6618","word":"choir","definition":"An organized group of singers, especially one that performs in a church service or a concert.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coro","language_family":"greek","root":"khoros","root_meaning":"dancing group, chorus","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":"*gʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"choir","meaning":"singing group","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"choir","meaning":"choir, chorus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chorus","meaning":"chorus, choir","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"khoros","meaning":"dancing group, chorus","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chorus","choreograph","orchestra","choral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chorus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ensemble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vocal group","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"71f9ada9-d42f-4178-b207-6bb80307aac8","word":"choke","definition":"To prevent from breathing by obstructing the windpipe or air passages.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ceocian","root_meaning":"to gasp, to choke","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keukan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"choke","meaning":"To prevent from breathing by obstructing the windpipe or air passages.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"choke","meaning":"to strangle, to suffocate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ceocian","meaning":"to gasp, to choke","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chokehold","choker","chokepoint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gag","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"6fb93d10-0e85-4b10-8bed-cc4601a232af","word":"cholera","definition":"Cholera is a severe bacterial intestinal disease that causes acute watery diarrhea and dehydration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cólera","language_family":"greek","root":"kholē","root_meaning":"bile; gall","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cholera","meaning":"a severe infectious disease causing watery diarrhea","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cholera","meaning":"the disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kholē","meaning":"bile, gall","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["choler","choleric","choleraic","choleral","chole-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gastrointestinal infection","formality":"technical"},{"word":"intestinal illness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waterborne disease","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"e6df5f4a-e63d-4444-b2bc-a3f4910851f4","word":"cholesterol","definition":"A type of fat found in your blood, essential for building healthy cells.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colesterol","language_family":"greek","root":"chole-","root_meaning":"bile","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cholesterol","meaning":"A type of fat found in your blood, essential for building healthy cells.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"cholestérine","meaning":"substance from gallstones","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cholē","meaning":"bile","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"stereos","meaning":"solid","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"19th century","word":"-ol","meaning":"chemical suffix for alcohols","children":[],"language":"English (suffix)"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cholera","cholelithiasis","stereo","solidify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lipid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sterol","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"9a36810b-e678-450a-838a-a3bc6df49347","word":"choose","definition":"To pick out or select someone or something from a number of alternatives.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"elegir","language_family":"germanic","root":"ceosan","root_meaning":"to choose, to seek out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*geus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"choose","meaning":"To select from alternatives.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ceosan","meaning":"To choose, to prefer.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*geus-","meaning":"To taste, to choose.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["choice","chosen","choosy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"select","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"opt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"f40e6eb2-ab44-4914-86e1-9f73d380502d","word":"chop","definition":"To cut (something) into small pieces with repeated sharp blows of an axe or knife.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"choppe","root_meaning":"to cut, hack","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chop","meaning":"cut into pieces","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"choppe","meaning":"to cut, hack","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["choppy","chopper","chip","hack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mince","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"de3525d8-198c-4e46-97f9-00114dbcc529","word":"chopper","definition":"A person or thing that chops something, especially a tool or machine; also, a helicopter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"choppen","root_meaning":"to cut with heavy blows","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chopper","meaning":"one that chops, helicopter","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chop","meaning":"to cut with heavy blows","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"choper","meaning":"to chop, cut","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chop","chopping","choppy","ax"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cleaver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helicopter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"axe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"097cc090-c81f-422c-bfa4-d51f22ff7de1","word":"chord","definition":"A chord is a set of musical notes sounded together as a harmonic unit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuerda","language_family":"greek","root":"χορδή","root_meaning":"string of gut; string of a lyre","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chord","meaning":"a set of notes sounded together","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cord","meaning":"older spelling and cognate form meaning a string or line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chorda","meaning":"a string, gut, or cord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"χορδή","meaning":"string of gut; string of a lyre","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cord","corded","cordage","cordless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harmony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concord","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cluster","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"e91072c8-e6e3-4aed-a64c-c0d1d841c0b2","word":"chore","definition":"A routine task, especially a household one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cierr","root_meaning":"a turn, occasion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*karjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chore","meaning":"routine task","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"char","meaning":"a turn, an occasional job","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cierr","meaning":"a turn, occasion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*karjaną","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charwoman","ajar","career","care"],"synonyms":[{"word":"task","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"errand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"6ce501ac-ab5c-4384-be91-269e6ba54154","word":"chorus","definition":"A large group of singers who perform together; a part of a song that is repeated after each verse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coro","language_family":"greek","root":"khoros","root_meaning":"dance in a ring, company of dancers/singers","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical (800s BCE)","proto_root":"*ǵher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chorus","meaning":"A group of singers or a repeated song part.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"chorus","meaning":"group of singers, refrain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chorus","meaning":"a choir, a group of dancers and singers","children":[{"era":"classical (800s BCE)","word":"χορός (khorós)","meaning":"dance in a ring, company of dancers/singers","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["choir","choreography","choral","orchestra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refrain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ensemble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"b42f5053-c2c9-4120-a6c2-7d482cc4e93e","word":"chow","definition":"Food, especially in informal usage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"chǎo (炒)","root_meaning":"to stir-fry","root_language":"Mandarin Chinese","root_era":"1800s (pidgin)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chow","meaning":"food","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"chow","meaning":"food","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chǎo (炒)","meaning":"to stir-fry","children":[],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"Pidgin English"}],"language":"Modern English (informal)"},"related_words":["chowtime","chow down","chowder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"food","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grub","formality":"informal"},{"word":"victuals","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"f37dadfc-a414-4c7d-ae60-e6b9da6a93c7","word":"chris","definition":"A given name derived from Christ or Christian.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Christos","root_meaning":"anointed, the anointed one","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Chris","meaning":"a personal name","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Christian","meaning":"follower of Christ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Christos","meaning":"anointed one","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Christian","Christ","Christine","Christopher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Christian","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"74611b2e-24ca-4f3b-8757-10e8efbe489d","word":"christ","definition":"The expected Messiah in Jewish belief; Jesus Christ in Christian theology.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Cristo","language_family":"greek","root":"chrisma","root_meaning":"anointing, ointment","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*chriein (to anoint)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Christ","meaning":"the anointed one, Messiah","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Christ","meaning":"the Messiah","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Christus","meaning":"the anointed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Christos","meaning":"anointed, anointed one","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Christian","Christianity","christening","Christendom","Christ-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Messiah","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Jesus Christ","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the Savior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the Anointed One","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"a3ccd904-d1b1-4e9a-9a69-9823cd767785","word":"christian","definition":"A person who follows the religion of Christianity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cristiano","language_family":"greek","root":"christos","root_meaning":"anointed one, messiah","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"christian","meaning":"follower of Christianity","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Christian","meaning":"follower of Christ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"christianus","meaning":"follower of Christ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"christos","meaning":"anointed one, messiah","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Christianity","Christianize","Christendom","Christian name"],"synonyms":[{"word":"believer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faithful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"devotee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"follower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"0124fdc0-bedc-4037-84ce-e38ad4fe93e0","word":"christianity","definition":"The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cristiandad","language_family":"greek","root":"Christos","root_meaning":"anointed one","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Christianity","meaning":"the Christian religion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"christianité","meaning":"Christianity","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"Christianitas","meaning":"the body of Christians","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Christianus","meaning":"Christian","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Χριστός (Christos)","meaning":"anointed one","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Christian","Christ","chrism","anoint","church"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faith","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"religion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"f7cedce1-dca8-4fc0-979b-6bd09517b210","word":"christmas","definition":"An annual Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ on December 25th.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Navidad","language_family":"germanic","root":"Cristes","root_meaning":"Christ's","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"christmas","meaning":"festival celebrating Christ's birth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Christmas","meaning":"Christ's mass","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Cristes","meaning":"Christ's","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mæsse","meaning":"mass, church service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missa","meaning":"mass, dismissal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Christmastide","Yuletide","Christ","Nativity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Nativity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Yuletide","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Xmas","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"2135318a-0356-41b8-8ff8-1087cb8fbea6","word":"chrome","definition":"A hard, shiny, silver-white metal. Also, plating with chromium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cromo","language_family":"greek","root":"chroma","root_meaning":"color","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kromeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chrome","meaning":"a hard, shiny, silver-white metal. Also, plating with chromium","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"chrome","meaning":"color","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chroma","meaning":"color","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chromium","chromatic","monochrome","color"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plating","formality":"technical"},{"word":"chromium","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"6f4d308a-734c-4851-9d25-b6ef77c2ae48","word":"chronic","definition":"Pertaining to a disease or condition that is long-lasting or recurrent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"crónico","language_family":"greek","root":"chronos","root_meaning":"time","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chronic","meaning":"long-lasting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chronikos","meaning":"of time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chronos","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chronicle","chronology","anachronism","synchronize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persistent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recurrent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"long-term","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"c3afc0b5-c9c2-4873-aa87-be1422d774ce","word":"chronicle","definition":"A factual written account of important historical events in chronological order.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crónica","language_family":"greek","root":"khronika","root_meaning":"annals, things of time","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"khronikά (χρονικά)","meaning":"Annals, records of time. From khronos (time).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chronicle","meaning":"A historical record in time order.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"crónica","meaning":"Chronicle, account.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["chronological","chronic","synchronize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"history","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"3384ffc1-08d0-4bd9-bc82-6b3e79c0c14e","word":"chubby","definition":"Plump and rounded.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"chub","root_meaning":"a thick, squat fish","root_language":"English","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chubby","meaning":"plump","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"chub","meaning":"a thick fish","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-y","meaning":"having the quality of","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chub","chunk","plump","chubby-cheeked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"40006a58-4777-4d0c-aed5-424b47fbcdec","word":"chuck","definition":"To throw (something) carelessly or casually.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"chuck (sound)","root_meaning":"sound of throwing","root_language":"English","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chuck","meaning":"to throw carelessly","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"chuck","meaning":"imitative of a short, sharp throw","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toss","fling","throw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hurl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pitch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"53dc0596-099c-46fb-9f43-fe0cea06b1f7","word":"chuckle","definition":"To laugh softly or inwardly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"chock","root_meaning":"to cluck","root_language":"English","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":"*klukkon-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chuckle","meaning":"to laugh softly","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"chuckle","meaning":"to laugh softly","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"chuck","meaning":"to cluck","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laugh","giggle","snicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"giggle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snigger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"titter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"69e32ece-79ef-4cf7-9395-443b5fe7a286","word":"chug","definition":"To drink something quickly in large gulps.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chug","meaning":"to drink quickly in large gulps","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"imitative sound-word","meaning":"a word formed from the sound of a repetitive thudding or gulping action","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chugged","chugging","chugger","chugalug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gulp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swig","formality":"informal"},{"word":"guzzle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"f3ad0047-ad3b-42c3-b5f2-a2953c36d190","word":"chump","definition":"A chump is a foolish or easily deceived person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chump","meaning":"a foolish or easily deceived person","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"chump","meaning":"a stump, lump, or block of wood; later a foolish person","children":[],"language":"English dialect"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chumpish","chumpily","chumpiness","chumped","chumps"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dupe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sucker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"87a36801-94e3-4b1a-800f-66696615fb43","word":"chung","definition":"A common East Asian surname or given name, often referring to 'middle', 'loyal', or 'bell' in Chinese.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Chung","meaning":"A common East Asian surname or given name","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Zhōng","meaning":"middle, loyal, bell","children":[],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"f61cba56-00e0-45f4-b37a-3ed8b2af6bc4","word":"chunk","definition":"A chunk is a thick, solid piece of something that has been broken or cut off.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chunk","meaning":"a thick, solid piece","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chunky","chunking","chunked","chunklet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hunk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"fe2a07d2-777c-4901-9cba-4ad83e9434f1","word":"church","definition":"A building used for Christian worship or a Christian religious organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"iglesia","language_family":"greek","root":"kyriakos","root_meaning":"of the Lord","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"church","meaning":"building for Christian worship","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kirche","meaning":"church building","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kyriakos","meaning":"of the Lord","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["churches","churchly","churchgoer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chapel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cathedral","formality":"formal"},{"word":"congregation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"6b87c841-e6b1-40ca-a311-01504c66cf1c","word":"chute","definition":"A steep slide, channel, or tube for conveying people or objects downward.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"French chute","root_meaning":"fall","root_language":"French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"chute","meaning":"a steep slide, channel, or tube for conveying people or objects downward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"French chute","meaning":"a fall","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"chuter","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parachute","chuted","chuting","chutework"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slideway","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flume","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"47601f6d-2b01-4923-ad4a-fd3a1c091be7","word":"ciao","definition":"An informal Italian word used for both hello and goodbye.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"chau","language_family":"other","root":"schiavo","root_meaning":"(I am your) slave, servant","root_language":"Venetian dialect","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ciao","meaning":"An informal Italian word used for both hello and goodbye.","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"schiavo","meaning":"(I am your) slave","children":[],"language":"Venetian Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slave","sclav","goodbye","hello","servant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farewell","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hello","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bye","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"03a9b46f-0f8d-417e-9b12-787089059b73","word":"cigar","definition":"A roll of cured tobacco for smoking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cigarro","language_family":"other","root":"sik'ar","root_meaning":"to smoke tobacco leaves","root_language":"Mayan","root_era":"pre-1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cigar","meaning":"roll of tobacco","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"cigare","meaning":"cigar","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"cigarro","meaning":"cigar","children":[{"era":"pre-1500s","word":"sik'ar","meaning":"to smoke tobacco leaves","children":[],"language":"Mayan"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cigarette","cig","tobacconist","smoking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stogie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"havana","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"e6d3a3c6-1246-4093-99bb-91da3fd63c31","word":"cigarette","definition":"A small cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cigarrillo","language_family":"french","root":"cigare","root_meaning":"cigar","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cigarette","meaning":"small rolled tobacco cylinder","children":[{"era":"1840s","word":"cigarette","meaning":"diminutive of cigare","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"cigare","meaning":"cigar","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"cigarro","meaning":"cigar, possibly from Mayan sikar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sikar","meaning":"to smoke rolled tobacco leaves","children":[],"language":"Mayan"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cigar","cigarro","cigarillo","tobacco","smoke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smoke","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fag","formality":"informal"},{"word":"coffin nail","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gasper","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"eedb5cc8-0cee-42ca-8abc-0833dbb6a17b","word":"cinch","definition":"A saddle girth; figuratively, something accomplished with great ease or an outcome regarded as certain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cincha","language_family":"latin","root":"cingula","root_meaning":"belt, girth, strap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cinch","meaning":"saddle girth; easy task; certainty","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"cincha","meaning":"saddle girth, strap","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cingula","meaning":"belt, girdle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cingere","meaning":"to gird, encircle","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kenk-","meaning":"to gird, bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"American English"},"related_words":["cincher","cinching","cingulate","cingulum","precinct","succinct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"certainty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sure thing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"girth","formality":"technical"},{"word":"walkover","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"3677334c-d1a8-4ac9-b701-973895b3636c","word":"cinderella","definition":"A person or thing whose good qualities are unrecognized or disregarded, derived from the fairy tale character.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Cendrillon","root_meaning":"little cinder girl","root_language":"French","root_era":"1697","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Cinderella","meaning":"A girl whose goodness is eventually recognized","children":[{"era":"1697","word":"Cendrillon","meaning":"little cinder girl","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"cendre","meaning":"cinder","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["cinder","Cinders","Cinderellian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"underdog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dark horse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unappreciated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"8e829c85-a1dc-43f6-9b17-7ece719f9987","word":"cinema","definition":"The art or industry of making motion pictures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cine","language_family":"greek","root":"kinēma","root_meaning":"movement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"kínēma (κίνημα)","meaning":"Movement, motion. From kinein (to move).","children":[{"era":"1899","word":"cinema","meaning":"Motion pictures as an art form.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"cine","meaning":"Cinema, movies.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["cinematic","cinematography","kinetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"movies","formality":"informal"},{"word":"film","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motion pictures","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0f368d09-fd06-44fc-9dc1-e104a4cbf984","word":"cipher","definition":"A secret or disguised way of writing; a code.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cifra","language_family":"other","root":"ṣifr","root_meaning":"empty, zero","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 AD","word":"ṣifr","meaning":"Empty, zero.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cifra","meaning":"Zero, numerical digit.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"cipher","meaning":"Zero; secret code.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cifra","meaning":"Figure, cipher.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["zero","decipher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"code","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zero","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encryption","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"a7ff7f45-4128-44e9-80ff-b0ef4e90c78f","word":"circle","definition":"A round plane figure whose boundary consists of points equidistant from a fixed center.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"círculo","language_family":"french","root":"circulus","root_meaning":"small ring, circle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"circle","meaning":"A round plane figure.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cercle","meaning":"circle, ring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circulus","meaning":"small ring, circle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circus","meaning":"ring","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to turn, to bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["circulate","circuit","circumference","circus","search","encircle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circumference","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"9b49f159-e7cc-47fb-acc4-ae488e4101a8","word":"circuit","definition":"A closed path along which electric current flows, or a regular route or journey.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"circuito","language_family":"latin","root":"circuitus","root_meaning":"a going around","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"circuit","meaning":"closed electrical path or regular route","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circuitus","meaning":"a going around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circum + ire","meaning":"around + to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["circulate","circular","circumference","circumnavigate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"route","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cycle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"480da4fb-4670-4082-ad65-e8b05bacda47","word":"circular","definition":"Having the form of a circle; round.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"circular","language_family":"latin","root":"circulus","root_meaning":"small ring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"circular","meaning":"round","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circularis","meaning":"circular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circulus","meaning":"small ring","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["circle","circulate","circumference","circus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"round","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rotund","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spherical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"df0c49b5-e316-46e9-85d1-ebea0258ba5c","word":"circulation","definition":"The continuous movement of blood around the body or of air or water in a system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"circulación","language_family":"latin","root":"circulatio","root_meaning":"a going round, revolution","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"circulation","meaning":"Continuous movement in a system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circulationem (nominative circulatio)","meaning":"a going round, revolution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circulare","meaning":"to go round, to circulate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circulus","meaning":"small ring, circle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["circle","circular","circulate","circumvent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"movement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distribution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diffusion","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"352413ee-3821-4708-806b-b840d006b381","word":"circumstance","definition":"A fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"circunstancia","language_family":"latin","root":"circumstantia","root_meaning":"standing around","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"circumstance","meaning":"A fact or condition relevant to an event","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"circumstance","meaning":"condition, position","children":[{"era":"300-600 AD","word":"circumstantia","meaning":"a surrounding condition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circumstare","meaning":"to stand around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circum-","meaning":"around","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["circumstantial","constant","stand","state","distant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"situation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"event","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"2bd6a1c6-a45f-4d26-b614-1edf3f370143","word":"circumstantial","definition":"Depending on surrounding circumstances rather than on direct proof or the essential nature of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"circunstancial","language_family":"latin","root":"circumstantia","root_meaning":"the state of standing around; circumstance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh2-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"circumstantial","meaning":"relating to circumstances","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"circumstantialis","meaning":"relating to circumstances","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circumstantia","meaning":"circumstance, condition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circumstare","meaning":"to stand around","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["circumstance","circumstantially","circumstantiality","circumspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incidental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contingent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accidental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"situational","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"1e6fac95-a443-454c-b562-1de9351524ea","word":"circus","definition":"A traveling company of acrobats, clowns, and animals that give performances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"circo","language_family":"latin","root":"circus","root_meaning":"ring, circle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"kirkos","meaning":"Ring, circle.","children":[{"era":"~200 BC","word":"circus","meaning":"Circular arena for games.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"circus","meaning":"Traveling show of performers.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"circo","meaning":"Circus.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["circle","circulate","circuit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carnival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"big top","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"db3adbdd-f14d-4d75-ac2f-e0ad34bf6f5b","word":"cisco","definition":"A small freshwater whitefish found in North American lakes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"cisco","root_meaning":"fish (Ojibwe origin)","root_language":"Ojibwe","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cisco","meaning":"small freshwater whitefish","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"cisco","meaning":"whitefish species","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cisco","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Ojibwe"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whitefish","lake herring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lake herring","formality":"technical"},{"word":"whitefish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"1f7e1f06-d069-4356-99ae-9c62a7210011","word":"citation","definition":"A quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"citación","language_family":"latin","root":"citare","root_meaning":"to rouse, call upon, summon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"citation","meaning":"reference","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"citacion","meaning":"summons","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"citatio","meaning":"a summoning, a calling forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"citare","meaning":"to rouse, call upon, summon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ciere","meaning":"to put in motion, to rouse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cite","excite","incite","recital","solicit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mention","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"6792ca7b-cf35-4544-b2e7-48ebb48b3bb0","word":"cite","definition":"To quote (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"citar","language_family":"latin","root":"citare","root_meaning":"to call, summon, urge, rouse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kiey-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cite","meaning":"To quote as evidence.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"citer","meaning":"to summon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"citare","meaning":"to call, summon, urge, rouse","children":[{"era":"8000-3000 BCE","word":"*kiey-","meaning":"to set in motion, to stir","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recite","excite","incite","citation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mention","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adduce","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"bc6855cb-e80f-4ba3-bf38-59b8394d4529","word":"cities","definition":"Plural of city; large urban areas with concentrated populations, commerce, and governance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ciudades","language_family":"latin","root":"civitas","root_meaning":"citizenship, citizen body, state","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cities","meaning":"plural of city","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"city","meaning":"large urban settlement","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cite","meaning":"city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civitas","meaning":"state, citizen body, city","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["city","civic","citizen","civilization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metropolises","formality":"formal"},{"word":"urban centers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"towns","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"62b3abdf-ed75-4ad6-921b-f0527f484c9c","word":"citizen","definition":"A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ciudadano","language_family":"french","root":"citein","root_meaning":"inhabitant of a city","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"citizen","meaning":"member of a state","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"citezein","meaning":"inhabitant of a city","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"citein","meaning":"inhabitant of a city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civitas","meaning":"citizenship, city","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["city","civil","civilian","civic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"national","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhabitant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"denizen","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"88dc4b46-3652-4faa-b6bf-2bfbb3569c1d","word":"citizenship","definition":"The legal status of being a citizen of a particular country or state, and the rights and duties that come with it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ciudadanía","language_family":"french","root":"citezein + -ship","root_meaning":"city dweller + state, condition","root_language":"Old French and Old English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"citizenship","meaning":"status of a citizen","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"citizen","meaning":"inhabitant of a city","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"citezein","meaning":"city dweller","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ship","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["citizen","city","civil","civic","denizen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nationality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allegiance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"residency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"89fa08ea-9fff-4ee2-9f22-43fdc8fabd18","word":"city","definition":"A large town; a place where many people live and work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ciudad","language_family":"latin","root":"civitas","root_meaning":"community of citizens, citizenship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*kei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"300s BCE","word":"civis","meaning":"Citizen.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"civitas","meaning":"Body of citizens, city-state.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cité","meaning":"City, cathedral town.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"city","meaning":"A large urban settlement.","language":"English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"ciudad","meaning":"City.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["civic","civil","citizen","civilization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metropolis","formality":"formal"},{"word":"town","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"municipality","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"ddf4e8ad-fcde-4757-a4e0-4c1eccce296b","word":"civic","definition":"Relating to a city or town or to the responsibilities of citizenship.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cívico","language_family":"latin","root":"civicus","root_meaning":"of a citizen, pertaining to citizens","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"civic","meaning":"relating to a city or citizenship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civicus","meaning":"of a citizen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civis","meaning":"citizen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["city","civil","civilian","civility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"municipal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"urban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"public","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"3fe28cf0-be74-4bfc-b11a-680413ebae54","word":"civil","definition":"Relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"civil","language_family":"latin","root":"cīvīlis","root_meaning":"relating to a citizen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cīvīlis","meaning":"Of or pertaining to citizens.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"civil","meaning":"Relating to citizens.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"civil","meaning":"Civil, civic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["civilian","civilization","civility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"civic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"polite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courteous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2fb5899b-12fa-48ec-9ff1-47144debb67c","word":"civilian","definition":"A person not in the armed services or the police force.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"civil","language_family":"latin","root":"civis","root_meaning":"citizen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"civilian","meaning":"A person not in the armed services or the police force.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"civil","meaning":"of citizens","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civilis","meaning":"of a citizen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civis","meaning":"citizen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["civil","civic","citizen","city"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noncombatant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"private citizen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinary person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"public","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"33dc867a-8efa-4cea-b30b-3b641242e687","word":"civilisation","definition":"The state or process of living in an organized society with advanced culture and institutions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"civilización","language_family":"latin","root":"civis","root_meaning":"citizen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"civilisation","meaning":"the state or process of living in an organized society with advanced culture and institutions","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"civilisation","meaning":"the state of being civilized","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civilis","meaning":"of citizens; civil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civis","meaning":"citizen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["civilize","civilized","civil","civic","civility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"civilization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"culture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"society","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"ede029dd-a62d-4e2c-ae2f-7a1845a3a711","word":"civilization","definition":"The stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced, or the process of achieving this.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"civilización","language_family":"latin","root":"civis","root_meaning":"citizen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"civilization","meaning":"advanced stage of human society","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"civilisation","meaning":"act of civilizing, refined society","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"civiliser","meaning":"to civilize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civilis","meaning":"of a citizen, pertaining to citizens","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["civil","citizen","city","civic","civility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"culture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"society","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"development","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advancement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"92821b66-836f-4bab-9fe3-1a4fe489c09b","word":"civilize","definition":"To bring a place or people to a stage of social and cultural development considered to be more advanced.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"civilizar","language_family":"latin","root":"civilis","root_meaning":"relating to a citizen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"civilize","meaning":"to make civil","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"civiliser","meaning":"to make civil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civilis","meaning":"of a citizen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"civis","meaning":"citizen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["civil","civilian","civic","city","citizen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"educate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cultivate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"80ae09cf-8076-4d1d-ba5f-6c965f3d3af5","word":"claim","definition":"To state that something is the case or assert one's right.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reclamar","language_family":"french","root":"claimer","root_meaning":"to call, demand","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"clāmāre","meaning":"To cry out, shout, proclaim.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"claimer","meaning":"To call, demand, assert.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"claim","meaning":"To assert a right, demand.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"reclamar","meaning":"To claim, demand.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["claimant","exclaim","proclaim"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assert","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a2cb4a0c-a61d-4d3b-9226-20ff2f2d9c7e","word":"claims","definition":"Plural of claim; assertions that something is true or demands for something as a right.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reclamaciones","language_family":"french","root":"clamare","root_meaning":"to cry out or shout","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"claims","meaning":"assertions or demands","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"claim","meaning":"to assert or demand","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"claimen","meaning":"to call out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clamare","meaning":"to cry out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["claim","claimer","claimed","claiming","disclaim"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assertions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demands","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"declarations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"allegations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"06a96f0a-96b8-4c16-8e9d-e0146255d42e","word":"clamor","definition":"A loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clamor","language_family":"latin","root":"clamor","root_meaning":"a shout, a loud cry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kelh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clamor","meaning":"A loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clamor","meaning":"a shout, cry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clamor","meaning":"a shout, a loud cry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clamare","meaning":"to shout, cry out","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kelh₁-","meaning":"to call, shout","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acclaim","declaim","exclaim","proclaim","reclaim"],"synonyms":[{"word":"din","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uproar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hubbub","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"dcc25342-04bb-4904-b02e-c33bd3c9ad8a","word":"clamp","definition":"A clamp is a device used to hold objects tightly together or in place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"klampe","root_meaning":"clasp, clamp","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clamp","meaning":"a device used to hold objects tightly together or in place","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"clamp","meaning":"a clasp or holding device","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"klampe","meaning":"clasp, clamp","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clasp","clip","clench","clutch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastener","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"f250cfb5-cf57-4af6-a65f-e875072bdd68","word":"clank","definition":"A loud, hard sound made by metal striking metal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clank","meaning":"a loud, hard sound made by metal striking metal","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"onomatopoeic formation","meaning":"an imitative sound-symbolic formation","children":[],"language":"other"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clang","clink","clatter","clunk","clanky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rattle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"53b8e049-d0fe-4351-b1d9-5ba26ad2a599","word":"clap","definition":"To strike the palms of (one's hands) together repeatedly, typically in applause.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clappan","root_meaning":"to clap, beat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klappōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clap","meaning":"strike hands together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clappan","meaning":"to beat, strike","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klappōną","meaning":"to make a sharp sound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clapper","clapping","thunderclap","clapboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"applaud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"e783be1e-237b-4c1b-9188-a1090f262eac","word":"clarify","definition":"To make something clear or easier to understand.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"clarificar","language_family":"latin","root":"clarus","root_meaning":"clear, bright, famous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clarify","meaning":"to make clear or easier to understand","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"clarificare","meaning":"to make clear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clarus","meaning":"clear, bright, famous","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clarification","clarifier","clarified","clarifying","clarificatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elucidate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"specify","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"e7e18f9b-0bbd-4694-9096-186b0eb99d9f","word":"clarity","definition":"The quality of being clear, easily understood, or precise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"claridad","language_family":"latin","root":"claritas","root_meaning":"clearness, brightness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleh₁-ro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clarity","meaning":"The quality of being clear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"claritas","meaning":"clearness, brightness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clarus","meaning":"clear, bright","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clear","clarify","declaration","eclair","glorious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lucidity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"precision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intelligibility","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"cfdce414-6331-4c24-8d90-fe2f56014043","word":"clash","definition":"To make a loud sharp noise on collision or to conflict sharply.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clash","meaning":"to collide noisily or conflict sharply","children":[{"era":"c. 1500","word":"sound-imitative formation","meaning":"an echoic formation, perhaps influenced by clap and crash","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clashed","clashing","clashes","clashingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conflict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jar","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"c6c7aab8-a405-4533-9f84-80da2a267dab","word":"class","definition":"A set or category of things having some property in common; a group of students taught together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clase","language_family":"latin","root":"classis","root_meaning":"division of the Roman people, fleet","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*kele-","etymology_tree":{"era":"300s BCE","word":"calare","meaning":"To call, to summon.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"classis","meaning":"A division called to arms.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"class","meaning":"A division or category.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"clase","meaning":"Class, type.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["classify","classical","classroom","classy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"category","formality":"formal"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"a2eb2cdb-3617-4606-b8b2-784ec12e1da0","word":"classes","definition":"Groups of students taught together, or divisions based on shared characteristics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clases","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin classis","root_meaning":"a group or class","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"classes","meaning":"groups of students or categories","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"class","meaning":"a group, division, or category","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classis","meaning":"a group, fleet, or division","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["class","classify","classification","classical","classic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"categories","formality":"formal"},{"word":"divisions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courses","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"935eb22d-fae7-4295-b9b4-f01df1adbbce","word":"classic","definition":"Of enduring excellence and appeal; belonging to the highest rank or class.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"clásico","language_family":"latin","root":"classicus","root_meaning":"of the first rank or class","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"classic","meaning":"of highest excellence and enduring appeal","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"classic","meaning":"relating to ancient Greek and Roman literature","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"classique","meaning":"of the highest rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classicus","meaning":"of the first rank, relating to classes of citizens","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["classics","classical","classify","class"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timeless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exemplary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"traditional","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"b5014560-749e-4876-899f-ca7365ea9542","word":"classical","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of ancient Greek and Roman culture, art, or literature.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"clásico","language_family":"latin","root":"classicus","root_meaning":"of the first class, superior","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"classical","meaning":"Of ancient Greece and Rome","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"classical","meaning":"of the first rank or class","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classicus","meaning":"of the first class, superior","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classis","meaning":"class, group, division","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["classic","classicism","classically","classicist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ancient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Greco-Roman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"traditional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refined","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"1c1b5097-cf21-46bb-b450-1c873d384fe9","word":"classification","definition":"The arrangement of animals and plants in taxonomic groups according to their observed similarities and differences.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clasificación","language_family":"latin","root":"classis","root_meaning":"class","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"classification","meaning":"arrangement into classes","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"classification","meaning":"arrangement into classes","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"classificatio","meaning":"a classifying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classis + facere","meaning":"class + to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["class","classify","classical","classmate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"categorization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grouping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taxonomy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"b81a4557-ee73-4835-a83d-522639b1ad25","word":"classifieds","definition":"Advertisements grouped by category in newspapers or online, typically for private individuals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clasificados","language_family":"latin","root":"classificare","root_meaning":"to arrange in classes","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"classifieds","meaning":"classified advertisements","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"classified","meaning":"arranged by category","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"classify","meaning":"to arrange in classes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classis","meaning":"class, fleet, division","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["classify","classified","class","classification","classifier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advertisements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ads","formality":"informal"},{"word":"listings","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"77c8fea3-f931-4700-b88a-059793d7d630","word":"classify","definition":"To arrange or assign to a class or category.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"clasificar","language_family":"latin","root":"classis","root_meaning":"class, division","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kelh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"classify","meaning":"To arrange into classes","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"classifier","meaning":"one who classifies","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classis","meaning":"class, division","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ficare","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin (combining form from facere)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["class","classification","classic","declassify","reclassify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"categorize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"ea46442f-27f3-4dd9-bd34-ca15e4d7061e","word":"classroom","definition":"A room in which a class of students is taught.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"classis, rūm","root_meaning":"division, group, fleet; space, area","root_language":"Latin, Old English","root_era":"classical, pre-1100","proto_root":"*klā-, *h₁reh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"classroom","meaning":"A room in which a class of students is taught.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"class","meaning":"a group of students","children":[{"era":"null","word":"classe","meaning":"class","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"classis","meaning":"a division, group, fleet","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*klā-","meaning":"to call, shout","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"room","meaning":"a space within a building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rūm","meaning":"space, area","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*h₁reh₁-","meaning":"open space","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["class","room","schooling","teacher","lecture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"schoolroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lecture hall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"645641bd-abec-4508-b51f-2fe6f41a53e2","word":"clatter","definition":"To make a continuous rattling sound as hard objects strike together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clatrian","root_meaning":"to make a noise, clatter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klattraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clatter","meaning":"To make a continuous rattling sound as hard objects strike together.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"clateren","meaning":"to make a rapid succession of sharp noises","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clatrian","meaning":"to clatter, make a noise","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klattraz","meaning":"clatter (imitative)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clatterer","clatteringly","rattle","jingle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rattle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jingle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bang","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"2955fcef-13ac-4511-a6ec-b2bc2229fb86","word":"clause","definition":"A distinct article, stipulation, or proviso in a document or a grammatical unit containing a subject and a predicate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cláusula","language_family":"latin","root":"clausus","root_meaning":"shut, closed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleh₂u-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clause","meaning":"distinct part; grammatical unit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clause","meaning":"part of a sentence, legal stipulation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clausa","meaning":"closed, conclusion (feminine past participle of claudere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to shut, close","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*klaudō","meaning":"to close","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kleh₂u-","meaning":"to close","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["close","include","exclude","cloister","occlude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stipulation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"article","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phrase","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"b697a9ad-dce9-4ea0-908c-3c8c9ca32711","word":"claw","definition":"A curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot in birds, lizards, and some mammals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clawu","root_meaning":"claw, talon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gelh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"claw","meaning":"A curved, pointed horny nail.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clawu","meaning":"claw","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clutch","cleave","cling","talon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"talon","formality":"technical"},{"word":"nail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"edb09390-83f0-4499-b172-c9f5e08070b9","word":"clay","definition":"A stiff, sticky fine-grained earth, typically yellow, red, or bluish-grey in color and often forming an impermeable layer in the soil.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clæg","root_meaning":"clay","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klajaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clay","meaning":"A stiff, sticky fine-grained earth","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"clay","meaning":"clay","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clæg","meaning":"clay","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*klajaz","meaning":"clay","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["claggy","clog","clod","clean","clutch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loam","formality":"technical"},{"word":"earth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"797511fb-7300-48c7-bb9d-02d2d8bf22e7","word":"clean","definition":"Free from dirt; morally pure; to remove dirt from","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clǣne","root_meaning":"clean, pure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klainijaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clean","meaning":"free from dirt; pure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clǣne","meaning":"clean, pure, innocent","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klainijaz","meaning":"clear, clean, fine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cleaning","cleaner","cleanse","unclean","squeaky-clean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immaculate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spotless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tidy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:17:11.578Z"}
{"id":"2149f5ad-9fb4-4eea-9210-ce54c928d23f","word":"cleaning","definition":"The action or process of making something free from dirt or contamination.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clean","root_meaning":"to make clean, to cleanse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klai-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cleaning","meaning":"action of making clean","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cleaning","meaning":"the act of cleansing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clean","meaning":"to cleanse, to make clean","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clean","cleaner","cleanly","cleanse","cleanser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cleansing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sanitizing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tidying","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"e42b5f93-8479-480d-aba9-2bed3b05dc69","word":"cleanse","definition":"To make clean or purify.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*klainizaz","root_meaning":"clean, pure","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cleanse","meaning":"to clean thoroughly or purify","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cleansen","meaning":"to make clean","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clǣne","meaning":"clean, pure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*klainizaz","meaning":"clean, pure","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clean","cleanly","cleanse","cleansing","unclean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rinse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"883e9482-f535-4255-a9e8-f1f2a22f9288","word":"cleanup","definition":"The act of making something clean and orderly, especially after a mess.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clean + up","root_meaning":"to make free from dirt + upward","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*klainiz, *uppa","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cleanup","meaning":"act of cleaning thoroughly","children":[{"era":"current","word":"clean","meaning":"free from dirt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clæne","meaning":"pure, clean","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klainiz","meaning":"clean","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"up","meaning":"upward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upward","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*uppa","meaning":"up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clean","up","orderly","tidy","cleanse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tidying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restoration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"e30f88c6-f014-4eb1-84dc-97f695730a9d","word":"clear","definition":"Easy to perceive or understand; free from obstruction","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"claro","language_family":"latin","root":"clarus","root_meaning":"bright, clear, famous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"clear","meaning":"easy to understand; unobstructed","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cler","meaning":"clear, bright","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clarus","meaning":"bright, clear, renowned","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clearly","clearing","clearance","unclear","crystal-clear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evident","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transparent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obvious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a0f4be1f-f8b6-4e07-9d8b-8e9ba9f9c9a7","word":"clearly","definition":"In a clear manner; plainly or obviously.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"claramente","language_family":"latin","root":"clarus","root_meaning":"clear, bright","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clearly","meaning":"in a clear manner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clear","meaning":"transparent, bright","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clarus","meaning":"clear, bright","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clear","clarity","clarify","unclear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obviously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinctly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"23baf6d3-b362-412a-9c76-cffb51e382d1","word":"cleaver","definition":"A cleaver is a heavy, broad-bladed knife used for chopping meat or bones.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*kleuban","root_meaning":"to split, cleave","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gleubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cleaver","meaning":"a heavy knife for chopping meat or bones","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cleave","meaning":"to split apart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kleuban","meaning":"to split, cleave","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*gleubh-","meaning":"to split, cleave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cleave","cleaving","cleft","cloven","cleavage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chopper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"butcher knife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meat axe","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"c5d990d4-8ebc-4d58-902a-d7df9decc5b3","word":"clem","definition":"To be hungry or starve, especially in dialectal British English.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clemman","root_meaning":"to squeeze, press, compress","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klammjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clem","meaning":"to be hungry; starve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clemman","meaning":"to press, squeeze, compress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*klammjaną","meaning":"to squeeze, clamp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clamp","clamped","clammy","klemmen","clemmed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"starve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"famish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hunger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"2dd7939e-a329-41ec-817e-166719864efa","word":"clerk","definition":"A person employed in an office or bank to keep records or accounts and to undertake other routine administrative duties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clérigo","language_family":"latin","root":"clericus","root_meaning":"clergyman, priest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"kleros","etymology_tree":{"era":"12th century","word":"clerk","meaning":"a learned person, clergyman","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"clerc","meaning":"clergyman, scholar","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"clericus","meaning":"clergyman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"klerikos","meaning":"belonging to the clergy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kleros","meaning":"lot, inheritance, clergy","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clerical","clergy","cleric","clerkship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administrator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assistant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secretary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"dd35a607-568d-44d8-8cda-7e43750329dc","word":"clever","definition":"Quick to understand, learn, and devise or apply ideas; intelligent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kloever","root_meaning":"skillful, able","root_language":"Dutch/Low German","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clever","meaning":"intelligent, quick-witted","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"kloever","meaning":"skillful, able","children":[],"language":"Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cleverness","cleverly","overclever","un-clever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intelligent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sharp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shrewd","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"baadd754-87f8-4d95-b636-87c2a67274cf","word":"click","definition":"A short sharp sound; to press a computer mouse button.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"click","root_meaning":"onomatopoeia","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"click","meaning":"short sharp sound","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"click","meaning":"onomatopoeia","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clickable","clicked","clicking","clack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"press","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"995a2251-ead7-46ae-aac4-4578554856db","word":"client","definition":"A person or organization using the services of a professional person or company.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cliente","language_family":"latin","root":"cliens","root_meaning":"hearkener, follower","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"client","meaning":"person using professional services","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"client","meaning":"dependent, vassal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cliens","meaning":"hearkener, follower, dependent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clientele","clientele","client-server"],"synonyms":[{"word":"customer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patron","formality":"formal"},{"word":"user","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"0d04e358-ab87-4738-bb35-9c2e0fe526cf","word":"clients","definition":"Plural of client; persons or organizations using the services of a professional.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clientes","language_family":"latin","root":"clientis","root_meaning":"follower, dependent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clients","meaning":"plural of professional service users","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"client","meaning":"one who employs a lawyer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clientis","meaning":"follower, dependent, vassal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["client","clientele","clientage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"customers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patrons","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consumers","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"9e222d41-8696-4e4f-8d04-a99c303818bf","word":"cliff","definition":"A steep, high rock face, especially one at the edge of the sea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clif","root_meaning":"cliff, steep rock","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cliff","meaning":"A steep, high rock face","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clif","meaning":"cliff, steep rock","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cleft","cleave","clift","crag"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precipice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bluff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scarp","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"849b526f-5163-42d4-b4bf-4016254c480e","word":"climate","definition":"The long-term weather patterns and atmospheric conditions characteristic of a region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clima","language_family":"greek","root":"klima","root_meaning":"slope, inclination, region","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"climate","meaning":"long-term weather patterns of a region","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"climat","meaning":"climate, region","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"klima","meaning":"slope, inclination, region","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"klinein","meaning":"to lean, incline","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["climatic","climatology","climates","acclimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atmospheric conditions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"temperature","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"bca7d131-9552-42b5-bfaf-ea475ed34330","word":"climax","definition":"A climax is the highest or most intense point in a process, story, or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clímax","language_family":"greek","root":"klimax","root_meaning":"ladder, staircase","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"climax","meaning":"the highest or most intense point in a process, story, or event","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"klimax","meaning":"ladder, staircase","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["climactic","climaxes","climaxing","climacteric","acme"],"synonyms":[{"word":"culmination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apex","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"59ef84bd-f31d-4a82-9815-a700cd9e4688","word":"climb","definition":"To ascend or go up, especially by using the hands and feet.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"climban","root_meaning":"to climb, to clamber","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klimban","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"climb","meaning":"to ascend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"climban","meaning":"to climb, to clamber","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klimban","meaning":"to climb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clamber","cling","clump","clamp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ascend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"e0df3e96-307e-4a87-b5f9-efd17e615f63","word":"cling","definition":"To hold fast or adhere tightly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*klinganą","root_meaning":"to adhere; cling","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cling","meaning":"to hold fast or adhere tightly","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"clingen","meaning":"to adhere, shrink, or wither","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clingan","meaning":"to adhere; shrink; wither","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*klinganą","meaning":"to adhere; cling","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clung","clinging","clings","clingy","clinger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adhere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attach","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"de604ea5-c996-4d46-943c-ad983f2fbd52","word":"clinic","definition":"A place where medical treatment or advice is given to outpatients.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clínica","language_family":"greek","root":"klinikē","root_meaning":"practice at the sickbed","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"klinikḗ (κλινική)","meaning":"Of or at the bed. From klinē (bed), from klinein (to lean, recline).","children":[{"era":"1620s","word":"clinic","meaning":"A medical treatment facility.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"clínica","meaning":"Clinic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["clinical","clinician","incline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dispensary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"infirmary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"doctor's office","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"041249c9-4a8b-4f37-85d7-7d4de4b1315b","word":"clinical","definition":"Relating to the observation and treatment of patients or medical practice.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"clínico","language_family":"greek","root":"klinē","root_meaning":"bed, couch","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clinical","meaning":"relating to patient observation and treatment","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"clinic","meaning":"place where patients are treated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"klinikos","meaning":"of a bed, bedridden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"klinē","meaning":"bed, couch","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clinic","clinician","clinically","clinical trial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"therapeutic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"diagnostic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"a7b3c361-2b4b-4626-b2b6-7ae60e4ccfa9","word":"clink","definition":"A short, sharp ringing sound made when hard objects strike together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*klinganą","root_meaning":"to sound; ring","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clink","meaning":"a short, sharp ringing sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clinken","meaning":"to ring or make a sharp metallic sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*clincan","meaning":"to ring or sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*klinganą","meaning":"to sound; ring","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clinks","clinking","clinked","clank"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jingle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tinkle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clang","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"2994dbd4-8090-4bca-9bce-5e2868b58caa","word":"clip","definition":"To cut or trim something with scissors or shears, or a device for holding things together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kleppa","root_meaning":"to cut, to strike","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*klip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clip","meaning":"to cut or device for holding","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clippen","meaning":"to cut","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kleppa","meaning":"to cut, to strike","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clips","clipping","clipped","clipboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snip","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"9ee18867-03d7-4322-b012-6ba77c1081b1","word":"clips","definition":"Short sections or excerpts of film, video, or audio; fastening devices that grip.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clippen","root_meaning":"to cut, embrace","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clips","meaning":"short excerpts; fastening devices","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"clip","meaning":"to cut, embrace, fasten","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"clippen","meaning":"to cut, clip","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"klipp-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clip","clipped","clipping","paperclip","bulldog clip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snippets","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excerpts","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fasteners","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"c89b4f59-e53f-456a-be3a-0681669a3bed","word":"clock","definition":"A device that measures and displays the passage of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle Dutch clocke","root_meaning":"bell","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clock","meaning":"timekeeping device","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"clocke","meaning":"bell, striking timepiece","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"clocke","meaning":"bell","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clockwise","clockwork","biological clock","o'clock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timepiece","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"timer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"139948e4-3d83-4fcf-bb7e-837cda55730a","word":"clockwork","definition":"Clockwork is the mechanism of gears and springs that powers a mechanical device, or something moving with mechanical precision.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clockwork","meaning":"the mechanism of gears and springs in a clock or other machine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clock","meaning":"bell; later, timepiece","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"something made or done; mechanism","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clock","clockwise","clockmaker","clocked","clockwork mechanism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mechanism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"machinery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"automaton","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"3db0e883-dded-47b0-96f5-158e9d6f8ce7","word":"clone","definition":"An organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clon","language_family":"greek","root":"klōn","root_meaning":"twig, shoot","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1903","word":"clone","meaning":"An organism or cell produced asexually.","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"klōn","meaning":"twig, shoot","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cloning","clonal","clonable","cloned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replica","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duplicate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"c0df431e-d03e-4dbc-8215-32e247dd13f9","word":"close","definition":"Near in space or time; to shut or move to cover an opening","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"claudere","root_meaning":"to shut, close","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*klew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"close","meaning":"near; to shut","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"clos","meaning":"shut, enclosed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to shut, close, conclude","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["closed","closure","disclose","enclose","closing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proximate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"near","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shut","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"e4cf92c4-5573-4959-90f3-d4647b979125","word":"closed","definition":"Not open; shut or sealed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"close","root_meaning":"to shut, to enclose","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*klaws-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"closed","meaning":"not open; shut","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"close","meaning":"to shut, enclose","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clos","meaning":"enclosed, confined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"claudus","meaning":"lame, limping, hence confined","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["close","closure","closet","disclose","foreclose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sealed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastened","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"3d8d3776-66c0-4718-a6bb-1b1d6996234d","word":"closet","definition":"A small room or recess for storing clothes or other items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"clos","root_meaning":"enclosed, shut","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*klaw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"closet","meaning":"a small room or recess","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"closet","meaning":"small enclosure","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"clos","meaning":"closed, enclosed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clausum","meaning":"shut, closed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["close","enclosure","claustrophobia","closure","exclude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wardrobe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cupboard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"d859bd48-f6f6-4142-95d1-4f28ef9049c3","word":"closure","definition":"The act or process of closing something; a sense of resolution or finality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clausura","language_family":"latin","root":"clausura","root_meaning":"a closing, a barrier","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleh₂u-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"closure","meaning":"The act of closing; resolution","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"closure","meaning":"an enclosure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clausura","meaning":"a closing, a barrier","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["close","claustrophobia","conclude","exclude","include"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ending","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"completion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"72c86e93-bd87-4a21-a3a3-bfe01d82fc0f","word":"clot","definition":"A thick lump or mass, especially of congealed blood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clott","root_meaning":"lump; mass","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clot","meaning":"a thick lump or mass","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clott","meaning":"a lump or mass","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clotting","clotted","clotty","clump","clod"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gob","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"838eb660-0e4a-4993-992a-8619ac79bb06","word":"cloth","definition":"Woven or felted fabric made from wool, cotton, or a similar fiber.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clāth","root_meaning":"cloth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cloth","meaning":"fabric","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clāth","meaning":"cloth","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klaiþą","meaning":"garment, cloth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clothe","clothing","clad","clothes","cloak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fabric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"textile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"material","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"ebe7e2af-6c1c-470c-be2c-640a383c65ef","word":"clothe","definition":"To put clothes on; to dress or provide with garments.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clāþ","root_meaning":"cloth, garment","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klaiþaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clothe","meaning":"to dress, cover with garments","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clothen","meaning":"to provide with clothes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clāþian","meaning":"to clothe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clāþ","meaning":"cloth, garment","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klaiþaz","meaning":"garment","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cloth","clothes","clothing","uncloth","clad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garb","formality":"literary"},{"word":"vest","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"0bb94b7a-95a2-4d88-a9a5-a0845a77cdee","word":"clothes","definition":"Garments worn to cover and protect the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clothe","root_meaning":"to cover with cloth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clothes","meaning":"garments","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clothe","meaning":"to cover with cloth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cloth","meaning":"woven fabric","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cloth","clothe","clothing","clothier","clad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"garments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apparel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outfit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wear","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"77366e13-28af-405d-8659-bbb4372e7672","word":"clothing","definition":"Garments worn on the body to cover and protect it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clothe","root_meaning":"to cover with cloth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clothing","meaning":"garments for wearing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"clothe","meaning":"to cover with cloth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cloth","meaning":"woven fabric","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clothe","cloth","clothes","clothier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apparel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attire","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"0d6180bc-0b0c-475e-bbe8-3901f350270c","word":"cloud","definition":"A visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the general level of the ground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clud","root_meaning":"mass, rock","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cloud","meaning":"visible mass of water vapor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cloud","meaning":"mass of vapor, rock","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clud","meaning":"mass, rock, hill","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clot","clod","clump"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cumulus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"ace1d833-ef46-4e67-bde1-fa560b6522d0","word":"clown","definition":"An entertainer who wears amusing costumes and makeup and performs tricks to make an audience laugh.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kluun","root_meaning":"clod, clumsy fellow","root_language":"Low German / Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clown","meaning":"an entertainer who wears amusing costumes","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cloyne","meaning":"rustic, boor","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"kloen","meaning":"clumsy fellow, clod","children":[],"language":"Low German/Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clod","countryman","boorish","clownish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jester","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buffoon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"33698247-a662-42e8-a5fe-d64395aae819","word":"club","definition":"An association of people with a shared interest or activity, or a stick-like weapon or golf implement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clubbe","root_meaning":"thick stick, lump","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"club","meaning":"association or implement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clubbe","meaning":"thick stick, lump","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clubbing","clubs","clubhouse","nightclub"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organization","formality":"formal"},{"word":"society","formality":"formal"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stick","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"b0220daf-2e81-43b5-af64-793b14268561","word":"clubhouse","definition":"A building serving as the headquarters or gathering place for a club or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"klubba + hus","root_meaning":"heavy stick + dwelling","root_language":"Old Norse / Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klewb- / *keus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clubhouse","meaning":"building used as headquarters for a club","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"club","meaning":"heavy stick, cudgel; later a group sharing common purpose","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"klubba","meaning":"club, cudgel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"house","meaning":"dwelling, building","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"hus","meaning":"dwelling","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clubroom","clubland","nightclub","greenhouse","storehouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lodge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"headquarters","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"5365416d-f2cc-4163-b84b-c85400dca838","word":"clubs","definition":"Plural of club; organizations for people with shared interests or heavy sticks used as weapons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clubes","language_family":"germanic","root":"clubbe","root_meaning":"thick staff or cudgel","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clubs","meaning":"organizations or weapons","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"club","meaning":"heavy stick or association","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clubbe","meaning":"thick staff","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["club","clubbed","clubhouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organizations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"societies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"55e68fb8-10bf-4a99-a994-7bc736057e89","word":"cluck","definition":"To make a short, clicking, henlike sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*klukkwōną","root_meaning":"to make a sound, cluck","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cluck","meaning":"to make a short, clicking, henlike sound","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"cluck","meaning":"to cluck; make a noise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cloccian","meaning":"to cluck, make a noise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*klukkwōn","meaning":"to make a sound, cluck","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*klukkwōną","meaning":"to make a sound, cluck","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clucked","clucking","clucker","clucky","cluck-cluck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cackle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tut","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chirrup","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"b282f164-6bdf-4844-b69a-9cc4f8175a5c","word":"clue","definition":"a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime or solving of a mystery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clew","root_meaning":"ball of thread, guide","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*klut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"clue","meaning":"a piece of evidence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"clew","meaning":"a ball of thread","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cliewen","meaning":"ball, skein","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*klut-","meaning":"to wind, roll up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clew","coil","thread","guide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"888f113b-fa49-4e2e-93c9-32663a7171cc","word":"cluster","definition":"A group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clyster","root_meaning":"A lump, knot","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klustrą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cluster","meaning":"A group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cluster","meaning":"group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"clyster","meaning":"lump, knot","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clod","clot","clasp","cleave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bunch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"e768f3a0-bf25-410a-92d4-d4f44070a522","word":"cnet","definition":"An acronym for a technology news and reviews website, not a traditional etymological word.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Computer Network","root_meaning":"technology network media","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"CNET","meaning":"technology news website","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"Computer Network Entertainment","meaning":"original acronym expansion","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["computer","network","entertainment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tech website","formality":"informal"},{"word":"technology news","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"20741c05-290e-41b0-8e59-e2663115189f","word":"coach","definition":"A large, comfortable, four-wheeled vehicle, often horse-drawn, designed for carrying passengers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coche","language_family":"other","root":"Kocs","root_meaning":"name of a village in Hungary","root_language":"Hungarian","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coach","meaning":"large carriage","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"coche","meaning":"carriage","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"kocsi","meaning":"of Kocs (a village)","children":[],"language":"Hungarian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carriage","car","hackney","chariot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carriage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instructor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"d72ad5f8-8158-42cf-a1d8-2f8790bf3cbb","word":"coal","definition":"A black, combustible mineral substance, formed from fossilized plants, used as fuel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"col","root_meaning":"charcoal, black","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʷohl-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coal","meaning":"a black combustible mineral used as fuel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"col","meaning":"charcoal, coal","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["charcoal","coal-black","coaling","colliery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fuel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carbon","formality":"technical"},{"word":"anthracite","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"7fc06793-6217-48eb-976d-4f39c9ec787f","word":"coalition","definition":"An alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government or of states.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coalición","language_family":"latin","root":"coalitus","root_meaning":"grown together, united","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ewh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coalition","meaning":"An alliance for combined action...","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"coalitio","meaning":"a growing together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coalitus","meaning":"grown together (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coalescere","meaning":"to grow together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coalesce","alliance","collaborate","solidarity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"union","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloc","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"8a4267a4-5183-46bc-907a-3246c15316d4","word":"coast","definition":"The seashore or land near the edge of a large body of water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"costa","language_family":"latin","root":"costa","root_meaning":"rib, side, coast","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coast","meaning":"seashore, edge of water","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"coast","meaning":"seashore, coastline","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"coste","meaning":"coast, side","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"costa","meaning":"rib, side, coast","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coastal","coastline","coaster","accost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seashore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coastline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"littoral","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"e389757a-ac34-45bc-9ba6-404ebb312282","word":"coat","definition":"An outer garment worn for warmth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cota","language_family":"french","root":"cote","root_meaning":"outer garment, tunic","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 AD","word":"cottus","meaning":"Coarse cloth, covering.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cote","meaning":"Outer garment, tunic.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coat","meaning":"An outer garment.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cota","meaning":"Coat of mail, garment.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin/Frankish"},"related_words":["coating","overcoat","coated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jacket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overcoat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a88e021c-156f-4baa-abc5-5bd628377d5d","word":"cobra","definition":"A highly venomous snake, native to tropical Asia and Africa, characterized by its ability to flatten its neck into a hood when agitated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"culebra","language_family":"latin","root":"colubra","root_meaning":"snake","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cobra","meaning":"hooded snake","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cobra","meaning":"snake","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cobra de capelo","meaning":"snake with a hood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colubra","meaning":"snake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["colubrid","coluber","viper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serpent","formality":"literary"},{"word":"adder","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"a735c277-f7cf-4ec7-8bfb-4bea72e8f34d","word":"cocaine","definition":"An addictive drug obtained from coca leaves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cocaína","language_family":"other","root":"kuka","root_meaning":"coca plant","root_language":"Quechua","root_era":"pre-1492","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cocaine","meaning":"drug from coca leaves","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"cocaína","meaning":"cocaine","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"coca","meaning":"coca plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1492","word":"kuka","meaning":"coca plant","children":[],"language":"Quechua"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coca","crack","novocaine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coke","formality":"informal"},{"word":"snow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"crack","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"b14d3005-30f7-4f13-af98-f489be560608","word":"cock","definition":"A male fowl, especially an adult male chicken.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"coc","root_meaning":"male bird (from sound)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kokkaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cock","meaning":"A male fowl, especially an adult male chicken.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"coc","meaning":"male bird, rooster","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kokkaz","meaning":"rooster","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cockerel","cockfight","cock-a-doodle-doo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rooster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chanticleer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fowl","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"e3093f01-8025-4a92-aec7-71ffb86be7c7","word":"cockpit","definition":"The enclosed compartment in an aircraft from which the pilot controls the plane.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cock + pit","root_meaning":"cockfighting pit","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cockpit","meaning":"the enclosed compartment in an aircraft from which the pilot controls the plane","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cock + pit","meaning":"originally a pit used for cockfights","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cock","meaning":"rooster","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pit","meaning":"a hole or hollow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cock","pit","cockfight","cockfighting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flight deck","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pilot compartment","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pilot cabin","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"37224d62-57b7-4310-8e39-7c3634417f3b","word":"cocksucker","definition":"A vulgar noun for a contemptible person or, literally, a person who performs fellatio.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cocksucker","meaning":"a contemptible person or, literally, a person who performs fellatio","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cock","meaning":"rooster; penis","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"suck","meaning":"draw in with the mouth","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cocksucker","cocksucking","sucker","cock","suck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jerk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"asshole","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bastard","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"8c8f6909-557c-42ca-938f-10584c0df06e","word":"cocky","definition":"Conceited or self-assertive, especially in a bold or impudent way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cock","root_meaning":"male fowl (from its strutting behavior)","root_language":"English","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cocky","meaning":"conceited","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"cocky","meaning":"like a strutting cock","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cock","meaning":"male fowl","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cockerel","cockade","peacock","strut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrogant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conceited","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overconfident","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"8f639500-849b-4275-9bed-266a58fc1730","word":"cocoa","definition":"A powder made from roasted and ground cacao seeds, used to make chocolate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cacao","language_family":"other","root":"cacahuatl","root_meaning":"cacao bean, chocolate","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"pre-Columbian","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cocoa","meaning":"A powder made from roasted and ground cacao seeds.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cacao (mistranscribed as cocoa)","meaning":"cacao plant/bean","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cacao","meaning":"cacao tree","children":[{"era":"pre-Columbian","word":"cacahuatl","meaning":"cacao bean, chocolate","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English (loanword)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cacao","chocolate","coco"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chocolate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cacao","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drinking chocolate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"f8475772-ea4e-4991-b8d3-8ef023deeba2","word":"coconut","definition":"The large, oval, brown seed of a tropical palm, consisting of a hard shell lined with edible white flesh and containing a clear liquid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coco","language_family":"other","root":"coco","root_meaning":"grinning face, bogeyman","root_language":"Portuguese","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coconut","meaning":"Tropical fruit","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"coco","meaning":"grinning face","children":[],"language":"Portuguese"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nut","meaning":"a fruit with a hard shell","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coco","nut","coconut palm","copra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drupe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"palm fruit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"a03f7999-75d6-49d5-8da9-850ff2418c4e","word":"code","definition":"A system of rules, symbols, or instructions for communication or programming.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"código","language_family":"latin","root":"codex","root_meaning":"tablet, book","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"code","meaning":"system of rules or symbols","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"code","meaning":"written law or regulations","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"codex","meaning":"tablet, book","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["codex","codec","encode","decode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cipher","formality":"formal"},{"word":"system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regulations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"7a736250-4303-4482-82b7-532cbb9ff92f","word":"codes","definition":"Plural of code; a system of rules or symbols used for communication or programming.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"códigos","language_family":"latin","root":"code","root_meaning":"a book of laws","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"codes","meaning":"systems of rules or symbols","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"code","meaning":"system of signals or laws","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"code","meaning":"body of laws","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"codex","meaning":"book, wooden tablet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["code","coding","coded","codify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ciphers","formality":"formal"},{"word":"systems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rules","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"359dde37-c622-4780-8f0b-b2b4cb14a2da","word":"coffee","definition":"A hot drink made from the roasted seeds of a tropical shrub.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"café","language_family":"other","root":"qahwa","root_meaning":"coffee","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~900 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~900 AD","word":"qahwa","meaning":"Coffee beverage.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"kahveh","meaning":"Coffee.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"koffie","meaning":"Coffee.","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"coffee","meaning":"Brewed coffee drink.","language":"English"}],"language":"Dutch"},{"era":"1700s","word":"café","meaning":"Coffee.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["cafe","caffeine","cappuccino"],"synonyms":[{"word":"java","formality":"informal"},{"word":"brew","formality":"informal"},{"word":"espresso","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"a0bb4b1e-ba04-44b7-acfc-6d92ddb402dc","word":"coffin","definition":"A long, narrow box in which a dead body is placed for burial or cremation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cofre","language_family":"greek","root":"kophinos","root_meaning":"basket","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coffin","meaning":"A box for a dead body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cofin","meaning":"coffin, basket","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cophinus","meaning":"basket","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"kophinos","meaning":"basket","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coffer","cophinus","coffer-dam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"casket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pall","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sarcophagus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"15c49b99-bb49-4d3d-ae28-dd909b634c72","word":"cognac","definition":"A French brandy distilled from wine and named for the town of Cognac in western France.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Conniacum","root_meaning":"estate of Connius","root_language":"Late Latin / Gallo-Roman","root_era":"Roman era","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cognac","meaning":"a type of French brandy","children":[{"era":"Middle French","word":"Cognac","meaning":"the town in southwestern France","children":[{"era":"Roman era","word":"Conniacum","meaning":"\"estate of Connius\"","children":[{"era":"Roman era","word":"Connius","meaning":"a personal name","children":[],"language":"Gaulish personal name"},{"era":"Roman era","word":"-acum","meaning":"estate, property, place of","children":[],"language":"Gaulish/Latin place-name suffix"}],"language":"Gallo-Roman Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Cognac","Cognacais","brandy","eau-de-vie","spirits"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brandy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eau-de-vie","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spirits","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"fc347fc9-7c8c-4818-9cd5-66d2926bc0bd","word":"cognition","definition":"The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cognición","language_family":"latin","root":"cognitio","root_meaning":"a getting to know","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"cognoscere","meaning":"To get to know, learn.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cognitio","meaning":"Knowledge, acquaintance.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"cognition","meaning":"Mental acquisition of knowledge.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"cognición","meaning":"Cognition.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["cognitive","recognize","cognizant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awareness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"e81ca040-2c38-4eb7-b5f9-0448ba481872","word":"cognitive","definition":"Relating to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cognitivo","language_family":"latin","root":"cognoscere","root_meaning":"to know, perceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cognitive","meaning":"Relating to mental processes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cognitif","meaning":"related to knowing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cognoscere","meaning":"to know, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cognition","recognize","incognito","connoisseur","agnostic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intellectual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceptive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cerebral","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"9389c61e-4c04-4fa7-981b-b4f120e2fed2","word":"coincidence","definition":"A remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coincidencia","language_family":"latin","root":"co- + incidere","root_meaning":"together + to fall upon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *kad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coincidence","meaning":"concurrence of events","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"coincidence","meaning":"coincidence","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"coincidentia","meaning":"a falling together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"co- + incidere","meaning":"together + to fall upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incident","accidental","concurrent","happen","fall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serendipity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"synchronicity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fortuity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"0e0a0bb5-4764-4527-bec7-c544bbe95fb3","word":"col","definition":"A depression or pass in a mountain range or ridge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuello","language_family":"french","root":"collum","root_meaning":"neck","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"col","meaning":"mountain pass","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"col","meaning":"mountain pass, neck","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collum","meaning":"neck","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collar","column","cervical","pass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saddle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"491a4922-d8f4-45f9-9a4f-84c1b8659347","word":"cold","definition":"Of or at a low temperature; unfriendly or lacking warmth","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cald","root_meaning":"cold, cool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaldaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cold","meaning":"low temperature; unfriendly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cald","meaning":"cold, cool","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kaldaz","meaning":"cold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["colder","coldest","coldness","ice-cold","cold-blooded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frigid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chilly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"icy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"e5e3179e-a26c-4f53-97eb-3f0372f77333","word":"cole","definition":"A general term for plants of the genus Brassica, such as cabbage or kale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"col","language_family":"latin","root":"caulis","root_meaning":"stalk, stem","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kaul-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cole","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"col","meaning":"cabbage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caulis","meaning":"stalk, stem, cabbage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cabbage","kale","cauliflower","kohlrabi"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cabbage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brassica","formality":"technical"},{"word":"greens","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"abd0ff2b-ffa6-4d52-9d68-1fe5e8cd427e","word":"collaboration","definition":"The action of working with someone to produce or create something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colaboración","language_family":"latin","root":"laborare","root_meaning":"to work","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collaboration","meaning":"The action of working together","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"collaboratio","meaning":"working together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"laborare","meaning":"to work","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collaborate","labor","elaborate","laboratory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cooperation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partnership","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"teamwork","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"ceb52b02-d30e-4856-b3d6-faec8b446c26","word":"collapse","definition":"To fall down or in; to give way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"colapso","language_family":"latin","root":"collābi","root_meaning":"to fall together, slip down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collapse","meaning":"To fall down or in; to give way.","children":[{"era":"1500s-present","word":"collapser","meaning":"to collapse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collābi","meaning":"to fall together, slip down","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*lebʰ-","meaning":"to lick, to lap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lapse","relapse","elapse","collateral","labile","labia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disintegrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buckle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"d5ffac0e-3a51-4ba8-bedb-e96fae1566e1","word":"collar","definition":"A band of material around the neck of a garment or an animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"collar","language_family":"latin","root":"collare","root_meaning":"neckband, necklace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwols-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collar","meaning":"A band of material around the neck of a garment or an animal.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"coler","meaning":"neckband","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collare","meaning":"neckband","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collum","meaning":"neck","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["necklace","collared","decollar","recollect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"neckband","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruff","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"30146629-0e2c-4342-8a7f-5665caa14bd2","word":"collateral","definition":"Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"colateral","language_family":"latin","root":"con- + latus","root_meaning":"with + side","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collateral","meaning":"additional; security for a loan","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"collateralis","meaning":"of or belonging to the side","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"latus","meaning":"side","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lateral","bilateral","unilateral","collaterality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ancillary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"secondary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"security","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"7d6a49c9-86af-45d1-ae77-5072d970509e","word":"colleague","definition":"A person with whom one works in a profession or business.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colega","language_family":"latin","root":"collegare","root_meaning":"to choose or bind together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colleague","meaning":"A person with whom one works.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"collègue","meaning":"colleague","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collega","meaning":"partner in office","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"col-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to choose, gather","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collect","college","legible","lecture","collegiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"associate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coworker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"7782f3cf-0e27-46ec-971d-90040b3932c7","word":"collect","definition":"Bring or gather together (a number of things).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"colectar","language_family":"latin","root":"colligere","root_meaning":"to gather together","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collect","meaning":"gather together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colligere","meaning":"to gather together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to gather, to choose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collection","collector","legible","elect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accumulate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"72cadb03-1386-4347-9057-22d270c192e5","word":"collectable","definition":"Suitable or desirable for collecting.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"coleccionable","language_family":"latin","root":"legere","root_meaning":"to gather, to choose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collectable","meaning":"suitable or desirable for collecting","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"collect + -able","meaning":"to gather together + able to be","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"collect","meaning":"to gather together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collectus","meaning":"gathered, assembled (past participle of colligere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colligere","meaning":"to gather together (com- 'together' + legere 'to gather')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to gather, to choose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collection","collector","recollect","legible","elegant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desirable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valuable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sought-after","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"807b16bc-bdfa-42ec-a292-e9d7bc271721","word":"collectible","definition":"An item considered worthy of being collected, especially by an enthusiast.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"coleccionable","language_family":"latin","root":"colligere","root_meaning":"to gather together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collectible","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"collect","meaning":"to gather","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colligere","meaning":"to gather together (from com- 'together' + legere 'to gather')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collect","collection","collector","recollection","eligible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valuable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prized","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"eb8b0ab4-b1a0-480b-b0c2-271a17af24d6","word":"collectibles","definition":"Objects valued by collectors, typically rare or antique items with monetary or sentimental worth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coleccionables","language_family":"latin","root":"colligere","root_meaning":"to gather together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collectibles","meaning":"objects worth collecting","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"collectible","meaning":"worthy of being collected","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"collect","meaning":"to gather together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colligere","meaning":"to gather, assemble","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collect","collection","collective","collector"],"synonyms":[{"word":"antiques","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valuables","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rarities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"treasures","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"515a2059-23ba-4f28-9dab-4b816ec84532","word":"collection","definition":"A group of items gathered together or the act of gathering things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colección","language_family":"latin","root":"colligere","root_meaning":"to gather together, collect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collection","meaning":"gathered group of items","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"collecte","meaning":"collection, gathering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colligere","meaning":"to gather together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collect","collector","collective","collectible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assemblage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compilation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"c7f94f5f-b399-4287-996c-9149c799fd31","word":"collective","definition":"Done by people acting as a group, or a group of people forming a business or association.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"colectivo","language_family":"latin","root":"collectus","root_meaning":"gathered together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collective","meaning":"Done by people acting as a group...","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"collectif","meaning":"collective","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"collectivus","meaning":"collective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collectus","meaning":"gathered together (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colligere","meaning":"to gather together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collect","collection","college","ligament","recollect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shared","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"d98c98f8-28ad-4640-9569-66c8fa1006e1","word":"collector","definition":"A person who collects things of a specified type, professionally or as a hobby.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colector","language_family":"latin","root":"collector","root_meaning":"gatherer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collector","meaning":"A person who collects","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collector","meaning":"gatherer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colligere","meaning":"to gather together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collect","collection","collective","legible","ligament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assembler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gatherer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accumulator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"7867cf21-3bb1-4a71-9577-9af523a62b60","word":"college","definition":"An educational institution for higher learning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colegio","language_family":"french","root":"college","root_meaning":"community, society","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"collēgium","meaning":"Society, guild, from col + legere (to choose).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"college","meaning":"Community, society of scholars.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"college","meaning":"An institution of higher education.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"colegio","meaning":"School, college.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["colleague","collegiate","collegial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"university","formality":"formal"},{"word":"academy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"71559a47-c7c8-444c-b794-312ee7315d44","word":"collision","definition":"An instance of one moving object or person striking violently against another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colisión","language_family":"latin","root":"collisio","root_meaning":"a striking together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-, *h₂leyH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"collision","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collisio","meaning":"a striking together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collidere","meaning":"to strike together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["collide","lesion","elide","allision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"8c1de8ac-0ab3-4e70-a5e5-db743860f3a1","word":"cologne","definition":"A lightly scented eau de toilette, typically used by men.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colonia","language_family":"french","root":"Cologne","root_meaning":"city in Germany","root_language":"German","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cologne","meaning":"scented liquid","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"eau de Cologne","meaning":"water of Cologne","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Köln","meaning":"city name","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perfume","fragrance","scent","aromatic","eau de toilette"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perfume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragrance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"d3ed1013-8a76-489b-8613-f6bd5f97c189","word":"colombian","definition":"Of or relating to Colombia or its people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"colombiano","language_family":"latin","root":"Colombia","root_meaning":"the country named for Christopher Columbus","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1819","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colombian","meaning":"of or relating to Colombia or its people","children":[{"era":"1819","word":"Colombia","meaning":"the country named for Christopher Columbus","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"Columbus","meaning":"Christopher Columbus; the surname is traditionally linked to Latin columbus 'dove'","children":[],"language":"Latinized surname"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Colombia","Colombians","Columbian","Colombiano"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Columbian","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Colombia-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"of Colombia","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"fadece8a-9ed9-4a6c-8529-ee6f1325c654","word":"colon","definition":"A punctuation mark (:) used to introduce a list, quotation, or explanation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colon","language_family":"greek","root":"kōlon","root_meaning":"limb, clause","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colon","meaning":"A punctuation mark","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colon","meaning":"clause, member of a sentence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kōlon","meaning":"limb, clause, part of a sentence","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["semicolon","column","collective"],"synonyms":[{"word":"punctuation mark","formality":"technical"},{"word":"separator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"ad85f437-e3fe-4865-9315-4c156f73c221","word":"colonel","definition":"A commissioned officer in the army, air force, or marine corps ranking above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coronel","language_family":"latin","root":"colonna","root_meaning":"column","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colonel","meaning":"commissioned officer","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"coronel","meaning":"commander of a column","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"colonnello","meaning":"commander of a column (of soldiers)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colonna","meaning":"column","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["column","coronet","coronation","colon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"officer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"c4411231-3799-4e81-ace3-3822ad3cc2f8","word":"colonial","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonialism.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"colonial","language_family":"latin","root":"colonia","root_meaning":"settlement, farm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colonial","meaning":"Relating to a colony or colonialism.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"-ial","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"16th century","word":"colony","meaning":"a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colonia","meaning":"settlement, farm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colonus","meaning":"farmer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colere","meaning":"to cultivate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["colony","colonize","colonist","culture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imperial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"dcee3111-083d-4bf3-a4f5-4ffe1eb79675","word":"colony","definition":"A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colonia","language_family":"latin","root":"colonia","root_meaning":"settlement, landed estate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colony","meaning":"settlement under foreign control","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"colonie","meaning":"colony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colonia","meaning":"settlement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["colonist","colonial","cultivate","culture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dependency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"territory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"2e1d52c3-2ba7-4a7c-a629-6b896260e251","word":"color","definition":"The property possessed by an object that produces different sensations on the eye due to the way it reflects light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"color","language_family":"latin","root":"color","root_meaning":"color, hue, complexion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*kel-","meaning":"To cover, to conceal.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"color","meaning":"Color, hue, complexion, appearance.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"colour","meaning":"Color.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"color","meaning":"Property of visible light.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"color","meaning":"Color.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["colorful","discolor","tricolor","colorblind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2f7de961-ca5e-40b2-b149-3937f16d8ea2","word":"colorado","definition":"A state in the western United States named after the Colorado River.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colorado","language_family":"latin","root":"Spanish colorado","root_meaning":"colored red, reddish","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Colorado","meaning":"a US state named after the river","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Colorado","meaning":"the reddish river","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"colorado","meaning":"colored red, reddish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"color","meaning":"color, hue","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Colorado River","coloration","color","colored","colorful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Rocky Mountain State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"CO","formality":"abbreviation"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"91e42204-3345-42f0-b2be-4b64e431fdbb","word":"colors","definition":"The property of objects perceived as a result of the way they reflect light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colores","language_family":"latin","root":"color","root_meaning":"color, hue, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colors","meaning":"visual hues or properties","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"color","meaning":"color, hue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"color","meaning":"color, hue, appearance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["color","colorful","colorless","coloration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hues","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shades","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tints","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tones","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"1ea81fbb-71a4-4cc2-ab81-1cda3a466a68","word":"colossal","definition":"Extraordinarily large in size, extent, or importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"colosal","language_family":"latin","root":"Greek kolossos","root_meaning":"large statue; giant figure","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colossal","meaning":"extraordinarily large in size, extent, or importance","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"colossal","meaning":"colossal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colossalis","meaning":"of a colossal statue; gigantic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kolossos","meaning":"large statue; giant figure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["colossus","colossally","colossality","colossus-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gigantic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immense","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"361d303a-bae8-4172-bcec-3e07ae5406e4","word":"colour","definition":"British spelling of color; the visual property resulting from the light reflected from an object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"color","language_family":"latin","root":"color","root_meaning":"appearance, hue","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colour","meaning":"visual hue or appearance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"colour","meaning":"color, hue","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"color","meaning":"color, hue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"color","meaning":"color, appearance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["colored","colorful","coloring","discolor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pigment","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"22c97d92-8f80-4c89-be07-eb1573fe921e","word":"colourful","definition":"Having vivid or varied color, or figuratively lively, striking, or vivid in style.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"color","language_family":"latin","root":"color","root_meaning":"color; hue","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colourful","meaning":"having vivid or varied color; lively or striking","children":[{"era":"14c.","word":"colour","meaning":"British spelling of color","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"color","meaning":"color, hue, appearance","children":[{"era":"pre-classical","word":"colos","meaning":"a covering","children":[{"era":"pre-PIE","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to cover, conceal, save","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["colour","color","colorful","colouring","colourless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vivid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"variegated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flamboyant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"ca4241a0-5e9b-42fe-bcfe-1e2d61902acc","word":"colt","definition":"A young male horse, especially one less than four or five years old.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"colt","root_meaning":"young horse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*koltaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"colt","meaning":"young male horse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"colt","meaning":"young horse","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*koltaz","meaning":"young animal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foal","filly","pony","horse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yearling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"efc18d14-f44a-45ec-b187-ddee1fadd58c","word":"columbia","definition":"A poetic name for the United States or Canada; also the capital of South Carolina and a major city in British Columbia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Columbia","language_family":"latin","root":"Columbus","root_meaning":"of Columbus","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Columbia","meaning":"poetic name for America","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Columbia","meaning":"named after Columbus","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Columbus","meaning":"dove or Christopher Columbus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"columba","meaning":"dove","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Columbus","Columbian","District of Columbia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"America","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"b4f118db-bc94-4e6a-8145-5a75ddf0e03e","word":"column","definition":"A vertical structure supporting a building; a vertical arrangement of items in a table or text.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"columna","language_family":"latin","root":"columna","root_meaning":"pillar, post, support","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"column","meaning":"vertical support or arrangement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"column","meaning":"pillar supporting a structure","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"columpne","meaning":"pillar, post","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"columna","meaning":"pillar, post, support","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["columnar","columnlike","colonnade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pillar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"5fe7ba65-eb3d-4a87-b9b6-009158d06275","word":"columnist","definition":"A journalist who writes or edits a regular column in a newspaper or magazine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"columnista","language_family":"latin","root":"columna","root_meaning":"pillar, column","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"columnist","meaning":"writer of a column","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"column","meaning":"vertical division of text, architectural pillar","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"columne","meaning":"pillar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"columna","meaning":"pillar, column","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to stand up, to rise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["column","colonnade","cellular","excel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"journalist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contributor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essayist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"62c8d53f-e671-4bdc-9842-2cefbface30f","word":"com","definition":"Abbreviation for commercial, commonly used in domain names and internet addresses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"commercium","root_meaning":"trade, commerce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"com","meaning":"abbreviation for commercial","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"commercial","meaning":"relating to commerce or trade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commercium","meaning":"trade, commerce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commercial","commerce","commend","communicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commercial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"a41f794d-574f-401b-ad20-f4cabbaebadf","word":"coma","definition":"A prolonged state of deep unconsciousness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coma","language_family":"greek","root":"kōma","root_meaning":"deep sleep","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"kōma","meaning":"Deep sleep, lethargy.","children":[{"era":"~100 AD","word":"coma","meaning":"Deep sleep.","children":[{"era":"1640s","word":"coma","meaning":"Prolonged unconsciousness.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"coma","meaning":"Coma.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["comatose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unconsciousness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stupor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blackout","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"6243b512-29f8-488b-8358-34c14f3bb402","word":"combat","definition":"Fighting between armed forces; a fight, especially in war.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"combate","language_family":"french","root":"combattre","root_meaning":"to fight","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"combat","meaning":"fight","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"combat","meaning":"a fight","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"combattre","meaning":"to fight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"combattuere","meaning":"to beat together, fight","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["combatant","combative","battle","fight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"battle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conflict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"struggle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"bd71bc0e-4cb0-430e-8abe-9fd52af25cbf","word":"combination","definition":"a joining or grouping of things together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"combinación","language_family":"latin","root":"combinare","root_meaning":"to join two things together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"combination","meaning":"a joining or grouping of things","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"combination","meaning":"joining together","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"combinaison","meaning":"joining together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"combinare","meaning":"to join two things together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["combine","combined","combiner","combinative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mixture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amalgamation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"2750df99-fdbe-492f-8edd-f073ccc5cf87","word":"combine","definition":"To join or merge to form a single unit or substance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"combinar","language_family":"latin","root":"combinare","root_meaning":"To unite two by two.","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"combine","meaning":"To join together","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"combiner","meaning":"to combine","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"combinare","meaning":"to unite two by two","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"bini","meaning":"two by two","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["combination","combined","binary","union","bind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"61d11562-cfd2-482c-ab77-904a1712da0a","word":"combined","definition":"Joined or merged together to form a single entity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"combinado","language_family":"latin","root":"combinare","root_meaning":"to join together in pairs","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"combined","meaning":"joined together","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"combine","meaning":"to join together","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"combiner","meaning":"to join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"combinare","meaning":"to join in pairs","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["combine","combination","combiner","combining"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"01e7e2be-57ff-4bb4-a856-257c27881207","word":"come","definition":"To move toward or arrive at a place; to happen","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cuman","root_meaning":"to come, arrive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kweman-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"come","meaning":"to arrive; to occur","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cuman","meaning":"to come, arrive, happen","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kweman-","meaning":"to come","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gʷem-","meaning":"to step, come","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["came","coming","become","outcome","welcome","overcome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"924b5297-b8c6-4d77-af8b-79a7284c42f3","word":"comeback","definition":"A return to a previous position of success or prominence, or a quick, witty reply.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cuman, bæc","root_meaning":"to come, back","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʷem-, *bak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comeback","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"come","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["income","outcome","backward","backlash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"return","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resurgence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retort","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"7c60add6-d5c1-401b-b539-14a4b6b0f296","word":"comedian","definition":"An entertainer who performs in a humorous way, especially by telling jokes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comediante","language_family":"greek","root":"kōmos","root_meaning":"revel, carousal","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comedian","meaning":"humorous entertainer","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"comedy","meaning":"humorous drama","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"comedie","meaning":"comedy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comoedia","meaning":"comedy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kōmōidia","meaning":"comedy, revelry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kōmos","meaning":"revel, carousal","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comedy","comic","comical","tragi-comedy","encomium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"humorist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wag","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"4bf09b32-13c1-4382-9ccb-04279bb43ae5","word":"comedy","definition":"A genre of drama or entertainment intended to amuse an audience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comedia","language_family":"greek","root":"kōmōidia","root_meaning":"revel song","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"kōmōidía (κωμῳδία)","meaning":"A comic performance. From kōmos (revel, merrymaking) + aoidē (song).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"comedy","meaning":"A humorous play or genre.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"comedia","meaning":"Comedy, play.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["comedian","comedic","tragicomedy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"humor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satire","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"4fe8f1bf-2c70-4a02-acb2-d5f27c07621e","word":"comes","definition":"Arrives or approaches; third person singular present tense of 'come'.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cuman","root_meaning":"to come, to go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comes","meaning":"arrives or approaches","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"come","meaning":"to approach, to arrive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cuman","meaning":"to come, to go","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coming","become","come-hither","comeback"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrives","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approaches","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appears","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"fa92a2d8-542a-4d20-bf76-532c7ad0396c","word":"comet","definition":"A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a 'tail' of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cometa","language_family":"greek","root":"komētēs","root_meaning":"long-haired star","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comet","meaning":"celestial object with a tail","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"comete","meaning":"comet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cometa","meaning":"comet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"komētēs","meaning":"long-haired star","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coma","cometary","cometography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shooting star","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celestial body","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wanderer","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"5f5708be-2d10-46a7-940c-b577b8a162da","word":"comfort","definition":"A state of physical ease and freedom from pain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"confort","language_family":"french","root":"confort","root_meaning":"strengthening, consolation","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"confortāre","meaning":"To strengthen greatly, from con + fortis.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"confort","meaning":"Strengthening, consolation, solace.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"comfort","meaning":"Ease, consolation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"confort","meaning":"Comfort, consolation.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["comfortable","discomfort","comforting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solace","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"4f56803a-07b3-4204-bb90-b1e117a84bf3","word":"comfortable","definition":"Providing physical ease and relaxation; free from stress or hardship.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"confortable","language_family":"french","root":"confortare","root_meaning":"to strengthen greatly, to fortify","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comfortable","meaning":"giving physical or mental ease","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"comfortable","meaning":"giving comfort, strengthening (originally spiritual/moral sense)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"confortable","meaning":"providing solace or support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confortare","meaning":"con- (intensifier) + fortis (strong): to strengthen greatly","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*bʰer-","meaning":"to carry, bear (related to fortis via *dʰer- 'to hold firm')","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comfort","comfortably","discomfort","uncomfortable","fort","fortify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cozy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"snug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"restful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commodious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"94864da3-8a60-47f1-bb14-5e925c5d51e1","word":"comfortably","definition":"Comfortably means in a comfortable, easy, or pleasant manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"confortablemente","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin confortāre","root_meaning":"to strengthen greatly; console","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comfortably","meaning":"in a comfortable manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"comfortable + -ly","meaning":"forming the adverb from the adjective","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"comfortable","meaning":"affording comfort; pleasant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"comfort","meaning":"comfort; solace","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French conforter","meaning":"to strengthen, console","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin confortāre","meaning":"to strengthen greatly; console","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle/Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comfort","comfortable","comforted","comforting","comforter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"easily","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleasantly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cosily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"81852c71-d50c-4687-bb80-250e81ceffa7","word":"comic","definition":"Causing or meant to cause laughter.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cómico","language_family":"greek","root":"komikos","root_meaning":"Relating to comedy.","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comic","meaning":"Causing laughter","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"comique","meaning":"comic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comicus","meaning":"of comedy","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"κωμικός (komikos)","meaning":"of or for comedy","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"κῶμος (komos)","meaning":"revel, procession","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comedy","comical","comedian","comic book","comico"],"synonyms":[{"word":"humorous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"funny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amusing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"2e2185d0-b8db-4de1-8ba1-3679969464ef","word":"comics","definition":"Plural of comic; sequential art narratives or humorous performances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cómics","language_family":"greek","root":"komikos","root_meaning":"relating to comedy, humorous","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- (together) + *ed- (song)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comics","meaning":"sequential art narratives","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"comic","meaning":"relating to comedy or humorous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"komikos","meaning":"relating to comedy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"komos","meaning":"revel, comedy","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comic","comical","comedian","comedy","comic strip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"graphic novels","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cartoons","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sequential art","formality":"technical"},{"word":"comic books","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"ccd79f0f-4a55-4abd-bc2f-3d041c79953d","word":"coming","definition":"Approaching or arriving, or the act of moving toward a place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cuman","root_meaning":"to come, arrive","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coming","meaning":"approaching or arriving","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"come","meaning":"to move toward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cuman","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["come","comer","becoming","overcome","welcome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approaching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arriving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forthcoming","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"671aacef-82f6-44d5-8189-ddd38fa6074d","word":"command","definition":"An authoritative order or to give such an order.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comandar","language_family":"french","root":"comander","root_meaning":"to order, direct","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"commandāre","meaning":"To commit, entrust, order.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"comander","meaning":"To order, direct, entrust.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"command","meaning":"To give an authoritative order.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"comandar","meaning":"To command.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["commander","commandment","commando"],"synonyms":[{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"e5e7413b-c0c8-4508-8b52-ae3295bd6469","word":"commandant","definition":"A commanding officer, especially of a fort, garrison, or military establishment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comandante","language_family":"french","root":"mandare","root_meaning":"to entrust, order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commandant","meaning":"a commanding officer","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"French commandant","meaning":"one who commands","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"commander / comander","meaning":"to order, enjoin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandare","meaning":"to entrust, order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["command","commander","commanding","commandment","commandeer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commanding officer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chief officer","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"4402b951-ed9b-4cb2-a6ba-c7c34c05001c","word":"commander","definition":"A person in authority, especially over a body of troops or a military operation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comandante","language_family":"latin","root":"commandare","root_meaning":"to commend, to entrust (later 'to order')","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"pre-800","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commander","meaning":"A person in authority","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"commander","meaning":"to command, order","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"commandare","meaning":"to entrust, order","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"com-","meaning":"intensive prefix","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"mandare","meaning":"to entrust, order","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"dare","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["command","mandate","commend","recommend","commandant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"officer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superior","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"7cd363ba-0520-4f7c-a79d-836db07d7aae","word":"commandment","definition":"A formal authoritative command or religious law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mandamiento","language_family":"latin","root":"mandare","root_meaning":"to entrust, order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commandment","meaning":"a formal authoritative command or religious law","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"commandement","meaning":"an order or injunction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"commandement","meaning":"an order or instruction","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"commandare","meaning":"to order, entrust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandare","meaning":"to entrust, commit, order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["command","commandeer","commend","mandate","mandate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decree","formality":"formal"},{"word":"edict","formality":"formal"},{"word":"injunction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"357782cb-3add-402b-9047-f36aa5a32bce","word":"commando","definition":"A soldier trained for raids and special operations, or a small raid unit itself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comando","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin mandare","root_meaning":"to entrust; to order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commando","meaning":"a special-operations soldier","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"kommando / commando","meaning":"a raid unit; command","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"comando","meaning":"command","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"commandare","meaning":"to entrust; to order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandare","meaning":"to entrust; to commit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Afrikaans / Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["command","commander","commandeer","commanding","commando raid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"raider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trooper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"special-forces soldier","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"0586f359-6632-460f-8cd6-29e0118ab37e","word":"commence","definition":"To begin or start something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comenzar","language_family":"french","root":"comencier","root_meaning":"to begin","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commence","meaning":"to begin","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"commencen","meaning":"to begin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"comencier","meaning":"to begin","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*cominitiare","meaning":"to begin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- initiare","meaning":"with- to begin","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commencement","beginning","initiative","initial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"start","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"begin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inaugurate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"e8d297a2-ca51-45d2-950f-cb30206326bb","word":"commend","definition":"To praise or express approval of someone; to entrust someone or something to the care of another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"encomendar","language_family":"latin","root":"commendare","root_meaning":"to entrust, commit to one's care","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commend","meaning":"to praise or entrust","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"commenden","meaning":"to commit to one's care, praise","children":[{"era":"1100s–1200s","word":"commender","meaning":"to entrust, recommend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commendare","meaning":"com- (together) + mandare (to entrust, hand over)","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*man-","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commendation","commendable","commendably","recommendation","command","mandate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extol","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recommend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"laud","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"1daa5954-3a00-4f3e-99f2-885b6c4f10b4","word":"comment","definition":"A remark, observation, or note expressing an opinion or providing explanation about something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comentario","language_family":"latin","root":"commentum","root_meaning":"something invented or devised","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comment","meaning":"remark or observation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"comment","meaning":"explanation or annotation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commentum","meaning":"something invented or devised","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comminisci","meaning":"to devise or think up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commentate","commentary","commentator","comment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"note","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feedback","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"bfb4016f-b159-4624-a72c-2c546334ec6a","word":"commentary","definition":"Commentary is an expression of opinion or explanation about an event or situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comentario","language_family":"latin","root":"commentarius","root_meaning":"notebook, memorandum, commentary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commentary","meaning":"an expression of opinion or explanation","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"commentaire","meaning":"commentary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commentarius","meaning":"notebook, commentary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commentari","meaning":"to comment, consider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comment","commentate","mentor","mind","remember"],"synonyms":[{"word":"analysis","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explanation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interpretation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"de48110f-748b-4273-9159-af81c40230d7","word":"commentator","definition":"A commentator is a person who explains, analyzes, or remarks on an event, text, or situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comentador","language_family":"latin","root":"commentari","root_meaning":"to ponder, discuss, or reflect on","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commentator","meaning":"one who comments or explains","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commentator","meaning":"an interpreter or expounder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commentari","meaning":"to think over, discuss, or write notes on","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comment","commentary","commentate","commenting","commentarial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"analyst","formality":"formal"},{"word":"critic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reviewer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"906ff42e-4cc1-4d78-a06e-ebc420ce4a99","word":"comments","definition":"Remarks or observations about something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comentarios","language_family":"latin","root":"commentum","root_meaning":"something invented, contrivance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comments","meaning":"remarks or observations","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"comment","meaning":"to annotate, remark","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commentum","meaning":"contrivance, invention","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comment","commentary","commentator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remarks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feedback","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"c4eed1b3-c9c6-467e-bd32-65fabfd311e7","word":"commerce","definition":"The activity of buying and selling on a large scale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comercio","language_family":"french","root":"commerce","root_meaning":"trade, merchandise","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"commercium","meaning":"Trade, trafficking, from com + merx (goods).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"commerce","meaning":"Trade, business, merchandise.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"commerce","meaning":"Trade, business activity.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"comercio","meaning":"Commerce, trade.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["commercial","merchant","merchandise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a0d3e5d9-fda4-48ef-966c-1d478731837f","word":"commercial","definition":"Relating to trade, business, or the buying and selling of goods.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"comercial","language_family":"latin","root":"commercium","root_meaning":"trade, merchandise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commercial","meaning":"relating to trade","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"commercial","meaning":"relating to commerce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commercium","meaning":"trade, business","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commerre","meaning":"to trade together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commerce","commercialize","commercialism","merchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mercantile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"671a61b0-b551-4c2f-9e9a-8c5bdeb26158","word":"commission","definition":"A fee paid to an agent for transacting business; a group of people appointed to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comisión","language_family":"latin","root":"committere","root_meaning":"to join, entrust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commission","meaning":"fee or authorized group","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"commission","meaning":"act of entrusting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commissio","meaning":"entrusting, delegating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"committere","meaning":"to join, entrust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commissioner","commission","commissioned","commissioning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"payment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"committee","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"e27a2924-3de5-4bb4-a40c-600e4c85eb58","word":"commissioner","definition":"A member of a commission or a person authorized by a commission.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comisionado","language_family":"latin","root":"committere","root_meaning":"to entrust, commit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*com-* + *mittere*","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commissioner","meaning":"A member of a commission or a person authorized by a commission","children":[{"era":"14th C.","word":"commission","meaning":"act of entrusting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commissio","meaning":"a sending together, an entrusting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"committere","meaning":"to entrust, commit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (Late)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commission","commit","committee","mission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delegate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"8dcc3868-4b67-47d0-8474-29ebc5ce1711","word":"commit","definition":"To pledge or bind oneself to a course of action; to carry out or perpetrate a crime.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cometer","language_family":"latin","root":"committere","root_meaning":"to join, to entrust, to combine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commit","meaning":"to pledge or bind","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"committen","meaning":"to join, to entrust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"committere","meaning":"to join, to entrust, to combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together, with","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, to put, to let go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commission","mission","remit","omit","transmitter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undertake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetrate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"40610399-8e7a-4c3a-94d7-68eaf8f98c60","word":"committee","definition":"A group of people appointed for a specific function, typically to accomplish a task or make decisions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comité","language_family":"latin","root":"committere","root_meaning":"to entrust, commit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"committee","meaning":"a group assigned to a function","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"committee","meaning":"a group entrusted with a task","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"committere","meaning":"to entrust, commit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commit","commitment","commissioned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"board","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"council","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"8ca9d84f-c4a9-4c28-860e-c2e49a9982e4","word":"common","definition":"Occurring, found, or done often; belonging to or shared by two or more people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"común","language_family":"french","root":"communis","root_meaning":"shared by all, public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*kom-moin-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*kom-moin-","meaning":"Shared, held in common.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"communis","meaning":"Belonging to all, public.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"comun","meaning":"Common, public.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"common","meaning":"Shared; frequent; ordinary.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"común","meaning":"Common.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["uncommon","commonwealth","community","communicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ordinary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"widespread","formality":"formal"},{"word":"universal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"8fa3a3c6-8ffe-4fed-beca-99f90b1d5c3a","word":"commonwealth","definition":"An independent country or community, especially a democratic republic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"communis, weal","root_meaning":"common/public, well-being/prosperity","root_language":"Latin, Old English","root_era":"classical, pre-1100","proto_root":"*kom-, *wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commonwealth","meaning":"An independent country or community...","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"common","meaning":"common, shared","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"commun","meaning":"common, public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common, public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"wealth","meaning":"well-being, prosperity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weal","meaning":"well-being, prosperity","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*weli-","meaning":"well, good","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["common","wealthy","public","republic","state"],"synonyms":[{"word":"republic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"586e63c5-c92e-47e1-a485-d317d3975790","word":"commotion","definition":"Loud, confused, and often noisy disturbance or uproar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conmoción","language_family":"latin","root":"commotiō","root_meaning":"a stirring up; disturbance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commotion","meaning":"loud, confused disturbance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"commotion","meaning":"disturbance, uproar","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"commotion","meaning":"disturbance, agitation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commotiō","meaning":"a stirring up; disturbance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commovēre","meaning":"to move together; stir up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + movēre","meaning":"\"together/with\" + \"move\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["motion","emotion","commotional","commove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uproar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disturbance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"turmoil","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"8e0c6374-683c-433c-a202-ad24277e13c4","word":"commune","definition":"A commune is a community or municipality in which people live together under shared organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"común","language_family":"latin","root":"communis","root_meaning":"common, shared","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"commune","meaning":"a community or municipality in which people live together under shared organization","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"commune","meaning":"a community or municipality held in common","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common; shared by all","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["common","communal","community","communism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"municipality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"6f320255-ff15-4d8a-8d65-83c322008f83","word":"communicate","definition":"To share or exchange information, thoughts, or feelings.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comunicar","language_family":"latin","root":"commūnicāre","root_meaning":"to share, to make common","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"mūnus","meaning":"Duty, gift, service. The deepest root in this family.","children":[{"era":"~200 BC","word":"commūnis","meaning":"Common, shared, public. From com- (together) + mūnus (duty).","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"commūnicāre","meaning":"To share, to make common.","children":[{"era":"1520s","word":"communicate","meaning":"To share or exchange information.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"comunicar","meaning":"To communicate, to inform.","language":"Spanish"},{"era":"1690s","word":"commune","meaning":"To converse intimately.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"excommunicate","meaning":"To cut off from communion.","language":"English"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1300s","word":"community","meaning":"A group sharing common interests.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"comunidad","meaning":"Community.","language":"Spanish"},{"era":"1300s","word":"common","meaning":"Shared by all.","language":"English"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["community","common","commune","excommunicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tell","formality":"informal"},{"word":"transmit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-05T23:46:57.738Z"}
{"id":"6a614f1e-c804-43ab-9640-f9ff262c1d62","word":"communication","definition":"The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or other means.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comunicación","language_family":"latin","root":"communicatio","root_meaning":"sharing, imparting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"communis","meaning":"Common, shared.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"communicatio","meaning":"A sharing, imparting.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"communication","meaning":"Exchange of information.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"comunicación","meaning":"Communication.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["communicate","common","community"],"synonyms":[{"word":"correspondence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"message","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"99a39013-ef07-4db5-b52a-8c03dbe858f7","word":"communications","definition":"The plural of communication; transmission of information or messages between people or groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comunicaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"communicare","root_meaning":"to share or impart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"communications","meaning":"exchanges of information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"communication","meaning":"act of sharing or imparting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communicare","meaning":"to make common, share","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common, shared","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["communicate","communicative","communication","commune"],"synonyms":[{"word":"messages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correspondence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exchanges","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"35aa59cd-e4ab-484a-84f4-31d82c2e88e9","word":"communion","definition":"Intimate sharing or fellowship, especially in a religious context.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comunión","language_family":"latin","root":"communio","root_meaning":"sharing; fellowship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"communion","meaning":"intimate sharing or fellowship, especially in religion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"communion","meaning":"religious sharing; fellowship","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"communion","meaning":"fellowship; religious participation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communio","meaning":"sharing; fellowship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common; shared","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["communicate","common","community","communicant","communication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fellowship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"union","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"association","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"8938e3b5-a798-4e7d-ab82-0f140d693bca","word":"communism","definition":"A political doctrine advocating collective ownership of the means of production and the abolition of class distinctions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comunismo","language_family":"latin","root":"communis","root_meaning":"common, shared","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"communism","meaning":"the doctrine of common ownership and classless social organization","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"communisme","meaning":"communism","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"communiste","meaning":"communist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common, shared","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"},{"era":"1800s","word":"-isme","meaning":"doctrine or system","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["communist","common","commune","communal","community"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collectivism","formality":"technical"},{"word":"communalism","formality":"formal"},{"word":"socialism","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"b5cd0bf0-199c-4b21-b689-7b04fd8aa104","word":"communist","definition":"A person who supports or advocates the principles of communism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comunista","language_family":"latin","root":"communis","root_meaning":"common, public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-moy-ni-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"communist","meaning":"advocate of communism","children":[{"era":"1840s","word":"communism","meaning":"political theory","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"commun","meaning":"common","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common, public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commune","community","common","communism","communicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"socialist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Marxist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"revolutionary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"8c2afba0-f88d-4bc7-93cf-652ca168d58e","word":"communities","definition":"Plural of community; groups of people living in the same place or having shared characteristics or interests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comunidades","language_family":"latin","root":"communis","root_meaning":"common, shared","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"communities","meaning":"groups with shared place or interests","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"community","meaning":"a body of people living together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communitas","meaning":"common property, society","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common, shared, public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["community","communal","commune","communist","communication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"societies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"populations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collectives","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"c188d7fc-e48a-49c0-adca-cfcb4f5c8947","word":"community","definition":"A group of people living in the same place or sharing common interests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comunidad","language_family":"latin","root":"communis","root_meaning":"common, shared","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"community","meaning":"group sharing common interests","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"community","meaning":"shared life or interests","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communitas","meaning":"fellowship, shared interests","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commune","common","communal","communicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"society","formality":"formal"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"populace","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"31c04b23-f303-46e3-b1d7-bc026100fc9e","word":"compact","definition":"Tightly packed together or an agreement between parties.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"compacto","language_family":"latin","root":"compactus","root_meaning":"firmly joined together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compact","meaning":"closely and firmly united","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"compact","meaning":"pressed together, firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compactus","meaning":"firmly joined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compingere","meaning":"to join together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compacted","compactly","compactness","compact disc"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compressed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consolidated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tight","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"a84d0d22-279f-4408-b40f-c0660fc26271","word":"companies","definition":"Plural of company; groups of people engaged in business or commerce.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compañías","language_family":"french","root":"Old French compagnie","root_meaning":"group sharing bread, fellowship","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"companies","meaning":"business groups","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"company","meaning":"group of people","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"compagnie","meaning":"fellowship, group sharing bread","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["company","companionable","companion","accompany"],"synonyms":[{"word":"firms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corporations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enterprises","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"39ab85de-4026-45ca-8573-da633a235d09","word":"companion","definition":"A person with whom one spends time or travels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compañero","language_family":"french","root":"compaignon","root_meaning":"one who breaks bread with","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 AD","word":"compāniōnem","meaning":"Bread-fellow, from com + pānis (bread).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"compaignon","meaning":"Fellow, mate, companion.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"companion","meaning":"A friend, associate.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"compañero","meaning":"Companion, partner.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["companionship","company","accompany"],"synonyms":[{"word":"associate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comrade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"8955f886-6154-4144-98f6-3de160e0746f","word":"company","definition":"A commercial business; the fact of being with another person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compañía","language_family":"french","root":"compaignie","root_meaning":"group sharing bread together","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"200s BCE","word":"com-","meaning":"Together.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"panis","meaning":"Bread.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"compaignie","meaning":"Society of persons sharing bread.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"company","meaning":"A body of persons; a business.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"compañía","meaning":"Company, companionship.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["companion","accompany","companionship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"firm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enterprise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"fa41ae9b-d8da-4f40-b539-85621ecf39da","word":"comparable","definition":"Able to be compared; similar or equivalent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"comparable","language_family":"latin","root":"comparare","root_meaning":"to compare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comparable","meaning":"able to be compared","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comparabilis","meaning":"that may be compared","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comparare","meaning":"to compare","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compare","comparison","parity","disparity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"similar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equivalent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analogous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"96f4efee-a549-4bea-b9be-55d0e32bec0c","word":"comparative","definition":"relating to or based on comparison.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"comparativo","language_family":"latin","root":"comparare","root_meaning":"to compare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-pare-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comparative","meaning":"relating to or based on comparison","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"comparatif","meaning":"comparative","children":[{"era":"300s CE","word":"comparativus","meaning":"comparative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comparare","meaning":"to compare","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compare","comparison","parable","parity","prepare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analogous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proportional","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"56c78136-08bf-41c0-b586-6a04d6d8a2d6","word":"compare","definition":"To examine similarities and differences between things.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comparar","language_family":"french","root":"comparer","root_meaning":"to liken, compare","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"comparāre","meaning":"To pair together, match, from com + pār (equal).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"comparer","meaning":"To liken, compare.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"compare","meaning":"To examine similarities.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"comparar","meaning":"To compare.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["comparison","comparable","comparative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contrast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liken","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"c62abb50-b659-430f-afa5-3d14390a8754","word":"compared","definition":"Examined two or more things to identify similarities or differences.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comparó","language_family":"latin","root":"compare","root_meaning":"to liken together","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compared","meaning":"examined things for similarities or differences","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"compare","meaning":"to examine by relation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"comparer","meaning":"to liken together","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"comparare","meaning":"to pair together","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compare","comparable","comparison","comparability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contrasted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juxtaposed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"weighed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"ddecb7c9-6bf9-4aee-9a08-a9b15fa88ba8","word":"comparison","definition":"An examination of similarities and differences between two or more things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comparación","language_family":"latin","root":"comparare","root_meaning":"to pair together, match","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comparison","meaning":"examination of similarities and differences","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"comparaison","meaning":"the act of comparing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comparare","meaning":"to pair together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compare","comparative","comparator","comparable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"analogy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contrast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"likeness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"94d04a42-3fc7-4b72-a4e8-69af284ef0b9","word":"compartment","definition":"A partitioned section or area within a larger enclosed space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compartimento","language_family":"latin","root":"compartiri","root_meaning":"to divide, to share","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*parti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compartment","meaning":"a partitioned section","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compartiment","meaning":"division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compartiri","meaning":"to divide, to share","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- (with, together) + partiri (to share, divide)","meaning":"together + to share","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kom-","meaning":"with, beside","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},{"era":"ancient","word":"*parti-","meaning":"to share","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impart","partition","part","portion","department"],"synonyms":[{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"0a64b019-bf5c-41dd-bbeb-fa5b2947c199","word":"compass","definition":"An instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compás","language_family":"latin","root":"compassare","root_meaning":"to pace out, measure","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"null","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compass","meaning":"directional instrument","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"compas","meaning":"circle, pair of compasses","children":[{"era":"null","word":"compassare","meaning":"to measure out, to go around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cum + passus","meaning":"with, together + step","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pace","pass","encompass","trespass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orienter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"direction-finder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"aec79c4d-16c2-4984-998b-83db7cbd4e4b","word":"compassion","definition":"Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compasión","language_family":"latin","root":"compati","root_meaning":"suffer with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compassion","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"compassioun","meaning":"sympathy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compassio","meaning":"sympathy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compati","meaning":"to suffer with","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patient","passion","compatible","empathize","suffer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"empathy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sympathy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"ba7263f2-8d5f-47a2-8a62-7d425b5aa539","word":"compassionate","definition":"Compassionate means showing sympathy and concern for another person's suffering.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"compasivo","language_family":"latin","root":"pati","root_meaning":"to suffer; endure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compassionate","meaning":"showing sympathy and concern for another's suffering","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"compassionate","meaning":"full of compassion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"compassionatus","meaning":"moved by suffering with another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compati","meaning":"to suffer with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pati","meaning":"to suffer; endure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compassion","compassionately","compassionless","compassionate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sympathetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"empathetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merciful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kind","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"11a09cda-5524-4fb6-bdd5-9b511527d807","word":"compatibility","definition":"The ability of two things to exist or be used together without problems or conflict.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compatibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"compati","root_meaning":"suffer with, be sympathetic","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compatibility","meaning":"Ability to coexist","children":[{"era":"300s-700s","word":"compatible","meaning":"able to suffer with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compati","meaning":"to suffer with","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compatible","compassion","patient","passion","suffer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harmony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congruence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"ce0a8946-61f6-47ed-82c8-8e22e3799225","word":"compatible","definition":"Able to exist or work together without conflict or problems.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"compatible","language_family":"latin","root":"compatibilis","root_meaning":"able to suffer together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compatible","meaning":"able to coexist harmoniously","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"compatible","meaning":"capable of existing together","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"compatibilis","meaning":"capable of suffering together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + pati","meaning":"together + to suffer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compatibility","incompatible","compatriot","compassion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harmonious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consistent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agreeable","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"9e55787c-0ffd-4929-bcdc-9f122f4989f3","word":"compel","definition":"To force or pressure someone to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"compeler","language_family":"latin","root":"compellere","root_meaning":"to drive together; force","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compel","meaning":"to force or drive to action","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"compel","meaning":"to force, constrain, or drive together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compellere","meaning":"to drive together, force, or compel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + pellere","meaning":"'together' + 'to drive/thrust'","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compelled","compelling","compulsion","compulsive","compulsory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"force","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coerce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"oblige","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"8fd3d6ed-7b9a-42ba-b14d-6fec1dcbc65a","word":"compensate","definition":"To make up for a loss, defect, or disadvantage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"compensar","language_family":"latin","root":"pendere","root_meaning":"to weigh","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compensate","meaning":"to make up for or counterbalance something","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"compensate","meaning":"to weigh together; balance; make up for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + pensare","meaning":"to weigh with or against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pendere","meaning":"to weigh","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin via French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compensation","compensatory","compensated","compensating","compensator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reimburse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offset","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"redress","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"8036f9dc-2603-44e5-b096-79e4e95ad827","word":"compensation","definition":"The money received by an employee from an employer as a salary or wages; also, something given or received as an equivalent for services, loss, or suffering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compensación","language_family":"latin","root":"compensare","root_meaning":"to weigh together, to balance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compensation","meaning":"Payment for services or losses.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"compensacion","meaning":"balance, equivalent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compensatio","meaning":"a weighing together, a balancing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compensare","meaning":"to weigh together, to balance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pensare","meaning":"to weigh","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compensate","pension","expense","dispense"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reimbursement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"payment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indemnification","formality":"technical"},{"word":"salary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"af8bd3b0-9d2f-49f8-af03-344cf8e26c65","word":"compete","definition":"To strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"competir","language_family":"latin","root":"competere","root_meaning":"to strive together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compete","meaning":"To strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competere","meaning":"to strive together, come together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"petere","meaning":"to strive, seek","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["petition","competent","appetite","repetitive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"70851b76-d875-454e-875c-b8a0248ee021","word":"competent","definition":"Having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"competente","language_family":"latin","root":"competere","root_meaning":"to come together, to agree, to be fit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"competent","meaning":"Having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competens","meaning":"suitable, proper, sufficient","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competere","meaning":"to come together, to agree, to be fit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["competence","competition","compete","competitor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skilled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proficient","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"11da583f-2487-4cdb-a578-7c1035758ea1","word":"competition","definition":"A contest or rivalry between individuals or groups striving for the same objective.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"competencia","language_family":"latin","root":"competere","root_meaning":"to strive together, be suitable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"competition","meaning":"a contest or rivalry between individuals or groups","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"competition","meaning":"rivalry, contest","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"competitio","meaning":"rivalry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competere","meaning":"to strive together, be suitable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compete","competitor","competitive","competence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rivalry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"race","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tournament","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"ef5f2922-f231-44d0-93d2-a2083f9315f1","word":"competitive","definition":"Involving rivalry or the struggle for superiority among competitors.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"competitivo","language_family":"latin","root":"competere","root_meaning":"to strive together, to be capable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"competitive","meaning":"relating to competition","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"competitive","meaning":"characterized by competition","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"compete","meaning":"to contend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competere","meaning":"to strive together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compete","competitor","competition","competence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rivalrous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adversarial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cutthroat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"9562bd11-2a9f-4db1-aa83-7e8d36138831","word":"competitor","definition":"A person or company that is trying to win something or to be more successful than others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"competidor","language_family":"latin","root":"competere","root_meaning":"to seek together, strive after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"competitor","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competitor","meaning":"one who seeks together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competere","meaning":"to seek together, strive after","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together, with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"petere","meaning":"to seek, to aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compete","competition","competitive","petition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opponent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"381e2fc2-af79-4e26-bccd-f5c51dcdc1cc","word":"compilation","definition":"The action or process of producing something, especially a list or book, by assembling information or material collected from other sources.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compilación","language_family":"latin","root":"compilare","root_meaning":"to plunder, gather together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compilation","meaning":"The action or process of producing something by assembling information","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compilatio(n-)","meaning":"a collecting, compiling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compilare","meaning":"to plunder, gather together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compile","compiler","collection","assemble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anthology","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemblage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aggregate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"01841f15-39cb-45c0-8510-d8a8ec5d42fd","word":"compile","definition":"To collect and arrange data or material from various sources to produce a book or document.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"compilar","language_family":"latin","root":"compilare","root_meaning":"to heap up, collect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compile","meaning":"to collect and arrange","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"compiler","meaning":"to collect, put together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compilare","meaning":"to heap up, collect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pilare","meaning":"to rob, plunder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compilation","compiler","compiled","pile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assemble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"8326bcd4-c16f-4efc-8e17-3fd983f58032","word":"compiler","definition":"A program that translates code written in one programming language into another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compilador","language_family":"latin","root":"compilare","root_meaning":"to plunder, collect, compile","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compiler","meaning":"A program that translates code.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"compiler","meaning":"one who compiles","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compilare","meaning":"to gather, collect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compile","compilation","compile-time","compiled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"translator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interpreter","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"fc395c06-9206-4588-9654-000ed876ddd0","word":"complain","definition":"To express dissatisfaction or annoyance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"quejarse","language_family":"french","root":"complaindre","root_meaning":"to lament, bewail","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"complangere","meaning":"To bewail, lament together.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"complaindre","meaning":"To lament, bewail, express grief.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"complain","meaning":"To express dissatisfaction.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"quejarse","meaning":"To complain.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["complaint","complainant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grumble","formality":"informal"},{"word":"protest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"8f5672d4-8d85-428f-bbb5-c1fb2f8bf3d9","word":"complement","definition":"a thing that completes or brings to perfection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"complemento","language_family":"latin","root":"complere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"complement","meaning":"something that completes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plere","meaning":"to fill","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*pleh₁-","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complete","completion","compliment","plenary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"completion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enhancement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"addition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"8e388a9d-be17-440e-972c-be395243c0d3","word":"complete","definition":"Having all the necessary parts; finished.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"completo","language_family":"latin","root":"complētus","root_meaning":"filled up, finished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"complēre","meaning":"To fill up, finish, fulfill.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"complete","meaning":"Having all parts; finished.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"completo","meaning":"Complete, whole.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["completion","completely","complement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thorough","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"0b632eeb-a85e-4752-bd8c-eda2fde493bb","word":"completed","definition":"Finished or brought to an end; having all parts or components present.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"completado","language_family":"latin","root":"completus","root_meaning":"filled up, finished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"completed","meaning":"finished or brought to an end","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"complete","meaning":"finished, whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"completus","meaning":"filled up, finished","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complete","completion","completely","complement","complex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accomplished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"done","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"40ce06de-4225-4efa-b5a2-45d77bad044b","word":"completely","definition":"In a way that is total, entire, or thorough; with nothing left out or undone.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"completamente","language_family":"latin","root":"completus","root_meaning":"filled up, completed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"completely","meaning":"in a total or thorough manner","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"completely","meaning":"totally, thoroughly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"complete","meaning":"finished, filled up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"completus","meaning":"filled up, completed","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*pel-","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complete","completion","complement","complete"],"synonyms":[{"word":"totally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entirely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wholly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"absolutely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"35bd15de-201d-4eba-86fc-f02da1fa499c","word":"completion","definition":"The action or process of finishing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cumplimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"complēre","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"completion","meaning":"The action or process of finishing something.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"completion","meaning":"fulfillment, accomplishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"completiō","meaning":"completion, fulfillment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complēre","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plēre","meaning":"to fill","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*pleh₁-","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complete","complement","accomplish","implement","plenitude","full"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fulfillment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclusion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"e34d23f3-9f9f-4bc4-bd2f-6f480f722a7e","word":"complex","definition":"Consisting of many interconnected parts; complicated or intricate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"complejo","language_family":"latin","root":"complexus","root_meaning":"woven together, embraced","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"complex","meaning":"consisting of many interconnected parts","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"complex","meaning":"intricate or complicated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complexus","meaning":"woven together, connected","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complectere","meaning":"to weave together, embrace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complexity","complexly","complexion","complexities"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complicated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intricate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"convoluted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elaborate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"550b982b-913a-4634-9883-f03c4df46c69","word":"complexion","definition":"The natural color and appearance of a person's skin, especially the face.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"complexión","language_family":"latin","root":"complexiō","root_meaning":"a wrapping together; constitution","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"complexion","meaning":"the natural color and appearance of a person's skin","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"complexion","meaning":"a person's bodily constitution or appearance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"complexion","meaning":"constitution; appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complexiō","meaning":"a combining together; constitution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complectī","meaning":"to embrace, entwine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + plectere","meaning":"together + to weave/fold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complex","complexly","complexioned","complexional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skin tone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"countenance","formality":"literary"},{"word":"appearance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"344b3450-f3be-4a2e-8c66-685b3c92c273","word":"complexity","definition":"The state or quality of being intricate or complicated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"complejidad","language_family":"latin","root":"complexus","root_meaning":"interwoven, embraced","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"complexity","meaning":"The state or quality of being intricate or complicated.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"complexité","meaning":"complexity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complexitas","meaning":"complexity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complexus","meaning":"interwoven, embraced","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complex","complicate","complication","complexion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intricacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"difficulty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"741507a7-69b1-4751-898b-a9d32b0ff995","word":"compliance","definition":"The action or fact of complying with a rule, regulation, or request.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cumplimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"complere","root_meaning":"to complete, fulfill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compliance","meaning":"obedience to rules or requests","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compliance","meaning":"act of complying","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"compliant","meaning":"willing to comply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complere","meaning":"to complete, fulfill","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compliant","comply","complied","non-compliance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obedience","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conformity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adherence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.972Z"}
{"id":"3fb3cfcc-51dc-4f7a-9d99-032ee6f9666f","word":"compliant","definition":"Obeying rules or standards; agreeable and submissive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cumplidor","language_family":"latin","root":"complere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete, fulfill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compliant","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"compliante","meaning":"compliant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comply","compliance","complete","complement","fulfill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obedient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conformable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"submissive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amenable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"aa6cd5c8-69a4-40f3-91a1-3e3a957945ee","word":"complicate","definition":"To make something more difficult, complex, or intricate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"complicar","language_family":"latin","root":"complicāre","root_meaning":"to fold together, intertwine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"complicate","meaning":"to make more difficult","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complicātus","meaning":"folded together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complicāre","meaning":"to fold together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plicāre","meaning":"to fold","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*plek-","meaning":"to plait, to weave, to fold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complex","complication","ply","implicate","replicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"muddle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"c767c2ff-ac77-4572-ab13-41070e06ddbc","word":"complication","definition":"A difficulty or problem, especially one which makes a situation more confusing or difficult to deal with.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"complicación","language_family":"latin","root":"complicatio","root_meaning":"a folding together, an entanglement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- (together, with) + *plek- (to plait, to weave)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"complication","meaning":"difficulty, entanglement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"complicacion","meaning":"complication","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"complicatio","meaning":"a folding together, an entanglement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complicare","meaning":"to fold together, to involve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plicare","meaning":"to fold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complicate","complex","complicit","implicit","ply","duplicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difficulty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obstacle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"problem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hitch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"26834ddd-592e-4dca-bf98-61a7ec867ba1","word":"compliment","definition":"An expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cumplido","language_family":"latin","root":"complēre","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compliment","meaning":"expression of praise","children":[{"era":"16th C.","word":"compliment","meaning":"expression of regard","children":[{"era":"16th C.","word":"complimento","meaning":"regard, compliment","children":[{"era":"15th C.","word":"cumplimiento","meaning":"completion, courtesy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complēmentum","meaning":"that which completes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complēre","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complete","complement","completion","replete","plenary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flattery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commendation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"3e2c2043-5944-4602-b909-65ecbaca4a6e","word":"complimentary","definition":"Expressing a compliment or given free of charge.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"complementario","language_family":"latin","root":"complere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"complimentary","meaning":"expressing praise or given for free","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compliment","meaning":"an expression of praise","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compliment","meaning":"compliment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complementum","meaning":"that which completes or fills up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English (noun)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complement","complete","plenary","accomplish","full"],"synonyms":[{"word":"praising","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"laudatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gratis","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"2a605759-4546-4da6-8b2f-7aeac8eff3a6","word":"comply","definition":"Act in accordance with a wish or command.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cumplir","language_family":"latin","root":"complere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comply","meaning":"act in accordance","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"complier","meaning":"to fill up, satisfy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"complere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compliance","compliant","accomplish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adhere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conform","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"ed3b786e-0ee5-432f-857c-4b700c3d07a6","word":"component","definition":"A part or element of a larger whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"componente","language_family":"latin","root":"componere","root_meaning":"to put together, compose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"component","meaning":"constituent part","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"component","meaning":"that which composes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"componens","meaning":"putting together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"componere","meaning":"to compose, put together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compose","component","composite","decompose","compound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"element","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constituent","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"4cd1adf9-81f1-4656-b357-647bbfe477be","word":"components","definition":"Parts or elements that make up a whole system or structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"componentes","language_family":"latin","root":"componere","root_meaning":"to put together, compose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"components","meaning":"constituent parts","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"component","meaning":"a part of a system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"componere","meaning":"to put together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compose","composition","component","composite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pieces","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"7ba4c0b1-fa43-41ce-b540-84dc4198915e","word":"compose","definition":"To create a work of art, especially music or writing.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"componer","language_family":"french","root":"composer","root_meaning":"to put together, arrange","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"compōnere","meaning":"To put together, arrange, compose.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"composer","meaning":"To put together, arrange, create.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"compose","meaning":"To create, put together.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"componer","meaning":"To compose.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["composer","composition","composure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"create","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craft","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"9e23af3c-9890-4a2b-a92c-855a8ace2b81","word":"composite","definition":"Made up of various parts or elements.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"compuesto","language_family":"latin","root":"componere","root_meaning":"to put together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *peh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"composite","meaning":"made of various parts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compositus","meaning":"put together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"componere","meaning":"to put together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["composition","component","comprehend","position","imposition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blended","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"fe68cecf-daf8-4294-9d6b-e980989267cc","word":"composition","definition":"The nature of something's ingredients or constituents; the way in which a whole or mixture is made up.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"composición","language_family":"latin","root":"componere","root_meaning":"to put together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *peh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"composition","meaning":"act of combining","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"composicion","meaning":"arrangement, putting together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compositio","meaning":"a putting together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"componere","meaning":"to put together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compose","compound","composite","position"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"make-up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constitution","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"854c61a5-e528-4a2d-9f0c-8d7f8e408f4f","word":"compound","definition":"A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compuesto","language_family":"latin","root":"componere","root_meaning":"to put together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compound","meaning":"mixture","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"compoun","meaning":"to put together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"componere","meaning":"to put together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["component","compose","composition","exponent","postpone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mixture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composite","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"24327854-bf0b-4ec4-a9d8-a7f9c2ff752e","word":"comprehend","definition":"To understand something fully or grasp it mentally.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comprender","language_family":"latin","root":"comprehendere","root_meaning":"to seize together; grasp, understand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"comprehend","meaning":"to understand fully","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"comprendre","meaning":"to understand, comprehend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comprehendere","meaning":"to seize, grasp together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + prehendere","meaning":"with/together + seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comprehension","comprehensive","comprehensible","prehend","apprehend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"understand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fathom","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"88b6479a-52cb-47c0-9d39-d3aa2e95fbee","word":"comprehensive","definition":"Including or covering all or nearly all elements or aspects.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"comprehensivo","language_family":"latin","root":"comprehendere","root_meaning":"to seize, to grasp, to include","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"comprehensive","meaning":"covering all aspects","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"comprehend","meaning":"to understand, to include","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comprehendere","meaning":"to seize, to grasp, to include","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cum","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"prehendere","meaning":"to seize, to grasp","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["comprehend","comprehension","apprehend","apprehensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thorough","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exhaustive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"all-inclusive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"1573f77a-cfc9-4bc3-804e-bdc70d9b20cd","word":"compress","definition":"To press or squeeze together; to reduce in size or volume by pressure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comprimir","language_family":"latin","root":"premere","root_meaning":"to press","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compress","meaning":"To press together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compressus","meaning":"pressed together (past participle of comprimere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + premere","meaning":"together + to press","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pressure","impress","express","suppress","depress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squeeze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constrict","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"b0902b51-0584-4042-abe3-8f6d5e9a4142","word":"compression","definition":"The action of flattening or pressing something together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compresión","language_family":"latin","root":"compressio","root_meaning":"a pressing together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compression","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"compression","meaning":"a pressing together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compressus","meaning":"past participle of comprimere 'to press together'","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compress","impress","expression","depress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condensation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"compaction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squeezing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"97b12510-01f2-4057-8708-791c47fa38b1","word":"compromise","definition":"An agreement or a settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compromiso","language_family":"latin","root":"compromissum","root_meaning":"a mutual promise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compromise","meaning":"A settlement by concessions.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compromissum","meaning":"a mutual promise to abide by an arbiter's decision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"compromittere","meaning":"to make a joint promise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"promittere","meaning":"to promise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["promise","commit","mission","promissory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"ed6d2c80-3075-41b8-a807-57935185b3b3","word":"computation","definition":"The act or process of calculating or determining something mathematically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"computación","language_family":"latin","root":"computare","root_meaning":"to count, sum up, reckon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"computation","meaning":"The act or process of calculating or determining something mathematically.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computatio","meaning":"a reckoning, calculation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to count, sum up, reckon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- (prefix)","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"putare","meaning":"to reckon, cut, prune","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compute","computer","computational","count","impute","repute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calculation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckoning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tally","formality":"informal"},{"word":"estimation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"797cb08a-3f21-49ff-bf7f-1254e3eb313c","word":"compute","definition":"To calculate or reckon a sum or quantity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"computar","language_family":"latin","root":"computare","root_meaning":"to reckon, calculate together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"compute","meaning":"to calculate or reckon...","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"computer","meaning":"to count, compute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to reckon, calculate together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"putare","meaning":"to prune, to reckon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pau-","meaning":"to cut, strike, to clean","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["computer","computation","dispute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calculate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estimate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"ce515514-14ae-4fa5-bff4-85bc3b39bf4b","word":"computer","definition":"An electronic device that processes data and performs calculations based on programmed instructions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"computadora","language_family":"latin","root":"computāre","root_meaning":"to calculate, reckon together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *putāre (to think, reckon)","etymology_tree":{"era":"1940s","word":"computer","meaning":"electronic calculating machine","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compute","meaning":"to calculate, figure out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computāre","meaning":"to calculate, count together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compute","computation","computational","computerize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"machine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"processor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"694d0777-0d05-49a8-ab4e-7c13e857ff6d","word":"computers","definition":"Plural of computer; electronic devices for processing data and performing calculations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"computadoras","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin computare","root_meaning":"to count, calculate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"computers","meaning":"electronic devices for processing data","children":[{"era":"1940s","word":"computer","meaning":"device that computes","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compute","meaning":"to calculate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to count, calculate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["computer","compute","computing","computation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"machines","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systems","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"b0209d37-e392-4b44-a730-3f9d70ac6c87","word":"computing","definition":"The use of computers and computer technology, or the calculation and processing of data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"computación","language_family":"latin","root":"computare","root_meaning":"to calculate, count together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"computing","meaning":"processing data with computers","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"compute","meaning":"to calculate or reckon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"computare","meaning":"to calculate, sum up, count together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + putare","meaning":"together + to count, reckon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compute","computer","computation","computational"],"synonyms":[{"word":"data processing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"calculation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"computation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"cea96a91-ccc8-4567-82c2-42df770e8bd1","word":"con","definition":"A deceptive scheme or trick to deceive someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"confidence","root_meaning":"swindling scheme based on gaining confidence","root_language":"English","root_era":"1890s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"con","meaning":"deceptive scheme","children":[{"era":"1890s","word":"confidence game","meaning":"swindle based on gaining confidence","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["con artist","confidence game","con man","conman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swindle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fraud","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scam","formality":"informal"},{"word":"trick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"8fd8c713-4491-4ce6-b6aa-5e74a8134769","word":"conceal","definition":"To conceal is to hide something so it is not seen or known.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"celar","language_family":"latin","root":"celāre","root_meaning":"to hide, conceal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conceal","meaning":"to hide so as to keep out of sight or knowledge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"conceler","meaning":"to conceal, hide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concelāre","meaning":"to hide completely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"celāre","meaning":"to hide, conceal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concealed","concealing","concealment","concealable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obscure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"0c5f1110-0020-4117-ab29-1de9608bb0fa","word":"conceive","definition":"To form an idea, plan, or image in the mind, or to become pregnant.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"concebir","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin concipere","root_meaning":"to take in, receive, or become pregnant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conceive","meaning":"to form an idea or become pregnant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"concevoir","meaning":"to conceive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concipere","meaning":"to take in; become pregnant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + capere","meaning":"together + to take","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to seize, take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conception","conceiver","conceivable","reconceive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imagine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"formulate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"cfa601ee-e521-460c-9cd9-844cdea58c55","word":"concentrate","definition":"To focus one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"concentrar","language_family":"latin","root":"con-, centrum","root_meaning":"together, center","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-, *kentrom","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concentrate","meaning":"to focus","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"concentratus","meaning":"brought to a common center","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"centrum","meaning":"center","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kentron","meaning":"sharp point, sting","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concentration","concentric","central","center","conjoin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"focus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"converge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"bb540d61-9020-4d57-ae4a-4e60f0306320","word":"concentration","definition":"The action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concentración","language_family":"latin","root":"concentrare","root_meaning":"to bring to a common center","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concentration","meaning":"The action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"concentrate","meaning":"to gather into a center","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"concentrare","meaning":"to bring to a common center","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"centrum","meaning":"center","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concentrate","concentric","center","centralize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"focus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attention","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intensity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"e3ce18ee-593e-453e-8877-9907e6d94994","word":"concept","definition":"An abstract idea or general notion representing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concepto","language_family":"latin","root":"conceptus","root_meaning":"taken together, conceived","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concept","meaning":"abstract idea or notion","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"concept","meaning":"conception, idea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conceptus","meaning":"conceived, taken together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concipere","meaning":"to take together, conceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conceptual","conception","conceive","conceptualize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"idea","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"principle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"0f3ef84d-448a-46e6-8357-89d09a925ec0","word":"conception","definition":"The act or process of conceiving, especially the beginning of pregnancy or the formation of an idea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concepción","language_family":"latin","root":"concipiō","root_meaning":"to take in; conceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conception","meaning":"the act or process of conceiving","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"concepcioun","meaning":"conception; pregnancy; a forming in the mind","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"conception","meaning":"conception; understanding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conceptiō","meaning":"a taking up; conception; pregnancy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concipiō","meaning":"to take in, conceive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conceive","concept","conceit","preconception"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"formation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fertilization","formality":"technical"},{"word":"notion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"f640aaaf-d2ae-41c9-9c31-3b4c7d9c0806","word":"conceptual","definition":"Relating to or based on mental concepts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"conceptual","language_family":"latin","root":"conceptus","root_meaning":"a collecting, a comprehending, a conception","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conceptual","meaning":"relating to concepts","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"conceptuel","meaning":"relating to concepts","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"conceptus","meaning":"a collecting, a comprehending (past participle of concipere)","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"concipere","meaning":"to take in, conceive (con- + capere)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concept","conceive","conception","conceptually"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abstract","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"theoretic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notional","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"9b547911-34f1-4a0e-b19e-80455b4d94e7","word":"concern","definition":"Anxiety or a matter of interest or importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"preocupación","language_family":"french","root":"concerner","root_meaning":"to relate to, regard","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"concernere","meaning":"To sift, mix, relate to.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"concerner","meaning":"To relate to, regard, matter.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"concern","meaning":"Worry, a matter of importance.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"preocupación","meaning":"Concern, worry.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["concerned","concerning","unconcerned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehension","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"e8a91c3c-d376-4f4e-ba0a-91815e27909f","word":"concerned","definition":"Worried or anxious about something; affected or involved in a matter.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"concernido","language_family":"latin","root":"concernere","root_meaning":"to mingle together, be related to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concerned","meaning":"worried or involved","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"concern","meaning":"to relate to, affect, or worry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concernere","meaning":"to mingle, be related to, affect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + cernere","meaning":"together + to sift, discern","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concern","concerning","concerned","discern","concern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worried","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anxious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"involved","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"7f089432-37f8-4a88-b5dc-72df463a8c68","word":"concerning","definition":"Regarding; about.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"concerniente","language_family":"latin","root":"concernere","root_meaning":"to mix together, relate to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concerning","meaning":"regarding","children":[{"era":"early 15th century","word":"concern","meaning":"to relate to","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"concerner","meaning":"to relate to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concernere","meaning":"to mix together, relate to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concern","discernment","certain","discern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regarding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"about","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"respecting","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apropos","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"bf2212de-f902-4cde-91f7-2b77b11e3759","word":"concerns","definition":"Plural of concern; worries, anxieties, or matters of interest or importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concernientes","language_family":"latin","root":"concernere","root_meaning":"to mix together, be relevant to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concerns","meaning":"worries or matters of importance","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"concern","meaning":"to worry, to be relevant to","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"concerner","meaning":"to affect, involve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concernere","meaning":"to mix together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concern","concerned","concerning","unconcerned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worries","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anxieties","formality":"formal"},{"word":"matters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issues","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"01d35a06-b949-4e46-b8bb-7c5eee58f2d9","word":"concert","definition":"A musical performance given in public, typically by several performers or of several compositions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concierto","language_family":"french","root":"concerter","root_meaning":"to bring into agreement, to arrange","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concert","meaning":"musical performance","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"concerter","meaning":"to bring into agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concertare","meaning":"to contend, dispute (later to arrange)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concerto","consort","concertina","concerted","disconcert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recital","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"performance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gig","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"dc2a7b17-231e-4356-ad2e-0be9588cf944","word":"conclude","definition":"To bring something to an end, or to arrive at a judgment or opinion by reasoning.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"concluir","language_family":"latin","root":"concludere","root_meaning":"to shut up, enclose, infer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*klau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conclude","meaning":"To bring to an end.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concludere","meaning":"to shut up, enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to close","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conclusion","conclusive","exclude","include","occlude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"6d6f3f56-d132-4dcf-b453-843b7353dedf","word":"conclusion","definition":"The end or finish of an event or process.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conclusión","language_family":"latin","root":"conclusio","root_meaning":"a closing, an end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conclusion","meaning":"end or finish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"conclusion","meaning":"end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conclusionem","meaning":"a closing, an end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concludere","meaning":"to shut up, enclose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conclude","exclude","include","occlude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"culmination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"e4cda3b6-d2da-4a71-8789-bf89fc392dc8","word":"concord","definition":"Agreement or harmony between people or groups, or the harmonious combination of sounds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concordia","language_family":"latin","root":"concordia","root_meaning":"agreement, union of hearts","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *ḱer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concord","meaning":"agreement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"concorde","meaning":"agreement, harmony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concordia","meaning":"agreement, union of hearts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cor, cordis","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accord","discord","cordial","concordance","core"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harmony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unanimity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"55110b1e-b816-476d-86e4-46325c3d4995","word":"concubine","definition":"A woman who lives with a man in a marriage-like sexual relationship without being his wife.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concubina","language_family":"latin","root":"cubāre","root_meaning":"to lie down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concubine","meaning":"a woman in a marriage-like sexual relationship without legal marriage","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"concubine","meaning":"concubine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concubina","meaning":"concubine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cubāre","meaning":"to lie down","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["concubinage","concubinal","cubicle","incubate","recumbent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mistress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kept woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paramour","formality":"literary"},{"word":"bedmate","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"4321f345-0732-4025-a784-933116754ba6","word":"concussion","definition":"Temporary brain dysfunction resulting from trauma to the head, often accompanied by loss of consciousness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concusión","language_family":"latin","root":"concutere","root_meaning":"to shake violently","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"concussion","meaning":"Temporary brain dysfunction resulting from trauma to the head","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"concussion","meaning":"a shaking, shock","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concūtiō","meaning":"a violent shaking","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["percussion","discussion","repercusion","quash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trauma","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"cf8d746d-c4ee-43e2-ab8f-13d4a4fff746","word":"condemn","definition":"To express complete disapproval of; censure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"condenar","language_family":"latin","root":"condemnāre","root_meaning":"to sentence, to blame, to condemn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"condemn","meaning":"to express strong disapproval","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"condemnen","meaning":"to blame, to condemn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"condemnāre","meaning":"to sentence, to blame","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["condemnation","condemnable","damn","damage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"denounce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"censure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"criticize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doom","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"974c2580-d443-43e7-94bd-d31803609e99","word":"condition","definition":"The circumstances affecting the way in which people live or work; a state of health.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condición","language_family":"latin","root":"conditio","root_meaning":"agreement, stipulation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"200s BCE","word":"condicere","meaning":"To agree upon, to stipulate.","children":[{"era":"100s BCE","word":"conditio","meaning":"Agreement, terms.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"condition","meaning":"Stipulation, terms.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"condition","meaning":"A state; a requirement.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"condición","meaning":"Condition, state.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["conditional","conditioning","precondition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circumstance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"situation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a467b26f-9aaa-48af-9a13-dc914e7b42af","word":"conditional","definition":"Subject to one or more conditions or requirements being met.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"condicional","language_family":"latin","root":"conditio","root_meaning":"agreement, stipulation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conditional","meaning":"subject to conditions","children":[{"era":"current","word":"condition","meaning":"a stipulation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conditio","meaning":"agreement, stipulation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"condere","meaning":"to put together, found","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dare","meaning":"to put, give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["condition","unconditional","terms","provisional","premise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provisional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contingent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dependent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"91c7b099-5ad8-4421-b7b6-096320652d91","word":"conditioner","definition":"A substance or product that softens, smooths, or improves something, especially hair.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acondicionador","language_family":"latin","root":"condicio","root_meaning":"agreement, stipulation, condition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conditioner","meaning":"a product that softens or improves something","children":[{"era":"current","word":"condition + -er","meaning":"one that conditions","children":[{"era":"current","word":"condition","meaning":"state; requirement; stipulation","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French condition","meaning":"condition; terms; state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin condicio","meaning":"agreement; terms; condition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["condition","conditioning","conditional","conditioned","conditioner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"softener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treatment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emollient","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"fee954d0-ae2c-43f3-a761-c46008bc5bc3","word":"conditions","definition":"The state or circumstances affecting the way people live or work, or requirements to be met.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condiciones","language_family":"latin","root":"condicio","root_meaning":"agreement, settlement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conditions","meaning":"circumstances; requirements","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"condition","meaning":"circumstances; state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"condicio","meaning":"agreement, arrangement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["condition","conditional","conditioned","condition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"circumstances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"requirements","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"27e18900-f182-49aa-98bf-20623c8b2b7c","word":"condolence","definition":"An expression of sympathy with someone in sorrow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condolencia","language_family":"latin","root":"condolere","root_meaning":"to suffer with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":"*dol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"condolence","meaning":"expression of sympathy","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"condolence","meaning":"sympathy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"condolere","meaning":"to suffer with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dolere","meaning":"to suffer, to grieve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doleful","dolorous","condole","sorrow","pain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sympathy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commiseration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solace","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"c2391f4f-ea28-4d04-9162-cdf83069a02b","word":"condom","definition":"A sheath-shaped barrier device, typically made of latex, used during sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condón","language_family":"latin","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"condom","meaning":"contraceptive device","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"condom","meaning":"contraceptive sheath","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Condus","meaning":"container, receptacle","children":[],"language":"Latin (conjectured)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contraceptive","sheath","prophylactic","barrier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prophylactic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rubber","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sheath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"f6ca61e8-f47c-477c-b6b5-6af3489f68e1","word":"conduct","definition":"The manner in which one behaves, or to lead or direct.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conducta","language_family":"french","root":"conduire","root_meaning":"to lead, guide","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"condūcere","meaning":"To lead together, from con + dūcere.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"conduire","meaning":"To lead, guide, manage.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"conduct","meaning":"Behavior; to lead or direct.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"conducta","meaning":"Conduct, behavior.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["conductor","conductive","misconduct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"behavior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deportment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"9746dadd-5b25-47c7-a454-cd20ac9a6310","word":"conductor","definition":"A person who directs the performance of an orchestra or choir, or a material or device that conducts heat, electricity, or sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conductor","language_family":"latin","root":"conducere","root_meaning":"to lead together, bring together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conductor","meaning":"leader or material for conduction","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"conductor","meaning":"leader, guide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conducere","meaning":"to lead together, bring together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conduct","deduce","induce","seduce","ductile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transmitter","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"d55d08b5-1042-469e-990a-f5ef5b4b49f1","word":"cone","definition":"A cone is a three-dimensional shape that tapers smoothly to a point from a circular base.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cono","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek kônos","root_meaning":"cone; peg","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cone","meaning":"a shape tapering to a point from a circular base","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cone","meaning":"a cone-shaped object or form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conus","meaning":"cone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kônos","meaning":"cone; peg","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conic","conical","conoid","conoidal","cone-shaped"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conoid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"conical solid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spire","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"a6b598b4-21fd-4e8e-9b77-21d328c84ee5","word":"confederate","definition":"Confederate means joined in a formal alliance or league.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"confederado","language_family":"french","root":"foedus","root_meaning":"treaty, league","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confederate","meaning":"joined in a formal alliance or league","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"confederé","meaning":"allied, joined in a league","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confederatus","meaning":"joined in a treaty or league","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foedus","meaning":"treaty, league","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confederation","confederacy","federate","federal","federation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"federated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"united","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"d39e0cbf-eef2-46eb-a7a7-9eb8fc676b58","word":"conference","definition":"A formal meeting or assembly of people to discuss and exchange ideas on a particular topic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conferencia","language_family":"latin","root":"conferre","root_meaning":"to bring together, compare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conference","meaning":"formal meeting or discussion","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"conference","meaning":"meeting, discussion","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"conférence","meaning":"discussion, debate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conferre","meaning":"to bring together, discuss","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conferences","confer","conferring","conferral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"symposium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"6217ebe4-2d16-42a5-9a27-ddbf60c4fb6c","word":"confess","definition":"To admit that one has committed a crime or done something wrong.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"confesar","language_family":"french","root":"confesser","root_meaning":"to acknowledge, admit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"confessāre","meaning":"To acknowledge, confess, from confitēri.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"confesser","meaning":"To acknowledge, admit, profess.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"confess","meaning":"To admit wrongdoing.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"confesar","meaning":"To confess.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["confession","confessor","confessional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"admit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"4afebc07-6566-4a1f-b6ab-8ecfebf18c04","word":"confession","definition":"A formal statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime or sin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"confesión","language_family":"latin","root":"confessio","root_meaning":"acknowledgement, avowal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confession","meaning":"admission of guilt","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"confession","meaning":"acknowledgement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confessio","meaning":"acknowledgement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confess","confessional","confessant","confessed","unconfessed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"admission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledgment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"avowal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"d9656de1-5a90-4163-89cc-e6688a87717d","word":"confide","definition":"To trust someone enough to share private information or rely on them with confidence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"confiar","language_family":"latin","root":"confīdō / confīdere","root_meaning":"to trust, have confidence in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeydʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confide","meaning":"to trust someone enough to share private information or rely on them with confidence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confīdere","meaning":"to trust, have confidence in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + fidēre","meaning":"with + to trust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confidence","confidential","confiding","confider"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entrust","formality":"formal"},{"word":"repose confidence in","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"1ece955d-dde8-470b-bac1-befa7871c067","word":"confidence","definition":"A feeling of self-assurance or trust in one's own abilities or in another person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"confianza","language_family":"latin","root":"confidentia","root_meaning":"full trust, reliance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bheydh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confidence","meaning":"self-assurance; trust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confidentia","meaning":"full trust, assurance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confidere","meaning":"to trust fully","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + fidere","meaning":"together + to trust","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bheydh-","meaning":"to trust, persuade","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confident","confide","confidential","fidelity","diffidence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assurance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"self-reliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aplomb","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sureness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"1ff91e58-c436-4c9c-91a0-164caa4d11c8","word":"confident","definition":"Feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one's abilities or qualities.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"confidente","language_family":"latin","root":"confidere","root_meaning":"to trust, to rely upon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1580s","word":"confident","meaning":"feeling assured","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confidentem","meaning":"trusting, relying upon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fīdere","meaning":"to trust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confidence","confide","fidelity","confidant","infidel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assured","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-assured","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poised","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"735727bd-f05c-4298-b7f1-f485039411c1","word":"confidential","definition":"Intended to be kept secret.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"confidencial","language_family":"latin","root":"confidere","root_meaning":"to trust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bheidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confidential","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confidentia","meaning":"trust, reliance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confidere","meaning":"to trust, confide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fidere","meaning":"to trust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bheidh-","meaning":"to trust, persuade","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confidence","confident","confide","fidelity","fiduciary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intimate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"1ed160b1-54d0-4a50-b516-bacdd3690726","word":"confidentiality","definition":"The state of keeping or being kept secret or private.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"confidencialidad","language_family":"latin","root":"confidere","root_meaning":"to trust, to confide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰidʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confidentiality","meaning":"The state of keeping or being kept secret or private.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confidentia","meaning":"trust, reliance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confidere","meaning":"to trust, to confide (from con- 'with, together' + fidere 'to trust')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confident","confide","fidelity","trust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secrecy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"privacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discretion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"a1ece228-b3a0-4465-ad31-db10963f07ac","word":"configuration","definition":"An arrangement or setup of elements or components.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"configuración","language_family":"latin","root":"configurare","root_meaning":"to shape, to form","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"configuration","meaning":"arrangement of elements","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"configure","meaning":"to arrange or set up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"configurare","meaning":"to shape, to form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cum","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"figura","meaning":"shape, form, figure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["configure","configurator","figura","figuration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"setup","formality":"informal"},{"word":"layout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"ab6f37fc-fbff-4d75-900c-18e1e388550c","word":"configure","definition":"To arrange or set up in a particular form or way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"configurar","language_family":"latin","root":"configurare","root_meaning":"to fashion, shape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"configure","meaning":"to arrange or set up","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"configurer","meaning":"to fashion, dispose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"configurare","meaning":"to fashion, shape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["figure","figuration","reconfigure","prefigure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"set up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"9cc406a4-fbcc-4363-9357-5dcb03be8bc3","word":"confine","definition":"To keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of space, scope, or time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"confinar","language_family":"latin","root":"confinare","root_meaning":"to border, enclose, limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confine","meaning":"to restrict","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"confiner","meaning":"to border, limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confinare","meaning":"to border, enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"finis","meaning":"end, boundary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finite","define","confines","boundary","limit","final"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restrict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imprison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enclose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"68fb2d2c-1930-46d9-87d4-5aafe72b7951","word":"confinement","definition":"The state of being kept within limits or restricted to a particular place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"confinamiento","language_family":"french","root":"finis","root_meaning":"boundary, end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confinement","meaning":"the state of being restricted","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"confinement","meaning":"restriction, imprisonment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"confinement","meaning":"boundaries, restriction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"confiner","meaning":"to border on, to limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + finis","meaning":"\"with\" + \"boundary, end\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confine","confined","define","infinite","finial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restriction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imprisonment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seclusion","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"bbeae165-bdcc-4bf2-b785-42db806d9367","word":"confirm","definition":"To establish the truth or correctness of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"confirmar","language_family":"french","root":"confermer","root_meaning":"to strengthen, establish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"confirmāre","meaning":"To make firm, strengthen, establish.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"confermer","meaning":"To strengthen, ratify, establish.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"confirm","meaning":"To verify, establish truth.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"confirmar","meaning":"To confirm.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["confirmation","confirmed","reconfirm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"verify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"validate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"334023bf-405b-4633-8fc0-a6c7cffb4c11","word":"confirmation","definition":"The action of confirming something or the state of being confirmed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"confirmación","language_family":"latin","root":"confirmare","root_meaning":"to make firm, strengthen, establish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confirmation","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"confirmacion","meaning":"corroboration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confirmatio","meaning":"a strengthening, establishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confirmare","meaning":"to make firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"firmus","meaning":"firm, strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confirm","affirm","firm","firmness","infirm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corroboration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"verification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affirmation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"d1411256-8eb4-464c-b9b6-f2337d73aa42","word":"confiscate","definition":"To confiscate is to seize property or goods, often as an official penalty.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"confiscar","language_family":"latin","root":"confiscare","root_meaning":"to seize into the treasury","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confiscate","meaning":"to seize officially","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confiscare","meaning":"to seize into the treasury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together; completely","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fiscus","meaning":"treasury; public purse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confiscation","confiscatory","confiscable","confiscator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impound","formality":"technical"},{"word":"expropriate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"26252b37-7cbc-430a-abdf-d24cd34fa0c5","word":"conflict","definition":"A serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conflicto","language_family":"latin","root":"confligere","root_meaning":"to strike together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhlig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conflict","meaning":"a serious disagreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conflictus","meaning":"a striking together, collision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confligere","meaning":"to strike together, contend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fligere","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affliction","inflict","flail","flagellate","confliction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dispute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contention","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strife","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"6ad95728-9a04-4355-a900-8f78846f12f6","word":"confront","definition":"To meet someone face to face with hostile or argumentative intent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"confrontar","language_family":"latin","root":"confrontare","root_meaning":"to stand face to face with","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"4th-5th century CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confront","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"confronter","meaning":"to stand face to face with","children":[{"era":"4th-5th century CE","word":"confrontare","meaning":"to stand face to face with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"frons, frontis","meaning":"forehead, front","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["front","affront","frontal","frontier","effrontery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"face","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"challenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oppose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tackle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"bcd5f198-7088-4558-9ce0-731f45434213","word":"confuse","definition":"To make unclear or bewildering; to mix up or bewilder.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"confundir","language_family":"latin","root":"confundere","root_meaning":"to pour together, mix up, disturb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confuse","meaning":"To make unclear or bewildering.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"confus","meaning":"confused","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confusus","meaning":"poured together, mixed up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confusion","confused","confusing","confound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perplex","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bewilder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"muddle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"2bf4fa52-da20-4715-ad72-569d4f48025a","word":"confusion","definition":"A state of disorder or disarray; a lack of clarity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"confusión","language_family":"latin","root":"confundere","root_meaning":"to pour together, mix, jumble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"confusion","meaning":"state of disorder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"confusion","meaning":"disorder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confusio","meaning":"mingling, disorder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"confundere","meaning":"to pour together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confuse","diffuse","effusion","profuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disarray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perplexity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bewilderment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"9dac53d7-0967-47f4-8842-1284a8fe1492","word":"congratulate","definition":"To express joy or pleasure to someone for their success or good fortune.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"congratular","language_family":"latin","root":"congratulari","root_meaning":"to wish joy, to rejoice with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *gr̥H-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"congratulate","meaning":"To express joy or pleasure to someone for their success or good fortune.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"congratulate","meaning":"to express joy with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congratulatus","meaning":"rejoiced with (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congratulari","meaning":"to wish joy, to rejoice with","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gratitude","grateful","grace","gratuity","ingratiate","agree"],"synonyms":[{"word":"felicitate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"applaud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"afabaf3d-e432-4b70-9a7b-e7fd602362e2","word":"congratulation","definition":"The act of expressing praise and joy to someone for an achievement or good fortune.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"congratulación","language_family":"latin","root":"congratulari","root_meaning":"to wish joy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"congratulation","meaning":"The act of expressing praise and joy to someone for an achievement or good fortune.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"congratulation","meaning":"act of congratulating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congratulatio","meaning":"a wishing joy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["congratulate","gratitude","grateful","grace","gratify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"felicitations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commendation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kudos","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"400926cd-2f3f-4dc7-b4b6-18232cf7c264","word":"congregation","definition":"A congregation is a gathered group, especially a Christian worshiping assembly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"congregación","language_family":"latin","root":"congregatio","root_meaning":"a gathering together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"congregation","meaning":"gathered group; worshiping assembly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congregatio","meaning":"a gathering together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congregare","meaning":"to gather together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + gregare","meaning":"to bring into a flock","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grex","meaning":"flock; herd","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["congregate","congregant","congregational","congregationalism","congregating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assembly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemblage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"981f0fbf-becd-433d-a3b4-e929ecb06b7d","word":"congress","definition":"A formal meeting or assembly of representatives, especially the legislative body of the United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"congreso","language_family":"latin","root":"congressus","root_meaning":"a meeting, a coming together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gress- (to walk, go)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"congress","meaning":"Assembly or legislative body","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"congress","meaning":"meeting or assembly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"congrès","meaning":"meeting, assembly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congressus","meaning":"meeting, encounter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["congressional","congressman","congresswoman","congression"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assembly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parliament","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"c3c39eea-0ad3-4fe4-ada1-6d8cd590cc84","word":"congressional","definition":"Of or relating to a congress, especially the U.S. Congress.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"congresional","language_family":"latin","root":"congressus","root_meaning":"a meeting, an assembly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*grem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"congressional","meaning":"Relating to a congress.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"congress","meaning":"a formal assembly of delegates","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congressus","meaning":"a meeting, an assembly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gradi","meaning":"to step","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["congress","congressman","congresswoman","legislative","parliamentary","senatorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legislative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parliamentary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deliberative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"ccd4c6bd-8087-45ea-9506-85aaa875073a","word":"congressman","definition":"A male member of a congress, especially the U.S. House of Representatives.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"congresista","language_family":"latin","root":"congressus","root_meaning":"a meeting, assembly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"congressman","meaning":"member of congress","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"congress","meaning":"an assembly, a meeting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congressus","meaning":"a meeting, coming together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"congredī","meaning":"to come together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"man","meaning":"human being, male adult","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["congress","congresswoman","congressional","congressionalist","congressive","congressing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legislator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delegate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"9b1bf994-4614-4782-9310-752bf0c2ae0a","word":"conjunction","definition":"A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":"conjunción","language_family":"latin","root":"conjunctiō","root_meaning":"a joining together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conjunction","meaning":"A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"conjonction","meaning":"union, conjunction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conjunctiō","meaning":"a joining together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["join","junction","adjunct","conjugal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"5a0a431a-802e-4ac8-80e7-ae86957b1c21","word":"connect","definition":"To link or join together; to establish a relationship or communication between two things.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"conectar","language_family":"latin","root":"conectere","root_meaning":"to bind or tie together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"connect","meaning":"to link or join together","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"connect","meaning":"to join or bind together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conectere","meaning":"to tie or bind together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["connection","connected","connector","disconnect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"join","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"cc692f54-279d-4444-b9e9-7d52014256af","word":"connected","definition":"Joined or linked together; having a relationship or association.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"conectado","language_family":"latin","root":"connect","root_meaning":"to join together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nek- (to bind)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"connected","meaning":"joined or linked","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"connect","meaning":"to join together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"connectere","meaning":"to bind together","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*nek-","meaning":"to bind, tie","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["connect","connection","connector","connectivity","interconnected"],"synonyms":[{"word":"linked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"related","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attached","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"0e6684bc-974b-4535-bf77-be8f27a9feef","word":"connection","definition":"A relationship or association between people, things, or ideas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conexión","language_family":"latin","root":"connexio","root_meaning":"joining together, binding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"connection","meaning":"relationship or association","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"connection","meaning":"joining, linking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"connexio","meaning":"joining together, binding","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["connect","connected","connector","connections"],"synonyms":[{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relationship","formality":"formal"},{"word":"association","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tie","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"7a33b348-1431-4cf6-9562-ed0cc25194e1","word":"connectivity","definition":"The state or extent of being connected or interconnected.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conectividad","language_family":"latin","root":"connectere","root_meaning":"to tie together, to join","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"connectivity","meaning":"state of being connected","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"connect + -ivity","meaning":"ability to connect","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"connect","meaning":"to join together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"connectere","meaning":"to tie together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"nectere","meaning":"to bind, tie","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["connect","connection","nexus","annex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interconnection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"network","formality":"technical"},{"word":"linkage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"9ec6967d-687f-4a82-8d0f-f33e34d2f6b1","word":"connector","definition":"A device or part that joins two things together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conector","language_family":"latin","root":"conectere","root_meaning":"to fasten together, to join","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"connector","meaning":"A device that joins","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"connect","meaning":"to join, fasten together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conectere","meaning":"to fasten together, to join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cum","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"nectere","meaning":"to bind, tie","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["connect","connection","annex","nexus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adapter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"junction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"8779dbcc-fa62-44ed-89fd-388bb1910fdd","word":"conquer","definition":"To overcome and take control of by military force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"conquistar","language_family":"french","root":"conquerre","root_meaning":"to gain, win","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"conquīrere","meaning":"To search for, procure, conquer.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"conquerre","meaning":"To gain, win, overcome.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"conquer","meaning":"To overcome, defeat.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"conquistar","meaning":"To conquer.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["conqueror","conquest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vanquish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"defeat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overcome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"03cab157-a484-4f1c-bbc9-8f81f4bc5f98","word":"conscience","definition":"An inner feeling or voice acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conciencia","language_family":"latin","root":"conscientia","root_meaning":"knowledge with, joint knowledge, consciousness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-, *skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conscience","meaning":"an inner feeling guiding rightness or wrongness","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"conscience","meaning":"moral sense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conscientia","meaning":"knowledge with, consciousness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scientia","meaning":"knowledge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conscious","science","prescient","omniscience","subconscious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"morality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ethics","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scruples","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"4ed727c1-9889-4c7f-b200-d157c5cfc1af","word":"conscious","definition":"Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"consciente","language_family":"latin","root":"conscius","root_meaning":"knowing with, aware","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conscious","meaning":"aware","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conscius","meaning":"knowing with, aware","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scire","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conscience","science","prescient","subconscious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aware","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cognizant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"ae89e23e-83bd-490a-a301-cfa7a4fa29c4","word":"consciousness","definition":"The state of being aware of one's own existence and surroundings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conciencia","language_family":"latin","root":"conscius","root_meaning":"knowing with, privy to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skh₂ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consciousness","meaning":"The state of being aware of one's own existence and surroundings.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"conscious","meaning":"knowing, aware","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conscius","meaning":"knowing with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scire","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*skh₂ei-","meaning":"to cut, to separate, to distinguish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conscious","science","conscience","omniscient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awareness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sentience","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cognizance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"565f7230-31f7-4845-832a-86d5c8f84479","word":"consecutive","definition":"Following continuously in an unbroken or logical sequence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"consecutivo","language_family":"latin","root":"consequi","root_meaning":"to follow closely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consecutive","meaning":"following in sequence","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"consecutivus","meaning":"following","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"consequi","meaning":"to follow closely","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consequence","subsequent","sequence","prosecute","execute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"successive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sequential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"continuous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"6d42f953-1d9e-4774-ad07-e43e0b7f2bf9","word":"consensus","definition":"General agreement about something; an idea or opinion that is shared by all the people in a group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consenso","language_family":"latin","root":"consensus","root_meaning":"agreement, accord","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consensus","meaning":"general agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consensus","meaning":"agreement, accord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consent","dissent","sensory","sentiment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unanimity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"c9cbf6c4-9741-4813-9e55-7e85c4529647","word":"consent","definition":"Permission or agreement for something to happen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consentimiento","language_family":"french","root":"consentir","root_meaning":"to agree, comply","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"consentīre","meaning":"To feel together, agree, from con + sentīre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"consentir","meaning":"To agree, comply, permit.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"consent","meaning":"Permission, agreement.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"consentimiento","meaning":"Consent.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["consensus","consensual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"796ca341-9c96-442c-af0e-46384d42bb04","word":"consequence","definition":"A result or effect of an action or condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consecuencia","language_family":"latin","root":"consequentia","root_meaning":"a following after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consequence","meaning":"A result or effect of an action or condition.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consequence","meaning":"outcome, result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consequentia","meaning":"a following after","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consequi","meaning":"to follow with, follow up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*sekʷ-","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consequent","sequel","sequence","execute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"result","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outcome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"4c637cef-f511-4394-ac30-7ddcc6aac616","word":"consequently","definition":"As a result or effect; therefore.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"consecuentemente","language_family":"latin","root":"consequi","root_meaning":"to follow with, ensue","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consequently","meaning":"as a result","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"consequent","meaning":"following as a result","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consequence","meaning":"result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consequentia","meaning":"a following","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consequi","meaning":"to follow with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consequence","sequential","pursue","second"],"synonyms":[{"word":"therefore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accordingly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"321ed74f-fc8b-4f72-afe2-b38dc2093859","word":"conservation","definition":"The preservation and protection of the environment, natural resources, or cultural heritage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conservación","language_family":"latin","root":"conservare","root_meaning":"to keep safe, preserve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- (with) + *servare (to keep, protect)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conservation","meaning":"preservation of nature or resources","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"conservation","meaning":"act of preserving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conservatio","meaning":"preservation, protection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conservare","meaning":"to keep safe, preserve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conserve","conservative","conservator","conservancy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preservation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stewardship","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"32b35593-24ba-4149-8e2c-b8de7a97e424","word":"conservative","definition":"Holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"conservador","language_family":"latin","root":"conservare","root_meaning":"to keep, preserve, save","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conservative","meaning":"Holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conservativus","meaning":"preserving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conservare","meaning":"to keep, preserve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conserve","conservation","conservatism","conservancy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traditionalist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reactionary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"right-wing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"685ab548-efe6-48a3-86ac-7f0521010407","word":"consider","definition":"To think carefully about something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"considerar","language_family":"latin","root":"cōnsīderāre","root_meaning":"to look at closely, examine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cōnsīderāre","meaning":"To look at closely, observe the stars.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consider","meaning":"To think carefully about.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"considerar","meaning":"To consider, ponder.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["consideration","considerable","considerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contemplate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ponder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"think about","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a043762c-71b0-4a53-bc29-e5d62c0b2dab","word":"considerable","definition":"Notably large in size, amount, or extent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"considerable","language_family":"latin","root":"considerare","root_meaning":"to look at closely, to examine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"considerable","meaning":"worthy of consideration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"considerer","meaning":"to consider","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"considerare","meaning":"to look closely at, observe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sidus","meaning":"star, constellation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consider","consideration","considerate","considering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"substantial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"significant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ample","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"859d935e-c308-4879-bc1d-3360e2d0ced9","word":"considerably","definition":"Considerably means to a notable or substantial degree.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"considerablemente","language_family":"latin","root":"considerare","root_meaning":"to examine carefully","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"considerably","meaning":"to a notable degree","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"considerable","meaning":"worth considering; fairly large","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"considerare","meaning":"to examine carefully","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consider","considerable","consideration","considerably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"significantly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substantially","formality":"formal"},{"word":"markedly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"5281cc37-f7e0-4ecd-8a8f-90f1a7b48131","word":"considerate","definition":"Showing careful thought for the feelings and needs of others.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"considerado","language_family":"latin","root":"consideratus","root_meaning":"carefully considered","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"considerate","meaning":"thoughtful of others","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consideratus","meaning":"carefully considered or deliberate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"considerare","meaning":"to look at closely; examine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consider","consideration","considerably","considered","considering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thoughtful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attentive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mindful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courteous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"05fe473f-1cac-4d36-825a-df283bacac2d","word":"consideration","definition":"Careful thought, typically over a period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consideración","language_family":"latin","root":"considerare","root_meaning":"to examine, to look at closely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sweid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consideration","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th C.","word":"consideracion","meaning":"thought, reflection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consideratio","meaning":"contemplation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"considerare","meaning":"to examine, observe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consider","sidereal","desire","contemplate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deliberation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reflection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thought","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"b331a4cd-7bd3-4af2-ab1f-ba608550e8c2","word":"considered","definition":"Thought about carefully; deemed or regarded as something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"considerado","language_family":"latin","root":"considerare","root_meaning":"to observe together, to think over","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"considered","meaning":"carefully thought about, regarded as","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consider","meaning":"to think about, examine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"considerer","meaning":"to observe, think about","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"considerare","meaning":"to observe together, reflect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consider","considerable","considerate","consideration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contemplated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regarded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deemed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"dcf95968-9be9-48f7-8607-63338f3e9597","word":"consist","definition":"To be made up or composed of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"consistir","language_family":"latin","root":"consistere","root_meaning":"to stand firm, to stop, to agree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consist","meaning":"To be made up or composed of.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consistere","meaning":"to stand firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sistere","meaning":"to stand, cause to stand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consistent","consistency","assistance","resistant","insist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comprise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"be composed of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"75b2ffad-3c3f-4566-be90-813f79d2e2a0","word":"consistency","definition":"The quality of achieving a level of performance which does not vary greatly in quality over time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consistencia","language_family":"latin","root":"sistere","root_meaning":"to stand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consistency","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"consistency","meaning":"a standing still, firmness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consistentia","meaning":"agreement, firmness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consistere","meaning":"to stand firm, halt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sistere","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consistent","insist","resist","stand","status","subsistence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steadiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uniformity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regularity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"2fcd292b-764c-47ae-94ce-5a1bab186ea5","word":"consistent","definition":"Acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"consistente","language_family":"latin","root":"consistere","root_meaning":"to stand together, agree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consistent","meaning":"Acting or done in the same way over time.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consistent","meaning":"standing firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consistentem","meaning":"standing together, firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sistere","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insist","resist","assist","stance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uniform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coherent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"steadfast","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"f6d3df0c-86e6-43fb-8969-b9b9db79c31f","word":"consolation","definition":"The comfort received by a person after a loss or disappointment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consolación","language_family":"latin","root":"consolatio","root_meaning":"comfort, solace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consolation","meaning":"comfort after loss","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consolatio","meaning":"comfort, solace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consolari","meaning":"to console, to comfort","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"solari","meaning":"to comfort","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["console","solace","disconsolate","consoling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reassurance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sympathy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"ea051628-9e51-4e9f-a232-b8892d5af6fb","word":"console","definition":"To comfort (someone) at a time of grief or disappointment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"consolar","language_family":"latin","root":"consolari","root_meaning":"to solace, comfort","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"console","meaning":"to comfort","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"consoler","meaning":"to console","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consolari","meaning":"to solace, comfort","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solace","disconsolate","consolation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soothe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assuage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"483ddb0d-35ce-4f52-967f-383cdf7de616","word":"consolidate","definition":"To combine a number of things into a single more effective or coherent whole.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"consolidar","language_family":"latin","root":"consolidare","root_meaning":"to make firm, strengthen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consolidate","meaning":"To combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consolidare","meaning":"to make firm, strengthen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"solidus","meaning":"solid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solid","solidarity","consolidation","solider","solidify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strengthen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"613c3add-f799-4a68-bf49-0d60863af5de","word":"consolidation","definition":"The act or process of combining several things into a single, more effective, or coherent whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consolidación","language_family":"latin","root":"consolidare","root_meaning":"to make firm, combine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consolidation","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consolidation","meaning":"consolidation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consolidare","meaning":"to make firm, combine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consolidate","solid","solidarity","soldering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merger","formality":"technical"},{"word":"amalgamation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"4f47cfe3-d8a6-4edb-a3ab-4d0fcb92c309","word":"consortium","definition":"An association, typically of several business companies or financial institutions, with the goal of participating in a common activity or pooling resources for a common purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consorcio","language_family":"latin","root":"consortium","root_meaning":"partnership, fellowship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1860s","word":"consortium","meaning":"an association or partnership","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consortium","meaning":"partnership, fellowship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sors","meaning":"lot, fate, share","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consort","sort","assort","destiny","partnership"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"federation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"syndicate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"88997e84-35a9-4e3f-9179-085e8382df74","word":"conspiracy","definition":"A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conspiración","language_family":"latin","root":"conspirare","root_meaning":"to plot together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*speis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conspiracy","meaning":"secret plot","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"conspiracie","meaning":"conspiracy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conspirare","meaning":"to plot together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"spirare","meaning":"to breathe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*speis-","meaning":"to blow, breathe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conspire","spirit","inspiration","respiration","aspiration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scheme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intrigue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"machination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"b8995aab-93c5-4fe5-8ef2-6b56e76ffb3b","word":"constable","definition":"A police officer of the lowest rank, or an officer of a peace in a township or small municipality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condestable","language_family":"french","root":"conestable","root_meaning":"count of the stable","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*steh₂- (to stand) + *kom- (with, together)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constable","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"conestable","meaning":"officer of the stable","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"comes stabuli","meaning":"count of the stable","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stable","count","constabulary","marshal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"officer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"policeman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deputy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"906dcb35-ecf9-4e48-9754-b4a2e37590c5","word":"constant","definition":"Remaining the same over a period of time; unchanging.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"constante","language_family":"latin","root":"constare","root_meaning":"to stand firm, be consistent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constant","meaning":"unchanging","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"constaunt","meaning":"firm, steadfast","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constans","meaning":"standing firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constare","meaning":"to stand firm","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sta-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["constancy","stand","stable","station","establish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consistent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unwavering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"31af694f-cceb-4e1e-ba0a-2ff44d711de3","word":"constitute","definition":"To be a part of a whole; form or compose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"constituir","language_family":"latin","root":"constituere","root_meaning":"to set up, establish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constitute","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"constituer","meaning":"to establish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constituere","meaning":"to set up, establish (from com- 'together' + statuere 'to set')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["constitution","constituent","institute","substitute","destitute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"form","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"57e72465-9b5d-498b-a02d-46d198129fc7","word":"constitutes","definition":"Makes up or forms part of a whole; amounts to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"constituye","language_family":"latin","root":"constituere","root_meaning":"to set up, to establish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constitutes","meaning":"makes up, forms","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"constitute","meaning":"to set up, establish, form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constituere","meaning":"to set up, establish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com + statuere","meaning":"to set up together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["constitute","constitution","constituent","statute","establish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comprises","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amounts to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"a743fbf5-ca42-472f-8685-5108f83f29eb","word":"constitution","definition":"A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"constitución","language_family":"latin","root":"constitutio","root_meaning":"establishment, regulation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constitution","meaning":"fundamental principles","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"constitucion","meaning":"rule, regulation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constitutio","meaning":"establishment, regulation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constituere","meaning":"to establish, to set up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["constitute","constitutional","constituent","destitute","institute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"code","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"bbb9b7fd-d79a-4652-9c5b-b45db858fde3","word":"constitutional","definition":"Relating to a constitution, especially as a set of rules for a government or organization.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"constitucional","language_family":"latin","root":"constitutio","root_meaning":"a standing together, an establishment, an ordinance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constitutional","meaning":"relating to a constitution","children":[{"era":"14th Century","word":"constitution","meaning":"a law, regulation","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"constitutio","meaning":"a standing together, an establishment","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"constituere","meaning":"to set up, establish","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"statuere","meaning":"to set, place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["constitute","constitution","statute","destitute","institution","substitute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fundamental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"basic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chartered","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"44e9953f-5887-44fb-ab52-9c1e7416693b","word":"constraint","definition":"A limitation or restriction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"constreñimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"constringere","root_meaning":"to bind together, to tie tightly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*streg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constraint","meaning":"restriction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"constreindre","meaning":"to constrain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constringere","meaning":"to bind together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stringere","meaning":"to draw tight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["constrain","restricted","strict","stringent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restriction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limitation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compulsion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restraint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"25a0757c-ded7-4efb-8621-8bc2c5d8e786","word":"construct","definition":"To build or make something, typically a building, road, or machine.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"construir","language_family":"latin","root":"construere","root_meaning":"to heap together, to build","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"construct","meaning":"to build","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constructus","meaning":"p.p. of construere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"construere","meaning":"to heap together, to build","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"struere","meaning":"to pile, to build","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["construction","structure","instruct","destructive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"build","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"create","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabricate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"e724ce2e-69c8-45b3-852e-d90c3c07ec8a","word":"construction","definition":"The process of building or assembling something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"construcción","language_family":"latin","root":"construere","root_meaning":"to pile up, build","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*struere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"construction","meaning":"process of building","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"construction","meaning":"building","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"construere","meaning":"to pile up, build","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["construct","constructor","deconstruct","infrastructure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"building","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"erection","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"eb5aaaa6-e825-41f6-ac23-8a35b5c0e83f","word":"constructive","definition":"Having or intended to have a useful or beneficial effect rather than being critical or obstructive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"constructivo","language_family":"latin","root":"struere","root_meaning":"to pile up, build","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*strew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"constructive","meaning":"promoting improvement or development","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"constructivus","meaning":"relating to construction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"construere","meaning":"to heap together, build","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + struere","meaning":"together + to pile/spread","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*strew-","meaning":"to spread, strew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["construct","construction","constructively","reconstruct","infrastructure","structural"],"synonyms":[{"word":"productive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneficial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"helpful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ameliorative","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"09b42069-0cf0-4444-b9a8-7b0153f6ca3b","word":"consul","definition":"A consul is a public official who represents a government in a foreign city and helps protect its citizens and interests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cónsul","language_family":"latin","root":"consulere","root_meaning":"to take counsel; consult; deliberate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consul","meaning":"public official representing a government abroad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consul","meaning":"Roman magistrate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consulere","meaning":"to consult, deliberate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consult","consultation","consultant","counsel","consulship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diplomat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"d4b959a6-43b7-4420-9df2-bcaaf4420d8d","word":"consulate","definition":"A consular office or the building and staff that represent a country's interests abroad.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consulado","language_family":"latin","root":"consulātus","root_meaning":"consulship; office of consul","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consulate","meaning":"a consular office abroad","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"consulat","meaning":"consulate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consulātus","meaning":"consulship; office of consul","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consul","meaning":"chief magistrate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consul","consular","consulship","consulate-general","consularity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consular office","formality":"technical"},{"word":"consular post","formality":"technical"},{"word":"diplomatic office","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"af49624d-69de-4c31-8d1e-c6c013791ac8","word":"consult","definition":"To seek information or advice from someone with expertise.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"consultar","language_family":"latin","root":"consultare","root_meaning":"To deliberate, take counsel, ask advice.","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consult","meaning":"To seek advice","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consulter","meaning":"to consult","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consultare","meaning":"to deliberate, take counsel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consultation","consultant","counsel","council"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"7f8b3e98-f871-40fe-8f4f-bed5895fe716","word":"consultancy","definition":"The business of giving expert advice to people working in a professional or technical field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consultoría","language_family":"latin","root":"consulere","root_meaning":"to deliberate, consult","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consultancy","meaning":"business of giving expert advice","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"consultant","meaning":"one who consults","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"consulter","meaning":"to consult","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consulere","meaning":"to deliberate, consult","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consult","consultant","consultation","counsel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advisory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"8360ecbe-19c7-43a2-a9cf-46875b479744","word":"consultant","definition":"A person who provides expert advice professionally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consultor","language_family":"latin","root":"consultare","root_meaning":"to consult, deliberate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consultant","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"consulter","meaning":"to consult","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consultare","meaning":"to consult","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consult","consultation","consultative","counsel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specialist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"c027de0f-d4be-49ba-ba30-fd8a43745fe6","word":"consultation","definition":"The action or process of formally consulting or discussing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consulta","language_family":"latin","root":"consultatio","root_meaning":"deliberation, advice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consultation","meaning":"the act of consulting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consultacion","meaning":"deliberation, counsel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consultatio","meaning":"deliberation, advice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consultare","meaning":"to consult, to deliberate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consult","consultant","counsel","insult","result"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discussion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deliberation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"103f6096-f243-41ef-b2af-a9b5843249fe","word":"consulting","definition":"The practice of providing expert advice to organizations or individuals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consultoría","language_family":"latin","root":"consultare","root_meaning":"to deliberate, take counsel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consulting","meaning":"providing expert advice","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"consult","meaning":"to take counsel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consultare","meaning":"to deliberate, take counsel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"salire","meaning":"to jump, leap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ing","meaning":"gerund suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consult","consultant","consultation","consulted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advising","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counsel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"advisory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"69d90522-73e1-40b2-a1d8-60e321efcaa9","word":"consume","definition":"To eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink); to use up a resource.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"consumir","language_family":"latin","root":"consumere","root_meaning":"to take entirely, devour, waste","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sum-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consume","meaning":"to eat or use up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consumere","meaning":"to take entirely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sumere","meaning":"to take","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"emere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consumption","consumer","consummate","presume","resume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devour","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utilize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhaust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"edaf734a-cf0f-48fe-a39f-45b00212d94f","word":"consumer","definition":"A person or entity that purchases goods or services for personal use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consumidor","language_family":"latin","root":"consumere","root_meaning":"to use up, to destroy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consumer","meaning":"purchaser of goods or services","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"consume","meaning":"to use up, devour","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consumere","meaning":"to use up, destroy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consume","consumption","consumable","consumed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"customer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purchaser","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"a3e9b93d-5818-401e-a210-12435b863ee8","word":"consumption","definition":"The action of consuming something, or the amount consumed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consumo","language_family":"latin","root":"consumptio","root_meaning":"a consuming, wasting away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"consumption","meaning":"The action of consuming something, or the amount consumed.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consumptio","meaning":"a consuming, wasting away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consumere","meaning":"to take up completely, devour","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consume","consumer","consumable","consuming","consumptive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"use","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utilization","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expenditure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"d079124c-be54-4555-8ecd-31fb45f898d4","word":"contact","definition":"to communicate or get in touch with someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contacto","language_family":"latin","root":"contactus","root_meaning":"touched, in contact","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contact","meaning":"to reach out and communicate with","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"contact","meaning":"touching, in communication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contact","meaning":"touched, in contact","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contagion","contagious","contiguous","tactile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connect with","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communicate with","formality":"formal"},{"word":"get in touch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"314fa5b5-6c7c-4276-a4b6-161711abf56c","word":"contacts","definition":"Plural of contact; people one knows or points of communication or connection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contacto","language_family":"latin","root":"contactus","root_meaning":"touched together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contacts","meaning":"connections or acquaintances","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"contact","meaning":"point of connection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contactus","meaning":"touched together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contact","contiguous","contingent","contagion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"associates","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acquaintances","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"8009f415-759a-4426-b681-2b4095ef27c3","word":"contagious","definition":"(Of a disease) spread from one person or organism to another by direct or indirect contact.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"contagioso","language_family":"latin","root":"contagiosus","root_meaning":"apt to touch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contagious","meaning":"spreading by contact","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contagious","meaning":"apt to touch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contagio","meaning":"a touching, contact","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tangere","meaning":"to touch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contact","contagion","infectious","tangent","contiguous","epidemic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infectious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transmissible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communicable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"6c7d546f-600c-4eda-9d74-ac21778b24e0","word":"contain","definition":"To have or hold something within, or to keep something under control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contener","language_family":"latin","root":"continere","root_meaning":"to hold together or enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"contain","meaning":"to hold within or enclose","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contain","meaning":"to hold, enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continere","meaning":"to hold together, enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + tenere","meaning":"together + to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["container","containing","contained","containment","contents"],"synonyms":[{"word":"holds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encloses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"includes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprises","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"091012c1-7473-4216-8ef6-2168f04dead5","word":"contained","definition":"Kept or held within limits; controlled or restrained.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contenido","language_family":"latin","root":"continere","root_meaning":"to hold together, enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contained","meaning":"held within, restrained","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"contain","meaning":"to hold within, enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continere","meaning":"to hold together, enclose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contain","container","content","containing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"held","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restrained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enclosed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"cfd1c11d-7244-4b51-8b0e-1fe5874135b7","word":"containing","definition":"holding or having something within or as part of its contents.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contener","language_family":"latin","root":"continere","root_meaning":"to hold together, enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"containing","meaning":"holding or having within","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contain","meaning":"to hold together","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"contenir","meaning":"to hold, restrain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continere","meaning":"to hold together, enclose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contain","container","containment","content"],"synonyms":[{"word":"holding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enclosing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprising","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"3eafeea4-3c63-46b8-8bba-818e73f36412","word":"containment","definition":"The act or state of keeping something within bounds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contener","language_family":"latin","root":"continere","root_meaning":"to hold together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"containment","meaning":"the act or state of keeping something within bounds","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"contain","meaning":"to keep within limits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continēre","meaning":"to hold together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ment","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contain","contained","containing","container","containable","containedness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confinement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restriction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enclosure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"6e7087bd-9bc6-4557-bcc8-fe7db63625c4","word":"contains","definition":"Holds or has something inside; includes within itself.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contiene","language_family":"latin","root":"continere","root_meaning":"to hold together, contain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contains","meaning":"holds or includes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contain","meaning":"to hold, include","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continere","meaning":"to hold together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["container","content","continent","contentment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"holds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"includes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encompasses","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"b31d0eb5-671c-4b6c-921a-bf493b2811ea","word":"contaminate","definition":"To make something impure or unclean by contact or admixture.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contaminar","language_family":"latin","root":"contaminare","root_meaning":"to soil, defile, pollute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contaminate","meaning":"make impure or unclean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contaminare","meaning":"to stain, defile, pollute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contamination","contaminant","contaminated","contaminating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pollute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adulterate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"32e8e5b0-5b7c-49db-af20-b1c1cd3d4c92","word":"contemporary","definition":"Belonging to the same time period; occurring or existing at the same time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"contemporáneo","language_family":"latin","root":"contemporaneus","root_meaning":"of the same time","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"contemporary","meaning":"of the same time period","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contemporaneus","meaning":"of the same time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"temporaneus","meaning":"temporal, of time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contemporary","contemporaneous","contemporaneity","tempo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"simultaneous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"concurrent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coexistent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"e3ff67c5-f765-4e5a-af21-7ffa32d84e10","word":"content","definition":"The substance or material dealt with in a speech, written work, or artistic work; or in the plural, the things contained in a container.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contenido","language_family":"latin","root":"contentus","root_meaning":"contained, enclosed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"content","meaning":"what is contained or dealt with","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"content","meaning":"what is contained","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contentus","meaning":"contained, satisfied","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contents","contented","contentment","contain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"material","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subject matter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"information","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"4c6c0653-a997-4b50-ae92-4fd66f12cda4","word":"contents","definition":"The things that are inside a container or the subject matter of a written work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contenidos","language_family":"latin","root":"contentus","root_meaning":"held together, contained","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contents","meaning":"things inside or subject matter","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"content","meaning":"contained things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contentus","meaning":"held together, satisfied","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["content","container","contained","containing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"material","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"8ab48b0c-f88f-453b-9ab9-764c1cd5287e","word":"context","definition":"The circumstances or setting that surrounds a particular event, word, or idea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contexto","language_family":"latin","root":"contextus","root_meaning":"joined together, woven together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"context","meaning":"surrounding circumstances","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"context","meaning":"a joining together, connection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contexere","meaning":"to weave together, join","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contexts","contextual","contextually","contextualize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"setting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circumstances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"background","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"milieu","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"83177942-9ee3-4bb5-9f2a-c37325a0e003","word":"continent","definition":"Any of the world's main continuous expanses of land (Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"continente","language_family":"latin","root":"continēre","root_meaning":"to hold together, contain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"continent","meaning":"main continuous landmass","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"continent","meaning":"self-restrained (from Latin, influenced form meaning \"continuous\")","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"continens terra","meaning":"\"holding together land\" or \"continuous land\" (from present participle of continēre)","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"continēre","meaning":"to hold together, contain (con- + tenēre)","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"tenēre","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["continental","contain","tenable","abstinent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"landmass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mainland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expanse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"f5092de9-7822-4b37-a69d-89af5965dd71","word":"continental","definition":"Of or relating to a continent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"continental","language_family":"latin","root":"continens","root_meaning":"holding together, continuous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"continental","meaning":"relating to a continent","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"continental","meaning":"of or belonging to a continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continens","meaning":"holding together, continuous","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["continent","continue","contain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mainland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"global","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"worldwide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"ac15a598-4027-4ead-af21-6fb64f5f2bd4","word":"continually","definition":"Without interruption; constantly or repeatedly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"continuamente","language_family":"latin","root":"continuus","root_meaning":"uninterrupted, continuous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"continually","meaning":"without interruption","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"continual","meaning":"continuous","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"continuel","meaning":"continuous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continuus","meaning":"uninterrupted","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["continue","continuous","continuity","continuation","constant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"constantly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repeatedly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persistently","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"a5fcaf66-a494-4521-a287-66f6d04be731","word":"continue","definition":"To persist in an activity or process.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"continuar","language_family":"latin","root":"continuāre","root_meaning":"to make continuous, connect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"continuāre","meaning":"To join together, make continuous.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"continue","meaning":"To carry on, persist.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"continuar","meaning":"To continue.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["continuous","continuation","continuity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proceed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keep going","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"4f29c99d-9018-45fe-908f-c1a47de620b8","word":"continued","definition":"Persisted or remained in existence without interruption.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"continuado","language_family":"latin","root":"continuare","root_meaning":"to join together, make continuous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"continued","meaning":"persisted without interruption","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"continue","meaning":"to remain unbroken, proceed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continuare","meaning":"to join together, make continuous","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["continue","continuity","continuous","continent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persisted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ongoing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"d3de17ba-dac8-48b9-beb2-beb205e27df6","word":"continuing","definition":"Persisting, lasting, or remaining uninterrupted over time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"continuando","language_family":"latin","root":"continuus","root_meaning":"uninterrupted, joined together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"continuing","meaning":"persisting, lasting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"continue","meaning":"to go on, persist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continuus","meaning":"uninterrupted, unbroken","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continere","meaning":"to hold together","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*ten-","meaning":"to stretch, extend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["continue","continuous","continent","content","contain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persisting","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lasting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ongoing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enduring","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"c4b2be67-2828-4a8c-9e42-da08911c6130","word":"continuity","definition":"The unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"continuidad","language_family":"latin","root":"continuus","root_meaning":"uninterrupted, continuous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"continuity","meaning":"Unbroken and consistent existence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"continuité","meaning":"continuousness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continuitas","meaning":"continuousness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continuus","meaning":"uninterrupted, continuous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continere","meaning":"to hold together, contain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenere","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["continuous","continue","continuation","maintain","tenant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consistency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perseverance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"f913cd47-ac88-4833-afea-7485c260b494","word":"continuous","definition":"Forming an unbroken whole; uninterrupted.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"continuo","language_family":"latin","root":"continuus","root_meaning":"uninterrupted, unbroken","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"continuous","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continuus","meaning":"uninterrupted, unbroken","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"continere","meaning":"to hold together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenere","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["continue","continuum","continuation","discontinue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uninterrupted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unbroken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"bdfbadf4-2ef3-4f29-8305-c08cff97ec50","word":"contract","definition":"A formal written agreement between parties with specific terms and conditions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contrato","language_family":"latin","root":"contrahere","root_meaning":"to draw together, make an agreement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contract","meaning":"formal agreement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contract","meaning":"agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contractus","meaning":"drawn together, agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contrahere","meaning":"to draw together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contract (verb)","contraction","contractor","contractual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deal","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"c5cdd191-1b40-4339-89c5-154e186ef214","word":"contraction","definition":"The process of becoming smaller or shorter, or a shortened form of a word or phrase such as 'don't' for 'do not'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contracción","language_family":"latin","root":"contractio","root_meaning":"a drawing together, shrinking","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contraction","meaning":"act of contracting; shortened word form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contractio(n)","meaning":"a drawing together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contrahere","meaning":"to draw together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + trahere","meaning":"together + to draw","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*tragh-","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contract","contractor","contractile","retraction","extraction","traction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shrinkage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abbreviation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condensation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"compression","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"a21a4af2-dde9-4054-a831-6ffd1c07e07c","word":"contractor","definition":"A person or company that undertakes a contract to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contratista","language_family":"latin","root":"contrahere","root_meaning":"to draw together, collect, comprise, enter into a contract","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contractor","meaning":"A person or company that undertakes a contract.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"contract","meaning":"a written or spoken agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contractus","meaning":"drawn together, contracted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contrahere","meaning":"to draw together, enter into a contract","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contract","contraction","subtract","traction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"builder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"developer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entrepreneur","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"cfb0ccd6-6450-4357-a292-a10040e422b9","word":"contrary","definition":"Opposite in nature, direction, or meaning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"contrario","language_family":"latin","root":"contrarius","root_meaning":"opposite, opposed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*contra-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contrary","meaning":"Opposite in nature, direction, or meaning.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"contrarieu","meaning":"opposite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contrarius","meaning":"opposite, opposed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contrast","counter","contradict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opposite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opposed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conflicting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"954fc9df-7282-4663-bb20-c90345733eb3","word":"contrast","definition":"The state of being strikingly different from something else in juxtaposition or close association.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contraste","language_family":"latin","root":"contrastare","root_meaning":"to stand against","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"600s","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contrast","meaning":"The state of being strikingly different from something else in juxtaposition or close association.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"contraster","meaning":"to stand against, resist","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"contrastare","meaning":"to stand against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contra","meaning":"against","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*kom-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contrary","station","stand","constrain","contrastive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juxtaposition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"opposition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"768e4f50-ea8a-4b52-b59c-2f0c2b2b446c","word":"contribute","definition":"To give (something, especially money or time) in order to help achieve or provide something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contribuir","language_family":"latin","root":"contribuere","root_meaning":"to bring together, to unite, to pay in common","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contribute","meaning":"to give for a common purpose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contribuere","meaning":"to bring together, unite, pay in common","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together, with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tribuere","meaning":"to allot, bestow, assign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tribute","attribute","distribute","retribution","tribune","tributary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"donate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"8b8bd7f8-d730-4df2-8262-94bdb2d529a6","word":"contribution","definition":"The act of giving or supplying something to a common fund or purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contribución","language_family":"french","root":"contribuere","root_meaning":"to bring together, combine, add","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*com- + *treb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"contribution","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contribution","meaning":"act of contributing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contribuere","meaning":"to bring together, combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tribuere","meaning":"to assign, give, allot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contribute","contributor","tributary","tribute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"donation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"2307cfff-1603-4eb2-a85c-0563c450cbe5","word":"control","definition":"The power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"control","language_family":"french","root":"contre-rôle","root_meaning":"a duplicate register used to verify","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"contra rotulum","meaning":"Counter-roll, duplicate register.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"contrerolle","meaning":"A duplicate register.","children":[{"era":"1430s","word":"control","meaning":"To exercise authority over.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"control","meaning":"Control, management.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"},"related_words":["controller","self-control","uncontrollable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"command","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authority","formality":"formal"},{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"11661c9c-d9a3-43ad-be2f-988f00050c24","word":"controller","definition":"A person or thing that directs or regulates something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"contrerole","root_meaning":"counter-roll, duplicate register","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"controller","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"countrerolour","meaning":"one who keeps a counter-roll","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"controller","meaning":"controller, auditor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contrerole","meaning":"a duplicate register to verify accounts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contra-","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"rotulus","meaning":"small wheel, roll","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["control","uncontrollable","controlled","controlling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supervisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regulator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"68edad8b-a505-4a3c-9abf-182f9f6ec8c0","word":"controls","definition":"The power to direct or manage something, or devices for operating machinery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"controles","language_family":"french","root":"contre-rolle","root_meaning":"a roll kept to check another roll","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"controls","meaning":"power to manage, operating devices","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"control","meaning":"to regulate, to manage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"controle","meaning":"a check, verification","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contra + rolle","meaning":"counter roll","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin/French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["control","controlled","controller","controlling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"command","formality":"formal"},{"word":"management","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regulation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"f82d1fde-0d9a-4bdb-b477-5af7cb2e9b39","word":"controversial","definition":"Giving rise or likely to give rise to public disagreement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"controvertido","language_family":"latin","root":"controversus","root_meaning":"turned against, disputed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"controversial","meaning":"causing disagreement","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"controversy","meaning":"dispute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"controversia","meaning":"dispute, contention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"controversus","meaning":"turned against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contra","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["controversy","controvert","invert","revert","convert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disputable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contentious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"debatable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"980a04d3-9f1b-494f-863a-effc2a619553","word":"controversy","definition":"A prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"controversia","language_family":"latin","root":"controversia","root_meaning":"a turning against, dispute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"controversy","meaning":"A prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"controversia","meaning":"a turning against, dispute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"controversus","meaning":"turned against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contra","meaning":"against","language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contra","invert","convert","verse","aversion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dispute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"debate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contention","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"be278d55-2d20-457f-aa8d-0f294fe61513","word":"convenient","definition":"Fitting in well with a person's needs, activities, and plans.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"conveniente","language_family":"latin","root":"convenire","root_meaning":"to come together, assemble, agree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *gʷenh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convenient","meaning":"suitable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"convenient","meaning":"suitable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convenientem","meaning":"suitable, agreeing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convenire","meaning":"to come together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convene","convention","covenant","circumvent","intervene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opportune","formality":"formal"},{"word":"advantageous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"a648042a-1cb1-441c-a817-937873f538c0","word":"convent","definition":"A community of nuns living under religious vows, or the building they inhabit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"convento","language_family":"latin","root":"convenire","root_meaning":"to come together, agree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom-gʷeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convent","meaning":"community of nuns or their building","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"convent","meaning":"assembly, religious house","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conventus","meaning":"assembly, meeting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convenire","meaning":"to come together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convention","convene","convenient","conventicle","assembly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monastery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nunnery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cloister","formality":"literary"},{"word":"abbey","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"5c55b829-145d-4a84-b3ef-ab212824071a","word":"convention","definition":"a large meeting or assembly, or a traditional way of doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"convención","language_family":"latin","root":"convenire","root_meaning":"to come together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convention","meaning":"meeting or traditional practice","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"convention","meaning":"an agreement or assembly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conventio","meaning":"a coming together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convenire","meaning":"to come together, assemble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + venire","meaning":"together + to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conventional","conventionality","convenor","convene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conference","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tradition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"edc3595c-3e88-49a3-a1eb-73e74cdfbb14","word":"conventional","definition":"Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"convencional","language_family":"latin","root":"conventio","root_meaning":"agreement, assembly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conventional","meaning":"based on convention","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"convention","meaning":"meeting, agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conventio","meaning":"a coming together, agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convenire","meaning":"to come together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"venire","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convention","convene","convenient","covenant","invent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traditional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orthodox","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"54a34dbf-521f-460c-af4b-5165df87ba57","word":"convergence","definition":"The process or state of converging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"convergencia","language_family":"latin","root":"convergere","root_meaning":"to incline together, turn together","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convergence","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"converge","meaning":"to incline together, tend to meet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"convergere","meaning":"to incline together, turn together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together, with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vergere","meaning":"to incline, bend, turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ence","meaning":"action, state, quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-entia","meaning":"quality, state","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["converge","divergent","verge","convergent","merging","confluence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"junction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"union","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"c5979f80-dd0b-4994-a814-9bb31cee09c9","word":"conversation","definition":"A talk between two or more people in which thoughts, feelings, and ideas are exchanged.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conversación","language_family":"latin","root":"conversari","root_meaning":"to turn around, turn about with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conversation","meaning":"A talk between two or more people","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"conversation","meaning":"to associate with, interact with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conversatio","meaning":"frequenting a place, way of life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conversari","meaning":"to turn around, turn about with, associate with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"versare","meaning":"to turn frequently","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*uert-","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["converse","convert","diversion","version"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discussion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialogue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"f9f99812-1791-476a-9f47-849764e54f9d","word":"conversion","definition":"The process of changing or causing something to change from one form or system to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conversión","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin conversio","root_meaning":"turning around, change","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conversion","meaning":"process of changing or transforming","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"conversion","meaning":"turning around, religious conversion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conversio","meaning":"a turning around, change","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convertere","meaning":"to turn around","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convert","convertible","converter","reconversion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transformation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alteration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"d65b32be-96d6-488d-928b-44fec1412733","word":"convert","definition":"To change the form, character, or function of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"convertir","language_family":"latin","root":"convertere","root_meaning":"to turn around, transform","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convert","meaning":"To change the form, character, or function of something.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convertere","meaning":"to turn around, transform","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conversion","converter","invert","pervert","revert","divert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"e1653557-33fc-42c3-948b-aa243690517e","word":"converter","definition":"A device that changes the form of something, especially energy or data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"convertidor","language_family":"latin","root":"convertere","root_meaning":"to turn around, transform","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"converter","meaning":"A device that changes the form of something.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"convert","meaning":"to turn, change","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convertere","meaning":"to turn around, change","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together, with","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conversion","invertible","avert","versatile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transformer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"adapter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"modulator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"b13839b4-454c-44a2-b722-8bbfbc15cdda","word":"convertible","definition":"Capable of being converted; a car with a roof that can be folded or removed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"convertible","language_family":"latin","root":"convertere","root_meaning":"to turn around, transform","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convertible","meaning":"capable of being converted","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"convert","meaning":"to turn to another purpose","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"convertir","meaning":"to turn back, convert","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convertere","meaning":"to turn around, transform","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convert","conversion","invert","revert","divert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adaptable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transformable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flexible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"f30f5ad5-d23e-41f1-8127-b1e283e9eec3","word":"convict","definition":"To declare someone to be guilty of a criminal offense by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"convicto","language_family":"latin","root":"convictus","root_meaning":"overcome, refuted, proved guilty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convict","meaning":"prove guilty","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"convicten","meaning":"to refute, to prove wrong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convictus","meaning":"past participle of convincere (to overcome, refute, prove guilty)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer, overcome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conviction","victor","vanquish","province"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condemn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"find guilty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sentence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"00486ea8-49fc-4b63-bdb6-5577126ef2e8","word":"conviction","definition":"A firmly held belief or opinion, or the formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"convicción","language_family":"latin","root":"convincere","root_meaning":"to overcome, prove, convince","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"conviction","meaning":"A firm belief or guilty verdict.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"conviction","meaning":"conviction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convictio","meaning":"a convincing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convincere","meaning":"to overcome, prove, convince","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convince","convict","victor","victory","vanquish","evict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sentence","formality":"technical"},{"word":"persuasion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"831b6502-243d-4e77-b83d-15ff9453c660","word":"convince","definition":"To cause (someone) to believe firmly in the truth of something; to persuade.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"convencer","language_family":"latin","root":"vincere","root_meaning":"to conquer, overcome","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convince","meaning":"to persuade to believe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convincere","meaning":"to conquer, to overcome thoroughly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"with, thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer, overcome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vanquish","victor","invincible","conviction","evince","victory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persuade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satisfy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"063c81c0-be3a-4df8-b9d4-d06d1a847aca","word":"convoy","definition":"A group of vehicles or ships traveling together, typically accompanied by armed troops, warships, or other vehicles for protection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"convoy","language_family":"french","root":"convoyer","root_meaning":"to accompany, escort","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"convoy","meaning":"A group of vehicles or ships traveling together","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"convoy","meaning":"escort, accompanying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"convoyer","meaning":"to accompany, escort, lead the way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"via","meaning":"way, road","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["escort","accompany","guard","fleet","caravan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"escort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caravan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"train","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procession","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"efa6e4e6-d325-4691-b3b3-8dc5cbeeccd4","word":"coo","definition":"To make the soft murmuring sound of a dove or pigeon.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coo","meaning":"to make the soft sound of a dove or pigeon","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cooing","cooed","cooer","cooingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"croon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murmur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warble","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"adf8be26-ad99-471c-8015-ec6236141e10","word":"cook","definition":"To prepare food for eating by heating it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cocinar","language_family":"latin","root":"coquere","root_meaning":"to cook","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cook","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cocan","meaning":"to cook","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coquere","meaning":"to cook","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kitchen","cuisine","biscuit","concoct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prepare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"533cac4f-6947-472e-8076-cc35c0e1f4a6","word":"cookbook","definition":"A book containing recipes and instructions for preparing food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cook, boc","root_meaning":"a cook, a book","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pekʷ-, *bhag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cookbook","meaning":"A book containing recipes and instructions for preparing food.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"cook","meaning":"a cook","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"coc","meaning":"a cook","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coquus","meaning":"cook","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*pekʷ-","meaning":"to cook, ripen","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"book","meaning":"book","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*bōks","meaning":"book","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*bhag-","meaning":"to divide, to distribute","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kitchen","biscuit","cookery","bookmark","booklet","booking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recipe book","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"culinary guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cookery book","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grub guide","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"02ac799c-1ec0-45cf-a8de-a0e7bc94fe82","word":"cookie","definition":"A small, flat, sweet baked food, typically round and made from flour, sugar, and fat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"koekje","root_meaning":"little cake","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cookie","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"koekje","meaning":"little cake","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"koek","meaning":"cake","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kōkōn","meaning":"cake","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cake","cook","kitchen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biscuit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wafer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"b3b5d3e6-dda9-4d96-a8ee-c91b0f63998b","word":"cool","definition":"Having a low temperature or a calm, composed demeanor.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English col","root_meaning":"cold, cool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cool","meaning":"low temperature; composed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"col","meaning":"cold, cool","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*gel-","meaning":"to freeze, congeal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cool-headed","cooler","coolant","coolness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"711c7df2-2c49-429f-8e4b-afdcf99448b4","word":"coop","definition":"A cage or pen for poultry; also, a confined or narrow space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kupe","root_meaning":"tub, vat, basket","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kewp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coop","meaning":"cage or pen","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"cope","meaning":"basket, cage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kupe","meaning":"tub, vat","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kaupaz","meaning":"container","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cup","cooper","keep","kip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enclosure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hutch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"e716f55d-905d-481d-8ed3-390a60c86a98","word":"cooper","definition":"A person whose trade is making and repairing wooden barrels and casks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cūpere","root_meaning":"cooper","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cooper","meaning":"A person whose trade is making and repairing wooden barrels and casks.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"couper","meaning":"barrel maker","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cūpere","meaning":"cooper","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["barrel","cask","vat","hooper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"barrel maker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cask maker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"ddadd191-cd34-4bfe-a903-c6a82e93bddf","word":"cooperate","definition":"To act jointly with others; work together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cooperar","language_family":"latin","root":"operari","root_meaning":"to work","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cooperate","meaning":"To act jointly with others; work together.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cooperatus","meaning":"worked together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"co-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"operari","meaning":"to work","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*op-","meaning":"to work, to produce","children":[],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (past participle of cooperari)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cooperation","operative","opera","operate","co-opt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collaborate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work together","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"a4becafe-f407-4b13-b806-034e0e902fe0","word":"cooperation","definition":"The process of working together to achieve a common goal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cooperación","language_family":"latin","root":"cooperari","root_meaning":"to work together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cooperation","meaning":"working together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cooperatio","meaning":"working together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cooperari","meaning":"to work together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"operari","meaning":"to work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opus","meaning":"work","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*op-","meaning":"to work, produce in abundance","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cooperate","operative","operation","opus","collaborate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collaboration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"teamwork","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"6ee19885-33ac-4dfc-b25d-d7b40cfe2938","word":"cooperative","definition":"Involving cooperation; working together toward a common goal.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cooperativo","language_family":"latin","root":"cooperari","root_meaning":"to work together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cooperative","meaning":"Working together","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cooperate","meaning":"to work together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cooperari","meaning":"to work together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["operate","operation","opus","co-operate","operator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collaborative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"united","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"59a69e4b-192b-42c2-8138-80e13a55d311","word":"coordinate","definition":"To bring different elements into a harmonious or efficient relationship.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"coordinar","language_family":"latin","root":"co- + ordinare","root_meaning":"together + to arrange","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom- + *ord-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coordinate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coordinatus","meaning":"arranged together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"co-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ordinare","meaning":"to arrange","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","subordinate","inordinate","ordination","coordination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"synchronize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"integrate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"6793e24b-1bec-46d2-b22e-c295b6f4482b","word":"coordination","definition":"The organization of different elements of a complex body or activity so as to enable them to work together effectively.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coordinación","language_family":"latin","root":"ordinare","root_meaning":"to arrange, order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coordination","meaning":"The action of coordinating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coordinare","meaning":"to arrange together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cum","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ordinare","meaning":"to arrange, order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordo","meaning":"order, rank","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coordinate","order","ordinary","subordinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harmony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"28dbdcd8-b1de-4ec0-b00e-d37ddfad1571","word":"coordinator","definition":"A person whose job is to organize different people or groups and make them work together effectively.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coordinador","language_family":"latin","root":"co- + ordinare","root_meaning":"to arrange together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coordinator","meaning":"person who coordinates","children":[{"era":"18th C","word":"coordinate","meaning":"to arrange, to bring together","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"co- (prefix)","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"ordinatus (past participle of ordinare)","meaning":"arranged, ordered","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"ordo","meaning":"order, rank","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","ordinal","ordinate","coordinated","inordinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organizer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facilitator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"19cc5ee5-9cc1-4ecb-9a49-8a7fe19bca4c","word":"cop","definition":"To catch or seize, especially in an illegal or informal context (verb); also an informal term for a police officer (noun).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"caper","root_meaning":"to take, seize","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cop","meaning":"to catch or seize","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"coppe","meaning":"to catch, seize","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"caper","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capture","capable","accept","precept","deceive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grab","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"6ee20348-f7d3-4c45-b221-c4a7329cfef8","word":"cope","definition":"To deal effectively with something difficult.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"golpe","language_family":"latin","root":"colpus","root_meaning":"a blow, strike","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cope","meaning":"To deal effectively with something difficult.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coper","meaning":"to cut, strike, meet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"colpare","meaning":"to strike","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colpus","meaning":"a blow","language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coup","coupon","recoil","collide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"ea8d58c2-d74c-4e27-ba00-65228092d028","word":"copies","definition":"Plural of copy; multiple reproductions or duplicates of an original.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"copias","language_family":"latin","root":"copia","root_meaning":"abundance, plenty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"copies","meaning":"multiple reproductions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"copy","meaning":"a reproduction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"copie","meaning":"abundance, transcript","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"copia","meaning":"abundance, plenty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["copy","copyist","copyright","copying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"duplicates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproductions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clones","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}
{"id":"3234e45b-dd82-46a9-a555-78009f63b249","word":"copper","definition":"A reddish-brown metallic element.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cobre","language_family":"latin","root":"cuprum","root_meaning":"copper (from Cyprus)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"copper","meaning":"A reddish-brown metallic element","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"coper","meaning":"copper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cuprum","meaning":"copper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coppery","coppersmith","cupric","cuprous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bronze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"16627e76-f683-42bb-a38f-a6ad4f4f7b04","word":"copy","definition":"An imitation or reproduction of an original; or one of multiple prints or editions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"copia","language_family":"latin","root":"copia","root_meaning":"plenty, abundance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"copy","meaning":"a reproduction or imitation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"copie","meaning":"reproduction, transcript","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"copia","meaning":"plenty, abundance, or a copy or reproduction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"co-","meaning":"together with","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["copier","copycat","copyist","copula"],"synonyms":[{"word":"duplicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"replica","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reproduction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"imitation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"7a720017-5bd0-43de-a74a-7bc6da2a1513","word":"copyright","definition":"The exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, and distribute a creative work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"copy","root_meaning":"a reproduction of an original","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1970s","word":"copyright","meaning":"exclusive legal right to creative work","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"copy","meaning":"reproduction","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"copie","meaning":"abundance, transcript","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["copy","copyist","copyrighted","copyrighter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intellectual property right","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publishing right","formality":"technical"},{"word":"reproduction right","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"f4a1f8c5-82b9-4154-ac24-49f80d798506","word":"cor","definition":"Cor is a learned word for \"heart\" in Latin-derived contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corazón","language_family":"latin","root":"cor, cordis","root_meaning":"heart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱḗr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cor","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cor","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ḱḗr","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cord","cordial","concord","courage","core"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"44abad58-df1e-416d-a9c2-9e3315e34c46","word":"cord","definition":"A length of string, rope, or wire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuerda","language_family":"greek","root":"khordē","root_meaning":"gut, string","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cord","meaning":"A length of string, rope, or wire.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"corde","meaning":"string, rope","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chorda","meaning":"string of a musical instrument, gut","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khordē","meaning":"gut, string","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chord","cordon","accordion","string"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"string","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"d4d9553d-a69c-4fd8-b6ff-eed2e5a91850","word":"core","definition":"The central or most important part of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corazón","language_family":"latin","root":"cor","root_meaning":"heart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"core","meaning":"central part","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"core","meaning":"center of fruit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cor","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*kerd-","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cordial","cardiac","courage","discord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nucleus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"c684fec5-088c-4de8-bc3f-01c90b3d6d6b","word":"cork","definition":"The buoyant, impermeable outer bark of the cork oak, used for stoppers and insulation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corcho","language_family":"latin","root":"cortex","root_meaning":"bark","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"cork","meaning":"bark, stopper","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"corc","meaning":"cork","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cortex","meaning":"bark","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["cortical","decorticate","corkscrew","corking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stopper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"e6e5df89-04cd-435d-8237-1659bdf763f0","word":"corn","definition":"A cereal plant, especially the predominant cereal crop of a region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*kornam","root_meaning":"grain","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gr̥n-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corn","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"corn","meaning":"grain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kornam","meaning":"grain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kernel","grain","granule","corny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cereal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maize","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"ac23b59e-a9bc-4681-8973-d6b91aaf4158","word":"corner","definition":"The place where two surfaces, lines, or streets meet at an angle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rincón","language_family":"french","root":"cornu","root_meaning":"horn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corner","meaning":"angle or intersection point","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"corner","meaning":"angle or projecting part","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cornere","meaning":"angle, projection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cornu","meaning":"horn, pointed projection","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corn","cornerstone","cornucopia","horned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"angle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intersection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nook","formality":"informal"},{"word":"alcove","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"3533c602-458a-4d4a-b39b-b60b5a8d4c9c","word":"corny","definition":"Corny means trite, old-fashioned, or overly sentimental.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *kurnam","root_meaning":"grain, seed","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corny","meaning":"trite, old-fashioned, or overly sentimental","children":[{"era":"late 14th century / 1930s","word":"corn + -y","meaning":"formed from corn plus the adjectival suffix -y","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"corn","meaning":"grain, seed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *kurnam","meaning":"grain, seed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corn","corniness","cornily","cornball","corn-fed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cheesy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hokey","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hackneyed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mawkish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"05ab42a9-95eb-453e-af34-9cbfc85d3ddd","word":"coronation","definition":"The ceremony of placing a crown on a sovereign’s head and officially investing them with royal authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coronación","language_family":"latin","root":"corōna","root_meaning":"garland, crown","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coronation","meaning":"the ceremonial crowning of a sovereign","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coronation","meaning":"crowning of a sovereign or saint","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coronacion","meaning":"crowning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corōnātiō","meaning":"a crowning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corōna","meaning":"garland; crown","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crown","corona","coronet","coronal","coronate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crowning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enthronement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"installation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"a5041e88-7e8c-4eff-85b9-b07d7c8323fd","word":"corporal","definition":"Relating to the human body.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"corporal","language_family":"latin","root":"corpus","root_meaning":"body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corporal","meaning":"relating to the human body","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"corporal","meaning":"of the body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corporalis","meaning":"of the body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corpus","meaning":"body","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corporeal","corporate","corpse","corporation","incorporate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bodily","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"physical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fleshly","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"4976afb6-2038-4630-809d-e0f9264b903f","word":"corporate","definition":"Relating to a corporation or large business organization, or shared by all members of a group.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"corporativo","language_family":"latin","root":"corpus","root_meaning":"body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwrep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corporate","meaning":"relating to a corporation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corporat-","meaning":"formed into a body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corpus","meaning":"body","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corporation","corporeal","corpse","incorporate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organizational","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commercial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"2a922eeb-9576-4f06-bb17-0f687018ac61","word":"corporation","definition":"A large company or group of companies authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corporación","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin corporatio","root_meaning":"a body, embodying","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwer- (body)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Corporation","meaning":"large business entity","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"corporation","meaning":"body of persons","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corporatio","meaning":"a body, embodying","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corporate","corps","corpus","corpse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"349dbb2c-f6de-4a42-9ba4-eb8efffb2ebb","word":"corpse","definition":"A dead body, especially of a human being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuerpo","language_family":"latin","root":"corpus","root_meaning":"body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwrep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corpse","meaning":"dead body","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cors","meaning":"body","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"classical","word":"corpus","meaning":"body","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corps","corpus","corporeal","incorporate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cadaver","formality":"technical"},{"word":"remains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"body","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"23a6fb2b-101e-42cd-9af6-789e0cdfa2c3","word":"corpus","definition":"A collection of written texts, especially the entire works of a particular author or a body of writings on a particular subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corpus","language_family":"latin","root":"corpus","root_meaning":"body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwrep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corpus","meaning":"A collection of written texts, especially the entire works of a particular author or a body of writings on a particular subject.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corpus","meaning":"body","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corporation","corporeal","corpse","incorporate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"body of work","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compendium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"be4c6442-67f7-4454-9d85-dc63ce5a1db0","word":"correct","definition":"Free from error; accurate or in accordance with fact or standards.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"correcto","language_family":"latin","root":"corrigere","root_meaning":"to make straight, to restore","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"correct","meaning":"accurate, free from error","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"correct","meaning":"accurate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corrigere","meaning":"to make straight, to restore","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["correction","correctly","incorrectly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accurate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"right","formality":"informal"},{"word":"exact","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"ced78602-849a-4ed3-b4bb-56a48d12d6b4","word":"correction","definition":"The act or instance of correcting something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corrección","language_family":"latin","root":"correctio","root_meaning":"a setting right, an amending","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"correction","meaning":"act of correcting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"correctio","meaning":"a setting right","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corrigere","meaning":"to make straight, to set right","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["correct","rectify","accurate","corrigendum","direct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amendment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rectification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remedy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"f833dc68-28a9-44cb-a521-3a838c26c925","word":"correlation","definition":"A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"correlación","language_family":"latin","root":"relatio","root_meaning":"a bringing back, a reporting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"correlation","meaning":"mutual relationship","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"correlate","meaning":"to relate with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"relātus","meaning":"brought back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"to carry back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["correlate","relative","relate","relation","interrelate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"correspondence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interrelationship","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"02d860de-d2fc-4b2c-8e0f-5956eefebe3d","word":"correspond","definition":"To have a close similarity; match or agree almost exactly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"corresponder","language_family":"latin","root":"respondere","root_meaning":"to answer, to reply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"correspond","meaning":"to match or agree","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"correspondre","meaning":"to agree with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"co-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"respondere","meaning":"to answer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["correspondence","respondent","responsive","mutual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"match","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agree","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"ee4b002e-33d3-4186-a151-707a47b4a9af","word":"correspondence","definition":"Communication by exchanging letters or emails.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"correspondencia","language_family":"latin","root":"correspondence","root_meaning":"agreement, conformity","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"correspondence","meaning":"Communication by exchanging letters or emails.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"correspondence","meaning":"agreement, conformity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"correspondere","meaning":"to agree with, respond to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["correspond","correspondent","respond","response"],"synonyms":[{"word":"communication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"letters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exchange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"f9d3e7f0-bce7-48c5-bf84-75500ba0cab2","word":"correspondent","definition":"A person who regularly communicates with another or reports news from a place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"correspondiente","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin correspondēre","root_meaning":"to answer in return; to match","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"correspondent","meaning":"a person who communicates regularly or reports news from a location","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French correspondant","meaning":"corresponding, matching","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin correspondentem","meaning":"answering in return, matching","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin correspondēre","meaning":"to answer in return; to match","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["correspond","correspondence","corresponding","correspondingly","correspondential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"journalist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"messenger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"372690ce-7571-4254-bca9-0d971d7c6883","word":"corridor","definition":"A long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corredor","language_family":"latin","root":"currere","root_meaning":"to run","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corridor","meaning":"A long passage in a building","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"corridor","meaning":"passage","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"corridore","meaning":"runner, passage","children":[{"era":"Renaissance","word":"correre","meaning":"to run","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currere","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["current","course","cursive","courier","run","cursor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hallway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gallery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aisle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"a54dc604-8c96-4d5b-a611-9d7956a544ea","word":"corrupt","definition":"To cause someone or something to become morally depraved; characterized by dishonesty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"corrupto","language_family":"latin","root":"corruptus","root_meaning":"spoiled, bribed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*rup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corrupt","meaning":"morally depraved, dishonest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corruptus","meaning":"spoiled, bribed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corrumpere","meaning":"to spoil, destroy, bribe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corruption","incorruptible","disrupt","erupt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dishonest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"venal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tainted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depraved","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"ba51d695-12c9-403a-983b-d02944514ed7","word":"corruption","definition":"Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corrupción","language_family":"latin","root":"corruptio","root_meaning":"a spoiling, bribing, seducing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*rup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"corruption","meaning":"dishonest or fraudulent conduct","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"corruption","meaning":"corruption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corruptio","meaning":"a spoiling, bribing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"corrumpere","meaning":"to destroy, spoil, bribe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rup-","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corrupt","rupture","interrupt","disrupt","abrupt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bribery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fraud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"venality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dishonesty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"e81c0dd2-a18c-451f-ada2-e9c66316c55c","word":"cortex","definition":"The outer layer of an organ, tissue, or body structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"córtex","language_family":"latin","root":"*sker-","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":"prehistory","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cortex","meaning":"the outer layer of an organ, tissue, or body structure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cortex","meaning":"bark; cork; outer covering","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*(s)ker-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cortical","corticosteroid","corticectomy","subcortex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outer layer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cortical layer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rind","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"a0df0030-fd81-48ec-96d1-75af78daf300","word":"cos","definition":"A variety of lettuce with long crisp leaves, also used as an informal conjunction meaning 'because'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Kos","root_meaning":"island of Cos in the Aegean Sea, where this lettuce variety originated","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cos","meaning":"romaine lettuce","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cos","meaning":"lettuce from the island of Cos","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Κῶς (Kōs)","meaning":"Aegean island name","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["romaine","cos lettuce","Lactuca","letuce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"romaine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"romaine lettuce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Lactuca sativa","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"130dc3bb-08af-4ad4-8746-a2b42a10260f","word":"cosmetic","definition":"Relating to or designed to enhance beauty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cosmético","language_family":"greek","root":"κοσμητικός (kosmētikos)","root_meaning":"skilled in adornment","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cosmetic","meaning":"enhancing beauty","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cosmetic","meaning":"enhancing beauty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kosmētikos (κοσμητικός)","meaning":"skilled in adornment, ordering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kosmēin (κοσμείν)","meaning":"to arrange, adorn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kosmos (κόσμος)","meaning":"order, ornament, world","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cosmos","cosmology","cosmetology","microcosm","cosmic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beautifying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adornment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decorative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"24f90f16-9c82-4007-b591-0116c119bad6","word":"cosmic","definition":"Relating to the cosmos, especially as distinct from the Earth alone.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cósmico","language_family":"greek","root":"kosmos","root_meaning":"order, good order, world, universe","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cosmic","meaning":"relating to the cosmos","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"cosmique","meaning":"cosmic","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"cosmicus","meaning":"of the world","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kosmos","meaning":"order, world, universe","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cosmos","cosmology","cosmonaut","microcosm","cosmetology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"universal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"galactic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"astral","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"1c7933f7-b6b5-4fdb-b622-a36306261278","word":"cosmos","definition":"The universe seen as a well-ordered whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cosmos","language_family":"greek","root":"kosmos","root_meaning":"order, ornament, world","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~600 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 BC","word":"kósmos (κόσμος)","meaning":"Order, the world, adornment. Applied to the universe by Pythagoras.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cosmos","meaning":"The universe as an ordered system.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"cosmos","meaning":"Cosmos, the universe.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["cosmic","cosmology","cosmopolitan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"universe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"macrocosm","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2e16699d-39ae-4ec9-819c-e987c9ca15b3","word":"cost","definition":"The amount paid or required in payment; to require the payment of","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"costo","language_family":"latin","root":"constare","root_meaning":"to stand firm, be fixed in price","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"cost","meaning":"price; to have a price of","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"coust","meaning":"cost, price","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constare","meaning":"to stand firm, cost","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["costly","costing","low-cost","cost-effective","overcost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expense","formality":"formal"},{"word":"price","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:18:43.534Z"}
{"id":"5b187943-248a-47f7-b2eb-fd2469546189","word":"costly","definition":"Expensive or involving a high cost.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"costoso","language_family":"latin","root":"constare","root_meaning":"to stand firm; to cost, stand at a price","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"costly","meaning":"Expensive or involving a high cost.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cost","meaning":"price, expense","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coste / coster","meaning":"cost, to cost","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constare","meaning":"to stand firm; to cost, stand at a fixed price","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb/adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cost","costs","costing","costliness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pricey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"7df9423b-77ea-4379-8850-52edfdcb3410","word":"costs","definition":"The price paid or required to purchase, obtain, or maintain something; plural of cost.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"costos","language_family":"latin","root":"costare","root_meaning":"to stand at, to amount to","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"costs","meaning":"plural of price or expense","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cost","meaning":"price, expense","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"costare","meaning":"to stand at a price, cost","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"constare","meaning":"to stand together, amount to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cost","costly","costing","cost-effective"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expenses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charges","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"0510673f-061e-4626-b23d-7583263a5d44","word":"cotton","definition":"A soft white fibrous substance that surrounds the seeds of a tropical and subtropical plant and is used as a textile fiber and for stuffing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"algodón","language_family":"other","root":"quṭn","root_meaning":"cotton","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cotton","meaning":"A soft white fibrous substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coton","meaning":"cotton","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"quṭn","meaning":"cotton","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["calico","muslin","felt","linen","textile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fiber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabric","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"543811bf-83a2-4aed-9d29-09b1dd3e71e6","word":"couch","definition":"An upholstered piece of furniture for seating more than one person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"coucher","root_meaning":"to lie down","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kolk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"couch","meaning":"a long upholstered seat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"couche","meaning":"bed, lair","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"couchier","meaning":"to lie down, to put to bed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"collocare","meaning":"to place, to arrange","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["couchant","couche","collocation","lodge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sofa","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"7dbd747a-258e-4ce6-a1b2-b6ca00869689","word":"cougar","definition":"A large wild cat (Puma concolor) native to the Americas, also called mountain lion or puma.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"susuarana","root_meaning":"resembling a deer; false deer","root_language":"Tupi","root_era":"pre-colonial","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"cougar","meaning":"large American wild cat","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"couguar","meaning":"large American wild cat","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"çuçuarana","meaning":"large spotted cat","children":[{"era":"pre-colonial","word":"susuarana","meaning":"false deer / resembling a deer","children":[{"era":"pre-colonial","word":"susu","meaning":"deer","children":[],"language":"Tupi"},{"era":"pre-colonial","word":"rana","meaning":"resembling, false","children":[],"language":"Tupi"}],"language":"Tupi"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["puma","catamount","painter","panther","mountain lion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puma","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mountain lion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panther","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catamount","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"7c7fdefd-2d4d-4886-8f28-4c9146220178","word":"cough","definition":"To expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cohhian","root_meaning":"to cough","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kuh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cough","meaning":"To expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"coughen","meaning":"to cough","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cohhian","meaning":"to cough (imitative)","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kuh-","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hack","hoarse","sniff"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clear throat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"cf726902-b711-42f1-9b6f-144db57beed2","word":"could","definition":"Past tense of can; expressing ability or possibility in the past.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cunnan","root_meaning":"to know, be able","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gn̩-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"could","meaning":"was able to, might have","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coude","meaning":"could, was able","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cunnan","meaning":"to know, be able, can","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["can","could","couldn't"],"synonyms":[{"word":"was able to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"might have","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"was capable of","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"055d0084-b425-4f26-8e62-2c0f0f01ab7f","word":"council","definition":"An advisory or legislative body of people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consejo","language_family":"french","root":"concile","root_meaning":"assembly, meeting","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"concilium","meaning":"Assembly, meeting, union.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"concile","meaning":"Assembly, meeting, council.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"council","meaning":"A governing or advisory body.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"consejo","meaning":"Council, advice.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["councillor","counsel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assembly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"board","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"3d92a6a0-1b36-4de7-8e93-8bef2af97a14","word":"councillor","definition":"A member of a council, especially a person elected to serve on a local government body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"concejal","language_family":"latin","root":"concilium","root_meaning":"assembly, council","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kelh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"councillor","meaning":"member of a council","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"councillour","meaning":"council member","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"conciliaire","meaning":"council member","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concilium","meaning":"assembly, council","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"con- + calare","meaning":"together + to call","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kelh₁-","meaning":"to call, shout","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["council","counsel","councillorship","councilman","conciliate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alderman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delegate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"selectman","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"d7025359-1318-4fb7-917a-a9dd31509a3f","word":"councilman","definition":"A male member of a council, especially a city or town council.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"concilium","root_meaning":"assembly, meeting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"councilman","meaning":"a male member of a council","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"council","meaning":"an assembly or advisory body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"concilium","meaning":"assembly, meeting","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"adult male person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"person, human being","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["council","councilwoman","councilor","councillor","councilmember"],"synonyms":[{"word":"councilmember","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"councilor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"councillor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"2cadc815-b037-41ef-8373-5cb82819f579","word":"counsel","definition":"Advice, especially that given formally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consejo","language_family":"latin","root":"consilium","root_meaning":"deliberation, advice, plan","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"counsel","meaning":"Advice","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"conseil","meaning":"advice, counsel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consilium","meaning":"deliberation, advice, plan","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sel-","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["council","consultant","conciliatory","consult"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommendation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"14d14f25-4105-42aa-b71b-33a995e11b44","word":"counsellor","definition":"A counsellor is a person who gives advice or guidance, especially in a professional context.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consejero","language_family":"latin","root":"consilium","root_meaning":"advice; consultation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"counsellor","meaning":"a person who gives advice or guidance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"counsel","meaning":"advice or guidance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"conseil","meaning":"advice; consultation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consilium","meaning":"advice; consultation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["counsel","counseling","counselor","consult","consultant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adviser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consultant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"db533bf5-d5a7-47ee-802d-754f47053c5c","word":"counselor","definition":"A person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"consejero","language_family":"french","root":"conseillier","root_meaning":"to advise","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"counselor","meaning":"A person trained to give guidance.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"counseilor","meaning":"advisor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"conseillier","meaning":"to advise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consilium","meaning":"advice, plan","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["counsel","consult","consultation","consigliere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"therapist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"cc4b6506-ae37-48a8-b440-13d9e30fdb62","word":"count","definition":"To determine the total number of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"contar","language_family":"french","root":"conter","root_meaning":"to enumerate, tell","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"computāre","meaning":"To reckon, sum up, from com + putāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"conter","meaning":"To enumerate, tell, narrate.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"count","meaning":"To enumerate, calculate.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"contar","meaning":"To count, tell.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["counter","account","recount"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enumerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tally","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"1ebe6c65-43c4-469f-9a40-c8633c65fd8e","word":"countdown","definition":"The act of counting backwards to zero, typically before the launch of a rocket or the start of an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"count + down","root_meaning":"to enumerate + to a lower position","root_language":"English","root_era":"1930s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"countdown","meaning":"counting backwards to zero","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"count","meaning":"to enumerate","children":[],"language":"Old French (conter) -> Latin (computare)"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"downwards","children":[],"language":"Old English (dūne)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["count","counting","down","downtime","blastoff"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reversal count","formality":"technical"},{"word":"preparation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"8adda446-cf0c-4aa7-8e8a-d87029e4ce45","word":"counter","definition":"A surface for conducting transactions or a person who opposes something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"contador","language_family":"latin","root":"contra","root_meaning":"against","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"counter","meaning":"surface or one who opposes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"counter","meaning":"table for business transactions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"compter","meaning":"to count, account","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contra","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["counteract","counterpart","countertop","countless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oppose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thwart","formality":"formal"},{"word":"desk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"89566056-7078-4d3b-ab32-777e616ce8fd","word":"counterfeit","definition":"Made to imitate something genuine in order to deceive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"contrahecho","language_family":"french","root":"facere","root_meaning":"to do; make","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"counterfeit","meaning":"false; made in imitation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"countrefet","meaning":"counterfeit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contrefait","meaning":"countermade; counterfeit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"contra-","meaning":"against; opposite","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to do; make","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to put; do; make","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["counterfeiter","counterfeiting","counterfeited","counterfeitable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fake","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bogus","formality":"informal"},{"word":"spurious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"66c398a9-776f-4c4b-a241-ef6cb270b9f9","word":"countess","definition":"The wife or widow of an earl or count, or a woman holding an earldom or countship in her own right.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condesa","language_family":"french","root":"comitissa","root_meaning":"companion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"countess","meaning":"The wife or widow of an earl or count, or a woman holding an earldom or countship in her own right.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"countess","meaning":"wife of a count","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"comtesse","meaning":"countess","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comes","meaning":"companion, attendant","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-esse","meaning":"feminine suffix","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["count","county","vicomte","comital","concomitant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noblewoman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duchess","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"83e01972-ea0e-4cdd-ba4d-ef997a98d050","word":"countries","definition":"Distinct territories with their own governments and laws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"países","language_family":"latin","root":"contrata","root_meaning":"lands lying opposite","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"countries","meaning":"sovereign territories","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"country","meaning":"a region or territory","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"contrata","meaning":"lands lying opposite","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["country","countryside","countrymen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"states","formality":"formal"},{"word":"territories","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"8f7bbd8b-e7cb-43fc-ad65-364ac05542e9","word":"country","definition":"A nation with its own government; the rural areas outside cities","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condado","language_family":"latin","root":"contrata","root_meaning":"land lying opposite, territory","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"900s","proto_root":"*contra","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"country","meaning":"nation; rural land","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"contree","meaning":"region, country","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"contrata","meaning":"territory, land opposite","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["countryside","countrywide","cross-country","countryman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"land","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"babfd5b5-2d38-42a2-954b-3024efc6803d","word":"county","definition":"A territorial division for local government, typically an administrative subdivision within a state or region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"condado","language_family":"french","root":"comes","root_meaning":"count, companion of the ruler","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"county","meaning":"administrative territorial division","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"county","meaning":"territory under a count's rule","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"county","meaning":"land of a count","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"comes","meaning":"count, companion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["count","countess","country"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"region","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"8cf7c18a-5543-4e6b-89a8-63c68028d3cc","word":"coup","definition":"A sudden, illegal, and often violent seizure of power from a government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"cop","root_meaning":"a blow, a strike","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coup","meaning":"A sudden, illegal, and often violent seizure of power from a government.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"coup","meaning":"a blow, a strike, a sudden action","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cop","meaning":"a blow, a stroke","children":[{"era":"late Roman","word":"*colpus*","meaning":"a blow","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"colaphus","meaning":"a box on the ear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"κόλαφος (kolaphos)","meaning":"a box on the ear","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coup d'état","coup de grâce","percussion","impact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overthrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revolution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"putsch","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"a74303b2-e732-4535-97f8-728fada76863","word":"couple","definition":"Two people or things of the same sort considered together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pareja","language_family":"french","root":"cople","root_meaning":"pair, bond","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cōpula","meaning":"Bond, tie, link.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cople","meaning":"Pair, bond, two joined.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"couple","meaning":"Two of something, a pair.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"pareja","meaning":"Couple, pair.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["coupling","decouple","uncouple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duo","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"ca63d365-d1b5-41a0-b121-3e74d062ac9a","word":"coupon","definition":"A voucher entitling the holder to a discount on a particular product or service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cupón","language_family":"french","root":"couper","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coupon","meaning":"discount voucher","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"coupon","meaning":"a piece cut off, ticket","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"couper","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cut","cope","coup","slice","clip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"voucher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ticket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"token","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"0f50530b-68df-4bc3-a80f-b3b91bf3fb9b","word":"courage","definition":"The ability to do something that frightens one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"coraje","language_family":"french","root":"corage","root_meaning":"heart, spirit, temperament","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cor","meaning":"Heart, spirit.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"corage","meaning":"Heart, spirit, temperament.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"courage","meaning":"Bravery, valor.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"coraje","meaning":"Courage, anger.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["courageous","discourage","encourage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bravery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"4df372a8-ed68-4e50-89bf-3837764c501b","word":"courageous","definition":"Possessing or showing courage; brave.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"corajudo","language_family":"french","root":"corage","root_meaning":"heart, spirit, courage","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*ḱḗr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"courageous","meaning":"brave","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"courageux","meaning":"brave","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"corage","meaning":"heart, spirit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cor","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ḱḗr","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["courage","encourage","discourage","cordial","heart"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fearless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valiant","formality":"literary"},{"word":"heroic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"d998a0fc-094f-4494-836d-124865289eaf","word":"courier","definition":"A person who carries messages or packages, especially for a specific service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"correo","language_family":"french","root":"currere","root_meaning":"to run","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"courier","meaning":"A person who carries messages or packages, especially for a specific service.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"courier","meaning":"runner, messenger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currere","meaning":"to run","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kers-","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["course","current","cursive","cursor","cursory","recur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"messenger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"runner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispatch rider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"f8267c11-201c-47de-a280-fc56b8b5d32a","word":"course","definition":"A direction of travel or movement; a series of lessons or a program of study; a main dish at a meal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"curso","language_family":"latin","root":"cursus","root_meaning":"a running, a race, a course","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"course","meaning":"direction of movement, path","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cours","meaning":"a running, a course","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cursus","meaning":"a running, a race, a course","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currere","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["cursor","cursory","current","corridor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"route","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"cb77cdb3-0fae-48b5-970a-682617c8ae34","word":"courses","definition":"Plural of course; sequences of instruction or paths of travel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cursos","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin cursus","root_meaning":"a running, course","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"courses","meaning":"sequences of instruction or paths","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"courses","meaning":"paths, sequences","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"course","meaning":"running, path","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cursus","meaning":"a running, course, passage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currere","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["course","coursing","curriculum","courier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"classes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"programs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subjects","formality":"informal"},{"word":"routes","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"7f148d31-74ae-4b73-a8cb-093230238b7e","word":"court","definition":"A tribunal or the residence of a sovereign.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corte","language_family":"french","root":"cort","root_meaning":"enclosed yard, retinue","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cohors","meaning":"Enclosed yard, retinue, company.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cort","meaning":"Royal court, enclosed yard.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"court","meaning":"A tribunal, sovereign's residence.","language":"English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"corte","meaning":"Court.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["courtyard","courtier","courtesy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tribunal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bench","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"51f567cf-dbed-4c43-b9bd-cc91c707d8aa","word":"cove","definition":"A small sheltered inlet or bay on a coast.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cofa","root_meaning":"chamber, cellar, cave","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cove","meaning":"Small sheltered inlet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cofa","meaning":"chamber, cellar, cave","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cave","cubby","cabin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anchorage","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"ddf3d90a-abe2-480c-8678-4094da88daa2","word":"covenant","definition":"A formal agreement, promise, or binding commitment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"convenio","language_family":"french","root":"convenīre","root_meaning":"to come together; agree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"covenant","meaning":"a formal agreement or promise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"covenaunt / covenant","meaning":"agreement; compact; promise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"convenir","meaning":"to agree; be fitting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convenīre","meaning":"to come together; agree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"venīre","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convene","convention","convenient","convenience","convening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pact","formality":"formal"},{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compact","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"edd96f1e-fdc0-4e33-91ff-6b3b81075428","word":"cover","definition":"To place something over or in front of to protect or conceal.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cubrir","language_family":"french","root":"covrir","root_meaning":"to cover, shelter","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cooperīre","meaning":"To cover completely, from co + operīre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"covrir","meaning":"To cover, shelter, conceal.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cover","meaning":"To place over, protect.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cubrir","meaning":"To cover.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["coverage","discover","uncover","recover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conceal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"0e465a8e-9693-4c6a-bbeb-ba4d876303a7","word":"coverage","definition":"The extent to which something is covered or reported on; or insurance protection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cobertura","language_family":"french","root":"covrir","root_meaning":"to cover","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coverage","meaning":"extent of coverage or protection","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"coverage","meaning":"state of being covered","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cover","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cover","covering","covered","coverlet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reporting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"cc36afb4-7523-42f0-aef6-0e31fd4e0204","word":"covered","definition":"Having something placed over or upon it for protection, concealment, or completion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cubierto","language_family":"latin","root":"cooperire","root_meaning":"to cover completely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*co- + *operire","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"covered","meaning":"having something placed over","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cover","meaning":"to place over, conceal","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"covrir","meaning":"to cover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cooperire","meaning":"to cover completely","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cover","coverage","covering","uncover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concealed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hidden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protected","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"3af13e70-595b-4188-9994-4dae38ce8a63","word":"covers","definition":"Places something over or upon to conceal or protect.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cubre","language_family":"french","root":"cooperire","root_meaning":"to cover over","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"covers","meaning":"places over to conceal or protect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cover","meaning":"to place over","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"covrir","meaning":"to cover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cooperire","meaning":"to cover completely","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cover","coverage","covering","covert","uncover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conceals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shields","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protects","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"1ef1a7a9-ec89-4546-a3d3-067942c9d679","word":"covert","definition":"Covert means secret, hidden, or concealed, often by design.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"cooperire","root_meaning":"to cover over","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"covert","meaning":"secret; hidden","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"covert","meaning":"covered; concealed","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"covert","meaning":"covered, concealed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cooperire","meaning":"to cover over","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cover","covered","covering","uncover","recover","covertly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hidden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surreptitious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"4b2a724c-492a-41aa-9a66-9ada3d507778","word":"cow","definition":"A fully grown female domesticated bovine animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vaca","language_family":"germanic","root":"cū","root_meaning":"cow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":"*kwōn","etymology_tree":{"era":"~3000 BC","word":"*gʷōws","meaning":"Ox, cow, cattle.","children":[{"era":"~500 BC","word":"*kwōn","meaning":"Cow.","children":[{"era":"~800 AD","word":"cū","meaning":"Cow.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cow","meaning":"Female bovine.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"~1000 AD","word":"Kuh","meaning":"Cow.","language":"German"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["cattle","bovine","beef"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bovine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heifer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moo-cow","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"bac69440-c410-4501-ba00-293432ff418f","word":"coward","definition":"A person who lacks courage and shrinks from danger or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cobarde","language_family":"french","root":"coart","root_meaning":"one who turns tail, from 'coe' (tail) — an animal with its tail between its legs","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kauda-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coward","meaning":"person lacking courage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coart / couard","meaning":"one who turns tail in fear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coe / coda","meaning":"tail","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*kauda-","meaning":"tail","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cowardly","cowardice","coda","queue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poltroon","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"craven","formality":"literary"},{"word":"chicken","formality":"informal"},{"word":"recreant","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"df5220f8-038b-4350-9c3e-4bd8e343f678","word":"cowardice","definition":"Lack of courage; timidity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cobardía","language_family":"latin","root":"cauda","root_meaning":"tail","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱowd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cowardice","meaning":"lack of courage; timidity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cowardise","meaning":"cowardice","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cuardise / couardise","meaning":"cowardice","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"coe / coue","meaning":"tail","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cauda","meaning":"tail","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman / French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coward","cowardly","cowardliness","cowardship","cowardness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timidity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cravenness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pusillanimity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"47246e13-0903-4bcd-8108-e449dad28e9c","word":"cowboy","definition":"A man, typically one who works on horseback, tending cattle and performing other ranch duties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cow, boy","root_meaning":"female bovine; male servant/youth","root_language":"Old English, Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100, 1200s","proto_root":"*gʷow-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cowboy","meaning":"man tending cattle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cow","meaning":"cū (female bovine)","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"boy","meaning":"boi (male servant, youth)","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cowgirl","cowherd","cattle","bovine","boyish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"herdsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rancher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vaquero","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"a2df2b8e-89a8-484f-ab46-7e6f3d3ab339","word":"cowl","definition":"A large hood or hooded robe worn especially by monks; also any hood-shaped covering over a chimney, engine, or ventilation shaft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cogulla","language_family":"latin","root":"cucullus","root_meaning":"hood, cap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cowl","meaning":"monk's hood; chimney or engine cover","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coule","meaning":"monk's hood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cugele / cugle","meaning":"hood","children":[{"era":"400s-600s","word":"cuculla","meaning":"monk's hood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cucullus","meaning":"hood, cap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cowled","cowling","cucullate","capuche","hood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capuche","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"cowling","formality":"technical"},{"word":"habit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"7a777421-b231-4323-8a83-d7cc6b780c27","word":"coy","definition":"Pretending to be shy or modest in a playful or flirtatious manner, often to attract attention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"quieto","language_family":"french","root":"quietus","root_meaning":"quiet, at rest, still","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷyeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"coy","meaning":"playfully shy or reluctant","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"coi / quoi","meaning":"quiet, still, shy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quietus","meaning":"quiet, at rest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quiescere","meaning":"to rest, be quiet","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kʷyeh₁-","meaning":"to rest","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coyly","coyness","quiet","quietude","quiescent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bashful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reticent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coquettish","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"2c941c70-4b48-4e20-ac97-233b860faa50","word":"cozy","definition":"Giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"cose","root_meaning":"to cuddle, to snuggle","root_language":"Scots","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cozy","meaning":"Giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cose","meaning":"to cuddle","children":[],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cosiness","snug","comfortable","warm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comfortable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"332f7966-2abc-4b12-b1f6-399ff76633a1","word":"crab","definition":"A marine decapod crustacean with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are typically pincers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*krabbō","root_meaning":"crab","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"Pre-6th century","proto_root":"*gerbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crab","meaning":"crustacean","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crabbe","meaning":"crab","children":[{"era":"Pre-6th century","word":"*krabbō","meaning":"crab","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*gerbh-","meaning":"to scratch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["crayfish","scuttle","pinch","crabby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crustacean","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shellfish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"c12c7fe5-8b5a-43ca-90e6-925f07e8b673","word":"crack","definition":"A sudden sharp sound, or a narrow opening or fissure caused by splitting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"krak-","root_meaning":"to break, to burst","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gerg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crack","meaning":"a split or sharp sound","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"craken","meaning":"to make a sharp noise, to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kraka","meaning":"to crack","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crackle","cracking","creak","cranny","fracture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fissure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"split","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chink","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"93cbd9b6-b2c4-4e2b-bbc5-ff7739c6c7a0","word":"cracker","definition":"A thin, dry, crisp biscuit, often eaten with cheese or dips.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"crack","root_meaning":"to make a sharp, snapping sound; to break","root_language":"English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*kreh-g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cracker","meaning":"A thin, crisp biscuit.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"crack","meaning":"to make a sharp sound, burst","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*krakkon","meaning":"to crack (imitative)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crack","cracking","crackle","creak","crash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biscuit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wafer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rusk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"70dfe530-75e0-45fd-a6fd-7e578ead29dc","word":"crackle","definition":"To make a series of slight, sharp, popping noises.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*krakōn","root_meaning":"to make a sharp sound","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*gerg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crackle","meaning":"make sharp popping sounds","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"craken","meaning":"to crack","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"kraken","meaning":"to crack, burst","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*krakōn","meaning":"to make a sharp sound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["crack","crash","creak","crunch","crackling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fizzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rustle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"e482ad1c-ab22-4a29-a1c6-56e8d3b01745","word":"cradle","definition":"A small bed for a baby, typically one that can be rocked.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cradol","root_meaning":"basket, cradle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cradle","meaning":"A small bed for a baby, typically one that can be rocked.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cradol","meaning":"basket, cradle","children":[{"era":"pre-400s","word":"*kradilo","meaning":"basket, cradle","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crib","bassinet","cratch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bassinet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crib","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"af90b3ac-b4e5-408e-b1cf-8cbf06416dfc","word":"craft","definition":"An activity involving skill in making things by hand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cræft","root_meaning":"power, skill, strength","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gerbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"craft","meaning":"An activity involving skill in making things by hand.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cræft","meaning":"power, skill, strength","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kraftaz","meaning":"power, strength","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*gerbh-","meaning":"to scratch, carve","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crafty","handicraft","aircraft","witchcraft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artistry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"92702be4-220f-4603-a9bf-5fbb253930eb","word":"crafty","definition":"Crafty means skillful and clever, especially in a sly or deceitful way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cræftig","root_meaning":"strong, powerful; later skillful, ingenious","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kraftugaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crafty","meaning":"skillful and sly","children":[{"era":"mid-12c.","word":"crafti","meaning":"skillful, clever, learned","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cræftig","meaning":"strong, powerful; later skillful, cunning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kraftugaz","meaning":"powerful","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["craft","craftily","craftiness","craftsman","crafts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cunning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"ecf8feec-34e9-473d-a68b-80beea86d151","word":"crane","definition":"a large, long-necked, long-legged bird, or a large machine with a long arm, used for moving heavy objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grulla","language_family":"germanic","root":"cran","root_meaning":"crane (bird)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crane","meaning":"bird/machine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cran","meaning":"crane (bird)","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kran-","meaning":"crane","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*gerh₂-","meaning":"to cry hoarsely","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cranberry","grus","geranium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hoist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"derrick","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"40fedb19-ea00-4d0c-9290-028b82ddcf79","word":"crank","definition":"A part of an axle or shaft bent at right angles to the main line, for transmitting motion, especially from a reciprocating engine to a wheel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cranc","root_meaning":"bend, handle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crank","meaning":"A bent part of an axle or shaft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cranc","meaning":"bend, handle, crooked","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"krank","meaning":"crooked, sick","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cranky","crankshaft","kink","cramp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"winding-gear","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"f6cbd0cd-ca3a-4fe8-a58b-37fe47637d16","word":"cranky","definition":"Cranky means irritable, bad-tempered, or awkwardly temperamental.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cranky","meaning":"irritable or temperamental","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"crank + -y","meaning":"formed from crank with the adjective suffix -y","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"crank","meaning":"crooked, weak, or irritable","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crank","crankiness","crankily","crankshaft","crankcase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grumpy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"irritable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"testy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"a73d2794-f87e-491d-b696-2710db3bd50d","word":"crap","definition":"Worthless or rubbish matter; nonsense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"krappen","root_meaning":"to pluck, to cut off, to weed out","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"15th C","proto_root":"*grebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crap","meaning":"worthless matter","children":[{"era":"19th C","word":"crap","meaning":"dregs, refuse","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"krappen","meaning":"to pluck, cut off","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*krabben","meaning":"to scratch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scrape","crab","scrappy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rubbish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nonsense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"junk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"39562522-5f12-4c3f-9f46-47c66332ce20","word":"crappy","definition":"Of very poor quality; inferior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"crap + -y","root_meaning":"excrement, rubbish + characteristic of","root_language":"Middle Dutch (krappe) or Old French (crappe)","root_era":"1400s (for 'crap'), 1800s (for 'crappy')","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crappy","meaning":"Of very poor quality.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"crap","meaning":"excrement, rubbish","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"-y","meaning":"characteristic of","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crapshoot","junk","scummy","crumby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrible","formality":"informal"},{"word":"awful","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lousy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"8b77edde-72cb-4eae-b614-913cd02a2d54","word":"crash","definition":"To collide violently with an obstacle or another vehicle, or to make a sudden loud noise.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crash","meaning":"to collide violently or make a sudden loud noise","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"crash","meaning":"imitative of a sudden loud noise and impact","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crashing","crashed","crasher","smash","clash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wreck","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"3d24cb31-1f29-41c3-986a-f4f287ec37ef","word":"crate","definition":"A large open box, typically made of wood, used for transporting goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"crat","root_meaning":"basket, hamper","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crate","meaning":"A large open box","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"crat","meaning":"basket, hamper","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crating","encrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"box","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"case","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"40a9edce-a3eb-48ee-852a-6d20d79279a5","word":"crater","definition":"A crater is a bowl-shaped depression formed by impact, explosion, or volcanic activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cráter","language_family":"greek","root":"kratēr","root_meaning":"mixing bowl","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crater","meaning":"bowl-shaped depression","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crater","meaning":"a large bowl or basin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kratēr","meaning":"mixing bowl","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cratered","cratering","crateriform","craterlet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depression","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"0df89ce7-1ef3-4579-94d1-5a36372f7312","word":"crave","definition":"Crave means to want something very strongly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English crafian","root_meaning":"to demand, ask earnestly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crave","meaning":"to want something very strongly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"craven","meaning":"to demand, ask earnestly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crafian","meaning":"to demand, ask earnestly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["craving","craved","craves","craver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yearn","formality":"literary"},{"word":"long","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"6588db54-6e46-460b-93c3-cc027204cc49","word":"crawl","definition":"To move slowly with the body close to the ground.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"krafla","root_meaning":"to claw, to scratch, to crawl","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crawl","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"krafla","meaning":"to claw, to scratch","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crab","grapple","grab","creep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slither","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scramble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"32e8f7c9-ee44-4fb9-9a4e-968ba154dcd5","word":"craziness","definition":"The state or quality of being crazy, especially in the sense of extreme foolishness, disorder, or mental instability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"craziness","meaning":"the state or quality of being crazy","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"crazy","meaning":"mad, foolish, or wildly enthusiastic","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"noun-forming suffix meaning state or quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crazy","craze","crazed","crazily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insanity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"madness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foolishness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"54981089-73da-486c-aa59-8f3d975ba3fe","word":"crazy","definition":"Mentally deranged, especially as manifested in wild or aggressive behavior; extremely enthusiastic.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"krasa","root_meaning":"to shatter, break","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crazy","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"crasy","meaning":"diseased, infirm, unsound of mind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"krasa","meaning":"to shatter, break","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["craze","crack","crash","crazed","creak","smash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wild","formality":"informal"},{"word":"foolish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"a0afcbe9-da65-41ec-b354-098ae367b116","word":"creak","definition":"A harsh, scraping, or squeaking sound, often made by friction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*kreukan","root_meaning":"to creak, crack","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creak","meaning":"to make a harsh sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*cracan","meaning":"to crack (implied)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kreukan","meaning":"to creak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crack","screech","shriek","creaky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"squeak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"82739fd7-c1b8-4723-8442-4e34d8021f46","word":"cream","definition":"The fatty part of milk that rises to the top, or a thick cosmetic preparation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crema","language_family":"latin","root":"crema","root_meaning":"cream","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cream","meaning":"fatty milk component or cosmetic","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crème","meaning":"cream","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crema","meaning":"cream","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["creamy","creamer","creamery","creamed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dairy cream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ointment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"0b3ab224-4924-4a25-a631-f37d01a7c196","word":"create","definition":"To bring something into existence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"crear","language_family":"latin","root":"creāre","root_meaning":"to make, produce, bring forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"creāre","meaning":"To make, bring forth, produce.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"create","meaning":"To bring into existence.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"crear","meaning":"To create.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["creation","creative","creator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"make","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"3e62aafb-165e-4e98-b3b9-260852bb43a9","word":"created","definition":"Past tense of create; brought something into existence or caused something to come into being.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"creado","language_family":"latin","root":"creatus","root_meaning":"produced, caused to grow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"created","meaning":"brought into existence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"create","meaning":"to cause to come into being","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creatus","meaning":"produced, caused to grow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to produce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creation","creator","creative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"made","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"established","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"9102c9ea-69ec-482b-8154-de41bfda4d38","word":"creating","definition":"The present participle of create; bringing something into existence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"crear","language_family":"latin","root":"creare","root_meaning":"to make, produce, bring forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creating","meaning":"bringing something into existence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"create","meaning":"to make, bring into being","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to make, produce, bring forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creation","creator","creative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"making","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"producing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generating","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"6ee0cb1c-38ab-46aa-ae55-e4d6b6bf83fc","word":"creation","definition":"The act of bringing something into existence or the thing that is created.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"creación","language_family":"latin","root":"creatio","root_meaning":"act of making","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creation","meaning":"act of bringing into existence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"creacion","meaning":"creation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creatio","meaning":"act of making","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to make, produce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creator","creative","creature","procreate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"making","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"production","formality":"formal"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.673Z"}
{"id":"de47739e-383b-4aef-be1e-47a6fa1a5a0d","word":"creative","definition":"Having the ability or power to create; inventive or imaginative.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"creativo","language_family":"latin","root":"creare","root_meaning":"to make, to produce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creative","meaning":"having power to create","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"creative","meaning":"inventive, imaginative","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"creatif","meaning":"creative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creatus","meaning":"created, produced","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creation","creator","creativity","recreate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inventive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imaginative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"original","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innovative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"cd017fa0-8736-4960-a1f8-7794608e2e14","word":"creativity","definition":"The use of imagination or original ideas to create something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"creatividad","language_family":"latin","root":"creare","root_meaning":"to create, make, produce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creativity","meaning":"The use of imagination or original ideas to create something.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"creative","meaning":"having the power to create","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to create, make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creative","creation","creature","creator","procreate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ingenuity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inventiveness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"originality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imagination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"8578b395-3677-4731-810d-a4550a297286","word":"creator","definition":"A person or thing that brings something into existence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"creador","language_family":"latin","root":"creare","root_meaning":"to create, make, produce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creator","meaning":"A person or thing that brings something into existence.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"creator","meaning":"creator","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"creator","meaning":"creator","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to create, make, produce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creation","creative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inventor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"e0619b7d-abb1-4107-9cb0-68a7e1c53e0e","word":"creature","definition":"An animal, as distinct from a human being; a living organism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"criatura","language_family":"latin","root":"creatura","root_meaning":"a created thing","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kerh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creature","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"creature","meaning":"created thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"creatura","meaning":"created thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to create","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creation","creativity","procreate","creator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"being","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"animal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"ddd4e313-b337-430e-a38a-ea46ad4e1e3f","word":"credential","definition":"A credential is a document or qualification that proves identity, authority, or competence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"credencial","language_family":"latin","root":"credere","root_meaning":"to believe, trust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱred-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"credential","meaning":"a document or qualification that proves authority or competence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"credentialis","meaning":"giving credence or authority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credentia","meaning":"belief, trust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credere","meaning":"to believe, trust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ḱred-","meaning":"to believe, trust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credence","credible","credit","credibility","credentials","credentialed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"qualification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certificate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authorization","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"0c123ec0-c000-4cc5-a767-b067a72fab7f","word":"credibility","definition":"Credibility is the quality of being believable or worthy of trust.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"credibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"credere","root_meaning":"to believe; trust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱred-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"credibility","meaning":"the quality of being believable or trustworthy","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"credible","meaning":"worthy of belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credibilis","meaning":"worthy of belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credere","meaning":"to believe; trust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credible","credibly","credence","credit","credulous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trustworthiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"believability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plausibility","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"1e520027-96ba-431c-8844-1770a600d46a","word":"credible","definition":"Able to be believed; convincing or trustworthy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"creíble","language_family":"latin","root":"credere","root_meaning":"to believe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"credible","meaning":"able to be believed; convincing or trustworthy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credibilis","meaning":"worthy to be believed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credere","meaning":"to believe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kerd-","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credit","credence","credibility","creed","incredible","credibly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"believable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trustworthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plausible","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"68e011c0-08f2-4090-ba77-d2ff529bbe04","word":"credit","definition":"Trust in a person's ability or intention to pay a debt; or acknowledgment of achievement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crédito","language_family":"latin","root":"credere","root_meaning":"to believe or entrust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kred-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"credit","meaning":"trust or financial advance","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"credit","meaning":"belief, trust, reputation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"credit","meaning":"trust, reliance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credere","meaning":"to believe, entrust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credible","credibility","accredit","discredit","creditor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledgment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recognition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.515Z"}
{"id":"df7a78cf-f2ce-4d4e-906b-f8a2c81b3f9b","word":"credits","definition":"Acknowledgments given to people involved in a production, or units of academic achievement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crédito","language_family":"latin","root":"credere","root_meaning":"to believe, to trust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"credits","meaning":"acknowledgments or academic units","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"credit","meaning":"trust, confidence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credere","meaning":"to believe, to trust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credit","credible","creed","credential","accredit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acknowledgments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attribution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"units","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"42211c13-0afb-454d-8c21-9630b8709467","word":"creed","definition":"A creed is a formal statement of belief or doctrine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"credo","language_family":"latin","root":"credo","root_meaning":"I believe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creed","meaning":"a formal statement of belief or doctrine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crede","meaning":"a statement of belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credo","meaning":"I believe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credence","credential","credit","credible","credulous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doctrine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tenet","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"9287afe5-8dbd-48ae-a116-58424bec6541","word":"creek","definition":"A small stream, typically a tributary of a river.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kriki","root_meaning":"bend; turn","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*krek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creek","meaning":"small stream or tributary","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"creek","meaning":"small stream; inlet","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kriki","meaning":"bend; angle; inlet","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["creekbed","creek-side","stream","rivulet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tributary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"inlet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"3257f145-7b05-4125-b45a-b7e7ba21f701","word":"creep","definition":"To move slowly and carefully, especially in order to avoid being heard or noticed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"creopan","root_meaning":"to creep, to crawl","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*greub-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creep","meaning":"To move slowly and carefully.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"creopan","meaning":"to creep, to crawl","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kreupan","meaning":"to creep","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*greub-","meaning":"to crawl, to creep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crawl","creeping","creeper","crypto-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crawl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiptoe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"7c651088-e42b-48c5-b35a-4e63c7e59ca9","word":"creepy","definition":"Causing an unpleasant sensation of fear or unease.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"creep","root_meaning":"to crawl","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*krēpaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"creepy","meaning":"causing unease","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"creep","meaning":"to crawl","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*krēpaną","meaning":"to crawl","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*greb-","meaning":"to scratch, to scrape","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["creep","crawler","creeping","crypt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unsettling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eerie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spooky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"frightening","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"c7c19d95-9846-4f09-b94c-cec2371477fe","word":"cremate","definition":"To burn a dead body to ashes, especially as an alternative to burial.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cremar","language_family":"latin","root":"cremare","root_meaning":"to burn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-(3)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cremate","meaning":"to burn a dead body to ashes","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"cremation","meaning":"the act of cremating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cremare","meaning":"to burn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ker-(3)","meaning":"to burn, heat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cremation","crematorium","crematory","cremains"],"synonyms":[{"word":"burn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incinerate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"consume","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"06cb7df1-9127-4577-bf0f-df602b313cc7","word":"crescent","definition":"A curved shape tapering to two points, resembling the waxing or waning moon; anything of this form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"creciente","language_family":"latin","root":"crescere","root_meaning":"to grow, to increase","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crescent","meaning":"curved moon shape; anything of this form","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"creissant","meaning":"growing, waxing (of the moon)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crescentem","meaning":"growing (accusative present participle of crescere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow, to increase","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*ker-","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crescendo","increase","decrease","concrete","accrue","excrescence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lunula","formality":"technical"},{"word":"half-moon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sickle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"014f24cc-6dd1-49d8-8007-c4cc1faef2d6","word":"crest","definition":"The top part of a hill or mountain; a comb or tuft on the head of a bird or animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cresta","language_family":"latin","root":"crista","root_meaning":"crest, tuft","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crest","meaning":"The top part of a hill or mountain; a comb or tuft on the head of a bird or animal.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"creste","meaning":"crest, comb (of a bird)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crista","meaning":"crest, tuft, plume","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crista","crestate","crestfallen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apex","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"34545045-a8b0-4f18-86ba-a5e798b9fffe","word":"crew","definition":"A group of people who work together, especially on a ship, aircraft, or train.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"crue","root_meaning":"increase, augmentation","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kerh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crew","meaning":"A group of people who work together.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"crew","meaning":"reinforcement, company","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crue","meaning":"increase, augmentation, band","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"croistre","meaning":"to grow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accrue","crescent","growth","recruit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"team","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gang","formality":"informal"},{"word":"squad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"ff4d39ee-40c1-422f-ac39-9c62addbaccf","word":"crib","definition":"A baby's bed with high sides; also, a term for illicitly copying work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kribjo","root_meaning":"wickerwork, basket","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kribjo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crib","meaning":"baby's bed; illicit copy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cribbe","meaning":"manger, stall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kribjo-","meaning":"wickerwork, basket","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crèche","kraal","cribbage","grub"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheat sheet","formality":"informal"},{"word":"plagiarize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"57eaedaa-cb42-4e78-a645-7f6bd7731e8e","word":"cricket","definition":"A small, chirping, jumping insect related to grasshoppers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grillo","language_family":"latin","root":"*criccare","root_meaning":"to creak, chirp","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cricket","meaning":"chirping insect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"criquet","meaning":"insect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*criccare","meaning":"to creak, chirp","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["creak","chirp","click"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grasshopper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"ababa4c0-de72-499f-a3de-ef190ba1d86f","word":"crime","definition":"An action or omission that constitutes an offense punishable by law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crimen","language_family":"latin","root":"crimen","root_meaning":"charge, verdict, accusation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*krei-","meaning":"To sieve, to distinguish.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"cernere","meaning":"To sift, to decide.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"crimen","meaning":"Charge, accusation, verdict.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"crime","meaning":"An illegal act.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"crimen","meaning":"Crime, offense.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["criminal","incriminate","discriminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offense","formality":"formal"},{"word":"felony","formality":"legal"},{"word":"wrongdoing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"6e4e21c5-6433-4e71-b946-6dc613a4c7c4","word":"criminal","definition":"A person who has committed a crime or relating to crime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"criminal","language_family":"latin","root":"crimen","root_meaning":"crime, accusation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"criminal","meaning":"a person who commits crimes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"criminal","meaning":"relating to crime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"criminalis","meaning":"of crime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crimen","meaning":"crime, accusation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crime","criminality","criminalize","criminology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"felon","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrongdoer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"fee53321-2661-4f2a-ab15-2204a6e0baa0","word":"cripple","definition":"A person who is unable to walk or move properly due to injury or disability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"crypel","root_meaning":"bent, lame","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kreup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cripple","meaning":"a person unable to walk properly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crepel","meaning":"a cripple","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crypel","meaning":"bent, lame","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crippled","crippling","creep","crutch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disabled person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"person with a disability","formality":"formal"},{"word":"invalid","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"b82886f8-3816-4a5d-839a-e27c066345b8","word":"crisis","definition":"A time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crisis","language_family":"greek","root":"krisis","root_meaning":"decision, judgment","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"krísis (κρίσις)","meaning":"A separating, judgment, turning point. From krinein (to decide, judge).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"crisis","meaning":"A turning point, a dire situation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"crisis","meaning":"Crisis.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["critical","criterion","critic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emergency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catastrophe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crunch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"1987dc50-9103-44ba-bf6f-9a62ff103afd","word":"crispy","definition":"Crispy means pleasantly crisp, brittle, or lightly curled.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"crispus","root_meaning":"curly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crispy","meaning":"pleasantly crisp, brittle, or lightly curled","children":[{"era":"late 14c.","word":"crisp + -y","meaning":"made from crisp plus the adjectival suffix -y","children":[{"era":"late 14c.","word":"crisp","meaning":"curly; later brittle or easily broken","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crispus","meaning":"curly","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to bend, turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crisp","crisply","crispness","crisped","crisping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crisp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crunchy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brittle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"4509e623-9ae4-44e3-b3fa-aa90aaa378bf","word":"criteria","definition":"Principles or standards by which something is judged or assessed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"criterio","language_family":"greek","root":"kriterion","root_meaning":"means for judging","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kri-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"criteria","meaning":"standards for judgment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"criterion","meaning":"means of judging","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kriterion","meaning":"means for judging, standard","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["criterion","critical","criticize","critique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"standards","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benchmarks","formality":"formal"},{"word":"measures","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"3826d6e9-17fe-47d0-9636-c71472a51f52","word":"criterion","definition":"A principle or standard by which something may be judged.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"criterio","language_family":"greek","root":"kritērion","root_meaning":"a means for judging","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"kritḗrion (κριτήριον)","meaning":"A standard of judgment. From kritēs (judge), from krinein (to decide).","children":[{"era":"1660s","word":"criterion","meaning":"A standard for judging.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"criterio","meaning":"Criterion, judgment.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["criteria","critic","critical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benchmark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yardstick","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"7b161f28-4159-4dd2-b7fb-0208242c66a9","word":"critic","definition":"A person who expresses an unfavorable opinion or judges the merits of work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crítico","language_family":"greek","root":"kritikos","root_meaning":"able to judge","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"kritikós (κριτικός)","meaning":"Able to make judgments. From kritēs (judge), from krinein (to decide).","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"critic","meaning":"One who judges or evaluates.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"crítico","meaning":"Critic, critical.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["critical","criticism","critique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reviewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"judge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commentator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2b9d13d0-e842-47df-9e0a-81e6598b059f","word":"critical","definition":"Expressing disapproval or judgment; of crucial importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"crítico","language_family":"greek","root":"kritikos","root_meaning":"of judgment, skilled in judging","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"critical","meaning":"expressing judgment or of crucial importance","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"critical","meaning":"relating to criticism","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kritikos","meaning":"of judgment, able to judge","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["criticize","criterion","critique","critic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crucial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"judgmental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essential","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"9ba7014e-0a78-41ed-afd8-00ffbc5e2f7e","word":"criticism","definition":"The expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"criticismo","language_family":"greek","root":"kritikos","root_meaning":"able to discern, judge","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"criticism","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"criticisme","meaning":"critique","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"criticus","meaning":"a judge, critic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kritikos","meaning":"able to discern, judge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"krinein","meaning":"to separate, decide, judge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*krei-","meaning":"to sift, discriminate, distinguish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["critic","critical","critique","crisis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"censure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"faultfinding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disapproval","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"b9fbaef3-cbdd-403d-80a4-3c0b43b8c961","word":"criticize","definition":"To criticize is to judge, evaluate, or express disapproval of someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"criticar","language_family":"greek","root":"krínein","root_meaning":"to separate, decide, judge","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"criticize","meaning":"to judge or express disapproval","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"critic","meaning":"a person who judges or evaluates","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"critique","meaning":"critical judgment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kritikos","meaning":"able to judge, discerning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"krínein","meaning":"to separate, decide, judge","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["critic","criticism","critical","critique","criterion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"censure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rebuke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condemn","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"c1160977-4818-4b6d-9531-d9b210316bf3","word":"crocodile","definition":"A large carnivorous reptile of tropical and subtropical regions, having a long snout and powerful jaws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cocodrilo","language_family":"greek","root":"krokodeilos","root_meaning":"lizard","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crocodile","meaning":"A large carnivorous reptile","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crocodrille","meaning":"crocodile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crocodilus","meaning":"crocodile","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"krokodeilos","meaning":"lizard, specifically 'pebble worm' (krokos 'pebble' + dreilos 'worm')","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lizard","alligator","reptile","crocodilian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alligator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caiman","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gavial","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"c1d8906b-272b-4c91-bfbf-f7fa436ecb61","word":"croft","definition":"A small enclosed field or plot of arable land, typically attached to a dwelling in Scotland or northern England.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"croft","root_meaning":"small enclosed field, paddock","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"croft","meaning":"small enclosed field or smallholding","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"krocht","meaning":"field on a hill, underground vault","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"croft","meaning":"small enclosed field, paddock","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kruftaz","meaning":"enclosed hollow space","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crofter","crofting","croft-house"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smallholding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paddock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"0e6ab20b-d5b0-4f80-9792-1cee204edb59","word":"crook","definition":"A dishonest person or a bend/curve.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"krókr","root_meaning":"hook, bend","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crook","meaning":"A dishonest person or a bend/curve.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crok","meaning":"hook, bend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"krókr","meaning":"hook, bend","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crooked","crooking","hook","crookedly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swindler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deceiver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"64846836-599e-4c8c-bb12-21ac234ed3be","word":"crop","definition":"A cultivated plant, especially a cereal, fruit, or vegetable, grown on a large scale for food, fiber, or other economic purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cropp","root_meaning":"top of a plant, cluster, head","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kruppaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crop","meaning":"A cultivated plant...","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"croppe","meaning":"head of a plant, top, bud","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cropp","meaning":"top, cluster, sprout","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kruppaz","meaning":"body, trunk, lump","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crupper","group","cripple","harvest","cultivate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harvest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"b67b2525-65bd-471b-9ed7-80cda9b09279","word":"crore","definition":"A noun meaning ten million in the South Asian numbering system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"कोटि","root_meaning":"ten million; myriad","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crore","meaning":"ten million","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"karoṛ","meaning":"ten million","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"कोटि","meaning":"ten million; myriad","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Hindustani"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crorepati","crore-based","crores","karoṛ"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ten million","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"myriad","formality":"literary"},{"word":"10,000,000","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"e19fdbe1-616c-43ae-9535-7197f3490655","word":"cross","definition":"A mark, sign, or structure formed by two intersecting lines or pieces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cruz","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old Norse kross","root_meaning":"cross, gallows","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Cross","meaning":"intersecting lines or structure","children":[{"era":"900-1100","word":"cros","meaning":"cross","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kross","meaning":"cross, gallows","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crossing","crossway","crossroads","crucifix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intersection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"X","formality":"informal"},{"word":"crucifix","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"9021314c-64b0-4847-81f7-a1058389bee3","word":"crossword","definition":"A puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are written into a grid of squares, typically crossing each other.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cross + word","root_meaning":"intersect + unit of language","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":"*krus, *wurdiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crossword","meaning":"word puzzle","children":[{"era":"current","word":"cross","meaning":"an intersection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cros","meaning":"cross","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kross","meaning":"cross","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"word","meaning":"a unit of language","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"word","meaning":"unit of language","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wurdiz","meaning":"word","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["puzzle","wordplay","clue","grid","anagram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puzzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"word game","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brainteaser","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"5b9a9443-178f-4fb3-80f1-a5cf0c7756be","word":"crotch","definition":"The forked part where something divides, especially the area where the human body splits into two legs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"krokr","root_meaning":"hook; bend","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crotch","meaning":"the forked part where something divides, especially the area where the human body splits into two legs","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"croche","meaning":"shepherd's crook; hooked shape","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"krokr","meaning":"hook; bend","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crotched","crotchless","crotching","crotches"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fork","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleft","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"9189a4fc-7b08-4a50-9713-d91f6729ae2b","word":"crow","definition":"A large, black bird, or the cry of a rooster.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"crawa","root_meaning":"a bird (imitative sound)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*krōwō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crow","meaning":"black bird; rooster's cry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crawa","meaning":"crow (bird, imitative of its cry)","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crawan","meaning":"to make a noise like a cock","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raven","rook","caw","crowbar","crowing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corvid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"boast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strut","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"b70c9165-1af8-4524-9b42-11328b12f10f","word":"crowd","definition":"A large number of people gathered together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"crudan","root_meaning":"to push, press, hurry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*greut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crowd","meaning":"a large number of people","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crudan","meaning":"to push, press","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*greut-","meaning":"to crush, press together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crush","crutch","crude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"throng","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"multitude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"d5d47559-0d88-4439-80ec-399805f1e20c","word":"crown","definition":"A circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"corona","language_family":"french","root":"corone","root_meaning":"crown, garland","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"corōna","meaning":"Wreath, garland, crown.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"corone","meaning":"Crown, garland, top of head.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"crown","meaning":"A royal headdress.","language":"English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"corona","meaning":"Crown.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["coronation","crowned","coronet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diadem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tiara","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"98a23ba0-5934-4551-9adf-73f5a0c68fef","word":"crucial","definition":"Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"crucial","language_family":"latin","root":"crux","root_meaning":"cross","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crucial","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"crucial","meaning":"decisive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crux","meaning":"cross, stake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cross","crucifix","excruciate","criticize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"critical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pivotal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decisive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"dc001369-2ff9-44d6-8f61-64c885fc7303","word":"crucify","definition":"To execute or torment by fastening someone to a cross.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"crucificar","language_family":"latin","root":"crux","root_meaning":"cross","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crucify","meaning":"To execute or torment by fastening someone to a cross.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crucifigere","meaning":"to fasten to a cross","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crux","meaning":"cross","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"figere","meaning":"to fasten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crucifix","crucifixion","cruciform","cruciate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"execute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impale","formality":"formal"},{"word":"torture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"789c22b3-b77f-4d83-919d-387e13b50404","word":"crude","definition":"In a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"crudo","language_family":"latin","root":"crudus","root_meaning":"raw, bloody, unripe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kreuə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crude","meaning":"raw, unrefined","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"crud","meaning":"raw, unripe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crudus","meaning":"raw, bloody, unripe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raw","cruel","crudity","recruitment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"raw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unrefined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unprocessed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"3314e5f8-af72-4ffc-b20c-9a5cfdf1aff2","word":"cruel","definition":"Willfully causing pain or suffering to others; merciless.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cruel","language_family":"french","root":"crudelis","root_meaning":"rough, raw, cruel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kreue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cruel","meaning":"causing suffering without mercy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cruel","meaning":"cruel, savage","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cruel","meaning":"cruel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crudelis","meaning":"cruel, hard-hearted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crudus","meaning":"raw, rough, bloody","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cruelty","cruelly","cruel-hearted","crudity","crude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brutal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merciless","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruthless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pitiless","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"cf4e930d-e5e0-4055-b785-89efd65619cd","word":"cruelty","definition":"The quality of being cruel; indifference to the suffering of others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crueldad","language_family":"french","root":"crudelitas","root_meaning":"cruelty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cruelty","meaning":"indifference to suffering","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"cruauté","meaning":"cruelty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crudelitas","meaning":"cruelty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crudelis","meaning":"cruel, rough","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kreu-","meaning":"raw flesh","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cruel","crude","raw","recruit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"savagery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barbarity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brutality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruthlessness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"1ba84699-baaa-4c0e-90dc-61e95d36d8a6","word":"cruise","definition":"A journey by ship for pleasure, or to travel slowly in search of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crucero","language_family":"french","root":"croisier","root_meaning":"to cross, traverse","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cruise","meaning":"pleasure voyage or to travel","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"cruise","meaning":"to cross, cruise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"croisier","meaning":"to cross, traverse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crux","meaning":"cross","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cruiser","cruising","cruise control"],"synonyms":[{"word":"voyage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"journey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excursion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sailing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"500dd55c-672a-4eb7-ba8e-5802f9de440c","word":"cruiser","definition":"A cruiser is a ship built for cruising or, more broadly, a person who cruises.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"crucero","language_family":"germanic","root":"Latin crux","root_meaning":"cross","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cruiser","meaning":"a ship built for cruising or a person who cruises","children":[{"era":"1650s","word":"cruise","meaning":"to sail to and fro or from place to place","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"kruisen","meaning":"to cross, sail to and fro","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kruis","meaning":"cross","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crux","meaning":"cross","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix meaning one who does an action","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cruise","cruised","cruising","cross","croiseur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patrol ship","formality":"technical"},{"word":"raider","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"94b023f8-9dd3-45ff-ba70-18420c74fd9f","word":"crumb","definition":"A small fragment or piece, especially of bread.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cruma","root_meaning":"crumb; fragment","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crumb","meaning":"a small fragment or piece, especially of bread","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cruma","meaning":"crumb; fragment","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crumbs","crumbly","crumble","crumbed","crumbiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"morsel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scrap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"particle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"04a27281-2793-4bf3-94a3-50c15a2872bb","word":"crumble","definition":"To break or fall apart into small pieces.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cruma","root_meaning":"crumb; small fragment","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crumble","meaning":"to break or fall apart into small pieces","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crymble","meaning":"an earlier form of crumble","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*crymlan","meaning":"to crumble","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cruma","meaning":"crumb","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crumb","crumbly","crumbling","crumple","crumbler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disintegrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collapse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fall apart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"ea78ff00-8d57-4025-afc9-180203422d55","word":"crummy","definition":"Crummy means shabby, inferior, or in poor condition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cruma","root_meaning":"crumb, fragment","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crummy","meaning":"shabby or inferior","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"crumb + -y","meaning":"formed from crumb plus the adjectival suffix -y","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cruma","meaning":"crumb, fragment of bread or food","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crumb","crumbly","crumble","crumby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shabby","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shoddy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lousy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"3ba784e6-5b86-4a26-af6f-fcaaa0fd1af0","word":"crunch","definition":"To make a loud, grinding sound as something is crushed or walked on.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"*krent-","root_meaning":"crush, grind","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crunch","meaning":"To make a loud, grinding sound.","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"crunch","meaning":"Imitative of a crushing sound.","children":[],"language":"English (onomatopoeic)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cranch","craunch","creak","crush","grind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"munch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chaw","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"f7bd5c57-421b-4cf1-91aa-a21340a703df","word":"crusade","definition":"A crusade is a vigorous campaign or movement pursued with zeal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cruzada","language_family":"french","root":"crux","root_meaning":"cross","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crusade","meaning":"a zealous campaign or expedition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French croisade","meaning":"cross-bearing expedition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"croiser","meaning":"to cross; mark with a cross","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crux","meaning":"cross","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crusader","crusading","croisade","cross","crucifix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"campaign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"movement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mission","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cause","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"3b2a4593-1333-4e7b-90bd-c00858a642cc","word":"crush","definition":"To deform, pulverize, or force out of shape by pressing or squeezing forcefully.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"croissir","root_meaning":"to crack, burst, smash","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crush","meaning":"to press forcefully","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"crushen","meaning":"to break, smash","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"croissir","meaning":"to crack, burst, smash","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crunch","crash","crease","crumple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squash","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pulverize","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shatter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"bd0fd6c7-6265-45f8-a93e-d4406e5fd386","word":"crust","definition":"The hard, outer layer covering something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"costra","language_family":"latin","root":"crusta","root_meaning":"rind, crust, shell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krewH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crust","meaning":"The hard, outer layer covering something.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crouste","meaning":"crust, rind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crusta","meaning":"rind, crust, shell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["encrust","crustacean","crusty","croissant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"6adb316e-f48b-4905-a507-c959da317e9b","word":"cry","definition":"To shed tears and weep, or to shout or call out loudly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"criare","root_meaning":"to cry out, implore","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cry","meaning":"to weep or call out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crien","meaning":"to call out, implore","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"crier","meaning":"to cry, shout, proclaim","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"criare","meaning":"to cry out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Quirites","meaning":"Roman citizens (called upon in appeal)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crier","outcry","crying","cry-baby","battle-cry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weep","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bawl","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"a236cca6-5404-4617-82be-bfc843ae8411","word":"crypt","definition":"A crypt is an underground chamber, especially one used for burial.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cripta","language_family":"greek","root":"kryptos","root_meaning":"hidden; concealed","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crypt","meaning":"an underground burial chamber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crypta","meaning":"vault; concealed place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kryptos","meaning":"hidden; concealed","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cryptic","cryptography","encrypt","decrypt","apocryphal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tomb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chamber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burial chamber","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"47d9c5f0-54ac-43c4-8cef-d3edd0d9e014","word":"crystal","definition":"A transparent or translucent mineral or glass-like substance with a regular geometric form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cristal","language_family":"greek","root":"krystallos","root_meaning":"ice, clear ice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"crystal","meaning":"transparent mineral with regular form","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"crystal","meaning":"clear transparent stone","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cristal","meaning":"crystal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"krystallos","meaning":"ice, crystal","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crystalline","crystallize","crystallography","crystalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mineral","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gemstone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quartz","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"9d0ea086-6828-429b-b683-17cc756605e4","word":"cube","definition":"A symmetrical three-dimensional shape, either solid or hollow, contained by six equal square faces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cubo","language_family":"greek","root":"kýbos","root_meaning":"a cube, a die","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cube","meaning":"six-sided shape","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cube","meaning":"a cube","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cubus","meaning":"a cube, a die","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kýbos","meaning":"a cube, a die","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cuboid","cubic","cubism","hypercube"],"synonyms":[{"word":"die","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hexahedron","formality":"technical"},{"word":"block","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"8c5e7ef4-789f-4fc1-9db3-df246768bd8f","word":"cubic","definition":"Having the form of a cube; relating to the volume of a cube.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cúbico","language_family":"greek","root":"cubus","root_meaning":"cube, die","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cubic","meaning":"Having the form of a cube","children":[{"era":"800s BCE-600 CE","word":"kubikos","meaning":"cubic","children":[{"era":"800s BCE-600 CE","word":"kubos","meaning":"cube, die","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cubicus","meaning":"cubic","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cube","cuboid","cubicle","cubism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"three-dimensional","formality":"technical"},{"word":"solid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"block-shaped","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"14dd27c9-fa5c-49a2-b29f-f8308546e2d0","word":"cuckoo","definition":"A migratory European bird known for its distinctive two-note call and habit of laying eggs in other birds' nests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuco","language_family":"french","root":"cucu","root_meaning":"imitative of the bird's call","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*kukku-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cuckoo","meaning":"a bird","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cucou","meaning":"cuckoo bird","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cucu","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coo","cuculiform","kookaburra","cuckold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insane","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"b10dfca3-ae77-41ba-9ff8-7534660d05bf","word":"cucumber","definition":"Cucumber is a trailing vine in the gourd family and its long green fruit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"cucumis","root_meaning":"cucumber","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cucumber","meaning":"a long green fruit and the vine that bears it","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"cocombre","meaning":"cucumber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cucumis","meaning":"cucumber","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cucumis","cucumer","cucurbit","cuke","gherkin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gherkin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cuke","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pickle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"e30132bf-1969-48dd-84d1-3078c1d314eb","word":"cuddle","definition":"To hold or nestle closely in an affectionate embrace.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cuddle","meaning":"to embrace affectionately","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cuddling","cuddly","cuddliness","cuddles"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snuggle","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nestle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"4c5501e4-e5cd-41ec-a0ee-32af85b669dc","word":"cue","definition":"A signal for action, or a long stick used in billiards.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"queue","root_meaning":"tail, line","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kaud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cue","meaning":"signal or stick","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"cue","meaning":"actor's last words (from 'queue')","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"queue","meaning":"tail, line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cauda","meaning":"tail","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["queue","caudal","coda","tail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"851c4761-943f-4a06-9f81-f5a5e3fcf97f","word":"culinary","definition":"Culinary means relating to cooking or the kitchen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"culinario","language_family":"latin","root":"culina","root_meaning":"kitchen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"culinary","meaning":"relating to cooking or the kitchen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"culinarius","meaning":"of the kitchen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"culina","meaning":"kitchen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cuisine","culinarian","culinary arts","cookery","kitchen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gastronomic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cookery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kitchen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"d6471e79-9b3f-4437-8746-959c492a1c89","word":"cult","definition":"a system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"culto","language_family":"latin","root":"cultus","root_meaning":"care, cultivation, worship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cult","meaning":"system of worship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cultus","meaning":"care, cultivation, worship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colere","meaning":"to cultivate, inhabit, worship","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*kʷel-","meaning":"to revolve, to move around; hence to sojourn, dwell, cultivate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cultivate","culture","cultish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"following","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devotion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"be3f3a55-390d-4ef9-975f-3c81421778d2","word":"cultural","definition":"Relating to the customs, arts, and way of life of a particular society or group.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cultural","language_family":"latin","root":"colere","root_meaning":"to till, to cultivate, to care for","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"cultural","meaning":"of or relating to culture","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"culture","meaning":"cultivation, way of life","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cultura","meaning":"cultivation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"colere","meaning":"to till, to care for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["culture","cultivate","cult","agriculture","horticulture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"social","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"societal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"artistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ethnic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"4fd9fbd9-6cff-4e61-add8-5ec981129b26","word":"culture","definition":"The arts, beliefs, and social practices of a group of people; the cultivation of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cultura","language_family":"latin","root":"cultura","root_meaning":"tilling, cultivation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s BCE","proto_root":"*kwel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*kwel-","meaning":"To revolve, to cultivate.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"colere","meaning":"To till, to cultivate, to honor.","children":[{"era":"100s BCE","word":"cultura","meaning":"Tillage, cultivation of the mind.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"culture","meaning":"Social customs and arts of a people.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"cultura","meaning":"Culture, cultivation.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["cultivate","agriculture","cult","colony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"civilization","formality":"formal"},{"word":"society","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heritage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"50d32082-8364-4185-afe4-2206d5da6177","word":"cum","definition":"A formal Latin borrowing meaning \"with\" or \"together with\".","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"con","language_family":"latin","root":"cum","root_meaning":"with, together with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kom","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cum","meaning":"with; together with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin cum","meaning":"with; together with","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *kom","meaning":"beside, near, with","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["con-","co-","com-","col-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"with","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"together with","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"384f2e8a-b5dc-431b-b7b9-cd78d476ae13","word":"cumulative","definition":"Increasing or increased in quantity, degree, or force by successive additions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"acumulativo","language_family":"latin","root":"cumulare","root_meaning":"to heap up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cumulative","meaning":"increasing by addition","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"cumulativus","meaning":"tending to heap up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cumulare","meaning":"to heap up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cumulus","meaning":"heap, pile","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accumulate","cumulus","accumulation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accumulative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"increasing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"additive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"growing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"757dc1de-baa7-4571-ba4a-60b4b1fc2d2c","word":"cunning","definition":"Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cunnung","root_meaning":"knowledge, skill, learning","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*genh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cunning","meaning":"Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cunnung","meaning":"knowledge, skill","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cunnan","meaning":"to know, be able","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kunnana","meaning":"to know, be familiar with","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["can","ken","know","skill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crafty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"03d6f170-3b4e-45e8-b058-7945fc6b9483","word":"cunt","definition":"A highly offensive and vulgar term for a woman's vagina, or a term of abuse for a woman or person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kunton","root_meaning":"vulva","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*genh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cunt","meaning":"vagina (vulgar)","children":[{"era":"13th C.","word":"cunte","meaning":"vagina","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cunne","meaning":"vagina","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kunton","meaning":"vulva","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"vagina","formality":"technical"},{"word":"vulva","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bitch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"asshole","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"56a18b47-d317-442e-abe3-2d720c6ad53e","word":"cup","definition":"A small bowl-shaped container for drinking from.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"taza","language_family":"latin","root":"cuppa","root_meaning":"a tub, a barrel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*keup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"cup","meaning":"A small drinking vessel.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"cuppe","meaning":"A cup.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"cuppa","meaning":"A tub, cask.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*keup-","meaning":"A hollow, a pit.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["cupcake","cupboard","World Cup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"goblet","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"ce109710-7146-4cad-b892-92b168d4ac35","word":"cupboard","definition":"A cabinet with shelves for storing dishes, food, or other provisions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cup + board","root_meaning":"a board or table for cups","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cupboard","meaning":"A cabinet with shelves for storing dishes, food, or other provisions.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cupboard","meaning":"a board or table for cups","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cuppe","meaning":"cup","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bord","meaning":"board, table","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cup","board","cabinet","shelf","closet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cabinet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pantry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"a2f4d154-b585-4510-b9d5-7adfb274e05c","word":"cupcake","definition":"A small individual cake baked in a cup or small mold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cupcake","meaning":"a small individual cake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cup","meaning":"a drinking vessel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cuppa","meaning":"cup","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cake","meaning":"a cake","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kaka","meaning":"cake","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cup","cake","cupcakes","cup-cake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fairy cake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"muffin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patty cake","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"79263fab-11e7-47f8-a6eb-283026f7e7dc","word":"curb","definition":"A stone or concrete border forming an edge between a sidewalk and a street, or a check or restraint on something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"courbe","root_meaning":"curve, bend; strap or rein","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curb","meaning":"restraint or edge","children":[{"era":"12th-13th century","word":"courbe","meaning":"a curve, a strap for restraining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"curvare","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curve","curtail","incurvate","reins"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restraint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"border","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"a9db3986-bcec-4057-b608-d8e2e69bfed0","word":"cure","definition":"A substance or treatment that relieves disease.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cura","language_family":"french","root":"cure","root_meaning":"care, healing","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cūra","meaning":"Care, concern, healing.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"cure","meaning":"Care, healing, remedy.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cure","meaning":"A remedy, treatment.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cura","meaning":"Cure, care.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["curable","incurable","curator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remedy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treatment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"7f14521e-479e-4261-bddf-aac5b8e8e428","word":"curfew","definition":"A regulation requiring people to remain indoors between specified hours.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"couvre-feu","root_meaning":"cover fire","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curfew","meaning":"regulation requiring people indoors","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"couvre-feu","meaning":"cover fire","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cover","fire","couverture","feuille"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restriction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edict","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"4df5068e-aabb-4a37-a799-1136e2ad2a20","word":"curiosity","definition":"A strong desire to know or learn something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"curiosidad","language_family":"latin","root":"cura","root_meaning":"care, concern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷois-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curiosity","meaning":"A strong desire to know or learn something.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"curiositee","meaning":"inquisitiveness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"curiositatem","meaning":"inquisitiveness, desire to know","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"curiosus","meaning":"careful, inquisitive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cura","meaning":"care, concern","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curious","cure","curate","accurate","incurious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquisitiveness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wonder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"ddbba34d-6a88-4c30-911f-aa7c344c9714","word":"curious","definition":"Eager to know or learn something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"curioso","language_family":"latin","root":"curiosus","root_meaning":"careful, diligent, inquisitive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curious","meaning":"eager to know","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"curios","meaning":"careful, attentive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"curiosus","meaning":"careful, inquisitive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cura","meaning":"care, concern","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curiosity","cure","curator","secure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquisitive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nosey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"2b774de7-f0ab-415e-a16a-fbdddec474e6","word":"currency","definition":"Money in circulation as a medium of exchange or the fact of being generally accepted or in use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moneda","language_family":"latin","root":"currens","root_meaning":"running, flowing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"currency","meaning":"money in use or state of being current","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"currency","meaning":"state of being in circulation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"current","meaning":"flowing, running","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currens","meaning":"running, flowing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["current","course","courier","cursor","circulate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legal tender","formality":"formal"},{"word":"circulation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"690d687a-60ec-4a8e-8da6-8bf305e6da36","word":"current","definition":"Belonging to the present time; a flow of water or electricity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"corriente","language_family":"latin","root":"currēns","root_meaning":"running","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"currere","meaning":"To run, hasten.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"current","meaning":"Running, present.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"corriente","meaning":"Current, running.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["currency","currently","concurrent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ongoing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contemporary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"cb6c3d36-7f43-41d7-a4f4-d2930286cc74","word":"currently","definition":"At the present time; now.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"corriente","language_family":"latin","root":"currens","root_meaning":"running, flowing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"currently","meaning":"at present","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"current","meaning":"present, flowing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currens","meaning":"running, flowing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["current","currant","currency","course"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"now","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at the moment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"17c73eb0-ac5d-4953-a13b-dbc0a4f53b1a","word":"curriculum","definition":"The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"currículum","language_family":"latin","root":"currere","root_meaning":"to run, a course","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curriculum","meaning":"The subjects comprising a course of study.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"curriculum","meaning":"a course, race-course","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currere","meaning":"to run","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kers-","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["current","course","cursive","career","courier","recur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"syllabus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"program","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"course of study","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"16b54747-af10-4201-88e7-c12d8f06017c","word":"curry","definition":"A dish of meat, fish, or vegetables cooked in an aromatic sauce with spices.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"kari","root_meaning":"sauce, relish for rice","root_language":"Tamil","root_era":"pre-1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curry","meaning":"A dish of meat, fish, or vegetables cooked in an aromatic sauce with spices","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"curry","meaning":"dish with sauce and spices","children":[{"era":"pre-1600s","word":"kari","meaning":"sauce, relish for rice","children":[],"language":"Tamil"}],"language":"English (Anglo-Indian)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curried","currying","curries","curry powder","curry leaf"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ragout","formality":"technical"},{"word":"goulash","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"37fcf1c9-192e-4e83-ae15-2f27ee184037","word":"curse","definition":"To invoke evil or misfortune upon; to utter a profane oath.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"curs","root_meaning":"a curse, an evil prayer","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curse","meaning":"invoke evil or misfortune","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"curs","meaning":"a malediction","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cursed","cursing","curser","curseword"],"synonyms":[{"word":"malediction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"damn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hex","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"f55ccfea-3a0a-42e8-be6b-534bc51aa561","word":"cursor","definition":"A movable indicator on a computer display that shows the user's current position or where interaction will occur.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cursor","language_family":"latin","root":"cursor","root_meaning":"runner","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cursor","meaning":"a moving indicator","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cursor","meaning":"runner, messenger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"currere","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["course","current","occur","incursion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pointer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indicator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"153158a4-40b7-4ec0-8330-b20a2582b095","word":"curt","definition":"Curt means brief and abruptly blunt in manner or speech.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"corto","language_family":"latin","root":"curtus","root_meaning":"short; shortened; cut short","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curt","meaning":"brief and abruptly blunt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"curtus","meaning":"short, cut short, curtailed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curtness","curtly","curter","curtest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blunt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brusque","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"8a90d88b-1288-494c-bdf0-7a1bb59726ef","word":"curtain","definition":"A piece of material suspended from the top to form a screen, especially at a window or between spaces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cortina","language_family":"latin","root":"cortina","root_meaning":"round enclosure, small courtyard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰortos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curtain","meaning":"A piece of material suspended from the top to form a screen, especially at a window or between spaces.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"cortine","meaning":"a short cloak, a curtain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cortina","meaning":"round enclosure, small courtyard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cohors","meaning":"courtyard, enclosed space","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*gʰortos","meaning":"enclosure, yard, garden","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["court","cohort","cordial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"6f1e9adf-7106-47c6-bc14-bac85556d0f9","word":"curve","definition":"A bending line or an object with a bending form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"curva","language_family":"latin","root":"curvus","root_meaning":"bent, curved","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"curve","meaning":"A bending line or an object with a bending form.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"curvus","meaning":"bent, curved","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curved","curvature","curvy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arc","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flexure","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"e05f9d69-fcc6-41b8-8036-d7762d44c67f","word":"cushion","definition":"A soft padded object used to support or protect the body or an object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cojín","language_family":"french","root":"coxa","root_meaning":"hip, thigh","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*koḱs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cushion","meaning":"a soft padded object used to support or protect the body or an object","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quysshyn","meaning":"cushion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"coissin","meaning":"cushion","children":[{"era":"late antique","word":"*coxīnus","meaning":"seat pad; cushion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coxa","meaning":"hip; thigh","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*koḱs-","meaning":"joint; limb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cushioning","cushioned","cushiony","cushionless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pillow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bolster","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"18518cd3-5a03-480d-9d9e-b1e510957f6d","word":"custody","definition":"The protective care or guardianship of someone or something, especially a child.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"custodia","language_family":"latin","root":"custodia","root_meaning":"a guarding, keeping","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"custody","meaning":"protective care","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"custodie","meaning":"guardianship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"custodia","meaning":"a guarding, keeping","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"custos","meaning":"guard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["custodian","custodial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guardianship","formality":"formal"},{"word":"care","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safekeeping","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"eda06d7f-7bb2-4d57-965e-62d7e544f4c3","word":"custom","definition":"A traditional practice or habitual buying of goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"costumbre","language_family":"french","root":"costume","root_meaning":"habit, practice","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cōnsuētūdinem","meaning":"Habit, usage, way of life.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"costume","meaning":"Habit, practice, fashion.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"custom","meaning":"A habitual practice, tradition.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"costumbre","meaning":"Custom, habit.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["customer","customary","accustom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tradition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convention","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"d2dbd187-a868-4f7f-8ccb-e6ec4e26533e","word":"customary","definition":"Usual or established by common practice.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"consuetudinario","language_family":"latin","root":"consuetudo","root_meaning":"habit, usage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"customary","meaning":"Usual or established by common practice.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"custom","meaning":"habit, practice, established usage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"custume","meaning":"custom, usage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consuetudo","meaning":"habit, usage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ary","meaning":"adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["custom","customize","customarily","accustomed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"usual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conventional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"habitual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"2f37d6eb-66e1-430a-be30-de1798faec7c","word":"customer","definition":"A person who buys goods or services from a business.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cliente","language_family":"french","root":"costume","root_meaning":"habit, practice, custom","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"customer","meaning":"one who makes purchases regularly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"custome","meaning":"habit, regular practice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consuetudinem","meaning":"custom, habit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["custom","customary","accustom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"client","formality":"formal"},{"word":"buyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patron","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"a7447c07-b2eb-4eab-a80a-41e26787d757","word":"customers","definition":"People who buy goods or services from a business.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cliente","language_family":"latin","root":"customarius","root_meaning":"one subject to custom duty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"customers","meaning":"people who buy goods","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"customer","meaning":"one who buys regularly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"customarius","meaning":"subject to custom duty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["customer","customary","custom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clients","formality":"formal"},{"word":"buyers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patrons","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"d1587190-5e2d-4a10-9ca9-7089048ce811","word":"customise","definition":"To modify something to suit a particular individual or task.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"costumbrar","language_family":"french","root":"custom","root_meaning":"habit, practice","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"customise","meaning":"to adapt to a particular customer","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"custom","meaning":"habit, practice","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"costume","meaning":"habit, practice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consuetudo","meaning":"custom, habit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ise","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["custom","customer","customary","customization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tailor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adapt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"personalize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"8751be52-ab1c-43c1-9de4-e145b6ad85c8","word":"customize","definition":"To modify something to suit a particular individual or task.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"costumbre","language_family":"latin","root":"consuetudo","root_meaning":"custom, habit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"customize","meaning":"to modify to suit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"custom","meaning":"a habitual practice","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"custume","meaning":"habit, practice","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"costuma","meaning":"custom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"consuetudo","meaning":"habit, custom, usage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["custom","accustomed","costume","consueutude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"personalize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tailor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adapt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"2beab21f-3861-4f1e-89bb-ffcafac797b6","word":"cut","definition":"To make an opening, incision, or wound with a sharp-edged tool.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cortar","language_family":"norse","root":"kytja","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"cut","meaning":"To sever with a sharp edge.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cut","meaning":"To make an incision.","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"kytja","meaning":"To cut.","language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["cutback","shortcut","haircut","undercut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sever","formality":"formal"},{"word":"slice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"b9229c45-9895-4765-b964-eb113a7101ba","word":"cute","definition":"Attractive in a pretty or endearing way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"acutus","root_meaning":"sharpened, pointed, keen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cute","meaning":"Attractive in a pretty or endearing way.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"acute","meaning":"sharp, clever, shrewd","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acutus","meaning":"sharpened, pointed, keen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acuere","meaning":"to sharpen","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*h₂eḱ-","meaning":"sharp, pointed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acuity","acumen","acupuncture","cuteness","acrimony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adorable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lovable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"fbc0653b-1704-4319-9b17-a4b7162d2d72","word":"cutie","definition":"An attractive and charming person, especially a girl or young woman, or an appealing animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"acutus","root_meaning":"sharp, pointed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cutie","meaning":"attractive person/animal","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"cute","meaning":"attractive, charming","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"acute","meaning":"sharp, keen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acutus","meaning":"sharp, pointed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English (shortening of acute)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cute","acute","acumen","acupuncture","acuity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"darling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charmer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"602b83b6-50ec-40b4-925a-8fb902f3bf22","word":"cutter","definition":"A person or thing that cuts something, or a small, fast boat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cyttan","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gewd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cutter","meaning":"person/thing that cuts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cut","meaning":"to cut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyttan","meaning":"to cut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*keutaną","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cut","cutting","cutout","haircut","butcher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slicer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"d512511e-7248-40c2-a528-0f20890b8ea0","word":"cvs","definition":"Plural of CV; documents summarizing a person's educational background and professional experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"curriculum vitae","root_meaning":"course of life","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cvs","meaning":"curricula vitae documents","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"CV","meaning":"curriculum vitae abbreviation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"curriculum vitae","meaning":"course of life","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["curriculum","vitae","resume","CV"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resumes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curricula vitae","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vitaes","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.146Z"}
{"id":"6dc94b25-07a5-40db-87b0-7e10f96e3b32","word":"cyanide","definition":"A toxic compound or ion containing the cyanide group, CN−.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cianuro","language_family":"greek","root":"kyanos","root_meaning":"dark blue; dark-colored","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cyanide","meaning":"a toxic compound or ion containing the cyanide group, CN−","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"cyan-","meaning":"relating to cyan or blue compounds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kyanos","meaning":"dark blue; dark-colored","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English scientific combining form"},{"era":"1800s","word":"-ide","meaning":"chemical salt or anion suffix","children":[],"language":"English chemical suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cyan","cyanic","cyanogen","cyanate","cyano"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cyano compound","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cyanogen compound","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cyanide ion","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"669a768b-6421-4e31-9deb-b28965fb595d","word":"cyber","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of the culture of computer, information technology, and virtual reality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cibernético","language_family":"greek","root":"kybernētēs","root_meaning":"steersman, governor","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cyber","meaning":"Relating to or characteristic of computer technology.","children":[{"era":"1948","word":"cybernetics","meaning":"the science of communication and control in animals and machines","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"kybernētēs","meaning":"steersman, governor","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cybernetics","cyberspace","cyborg","cyberpunk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"digital","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"electronic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"9132c61a-16ba-4c8c-99ad-b390216d0d53","word":"cyborg","definition":"A cyborg is a human or other organism that has been augmented with integrated machine parts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"cybernetic + organism","root_meaning":"man-machine hybrid","root_language":"English","root_era":"1960","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cyborg","meaning":"human-machine hybrid","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"cybernetic","meaning":"relating to control and communication in machines and living things","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"organism","meaning":"a living being or organized whole","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cybernetic","cybernetics","organism","bionic","android"],"synonyms":[{"word":"android","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bionic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mechanoid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"7563e1ce-94f8-47b8-80b7-7584aeab2187","word":"cycle","definition":"A series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ciclo","language_family":"greek","root":"kyklos","root_meaning":"circle, wheel","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"kýklos (κύκλος)","meaning":"Circle, ring, wheel.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"cycle","meaning":"A recurring series or circle.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"ciclo","meaning":"Cycle.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["bicycle","cyclone","encyclopedia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rotation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"recurrence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"83755200-53cf-400f-97a6-19711d69e878","word":"cylinder","definition":"A solid geometric figure with two parallel circular bases and a curved surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cilindro","language_family":"greek","root":"kylindros","root_meaning":"roller, something rolled","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"cylinder","meaning":"a geometric shape","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"cylindre","meaning":"cylinder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cylindrus","meaning":"cylinder, roller","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kylindros","meaning":"roller, something rolled","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roll","cycle","revolve","helix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tube","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shaft","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"1e3523cd-c9b1-403a-aaf9-78c4e32d85a4","word":"cynic","definition":"A person who believes people are motivated purely by self-interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cínico","language_family":"greek","root":"kynikos","root_meaning":"dog-like","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"kyōn","meaning":"Dog.","children":[{"era":"~400 BC","word":"kynikos","meaning":"Dog-like; member of the Cynic school.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cynicus","meaning":"Follower of the Cynics.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"cynic","meaning":"Skeptic of human motives.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"cínico","meaning":"Cynic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["cynical","cynicism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skeptic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pessimist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doubter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"48ab3b23-dde7-4757-b12e-f3050c700781","word":"cynical","definition":"Believing that people are motivated purely by self-interest; distrustful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cínico","language_family":"greek","root":"kynikos","root_meaning":"dog-like","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"kynikós (κυνικός)","meaning":"Dog-like. The Cynic philosophers lived like dogs, rejecting convention. From kyōn (dog).","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"cynical","meaning":"Distrustful of human motives.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"cínico","meaning":"Cynical.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["cynic","cynicism","canine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skeptical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distrustful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jaded","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f694901a-50c5-476a-bc41-4647c9c67a97","word":"czech","definition":"A native or inhabitant of the Czech Republic, or their language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"checo","language_family":"other","root":"Čech","root_meaning":"a member of the West Slavic tribe","root_language":"Old Czech","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Czech","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Čech","meaning":"founder of the Czech nation or member of the tribe","children":[],"language":"Old Czech"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Bohemia","Moravia","Czechoslovakia","Slav"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Bohemian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Czechian","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"167384db-433a-44fa-8317-3858389b3e60","word":"dad","definition":"One's father.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dad","meaning":"Father","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"dad","meaning":"Child's word for father","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"dada","meaning":"Imitation of early speech sounds","children":[],"language":"Child's imitative word"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["daddy","father","pa","pop","dads"],"synonyms":[{"word":"father","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pa","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"b202a584-897f-41b5-b581-3fa71662f23f","word":"daft","definition":"Showing foolish, playful, or mildly absurd behavior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gedæft","root_meaning":"fit, proper, gentle, meek","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"daft","meaning":"foolish or silly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"daft(e)","meaning":"gentle, mild, foolish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gedæft","meaning":"fit, proper, gentle, meek","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["daffy","daftly","daftness","deft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foolish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absurd","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dim","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"0950c246-81c5-4cdf-83a5-460c3ff2f894","word":"dagger","definition":"A short knife with a pointed, often double-edged blade, used as a weapon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"dagge","root_meaning":"dagger","root_language":"Old French (uncertain origin)","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dagger","meaning":"short weapon knife","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dagger","meaning":"dagger","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dagge","meaning":"dagger","children":[],"language":"Old French (uncertain origin)"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dirk","poniard","stiletto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weapon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"fe5feb54-00c7-420e-8980-b5a6392b2b1d","word":"daily","definition":"Occurring or done every day or relating to each day.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"daeg","root_meaning":"day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dagh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"daily","meaning":"occurring every day","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"daily","meaning":"of or relating to a day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"daeg","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["day","daylight","today","daybreak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"everyday","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diurnal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"quotidian","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"b680836e-687d-48d0-879e-7e6224a67ba1","word":"dairy","definition":"A building, room, or establishment for the storage, processing, and distribution of milk and milk products.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deye","root_meaning":"female servant who makes butter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dheigh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dairy","meaning":"A building, room, or establishment for the storage, processing, and distribution of milk and milk products.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"deierie","meaning":"dairy farm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deye","meaning":"female servant who makes butter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dough","diet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creamery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"milkhouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"e381604a-ba2e-413f-ae31-182323690d7b","word":"daisy","definition":"A small European plant of the dandelion family, having a flower with a yellow disk and white rays.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dæges ēage","root_meaning":"day's eye","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"daisy","meaning":"a flower","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"dayesye","meaning":"day's eye","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæges ēage","meaning":"day's eye","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæg","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēage","meaning":"eye","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["day","eye","eyesight","sunflower"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blossom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"1bbe6de8-a1d5-43b0-9fb2-20ae7d52bca0","word":"dakota","definition":"A region in the northern United States comprising North Dakota and South Dakota, named from a Native American people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Dakota","root_meaning":"allies or friends","root_language":"Siouan (Native American)","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Dakota","meaning":"a U.S. region","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Dakota","meaning":"allies, friends","children":[],"language":"Siouan"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["North Dakota","South Dakota","Dakotan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Great Plains region","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Northern states","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"0b2607bc-b39f-4950-9346-80d501d74da3","word":"dale","definition":"A valley, typically a broad one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dal","root_meaning":"valley","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dalą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dale","meaning":"a valley","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæl","meaning":"valley, dell","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dalą","meaning":"valley","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valley","dell","glen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"valley","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dell","formality":"literary"},{"word":"glen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hollow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"af8a34ad-215f-4544-8155-c9f43e9f19f6","word":"dallas","definition":"A city in Texas, United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Dallas","root_meaning":"place name, possibly from Scots surname","root_language":"English/Scots","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Dallas","meaning":"city in Texas","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Dallas","meaning":"proper noun, city name","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Dallasite","Dallas-Fort Worth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Big D","formality":"informal"},{"word":"City of Dallas","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"135200f0-6ef3-40d6-9b4a-393dd0bfe00b","word":"dam","definition":"A barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dam","root_meaning":"barrier, embankment","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*damma","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dam","meaning":"barrier for water","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dam","meaning":"barrier","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dam","meaning":"barrier","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*damma","meaning":"barrier","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dike","embankment","wall","levee","beaver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"barrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weir","formality":"technical"},{"word":"embankment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"8b41ae62-c9d8-449d-b1f6-89563dbeb175","word":"damage","definition":"Physical harm that impairs value or usefulness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"daño","language_family":"french","root":"damage","root_meaning":"loss, injury","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"damnum","meaning":"Loss, hurt, damage.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"damage","meaning":"Loss, injury, harm.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"damage","meaning":"Harm, injury.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"daño","meaning":"Damage, harm.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["damaged","damaging","undamaged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destruction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"057c1804-c3c0-4d2e-b55d-f5bb91abab09","word":"dame","definition":"A title formerly used for a woman of rank or authority, now used as a courtesy title for the wife of a knight or baronet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dama","language_family":"french","root":"domina","root_meaning":"mistress, lady","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dame","meaning":"lady of rank","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dame","meaning":"mistress, lady","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"domina","meaning":"mistress, lady","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["madam","dominatrix","dominion","domicile","dominus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"madam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matron","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"dda27301-cbb4-48e2-a03c-64c8c7b0f2a4","word":"dammit","definition":"An exclamation of anger or frustration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"God damn it","root_meaning":"condemn, doom","root_language":"English colloquialism","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dammit","meaning":"exclamation of anger","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"damn it","meaning":"command to damn something","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"damn","meaning":"to condemn","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"damner","meaning":"to condemn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"damnare","meaning":"to condemn, to doom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["damn","damnation","damned","damning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blast","formality":"informal"},{"word":"curse it","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"1f7eee9d-ce4c-45b8-9914-570929281545","word":"damn","definition":"To condemn to a particular fate, especially to hell; used as an expletive to express anger or frustration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"dañar","language_family":"latin","root":"damnare","root_meaning":"to condemn, to harm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"damn","meaning":"to condemn, expletive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"damner","meaning":"to condemn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"damnare","meaning":"to condemn, to harm, to injure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"damnum","meaning":"damage, loss, injury","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["damage","condemn","indemnity","damnation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blast","formality":"informal"},{"word":"condemn","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bother","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"132998a6-edb6-428b-99fb-f969b8474265","word":"damp","definition":"Slightly wet; humid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"damp","root_meaning":"vapor, moisture","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"damp","meaning":"slightly wet","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"damp","meaning":"vapor, smoke","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"damph","meaning":"vapor","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dampen","vapor","steam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clammy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"5ee9b3df-2064-450a-b1f3-0175045a2b77","word":"damsel","definition":"A young woman, especially one of noble birth or a maiden in distress, chiefly used in literary, archaic, or fairy-tale contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"doncella","language_family":"french","root":"domina","root_meaning":"lady, mistress, noblewoman","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*domo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"damsel","meaning":"a young noblewoman or maiden","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"damesel / damisel","meaning":"young noblewoman, girl of gentle birth","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dameisele / demoisele","meaning":"young noblewoman, maiden","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"dominicella","meaning":"little mistress (diminutive of domina)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"domina","meaning":"lady, mistress, female head of household","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dame","dominion","mademoiselle","madonna","domain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maiden","formality":"literary"},{"word":"maid","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"miss","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"7453ce77-bbf7-469f-8cee-606437bc6cdc","word":"dan","definition":"A title of respect or a rank in martial arts indicating advanced proficiency.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"dan","root_meaning":"rank, step, level","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dan","meaning":"martial arts rank","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"dan","meaning":"level or rank in martial arts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"段","meaning":"step, rank, level","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"English (borrowed)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["black belt","judo dan","karate dan","rank","belt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grade","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"d30dd804-4b03-4b74-bb2f-6b5cf4119cea","word":"dance","definition":"To move rhythmically to music.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"danza","language_family":"french","root":"dancier","root_meaning":"to dance","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 AD","word":"*dantiāre","meaning":"To stretch, move rhythmically.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dancier","meaning":"To dance.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dance","meaning":"To move rhythmically.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"danza","meaning":"Dance.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin/Frankish"},"related_words":["dancer","dancing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"waltz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boogie","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"d1462811-2278-475a-8500-903384a73741","word":"dancer","definition":"A person who dances, especially professionally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"dansour","root_meaning":"dancer","root_language":"Anglo-French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dancer","meaning":"one who dances","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dauncer","meaning":"one who dances","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dansour","meaning":"dancer","children":[],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dance","dancing","dancy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choreographer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ballerina","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"22f839df-25be-4c11-8255-1590a85cbc27","word":"danger","definition":"The possibility of suffering harm or injury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"peligro","language_family":"french","root":"dangier","root_meaning":"power of a lord, power to harm","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"danger","meaning":"Risk of harm.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"danger","meaning":"Power, jurisdiction; then peril.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dangier","meaning":"Power of a lord, power to harm.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"dominium","meaning":"Lordship, power.","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["dangerous","endanger","endangered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peril","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hazard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"risk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"7c2eeb9b-08de-4d36-a569-259e5ef1d94f","word":"daniel","definition":"A proper name, commonly used as a given name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Daniel","language_family":"other","root":"Daniel","root_meaning":"God is my judge (Hebrew)","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"biblical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Daniel","meaning":"a given name","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Daniel","meaning":"God is my judge","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"Daniyyel","meaning":"God (El) is my judge (dan)","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Danielle","Dan","Danny","Daniels"],"synonyms":[{"word":"given name","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"8b0906e8-df56-4d39-a015-aa80f42b138f","word":"danish","definition":"Pertaining to Denmark, its people, or its language, or a type of sweet pastry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"danés","language_family":"germanic","root":"Dan","root_meaning":"people of Denmark","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"danish","meaning":"A type of sweet pastry or pertaining to Denmark.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Dansk","meaning":"Danish (people)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Danar","meaning":"Danes","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Denmark","Dane","Scandinavian","Norse","pastry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Danish pastry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweet roll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Nordic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"c22494a5-3254-492b-9642-b88a44211898","word":"daphne","definition":"A genus of small deciduous or evergreen shrubs of the family Thymelaeaceae, having fragrant flowers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Δάφνη (Daphnē)","root_meaning":"laurel, bay tree","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"daphne","meaning":"A genus of small shrubs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"daphne","meaning":"laurel, bay tree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"δάφνη (daphnē)","meaning":"laurel, bay tree","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laurel","bay","daphnoid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"laurel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bay","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"0c467508-38cf-4324-a236-29ce44ca0b57","word":"dare","definition":"To have the courage to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"atreverse","language_family":"french","root":"oser","root_meaning":"to dare, venture","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"ausāre","meaning":"To dare, venture, from audēre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"oser","meaning":"To dare, venture, be bold.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dare","meaning":"To have courage to do.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"atreverse","meaning":"To dare.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["daring","daredevil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"venture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presume","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"0606a6ca-4249-43c2-b01c-bd03d06ee0ec","word":"dark","definition":"With little or no light; mysterious or sinister","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deorc","root_meaning":"dark, obscure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*derkaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dark","meaning":"lacking light; gloomy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deorc","meaning":"dark, obscure, gloomy","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*derkaz","meaning":"dark","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["darken","darkness","darkroom","pitch-dark","dark-matter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obscure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gloomy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"e8afc362-761d-40c8-8844-093ed90a51b1","word":"darkness","definition":"The partial or total absence of light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deorcnes","root_meaning":"state of being dark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*derk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"darkness","meaning":"the partial or total absence of light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deorcnes","meaning":"darkness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deorc","meaning":"dark","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-nes","meaning":"suffix for state or quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dark","darken","murky","dim"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gloom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dimness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obscurity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"d18896f5-1e4d-4a4c-82fe-4a81de83e3e6","word":"darling","definition":"A person who is loved, especially in a fond or endearing way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dēorling","root_meaning":"dear one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deuraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"darling","meaning":"a beloved person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dēorling","meaning":"dear one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dēore","meaning":"dear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*deuraz","meaning":"dear, precious","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dear","endear","dearth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beloved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"love","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"2a946ff0-7242-43ad-8265-1564720119ed","word":"darn","definition":"To mend (fabric or a garment) by interweaving yarn or thread across a hole.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dernen","root_meaning":"to hide, to mend","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"darn","meaning":"to mend fabric","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dernen","meaning":"to hide, to mend (uncertain origin)","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["darning","darner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"7c199774-fdf2-4ae0-9bca-f4b4c6d140ac","word":"dart","definition":"A small pointed missile thrown by hand or shot from a blowpipe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *darothuz","root_meaning":"spear, dart","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dart","meaning":"a small pointed missile thrown by hand or shot from a blowpipe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*darothuz","meaning":"spear, dart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["darting","dartboard","darter","javelin","spear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"javelin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"missile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"545662ea-406a-44ff-9045-908674a5c2ae","word":"dash","definition":"to strike or smash violently, especially so as to break into pieces.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"dasca","root_meaning":"to strike, to beat","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dash","meaning":"strike violently","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*dacher","meaning":"to strike (hypothetical)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dasca","meaning":"to strike, to beat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dashed","dashing","abashed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"56f020cc-fa7e-4274-998b-ef682d245e50","word":"data","definition":"Facts and statistics collected for analysis.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"datos","language_family":"latin","root":"datum","root_meaning":"something given","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"datum","meaning":"Something given, a gift.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"data","meaning":"Facts given for analysis.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"datos","meaning":"Data, facts.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["database","datum","date"],"synonyms":[{"word":"information","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statistics","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a524265a-8289-4116-a355-bbdbade3e5fa","word":"database","definition":"An organized collection of structured data stored and accessed electronically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"data + base","root_meaning":"information + foundation","root_language":"Latin + Germanic","root_era":"1960s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"database","meaning":"organized collection of electronic data","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"data","meaning":"things given","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"datum","meaning":"given thing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"base","meaning":"foundation, bottom","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["data","base","databases","databank"],"synonyms":[{"word":"repository","formality":"formal"},{"word":"databank","formality":"technical"},{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"34cb5b4e-8fee-4824-ab2d-5af3f4ea31b4","word":"date","definition":"A particular day of the month or year; a romantic social appointment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"data","language_family":"latin","root":"data","root_meaning":"given","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"date","meaning":"day or romantic appointment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"date","meaning":"day, date","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"data","meaning":"given","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*deh₃-","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dated","dating","update","data"],"synonyms":[{"word":"day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appointment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rendezvous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outing","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"7ccbe6ae-5965-4597-aa5b-bdd485b81d23","word":"dates","definition":"Plural of date; specific days in the calendar or sweet edible fruits from palm trees.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"datas","language_family":"latin","root":"datus","root_meaning":"given, from dare to give","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dates","meaning":"calendar days or palm fruits","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"date","meaning":"specified day; palm fruit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"data","meaning":"given things, things given","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"datus","meaning":"given","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["date","data","dated","dating","antedate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"days","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occasions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fruits","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"ce9b4de7-7edc-4bb1-908f-0f9bb7eb391e","word":"dating","definition":"The process of establishing the age of something; or spending time with someone romantically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"datación","language_family":"latin","root":"data","root_meaning":"things given, dates","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dating","meaning":"establishing age or romantic involvement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"date","meaning":"point in time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"data","meaning":"things given","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["date","dated","antedating","predating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courting","formality":"formal"},{"word":"determining age","formality":"technical"},{"word":"going out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"201ad19c-96fe-4053-bece-727b7e15ff46","word":"datum","definition":"A piece of information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dato","language_family":"latin","root":"datum","root_meaning":"something given","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*do-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"datum","meaning":"a piece of information","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"datum","meaning":"something given","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dare","meaning":"to give","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*do-","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["date","donate","donor","dative","rendition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"information","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"be7f112f-1291-4de3-be61-f845dd58674e","word":"daughter","definition":"A girl or woman in relation to her parents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hija","language_family":"germanic","root":"dohtor","root_meaning":"daughter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*dhugHter-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"daughter","meaning":"Female child of a parent.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"dohtor","meaning":"Daughter.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*dhugHter-","meaning":"Daughter (possibly 'the milker').","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["granddaughter","goddaughter","stepdaughter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offspring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"girl","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"dddd94f1-6d20-48bc-aa90-60a6e0904fc6","word":"davenport","definition":"A large sofa, especially a formal one, or a small writing desk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"davenport","meaning":"a sofa or writing desk","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"Davenport","meaning":"the surname of furniture maker A. H. Davenport","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Davenport","davenports","Davenportian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sofa","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"couch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"be987a57-fc90-47b7-956d-c6134c1f0d3b","word":"david","definition":"A male given name of Hebrew origin, traditionally referring to the biblical king.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"David","language_family":"other","root":"Dawid","root_meaning":"beloved","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"David","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"historical","word":"David","meaning":"the biblical king","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Dawid","meaning":"beloved","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Davide","Davidic","Davidson","Davies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Dave","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Davy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Davidson","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"2ede3ea6-f526-4e29-bb2b-65412a18b7d7","word":"davis","definition":"A proper name, commonly used as a surname.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"David","root_meaning":"beloved (Hebrew origin, but adopted into English)","root_language":"Hebrew via English","root_era":"biblical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Davis","meaning":"patronymic surname, son of David","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Davis","meaning":"son of David (David's son)","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"David","meaning":"beloved","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["David","Davison","Davidic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"a6bd8160-0b87-47cf-9615-b2a7048cff84","word":"dawn","definition":"The first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dagian","root_meaning":"become day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*agh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dawn","meaning":"First light before sunrise","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"dawe","meaning":"to become day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dagian","meaning":"to become day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["day","daily","daylight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daybreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sunrise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aurora","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"e0b326e1-bc5c-4524-95c7-533c0be31203","word":"day","definition":"A period of 24 hours from midnight to midnight; the light hours when the sun is above the horizon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"día","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English dæg","root_meaning":"day, daylight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhegwh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"day","meaning":"24-hour period","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæg","meaning":"day","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*dhegwh-","meaning":"to burn, heat; daylight","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["daily","daytime","daylight","nowadays"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daylight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twenty-four hours","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diurnal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"b273ae9c-d21d-4b95-90b7-9991c49d6f92","word":"daylight","definition":"The natural light of the day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dæg","root_meaning":"day light","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰegʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"daylight","meaning":"natural light of day","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"day light","meaning":"light of day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæg","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leoht","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["day","light","dawn","sunlight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daybreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sunshine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"a4fab7c0-2475-40a3-b812-041055cb7175","word":"days","definition":"Periods of 24 hours; plural of day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"días","language_family":"germanic","root":"dæg","root_meaning":"day, a 24-hour period","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰeg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"days","meaning":"plural 24-hour periods","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"day","meaning":"period of 24 hours","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæg","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["day","daily","daylight","daytime","today"],"synonyms":[{"word":"24-hour periods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dates","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"934d53ba-fea1-4393-8814-3bdff831d229","word":"daytime","definition":"The period of time during which there is natural light from the sun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dæġtīma","root_meaning":"day time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰegʷʰ-, *deh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"daytime","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæġtīma","meaning":"day time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["day","time","daily","today","daylight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daylight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waking hours","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"836f7402-ab30-422e-8f32-d49c8967cc48","word":"dazzle","definition":"To blind or overwhelm briefly with intense light, brilliance, or charm.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dazzle","meaning":"to blind or overwhelm briefly with brilliance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Middle English dazelen / daselen","meaning":"to dim, bewilder, or stupefy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"daze","meaning":"to stun or confuse","children":[],"language":"Middle English / Modern English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["daze","dazzled","dazzling","dazzler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bedazzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overwhelm","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"f385e769-4495-480c-b637-5b968f9635c3","word":"deacon","definition":"An ordained minister in the Catholic, Anglican, and Orthodox Churches, ranking below a priest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diácono","language_family":"greek","root":"diakonos","root_meaning":"servant, minister","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deacon","meaning":"An ordained minister ranking below a priest.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"deken","meaning":"deacon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diaconus","meaning":"deacon, minister","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"διάκονος (diakonos)","meaning":"servant, minister","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diaconal","archdeacon","diaconate","minister"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clergyman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preacher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"38e7d2a4-04a3-4dba-b010-832050839deb","word":"dead","definition":"No longer alive; deprived of life.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dead","root_meaning":"deprived of life","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dheu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dead","meaning":"not alive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dead","meaning":"deprived of life","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*dheu-","meaning":"to die, perish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["death","deadly","deaden","dead-end"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deceased","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lifeless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expired","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"d4a67f06-43c2-47c0-b370-ecf739997553","word":"deadly","definition":"Causing or able to cause death.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deað, -lic","root_meaning":"death, like","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dauþuz, *-līkaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deadly","meaning":"causing death","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deaðlic","meaning":"mortal, subject to death","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deað","meaning":"death","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dauþuz","meaning":"death","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-lic","meaning":"like","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*līkaz","meaning":"body, shape","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["death","dead","demise","lethal","mortal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fatal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lethal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mortal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pernicious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"13910ab7-3539-47f3-8abb-758675a15af5","word":"deaf","definition":"Lacking the power of hearing or having impaired hearing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deaf","root_meaning":"deaf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*daubaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deaf","meaning":"Lacking hearing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deaf","meaning":"deaf","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*daubaz","meaning":"deaf","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deafen","deafness","dull","dumb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hard of hearing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hearing impaired","formality":"technical"},{"word":"unhearing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"28c0c6c5-5fe2-4863-be5d-cabd9ada4375","word":"deal","definition":"To take action; an agreement; a transaction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"tratar","language_family":"germanic","root":"dǣlan","root_meaning":"to divide, to share","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*dail-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"deal","meaning":"To distribute; a business transaction.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"dǣlan","meaning":"To divide, to distribute.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*dail-","meaning":"Division, share.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["dealer","dealing","ordeal","deal-breaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"negotiate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"agreement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"8b28f663-26bb-4c53-bf24-9fc3fb10da2e","word":"dealer","definition":"A person who buys and sells goods or commodities, especially illegally or professionally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dael","root_meaning":"to divide, distribute","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dailaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dealer","meaning":"one who deals","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"deal","meaning":"to distribute, trade, or handle","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"dael","meaning":"to divide, distribute","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dailaz","meaning":"divided, apportioned","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deal","dealing","dealt","dealer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vendor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merchant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"3a995007-5b89-4185-b27c-b975ced21699","word":"deals","definition":"Agreements, arrangements, or the distribution of cards in a game.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deal","root_meaning":"to divide, distribute","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dail-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deals","meaning":"agreements or distributions","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deal","meaning":"to divide, part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæl","meaning":"part, portion","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deal","dealer","dealing","dealt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreements","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangements","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transactions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bargains","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"25595a60-e9f7-475b-abac-817d7fe922ca","word":"dean","definition":"A head of a college or university faculty or department.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"deán","language_family":"latin","root":"decanus","root_meaning":"chief of ten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dekm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dean","meaning":"A head of a college or university faculty or department.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deen","meaning":"head of ten (monks)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decanus","meaning":"chief of ten (soldiers or monks)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decem","meaning":"ten","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dekm̥","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decade","decimal","decimate","deacon","decathlon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"head","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"c671a623-8952-49bf-a77f-34280510486c","word":"dear","definition":"Regarded with deep affection; cherished.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deore","root_meaning":"precious, valuable, loved","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deuraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dear","meaning":"regarded with affection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deore","meaning":"precious, valuable, loved","children":[{"era":"pre-400","word":"*deuraz","meaning":"dear, expensive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dearly","dearth","endear","darling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beloved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cherished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expensive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"c11be9a5-c24c-43fb-8f89-95520065a22d","word":"dearly","definition":"With deep affection; at a great cost.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deore","root_meaning":"precious, valuable, beloved","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deuros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dearly","meaning":"With deep affection; at a great cost","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dear","meaning":"precious, beloved","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*deuros","meaning":"firm, solid, strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dear","endear","dearth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fondly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expensively","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affectionately","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"3a90fca2-b839-4c82-a511-e9b188cab1d0","word":"death","definition":"The end of the life of a person or organism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"muerte","language_family":"germanic","root":"dēaþ","root_meaning":"death","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*dhew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"death","meaning":"The end of life.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"dēaþ","meaning":"Death.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*dhew-","meaning":"To die, to become senseless.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["dead","deadly","die","deathly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"passing","formality":"euphemistic"},{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"6c240d4a-d888-4de4-bdf5-ae54d958afc7","word":"deb","definition":"A debutante; a young woman making her formal entry into society.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"débuter","root_meaning":"to make one's first move, to begin","root_language":"French","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deb","meaning":"a debutante","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"debutante","meaning":"young woman making her first appearance in society","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"débutante","meaning":"female participant in a game or contest","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"débuter","meaning":"to make one's first move, to begin","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["debut","debutante","début"],"synonyms":[{"word":"debutante","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"socialite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ingénue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"6c06a738-830f-42d4-b383-449e6a9152de","word":"debra","definition":"A female given name, an Americanized variant of Deborah.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Dvora","root_meaning":"bee","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Debra","meaning":"female name","children":[{"era":"biblical/current","word":"Deborah","meaning":"bee","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Dvora","meaning":"bee","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Hebrew/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Deborah","bee","Debby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"given name","formality":"technical"},{"word":"first name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moniker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"0d31957c-28e3-4dd5-b10b-4bcedaa86383","word":"debris","definition":"Debris is scattered broken pieces or remains left after something is damaged or destroyed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"briser","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"debris","meaning":"scattered broken pieces or remains","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"débris","meaning":"broken pieces; rubble","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"débriser","meaning":"to break apart","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"briser","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["debris field","debris cloud","debris-covered","debris-laden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rubble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wreckage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detritus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"d506b52c-a876-4ff9-a21e-2477a4929dd6","word":"debt","definition":"Something owed, especially money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"deuda","language_family":"french","root":"dette","root_meaning":"something owed","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēbitum","meaning":"Something owed, from dēbēre (to owe).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dette","meaning":"Something owed, obligation.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"debt","meaning":"Money owed.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"deuda","meaning":"Debt.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["debtor","indebted","debit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obligation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"liability","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"1db003e0-293c-4d6b-b545-cf85d9ac6cd6","word":"debut","definition":"A person's first appearance or performance in public.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"debut","language_family":"french","root":"début","root_meaning":"first stroke, first appearance","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"but","meaning":"Goal, mark, target.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"débuter","meaning":"To lead off, make a first stroke.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"début","meaning":"First appearance.","children":[{"era":"1750s","word":"debut","meaning":"First public appearance.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"debut","meaning":"First appearance.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Old French"},"related_words":["debutante","debuting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"premiere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"launch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kickoff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"76289880-a136-4ede-b8a7-f300d09db0a1","word":"debutante","definition":"A young woman making her first formal appearance in society.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"debutante","language_family":"french","root":"débutante","root_meaning":"one making her first appearance","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"débuter","meaning":"To lead off, make a first stroke.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"débutante","meaning":"Female making a first appearance.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"debutante","meaning":"Young woman entering society.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"debutante","meaning":"Debutante, first-timer.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"},"related_words":["debut","debutant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"newcomer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ingénue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rookie","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"07ee1349-90bb-4cc7-b0b6-cc60e47a453c","word":"dec","definition":"Abbreviation for December, the twelfth month of the Gregorian calendar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dic.","language_family":"latin","root":"decem","root_meaning":"ten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dekm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dec","meaning":"abbreviation for December","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"December","meaning":"tenth month in Roman calendar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decem","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["December","decimal","decimate","decade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"December","formality":"formal"},{"word":"twelfth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"aae8745c-cd49-4fd6-8b83-d217b3d8cbb1","word":"decade","definition":"A period of ten years.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"década","language_family":"greek","root":"dekas","root_meaning":"group of ten","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":"*dekm","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decade","meaning":"a period of ten years","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"décade","meaning":"decade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dekas","meaning":"group of ten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*dekm","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decathlon","decimal","decimate","ten","deca-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ten years","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decennium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"7bd31157-6aa7-43f2-8b36-39bf25ce28e3","word":"decease","definition":"A person's death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"deceso","language_family":"french","root":"decessus","root_meaning":"departure, death","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decease","meaning":"death","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deces","meaning":"death","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decessus","meaning":"departure, death","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cede","recession","succession","intercede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"death","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"passing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"578efcf1-6960-4064-ac35-4ae69650ab7d","word":"deceive","definition":"To cause someone to believe something that is not true.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"engañar","language_family":"french","root":"deceveir","root_meaning":"to trick, mislead","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēcipere","meaning":"To ensnare, cheat, from de + capere (to take).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"deceveir","meaning":"To trick, mislead, cheat.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deceive","meaning":"To mislead, trick.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"engañar","meaning":"To deceive.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["deception","deceit","deceptive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mislead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"00e47440-39ed-47e2-a361-a880ffde686e","word":"december","definition":"The twelfth and final month of the calendar year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diciembre","language_family":"latin","root":"december","root_meaning":"the tenth month (from Latin decem, ten)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dekm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"December","meaning":"the twelfth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"december","meaning":"the tenth month (originally)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decem","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["December","decem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Dec.","formality":"informal"},{"word":"twelfth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"92d9d50c-b6b0-4d5c-9643-5fa4a13b37ce","word":"decency","definition":"Behavior that conforms to accepted standards of morality or respectability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"decencia","language_family":"latin","root":"decens","root_meaning":"fitting, proper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decency","meaning":"quality of being decent","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"decent + -cy","meaning":"fitting + state of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decens","meaning":"fitting, proper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decent","decorum","dignify","dignity","behave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"propriety","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decorum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"modesty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"0df9525f-fe8d-4033-a898-1c8d84181067","word":"decent","definition":"Conforming to standards of propriety or good taste; respectable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"decente","language_family":"latin","root":"decens","root_meaning":"becoming, fitting, proper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decent","meaning":"conforming to propriety","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"decent","meaning":"fitting, proper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decens","meaning":"becoming, fitting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*dek-","meaning":"to take, accept, seem suitable","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decorum","decorate","dignity","docent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"respectable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seemly","formality":"literary"},{"word":"appropriate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"8a901bfc-d655-4a52-9a32-8381b95e8c3b","word":"deception","definition":"The act of causing someone to believe something that is not true.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"decepción","language_family":"latin","root":"deceptio","root_meaning":"a deceiving, cheating","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deception","meaning":"The act of deceiving","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deception","meaning":"deceit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deceptio","meaning":"a deceiving, cheating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decipere","meaning":"to entrap, ensnare, beguile, cheat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deceive","deceitful","deceptive","deceiver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fraud","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trickery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guile","formality":"literary"},{"word":"chicanery","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"4d5e15f4-aead-4e6b-a0a2-8a40cdc92c91","word":"decide","definition":"To make a choice or come to a conclusion","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"decidir","language_family":"latin","root":"decidere","root_meaning":"to cut off, determine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*de- + caedere","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"decide","meaning":"to make a choice; to determine","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"décider","meaning":"to decide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decidere","meaning":"to cut off, determine, settle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decided","deciding","decision","undecided","decisive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"determine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resolve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"7471168d-5193-41ef-b14e-9a5deb1e5880","word":"decided","definition":"Made a final choice or determination about something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"decidido","language_family":"latin","root":"decidere","root_meaning":"to cut off, determine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decided","meaning":"made a final choice","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"decide","meaning":"to settle, determine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decidere","meaning":"to cut off, resolve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de- + caedere","meaning":"off + cut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decide","decision","decisive","decidedly","indecisive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"determined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolved","formality":"formal"},{"word":"settled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"12afc2b3-85aa-4439-8619-acfc78b33dc4","word":"decimal","definition":"Relating to or denoting a system of numbers or measurement based on a scale of ten.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"decimal","language_family":"latin","root":"decem","root_meaning":"ten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deḱm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decimal","meaning":"based on ten","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"décimal","meaning":"tenth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decimalis","meaning":"of tithes (from decimus 'tenth')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decimus","meaning":"tenth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decem","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decade","December","decimate","dime","duodecimal","dozen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"base-ten","formality":"technical"},{"word":"denary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"numeric","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"d1867db5-88c7-43d7-9ca4-3c7173a36d60","word":"decipher","definition":"To convert a coded or obscure message into understandable language, or to interpret something difficult to read.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descifrar","language_family":"french","root":"ṣifr","root_meaning":"zero, empty, nothing","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decipher","meaning":"to decode or interpret","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"de- + cipher","meaning":"reverse or undo a cipher","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chiffre","meaning":"numeral, cipher","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ṣifr","meaning":"zero, empty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"śūnya","meaning":"empty, void","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English / Latin prefix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cipher","decipherment","decipherable","encipher","indecipherable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decode","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interpret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"translate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unravel","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"c289a76c-9bf7-4285-aca8-3e2619519b14","word":"decision","definition":"A conclusion or resolution reached after consideration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"decisión","language_family":"latin","root":"decidere","root_meaning":"to cut off, determine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*de- + *cad- (to fall)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decision","meaning":"a choice or conclusion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"decision","meaning":"judgment, determination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decisio","meaning":"cutting off, determination","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decide","decisive","deciduous","indecision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"judgment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resolution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"verdict","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"ce801b8d-97b3-43ed-91c1-ff77d29b1cc4","word":"decisions","definition":"The plural form of decision; conclusions or determinations made after consideration of alternatives.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"decisiones","language_family":"latin","root":"decidere","root_meaning":"to cut off, determine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decisions","meaning":"conclusions or determinations","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"decision","meaning":"a determination or conclusion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"decision","meaning":"determination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decidere","meaning":"to cut off, determine, settle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de- + caedere","meaning":"down + to cut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decide","decisive","decidable","indecision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conclusions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"determinations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"choices","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"e59a4581-8ec9-4b7d-9e60-4953772011c8","word":"decisive","definition":"Able to make clear, firm decisions or settle an issue.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"decisivo","language_family":"latin","root":"decidere","root_meaning":"to cut off; decide; settle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decisive","meaning":"able to settle an issue firmly or clearly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"decisif","meaning":"decisive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decisivus","meaning":"decisive, decisive in effect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decidere","meaning":"to cut off, decide, settle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decide","decision","decisively","indecisive","decisiveness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conclusive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resolute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"determined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"1e6c4c88-b030-4dc8-b486-544202e8c1bc","word":"deck","definition":"A flat open platform on a ship or boat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dec","root_meaning":"covering","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deck","meaning":"A flat open platform on a ship or boat.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"deck","meaning":"covering, roof","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"dec","meaning":"covering","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deckhouse","decorate","covering","roof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"platform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"floor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"ad39e14c-6631-4676-9e2b-db70551724e8","word":"decker","definition":"a person or thing that decks or covers something, or a vehicle or vessel with a specified number of decks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dekken","root_meaning":"to cover","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decker","meaning":"a person or thing that decks or covers something, or a vehicle or vessel with a specified number of decks.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deck","meaning":"to cover; to fit with a deck","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dekken","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix forming nouns for a doer or thing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deck","decking","decked","deckhand","double-decker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decorator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adorner","formality":"literary"},{"word":"coverer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"158b83c7-7ed3-40a9-92ba-8791d39507f3","word":"declaration","definition":"A formal or explicit statement or announcement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"declaración","language_family":"latin","root":"declarare","root_meaning":"to make clear, reveal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"declaration","meaning":"formal statement","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"declaracioun","meaning":"a making clear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"declarare","meaning":"to make clear (de- 'completely' + clarare 'make clear')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["declare","clarify","clear","proclamation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"statement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"announcement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proclamation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"a30d5671-37a7-4c58-9098-24fa8cc430e0","word":"declare","definition":"To announce officially or make clearly known.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"declarar","language_family":"french","root":"declarer","root_meaning":"to make clear, announce","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēclārāre","meaning":"To make clear, reveal, from de + clārus.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"declarer","meaning":"To make clear, announce.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"declare","meaning":"To announce officially.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"declarar","meaning":"To declare.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["declaration","declarative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proclaim","formality":"formal"},{"word":"announce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"34f332f0-1dab-4bb3-a89a-952d84cc1758","word":"decline","definition":"To politely refuse an offer or invitation, or to diminish in strength or quality.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"declinar","language_family":"latin","root":"declinare","root_meaning":"to bend down, turn aside, deviate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decline","meaning":"To politely refuse or diminish.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"decliner","meaning":"to turn away, deviate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"declinare","meaning":"to bend down, turn aside (de- 'down' + clinare 'to lean')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incline","recline","declension","proclivity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reject","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wane","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"76567123-0949-4c34-a170-546b7e55d842","word":"decor","definition":"The style and arrangement of interior decorations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"decorado","language_family":"french","root":"décor","root_meaning":"decoration, setting","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decor","meaning":"The style and arrangement of interior decorations.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"décor","meaning":"decoration, setting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decorum","meaning":"beauty, grace","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dek-","meaning":"to take, accept, be proper","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decorate","decoration","decorative","decorum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"furnishing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ornamentation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"embellishment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"7de07099-bcad-443f-b637-f4386957d87b","word":"decorate","definition":"To make something look more attractive by adding ornaments, embellishments, or other additions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"decorar","language_family":"latin","root":"decorāre","root_meaning":"to adorn, embellish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decorate","meaning":"to adorn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decorātus","meaning":"adorned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decorāre","meaning":"to adorn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decus","meaning":"grace, ornament","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*dek-","meaning":"to take, accept; to be proper","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decoration","decor","decorum","decent","dignity","decent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adorn","formality":"formal"},{"word":"embellish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garnish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beautify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"3df354dc-661f-4209-abeb-ff1c573938b1","word":"decoration","definition":"Decoration is the act or result of making something look more attractive with ornament, color, or other embellishment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"decoración","language_family":"latin","root":"decorare","root_meaning":"to adorn, honor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decoration","meaning":"ornamentation or the act of decorating","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"décoration","meaning":"ornamentation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decoratio","meaning":"adornment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decorare","meaning":"to adorn, honor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decorate","decorative","decorator","decorum","ornamentation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ornamentation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adornment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"embellishment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"b61eede4-27b6-4b10-af5f-58e1674f0bc7","word":"decorative","definition":"Serving to decorate or embellish; ornamental.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"decorativo","language_family":"latin","root":"decorare","root_meaning":"to adorn, beautify","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decorative","meaning":"Serving to decorate or embellish.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"décoratif","meaning":"decorative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decorat-","meaning":"adorned","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decorate","decoration","decorum","decorate","decor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ornamental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embellishing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adorned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"165beba8-3ea6-43e8-995b-b1b7b49c7671","word":"decoy","definition":"A decoy is a lure, object, or person used to distract or entrap.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kooi","root_meaning":"cage; enclosure","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decoy","meaning":"a lure or trap used to attract and deceive","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Dutch de kooi","meaning":"literally \"the cage\"","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"de","meaning":"the","children":[],"language":"Dutch"},{"era":"1200s","word":"kooi","meaning":"cage; enclosure","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decoys","decoyed","decoying","decoy-duck","decoyman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bait","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"255a5fe6-9dc9-4f64-a5b7-490ad65a4f89","word":"decrease","definition":"To make something smaller or less in size, amount, or extent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"decrecer","language_family":"latin","root":"decrescere","root_meaning":"to grow smaller, diminish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decrease","meaning":"to make smaller or less","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"decrere","meaning":"to decrease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decrescere","meaning":"to grow smaller, diminish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["increase","crescendo","crescent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diminish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lessen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"9444f0e6-48b7-4ced-8c46-988433de62df","word":"decree","definition":"An official order or pronouncement issued by a person or body with authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"decreto","language_family":"latin","root":"decretum","root_meaning":"decision; decree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"decree","meaning":"an official order or pronouncement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"decre / decret","meaning":"decree; decision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decretum","meaning":"a decree; decision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decernere","meaning":"to decide; determine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de- + cernere","meaning":"to separate; distinguish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decreed","decreeing","decretal","decretory","decretist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"edict","formality":"formal"},{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proclamation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"b64d47e4-998f-4eb2-9e5a-ff8e4de25c3e","word":"dedicate","definition":"To devote (time, effort, or oneself) to a particular task or purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dedicar","language_family":"latin","root":"dedicare","root_meaning":"to declare, consecrate, devote","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*de- + *dik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dedicate","meaning":"To devote to a purpose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dedicare","meaning":"to declare, consecrate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dedication","dictum","dictate","indict","addict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consecrate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"ac685f8c-3721-4b17-abad-0f9c3ec50c9b","word":"dedicated","definition":"Committed entirely to a specified task, cause, or person with single-minded focus.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dedicado","language_family":"latin","root":"dedicare","root_meaning":"to consecrate or devote","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dedicated","meaning":"wholly committed","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"dedicate","meaning":"to set apart for sacred use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dedicare","meaning":"to consecrate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dedicate","dedication","dedicator","dedicatee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"committed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devoted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wholehearted","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"87d04445-a924-4ac2-821b-b3c5cd045149","word":"dedication","definition":"The quality of being dedicated or committed to a task or purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dedicación","language_family":"french","root":"dedicare","root_meaning":"to declare, devote","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dedication","meaning":"quality of being dedicated","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dedication","meaning":"act of dedicating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dedicatio","meaning":"dedication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dedicare","meaning":"to declare, devote","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dedicate","dictum","addict","indicative","vow","commitment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commitment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allegiance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loyalty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"51fe4c27-5b88-4fcf-ae0d-5d66ac822f19","word":"deed","definition":"An action performed; a legal document specifying ownership or other rights.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dæd","root_meaning":"action, doing, fact","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deed","meaning":"action or legal document","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dēd","meaning":"action, doing","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dædiz","meaning":"action","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["do","done","indeed","undo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"act","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"action","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exploit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"document","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"6112e7d3-9e0c-4508-a48e-4eac68ee1595","word":"deem","definition":"To regard or consider in a specified way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deman","root_meaning":"to judge, condemn, decree","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dōmjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deem","meaning":"to regard or consider","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deman","meaning":"to judge, condemn","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dōmjaną","meaning":"to judge","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doom","judgment","doomsday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"judge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"believe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"30a0c0ba-cf3f-45af-a4a4-d0bd97d87be6","word":"deep","definition":"Extending far down from the surface; intense or extreme.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"profundo","language_family":"germanic","root":"dēop","root_meaning":"deep, profound","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*dhewbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"deep","meaning":"Extending far down; profound.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"dēop","meaning":"Deep, profound.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*dhewbh-","meaning":"Deep, hollow.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["depth","deepen","deep-sea","deep-rooted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"profound","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bottomless","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"a8d38381-f52b-4ae3-88c6-32d4140ac7dc","word":"deeply","definition":"To a great depth; intensely or profoundly, in a physical, emotional, or intellectual sense.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deop","root_meaning":"deep, extending far down","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhewbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deeply","meaning":"to a great depth; intensely","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deep + -ly","meaning":"in a deep manner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"depe / dep","meaning":"deep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deop","meaning":"deep, profound","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*deupaz","meaning":"deep","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*dhewbh-","meaning":"deep, hollow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deep","deepen","depth","deep-set","deep-seated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"profoundly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intensely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thoroughly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acutely","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"bb384152-237f-4fbe-8626-1ed3f9abe52f","word":"deer","definition":"A hoofed ruminant mammal of the family Cervidae, the males of which typically have antlers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deor","root_meaning":"animal, wild beast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deuzam","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deer","meaning":"specific mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dēor","meaning":"animal, wild beast","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*deuzam","meaning":"wild animal","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*dheus-","meaning":"to breathe, spirit, animal","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doe","buck","hart","fawn","venison","wildlife"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"game","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"d307044d-6938-4568-9fbd-670afe959c21","word":"default","definition":"Failure to fulfill an obligation, particularly a financial or legal one; the action of reverting to a standard setting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"defalta","language_family":"french","root":"defalta","root_meaning":"failure; fault","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"default","meaning":"failure to fulfill an obligation","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"defaute","meaning":"failure; lack","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defalta","meaning":"failure; fault","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defaulter","defaulting","defaults"],"synonyms":[{"word":"failure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"non-payment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delinquency","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"61100504-6753-4966-b977-b0024d69029a","word":"defeat","definition":"To win a victory over someone in a contest.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"derrotar","language_family":"french","root":"desfait","root_meaning":"undone, destroyed","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"disfacere","meaning":"To undo, destroy, from dis + facere.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desfait","meaning":"Undone, destroyed, ruined.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"defeat","meaning":"To overcome in contest.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"derrotar","meaning":"To defeat.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["defeated","undefeated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vanquish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"037f679d-6224-4a18-abe6-99c193b0308e","word":"defect","definition":"A shortcoming, imperfection, or fault in something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"defecto","language_family":"latin","root":"dēficio","root_meaning":"to fail, be wanting, run short","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defect","meaning":"a fault or imperfection","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"defect","meaning":"a fault","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"defectus","meaning":"a failing, a defect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēficio","meaning":"to fail, be wanting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dē-","meaning":"away from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"faciō","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deficient","defection","deficient","factory","perfect","proficient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imperfection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blemish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"9591eea2-958a-4a7a-b6d6-bcfaf003e12f","word":"defective","definition":"Lacking an essential part or quality; faulty or incomplete.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"defectivo","language_family":"latin","root":"deficere","root_meaning":"to fail, desert","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defective","meaning":"lacking an essential part or quality","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"defectivus","meaning":"failing; defective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"defectus","meaning":"failure; falling away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deficere","meaning":"to fail; desert","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defect","deficient","deficiency","defectively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faulty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flawed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deficient","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"26302c67-4610-4b14-9780-57b1b864a46f","word":"defend","definition":"To resist an attack or protect from harm.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"defender","language_family":"french","root":"defendre","root_meaning":"to ward off, protect","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēfendere","meaning":"To ward off, protect, from de + *fendere (to strike).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"defendre","meaning":"To ward off, protect, forbid.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defend","meaning":"To protect from harm.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"defender","meaning":"To defend.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["defense","defender","defensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shield","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"c0bc1241-f3ec-48c7-881b-f247a8952229","word":"defense","definition":"The action of protecting someone or something from harm or attack, or a system of military protection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"defensa","language_family":"latin","root":"defendere","root_meaning":"to ward off, protect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*de- + *fendere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defense","meaning":"protection or protection system","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defence","meaning":"protection, resistance","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"defendre","meaning":"to forbid, protect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"defendere","meaning":"to ward off, protect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defend","defender","defensible","defensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeguard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shield","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"62830457-7520-40db-b63c-f1abda73897c","word":"defenseless","definition":"Lacking any form of defense and therefore vulnerable to attack.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indefenso","language_family":"latin","root":"defendere","root_meaning":"to ward off; protect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defenseless","meaning":"lacking any form of defense and therefore vulnerable to attack","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defense","meaning":"protection against attack","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defense","meaning":"protection; defense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"defendere","meaning":"to ward off; protect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-lēas","meaning":"without; lacking","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defense","defensive","defender","defenselessly","defenselessness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vulnerable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unprotected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helpless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"afccbe54-f67c-44df-8ebe-5172067125cd","word":"defensive","definition":"Used or intended to defend or protect.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"defensivo","language_family":"latin","root":"defendere","root_meaning":"to ward off, protect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷhen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defensive","meaning":"protecting","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defend","meaning":"to protect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"defendere","meaning":"to ward off","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defend","defense","defender","offense"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeguarding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cautionary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"3c3f8082-3443-4456-babc-8f26fbc8161b","word":"defer","definition":"To put off (an action or event) to a later time; postpone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"diferir","language_family":"latin","root":"differre","root_meaning":"to carry apart, postpone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defer","meaning":"to postpone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"déferrer","meaning":"to delay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"differre","meaning":"to carry apart, postpone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["different","difference","conference","refer","infer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"postpone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reschedule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"fc715018-2056-41c5-ac11-59e8b0ed570a","word":"defiance","definition":"Open resistance or refusal to obey authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desafío","language_family":"french","root":"*disfidare","root_meaning":"to renounce one's faith","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"late antiquity","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defiance","meaning":"open resistance or refusal to obey authority","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defiaunce","meaning":"defiance","children":[{"era":"1100s-1200s","word":"desfiance","meaning":"defiance","children":[{"era":"1100s-1200s","word":"desfier","meaning":"to defy","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"*disfidare","meaning":"to renounce one's faith","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defy","defiant","defied","defying","defiance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rebellion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resistance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insubordination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"106e6ed7-9157-4a1a-a203-4a17918cb1db","word":"deficit","definition":"The amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"déficit","language_family":"latin","root":"deficit","root_meaning":"it is wanting, it is lacking","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deficit","meaning":"amount by which something is too small","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"deficit","meaning":"it is wanting","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"deficere","meaning":"to fail, be wanting","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to set, place, do","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deficient","defection","defile","de facto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shortage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shortfall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deficiency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"2a62c4d3-4464-4248-b6ce-7c2f5d0d5479","word":"define","definition":"To state the exact meaning of a word or concept.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"definir","language_family":"latin","root":"dēfīnīre","root_meaning":"to limit, determine, explain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēfīnīre","meaning":"To limit, bound, define.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"define","meaning":"To state the meaning of.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"definir","meaning":"To define, determine.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["definition","definite","definitive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"explain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clarify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"821ea2b9-97c3-4a39-9f90-5c90d7f13ece","word":"defined","definition":"Stated or described the exact meaning or nature of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"definido","language_family":"latin","root":"definire","root_meaning":"to limit, to set bounds","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defined","meaning":"stated or described the exact meaning of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"define","meaning":"to limit, to determine boundaries","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"definire","meaning":"to set limits, to bound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de- + finire","meaning":"from + to finish/limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["define","definition","definite","definitive","undefined"],"synonyms":[{"word":"described","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outlined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delineated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"8612e7cd-e924-4657-98dc-b8237338270a","word":"definite","definition":"Clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"definitivo","language_family":"latin","root":"definitus","root_meaning":"defined, limited","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-bʰeydH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"definite","meaning":"clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"definit","meaning":"definite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"definitus","meaning":"defined, limited","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["define","definition","definitively","indefinite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explicit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"497bf2d7-ecc4-4a29-9c79-9eda7ec23cd4","word":"definitely","definition":"Definitely means without any doubt or unambiguously.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"definitivamente","language_family":"latin","root":"definire","root_meaning":"to limit, set bounds to, explain, define","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"definitely","meaning":"without any doubt","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"definite","meaning":"fixed, distinct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"definitus","meaning":"set boundaries","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"definire","meaning":"to limit, define","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["definition","finite","confine","finish","definite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"certainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absolutely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unquestionably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"bc39f571-7d1a-4037-8dfd-07e4dcd4582e","word":"definition","definition":"A statement of the exact meaning of a word or concept.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"definición","language_family":"latin","root":"definire","root_meaning":"to limit, bound, define","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"definition","meaning":"exact meaning of a word","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"definition","meaning":"determining, limiting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"definitio","meaning":"a limiting, setting bounds","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["define","definite","definitive","defining"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explanation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"description","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clarification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"977a0799-2dcd-49cd-a065-42ae9d799120","word":"definitive","definition":"Definitive means final, authoritative, or settling a matter conclusively.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"definitivo","language_family":"latin","root":"fīnis","root_meaning":"end; boundary; limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"definitive","meaning":"final; authoritative; conclusive","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"definitive","meaning":"defining; final","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"definitif","meaning":"defining; decisive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēfīnītīvus","meaning":"having the power to define or limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēfīnīre","meaning":"to set bounds; to define","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fīnis","meaning":"end; boundary; limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["define","definition","definite","definable","definiteness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conclusive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decisive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authoritative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"856301ba-7976-425a-aac4-74ae2485af70","word":"defy","definition":"Openly resist or refuse to obey.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desafiar","language_family":"french","root":"desfier","root_meaning":"to renounce one's faith, break allegiance, challenge","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"defy","meaning":"to resist openly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desfier","meaning":"to renounce, challenge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"fides","meaning":"faith, trust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defiance","defiant","fidelity","infidel","confide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"challenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disobey","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"e9d3d0b7-c9ed-4f96-8682-bf20aa0f690a","word":"degenerate","definition":"Having fallen below the proper standard or having declined in quality or character.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"degenerado","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin genus","root_meaning":"birth, race, kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gene-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"degenerate","meaning":"having fallen below the proper standard or having declined in quality or character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"degenerare","meaning":"to become unlike one's kind; to decline","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de + genus","meaning":"\"off, away from\" + \"birth, race, kind\"","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*gene-","meaning":"to give birth, beget","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["degeneration","degeneracy","degenerative","degenerated","degenerating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depraved","formality":"formal"},{"word":"debased","formality":"formal"},{"word":"corrupt","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decadent","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"5fa46280-dd0b-4805-84c1-4391267627ff","word":"degree","definition":"A unit of measurement or a qualification awarded by an educational institution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grado","language_family":"latin","root":"gradus","root_meaning":"step, grade","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghredh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"degree","meaning":"unit of measurement or qualification","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"degree","meaning":"step, rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gradus","meaning":"step, grade, rank","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gradual","gradient","degrade","upgrade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"qualification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"98998523-0f85-4b51-b246-19eac2b98691","word":"degrees","definition":"units of measurement for angles, temperature, or academic qualifications.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grados","language_family":"latin","root":"gradus","root_meaning":"step, grade, rank","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"degrees","meaning":"units of measurement or academic qualifications","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"degree","meaning":"a step or stage","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"degré","meaning":"a step or stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gradus","meaning":"step, grade, rank","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["degree","degrade","gradient","gradual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"levels","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grades","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"increments","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"7ae95537-b134-471b-93a5-1e7ce40235c7","word":"dehydrate","definition":"To remove water or moisture from a substance or organism.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"deshidratar","language_family":"greek","root":"hydor","root_meaning":"water","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"dehydrate","meaning":"to remove water from","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"removal, reversal","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1800s","word":"hydrate","meaning":"to supply with water","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hydr-","meaning":"water (combining form of hydor)","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*wed-","meaning":"water, wet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hydrate","dehydration","rehydrate","anhydrous","hydration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desiccate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"parch","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dry out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"8eec0ab4-fc63-4d52-976a-9ed0d2f6ba8d","word":"del","definition":"A mathematical operator symbol representing the gradient or nabla, used in vector calculus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"nabla","root_meaning":"inverted delta symbol","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"del","meaning":"gradient operator in mathematics","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nabla","meaning":"harp-like stringed instrument; inverted delta","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nabla","gradient","divergence","curl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nabla","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gradient operator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"aceb994e-a16f-4936-bc10-0aabffadaedd","word":"delay","definition":"To make (someone or something) late or slow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dilatar","language_family":"latin","root":"dilatare","root_meaning":"to spread out, to postpone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰyeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delay","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"delaier","meaning":"to delay, prolong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dilatare","meaning":"to spread out, to postpone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"latus","meaning":"side, wide (used to form 'postpone')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dilatory","latitude","expanse","plateau"],"synonyms":[{"word":"postpone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retard","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"4cc5514f-523e-49d7-9db8-d6598534f128","word":"delegate","definition":"A person appointed to represent others or act on their behalf, especially at a conference or assembly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"delegado","language_family":"latin","root":"delegare","root_meaning":"to send away on a commission, to depute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delegate","meaning":"representative or deputy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delegatus","meaning":"sent as representative (past participle of delegare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delegare","meaning":"to send away, to commission (de- + legare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legare","meaning":"to send, commission, depute","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to collect, gather, speak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delegation","delegacy","legate","relegate","legacy","legation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deputy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emissary","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"9ac72683-50db-4440-b291-4d727bbe722e","word":"delegation","definition":"A body of delegates or representatives; or, the act of entrusting a task or responsibility to another person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"delegación","language_family":"latin","root":"delegationem","root_meaning":"a sending away, commission","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delegation","meaning":"A body of delegates or representatives; or, the act of entrusting a task or responsibility to another person.","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"delegation","meaning":"appointment of a representative","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"delegationem","meaning":"a sending away, commission","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"delegare","meaning":"to send, entrust, assign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delegate","delegated","delegable","delegator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"representation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deputation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assignment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"72069558-2dc0-4c5c-be48-b245905f6d9a","word":"delete","definition":"To remove or erase something completely, especially text from a computer or document.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"deletrear","language_family":"latin","root":"delere","root_meaning":"to destroy or blot out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"delete","meaning":"to remove or erase","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"delete","meaning":"to destroy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delere","meaning":"to blot out or destroy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deletion","deleted","deleting","undelete"],"synonyms":[{"word":"erase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expunge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"ed5f90c1-7717-4086-b9cc-5fc59e685709","word":"deliberate","definition":"Done on purpose or with careful intention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"deliberado","language_family":"latin","root":"dēlīberō","root_meaning":"to consider, weigh well","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deliberate","meaning":"done on purpose or with careful intention","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English deliberate","meaning":"deliberate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin dēlīberātus","meaning":"deliberated, considered","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin dēlīberō","meaning":"to consider, weigh well","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dē- + lībra","meaning":"from, away + balance, scale","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deliberation","deliberately","deliberative","deliberator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intentional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purposeful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"premeditated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"fdd12170-5d8f-4625-8c31-d1a8f19408a1","word":"delicate","definition":"Very fine in texture or structure; easily broken or damaged.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"delicado","language_family":"latin","root":"delicatus","root_meaning":"pleasing, delightful, soft","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delicate","meaning":"fine, fragile","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"delicat","meaning":"delicate, dainty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delicatus","meaning":"pleasing, delightful, soft","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deliciae","meaning":"delight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delicacy","indelicate","delicately","delicious","delight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dainty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subtle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"b5bede02-4d60-488f-886d-72b81264c5d6","word":"delight","definition":"great pleasure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"deleite","language_family":"latin","root":"delectare","root_meaning":"to charm, to please","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delight","meaning":"great pleasure","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"delit","meaning":"pleasure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delectare","meaning":"to charm, please","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delectable","delicious","delightful","delectation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleasure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ecstasy","formality":"literary"},{"word":"bliss","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"92e98b9b-b8ff-4a2d-aaa5-0c733877c008","word":"delightful","definition":"Causing delight; charming or very pleasing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"deleitable","language_family":"latin","root":"delectare","root_meaning":"to charm, please","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delightful","meaning":"charming","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"delight","meaning":"great pleasure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"delit","meaning":"pleasure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delectare","meaning":"to charm, please","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"intensive prefix","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"lacere","meaning":"to entice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delight","delighting","delightfully","delectable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleasing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enchanting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"3a117f4f-3610-4056-bc41-474b87c8ccf9","word":"deliver","definition":"To bring and hand over something to a person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"entregar","language_family":"french","root":"delivrer","root_meaning":"to set free, hand over","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēlīberāre","meaning":"To set free, liberate.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"delivrer","meaning":"To set free, hand over, rescue.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deliver","meaning":"To hand over, set free.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"entregar","meaning":"To deliver, hand over.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["delivery","deliverance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hand over","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a4f5eeb9-fe3b-48d6-b04f-b9cc02dca96b","word":"delivered","definition":"Past tense of deliver; brought or handed over to a recipient.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"entregar","language_family":"latin","root":"delivrer","root_meaning":"to set free, hand over","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delivered","meaning":"brought or handed over","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deliver","meaning":"to set free, hand over","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"delivrer","meaning":"to set free, hand over","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"de- + livrer","meaning":"from + to free","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deliver","delivery","deliverer","deliverance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provided","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conveyed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brought","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"8eb04464-53eb-4390-8a63-b41831077904","word":"delivery","definition":"The action of providing or supplying something to someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entrega","language_family":"french","root":"Old French delivrer","root_meaning":"to set free, deliver","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delivery","meaning":"action of providing or supplying","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"delivery","meaning":"act of delivering","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"delivrer","meaning":"to set free, deliver","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deliver","delivered","deliverable","deliveries"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distribution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"b4d4bc0e-e802-43b5-80de-191b699f196b","word":"dell","definition":"A small wooded valley.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dell","root_meaning":"a valley, ditch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*duliz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dell","meaning":"small wooded valley","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dell","meaning":"a valley, ditch","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"duliz","meaning":"hollow, valley","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dale","dell-house","valley","hollow","dune"],"synonyms":[{"word":"valley","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dale","formality":"literary"},{"word":"glen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"71d50a8b-a1d7-4951-906f-b9de1e256df2","word":"della","definition":"A female given name, often a diminutive of names like Adelaide or Adeline.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"adal","root_meaning":"noble","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Della","meaning":"female given name, diminutive of names like Adele","children":[{"era":"Medieval Latin","word":"Adele","meaning":"noble","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"adal","meaning":"noble","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["Adele","Adela","Adeline","Adelaide","Heidi"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"68a7ad41-a715-4d8c-8a74-a2febc368886","word":"delta","definition":"the triangular area of land formed where a river divides into channels at its mouth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"delta","language_family":"greek","root":"delta","root_meaning":"fourth letter of Greek alphabet, shaped like a triangle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delta","meaning":"triangular river mouth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delta","meaning":"fourth letter of Greek alphabet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Δ (delta)","meaning":"fourth letter, triangle-shaped","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Phoenician dalet","meaning":"door","children":[],"language":"Phoenician"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deltaic","Nile Delta","delta wing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mouth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estuary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alluvial fan","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"5de32e4a-66af-4c60-afa2-7196d2e6576f","word":"delusion","definition":"A fixed false belief held despite clear evidence to the contrary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"delusión","language_family":"latin","root":"dēlūsiō","root_meaning":"deception; mockery","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delusion","meaning":"a fixed false belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēlūsiō","meaning":"deception; mockery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēlūdō","meaning":"to deceive, mock, or make sport of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lūdō","meaning":"to play","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delude","deluded","delusive","delusional","illusion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"false belief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misbelief","formality":"literary"},{"word":"misconception","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"41b322c4-a8cc-4e83-8f17-024d50f15c71","word":"delusional","definition":"Characterized by persistent false beliefs or delusions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"deludere","root_meaning":"to deceive; to mock","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"delusional","meaning":"characterized by false beliefs","children":[{"era":"modern formation","word":"delusion + -al","meaning":"formed from the noun delusion plus the adjectival suffix -al","children":[{"era":"Middle English via French/Latin","word":"delusion","meaning":"a false belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delūsiō / delūdere","meaning":"a deception; to deceive or mock","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delusion","deluded","delusive","delusively","deluder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"misguided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irrational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deluded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"074433e1-534c-4eab-8931-23616ed300fe","word":"demand","definition":"An insistent and peremptory request.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"demanda","language_family":"french","root":"demander","root_meaning":"to ask, request","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"dēmandāre","meaning":"To entrust, commission, from de + mandāre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"demander","meaning":"To ask, request, inquire.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"demand","meaning":"An insistent request.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"demanda","meaning":"Demand, request.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["demanding","demanded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"request","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"requirement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"ef2452ea-8d3a-47c2-9f46-fa3f38104e37","word":"dementia","definition":"A progressive decline in cognitive function, especially memory and reasoning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"demencia","language_family":"latin","root":"mens","root_meaning":"mind, thought","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dementia","meaning":"A progressive decline in cognitive function, especially memory and reasoning.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dementia","meaning":"Madness or lack of mind.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"Away from, down from, or reversal.","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mens","meaning":"Mind, thought.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demented","mental","mentality","mentally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cognitive decline","formality":"technical"},{"word":"madness","formality":"informal"},{"word":"insanity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"c88874fc-c9b0-4d37-bba9-967b8841df47","word":"demise","definition":"Death or passing, especially in formal or euphemistic use; by extension, the transfer of property or an estate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"dēmittō","root_meaning":"to send down; to let fall; to relinquish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"demise","meaning":"death or passing; transfer of an estate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"demyse","meaning":"demise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"démise","meaning":"relinquished; handed down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēmissa","meaning":"having been sent down; relinquished","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēmittō","meaning":"send down; let fall; relinquish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demit","dismiss","dismissal","mission","emission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"death","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decease","formality":"formal"},{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"a5f55f33-a825-465b-8394-42a9dc42f6d2","word":"demo","definition":"A short form of demonstration, especially a sample or trial version.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"monstrare","root_meaning":"to show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"demo","meaning":"a demonstration (clipped)","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"demonstration","meaning":"act of demonstrating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"demonstrare","meaning":"to point out, show","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demonstrate","demonstrative","monster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sample","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preview","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"6bebf9f2-ac2b-4386-b9f0-9e809ced13ae","word":"democracy","definition":"A system of government in which power is vested in the people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"democracia","language_family":"greek","root":"dēmokratia","root_meaning":"rule by the people","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"dēmokratía (δημοκρατία)","meaning":"Popular government. From dēmos (people) + kratos (rule, power).","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"democracy","meaning":"Government by the people.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"democracia","meaning":"Democracy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["democrat","democratic","demographics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-governance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"republic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"4ca4bc37-4637-409a-82f6-e2be2349cfaa","word":"democrat","definition":"An adherent or advocate of democracy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"demócrata","language_family":"greek","root":"dēmokratiā","root_meaning":"rule of the people","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"5th century BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"democrat","meaning":"An adherent or advocate of democracy.","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"démocrate","meaning":"democrat","children":[{"era":"5th century BCE","word":"dēmokratiā","meaning":"rule of the people","children":[{"era":"5th century BCE","word":"dēmos","meaning":"people","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"5th century BCE","word":"kratos","meaning":"power, rule","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["democracy","democratic","demography","aristocracy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proponent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"citizen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"1723527c-974d-42e0-9900-d654ac2dd4db","word":"democratic","definition":"Relating to or supporting the principles of democracy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"democrático","language_family":"greek","root":"dēmokratia","root_meaning":"rule of the people","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"democratic","meaning":"relating to democracy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēmokratikos","meaning":"of democracy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēmokratia","meaning":"rule of the people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēmos","meaning":"people","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"kratos","meaning":"power, rule","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["democracy","democrat","demography","autocracy","theocracy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"republican","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"egalitarian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"popular","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"9da9f3d8-f232-4255-b741-3bc63a87eafa","word":"demographic","definition":"Relating to the structure of populations.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"demográfico","language_family":"greek","root":"dēmographia","root_meaning":"description of a people","root_language":"Neo-Latin","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":"*dem- + *grap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"demographic","meaning":"Relating to the structure of populations.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"démographie","meaning":"study of populations","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"dēmographia","meaning":"description of a people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēmos + graphia","meaning":"people + writing/description","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dem-","meaning":"people","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*grap-","meaning":"to scratch, to write","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demography","democracy","geography","biography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"population","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statistical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"33453e3f-5731-4f2d-9daf-9007fe4185e4","word":"demolition","definition":"The act or process of tearing down buildings or other structures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"demolición","language_family":"latin","root":"dēmōlītiō","root_meaning":"a tearing down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"demolition","meaning":"the act of tearing down structures","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"demolition","meaning":"destruction, tearing down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēmōlītiō","meaning":"a tearing down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"demolīrī","meaning":"to tear down","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demolish","demolished","demolisher","demolitionist","demolitory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destruction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"razing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"teardown","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"01c746e4-edb5-4c9f-b8cd-21f7b3d0172e","word":"demon","definition":"An evil supernatural being or spirit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"demonio","language_family":"greek","root":"daimōn","root_meaning":"divine power, spirit","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~700 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"daímōn (δαίμων)","meaning":"A spirit, divine power, lesser deity. Originally neutral, later associated with evil.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"demon","meaning":"An evil spirit.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"demonio","meaning":"Demon, devil.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["demonic","demonize","pandemic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evil spirit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"5a818f3f-8123-48f1-aff5-512645bb4402","word":"demonic","definition":"Pertaining to demons or evil spirits; devilish or fiendish.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"demoníaco","language_family":"greek","root":"δαίμων","root_meaning":"spirit; divine power; demon","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"demonic","meaning":"pertaining to demons or evil spirits; devilish or fiendish","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"daemonicus","meaning":"demonic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"δαιμονικός","meaning":"possessed by a demon; sent by a demon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"δαίμων","meaning":"spirit; divine power; demon","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demon","daemon","daemonic","demoniac","demonize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devilish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diabolic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"satanic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"4492fcaa-d02a-4f0e-b2ad-a12ee60bba7c","word":"demonstrate","definition":"To show clearly by giving proof or evidence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"demostrar","language_family":"latin","root":"dēmōnstrāre","root_meaning":"to point out, show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēmōnstrāre","meaning":"To point out, indicate, show.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"demonstrate","meaning":"To show or prove clearly.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"demostrar","meaning":"To demonstrate, prove.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["demonstration","demonstrative","demonstrable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"show","formality":"informal"},{"word":"illustrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prove","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ef2f05cd-5c5c-448a-af7a-8a78f0c52e5b","word":"demonstration","definition":"An act of showing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"demostración","language_family":"latin","root":"demonstrare","root_meaning":"to point out, show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"demonstration","meaning":"an act of showing something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"démonstration","meaning":"demonstration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"demonstratio","meaning":"a pointing out, showing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"demonstrare","meaning":"to point out, show","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demonstrate","demonstrable","demonstrative","demure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhibition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proof","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"88003e5b-5a34-49f6-a112-9a958bd4ed19","word":"den","definition":"A wild animal's lair or dwelling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"denu","root_meaning":"valley, hollow, cave","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"den","meaning":"animal's lair","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"denu","meaning":"valley, hollow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valley","dell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cave","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"4c648285-6a37-4829-9fa7-386519309102","word":"denial","definition":"The act of declaring something untrue or refusing to acknowledge the truth or existence of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"denegación","language_family":"french","root":"denier","root_meaning":"to deny","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ne-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"denial","meaning":"act of denying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"denoi","meaning":"refusal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"denier","meaning":"to deny","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"denegare","meaning":"to refuse, deny","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"from, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"negare","meaning":"to deny","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deny","negation","negative","undeniable","renegade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refusal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rejection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disavowal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"6cdd8ae8-69d9-47d0-b51e-e25979733f67","word":"dense","definition":"Closely compacted in substance; thick.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"denso","language_family":"latin","root":"densus","root_meaning":"thick, crowded","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dens-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dense","meaning":"closely compacted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"densus","meaning":"thick, crowded","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["density","condense","rarity","densify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crowded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"a23b3c07-f5e6-4d68-9805-bc2d717687f1","word":"density","definition":"The quantity per unit volume, area, or length; compactness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"densidad","language_family":"latin","root":"densus","root_meaning":"thick, dense","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dens-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"density","meaning":"compactness, thickness","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"density","meaning":"density","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"densitas","meaning":"thickness, compactness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"densus","meaning":"thick, dense","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dense","condense","densify","denser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compactness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thickness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solidity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concentration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"6e35a57d-0c32-4d2a-844a-f394f3f2a7b6","word":"dent","definition":"A small hollow or depression, especially one made by a blow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diente","language_family":"latin","root":"dens","root_meaning":"tooth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃dónts","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dent","meaning":"a small hollow or depression","children":[{"era":"1200s–1600s","word":"dent","meaning":"tooth; notch; hollow","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"dent","meaning":"tooth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dens","meaning":"tooth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dental","dentist","denture","dentine","indented"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indentation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deformity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"4be3d554-1778-4d19-abd7-8dfc3ddf6e93","word":"dental","definition":"Relating to the teeth or to dentistry.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dental","language_family":"latin","root":"dens, dentis","root_meaning":"tooth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁dent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dental","meaning":"Relating to the teeth or dentistry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dentalis","meaning":"of the teeth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dens, dentis","meaning":"tooth","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*h₁dent-","meaning":"tooth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dentist","denture","indent","trident","orthodontics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"odontic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"buccal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"07c5f545-dabd-47e7-b46f-2b10c67ed3e9","word":"dentist","definition":"A person who is qualified to treat diseases and other conditions that affect the teeth and gums, especially the repair and extraction of teeth and the insertion of artificial ones.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dentista","language_family":"latin","root":"dens","root_meaning":"tooth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁dent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dentist","meaning":"tooth doctor","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"dentiste","meaning":"dentist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dens","meaning":"tooth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dental","dentition","denture","indent","trident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"odontologist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tooth doctor","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"f22fb669-3575-4cd6-9636-937334b8fef0","word":"deny","definition":"State that one refuses to admit the truth or existence of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"denegar","language_family":"latin","root":"denegare","root_meaning":"to refuse, deny","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deny","meaning":"State that one refuses to admit the truth or existence of something.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"denien","meaning":"to deny, refuse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"denegare","meaning":"to refuse, deny","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"negare","meaning":"to say no, to refuse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["negation","negative","undeniable","abnegate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reject","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gainsay","formality":"literary"},{"word":"repudiate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"85dd003d-df28-4f92-9c44-729776dbb74a","word":"depart","definition":"To leave, typically in order to start a journey.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"partir","language_family":"french","root":"departir","root_meaning":"to divide, separate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"dēpartīre","meaning":"To divide, separate, from de + partīre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"departir","meaning":"To divide, separate, go away.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"depart","meaning":"To leave, go away.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"partir","meaning":"To depart, leave.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["departure","departed","department"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"withdraw","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"2810af6f-f4da-4b4d-8bfc-c25e0aafd8d9","word":"department","definition":"A distinct section or division of a government, company, or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"departamento","language_family":"french","root":"departir","root_meaning":"to divide, distribute","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"department","meaning":"a division of an organization","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"department","meaning":"division, section","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"departir","meaning":"to divide","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["depart","departs","departure","departmental"],"synonyms":[{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"branch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"33c5fbf5-f264-40c4-93b0-16f5460254d4","word":"departmental","definition":"Relating to a department of an organization, government, or university.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"departamental","language_family":"french","root":"department + -al","root_meaning":"division of an organization + relating to","root_language":"English (from French)","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"departmental","meaning":"Relating to a department of an organization, government, or university.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"department","meaning":"a separate part of a larger whole","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"département","meaning":"a division, separation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"départir","meaning":"to divide, separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"partire","meaning":"to divide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-al","meaning":"relating to","children":[],"language":"English (from Latin)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["depart","partition","part","apartment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divisional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sectional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organizational","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"a13da959-7a28-4146-bfeb-a347a1093176","word":"departments","definition":"Divisions of an organization, institution, or government responsible for specific functions or areas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"departamentos","language_family":"french","root":"departement","root_meaning":"division, section","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"departments","meaning":"divisions of an organization","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"department","meaning":"division, section","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"departement","meaning":"division","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"departir","meaning":"to divide, separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"away, off","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"partire","meaning":"to divide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["department","depart","departure","departmental","departmentalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divisions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"branches","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"76e5abca-3b99-4d8a-96c4-362f06c00de6","word":"departure","definition":"The action of leaving, especially to start a journey.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"départir","root_meaning":"to divide, distribute, separate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":"*part-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"departure","meaning":"act of leaving","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"départure","meaning":"division, distribution","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"départir","meaning":"to divide, separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"partire","meaning":"to divide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["depart","partition","part","separate","portion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leaving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"going","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farewell","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"44dd3a94-b0c3-41f0-a2a7-6d2475250953","word":"depend","definition":"To be determined or conditioned by something else; to rely on.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"depender","language_family":"latin","root":"dependere","root_meaning":"to hang down from, be dependent on","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"depend","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dependre","meaning":"to hang down, depend","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"classical","word":"dependere","meaning":"to hang from, rely on","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pendant","pending","suspend","independent","appendix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"ee307172-ac68-4190-b185-5a1b4afbd9e4","word":"dependence","definition":"The state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dependencia","language_family":"latin","root":"dependere","root_meaning":"to hang down from, be dependent on","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dependence","meaning":"State of relying on another","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"dependence","meaning":"state of depending","children":[{"era":"600s-1500s","word":"dependentia","meaning":"a dependency","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dependere","meaning":"to hang down from, be dependent on","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dependent","depend","independent","pendulum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"addiction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subjection","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"8fa4fb4a-b205-4e60-82b6-ffbe38f3b0ed","word":"dependent","definition":"Contingent on or determined by something else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dependiente","language_family":"latin","root":"dependere","root_meaning":"to hang from, depend on","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dependent","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"dependre","meaning":"to depend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dependere","meaning":"to hang from","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["depend","dependence","appendix","pending","suspend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reliant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conditional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contingent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"3f45ccad-ed5b-41ae-98d0-1dac5f66a5a7","word":"deport","definition":"A verb meaning to expel or forcibly remove someone from a country.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"deportar","language_family":"french","root":"deportare","root_meaning":"to carry away; transport; banish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deport","meaning":"to expel or forcibly remove someone from a country","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deporter","meaning":"to behave; to entertain; to carry off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deportare","meaning":"to carry away; transport; banish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"away; off","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"portare","meaning":"to carry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*per-","meaning":"to lead, pass over","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deportation","deportee","deportable","deportment","porter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"banish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"7dd54dd0-41e4-4e19-abff-8754b33ab938","word":"deposit","definition":"To place or put down in a specific location.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"depósito","language_family":"latin","root":"depositum","root_meaning":"laid down, entrusted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deposit","meaning":"To place or put down in a specific location.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"depositer","meaning":"to put down, place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"depositum","meaning":"something laid down (past participle of deponere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deponent","pose","position","compose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lodge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"22a6e8fc-84b7-4698-bdc1-7e5ad646ef2b","word":"depot","definition":"A place for the storage of large quantities of equipment, food, or goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"depósito","language_family":"french","root":"dépôt","root_meaning":"a place for depositing","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*dhe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"depot","meaning":"storage place","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"dépôt","meaning":"a place for depositing","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"déposer","meaning":"to put down, deposit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"from, down","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pausare","meaning":"to put, to cease","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deposit","depose","impose","compose","post"],"synonyms":[{"word":"storehouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warehouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terminal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"dd6ff1be-127c-4de9-94ce-f53a17d450fb","word":"depression","definition":"A state of low spirits or sadness, or a long-term medical condition characterized by such feelings; also, a sunken place or hollow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"depresión","language_family":"latin","root":"deprimere","root_meaning":"to press down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"depression","meaning":"low spirits, sunken place","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"depressio","meaning":"a pressing down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deprimere","meaning":"to press down","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["depress","impress","compress","suppress","pressure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sadness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gloom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hollow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"c848fa9b-e6cb-450a-8253-7d86e5ccf85b","word":"deprive","definition":"to take something away from someone or deny them something they need or have.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"privar","language_family":"latin","root":"prīvō","root_meaning":"to strip of; deprive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deprive","meaning":"to take something away from someone or deny them something they need or have","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"depryven","meaning":"to deprive or bereave","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"depriver","meaning":"to deprive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēprīvō","meaning":"to strip of; deprive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dē-","meaning":"away; off","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"prīvō","meaning":"to deprive; strip of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deprived","depriving","deprivable","deprivation","deprival"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bereave","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"311d4252-0056-469b-9381-4f1503bcd448","word":"depth","definition":"The distance from the top or surface to the bottom of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deep","root_meaning":"extending far down","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"depth","meaning":"distance downward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"depthe","meaning":"deepness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deep","meaning":"extending far down","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*deup-","meaning":"deep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deep","deepen","deeply","deepness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deepness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profundity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"2a1f5b78-facc-4d08-95b6-697ef7d44022","word":"derange","definition":"To derange is to disturb the normal order, arrangement, or mental balance of something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"ranger","root_meaning":"to arrange; put in order","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"derange","meaning":"to disturb order or mental balance","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"déranger","meaning":"to upset order; disturb","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ranger","meaning":"to arrange; put in order","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deranged","derangement","deranging","range","rearrange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disturb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disorder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unbalance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"684e87bb-8091-40fd-9f6d-28ddd42de07b","word":"derive","definition":"Obtain something from a specified source.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"derivar","language_family":"latin","root":"derivare","root_meaning":"to lead or draw off (water)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"derive","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deriver","meaning":"to draw off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"derivare","meaning":"to lead or draw off (water)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"from, off","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"rivus","meaning":"stream","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["river","derivative","derivation","rivulet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extract","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"9544a129-0b88-4688-ab01-9c705d7dbcba","word":"derrick","definition":"A derrick is a hoisting structure or crane, especially one used in drilling or lifting heavy loads.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Theoderic","root_meaning":"ruler of the people","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"derrick","meaning":"a hoisting structure or crane","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Derrick","meaning":"a personal name associated with a hangman whose name was transferred to the crane","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Theoderic","meaning":"a Germanic personal name meaning 'ruler of the people'","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Derrick","Theodoric","Derek","crane","hoist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lifting rig","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"3867d11f-8559-4156-94d6-0edd43cfc917","word":"des","definition":"A prefix or plural form meaning 'of the' or used in French place names.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"de los","language_family":"latin","root":"de","root_meaning":"of, from","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"des","meaning":"of the (French contraction)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"des","meaning":"of the, from the","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"de","meaning":"of, from","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de","meaning":"of, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["de","du","le","la"],"synonyms":[{"word":"of the","formality":"formal"},{"word":"from the","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"803cb073-a380-4620-b3ae-b3db93c42af6","word":"descend","definition":"To move or fall downward.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descender","language_family":"latin","root":"descendere","root_meaning":"to climb down, go down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*scand-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"descend","meaning":"to move or fall downward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"descendre","meaning":"to descend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"descendere","meaning":"to climb down, go down (de- 'down' + scandere 'to climb')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ascent","scandal","scale","transcendent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plummet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"go down","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"46656fde-0ee4-462e-a9fa-e7b0f87407be","word":"descendant","definition":"A person or organism that is descended from an ancestor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"descendiente","language_family":"latin","root":"descendere","root_meaning":"to come down, descend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skand-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"descendant","meaning":"a person descended from an ancestor","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"descendant","meaning":"one who is descended","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"descendant","meaning":"descending, descended","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"descendere","meaning":"to come down, descend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de- + scandere","meaning":"down + to climb","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["descend","descent","descendent","descendancy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offspring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"progeny","formality":"formal"},{"word":"issue","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"bd5e4933-1bc4-4ea6-bdc2-5600cf6a7579","word":"describe","definition":"Give an account in words of (someone or something), including all the relevant characteristics, qualities, or events.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"describir","language_family":"latin","root":"describere","root_meaning":"to write down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skribh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"describe","meaning":"to give an account of","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"descrire","meaning":"to copy, to portray","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"describere","meaning":"to write down, copy, sketch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down, completely","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scribere","meaning":"to write","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skribh-","meaning":"to cut, to separate, to incise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scribble","subscribe","prescribe","transcribe","scripture","manuscript"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illustrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delineate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"7d7ff288-af0f-49e4-963e-1edfbc873455","word":"described","definition":"Gave an account or representation of something in words.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descrito","language_family":"latin","root":"describere","root_meaning":"to write down, to depict","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"described","meaning":"gave an account in words","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"describe","meaning":"to write down or depict","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"describere","meaning":"to write down, trace out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["describe","description","descriptive","descriptor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depicted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portrayed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlined","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"75780fd5-1856-424e-8d44-5e9c5496bede","word":"description","definition":"A statement or account that describes something, providing details about its qualities or characteristics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"descripción","language_family":"latin","root":"describere","root_meaning":"to write down, delineate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"description","meaning":"an account of characteristics","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"description","meaning":"description","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"describere","meaning":"to write down","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["describe","descriptor","descriptive","account"],"synonyms":[{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explanation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portrayal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"depiction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"6f9c85de-88e3-49a1-bfdb-37c402d1971e","word":"desert","definition":"A large, arid region with sparse vegetation and little precipitation; also (verb) to abandon or leave someone without support.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desierto","language_family":"latin","root":"desertum","root_meaning":"something abandoned or forsaken; an uninhabited wasteland","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"desert","meaning":"arid wasteland; to abandon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desert","meaning":"uninhabited wilderness","children":[{"era":"900s–1100s","word":"desert","meaning":"wasteland, wilderness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"desertum","meaning":"a lonely, forsaken place (past participle of deserere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deserere","meaning":"to abandon, forsake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de- + serere","meaning":"to un-join, disconnect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["desertion","deserted","deserter","dessert (false cognate)","deserve","assertion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wasteland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wilderness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"badlands","formality":"informal"},{"word":"arid plain","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"701cde47-0d8e-4356-8744-98186f10dda8","word":"design","definition":"A plan or drawing for something to be made; to create purposefully","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diseño","language_family":"latin","root":"designare","root_meaning":"to mark out, designate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*de- + signum","etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"design","meaning":"plan; to plan and create","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"désigner","meaning":"to designate, design","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"designare","meaning":"to mark out, point out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["designer","designed","redesign","by-design"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blueprint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scheme","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"13ac1a05-480d-4014-a5b8-b16a431ca41e","word":"designate","definition":"To appoint or mark out for a specific purpose or office.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"designar","language_family":"latin","root":"designare","root_meaning":"to mark out, appoint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"designate","meaning":"to appoint or mark out...","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"designate","meaning":"to mark out, appoint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"mark, sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["design","sign","signal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nominate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"dc9f6df8-d628-4de4-9be0-8237cd769375","word":"designated","definition":"Having been officially selected or specified for a particular purpose or position.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"designado","language_family":"latin","root":"designare","root_meaning":"to mark out, appoint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*de- + *signare","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"designated","meaning":"officially selected or appointed","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"designate","meaning":"to appoint, specify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"designare","meaning":"to mark out, appoint","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["designate","designation","designer","design"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appointed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"specified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assigned","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"8a80923d-babf-4ee7-8314-cbce898fd759","word":"designation","definition":"The act of designating or specifying; an identifying name, title, or label.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"designación","language_family":"latin","root":"designatio","root_meaning":"a marking out, description","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"designation","meaning":"act of designating","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"designation","meaning":"appointment, designation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"designatio","meaning":"a marking out, description","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["designate","design","signal","insignia","signature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appointment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specification","formality":"technical"},{"word":"label","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"1aa04c70-d289-4731-8679-de67cf53af4c","word":"designed","definition":"Created, planned, or developed for a specific purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"diseñado","language_family":"french","root":"designer","root_meaning":"to mark out, point out","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"designed","meaning":"created with purpose","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"design","meaning":"to plan or create","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"designer","meaning":"to point out, mark","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["design","designer","redesigned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"created","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intended","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"e92fbfa1-efd4-43d4-8ddb-e4493275deeb","word":"designer","definition":"A person who plans the creation of objects, systems, or experiences.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diseñador","language_family":"french","root":"designer","root_meaning":"to mark out, devise, plan","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"designer","meaning":"one who designs","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"design","meaning":"to mark out, plan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"designare","meaning":"to mark out, appoint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"from, down","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"signare","meaning":"to mark, sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["design","designing","designate","designed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"architect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stylist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"213850d5-07ea-47ee-be48-6a89e4839efc","word":"designs","definition":"Creates plans or drawings for something; intentional purposes or schemes.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"diseña","language_family":"french","root":"designare","root_meaning":"to mark out, designate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"designs","meaning":"creates plans or marks out","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"design","meaning":"to mark out, plan","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"designer","meaning":"to mark out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"designare","meaning":"to mark out, designate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["design","designer","designate","redesign","designation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plans","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intends","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"b5c6c8b1-1357-462e-8741-957b3b4292f9","word":"desirable","definition":"Worth having or wanting; pleasing, excellent, or fine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"deseable","language_family":"latin","root":"desiderare","root_meaning":"to long for, wish for, desire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"desirable","meaning":"Worth having or wanting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"desirabill","meaning":"desirable","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"desiderabilis","meaning":"desirable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"desiderare","meaning":"to long for, wish for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["desire","desirous","undesirable","desideratum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attractive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coveted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appealing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"5e99cb1b-524d-4513-9e28-c2d9ab18ec59","word":"desire","definition":"A strong feeling of wanting something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"deseo","language_family":"french","root":"desirer","root_meaning":"to long for, wish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēsīderāre","meaning":"To long for, wish for, miss.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"desirer","meaning":"To long for, wish, want.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desire","meaning":"A strong wish, longing.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"deseo","meaning":"Desire, wish.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["desirable","desired","undesirable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"longing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yearning","formality":"formal"},{"word":"craving","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"5ce36278-192c-4e29-9c91-dd39e2efdb64","word":"desk","definition":"A piece of furniture with a flat surface for writing or working.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"desco","root_meaning":"table without a back","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"desk","meaning":"writing table","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"desk","meaning":"table or lectern","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desco","meaning":"table without back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discus","meaning":"disk, table","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["desktop","deskbound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"table","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"workstation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bureau","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"2a16856b-f757-4778-bf79-db03ba441e91","word":"desktop","definition":"The working surface of a desk, or a computer interface designed for display.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English desk + top","root_meaning":"desk + top","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"desktop","meaning":"surface of a desk; computer interface","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"desk","meaning":"a table for writing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desque","meaning":"a table","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"top","meaning":"the highest point","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["desk","desktop","laptop","tabletop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"work surface","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tabletop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interface","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"a7da390e-c90a-47e4-b9c6-5efbc0b5c575","word":"despair","definition":"The complete loss or absence of hope.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desespero","language_family":"latin","root":"desperare","root_meaning":"to be without hope","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*speh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"despair","meaning":"loss of hope","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desesperer","meaning":"to lose hope","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"desperare","meaning":"to be without hope","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sperare","meaning":"to hope","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["desperate","hope","prosper","spirit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hopelessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desperation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gloom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"ee174c43-fdab-490e-97bf-8db2512212c5","word":"desperate","definition":"Feeling or showing a hopeless sense that a situation is so bad as to be impossible to deal with.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"desesperado","language_family":"latin","root":"desperare","root_meaning":"to despair, to be without hope","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*speh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"desperate","meaning":"Feeling or showing a hopeless sense.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"desperare","meaning":"to despair","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sperare","meaning":"to hope","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["despair","hope","desperation","prosperous","sperate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hopeless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forlorn","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"5dfcac62-c4e6-4d21-a350-ff1d4eba958b","word":"desperation","definition":"Desperation is a state of extreme hopelessness or loss of hope.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desesperación","language_family":"latin","root":"desperare","root_meaning":"to lose hope","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"desperation","meaning":"extreme hopelessness or loss of hope","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin desperationem","meaning":"despair, hopelessness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin desperare","meaning":"to despair; to lose hope","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de- + sperare","meaning":"away from + to hope","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["despair","desperate","despairing","desperately"],"synonyms":[{"word":"despair","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hopelessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anguish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"5c12912a-13c5-4089-91c0-4dd7010a5ba3","word":"despicable","definition":"Deserving contempt; utterly vile.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"despicere","root_meaning":"to look down upon; despise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"despicable","meaning":"deserving contempt; utterly vile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"despicabilis","meaning":"despicable; deserving to be despised","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"despicere","meaning":"to look down upon; despise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look at","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*spek-","meaning":"to observe; look","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["despise","despicably","despicability","inspect","spectacle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contemptible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detestable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"eae9b28e-676d-4fe5-b0a1-93b837b57cb3","word":"despise","definition":"To feel contempt or a deep repugnance for.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"despreciar","language_family":"latin","root":"despicere","root_meaning":"look down on","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"despise","meaning":"to feel contempt for","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"despire","meaning":"to despise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"despicere","meaning":"to look down on","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inspect","respect","perspective","conspicuous","species"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scorn","formality":"literary"},{"word":"disdain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contemn","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"abhor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"4c25ef67-8d0e-4498-af7c-48baa652c248","word":"despite","definition":"without being affected by; in spite of.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"despecho","language_family":"french","root":"despectus","root_meaning":"scorned, despised","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"despite","meaning":"in spite of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"despite","meaning":"malice, disregard","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"despiter","meaning":"to scorn, disregard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"despectus","meaning":"scorned, despised","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["despise","despicable","despised"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notwithstanding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in spite of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regardless of","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"03fc46e1-4946-48af-abad-0f28162d16e6","word":"destination","definition":"The place to which something is sent or a person is traveling to.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"destinación","language_family":"latin","root":"destinare","root_meaning":"to make firm, to settle, to appoint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"destination","meaning":"place to which one is traveling","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"destination","meaning":"act of destining or place destined for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destinare","meaning":"to make firm, appoint, destine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stinare","meaning":"to make firm, stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["destine","destiny","destined","predestination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terminus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"target","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"goal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endpoint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"76b1e6fb-21b2-47da-87d9-d0b00b60deae","word":"destine","definition":"To determine or settle the future of someone or something in advance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"destinar","language_family":"latin","root":"destinare","root_meaning":"to fix, establish, destine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"destine","meaning":"to determine the future of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destinare","meaning":"to fix, establish, destine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down, completely","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stanare (from stare)","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["destination","destiny","destined","predestine","assistant","constant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foreordain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"predetermine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"b3956c27-a353-4c65-b560-8bd46799787a","word":"destiny","definition":"The events that will necessarily happen to a particular person or thing in the future; fate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"destino","language_family":"latin","root":"destinare","root_meaning":"to fix, establish, destine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"destiny","meaning":"predetermined course of events","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"destinee","meaning":"that which is destined","children":[{"era":"Late Latin","word":"destinée","meaning":"thing destined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destinare","meaning":"to fix, establish, destine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["destination","destined","predetermine","fate","predestination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fortune","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kismet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doom","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"f3050254-00fe-4695-bb72-4952bc4ef483","word":"destroy","definition":"To put an end to the existence of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"destruir","language_family":"french","root":"destruire","root_meaning":"to tear down, demolish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēstruere","meaning":"To tear down, demolish, from de + struere.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"destruire","meaning":"To tear down, ruin, demolish.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"destroy","meaning":"To demolish, ruin completely.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"destruir","meaning":"To destroy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["destruction","destructive","destroyer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demolish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"c49144c6-c370-44bd-aea5-6fa6e2100022","word":"destroyer","definition":"A person or thing that destroys, especially a warship designed to attack smaller vessels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"destructor","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin destruere","root_meaning":"to tear down, demolish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"destroyer","meaning":"one that destroys; also a warship class","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"destroy","meaning":"to ruin or tear down","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"destroyer","meaning":"to destroy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destruere","meaning":"to tear down, dismantle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["destroy","destroyed","destroying","destruction","destructive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wrecker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demolisher","formality":"technical"},{"word":"devastator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"a6209148-2f55-4616-b0fa-176d39973d38","word":"destruction","definition":"The action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"destrucción","language_family":"latin","root":"destructio","root_meaning":"a pulling down, destruction","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"destruction","meaning":"The action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"destruccioun","meaning":"destruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destructio","meaning":"a pulling down, destruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destruere","meaning":"to pull down, demolish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["destroy","destructive","construct","structure","instrument"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demolition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annihilation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"devastation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"01abd017-ed98-4803-ad06-ef574ec2e31f","word":"destructive","definition":"Destructive means causing great damage, ruin, or demolition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"destructivo","language_family":"latin","root":"destruere","root_meaning":"to tear down; unbuild","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"destructive","meaning":"causing damage or ruin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destructivus","meaning":"destructive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"destruere","meaning":"to tear down; destroy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["destruction","destroy","destructively","destructible","destructiveness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruinous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"damaging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harmful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devastating","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"4a745e23-ca19-4e87-bef4-c10cbd03bc9d","word":"detail","definition":"An individual feature or particular aspect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detalle","language_family":"french","root":"detail","root_meaning":"a cutting, small piece","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"dētaliāre","meaning":"To cut in pieces, from de + taliāre (to cut).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"detail","meaning":"A small piece, particular.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"detail","meaning":"An individual feature.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"detalle","meaning":"Detail.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["detailed","detailing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"particular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specificity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"dd39ba4a-007d-4bb6-91c0-bca2fa1bb6b5","word":"detailed","definition":"Containing or characterized by many small particulars or facts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"detallado","language_family":"french","root":"detail","root_meaning":"small pieces or particulars","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detailed","meaning":"characterized by attention to many particulars","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"detail","meaning":"a small particular or item","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"detail","meaning":"small pieces, particulars","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"de- + tailler","meaning":"to cut into pieces","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detail","detailing","detailednesss","detailer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thorough","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comprehensive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"specific","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meticulous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"b177df7c-e0bb-414e-bf3e-f6b472915190","word":"details","definition":"Specific pieces of information or small parts of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detalles","language_family":"french","root":"detail","root_meaning":"a small part cut off, a particular","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"details","meaning":"specific pieces of information","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"detail","meaning":"a small part or particular","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"de + tailler","meaning":"from + to cut","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detail","detailed","detailing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"particulars","formality":"formal"},{"word":"specifics","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"information","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"d99397cb-bc75-4f28-a186-0a8707246af2","word":"detect","definition":"To discover or identify the presence or existence of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"detectar","language_family":"latin","root":"detegere","root_meaning":"to uncover, disclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detect","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detectus","meaning":"past participle of detegere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detegere","meaning":"to uncover, disclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"away from, off","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tegere","meaning":"to cover","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*teg-","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detection","detective","cover","protection","latent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"identify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascertain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"f5eafa10-e14e-4e85-8510-755b26db70db","word":"detection","definition":"The action or process of identifying the presence of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detección","language_family":"latin","root":"tegere","root_meaning":"to cover","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detection","meaning":"The act of discovering","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"detectio","meaning":"uncovering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"from, away","language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tegere","meaning":"to cover","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detect","detective","protect","tegument"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discovery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"identification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncovering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"bd30457a-b4fc-4bbd-a615-1b93032fb7bc","word":"detective","definition":"A person, especially a police officer, whose function is to investigate and solve crimes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detective","language_family":"latin","root":"detegere","root_meaning":"uncover, expose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*(s)teg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detective","meaning":"A person, especially a police officer, whose function is to investigate and solve crimes.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"detect","meaning":"to uncover, discover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detegere","meaning":"to uncover, expose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"un-","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tegere","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detect","detection","investigator","sleuth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"investigator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sleuth","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gumshoe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"operative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"04f2b6c3-5549-4c50-b653-1d6c10e8d3f8","word":"detector","definition":"A device or substance used to sense the presence of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detector","language_family":"latin","root":"detectus","root_meaning":"uncovered, exposed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detector","meaning":"A device or substance used to sense the presence of something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detector","meaning":"uncoverer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detegere","meaning":"to uncover, expose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"un-","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tegere","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detect","detection","protect","tegument"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sensor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scanner","formality":"technical"},{"word":"indicator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"7ed17e7e-9fd1-4577-b354-679206d3c852","word":"detention","definition":"The act of holding someone in custody, especially as a punishment or before trial.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detención","language_family":"latin","root":"detentio","root_meaning":"a holding back, detention","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detention","meaning":"The act of holding someone in custody.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"detention","meaning":"a holding back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detentio","meaning":"a holding back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detinere","meaning":"to hold back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detain","tenacious","tenant","contain","abstention"],"synonyms":[{"word":"custody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confinement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incarceration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"7abd78aa-98ee-4209-85b4-535cb5723c26","word":"determination","definition":"The quality of being resolute or firm in purpose; the act of establishing or defining something precisely.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"determinación","language_family":"latin","root":"determinare","root_meaning":"to limit, fix, define","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"determination","meaning":"firmness of purpose","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"determinacion","meaning":"conclusion, settlement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"determinatio","meaning":"boundary, conclusion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"determinare","meaning":"to limit, fix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["determine","terminate","terminal","terms","pre-determine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resolve","formality":"formal"},{"word":"persistence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenacity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fortitude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"84076f2c-52bf-4548-9015-e5939bd36601","word":"determine","definition":"To decide or settle a matter with authority or to establish something precisely by investigation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"determinar","language_family":"latin","root":"determinare","root_meaning":"to limit, set bounds to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terme-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"determine","meaning":"to decide or establish","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"determine","meaning":"to set limits to, decide","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"determiner","meaning":"to limit, define","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"determinare","meaning":"to limit, set bounds to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["determination","determined","determinate","determinant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"establish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascertain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resolve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"7c871cd9-02e3-4b78-a4c0-b0c98438d366","word":"determined","definition":"Made a firm decision about something or ascertained something exactly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"determinado","language_family":"latin","root":"determine","root_meaning":"to fix the limits or form of","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"determined","meaning":"made a firm decision or ascertained exactly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"determine","meaning":"to fix boundaries, resolve","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"determiner","meaning":"to limit or bound","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"determinare","meaning":"to fix the limits of","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["determine","determination","determinant","determined"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resolved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascertained","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"9ca8795e-478e-47ae-8648-2b02eb3bb2d9","word":"detonate","definition":"To explode suddenly and violently, especially by an internal reaction or trigger.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"detonar","language_family":"latin","root":"tonare","root_meaning":"to thunder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detonate","meaning":"to explode suddenly and violently","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detonare","meaning":"to thunder down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonare","meaning":"to thunder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detonation","detonator","detonative","detonable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explode","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blast","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blow up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"go off","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"ac2039ba-b9ec-4312-beae-985e1b7fd1d1","word":"detonation","definition":"A violent explosion produced by the rapid release of energy, typically accompanied by a loud report.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detonación","language_family":"latin","root":"detonare","root_meaning":"to thunder down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*(s)tenh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detonation","meaning":"violent explosion with loud report","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"détonation","meaning":"explosion, thundering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detonationem","meaning":"act of thundering down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detonare","meaning":"to thunder down (de- + tonare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonare","meaning":"to thunder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detonate","detonator","detonative","tonal","tone","thunder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explosion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blast","formality":"informal"},{"word":"discharge","formality":"technical"},{"word":"report","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"e1b2126a-790e-4502-854a-b8914254bdbf","word":"detonator","definition":"A detonator is a device that initiates an explosion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detonador","language_family":"latin","root":"tonare","root_meaning":"to thunder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tenh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detonator","meaning":"a device that initiates an explosion","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"detonate","meaning":"to explode or cause to explode","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"detonare","meaning":"to thunder down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonare","meaning":"to thunder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["detonate","detonation","detonating","detonable","detonator cap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"firing cap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blasting cap","formality":"technical"},{"word":"initiator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"358924d1-f327-4f31-9f9e-6f7e99cdc380","word":"detour","definition":"A detour is a longer alternate route taken to avoid a road, obstacle, or direct path.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Latin tornare","root_meaning":"to turn; shape on a lathe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"detour","meaning":"a longer alternate route or deviation from the direct path","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"French détour","meaning":"a turn aside; a bypass","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French détourner","meaning":"to turn away or aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin tornare","meaning":"to turn on a lathe; shape round","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tour","turn","return","contour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diversion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bypass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deviation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"b2cb748b-56ea-4b2b-b8f5-0b1b646c2df1","word":"dev","definition":"Short for developer; a person who writes software code or develops applications.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"develop","root_meaning":"to unfold or reveal","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dev","meaning":"a software developer or programmer","children":[{"era":"2000s","word":"dev","meaning":"abbreviation of developer","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"developer","meaning":"one who develops","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"develop","meaning":"to unfold or reveal gradually","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["developer","development","develop","devs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"developer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"programmer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coder","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"3959537b-df7d-4924-a80c-43075c7d92ed","word":"devastate","definition":"To destroy or ruin something over a large area, or to cause great emotional distress.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"devastar","language_family":"latin","root":"devastare","root_meaning":"to lay waste","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Devastate","meaning":"to destroy","children":[{"era":null,"word":"devastare","meaning":"to lay waste","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"intensive prefix","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vastare","meaning":"to lay waste","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vastus","meaning":"empty, desolate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vast","waste","devastation","ravage","despoil","destroy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destroy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demolish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wreck","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"1239cec9-ccdc-45c2-9e0d-7f59c0ef7129","word":"devel","definition":"not a standard English word; possibly a misspelling or truncation of develop.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"devel","meaning":"not a standard word","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["develop","development","developer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"develop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"7576c01e-984b-467c-b113-d1b8455b926e","word":"develop","definition":"To grow or cause to grow and become more advanced.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desarrollar","language_family":"latin","root":"dis- + volūpāre","root_meaning":"to unwrap, unfold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dis- + volūpāre","meaning":"To unwrap, unfold.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"develop","meaning":"To grow, advance, unfold.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"desarrollar","meaning":"To develop, unfold.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["development","developer","developing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evolve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grow","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"45b0fdb6-a793-48a4-abe6-8edc70d6dbcd","word":"developed","definition":"Made more mature, advanced, or sophisticated; created and brought into being.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desarrollado","language_family":"french","root":"dé-","root_meaning":"from, away","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"developed","meaning":"made mature or advanced","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"develop","meaning":"to unfold, evolve","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"développer","meaning":"to unfold, unfurl","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dé-","meaning":"from, away","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["develop","developing","developer","development"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advanced","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"created","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evolved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matured","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"d111f15f-9f4d-42bd-9839-a49d718f87c2","word":"developer","definition":"A person or company that develops something, especially software or real estate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desarrollador","language_family":"french","root":"develop","root_meaning":"to unfold, unwrap","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"developer","meaning":"one who develops","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"develop","meaning":"to unfold, disclose","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"développer","meaning":"to unwrap, unfold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis- + volup","meaning":"to open, to unfold","children":[],"language":"Old French/Latin roots"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["develop","development","developer","developing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"builder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"programmer","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"62de1424-b07a-4e9d-89d6-ef797b1c9a9e","word":"developing","definition":"The process of growing, expanding, or bringing something to a more advanced or mature state.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desarrollando","language_family":"french","root":"enveloper","root_meaning":"to wrap up, unfold","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"developing","meaning":"causing growth or progress","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"develop","meaning":"to unfold, expand","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"développer","meaning":"to unfold, unwrap","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"enveloper","meaning":"to wrap up","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["develop","developer","development","developed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"growing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advancing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"progressing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evolving","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"2dabf928-bbec-4721-999d-030cd56c4edd","word":"development","definition":"The process of growing or improving over time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desarrollo","language_family":"french","root":"developper","root_meaning":"to unwrap, unfold","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"development","meaning":"process of growth and improvement","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"development","meaning":"unfolding, growth","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"developper","meaning":"to unwrap, unfold","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["develop","developer","developmental","developed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"progress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"growth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advancement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"0c21c139-7da9-413b-b835-42482fe3647f","word":"deviant","definition":"Departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"desviado","language_family":"latin","root":"deviantem","root_meaning":"turning aside from a path","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deviant","meaning":"Departing from usual or accepted standards.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deviantem","meaning":"turning aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deviare","meaning":"to turn aside from a path","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deviate","deviation","devious","via"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abnormal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unconventional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perverse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"f13c1836-b0a4-4021-80fa-2a99c8070721","word":"deviation","definition":"The action of departing from an established course, standard, or norm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desviación","language_family":"latin","root":"deviare","root_meaning":"to turn aside from a road","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"deviation","meaning":"a turning aside","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"déviation","meaning":"a turning aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deviatio","meaning":"a turning aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"deviare","meaning":"to turn aside from a road","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"via","meaning":"road, way","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deviate","via","obvious","previous","convey","voyage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divergence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"anomaly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"departure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aberration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"791a808b-d4dc-489d-88ca-6a19b3e6c94b","word":"device","definition":"A tool, instrument, or piece of equipment designed to perform a specific function.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dispositivo","language_family":"latin","root":"dividere","root_meaning":"to divide, to separate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"device","meaning":"a tool or instrument for a specific function","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"device","meaning":"contrivance, design, cunning plan","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"devis","meaning":"division, design, contrivance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"devisare","meaning":"to divide, to devise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dividere","meaning":"to divide, to separate","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*dwi-","meaning":"two, apart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["devise","divide","division","devious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instrument","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"096a9c35-5fcf-4236-8c09-afcb4fb29a56","word":"devices","definition":"Tools, instruments, or machines designed to perform a specific function; schemes or stratagems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dispositivos","language_family":"french","root":"devisare","root_meaning":"to divide, to devise","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"devices","meaning":"tools, instruments, schemes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"device","meaning":"contrivance, scheme","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"devise","meaning":"to divide, to arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"divisare","meaning":"to divide","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["device","devise","devised","devious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tools","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instruments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gadgets","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mechanisms","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"c35d7791-ceaf-47fe-a31c-dbe8b98cf576","word":"devil","definition":"An evil spirit or demon, especially Satan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diablo","language_family":"greek","root":"diabolos","root_meaning":"slanderer","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"devil","meaning":"evil spirit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dēofol","meaning":"devil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diabolus","meaning":"devil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diabolos","meaning":"slanderer","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diabolic","devilish","deviled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiend","formality":"literary"},{"word":"satan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"5812de3f-28de-41cf-86ea-f67e2cace73f","word":"devious","definition":"Wily, dishonest, or circuitous in behavior or design.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"via","root_meaning":"road, way","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"devious","meaning":"wily, dishonest, or indirect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin devius","meaning":"off the road; out of the way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"away from; off","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix"},{"era":"classical","word":"via","meaning":"road, way","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *wegh-","meaning":"to go, travel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deviate","deviation","deviant","deviance","deviously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indirect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circuitous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crooked","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"9816ddbb-e18d-4784-828b-c45ab67476fc","word":"devote","definition":"To give all or a large part of one's time or resources to a person, activity, or cause.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"devoto","language_family":"latin","root":"devovere","root_meaning":"to vow, dedicate, promise solemnly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"devote","meaning":"dedicate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"devotare","meaning":"to vow, dedicate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"devovere","meaning":"to vow, dedicate, promise solemnly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"de-","meaning":"down, completely","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vovere","meaning":"to vow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["devout","devotion","vow","votive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dedicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consecrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"bc75a26b-e1bd-403b-af6b-759d05fac655","word":"devour","definition":"Devour means to eat something greedily or consume it completely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"devorar","language_family":"latin","root":"vorare","root_meaning":"to swallow; devour","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"devour","meaning":"to eat something greedily or consume it completely","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"devorer","meaning":"to devour","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"devorare","meaning":"to swallow up; devour","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vorare","meaning":"to swallow; devour","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["devour","devouring","devoured","devourer","voracious","voracity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swallow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gobble up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"01a3c6d5-789d-4dee-adaa-aac9c1611f5a","word":"dew","definition":"Tiny drops of water that condense on cool surfaces, especially overnight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*dauwaz","root_meaning":"dew","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dew","meaning":"tiny drops of water formed by condensation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dēaw","meaning":"dew","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dauwaz","meaning":"dew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dewy","dewdrop","dewfall","dewberry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moisture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condensation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dampness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"86ac37b3-56c3-428a-9473-49d633d3c00e","word":"dewey","definition":"Covered with or resembling dew.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dēaw","root_meaning":"dew","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰewh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dewey","meaning":"covered with dew","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dewy","meaning":"from dew","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dēaw","meaning":"dew","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dew","damp","moist","showery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"damp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"c1bb08b4-0194-4d02-a0fe-00d31ba9ce17","word":"dexter","definition":"Pertaining to or situated on the right side.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"diestro","language_family":"latin","root":"dexter","root_meaning":"right, on the right side","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deḱs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dexter","meaning":"on the right side","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dexter","meaning":"right, on the right side","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dextrous","dexterity","ambidextrous","dextrose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"right","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skillful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adroit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"8b891a9a-e4a8-4529-b221-e1a38c29d674","word":"dharma","definition":"In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, the principle of law, duty, and proper order.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"dhárma-","root_meaning":"law, duty, support, order","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dharma","meaning":"the principle of law, duty, and proper order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dharma","meaning":"law, duty, cosmic order","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dʰer-","meaning":"to hold, support, sustain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dharmic","adharma","dharmaśāstra","dharma-sūtra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"law","formality":"formal"},{"word":"duty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"order","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"76d5b00d-52d0-413a-99b4-766090a5866d","word":"diabetes","definition":"A disease in which the body's ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diabetes","language_family":"greek","root":"diabetes","root_meaning":"a passing through, a siphon","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diabetes","meaning":"A metabolic disease","children":[{"era":"1st century AD","word":"diabetes","meaning":"siphon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diabetes","meaning":"a passing through, a siphon (referring to the excessive urination)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dia-","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"bainein","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diabetic","diuresis","siphon","go"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sugar disease","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mellitus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"e6738c43-370c-4ab6-8d60-6bbff3446124","word":"diabetic","definition":"Relating to diabetes, from Greek words meaning \"passing through\".","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"diabético","language_family":"greek","root":"bainein","root_meaning":"to go; step","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diabetic","meaning":"relating to diabetes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diabeticus","meaning":"diabetic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"διαβητικός (diabētikós)","meaning":"passing through; diabetic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"διαβαίνειν (diabainein)","meaning":"to pass through","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bainein","meaning":"to go; step","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diabetes","diabeticus","diabetology","diabetics","diabetogenic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glycemic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"diabetes-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hyperglycemic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"44a13e0a-ab6a-4fb1-806f-39028444afcc","word":"diagnose","definition":"To identify the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"diagnosticar","language_family":"greek","root":"diagnōsis","root_meaning":"discernment, distinction","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diagnose","meaning":"identify an illness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diagnōsis","meaning":"discernment, distinction","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diagnosis","prognosis","gnostic","recognize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"identify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"determine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pinpoint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"02f9e383-cbeb-41b2-baaa-f60b488e6850","word":"diagnosis","definition":"The identification of the nature of an illness or problem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diagnóstico","language_family":"greek","root":"diagnōsis","root_meaning":"a discerning, distinguishing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"diágnōsis (διάγνωσις)","meaning":"A discerning, distinguishing. From dia- (apart) + gignōskein (to know).","children":[{"era":"1680s","word":"diagnosis","meaning":"Identification of a disease.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"diagnóstico","meaning":"Diagnosis.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["diagnose","diagnostic","prognosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assessment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"identification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verdict","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"fdb5d83a-fdad-4dac-8c49-d47b77af3b8e","word":"diagnostic","definition":"Relating to the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"diagnóstico","language_family":"greek","root":"diagnostikos","root_meaning":"skilled in distinguishing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diagnostic","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diagnostikos","meaning":"skilled in distinguishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diagignoskein","meaning":"to distinguish, discern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dia- + gignoskein","meaning":"through + to know","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gno-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diagnose","prognosis","agnostic","knowledge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"analytical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evaluative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investigative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"629dc311-c05c-42de-89f0-2cc4569e51d9","word":"diagram","definition":"A simplified drawing showing the appearance, structure, or workings of something; a schematic representation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diagrama","language_family":"greek","root":"diagramma","root_meaning":"figure, plan, outline","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diagram","meaning":"schematic representation","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"diagramma","meaning":"geometric figure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diagramma","meaning":"figure, plan, outline","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dia-","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"graphein","meaning":"to write, draw","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grammar","graph","paragraph","epigram","program","telegram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graph","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scheme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blueprint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"18cf6379-a506-4578-b4e2-c60e27c5cce9","word":"dial","definition":"A face of a clock or watch, or a control knob on an appliance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"dialis","root_meaning":"daily","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*dyeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dial","meaning":"clock face, knob","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dialis","meaning":"daily","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dies","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diary","diurnal","meridian","journey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"face","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gauge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indicator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"73fa0760-11f1-41b5-8dcb-4ba30a341737","word":"dialect","definition":"A form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area or by a particular group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dialecto","language_family":"greek","root":"dialektos","root_meaning":"discourse, way of speaking","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"diálektos (διάλεκτος)","meaning":"Discourse, conversation, a way of speaking. From dialegesthai (to converse).","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"dialect","meaning":"A regional variety of language.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"dialecto","meaning":"Dialect.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["dialectal","dialectic","dialogue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vernacular","formality":"formal"},{"word":"idiom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patois","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"7d0ee95c-e3e8-468f-b582-0eab2335c870","word":"dialog","definition":"A conversational passage or a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diálogo","language_family":"greek","root":"dialogos","root_meaning":"conversation, discourse","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dialog","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dialogue","meaning":"dialogue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dialogus","meaning":"dialogue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dialogos","meaning":"conversation, discourse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dia-","meaning":"through, across","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"logos","meaning":"word, speech, reason","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monologue","trialogue","logorrhea"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conversation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discussion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"5c52c026-484d-4892-93ec-ea4effcd8bd7","word":"dialogue","definition":"A conversation between two or more people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diálogo","language_family":"greek","root":"dialogos","root_meaning":"conversation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"diálogos (διάλογος)","meaning":"Conversation, discourse. From dia- (through) + logos (word, speech).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dialogue","meaning":"A conversation or exchange.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"diálogo","meaning":"Dialogue.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["dialog","monologue","prologue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conversation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discussion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discourse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"c729bbeb-9806-444c-a841-c039c39c59c5","word":"diameter","definition":"A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diámetro","language_family":"greek","root":"diametros","root_meaning":"measuring across","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diameter","meaning":"A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a body or figure.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diametros (διάμετρος)","meaning":"measuring across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dia- (through) + metron (measure)","meaning":"through measure","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*meh₁-","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metric","meter","geometry","diagonal","periphery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"width","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breadth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cross-section","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"4dc9f235-6936-461b-9fef-8902e12efc47","word":"diamond","definition":"A precious gemstone made of crystallized carbon, the hardest naturally occurring mineral.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diamante","language_family":"greek","root":"adamant-","root_meaning":"unconquerable, hard","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diamond","meaning":"precious gemstone of crystallized carbon","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"diamond","meaning":"hard precious stone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"diamaunt","meaning":"diamond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adamant","meaning":"unconquerable, hard","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adamant","adamantine","diamonds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gemstone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precious stone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brilliant","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"e389e2f3-aac9-4a74-9149-6b4f132d9b5d","word":"diarrhea","definition":"Frequent, watery evacuation of the bowels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diarrea","language_family":"greek","root":"diarrhoia","root_meaning":"flowing through","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diarrhea","meaning":"frequent, watery evacuation of the bowels","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diarrhoia","meaning":"diarrhea; a flowing through","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dia-","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"rhein","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diarrhoea","diarrheal","diarrhetic","diarrhoeal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diarrhoea","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loose bowels","formality":"informal"},{"word":"flux","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"ffd0d05d-90b9-4e5d-b07c-c5606363f005","word":"diary","definition":"A daily record of events, thoughts, or experiences.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diario","language_family":"latin","root":"diarium","root_meaning":"daily allowance, daily record","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"dies","meaning":"Day.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"diarium","meaning":"Daily ration, daily record.","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"diary","meaning":"Daily journal.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"diario","meaning":"Diary, daily paper.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["diarist","diurnal","journal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"logbook","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chronicle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"5c8c4ee4-def4-4909-9ed8-47a361466cd3","word":"dibs","definition":"An informal claim to first choice or possession of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dibs","meaning":"An informal claim to first choice or possession of something.","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dib","dibbed","dibbing","dibber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"claim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reservation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"right","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"be7d795d-fbba-47c5-9b98-aae176b78297","word":"dice","definition":"Small cubes, typically marked with spots on each side, used in games of chance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dados","language_family":"latin","root":"datum","root_meaning":"something given or thrown","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dice","meaning":"game pieces","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dis","meaning":"die (game piece)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"datum","meaning":"something given or thrown","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["die","datam","data"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cubes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gaming cubes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"randomizers","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"8538a3c7-5eab-438a-90c5-446b0c871dad","word":"dickens","definition":"A mild archaic exclamation used in place of 'devil' or to express surprise or annoyance.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dickens","meaning":"a euphemistic exclamation","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"euphemistic substitute","meaning":"used in place of a taboo name such as 'devil'; origin uncertain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 / classical","word":"devil","meaning":"the taboo concept the euphemism replaced","children":[],"language":"Old English / Latin"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["devil","deuce","devilish","the dickens","Dick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the deuce","formality":"literary"},{"word":"the devil","formality":"informal"},{"word":"drat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"what on earth","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"020476a8-f8fb-402e-90c2-5c494cd74812","word":"dickhead","definition":"A foolish, obnoxious, or contemptible person (vulgar slang).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dick + head","root_meaning":"penis + head","root_language":"English (compound from Germanic roots)","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":"*teig- (for dick) + *kaput- (for head)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dickhead","meaning":"foolish person (vulgar)","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"dick","meaning":"penis (slang)","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"top part of body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heafod","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dick","head","blockhead","meathead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"moron","formality":"informal"},{"word":"asshole","formality":"vulgar"},{"word":"fool","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"8bdd1dc1-9178-40b1-872b-832a12f9458f","word":"dictate","definition":"To speak or read aloud for another person to write down, or to give orders authoritatively.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dictar","language_family":"latin","root":"dīcō","root_meaning":"to say, speak","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dictate","meaning":"to speak or read aloud for another person to write down, or to give orders authoritatively","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictātum","meaning":"a thing said; something dictated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictātus","meaning":"having dictated; dictated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictō","meaning":"to say repeatedly; to dictate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dīcō","meaning":"to say; speak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dictation","dictator","dictionary","dictum","edict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"command","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prescribe","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"2b5ad7f1-66fa-4a91-b337-befe56baf2d4","word":"dictator","definition":"A ruler who holds absolute power, often without democratic limits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dictador","language_family":"latin","root":"dictator","root_meaning":"one who says or appoints","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dictator","meaning":"a ruler who holds absolute power, often without democratic limits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictator","meaning":"a magistrate appointed in an emergency","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictare","meaning":"to say repeatedly; to prescribe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, speak, declare","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dictate","dictation","dictum","diction","dictionary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"autocrat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"despot","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tyrant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"701ca5d8-3147-40de-b274-75dc867e4887","word":"dictatorship","definition":"A form of government ruled by a dictator with concentrated, usually unchecked power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dictadura","language_family":"latin","root":"dictator","root_meaning":"one who orders or dictates","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dictatorship","meaning":"A form of government ruled by a dictator with concentrated, usually unchecked power.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictator","meaning":"one who gives orders","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictāre","meaning":"to dictate, say repeatedly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, speak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ship","meaning":"state, condition, office","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-scipe","meaning":"state or quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dictator","dictate","dictation","dictum","edict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"autocracy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"despotism","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tyranny","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"35a9947c-9cba-48f1-b121-f33e0ded936b","word":"dictionary","definition":"A reference book containing words alphabetically arranged with definitions, pronunciations, etymologies, and other information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diccionario","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin dictionarium","root_meaning":"collection of words","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dictionary","meaning":"book of words with definitions","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"dictionary","meaning":"reference of words and meanings","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"dictionarium","meaning":"collection of words","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dictio","meaning":"word, expression, way of speaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, speak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dictum","dictation","diction","dictate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lexicon","formality":"formal"},{"word":"glossary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vocabulary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thesaurus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"8227e09a-1475-434f-bf99-cd78124973c7","word":"did","definition":"Past tense of do; performed an action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"doen","root_meaning":"to do, to make","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"did","meaning":"performed an action","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dide","meaning":"did, made","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"doen","meaning":"to do, to make","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["do","does","done","doing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"executed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accomplished","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"0b179fdb-d301-42e6-a16a-1ceb98d3d7cb","word":"die","definition":"To cease living or to undergo death; or a small cube marked with dots used in games.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deyen","root_meaning":"to die or fade","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"die","meaning":"to cease living","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"die","meaning":"to cease living","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deyen","meaning":"to die or cease","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*dhew-","meaning":"to die or come to an end","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dies","died","dying","death","dead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pass away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"succumb","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"935048db-b740-4a1d-8f07-14edc4f03da8","word":"died","definition":"Past tense of die; ceased to live or exist.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"deyja","root_meaning":"to die, cease","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*dhew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"died","meaning":"ceased living","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"die","meaning":"to cease to live","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"deyja","meaning":"to die, languish","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*dhew-","meaning":"to die, fade, disappear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["die","death","dead","deadly","dying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expired","formality":"formal"},{"word":"passed away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"succumbed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"5df05af3-2e9d-4ec3-a266-658b96345b37","word":"diego","definition":"A male given name, primarily used in Spanish-speaking cultures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Diego","language_family":"other","root":"Didacus","root_meaning":"teacher","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diego","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Diego","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Didacus","meaning":"teacher","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Didactic","didacticism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"James","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Santiago","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"3da1694a-382e-4e9c-ac30-0abd74de18f3","word":"diet","definition":"The kinds of food that a person or animal regularly consumes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dieta","language_family":"latin","root":"diaita","root_meaning":"way of living, regimen","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diet","meaning":"regular food consumption","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"diete","meaning":"dietary regimen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diaita","meaning":"way of living, regimen","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dietary","dietician","dietic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regimen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nutrition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"food intake","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"4c6da877-212e-4b63-8f89-d92d33bd5d97","word":"dietary","definition":"Relating to a person's diet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dietético","language_family":"greek","root":"diaita","root_meaning":"a way of life, regimen","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dietary","meaning":"relating to diet","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"dietary","meaning":"relating to diet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diaeta","meaning":"prescribed way of life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diaita","meaning":"way of life, regimen","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diet","dietitian","dietetics","dieting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nutritional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alimentary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"caloric","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"d2ce060d-b1e2-4e2d-992d-3370018100ca","word":"diff","definition":"A difference or the output of a command showing differences between files.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"differ","root_meaning":"to carry apart, to disagree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diff","meaning":"difference or output showing file differences","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"differ","meaning":"to be unlike or disagree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"differre","meaning":"to carry apart, to disagree","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["differ","difference","different","differential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"variance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"1cdec38a-1522-4f33-baf7-767ca9a2a911","word":"differ","definition":"To be unlike or distinct from something else, or to disagree.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"diferir","language_family":"latin","root":"differre","root_meaning":"to carry apart, to postpone, to be different","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"differ","meaning":"to be unlike or disagree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"differre","meaning":"to carry apart, to postpone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["difference","different","defer","ferry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disagree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diverge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"2623a078-7d32-47be-8453-05e99bea7ca0","word":"difference","definition":"The quality or state of being unlike or distinct; the remainder after subtraction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diferencia","language_family":"latin","root":"differentia","root_meaning":"diversity, distinction","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"difference","meaning":"state of being unlike","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"difference","meaning":"distinction, diversity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"differentia","meaning":"diversity, distinction","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["different","differ","differential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distinction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contrast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divergence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"3ea03c70-3081-4457-9ea1-7623ea9e2186","word":"differences","definition":"Plural of difference; ways in which people or things are not the same or distinct from each other.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diferencias","language_family":"latin","root":"differre","root_meaning":"to carry apart, differ","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*fer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"differences","meaning":"distinctions, dissimilarities","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"difference","meaning":"distinction, disagreement","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"difference","meaning":"difference, quarrel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"differentia","meaning":"difference, distinction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"differre","meaning":"to carry apart, differ","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["different","differ","differential","differentiate","difference"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distinctions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dissimilarities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contrasts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"variations","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"c1893a6e-133f-489e-b3ab-38d6d240ce05","word":"different","definition":"Not the same as another; unlike in nature, form, or quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"diferente","language_family":"french","root":"differens","root_meaning":"differing, unlike","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"300s BCE","word":"differre","meaning":"To carry apart, to differ.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"different","meaning":"Unlike, distinct.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"different","meaning":"Not the same; distinct.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"diferente","meaning":"Different.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["difference","differentiate","indifferent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distinct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unlike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unique","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"79c77302-2327-4b78-98fd-d286cc81d35b","word":"differential","definition":"Relating to or showing a difference.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"diferencial","language_family":"latin","root":"differens","root_meaning":"carrying apart, differing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"differential","meaning":"Relating to or showing a difference.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"differens","meaning":"carrying apart, differing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["difference","differentiate","differ","defer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distinctive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discriminatory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"varying","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"c15265df-6f10-496b-9a6f-a85e3e53a1fd","word":"difficult","definition":"Hard to do, accomplish, or understand; requiring effort or skill.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"difícil","language_family":"latin","root":"difficilis","root_meaning":"hard to manage, troublesome","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"difficult","meaning":"hard to accomplish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"difficile","meaning":"hard, troublesome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"difficilis","meaning":"hard to manage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis- + facilis","meaning":"not easy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["difficulty","difficultly","facilitate","facile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"challenging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arduous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"complicated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"b07e1a17-9a12-4942-802c-0891fda1e304","word":"difficulty","definition":"The state or condition of being hard to do or accomplish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dificultad","language_family":"latin","root":"difficultas","root_meaning":"hardness, trouble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhū-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"difficulty","meaning":"The state or condition of being hard to do...","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"difficulte","meaning":"difficulty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"difficultas","meaning":"hardness, trouble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"difficilis","meaning":"hard to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["difficult","facilitate","facile","faculty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"challenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hardship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obstacle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"564feb39-d132-494f-b2fc-970d229c9d45","word":"dig","definition":"To break up and move earth with a tool or by hand.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dīcian","root_meaning":"to make a dike, ditch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dīg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dig","meaning":"to break up and move earth","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"diggen","meaning":"to dig, delve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dīcian","meaning":"to make a dike, ditch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ditch","dike","trench","grave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excavate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"burrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scoop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"ab7d7286-47a7-48d6-8edb-7828b1fd7379","word":"digest","definition":"Break down food in the alimentary canal into substances that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"digerir","language_family":"latin","root":"digerere","root_meaning":"to separate, divide, dissolve, arrange","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"digest","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"digerere","meaning":"to separate, divide, dissolve, arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gerere","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gesture","gerund","suggest","register","belligerent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"process","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absorb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assimilate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"break down","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"8417646d-099b-4a4b-876c-996b3f65d611","word":"digit","definition":"A numeral from 0 to 9, or a finger or toe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dígito","language_family":"latin","root":"digitus","root_meaning":"finger, toe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"digit","meaning":"numeral, finger","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"digit","meaning":"finger, toe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"digitus","meaning":"finger, toe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["digital","digitate","prestidigitation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"number","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"numeral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"450982f0-04a4-4642-be87-301c6d3cbfa1","word":"digital","definition":"Relating to or using data in the form of digits or numerical values, especially in computing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"digital","language_family":"latin","root":"digitus","root_meaning":"finger, digit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"digital","meaning":"relating to numerical data","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"digit","meaning":"a single numerical symbol or finger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"digitus","meaning":"finger","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["digit","digitize","digitally","finger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numerical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"electronic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"computerized","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"a13f2020-334e-4d7e-b7cf-c2d860437ec0","word":"dignify","definition":"To give someone or something a more honorable or respectable appearance or status.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dignificar","language_family":"latin","root":"dignus","root_meaning":"worthy; deserving of honor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dignify","meaning":"to give honor or worth to","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dignify","meaning":"to make worthy or honorable","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"dignificare","meaning":"to make worthy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dignus","meaning":"worthy; fit; honorable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dignity","dignitary","dignified","indignity","condign"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ennoble","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elevate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glorify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"4796454b-a7a2-40c2-a8f7-6fd3436d55c0","word":"dignity","definition":"The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dignidad","language_family":"latin","root":"dignitas","root_meaning":"worthiness, merit, honor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dignity","meaning":"Worthiness of respect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dignité","meaning":"dignity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dignitas","meaning":"worthiness, merit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dignify","dignified","indignity","condign"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-respect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decorum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"946070ba-de51-4531-a672-2a007895925a","word":"dilemma","definition":"A dilemma is a situation that forces a choice between two difficult alternatives.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dilema","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek δίλημμα","root_meaning":"double proposition; choice between two things","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwóh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dilemma","meaning":"a choice between two difficult alternatives","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dilemma","meaning":"a double proposition or argument with two horns","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"δίλημμα","meaning":"double proposition; dilemma","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"di- + lemma","meaning":"\"two\" + \"premise/proposition\"","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dilemmas","dilemmatic","dilemmatize","dilemmatically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"predicament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quandary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"problem","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"f0802c7b-a935-4ddd-8d93-eaa08999f06b","word":"dilettante","definition":"A person with a superficial interest in an art or branch of knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diletante","language_family":"latin","root":"dilettare","root_meaning":"to delight","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"delectare","meaning":"To allure, delight.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dilettare","meaning":"To delight.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"dilettante","meaning":"Lover of the arts.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"dilettante","meaning":"Amateur in the arts.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"diletante","meaning":"Dilettante.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["dilettantism","delight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amateur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dabbler","formality":"informal"},{"word":"aficionado","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"bbae29b1-4c86-4a4b-b55f-cff603bd1e68","word":"dillon","definition":"A common surname, primarily of Irish origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Ó Duilleáin","root_meaning":"descendant of Duilleán","root_language":"Old Irish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Dillon","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Ó Duilleáin","meaning":"descendant of Duilleán","children":[],"language":"Old Irish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Dillons","MacDillon"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"5a4977c9-59a5-40ea-8714-8650f7694ed1","word":"dim","definition":"Not shining brightly or clearly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dimm","root_meaning":"dark, obscure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dim","meaning":"Not shining brightly or clearly.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dimm","meaning":"dark, obscure","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dimmaz","meaning":"dark, misty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dusk","mist","dense"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gloomy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murky","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"f4fa9251-9577-45a7-ad53-aba4c7571302","word":"dimension","definition":"A measurable extent of some kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or height.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dimensión","language_family":"latin","root":"dimensio","root_meaning":"measurement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*me-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dimension","meaning":"measurable extent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dimensio","meaning":"a measuring (from dimetiri)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"di-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"metiri","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["measure","immense","meter","commensurate","demeter","mensurable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aspect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proportion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"b496f1e1-5150-486f-90c7-a24e3be67552","word":"dimensional","definition":"Relating to or involving dimensions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dimensional","language_family":"latin","root":"dimensio","root_meaning":"a measuring out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dimensional","meaning":"related to dimension","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"dimension","meaning":"dimensio (a measuring out)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dimetiri","meaning":"to measure out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"metiri","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dimension","measure","immense","meter","metrical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spatial","formality":"technical"},{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"size-related","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"235e8787-c48f-43eb-b3da-3ba6894232ad","word":"din","definition":"A loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"dyn","root_meaning":"noise, loud sound","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰewn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"din","meaning":"A loud, unpleasant noise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dyn","meaning":"noise, loud sound","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dynamic","thunder","drone","clamor","racket"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clamor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"racket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uproar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"dfaa5252-f2d8-4678-8c12-53c77be7c1ec","word":"dining","definition":"The act of eating dinner or a meal; a room or establishment for eating.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dinando","language_family":"french","root":"diner","root_meaning":"to dine, to have breakfast","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dining","meaning":"eating a meal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dine","meaning":"to eat dinner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"diner","meaning":"to breakfast, to dine","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dine","dinner","diner","dining room"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feasting","formality":"literary"},{"word":"supping","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"76eb2fce-aa88-4c2b-93d1-e83859b82ffe","word":"dinner","definition":"The main meal of the day, typically eaten in the evening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dinar","language_family":"french","root":"disner","root_meaning":"to dine","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dinner","meaning":"evening meal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dinner","meaning":"midday meal","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"disner","meaning":"meal, lunch","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"desjeuner","meaning":"breakfast","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dine","diner","dining"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repast","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"3ce1a3a3-2ab1-40f3-be84-da840eba1f96","word":"dinosaur","definition":"An extinct reptile of the Mesozoic era, often of enormous size.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dinosaurio","language_family":"greek","root":"deinos + sauros","root_meaning":"terrible lizard","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"deinós (δεινός) + saûros (σαῦρος)","meaning":"Terrible lizard. Coined by Richard Owen in 1842 from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1842","word":"dinosaur","meaning":"A prehistoric giant reptile.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"dinosaurio","meaning":"Dinosaur.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["pterosaur","thesaurus","brontosaurus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prehistoric reptile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fossil creature","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b6c637dd-c25f-4399-87b7-df5ac7fc3629","word":"dioxide","definition":"An oxide containing two atoms of oxygen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dióxido","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek di-","root_meaning":"two; twice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dioxide","meaning":"an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"di-","meaning":"two; twice","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dwo-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"1700s","word":"oxide","meaning":"an oxygen compound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek oxys","meaning":"sharp, acid","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oxide","monoxide","trioxide","peroxide","binoxide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oxide","formality":"technical"},{"word":"binary oxide","formality":"technical"},{"word":"binoxide","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"a78a8240-a803-4030-adb5-32a6abffbcd7","word":"dip","definition":"To immerse briefly in a liquid.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dyppan","root_meaning":"to dip, immerse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dip","meaning":"To immerse briefly in a liquid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dyppan","meaning":"to dip, immerse","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deep","dive","dupe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immerse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dunk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"0981a86f-4e5d-4d11-84d7-7147cd27f8cc","word":"diploma","definition":"A certificate awarded by an educational institution to show completion of study.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diploma","language_family":"greek","root":"diplōma","root_meaning":"folded paper, letter of recommendation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"díplōma (δίπλωμα)","meaning":"A thing folded double, a letter folded double. From diploun (to double).","children":[{"era":"1640s","word":"diploma","meaning":"An official certificate of achievement.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"diploma","meaning":"Diploma.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["diplomacy","diplomat","diplomatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"certificate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"degree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"credential","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2dd75c35-7358-4ec5-b79e-929cdd5581bc","word":"diplomat","definition":"A diplomat is a person who represents a government in formal international relations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diplomático","language_family":"french","root":"diploma","root_meaning":"folded paper; official document","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diplomat","meaning":"a person who represents a government in formal international relations","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"diplomate","meaning":"a diplomat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diploma","meaning":"an official document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diplōma","meaning":"a folded document","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diplomatic","diplomacy","diploma","diplomaticity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ambassador","formality":"formal"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"negotiator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"a7709856-ef25-4695-8c5d-3e9a0f0abb98","word":"diplomatic","definition":"Of or concerning the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"diplomático","language_family":"greek","root":"diploma","root_meaning":"folded paper, official document","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diplomatic","meaning":"Of or concerning international relations","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"diplomatique","meaning":"of diplomacy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diploma","meaning":"official document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diploma","meaning":"folded paper","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diplomacy","diplomat","diplomatist","diplomatically","diplomas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tactful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"politic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statesmanlike","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"7bd50b4c-6618-4e79-899d-576dd55a0b22","word":"dire","definition":"Dire means extremely serious, urgent, or threatening in outcome.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"dirus","root_meaning":"fearful, dreadful, ominous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dire","meaning":"extremely serious; dreadful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dirus","meaning":"fearful, dreadful, ominous","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["direly","direful","direfulness","direness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grave","formality":"formal"},{"word":"severe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"serious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"e4603b97-7156-48dc-9833-5b8c706abef3","word":"direct","definition":"To manage or guide the course of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dirigir","language_family":"latin","root":"dīrigere","root_meaning":"to set straight, guide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dīrigere","meaning":"To set straight, arrange, guide.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"direct","meaning":"To guide, manage.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"dirigir","meaning":"To direct, lead.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["direction","director","directly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oversee","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"06ed7aa1-01ff-4f96-b780-7bbbd0b6542b","word":"direction","definition":"The course along which something moves or the instruction guiding a person toward a destination or action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dirección","language_family":"latin","root":"dirigere","root_meaning":"to guide or steer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"direction","meaning":"course or instruction","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"direction","meaning":"act of directing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"direction","meaning":"guidance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dirigere","meaning":"to guide or steer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["direct","director","directive","directing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guidance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instruction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"course","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"5d2284da-ff52-408a-b1da-c996005774ed","word":"directions","definition":"Instructions or guidance indicating how to reach a destination or how to do something; courses along which something moves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"direcciones","language_family":"latin","root":"dirigere","root_meaning":"to guide, to direct, to steer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"directions","meaning":"guidance or courses of movement","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"direction","meaning":"act of directing, guidance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"direction","meaning":"guidance, management","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dirigere","meaning":"to direct, to guide, to steer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, asunder","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to rule, to guide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["direct","directive","director","directory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instructions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paths","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"c57f22cf-3b28-49fc-8274-c0a7245ec0e2","word":"directive","definition":"An official instruction or order issued by a higher authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"directiva","language_family":"latin","root":"dirigere","root_meaning":"to set straight, arrange","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"directive","meaning":"An official instruction.","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"directivus","meaning":"pertaining to directing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"directus","meaning":"straight, direct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dirigere","meaning":"to set straight, arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to guide, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["direct","direction","director","directory","rectify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instruction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"command","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"f9634d2e-ed98-4ddf-aa32-e93ea51b65fe","word":"directly","definition":"In a straight line or manner without intervening persons or things; immediately.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"directamente","language_family":"latin","root":"directus","root_meaning":"straightened, guided, arranged","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"directly","meaning":"in a straight manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"direct","meaning":"to guide, to arrange in line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"directus","meaning":"straightened, arranged","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["direct","direction","director","directive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immediately","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"straight","formality":"informal"},{"word":"plainly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"caab5897-1aee-4c5f-9c9c-2e3fc2be1dd7","word":"director","definition":"A person who manages, controls, or leads an organization or creative project.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"director","language_family":"latin","root":"dirigere","root_meaning":"to direct, guide, steer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"director","meaning":"one who manages or leads","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"director","meaning":"guide, ruler","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"directeur","meaning":"director, guide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dirigere","meaning":"to guide, direct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["direct","direction","directive","directorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supervisor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"917894e5-7b27-4464-b7a1-952a913fa8e3","word":"directors","definition":"Plural of director; persons who manage or oversee an organization, film, or production.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"directores","language_family":"latin","root":"director","root_meaning":"one who directs","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg- (to rule, direct)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"directors","meaning":"managers or overseen of production","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"director","meaning":"one who directs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"director","meaning":"one who guides or rules","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dirigere","meaning":"to direct, guide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["director","direct","direction","directive","directional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"managers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leaders","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administrators","formality":"formal"},{"word":"executives","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"91412cc0-a952-420c-ae94-d03727875e71","word":"directory","definition":"A book or database listing names, addresses, and related information organized in a specific order.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"directorio","language_family":"latin","root":"directus","root_meaning":"straight, guided","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"directory","meaning":"organized listing of information","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"directoire","meaning":"governing body, administrative listing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"directus","meaning":"straight, guided, directed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["direct","direction","director","directrix","directionless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"listing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catalog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"register","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"0b26c0f0-adfb-44d6-8a6a-7bb3908148ad","word":"dirt","definition":"Loose earth or soil; any filthy or grimy substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"drit","root_meaning":"excrement, dirt","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*drītaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dirt","meaning":"Loose earth or soil; any filthy or grimy substance.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"drit","meaning":"dung, filth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drit","meaning":"excrement","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dirty","drab","dregs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grime","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"aa88e0f2-d823-4304-99f1-e9a6f8cfbc61","word":"dirty","definition":"Soiled, stained, or polluted.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drit","root_meaning":"excrement, dirt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dirty","meaning":"Soiled, stained, or polluted.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dirty","meaning":"unclean","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drit","meaning":"excrement, dirt","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dirt","drab","filthy","squalid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unclean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soiled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filthy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"26e1383b-07bc-40f9-a7ab-6c1a9eac2944","word":"disability","definition":"A physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"discapacidad","language_family":"french","root":"dis- + habilité","root_meaning":"not + ability","root_language":"Old French / Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dis- + *ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disability","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"disability","meaning":"lack of legal capacity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away from, not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"hability","meaning":"ability","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habilitas","meaning":"aptitude, ability","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habilis","meaning":"easily handled, apt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disable","able","ability","enable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impairment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handicap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infirmity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"a0c6c2a2-dd6e-41e2-be09-1f70868359b4","word":"disable","definition":"To make (someone or something) unable to function or operate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"deshabilitar","language_family":"french","root":"dis- + able","root_meaning":"not + capable","root_language":"Old French/Latin + Latin","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disable","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"disable","meaning":"to make unable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"not, away","children":[],"language":"Old French/Latin"},{"era":"13th century","word":"able","meaning":"capable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habilis","meaning":"fitting, capable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ability","enable","capable","disability","unable","disabled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incapacitate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cripple","formality":"informal"},{"word":"deactivate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"254cfbf1-28b1-4031-8824-6ada06efd549","word":"disadvantage","definition":"A disadvantage is an unfavorable condition or a loss of advantage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desventaja","language_family":"latin","root":"ante","root_meaning":"before, in front of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disadvantage","meaning":"an unfavorable condition or loss of advantage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away, reversal, or negation","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"medieval","word":"advantage","meaning":"a favorable condition or benefit","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"avantage","meaning":"advantage; favorable position","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"avant","meaning":"before; in front","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ante","meaning":"before, in front of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English via Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["advantage","advantageous","disadvantaged","disadvantageous","advantageously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drawback","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handicap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liability","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detriment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"8b3ebabc-d4c4-4757-a448-a11dacceda63","word":"disappear","definition":"To cease to be visible; vanish.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desaparecer","language_family":"latin","root":"dis- + apparere","root_meaning":"apart + to come forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disappear","meaning":"to vanish","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"disappear","meaning":"to disappear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"des-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"aparoir","meaning":"to appear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"apparere","meaning":"to appear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appear","appearance","disappearance","apparition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vanish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dematerialize","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"5f417cb0-bce8-4cd8-95b4-b9c1c8f00ec3","word":"disappearance","definition":"The act or fact of ceasing to be visible or present.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desaparición","language_family":"french","root":"disparaître","root_meaning":"to disappear","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*parēre","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disappearance","meaning":"The act or fact of ceasing to be visible or present.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"disappear","meaning":"to cease to be visible","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"disparaître","meaning":"to disappear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis- (prefix)","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"apparere","meaning":"to appear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disappear","appearing","apparition","transparent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vanishing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fading","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evaporation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"49cb3958-480d-438c-abdc-c1124f5af230","word":"disappoint","definition":"To fail to fulfill the hopes or expectations of someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"decepcionar","language_family":"french","root":"desappointer","root_meaning":"to undo an appointment, to frustrate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disappoint","meaning":"to fail expectations","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desappointer","meaning":"to undo an appointment, frustrate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"appoint","meaning":"to arrange, determine","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disappointment","appointed","appointment","point"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dishearten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"let down","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissatisfy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frustrate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"a9e36178-b84f-46f6-8df9-5ff25640f60e","word":"disappointment","definition":"The feeling of sadness or displeasure caused by the non-fulfillment of one's hopes or expectations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"appointer","root_meaning":"to appoint, to prepare","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*pungere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disappointment","meaning":"The feeling of sadness or displeasure caused by the non-fulfillment of one's hopes or expectations","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"disappoint","meaning":"to fail to keep an appointment or promise","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"desappointer","meaning":"to undo an appointment, to disappoint","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"des-","meaning":"opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"appointer","meaning":"to appoint, to prepare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appunctare","meaning":"to point to, to fix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English/Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appoint","point","puncture","poignant","expunge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frustration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dismay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"letdown","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"538717cd-3786-4107-9f58-aafd4e2b0528","word":"disarm","definition":"To disarm is to remove weapons from someone or to make a person or situation harmless.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desarmar","language_family":"latin","root":"arma","root_meaning":"weapons, arms, gear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disarm","meaning":"to remove weapons or make harmless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away, reversal, privation","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"arm","meaning":"weapons; equipment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"arma","meaning":"weapons, defensive gear, arms","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disarmed","disarming","disarmament","armed","unarmed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demilitarize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unarm","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"neutralize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"b704767d-8d85-473f-ae78-e0ead51374a8","word":"disaster","definition":"A sudden event, such as an accident or a natural catastrophe, that causes great damage or loss of life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desastre","language_family":"greek","root":"dis-aster","root_meaning":"ill-starred","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disaster","meaning":"a calamitous event","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"désastre","meaning":"disaster","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"disastro","meaning":"calamity, ill-starred event","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"bad","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"astron","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["asteroid","astronomy","star","astrology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"catastrophe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calamity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tragedy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"9232b6b3-efde-41b6-9337-a2447d51a569","word":"disc","definition":"A flat, circular object or surface, especially a storage medium or anatomical structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disco","language_family":"latin","root":"discus","root_meaning":"quoit, disk, plate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disc","meaning":"a flat circular object","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"disc","meaning":"a flat round plate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discus","meaning":"quoit, disk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diskos","meaning":"disk, quoit","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disk","discus","discoidal","disc-jockey","discoid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"platter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"round","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"06760809-e2a5-4725-b61f-6dae8d2b98d4","word":"discard","definition":"To throw away or reject something as unwanted.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descartar","language_family":"french","root":"dis-","root_meaning":"apart, away, in two","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discard","meaning":"to throw away or reject something as unwanted","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"discarder","meaning":"to throw away cards; remove","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"carde","meaning":"card","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discarded","discarding","discarder","discards","discardable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reject","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jettison","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dump","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"6705b37d-2555-481b-8f0b-3ad6248d158c","word":"discharge","definition":"To allow to leave; to dismiss from employment; to emit a substance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descargar","language_family":"french","root":"Old French `descharger`","root_meaning":"to unload, disburden","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kar- (Proto-Indo-European, related to 'car', 'cart')","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discharge","meaning":"to release, emit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"descharger","meaning":"to unload","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"des-","meaning":"un-","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"charger","meaning":"to load, burden","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"carrus","meaning":"wagon, cart","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["charge","cargo","car","cart","recharge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dismiss","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"86c12965-788c-4c73-bd52-ee685a64e825","word":"disciple","definition":"A person who follows and learns from a teacher or leader.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"discípulo","language_family":"latin","root":"discere","root_meaning":"to learn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disciple","meaning":"a follower and learner of a teacher or leader","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"disciple","meaning":"pupil; follower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discipulus","meaning":"pupil, learner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discere","meaning":"to learn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discipline","discipular","discipleship","disciplined"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pupil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"follower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adherent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"d408dbb2-5f91-4226-8045-bd5215685945","word":"disciplinary","definition":"Relating to or enforcing discipline.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"disciplinario","language_family":"latin","root":"disciplina","root_meaning":"instruction, training, order, control","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disciplinary","meaning":"relating to discipline","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"discipline","meaning":"instruction, training","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disciplina","meaning":"instruction, training","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discipline","disciple","disciplinarian","discipular"],"synonyms":[{"word":"punitive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corrective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regulatory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"ef7fd1dc-6958-4b86-b260-05794a135378","word":"discipline","definition":"The practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disciplina","language_family":"latin","root":"disciplina","root_meaning":"instruction, training, education","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discipline","meaning":"training that corrects","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"discipline","meaning":"training, instruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disciplina","meaning":"instruction, training, education","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discere","meaning":"to learn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disciple","disciplinarian","disciplined","docent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"training","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rigor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"b43140d7-f3e0-4b2e-97d8-0ab4f69fc307","word":"disclaimer","definition":"A statement denying responsibility or knowledge of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"disclaim","root_meaning":"to disown, deny, or reject","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disclaimer","meaning":"a denial or rejection of responsibility","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"disclaim","meaning":"to disown or deny","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away, not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"clamer","meaning":"to cry out, claim","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disclaim","claim","clamor","claimer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disavowal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"denial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renunciation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"d4111267-a235-4938-98af-9d4294343b6e","word":"disclose","definition":"To make secret or new information known.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"desclos","root_meaning":"to uncover, reveal","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disclose","meaning":"to reveal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"disclose","meaning":"to open, uncover","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desclore","meaning":"to open, uncover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to shut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disclosure","close","enclose","exclude","include"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reveal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divulge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"b7c56624-28b4-4678-9860-6ed5e4fcda2d","word":"disco","definition":"A club or party where people dance to popular music, or a style of popular dance music.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"discoteca","language_family":"greek","root":"diskos","root_meaning":"disk, plate","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disco","meaning":"dance club; music style","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"discotheque","meaning":"a place to dance to records","children":[{"era":"1940s","word":"discothèque","meaning":"record library, nightclub","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"disque","meaning":"disk, record","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discus","meaning":"disk, discus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diskos (δίσκος)","meaning":"disk, plate","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"},{"era":"classical","word":"thèque","meaning":"repository","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disk","disc","discography","discomania","disc jockey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"club","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dance hall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nightclub","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"5797903f-00ad-4d60-8878-3986e9f00fa4","word":"disconnect","definition":"To disconnect is to break or sever a connection.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desconectar","language_family":"latin","root":"nectere","root_meaning":"to bind; tie","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disconnect","meaning":"to break a connection","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"dis- + connect","meaning":"reverse or removal of connection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"connectere","meaning":"to bind together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nectere","meaning":"to bind; tie","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["connect","connection","connector","reconnect","disconnected"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unplug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"97529d49-6ae6-4cd3-9a22-de29f7af80de","word":"discount","definition":"A reduction in price or value, or to disregard or underestimate something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"descuento","language_family":"french","root":"conter","root_meaning":"to count","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discount","meaning":"reduction in price or to disregard","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"discompte","meaning":"deduction from amount","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"conter","meaning":"to count","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discounted","discounting","count","account"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reduction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deduction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rebate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"disregard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"e4a6fdd2-9dd1-4775-8665-4688875fd0c6","word":"discover","definition":"To find something unexpectedly or for the first time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descubrir","language_family":"french","root":"descovrir","root_meaning":"to uncover, reveal","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"discooperīre","meaning":"To uncover, from dis + cooperīre.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"descovrir","meaning":"To uncover, reveal, expose.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"discover","meaning":"To find, reveal.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"descubrir","meaning":"To discover.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["discovery","discoverer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascertain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"a117421f-90ac-4261-ac0a-54cbe4c8bba4","word":"discreet","definition":"Careful and circumspect in one's speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential or to avoid embarrassment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"discreto","language_family":"latin","root":"discretus","root_meaning":"separated, distinct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discreet","meaning":"prudent, careful","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"discret","meaning":"prudent, wise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discretus","meaning":"separated, distinct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discernere","meaning":"to separate, distinguish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cernere","meaning":"to separate","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*krei-","meaning":"to sift, discriminate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discretion","discrete","discern","cern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cautious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circumspect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prudent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"c06841c3-d8b6-40e7-9bff-8571e719ca43","word":"discrete","definition":"Individually separate and distinct.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"discreto","language_family":"latin","root":"discretus","root_meaning":"separate, distinct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discrete","meaning":"Individually separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discretus","meaning":"separated, distinct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discernere","meaning":"to separate, discern","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discretion","discern","discernible","discreet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"0660f174-9846-4333-9037-b6715ad4fa4e","word":"discretion","definition":"The quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offense or revealing private information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"discreción","language_family":"french","root":"discretio","root_meaning":"separation, discernment, power of distinguishing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discretion","meaning":"quality of behaving prudently","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"discretion","meaning":"discernment, moral discernment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discretionem","meaning":"separation, discernment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discernere","meaning":"to separate, distinguish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discrete","discreet","discern","discriminate","secret"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prudence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"caution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tact","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"7c2eae5e-f8d0-4668-8c36-9fbced2f0713","word":"discrimination","definition":"The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"discriminación","language_family":"latin","root":"discriminare","root_meaning":"to divide, distinguish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discrimination","meaning":"unjust treatment","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"discriminacion","meaning":"distinction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discriminatio","meaning":"a distinguishing, a separation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discriminare","meaning":"to divide, distinguish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discriminate","discriminatory","discern","discernment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prejudice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bias","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfairness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bigotry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"de23613b-aa8e-483d-b819-d49630b7d105","word":"discus","definition":"A heavy disk thrown for distance in an athletic event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disco","language_family":"greek","root":"diskos","root_meaning":"disk, quoit","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discus","meaning":"a heavy disk for throwing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discus","meaning":"quoit, disk","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"diskos","meaning":"disk, quoit","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disk","disc","discography","discomania"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quoit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"},{"word":"saucer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"54a4d764-c374-43c7-b67a-8b719d338ccb","word":"discuss","definition":"To talk about or examine a topic with others.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"discutir","language_family":"latin","root":"discutere","root_meaning":"to dash to pieces, scatter, disperse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discuss","meaning":"to talk about or examine","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"discuss","meaning":"to examine, debate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discutere","meaning":"to shake apart, scatter, disperse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discussion","discus","discursive","discourse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"debate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"converse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talk about","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"c6a3bef2-ca78-46e9-bed5-8a6b2af15e1d","word":"discussed","definition":"Talked about or examined a topic in conversation or debate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"discutir","language_family":"latin","root":"discutere","root_meaning":"to strike apart, disperse, scatter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discussed","meaning":"talked about or examined","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"discuss","meaning":"to examine or debate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discutere","meaning":"to strike apart, scatter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis- + quatere","meaning":"apart + to shake, strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discuss","discussion","discusser","discursive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"debated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conversed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talked over","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"7f92c6ce-68a6-4ba7-beb5-36f571485dd7","word":"discussion","definition":"A conversation or debate about a particular topic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"discusión","language_family":"latin","root":"discussio","root_meaning":"examination, debate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discussion","meaning":"conversation about a topic","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"discussion","meaning":"debate, examination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discussio","meaning":"examination, debate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discuss","discussing","discussant","discussable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conversation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"debate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialogue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"c7e35608-18de-4222-9a47-78973064a0c9","word":"discussions","definition":"Plural of discussion; conversations or debates in which people exchange views on a topic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"discusión","language_family":"latin","root":"discussus","root_meaning":"examined, investigated, scattered","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"discussions","meaning":"conversations exchanging views","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"discussion","meaning":"examination, debate","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"discussio","meaning":"examination, investigation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discussus","meaning":"examined, scattered","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discutere","meaning":"to shake apart, examine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["discuss","discussion","discursive","discourse","excussion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conversations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"debates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialogues","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exchanges","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"d0c7c109-9943-40c3-b1d4-084cc635911e","word":"disease","definition":"A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant that affects normal function.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desastre","language_family":"french","root":"Old French desaise","root_meaning":"discomfort, uneasiness","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*dis- and *sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disease","meaning":"illness, disorder","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"disease","meaning":"uneasiness, sickness","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"desaise","meaning":"discomfort, unease","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"des- + aise","meaning":"dis- + ease","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diseased","dis-ease","illness","disorder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ailment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"malady","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"31cf3a2a-7a87-4d08-a565-1e13d6b743f5","word":"disgrace","definition":"Loss of reputation or respect as a result of a dishonorable action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desgracia","language_family":"french","root":"desgrace","root_meaning":"disfavor, disgrace","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disgrace","meaning":"loss of reputation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desgrace","meaning":"disfavor, disgrace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratia","meaning":"favor, grace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grace","gracious","ungracious","ingratitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dishonor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ignominy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"af3152e9-3bf3-416f-a06a-d544a537bbe6","word":"disguise","definition":"To change the appearance or nature of something or someone so as to conceal its true identity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"disfraz","language_family":"french","root":"desguiser","root_meaning":"to change one's guise","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disguise","meaning":"To conceal identity by altering appearance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desguiser","meaning":"to change one's guise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"des-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1100s","word":"guise","meaning":"manner, fashion, appearance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīsa","meaning":"manner, way","children":[],"language":"Frankish (Germanic)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guise","disguised","disguising","undisguised","camouflage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conceal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"camouflage","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"f17fa1ea-e588-4b59-bfe5-0830720c9b18","word":"disgust","definition":"A feeling of revulsion or strong disapproval aroused by something unpleasant or offensive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disgusto","language_family":"french","root":"disgustare","root_meaning":"to dislike, to be distasteful","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disgust","meaning":"feeling of revulsion","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"dégoûter","meaning":"to distaste, repel","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"disgustare","meaning":"to dislike, be distasteful","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disgusting","disgusted","gustatory","degustation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revulsion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distaste","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aversion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loathing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"74558861-cfd4-4d64-8ca9-eab5990c8c9f","word":"dish","definition":"A shallow, relatively flat container, typically made of ceramic or plastic, used for serving food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disco","language_family":"latin","root":"discus","root_meaning":"disk, quoit, plate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dish","meaning":"A shallow container for serving food.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"disc","meaning":"a circular plate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"discus","meaning":"disk, quoit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disk","discus","discomfit","disco"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"platter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bowl","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"b93cd082-4c48-4bfb-947b-693db4131cfb","word":"dishwasher","definition":"A machine that washes dishes, or a person whose job is to wash dishes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dishwasher","meaning":"a machine or person that washes dishes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dish","meaning":"plate or dish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disc","meaning":"disk, plate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wash","meaning":"clean with water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wascan","meaning":"to wash","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dish","dishwashing","dishwater","washer","dishcloth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dishwashing machine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"plate washer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scullion","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"61e03190-321d-4f16-8a30-e9df90c5c0f9","word":"disk","definition":"A flat, circular object or a data storage device used in computers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disco","language_family":"greek","root":"diskos","root_meaning":"a quoit or disk-shaped object","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disk","meaning":"a flat circular object or storage device","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"disk","meaning":"a flat circular object","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diskos","meaning":"a quoit, disk","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*dis-","meaning":"to throw or scatter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diskette","disk drive","disc","disks"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disc","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"storage device","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"9983fbd5-a0f2-457c-ac4b-f53405127b4b","word":"dislike","definition":"To feel antipathy or aversion toward someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lician","root_meaning":"to please","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*galikjan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dislike","meaning":"to feel aversion to","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"dis- + like","meaning":"prefix 'away, apart' + verb 'to please'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lician","meaning":"to please","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","pleasure","liking","unlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abhor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"1c0f8224-4d10-4ef7-8c5e-83c317e21e72","word":"dismiss","definition":"Order or allow to leave; send away.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dimitir","language_family":"latin","root":"dimittere","root_meaning":"send away, dispatch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dismiss","meaning":"send away","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"desmettre","meaning":"to put down, send away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dimittere","meaning":"send away, dispatch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mission","permit","remit","submit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fire","formality":"informal"},{"word":"send away","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"170f8e9a-8b37-4ce2-aa01-c297fc0716f8","word":"dismissal","definition":"The act of sending someone away or ending their employment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dimisión","language_family":"latin","root":"dimittere","root_meaning":"send away; let go","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dismissal","meaning":"the act of dismissing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dismiss","meaning":"send away; remove","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin dimittere","meaning":"send away, let go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-al","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dismiss","dismissed","dismissive","dismissible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"termination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"firing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sacking","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"6a051e7a-ee51-4ff7-bd80-de8910907027","word":"disney","definition":"A proper noun referring to the Disney entertainment company and its brand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Disney","root_meaning":"surname of Walter Elias Disney","root_language":"English surname","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Disney","meaning":"entertainment company brand","children":[{"era":"1923","word":"Disney","meaning":"founded by Walt Disney","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Disney","meaning":"surname from place name","children":[],"language":"English surname"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Walt","Disneyland","Disneyworld"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Mouse House","formality":"informal"},{"word":"The Mouse","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"596b4356-7af5-41c9-bcec-cfce9b176197","word":"disorder","definition":"A state of confusion, untidiness, or disruption of normal function.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desorden","language_family":"french","root":"ordo","root_meaning":"order, arrangement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disorder","meaning":"A state of confusion","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"desordre","meaning":"disorder, lack of order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away","language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ordo","meaning":"order, arrangement","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","orderly","disorderly","reorder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chaos","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mess","formality":"informal"},{"word":"disarray","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"133c93bd-87fe-472c-ad37-3133d489c06a","word":"disperse","definition":"To scatter or spread things or people in different directions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dispersar","language_family":"latin","root":"dispergere","root_meaning":"to scatter apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disperse","meaning":"scatter or spread in different directions","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dispersus","meaning":"scattered","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dispergere","meaning":"to scatter apart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart; in different directions","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"spargere","meaning":"to scatter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dispersal","dispersion","dispersed","dispersing","dispersive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissipate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"diffuse","formality":"technical"},{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"bf9d9321-73ea-43d8-a6aa-81e4ad61e31c","word":"display","definition":"A performance or show intended for public viewing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exhibición","language_family":"french","root":"despleier","root_meaning":"to unfold, spread out","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"displicāre","meaning":"To unfold, scatter, from dis + plicāre.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"despleier","meaning":"To unfold, spread out, show.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"display","meaning":"To show, exhibit.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"exhibición","meaning":"Display, exhibition.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["displayed","displaying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhibit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"7e576a9e-1f5b-4253-a709-c4ac0a79bf1a","word":"displayed","definition":"Exhibited or shown publicly, or presented information visually.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desplegado","language_family":"french","root":"desploiier","root_meaning":"to unfold, to spread out","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"displayed","meaning":"shown or exhibited","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"display","meaning":"to unfold, spread out, show","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desployer","meaning":"to unfold, spread out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"des-","meaning":"dis-, out","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ployer","meaning":"to fold, bend","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["display","displays","displayed","displaying","displayer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhibited","formality":"formal"},{"word":"showed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presented","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"fffe0ba6-aaf5-4a4a-8469-54a4c33d3df5","word":"disposable","definition":"Designed to be discarded after use or otherwise available to be used at one's disposal.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"disponible","language_family":"latin","root":"disponere","root_meaning":"to place apart; arrange; set in order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disposable","meaning":"able to be discarded after use","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dispose","meaning":"to arrange; to get rid of; to place at one's disposal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disponere","meaning":"to place apart; arrange","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of being","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-abilis","meaning":"capable of; fit for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dispose","disposal","disposition","disposed","disposability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expendable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throwaway","formality":"informal"},{"word":"single-use","formality":"technical"},{"word":"replaceable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"d52d86b9-ab63-4db0-8f11-52149b476bc8","word":"dispose","definition":"To arrange something or to get rid of it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"disponer","language_family":"latin","root":"disponere","root_meaning":"to arrange, place separately","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dispose","meaning":"to arrange or get rid of something","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"dispose","meaning":"to arrange, settle, or make ready","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"disposer","meaning":"to arrange, order, or assign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disponere","meaning":"to place apart, arrange, or distribute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disposal","disposition","disposable","disposed","disposing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"722a9f86-9cb4-438e-848c-dbb4d44a1784","word":"disposition","definition":"A person's inherent qualities of mind and character.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disposición","language_family":"latin","root":"dispositio","root_meaning":"arrangement, administration","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disposition","meaning":"temperament, arrangement","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"disposition","meaning":"arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dispositionem","meaning":"arrangement, management","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disponere","meaning":"to arrange, to set in order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dispose","disposable","disposal","disposed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"temperament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inclination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"df2daf4a-c143-442f-8fb5-5c275a388da9","word":"dispute","definition":"A disagreement, argument, or debate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disputa","language_family":"latin","root":"disputare","root_meaning":"to debate, discuss, argue","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dispute","meaning":"a disagreement","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"disputer","meaning":"to dispute, to contend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disputare","meaning":"to debate, discuss, argue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"putare","meaning":"to think, consider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disputable","disputation","repute","compute","impute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"argument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"debate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"controversy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quarrel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"fcf5db2f-02a0-4559-9d9c-01970e02d404","word":"disqualify","definition":"To make someone or something ineligible or not fit for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descalificar","language_family":"latin","root":"qualificare","root_meaning":"to make or describe by qualities; to qualify","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disqualify","meaning":"make ineligible","children":[{"era":"current","word":"dis- + qualify","meaning":"prefix plus verb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away, not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1400s","word":"qualify","meaning":"to characterize or make fit","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"qualifier","meaning":"to qualify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"qualificare","meaning":"to make or determine the kind of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"qualis","meaning":"of what kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["qualify","qualification","qualified","disqualification","unqualified"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exclude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"invalidate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"d10af3be-d051-48ca-a318-562c35b85732","word":"disregard","definition":"To deliberately ignore or pay no attention to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"guardar","language_family":"french","root":"*wardōną","root_meaning":"to guard, watch","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disregard","meaning":"to deliberately ignore or pay no attention to something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart; away; reversal or negation","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1100s","word":"regard","meaning":"to look at; heed","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"garder","meaning":"to guard; keep watch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wardōną","meaning":"to guard, watch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regard","regarding","regardless","regardful","disregarded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ignore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dismiss","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"324c9153-e948-4505-bb3f-5ce4d1199819","word":"disrespect","definition":"Lack of respect or courtesy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"respeto","language_family":"latin","root":"respectus","root_meaning":"regard, looking back at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disrespect","meaning":"Lack of respect or courtesy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"14th C","word":"respect","meaning":"regard, deference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respectus","meaning":"a looking back, regard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respicere","meaning":"to look back at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respect","respectful","respectable","disrespectful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rudeness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impertinence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contempt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"69341a26-cf32-492f-a7c9-f53dd3b03433","word":"disrespectful","definition":"Showing a lack of respect or courtesy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"spectāre","root_meaning":"to look at, observe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disrespectful","meaning":"showing a lack of respect or courtesy","children":[{"era":"current","word":"dis- + respectful","meaning":"not respectful","children":[{"era":"current","word":"disrespect","meaning":"lack of respect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"respect","meaning":"regard, esteem","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respectus","meaning":"a looking back; regard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectāre","meaning":"to look at, observe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respect","disrespect","respectful","disrespectfully","disrespectfulness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discourteous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"insolent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"f6d2b36c-1203-444d-95bd-898775745b30","word":"disrupt","definition":"Disrupt is a verb meaning to interrupt, disturb, or throw something into disorder.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"disrumpir","language_family":"latin","root":"disrumpere","root_meaning":"to break apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*hrewp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disrupt","meaning":"to interrupt or throw into disorder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disruptus","meaning":"broken apart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, asunder","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disruption","disruptive","disrupter","disruptor","disruptively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interrupt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disturb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impede","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"0718dbf5-89f5-4e2e-943d-c119e8f55a6d","word":"dissolve","definition":"To break apart, melt, or disperse.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"disolver","language_family":"latin","root":"dissolvere","root_meaning":"to loosen apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dissolve","meaning":"To break apart, melt, or disperse.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin dissolvere","meaning":"to loosen apart; dissolve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"solvere","meaning":"to loosen, untie, release","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dissolution","dissoluble","dissolvent","soluble","solvent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"melt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disintegrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disperse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"break down","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"2731fb01-42cd-40e8-87e2-ede4651a54f5","word":"distance","definition":"The length of space between two points or objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"distancia","language_family":"latin","root":"distantia","root_meaning":"standing apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distance","meaning":"space between two points","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distantia","meaning":"standing apart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distans","meaning":"standing apart, remote","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis- + stare","meaning":"apart + to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distant","distantly","distancia","distaste"],"synonyms":[{"word":"space","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interval","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"a13de34f-c472-4903-9de0-d366e112407c","word":"distant","definition":"Far away in space or time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"distante","language_family":"latin","root":"distare","root_meaning":"to stand apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distant","meaning":"far away","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"distant","meaning":"far off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distans, distantis","meaning":"standing apart (present participle of distare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distance","stand","stable","station","constantly","destiny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"far","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aloof","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"0f158284-a8b2-4710-9c8a-d9d6b5ccbfb1","word":"distinct","definition":"Clearly separate and different from each other; readily distinguishable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"distinto","language_family":"latin","root":"distinctus","root_meaning":"separated, distinct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distinct","meaning":"Clearly separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distinctus","meaning":"Separated, distinct (past participle of distinguere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distinguere","meaning":"To separate, distinguish (literally 'to mark off')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"Apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stingere","meaning":"To prick, extinguish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distinguish","distinction","extinguish","instinct","puncture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"different","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"d7734765-d9b1-41f1-8c3f-f46241bd1359","word":"distinction","definition":"The quality of being different or unique; excellence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"distinción","language_family":"latin","root":"distinctio","root_meaning":"separation, division","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distinction","meaning":"The quality of being different or unique; excellence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"distinction","meaning":"separation, difference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distinctio","meaning":"separation, division, distinguishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distinguere","meaning":"to separate, to distinguish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stingere","meaning":"to prick, to extinguish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distinct","distinguish","distinctive","extinct","instinct","punctuate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excellence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peculiarity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"25010dcd-295a-427d-bc72-f4270607ca5e","word":"distinctive","definition":"Serving to distinguish one thing from others in a clear way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"distintivo","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin distinguere","root_meaning":"to separate, mark off, distinguish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distinctive","meaning":"serving to distinguish or set apart","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Middle English distinctif","meaning":"distinguishing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French distinctif","meaning":"distinguishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin distinctivus","meaning":"serving to distinguish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin distinguere","meaning":"to separate by marking off","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distinct","distinction","distinguish","distinctness","distinctly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distinguishing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"characteristic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unique","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"ead1de40-8fab-4e22-95a0-294d19554cb4","word":"distinguish","definition":"To perceive or point out a difference or differences.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"distinguir","language_family":"latin","root":"distinguere","root_meaning":"to separate, to distinguish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steyg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distinguish","meaning":"To perceive or point out a difference or differences","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"distinguen","meaning":"to distinguish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distinguere","meaning":"to separate, to distinguish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distinction","distinctive","distinguishable","extinguish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"differentiate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recognize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"c2657a20-e8db-4a6e-82ee-313b05c0d546","word":"distort","definition":"To pull or twist out of shape; to misrepresent or give a misleading account of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"distorsionar","language_family":"latin","root":"distorquere","root_meaning":"to twist apart, to torment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dis- (apart), *torquere (to twist)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distort","meaning":"twist out of shape","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"distort","meaning":"to twist out of shape","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distorquere","meaning":"to twist apart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"torquere","meaning":"to twist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["torsion","torque","extort","contort","retort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misrepresent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"1e535610-eb21-40cf-aa26-3708703cf35a","word":"distract","definition":"To draw away the attention of someone from something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"distraer","language_family":"latin","root":"distrahere","root_meaning":"to draw apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distract","meaning":"to draw attention away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distractus","meaning":"drawn apart (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distrahere","meaning":"to draw apart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw, to pull","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["abstract","retract","traction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sidetrack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confuse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"92d67454-4178-4147-beb0-7910d5123895","word":"distraction","definition":"A thing that prevents someone from concentrating on something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"distracción","language_family":"latin","root":"distrahere","root_meaning":"draw apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distraction","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"distraction","meaning":"diversion, disturbance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distractio","meaning":"drawing apart, separation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distrahere","meaning":"to draw apart, divert","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distract","tractor","extract","contract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diversion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disturbance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interruption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preoccupation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"af54127b-923d-4074-acf6-ca0bd5a8e58b","word":"distribute","definition":"To give out or spread something, especially to a number of people or places.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"distribuir","language_family":"latin","root":"distribuere","root_meaning":"to divide up, apportion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distribute","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distribuere","meaning":"to divide up, apportion (from dis- 'apart' + tribuere 'to assign')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distribution","contribute","attribute","tribute","retribution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dispense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apportion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"381491f3-b6a6-471b-a260-cf7e4a48fef4","word":"distributed","definition":"spread or allocated over a wide area or among many people.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"distribuido","language_family":"latin","root":"distribuere","root_meaning":"to divide and allot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distributed","meaning":"spread or allocated over a wide area","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"distribute","meaning":"to divide and dispense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distribuere","meaning":"to divide and allot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis- + tribuere","meaning":"apart + to assign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distribute","distribution","distributor","distributive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allocated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispersed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apportioned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dealt out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"70401465-f0f6-4dd9-9db2-1582ef995390","word":"distribution","definition":"The action or process of distributing something among recipients or over an area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"distribución","language_family":"latin","root":"distribuere","root_meaning":"to divide or allot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distribution","meaning":"dispersal or allocation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"distribute","meaning":"to divide and dispense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distribuere","meaning":"to assign, allot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis- + tribuere","meaning":"apart + to assign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distribute","distributor","distributable","redistribution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allocation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispersal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissemination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"9621588f-578b-4343-8b89-e9525b06b0c9","word":"distributor","definition":"A person or organization that markets and sells goods, especially to retailers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"distribuidor","language_family":"latin","root":"distribuere","root_meaning":"to divide, distribute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"distributor","meaning":"A person or organization that markets and sells goods.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"distributor","meaning":"one who distributes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distribuere","meaning":"to divide, distribute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distribute","distribution","attribute","tributary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vendor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dealer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wholesaler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"17a5ba32-d75b-4aae-8f83-8cdb30cd4d78","word":"district","definition":"An area of a country, city, or region, especially one officially defined for administrative purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"distrito","language_family":"latin","root":"districtus","root_meaning":"separated, distinct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"district","meaning":"defined administrative area","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"district","meaning":"area of jurisdiction","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"districtus","meaning":"separated, distinct, jurisdiction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"distringere","meaning":"to pull apart, divide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["districts","district","districtwide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"region","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sector","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"d135e67d-6113-4243-9576-eb88d975a888","word":"disturb","definition":"To interrupt the quiet, peace, or rest of; to bother or upset.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"disturbar","language_family":"latin","root":"disturbare","root_meaning":"to throw into disorder, disturb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disturb","meaning":"to interrupt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"disturber","meaning":"to disturb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disturbare","meaning":"to throw into disorder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"turbare","meaning":"to disturb, confuse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disturbance","disturber","undisturbed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interrupt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upset","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"da2cf6dc-92c7-45f7-9837-6fefd5835cd8","word":"disturbance","definition":"An interruption of the settled order or arrangement; a commotion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"disturbancia","language_family":"french","root":"disturbare","root_meaning":"to disturb, throw into disorder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"disturbance","meaning":"An interruption of the settled order","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"distourbance","meaning":"trouble, disorder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"disturber","meaning":"to disturb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disturbare","meaning":"to throw into disorder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disturb","disturbed","perturb","trouble","disrupt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unrest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disruption","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"575ec9e0-ac0f-49b1-a32e-f3723ddf7b2c","word":"ditch","definition":"A narrow channel dug in the ground, typically for drainage alongside a road or field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dic","root_meaning":"dike, trench","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ditch","meaning":"narrow channel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dic","meaning":"dike, trench","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*deig-","meaning":"to prick, fasten, build","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dike","dig","dyke","ditcher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trench","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gully","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"e1072d69-a05d-42b4-a354-e03fde1ca3a3","word":"diva","definition":"A famous and successful female singer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diva","language_family":"latin","root":"dīva","root_meaning":"goddess","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dyeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diva","meaning":"Famous female singer","children":[{"era":"18th Century","word":"diva","meaning":"goddess, divine one (used for opera singers)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dīva","meaning":"goddess","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dīvus","meaning":"divine, godlike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["divine","deity","deify","divo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prima donna","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"songstress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"star","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"57e63aef-99bb-4508-b4a2-2be51e0560fc","word":"dive","definition":"To plunge headfirst into water, or to descend rapidly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dyfan","root_meaning":"to plunge, submerge","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dive","meaning":"to plunge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dyfan","meaning":"to plunge","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*deubh-","meaning":"to be deep, hollow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diver","diving","dovec","deep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plunge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"submerge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"descend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"08745305-5e58-4298-8beb-9bea40cc0309","word":"diver","definition":"A person or animal that dives, especially in sport or professional use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dive","root_meaning":"to plunge into water; submerge","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diver","meaning":"a person or animal that dives, especially in sport or professional use","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dive","meaning":"to plunge into water or submerge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dȳfan","meaning":"to dip or immerse","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dive","dives","dived","diving","diver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swimmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plunger","formality":"informal"},{"word":"skin diver","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"c13f4a8c-8781-47c7-8098-709b4ef59e7c","word":"diverse","definition":"Showing a great deal of variety; very different.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"diverso","language_family":"latin","root":"diversus","root_meaning":"turned in different directions","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diverse","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"diverse","meaning":"various, different","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diversus","meaning":"turned in different directions","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"di-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diversity","diversify","diversion","divert","division"],"synonyms":[{"word":"varied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"various","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"different","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heterogeneous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"ce79660d-16f4-4fbf-b7af-6876ba739719","word":"diversion","definition":"An activity that diverts the mind from tedious or serious concerns; a recreation or pastime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diversión","language_family":"french","root":"divertere","root_meaning":"to turn aside","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diversion","meaning":"a recreation or pastime","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"diversion","meaning":"a turning aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diversio","meaning":"a turning aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"divertere","meaning":"to turn aside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["divert","diverse","convert","version","avert","reverse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detour","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entertainment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distraction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastime","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"2a876b5a-3e6e-47fc-9454-cf88545075db","word":"diversity","definition":"The state of being diverse; variety.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diversidad","language_family":"latin","root":"diversus","root_meaning":"turned in different directions, various","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"diversity","meaning":"The state of being diverse; variety.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"diversité","meaning":"difference, variety","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"diversitas","meaning":"disagreement, opposition, contrariety","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diversus","meaning":"turned in different directions, various","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diverse","diversify","diversion","divert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"variety","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"multiplicity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heterogeneity","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"408c30dc-ff7c-4391-9ffe-10cc95d381d4","word":"divert","definition":"To turn aside from a course, purpose, or channel, or to draw attention away.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"divertir","language_family":"latin","root":"vertere","root_meaning":"to turn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"divert","meaning":"to turn aside or draw away","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"diverten","meaning":"to turn aside","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"divertir","meaning":"to turn aside, amuse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dīvertere","meaning":"to turn aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"di- + vertere","meaning":"\"apart\" + \"to turn\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["diversion","diverted","diverting","divertimento","invert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"redirect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deflect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deviate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"308f94fd-d22c-426c-8d5b-f59e0c1f82dd","word":"divide","definition":"To separate into parts or sections.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dividir","language_family":"latin","root":"dividere","root_meaning":"to force apart, to separate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"divide","meaning":"To separate into parts or sections.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dividere","meaning":"to force apart, to separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dis-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to separate","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*weidh-","meaning":"to separate, to divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["division","individual","dividend","divisor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"split","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"f8820dfe-6b01-47a4-9c4c-822d8f1b2be1","word":"dividend","definition":"A sum of money paid regularly (typically quarterly) by a company to its shareholders out of its profits (or reserves).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dividendo","language_family":"latin","root":"dividendum","root_meaning":"something to be divided","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*dwei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dividend","meaning":"A sum paid to shareholders.","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"dividendum","meaning":"something to be divided","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dividere","meaning":"to divide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["divide","division","individual","divisor","divisible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"share","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"payout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allotment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"0e84cd94-49ba-47e0-9a2c-4f7c635ee183","word":"divine","definition":"Related to or proceeding from God or a god; sacred.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"divino","language_family":"latin","root":"divus","root_meaning":"of a god, divine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dyeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"divine","meaning":"of God","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"divin","meaning":"divine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"divinus","meaning":"of a god","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"divus","meaning":"a god","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dyeu-","meaning":"to shine, sky, heaven, god","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["divinity","deity","divination","god","day"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sacred","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celestial","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"60416a6c-279a-4176-98fb-e79e98092f8d","word":"division","definition":"The action of separating something into parts or the process of distributing something among groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"división","language_family":"latin","root":"divisus","root_meaning":"separated, parted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"division","meaning":"act of separating into parts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"division","meaning":"separation, sharing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"divisio","meaning":"separation, partition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dividere","meaning":"to separate, divide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ion","meaning":"noun suffix denoting action or result","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["divide","divided","divisor","divisible","subdivision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"splitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.701Z"}
{"id":"97e37f7e-078a-4951-8f9b-edb706657b1f","word":"divorce","definition":"The legal dissolution of a marriage by a court or other competent body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"divorcio","language_family":"latin","root":"divortium","root_meaning":"separation, divorce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"divorce","meaning":"legal dissolution of marriage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"divorce","meaning":"divorce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"divortium","meaning":"separation, divorce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"divertere","meaning":"to turn aside, separate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["divert","diverse","inversion","convert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"split","formality":"informal"},{"word":"annulment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dissolution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"feffac47-3cf1-4e80-be95-e7ee458a86ea","word":"dixie","definition":"A nickname for the U.S. South, originally from the French word dix on New Orleans banknotes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diez","language_family":"french","root":"dix","root_meaning":"ten","root_language":"French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dekm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dixie","meaning":"nickname for the U.S. South","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dix","meaning":"ten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decem","meaning":"ten","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*dekm̥","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Dixieland","Dixiecrat","dix","dixieland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the South","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the American South","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Dixieland","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"c8caf994-73ab-48aa-8c75-1b5c8890dca9","word":"dizzy","definition":"Having a sensation of spinning and a tendency to fall.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dysig","root_meaning":"foolish, stupid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dusigaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dizzy","meaning":"having a sensation of spinning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"disy","meaning":"giddy, foolish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dysig","meaning":"foolish, stupid","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dusigaz","meaning":"foolish, stupid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dozy","daze","dash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"giddy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lightheaded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vertiginous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"woozy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"3c3904fe-f643-4bc9-a49e-ba2277ab2124","word":"dna","definition":"Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic instructions for all known organisms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1950s","word":"DNA","meaning":"genetic molecule","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"deoxyribonucleic acid","meaning":"the genetic material","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"deoxy","meaning":"lacking oxygen","children":[],"language":"Greek-derived"},{"era":"1950s","word":"ribose","meaning":"a five-carbon sugar","children":[],"language":"Modern Scientific"},{"era":"1950s","word":"nucleic","meaning":"relating to the nucleus","children":[],"language":"Modern Scientific"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["RNA","nucleotide","genetic","gene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genetic material","formality":"formal"},{"word":"genome","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hereditary molecule","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}
{"id":"9c976fab-2741-4a63-b42c-96631b3a002d","word":"doc","definition":"A physician or medical doctor, or a document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"doctor","root_meaning":"teacher, learned person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doc","meaning":"physician or document","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"doctor","meaning":"learned person, physician","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"doctor","meaning":"learned person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"doctor","meaning":"teacher","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doctor","doctoral","doctorate","document"],"synonyms":[{"word":"physician","formality":"formal"},{"word":"medic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"paper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"264d83d5-e616-44c9-98d6-2175c037de9a","word":"dock","definition":"A an enclosed artificial basin for the loading, unloading, and repair of ships.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"doc","root_meaning":"ditch, marsh","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dock","meaning":"harbor facility","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"docke","meaning":"ditch, marsh","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"doc","meaning":"ditch","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["docking","drydock","pier","harbor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wharf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jetty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"15a7f9d6-da02-47a4-9335-7ab1efa05a75","word":"doctor","definition":"A person qualified to practise medicine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"doctor","language_family":"latin","root":"doctor","root_meaning":"teacher, instructor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*dek-","meaning":"To take, to accept.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"docere","meaning":"To teach.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"doctor","meaning":"Teacher, learned person.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"doctor","meaning":"Physician; holder of a doctorate.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"doctor","meaning":"Doctor, physician.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["doctrine","document","doctorate","docile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"physician","formality":"formal"},{"word":"practitioner","formality":"formal"},{"word":"doc","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"14c97d7c-5773-42de-a409-53a256f0e2c2","word":"doctrine","definition":"A belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party, or other group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"doctrina","language_family":"latin","root":"doceo","root_meaning":"to teach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doctrine","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"doctrine","meaning":"doctrine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"doctrina","meaning":"teaching, instruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"doceo","meaning":"to teach","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doctor","document","docile","indoctrinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dogma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"7ab46331-1eaf-43e9-b643-7f41c31ccda2","word":"document","definition":"A written or printed record used as evidence or information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"documento","language_family":"latin","root":"documentum","root_meaning":"lesson, proof, example","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"documentum","meaning":"Lesson, proof, example.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"document","meaning":"An official written record.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"documento","meaning":"Document, record.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["documentation","documentary","documented"],"synonyms":[{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"file","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certificate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ca1637d1-65a4-4f15-bc22-2f31dd39ef55","word":"documentary","definition":"A film or television program that presents factual information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"documental","language_family":"latin","root":"documentum","root_meaning":"lesson, instruction, example","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"documentary","meaning":"A film or television program that presents factual information.","children":[{"era":"1920s","word":"documentaire","meaning":"documentary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"documentum","meaning":"lesson, instruction, example","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["document","doctrine","docile","doctor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonfiction film","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factual program","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"dec2dc27-5dc3-44df-9bc7-ae604daa49cf","word":"documentation","definition":"Written records or evidence that provide information or proof of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"documentación","language_family":"latin","root":"documentum","root_meaning":"a lesson, instance, example","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"documentation","meaning":"written records or proof","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"documentation","meaning":"official documents","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"documentum","meaning":"lesson, proof","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["document","documentary","documented","docent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evidence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"papers","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"acc4718c-7652-48bd-8d95-67404bbe9022","word":"documents","definition":"Written or printed papers providing information or evidence; or to record information in writing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"documentos","language_family":"latin","root":"documentum","root_meaning":"lesson, example, proof","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"documents","meaning":"written papers","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"document","meaning":"written evidence or instruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"documentum","meaning":"lesson, proof, evidence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"docere","meaning":"to teach","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*dek-","meaning":"to take, receive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["document","documentary","documentation","documented"],"synonyms":[{"word":"papers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"files","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evidence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.190Z"}
{"id":"3d6eb38e-1350-4683-852d-a519ba25864c","word":"dodge","definition":"To avoid (someone or something) by a sudden quick movement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"dodgen","root_meaning":"to dodge, to move quickly to avoid","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dodge","meaning":"To avoid by sudden movement","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"dodgen","meaning":"to dodge, move quickly","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duck","elude","swerve","sidestep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shirk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sidestep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"e25ae973-fdc6-4135-ab8f-483d37ee07d4","word":"dodger","definition":"A person who dodges or evades, especially by quick or clever shifts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dodge","root_meaning":"to evade by a sudden shift","root_language":"English","root_era":"1560s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dodger","meaning":"a person who dodges or evades, especially by quick or clever shifts","children":[{"era":"1560s","word":"dodge","meaning":"to go or shift this way and that; to evade by a sudden movement","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dodge","dodged","dodging","dodgy","dodger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evader","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shirker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"skiver","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"ba414306-3094-4c4e-ac10-7787303163dc","word":"doe","definition":"A female deer, especially a fallow deer or roe deer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"da","root_meaning":"doe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dohaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doe","meaning":"A female deer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"da","meaning":"female deer","children":[{"era":"pre-400 AD","word":"*dohaz","meaning":"female deer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deer","fawn","buck","stag","hind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hind","formality":"literary"},{"word":"female deer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"d13dfb87-7ea4-432a-95aa-cf68727e2ddb","word":"does","definition":"Third person singular present tense of do; performs or carries out.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"don","root_meaning":"to do, make, place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"does","meaning":"performs action","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"doeth","meaning":"does","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"don","meaning":"to do, make, place","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["do","doing","done","redo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"executes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"carries out","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"9267adff-e19c-41cb-ae89-08b8a2352008","word":"dog","definition":"A domesticated carnivorous mammal kept as a pet or for work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"docga","root_meaning":"powerful animal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dog","meaning":"domestic canine animal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dogge","meaning":"dog","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"docga","meaning":"powerful animal","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dug-","meaning":"power, strength","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dogged","doggy","dog-like","canine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"canine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pup","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"14e72e48-3e1e-4db4-b42d-8deb2205f434","word":"doggy","definition":"Resembling or characteristic of a dog.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dogge","root_meaning":"dog","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doggy","meaning":"resembling a dog","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dog","meaning":"a domesticated carnivorous mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dogge","meaning":"dog","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dog","dogged","doghouse","canine","puppy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"canine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"doglike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faithful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loyal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"72ee30f2-9d9d-4b20-adf9-775dcfafddc8","word":"dogs","definition":"Plural of dog; domesticated carnivorous mammals commonly kept as pets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dogo","language_family":"germanic","root":"dog","root_meaning":"a canine animal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhogman- (dog)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dogs","meaning":"plural of canine animals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dog","meaning":"a domesticated carnivorous mammal","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*dhogman-","meaning":"dog","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dog","doggy","dogged","dog-tired","underdog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"canines","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hounds","formality":"literary"},{"word":"puppies","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mutts","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"532806d5-393c-48f8-9114-717e8a027139","word":"doing","definition":"The action or process of performing an activity or task.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"don","root_meaning":"to do, place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doing","meaning":"action or process","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"doen","meaning":"to do, perform","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"don","meaning":"to do, act, place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*dhe-","meaning":"to place, put, do","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["do","deed","undo","doer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"action","formality":"formal"},{"word":"activity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"performance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"e76a5e37-b762-40e1-bcd5-ce6307d0889f","word":"doll","definition":"A small model of a human figure, used especially as a child's toy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Dorothy","root_meaning":"gift of God","root_language":"English (diminutive)","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doll","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"Dorothy","meaning":"diminutive of the name Dorothy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Dōro-thea","meaning":"gift of God","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dōron","meaning":"gift","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*deh₃-","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"theos","meaning":"god","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English (diminutive)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dolly","darling","gift","god"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puppet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figurine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plaything","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"75f3da0e-4830-4b3a-bbc8-1a6f4d0076a3","word":"dollar","definition":"The basic monetary unit of various countries including the United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dólar","language_family":"other","root":"Thaler","root_meaning":"silver coin from Joachimstal","root_language":"German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dollar","meaning":"monetary unit","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"dollar","meaning":"Spanish silver coin or monetary unit","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"daler","meaning":"silver coin","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Thaler","meaning":"coin from Joachimstal valley","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dollars","dollar sign","millionaire","billionaire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"currency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"190260bc-843a-4d03-a96d-e8ec7ac92fe3","word":"dollars","definition":"Plural of dollar; the standard monetary unit of the United States and other countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dólares","language_family":"other","root":"daler","root_meaning":"a silver coin","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dollars","meaning":"monetary units","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"dollar","meaning":"monetary unit","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"daler","meaning":"a silver coin","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dollar","buck","currency","money"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bucks","formality":"informal"},{"word":"currency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"6cabccc7-528f-4840-bde7-782b0ec444dd","word":"dolly","definition":"A child's toy in the shape of a baby or small person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Dorothy","root_meaning":"gift of God","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dolly","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"Dolly","meaning":"diminutive of Dorothy","children":[{"era":"Greek personal name","word":"Dorothy","meaning":"Greek personal name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Dorothea","meaning":"gift of God","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doll","Dorothy","gift","Theodore","Dora"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puppet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figurine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"2904e564-4a00-4563-9ae4-38a84b0083de","word":"dolphin","definition":"A small, toothed whale with a sleek, streamlined body and a prominent dorsal fin, known for its intelligence and agility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"delfín","language_family":"greek","root":"delphín","root_meaning":"dolphin","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dolphin","meaning":"marine mammal","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"dolphin","meaning":"marine mammal","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"dauphin","meaning":"dolphin, title for French heir apparent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delphīnus","meaning":"dolphin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"delphín","meaning":"dolphin","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dauphin","Delphinium","Delphi","delphian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"porpoise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cetacean","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"345ffa45-7e07-48c1-b791-97811bb48fa6","word":"dom","definition":"Lord, master. A respectful title for certain clergy or nobility, often an abbreviation of Dominus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"don","language_family":"latin","root":"dominus","root_meaning":"master, lord, owner","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*demh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Dom","meaning":"lord, master","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominus","meaning":"master, lord","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*demh₂-","meaning":"to build, to domesticate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English (borrowed)"},"related_words":["domain","dominate","dominion","domicile","domestic","don"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sir","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"453e1dbf-474a-4267-bc94-aa9e1a5599df","word":"domain","definition":"An area of activity, knowledge, or influence; a territory or region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dominio","language_family":"latin","root":"dominium","root_meaning":"ownership, rule","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"domain","meaning":"territory of control","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"domain","meaning":"territory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominium","meaning":"ownership, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dominate","domination","dominant","dominion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"territory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"realm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sphere","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"64120e95-7ddf-44ec-a371-6c0482a5d154","word":"dome","definition":"A rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"domo","language_family":"latin","root":"domus","root_meaning":"house, home","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dome","meaning":"A rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"doma","meaning":"roof, house","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"domus","meaning":"house, home, roof","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["domicile","domestic","dominion","domain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cupola","formality":"technical"},{"word":"vault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rotunda","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"1a7535e1-312c-4ebe-afc3-8154490507a2","word":"domestic","definition":"Relating to the home, household, or one's own country.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"doméstico","language_family":"latin","root":"domesticus","root_meaning":"belonging to the house","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"domesticus","meaning":"Of the household, belonging to the home.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"domestic","meaning":"Of the home or country.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"doméstico","meaning":"Domestic, household.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["domesticate","domicile","domain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"household","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"home-based","formality":"informal"},{"word":"internal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"7dd51818-cb12-40f9-8792-f1e37dffd92c","word":"dominant","definition":"Exercising control or influence over others; most important, powerful, or influential.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dominante","language_family":"latin","root":"dominari","root_meaning":"to rule, to be master","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dominant","meaning":"controlling, influential","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominantem","meaning":"ruling, dominating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominari","meaning":"to rule, to be master","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominus","meaning":"master, lord","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dominate","dominion","domination","domain","predominant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"controlling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leading","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"9f3c3231-2d69-4ab0-a7ee-0924a74905da","word":"dominate","definition":"To rule over or control by force, power, or superior influence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"dominar","language_family":"latin","root":"dominus","root_meaning":"master of a household","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dominate","meaning":"to rule over or control by force, power, or superior influence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominari","meaning":"to rule, dominate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominus","meaning":"lord, master of a household","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"domus","meaning":"house, household","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*dem-","meaning":"house, household","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["domination","dominant","dominion","predominate","domestic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rule","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prevail","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"8aff5237-caa1-4d1b-ba77-76dfd030fa0a","word":"domination","definition":"The act or state of exercising controlling power over others or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dominación","language_family":"latin","root":"dominus","root_meaning":"master, lord","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"domination","meaning":"The act or state of exercising controlling power over others or something.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominate","meaning":"To rule or control.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominari","meaning":"To rule, govern, or be master of.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominus","meaning":"Master, lord.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ation","meaning":"A noun-forming suffix.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dominate","dominant","dominion","domineer","dominating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascendancy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"2d5cd2e7-fbc4-4a6e-ad53-0fde12ea6854","word":"dominion","definition":"Rule, sovereignty, or the territory ruled by a sovereign power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dominio","language_family":"latin","root":"dominus","root_meaning":"master; lord","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dominion","meaning":"rule; sovereignty; territory under rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominionem","meaning":"rule; lordship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominus","meaning":"master; lord","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dominate","dominant","domination","domain","dominical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rule","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereignty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mastery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"ab8d143b-fb06-41f3-944c-eeb2a4c02687","word":"don","definition":"To put on or dress oneself in something, or a Spanish title of respect.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"don","language_family":"germanic","root":"do on","root_meaning":"to put on","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*do-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"don","meaning":"to put on","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"don","meaning":"to put on clothing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"do on","meaning":"to put on","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doff","don't","done","donne"],"synonyms":[{"word":"put on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assume","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"f2e9e69c-8010-4805-9575-a18f8d70c29f","word":"donate","definition":"To give (money or goods) for a good cause, for example to a charity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"donar","language_family":"latin","root":"donare","root_meaning":"to give","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"donate","meaning":"To give (money or goods) for a good cause, for example to a charity.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"donate","meaning":"to give","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"donare","meaning":"to give, present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"donum","meaning":"gift","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["donation","donor","gift","endow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"give","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contribute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bestow","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"61c61cb4-76c9-4ee4-a78d-9f8655dfd811","word":"donation","definition":"The act of giving or contributing money or goods to a cause or charity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"donación","language_family":"latin","root":"donatio","root_meaning":"a giving, donation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"donation","meaning":"The act of giving or contributing.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"donacion","meaning":"gift, giving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"donatio","meaning":"a giving, donation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"donare","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["donate","donor","donative","condone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contribution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"19f140e6-85af-4a44-853a-d1ec16440d01","word":"done","definition":"Finished or completed; having reached the end of a task or activity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"don","root_meaning":"to do, put","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"done","meaning":"finished, completed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"don","meaning":"to do, place, put","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"donan","meaning":"to do, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["do","doing","doer","done"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"completed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ended","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"d423f9af-5c52-4a93-aa86-ebe6b539f6bf","word":"dong","definition":"A deep, resonant ringing sound, typically produced by a large bell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dong","meaning":"A deep, resonant ringing sound","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"dong","meaning":"imitative of a bell's sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ding","clang","bong","ring","toll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"ae310f12-3cd9-4f23-a9a4-02679e9cdda7","word":"donor","definition":"A person who gives or donates something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"donante","language_family":"latin","root":"donator","root_meaning":"giver","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*do-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"donor","meaning":"A person who gives or donates something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"doneur","meaning":"giver","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"donator","meaning":"giver","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"donare","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["donate","donation","pardon","condone","gift"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contributor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benefactor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"giver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supporter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"f3f73479-3a32-42d2-a6b6-374606b3a325","word":"donut","definition":"Donut is a simplified spelling of doughnut, meaning a small sweet fried cake, typically ring-shaped.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"donut","meaning":"a doughnut; a ring-shaped sweet fried cake","children":[{"era":"1809","word":"doughnut","meaning":"sweet fried cake made from dough","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dough","meaning":"kneaded flour mixture","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dag","meaning":"dough","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*dheigh-","meaning":"to form, build","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nut","meaning":"nut; kernel","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doughnut","dough","nut","ring doughnut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doughnut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ring doughnut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fried cake","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"45cf5763-cff1-4f89-abc4-3cd623db996b","word":"doom","definition":"Fate or destiny, especially a grim or terrible one; also, a final judgment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dom","root_meaning":"judgment, statute, law","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dōmaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doom","meaning":"fate, judgment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dom","meaning":"judgment, decree","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dōmaz","meaning":"judgment, decree","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to set, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doomsday","deem","kingdom","wisdom","dominate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"judgment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"f61c889c-a1cf-49d5-b773-ad74ce2496f2","word":"doomsday","definition":"The last day of the world; the Day of Final Judgment in Christian eschatology.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dom","root_meaning":"judgment, statute, decree","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dheh1-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doomsday","meaning":"Day of Final Judgment; catastrophic end","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"domes dæg","meaning":"day of judgment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dom","meaning":"judgment, law, decree","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*dheh1-","meaning":"to set, put, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæg","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doom","domesday","doomsayer","doomed","kingdom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Judgment Day","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apocalypse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"end of days","formality":"literary"},{"word":"armageddon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"3a4603f9-0aec-4f66-8d38-832cb2a424dd","word":"door","definition":"A hinged or sliding barrier at the entrance to a building or room.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"puerta","language_family":"germanic","root":"dor","root_meaning":"door, gate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*dhwor-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*dhwor-","meaning":"Door, gate.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"dor","meaning":"Door, gate.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"door","meaning":"A hinged entrance barrier.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"300s BCE","word":"porta","meaning":"Gate, door.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"puerta","meaning":"Door, gate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["doorstep","doorway","outdoor","indoor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entrance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"41696c03-a5ed-49c1-ae83-3980a4fec102","word":"doorbell","definition":"A bell on a door that is rung by visitors to alert those inside.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"duru, belle","root_meaning":"opening, ringing instrument","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doorbell","meaning":"bell on a door","children":[{"era":"current","word":"door","meaning":"entrance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"duru","meaning":"door, gate","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dhwer-","meaning":"door, doorway","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"bell","meaning":"ringing device","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"belle","meaning":"bell","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhel-","meaning":"to sound, roar","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doorway","doorknob","bellwether","chime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buzzer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ringer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"0c1afaaf-7496-4f2d-8e2f-561f41e4e6bc","word":"doorknob","definition":"A rounded handle attached to a door that turns to unlatch it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doorknob","meaning":"a rounded handle attached to a door that turns to unlatch it","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"door","meaning":"an opening closure at an entrance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*durz","meaning":"door","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"knob","meaning":"a rounded lump or handle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"knobbe","meaning":"a rounded protuberance","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["door","knob","doorhandle","knobby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"door handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"door pull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"fe591650-8e66-4eba-bfef-fe5a6293b4d9","word":"doorman","definition":"A person who manages a building's entrance and opens doors for entrants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doorman","meaning":"a person who manages a building's entrance and opens doors for entrants","children":[{"era":"current","word":"door + man","meaning":"a person associated with a door","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"door","meaning":"door, gate, entrance","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"person, man","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["door","doorway","doorkeeper","doorstep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"porter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"doorkeeper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concierge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"b0791e53-a20f-4cdf-a050-33e144cb5e34","word":"doorstep","definition":"A step leading from the outer door of a house.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"duru-stæpe","root_meaning":"door step","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doorstep","meaning":"step leading from a door","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"door","meaning":"door","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"step","meaning":"step","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["door","step","threshold","footstep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"threshold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoop","formality":"regional"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"f66fb016-4499-4124-a501-cb2301dff59a","word":"doorway","definition":"An opening in a wall that serves as an entrance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doorway","meaning":"an opening in a wall that serves as an entrance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"door","meaning":"an entrance door or gate","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"way","meaning":"a path or passage","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["door","doorframe","doorpost","doorsill","doorknob"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entryway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"d6161e85-20d6-4dbc-92ec-5aa0b3d10f55","word":"dora","definition":"A female given name of Greek origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"doron (δῶρον)","root_meaning":"gift","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Dora","meaning":"female given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Doron (δῶρον)","meaning":"gift","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Dorothy","Theodore","Pandora","Isadora","Doris"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"d96ac350-ec1f-48d9-9e3c-e8ab3cecd188","word":"dorian","definition":"Dorian means relating to the ancient Greek Dorians, their dialect, or their associated cultural style.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dórico","language_family":"greek","root":"Dōris","root_meaning":"Doris; the Dorian homeland or people","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dorian","meaning":"relating to the ancient Greek Dorians","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Dōrios","meaning":"Dorian; of Doris","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Dōris","meaning":"Doris; the Dorian region and people","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Doric","Doris","Doricism","Doricize","Dorianism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Doric","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Greek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Spartan","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"775e0fb7-65e4-4d05-9890-d5892df630d1","word":"dork","definition":"A dork is a socially awkward or foolish person, especially in informal speech.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dork","meaning":"socially awkward or foolish person","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dorky","dorkiness","dorkish","dorkdom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nerd","formality":"informal"},{"word":"geek","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"a25db55f-1de0-4beb-bb3b-2ec668f64399","word":"dorm","definition":"A dormitory, a building or part of a building housing students or workers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dormitorio","language_family":"latin","root":"dormire","root_meaning":"to sleep","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*drem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dorm","meaning":"dormitory","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"dormitory","meaning":"sleeping place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dormitorium","meaning":"sleeping place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dormire","meaning":"to sleep","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*drem-","meaning":"to sleep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dormitory","dormant","dormancy","sleep","doze"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dormitory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"4477dc10-85e8-48a3-8829-8deee995cda9","word":"dormant","definition":"In a state of temporary inactivity or suspended biological function; not currently active but capable of becoming so.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"durmiente","language_family":"french","root":"dormire","root_meaning":"to sleep","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*drem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dormant","meaning":"inactive, sleeping, latent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dormant","meaning":"sleeping (present participle of dormir)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dormire","meaning":"to sleep","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*drem-","meaning":"to sleep, to be drowsy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dormancy","dormitory","dormouse","dormition","dormer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"latent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quiescent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inactive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"40f94b4b-e1d5-482e-83e2-9bdfaf59665d","word":"dosage","definition":"The amount of a medicine, drug, or other substance to be administered.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dosis","language_family":"french","root":"dose","root_meaning":"a portion prescribed","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dosage","meaning":"amount of a substance","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"dose","meaning":"portion","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"dosis","meaning":"a dose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dosis","meaning":"a giving, a portion","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dose","dosing","doses","overdose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quantity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"48447498-a4bd-483a-8299-b3db71f77d28","word":"dose","definition":"A quantity of a medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at a particular time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dosis","language_family":"greek","root":"dosis","root_meaning":"a giving, a gift, amount given","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dose","meaning":"quantity of medicine","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dose","meaning":"portion, prescribed quantity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dosis","meaning":"a giving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dosis","meaning":"a giving, portion","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dosage","antidote","overdose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quantity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"726e9055-379a-4772-b67e-466abdb2545b","word":"dot","definition":"A small round mark or spot.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English dott","root_meaning":"small round lump","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dot","meaning":"small mark or spot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dott","meaning":"small round lump","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dotted","dotty","polka dot","connect the dots"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"point","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speck","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"4b974eab-50cf-4a0d-9613-0eb414791482","word":"double","definition":"Twice as much in size, quantity, or value; having two parts or layers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"doble","language_family":"latin","root":"duplus","root_meaning":"twofold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"double","meaning":"twofold or twice as much","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"double","meaning":"twofold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duplus","meaning":"twofold, double","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dwo-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["double","doubled","doubling","doublet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twofold","formality":"formal"},{"word":"twice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"ed810686-8dc7-4429-8802-8c9c27684f4a","word":"doubt","definition":"A feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"duda","language_family":"french","root":"douter","root_meaning":"to fear, hesitate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dubitāre","meaning":"To waver, hesitate, be uncertain.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"douter","meaning":"To fear, hesitate, be uncertain.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"doubt","meaning":"Uncertainty, hesitation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"duda","meaning":"Doubt.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["doubtful","undoubtedly","doubter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncertainty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skepticism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"6c820f8e-3b10-480b-a62b-c7c0b3cce406","word":"doubtful","definition":"Likely to be uncertain or not fully believed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dudoso","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin dubitāre","root_meaning":"to waver, hesitate, doubt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doubtful","meaning":"uncertain or skeptical","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"doubt","meaning":"uncertainty or disbelief","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"doute","meaning":"doubt, uncertainty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dubitāre","meaning":"to hesitate, be uncertain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"forming adjectives meaning 'full of' or 'characterized by'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doubt","doubter","doubtless","undoubtedly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncertain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"questionable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dubious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"54c28fe0-eb47-405f-977a-14b9442f639e","word":"dough","definition":"A thick, soft, malleable mixture of flour, liquid, and other ingredients, typically prepared for baking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dag","root_meaning":"dough","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dheigh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dough","meaning":"flour mixture for baking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dag","meaning":"dough","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dheigh-","meaning":"to form, mold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bread","flour","knead","bake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paste","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"batter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mass","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"c815a5ee-5ffe-473b-9cda-fe9b4f6ff810","word":"doughnut","definition":"A doughnut is a sweet, usually ring-shaped fried pastry made from sweetened dough.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"doughnut","meaning":"sweet, usually ring-shaped fried pastry","children":[{"era":"current","word":"dough","meaning":"moistened flour mixture for baking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dāg","meaning":"dough","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*daigaz","meaning":"something kneaded","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*dheigh-","meaning":"to form, build","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"nut","meaning":"the second element of the compound doughnut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnutu","meaning":"nut, kernel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hnutō","meaning":"nut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dough","donut","doughy","nut","doughnut hole"],"synonyms":[{"word":"donut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fried cake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ring pastry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"538b5c1a-ab8f-4e78-9912-af16e5576a52","word":"dove","definition":"A small to medium-sized bird of the family Columbidae, widely used as a symbol of peace, innocence, or love.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*dubō","root_meaning":"dark-colored bird","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰewbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dove","meaning":"columbid bird; symbol of peace","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"douve / culver","meaning":"dove","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dufe","meaning":"dove","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*dubō","meaning":"dove","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*dʰewbʰ-","meaning":"dark, hollow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dovecote","turtledove","dove-gray","dovelike","doves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pigeon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"turtledove","formality":"literary"},{"word":"culver","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"8f757b30-08b3-40d1-a7ba-e793239307d3","word":"dow","definition":"(archaic or dialectal) To be able; to be capable of; to be worth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dugan","root_meaning":"to be of use, be worth, be strong","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*duganą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dow","meaning":"(archaic) to be able","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dugan","meaning":"to be of use, be worth","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*duganą","meaning":"to be useful, be strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doughty","doughtiness","doable","do"],"synonyms":[{"word":"be able","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"be capable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"be strong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"be useful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"01e42882-b526-4ccc-b68f-79f337a89b2a","word":"down","definition":"In or toward a lower position, level, or direction; also soft fine feathers.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"duna","language_family":"germanic","root":"dūn","root_meaning":"hill, mountain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰunh₂- (to go down)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"down","meaning":"toward a lower position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"down","meaning":"downward direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dūn","meaning":"hill, mountain (from which 'down' direction came)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["downward","downtown","downhill","downsize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"below","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beneath","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"7f6aa7d1-1021-4f7d-a16e-fb60ee5c30ac","word":"downhill","definition":"Sloping or moving downward from a higher place to a lower one.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English dūn + hyll","root_meaning":"downward slope; hill","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"downhill","meaning":"sloping or moving downward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"toward a lower place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hill","meaning":"a raised area of land","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["down","hill","downward","downhiller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"descending","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"declining","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"downward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"740d0b20-2723-4a42-ada2-78be4fd44928","word":"download","definition":"To transfer data or files from a computer or network to a local device.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"descargar","language_family":"germanic","root":"down + load","root_meaning":"move downward + cargo, burden","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰunh₂- (down) + *hlād (to load)","etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"download","meaning":"transfer files from network to device","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"down + load","meaning":"downward transfer of cargo/data","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down + load","meaning":"down + cargo, burden","children":[],"language":"Old English + Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["upload","downloader","downloading","downloaded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transfer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retrieve","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pull","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"569c1878-d723-4fdb-805b-02cc4f7debcb","word":"downloads","definition":"Plural of download; files transferred from a server to a computer or the act of transferring them.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"downloads","meaning":"plural of download","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"download","meaning":"transfer files from server to computer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"toward lower position","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"load","meaning":"to put cargo on","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["download","uploading","file","transfer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"files","formality":"technical"},{"word":"transfers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retrievals","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"18e46597-9b03-4a8e-a550-e9580fd5e018","word":"downright","definition":"Used to intensify a statement to mean completely, utterly, or bluntly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dounright","root_meaning":"right down; straight down; outright","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"downright","meaning":"completely; utterly; bluntly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dounright","meaning":"right down; straight down; outright","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"downward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dūn","meaning":"hill, mountain","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"right","meaning":"straight; direct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"riht","meaning":"straight; correct","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["down","right","outright","downrightly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absolutely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utterly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entirely","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"2af7f047-5a96-4c01-8e5e-1228ac6637ba","word":"downstairs","definition":"To or on a lower floor or level.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dūne stæger","root_meaning":"down stairs","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"downstairs","meaning":"To a lower floor","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"doun staires","meaning":"down stairs","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dūn (down) + stæger (stair)","meaning":"down + stair","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["upstairs","stair","down"],"synonyms":[{"word":"below","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"e01da806-00ed-4003-8e0e-03b5f2aa6dd1","word":"downtown","definition":"Toward or in the lower part of a town or city, often the main commercial or business center.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"down","root_meaning":"downward","root_language":"old english","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"downtown","meaning":"commercial center of a city","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"downward","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"town","meaning":"settlement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["down","town","uptown","midtown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"city center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"central business district","formality":"technical"},{"word":"metropolis","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"21b002e7-0c1c-412f-8631-8ba7baeb3374","word":"dozen","definition":"A group or set of twelve.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"docena","language_family":"french","root":"douze","root_meaning":"twelve","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dozen","meaning":"twelve","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dozeine","meaning":"a group of twelve","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"douze","meaning":"twelve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duodecim","meaning":"twelve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duo","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"decem","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duodecimal","decimal","duo","decimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twelve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"score","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"7f6c8881-e103-4f46-ba70-4a5a9bc80a2a","word":"draft","definition":"A preliminary version of a written work or a current of air flowing through an enclosed space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"draught","root_meaning":"act of drawing or pulling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dragh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"draft","meaning":"preliminary version or air current","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"draught","meaning":"act of drawing or pulling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dragan","meaning":"to draw or drag","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["draught","draw","drag","draughty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sketch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breeze","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"e5129040-4cee-44d9-b5b7-b1cc4542a07d","word":"drag","definition":"To pull (someone or something) along forcefully, roughly, or with difficulty.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"draga","root_meaning":"to draw, to pull","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dhragh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drag","meaning":"To pull along forcefully","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"draga","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*draganą","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dhragh-","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["draw","draught","dray","trawl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"3d32ca65-1a09-4911-b235-944c63ac57ad","word":"dragon","definition":"A mythical monster like a giant reptile, typically depicted as having wings, a long scaly body, and fiery breath.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dragón","language_family":"greek","root":"drákōn","root_meaning":"serpent","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dragon","meaning":"mythical winged reptile","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dragoun","meaning":"dragon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"draco","meaning":"serpent, dragon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"drákōn","meaning":"serpent, sea-fish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"drák-","meaning":"root of derkesthai 'to see clearly'","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dragoon","draconian","serpent","wyrm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wyrm","formality":"literary"},{"word":"serpent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"646112f5-c34e-49ef-9728-7f0b996ef7a5","word":"drain","definition":"To cause the water or other liquid in something to run out, leaving it empty or dry.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drēahnian","root_meaning":"to draw off, remove liquid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drain","meaning":"to remove liquid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drēahnian","meaning":"to draw off","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drainage","drained","draining","drainer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"empty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhaust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deplete","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"76497597-8f90-4757-addf-9e1ef363d904","word":"drainage","definition":"The action or process of drawing off liquid, or the system by which it is drained.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dreahnian","root_meaning":"to drain, draw off","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"drainage","meaning":"system for draining","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"drain","meaning":"to draw off","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dreahnian","meaning":"to drain","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"-age","meaning":"action, result of action","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drain","drought","drench","draw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sewage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"effluent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"e0afccf1-9d41-4c21-ac82-fa88dbfa958d","word":"drake","definition":"A male duck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"draca","root_meaning":"dragon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*drak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drake","meaning":"A male duck.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"drake","meaning":"male duck","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"draca","meaning":"dragon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"draco","meaning":"dragon","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"drakon","meaning":"dragon, serpent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*drak-","meaning":"to look, see, watch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dragon","dragoon","draconic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"male duck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gander","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"e5fb4305-00ef-427c-b540-2246eb85162f","word":"drama","definition":"A play for theater, television, or radio, or an exciting series of events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"drama","language_family":"greek","root":"drama","root_meaning":"action, deed, play","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"drâma (δρᾶμα)","meaning":"Action, deed, a play on the stage. From dran (to do, act).","children":[{"era":"1510s","word":"drama","meaning":"A theatrical performance or exciting events.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"drama","meaning":"Drama.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["dramatic","dramatize","melodrama"],"synonyms":[{"word":"play","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"theater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spectacle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"dea95159-7989-49d5-a728-69e863c75a65","word":"dramatic","definition":"Relating to drama or the theatre.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dramático","language_family":"greek","root":"drama","root_meaning":"action, deed, play","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dramatic","meaning":"Relating to drama or the theatre.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"drama","meaning":"action, deed, play","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dran","meaning":"to do, to act","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drama","dramatize","dramaturgy","dramatist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"theatrical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"striking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensational","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"14f5f1cc-509a-4b3b-b299-47204921241c","word":"draper","definition":"A draper is a person who sells cloth or fabrics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"drap","root_meaning":"cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"draper","meaning":"a person who sells cloth or fabrics","children":[{"era":"late 14c.","word":"draper","meaning":"cloth-seller or cloth-maker","children":[{"era":"13c.","word":"drap","meaning":"cloth, piece of cloth","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"drapus","meaning":"cloth","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French / Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drape","drapery","draped","draping","drapable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clothier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabric merchant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"textile seller","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"6b0d3310-211c-466a-ad0e-93fed28272e6","word":"drastic","definition":"Severe or extreme in effect.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"drástico","language_family":"greek","root":"δράω","root_meaning":"to do, act","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drastic","meaning":"severe or extreme in effect","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"drastique","meaning":"drastic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"δραστικός","meaning":"effective, active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"δράω","meaning":"to do, act","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drastically","drastical","drasticness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"severe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"8d800fed-be83-4460-af27-765352b38fb0","word":"draw","definition":"To pull or drag (something) in a specified direction; to produce (a picture or diagram) by making lines and marks on a surface.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dragan","root_meaning":"to drag, pull, draw","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰregʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"draw","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dragan","meaning":"to drag, pull, draw","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*draganą","meaning":"to draw, drag, pull","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*dʰregʰ-","meaning":"to draw, drag, pull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drag","drawn","drawing","withdraw","portray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sketch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attract","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"caa774ca-169f-4a42-a58f-b6dcf82a1708","word":"drawer","definition":"A box-like storage compartment, or a person who draws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dragan","root_meaning":"to drag, pull","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰragʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drawer","meaning":"pull-out box or one who draws","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"drawere","meaning":"one who draws","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dragan","meaning":"to drag, pull","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["draw","dragging","drawn","drawing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compartment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pull-out","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"89b05a5b-f894-4be1-8f9d-eaaed3506775","word":"dreadful","definition":"Extremely bad or serious; causing great fear, apprehension, or distress.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drædan","root_meaning":"to fear, to dread","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dreadful","meaning":"causing great fear","children":[{"era":"current","word":"dread","meaning":"fear, apprehension","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drædan","meaning":"to fear, to dread","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dread","dreaded","fearful","terrible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"horrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frightful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"932847a9-45d7-49ba-bb11-5e1dc7bb2dfb","word":"dream","definition":"A series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep; an aspiration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sueño","language_family":"germanic","root":"drēam","root_meaning":"joy, music, noise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*draugmas","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"dream","meaning":"Sleep vision; cherished ambition.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dream","meaning":"Sleep vision.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"drēam","meaning":"Joy, music (vision sense from Norse).","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"draugmas","meaning":"Joyful noise.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["daydream","nightmare","dreamer","dreamy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aspiration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fantasy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"14f6dc99-3f17-4465-8753-1bfa619bceaa","word":"dreamer","definition":"A dreamer is a person who imagines, hopes, or fantasizes about things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *draumaz","root_meaning":"dream","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dreamer","meaning":"a person who imagines, hopes, or fantasizes about things","children":[{"era":"Old English and later","word":"dream + -er","meaning":"one who dreams","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dream","meaning":"joy; music; later a sleeping vision","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *draumaz","meaning":"dream","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dream","dreaming","dreamlike","daydreamer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visionary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"idealist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fantasist","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"94feb321-a85a-455b-80ea-f3effc38dc55","word":"drench","definition":"Drench means to wet something thoroughly or soak it completely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English drencan","root_meaning":"to cause to drink","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drench","meaning":"to wet thoroughly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drencan","meaning":"to cause to drink","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drincan","meaning":"to drink","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drench","drenched","drenching","drencher","drink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saturate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"douse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"0223cef2-5166-42f3-bdc8-798f2acdaaa4","word":"dress","definition":"A garment for women or to put on clothing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vestido","language_family":"french","root":"dresser","root_meaning":"to arrange, prepare","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"dīrectiāre","meaning":"To make straight, arrange, from dīrectus.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"dresser","meaning":"To arrange, prepare, set up.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dress","meaning":"To clothe, a garment.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"vestido","meaning":"Dress, garment.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["dresser","dressing","undress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"garment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outfit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"ae2d66db-6a79-4021-8d60-d1786f6c60d6","word":"dresser","definition":"A dresser is a piece of furniture with drawers, or a person who dresses or arranges things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Old French dresser","root_meaning":"to arrange, prepare","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dresser","meaning":"a drawer-fitted piece of furniture or a person who dresses","children":[{"era":"current","word":"dress + -er","meaning":"one who dresses or something used in dressing/arranging","children":[{"era":"current","word":"dress","meaning":"to arrange, put on clothing, or prepare","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French dresser","meaning":"to arrange, prepare, straighten","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"Vulgar Latin directiare","meaning":"to direct, straighten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin directus","meaning":"straight, direct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dress","dressing","dressed","dressy","redress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chest of drawers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bureau","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sideboard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"cd628262-f219-4cd7-929d-851a2f506cc4","word":"drift","definition":"To be carried slowly by a current of air or water.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drifan","root_meaning":"to drive, push, move","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhreibʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drift","meaning":"To be carried slowly by a current.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drifan","meaning":"to drive, push","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drive","drove","driven","drover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"float","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wander","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"da9a17b2-ad7a-4a2c-b023-ef12154a1d83","word":"drill","definition":"A tool or machine with a rotating cutting tip or reciprocating hammer or chisel, used for making holes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drillen","root_meaning":"to bore, to turn","root_language":"Middle Dutch or Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*terh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drill","meaning":"Tool for making holes","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"drillen","meaning":"to bore, to turn","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch or Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bore","drilling","driller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"borer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rehearsal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"6626ba15-94c8-4593-a040-5574d85ccb53","word":"drink","definition":"To consume a liquid by mouth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drincan","root_meaning":"to drink","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*drenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drink","meaning":"to consume liquid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drincan","meaning":"to drink","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"drenk-","meaning":"to drink","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drank","drunk","drinker","drinking","beverage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consume","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quaff","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"23cf46bd-bb2c-4e67-b5c8-a14b78e7477e","word":"drinker","definition":"A person or thing that drinks, especially someone who habitually consumes alcohol.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drincan","root_meaning":"to drink","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"Proto-Germanic *drinkaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drinker","meaning":"A person or thing that drinks, especially someone who habitually consumes alcohol.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"drink","meaning":"to consume a liquid by mouth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drincan","meaning":"to drink","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix meaning 'one who does'","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drink","drinking","drank","drunk","drunken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imbiber","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tippler","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sot","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"e2b72e1e-e096-4da8-9f0e-e7a43873dd96","word":"drip","definition":"To fall or let fall in drops.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drypan","root_meaning":"to fall in drops","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreib-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drip","meaning":"to fall in drops","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drypan","meaning":"to fall in drops","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dreib-","meaning":"to drip","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drop","drizzle","dribble","dripping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trickle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"d0b1e2b5-edb6-4514-9687-930278be25b2","word":"drive","definition":"To operate a vehicle; to push or force something forward","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drīfan","root_meaning":"to drive, push","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreyb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"drive","meaning":"to operate a vehicle; to impel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drīfan","meaning":"to drive, push forward","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dreyb-","meaning":"to push, drive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["driver","driven","drove","drive-through","driveway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"propel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"operate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"23d58a6c-4539-46c6-9feb-ca232b14bb9b","word":"driver","definition":"A person who operates a motor vehicle or someone who hits a golf ball off the tee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drive","root_meaning":"to move forward, propel","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreub-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"driver","meaning":"one who drives","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"driver","meaning":"one who drives cattle or a vehicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drive","meaning":"to move forward, propel","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*dreub-","meaning":"to push, drive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drive","driven","driving","chauffeur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motorist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chauffeur","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"d328a4a9-7b3b-440a-9f4d-139077ee1036","word":"drivers","definition":"People who operate motor vehicles; or golf clubs used for long-distance shots.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drive","root_meaning":"to push, propel, hunt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhreubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drivers","meaning":"plural of driver","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"driver","meaning":"one who drives","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"drive","meaning":"to propel, push","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drifan","meaning":"to push, drive, hunt","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drive","driving","driver's license","chauffeur","motorist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motorists","formality":"formal"},{"word":"operators","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chauffeurs","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wheelman","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"a26e06d1-a18c-497e-ac2f-64365a6b459f","word":"drives","definition":"To operate a vehicle; to move with force; to motivate or urge.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English drifan","root_meaning":"to drive, push, move","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhreuĝh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drives","meaning":"operates a vehicle or moves with force","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"drive","meaning":"to push, propel, move","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drifan","meaning":"to drive, push, move","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*dhreuĝh-","meaning":"to push, drive, thrust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drive","driven","driver","driving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propels","formality":"formal"},{"word":"motivates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pushes","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"1f34f14c-bf5d-4e93-bfe6-3c3e7f248974","word":"driveway","definition":"A short private road leading from a public road to a house or garage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drīfan, weg","root_meaning":"to drive, path","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰreibʰ-, *weǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"driveway","meaning":"private road","children":[{"era":"current","word":"drive","meaning":"to guide a vehicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drīfan","meaning":"to drive, to force","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*dʰreibʰ-","meaning":"to drive, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"way","meaning":"a path","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weg","meaning":"path, road","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*weǵʰ-","meaning":"to transport in a vehicle, to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drive","way","roadway","freeway","pathway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"access road","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"41ba427e-88fe-41a4-ac36-3cdedd4fbbbf","word":"driving","definition":"The act of operating a vehicle or moving forward with force.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drive","root_meaning":"to force or push forward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhreuǵh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"driving","meaning":"operating a vehicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drive","meaning":"to force or push","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drifan","meaning":"to push or drive","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"dhreuǵh","meaning":"to draw or push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drive","driver","driven","driveway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motoring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piloting","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"7703f4f4-8757-44c3-9396-384992f28763","word":"drone","definition":"A continuous low humming sound; a male bee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drān","root_meaning":"male bee, humming sound","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhren-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drone","meaning":"continuous low humming sound; male bee","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drān","meaning":"male bee, humming sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dran-","meaning":"to drone, hum","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dhren-","meaning":"to drone, hum","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humble-bee","bumble-bee","drum","thrum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buzz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murmur","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"cc188ab5-3456-4cd4-89f8-d7efb8f79d60","word":"drool","definition":"To let saliva run from the mouth, or to speak in a foolishly eager or sentimental way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drool","meaning":"to let saliva run from the mouth, or to speak in an overly eager way","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drooling","drooler","dribble","drivel","slobber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slobber","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dribble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salivate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"2dd047c0-d8a0-466e-a3ea-6fb90fdbbdbe","word":"drop","definition":"A small quantity of liquid; to let fall or descend","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dropa","root_meaning":"drop of liquid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*drupô","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"drop","meaning":"small amount of liquid; to fall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dropa","meaning":"drop of liquid","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*drupô","meaning":"drip, drop","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["droplet","dropdown","raindrop","dewdrop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"globule","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:05:59.099Z"}
{"id":"ad2bba43-52fb-40bb-a19b-2cc201674333","word":"drought","definition":"A drought is a prolonged period of abnormally dry weather.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*dreug-","root_meaning":"dry","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drought","meaning":"a prolonged period of abnormally dry weather","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drugaþ","meaning":"dryness; dry weather injurious to vegetation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dreug-","meaning":"dry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*drugothaz","meaning":"dryness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dry","drouth","dryness","drain","drinking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aridity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dry spell","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dryness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"d4f24507-7c57-4746-80eb-64128f689137","word":"drown","definition":"To die from being submerged in water and unable to breathe.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"drenkja","root_meaning":"to cause to drink, to make drunk, to drown","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drown","meaning":"to die by submersion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"druncnian","meaning":"to become drunk, to be immersed, to drown","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drenkja","meaning":"to cause to drink, to drown","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sink","submerge","immerse","choke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"submerge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inundate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"engulf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deluge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"1c83d3a3-03e1-46ca-a9bd-741ef437dee9","word":"drug","definition":"A substance used for medical treatment or one that produces narcotic effects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"droga","language_family":"french","root":"drogue","root_meaning":"a barrel or container","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drug","meaning":"medicinal or narcotic substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"drogue","meaning":"barrel, container of drugs","children":[{"era":null,"word":"origin unclear","meaning":"possibly from Germanic or Celtic","children":[],"language":"unknown"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drugged","drugstore","pharmacology","medication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narcotic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"8d7940fc-ea7f-4c36-8db5-6b5efe7126f4","word":"drugs","definition":"Substances intended to affect bodily functions or treat disease; also illicit narcotic substances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"drogas","language_family":"french","root":"drogue","root_meaning":"drug, medicine","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drugs","meaning":"substances intended to affect bodily functions or treat disease","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"drug","meaning":"medicine, chemical substance","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"drogue","meaning":"drug, medicine","children":[{"era":"unknown","word":"unknown origin","meaning":"possibly from Arabic or other source","children":[],"language":"other"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drug","drugged","drugging","drugstore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"medicine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substance","formality":"technical"},{"word":"narcotic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"8f04d6b9-0f3b-4703-b4a6-ad74db04dac2","word":"drum","definition":"A percussion instrument consisting of a hollow cylindrical shell with a skin or plastic membrane stretched tightly across one or both ends.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tromme","root_meaning":"drum","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drum","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"tromme","meaning":"drum","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drummer","drumming","drumstick","drummable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"percussion","formality":"technical"},{"word":"beat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rhythm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"f9f7e47d-297a-4c5e-96b8-0837610d9f05","word":"drunk","definition":"Under the influence of alcohol; intoxicated.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English druncen","root_meaning":"drunk, intoxicated","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drunk","meaning":"under the influence of alcohol","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English druncen","meaning":"drunk, intoxicated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *drunkanaz","meaning":"drunk, intoxicated","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drink","drinker","drunken","drunkard","drunkenness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intoxicated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inebriated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tipsy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"boozy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"d0f5be8f-8ba8-4638-8465-31b206cd2e42","word":"drunken","definition":"Affected by alcohol to the extent of losing control of one's faculties or behavior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drincan","root_meaning":"to drink","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dregk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"drunken","meaning":"affected by alcohol","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"druncen","meaning":"drunk (past participle of drincan)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drincan","meaning":"to drink","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drunk","drink","drunkard","drunks","drinking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intoxicated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inebriated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tipsy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"399735ad-6c09-4c54-87a4-3a2066d3de1b","word":"dry","definition":"Free from moisture or liquid; not wet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"drye","root_meaning":"not wet, withered","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhreugh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dry","meaning":"free from moisture","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"drye","meaning":"withered, not wet","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Old English drȳge","meaning":"dry, withered","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*dhreugh-","meaning":"to pull, draw","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drier","drily","dryness","dried"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"parched","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desiccated","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bone-dry","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"0c1439a6-322e-4e7c-8eae-f6ce2da12d72","word":"dsl","definition":"Digital Subscriber Line, a technology for high-speed internet transmission over copper telephone lines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"DSL","meaning":"Digital Subscriber Line technology","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"digital","meaning":"relating to digits or discrete numeric values","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"subscriber","meaning":"one who subscribes","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["broadband","internet","modem","bandwidth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"broadband","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ADSL","formality":"technical"},{"word":"high-speed internet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}
{"id":"fecf82eb-2efd-4986-84ac-fc3cf8e5c8a8","word":"dual","definition":"Composed of two things or parts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dual","language_family":"latin","root":"dualis","root_meaning":"of two","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dual","meaning":"composed of two things or parts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dualis","meaning":"of two","children":[{"era":"BCE","word":"*dwo-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duality","dualism","duel","duplicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twofold","formality":"formal"},{"word":"double","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paired","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.673Z"}
{"id":"53107236-d01e-4805-ba90-ec1c4c2f1a9b","word":"duchess","definition":"The wife or widow of a duke, or a woman who holds the rank of duke in her own right.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"duquesa","language_family":"french","root":"ducissa","root_meaning":"feminine of duke","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duchess","meaning":"wife of a duke","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"duchesse","meaning":"duchess","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ducissa","meaning":"feminine of dux","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duke","duchy","ducal","conduct","introduce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"princess","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noblewoman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lady","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"7d48640f-8c1d-4970-aca9-d0849d81af1b","word":"duck","definition":"To lower one's head or body quickly, especially to avoid a blow or to hide.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*dūcaną","root_meaning":"to dive, to duck","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duck","meaning":"to lower quickly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"duce","meaning":"to duck, dive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ducan","meaning":"to duck, dive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dūcaną","meaning":"to dive, duck","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dive","ducker","duckling","decoy","douse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dodge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crouch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plunge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"eac98226-dc64-4c03-a098-eb3273cbe583","word":"ducky","definition":"Cute, pleasing, or endearingly pretty; also a term of affection.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"duck","root_meaning":"waterfowl","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ducky","meaning":"cute or endearing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"duck","meaning":"a waterfowl","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"full of; characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duck","duckling","duckish","duckiness","ducks"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cute","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sweet","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pleasant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"4ea982e7-ab90-4908-9f7e-5d1f3947c527","word":"duct","definition":"A tube or channel used to carry air, liquid, or other material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ducto","language_family":"latin","root":"ducere","root_meaning":"to lead","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duct","meaning":"a tube or channel that carries something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ductus","meaning":"a leading, drawing, or passage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conduct","induct","deduct","aqueduct","viaduct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conduit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tube","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"6b66a4e6-7862-453e-ab01-2950279c5b70","word":"dude","definition":"An informal term for a person, typically a man; originally denoted a fastidiously dressed man or a city-dweller unfamiliar with rural life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"dude","root_meaning":"overdressed man, dandy (origin uncertain; possibly from 'doodle' as in Yankee Doodle, or Low German 'dude' meaning fool)","root_language":"American English (uncertain)","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dude","meaning":"person (informal); formerly city dandy","children":[{"era":"1880s","word":"dude","meaning":"overdressed city man; dandy","children":[{"era":"1870s","word":"dude","meaning":"fool, overdressed person","children":[],"language":"Uncertain — possibly Low German or English dialectal"}],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dudette","dude ranch","dudish","dandy","fop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"man","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"c0449def-068b-40f0-9555-faa95ffe11cf","word":"due","definition":"Owed or expected to arrive; appropriate or proper.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"debido","language_family":"french","root":"debitus","root_meaning":"owed, owing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"due","meaning":"owed or expected","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"due","meaning":"owed, appropriate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deu","meaning":"owed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"debitus","meaning":"owed, owing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["debt","debit","owe","overdue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"owed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"payable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expected","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"a8afe843-16ec-495d-b9ff-9082acebd967","word":"duel","definition":"A prearranged combat between two people, fought with deadly weapons according to an agreed code of honor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"duelo","language_family":"latin","root":"duellum","root_meaning":"war, combat between two","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duel","meaning":"combat between two","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duellum","meaning":"war, combat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duo","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duality","duo","dual","belligerent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skirmish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"showdown","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"5e7893bc-6d08-4b69-9535-64bb6b8876ca","word":"duet","definition":"A musical composition or performance for two voices or instruments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dueto","language_family":"latin","root":"duo","root_meaning":"two","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwóh₁","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duet","meaning":"a performance or composition for two performers","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Italian duetto","meaning":"short piece for two voices","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin duo","meaning":"two","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duo","dual","double","duplicate","duality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"duo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twosome","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"5eebd148-7e4e-4340-8480-d01ec70ff7ae","word":"duh","definition":"An exclamation used to express that something is obvious or foolish.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"duh","root_meaning":"(imitative sound of dullness)","root_language":"English","root_era":"20th C.","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duh","meaning":"exclamation of obviousness","children":[{"era":"1940s-1950s","word":"duh","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hmm","uh-oh","ugh","pfft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obviously","formality":"informal"},{"word":"no kidding","formality":"informal"},{"word":"well, obviously","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"15c2d880-57d7-4975-8772-47b32779a79b","word":"duke","definition":"A male ruler of a ducy or a nobleman of the highest rank (other than a monarch) in the peerages of the UK and some European countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"duque","language_family":"latin","root":"dux","root_meaning":"leader, commander","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duke","meaning":"A male ruler of a ducy or a nobleman...","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"duc","meaning":"leader, duke","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dux","meaning":"leader, commander","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ductile","conduct","educate","deduce","produce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nobleman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prince","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lord","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"44070b73-feef-4cad-901a-e99fac1da9b0","word":"dull","definition":"Lacking in interest or excitement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dol","root_meaning":"foolish, slow, blunt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dwlaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dull","meaning":"Lacking in interest or excitement.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dol","meaning":"foolish, stupid, blunt","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dwlaz","meaning":"blunt, dull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dolt","dullard","dullness","blunt","tedious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uninteresting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tedious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"36a29098-fa09-4beb-9c2b-fac0b53311a8","word":"dum","definition":"A syllable used when humming a tune.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dum","meaning":"a humming syllable","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dum-dum","dum-dum bullet","ba-dum","dum-de-dum","dumdum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"la-la","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tra-la","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fa-la","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"aba0c8df-c802-4775-8a71-4896e460d914","word":"dumb","definition":"(Of a person) unable to speak, typically because of a congenital condition or illness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dumb","root_meaning":"silent, unable to speak","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dumb","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dumb","meaning":"silent, unable to speak","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*dumbaz","meaning":"mute","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*dʰebʰ-","meaning":"to be blunt, dull, dark, smoke","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mute","dull","dampen","dummy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speechless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"ac6502df-8e7e-42a5-b9f1-d7dc1f082a72","word":"dumbass","definition":"A vulgar term for a stupid or obnoxious person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dumb","root_meaning":"mute; foolish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dumbass","meaning":"a stupid or obnoxious person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dumb","meaning":"mute; later, stupid","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ass","meaning":"donkey; later a vulgar intensifier","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dumb","dumbness","dummy","ass","jackass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"idiot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moron","formality":"informal"},{"word":"jerk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"fe361b5d-fcc2-4bbb-9327-cb9464d2dc4d","word":"dummy","definition":"An object designed to resemble and take the place of a person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dumb","root_meaning":"silent, mute","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dumbaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dummy","meaning":"an imitation or copy","children":[{"era":"16th century (sense of 'unable to speak')","word":"dumb","meaning":"mute","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"dumb","meaning":"mute","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dumb","meaning":"mute","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["dumb","dumbfound","dumbwaiter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mannequin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replica","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"04407512-f39c-4a68-9eec-adb76f559e2f","word":"dump","definition":"To deposit or drop something in a careless or untidy way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"dumpa","root_meaning":"to fall suddenly","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dump","meaning":"to discard","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dump","meaning":"to fall suddenly, plunge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dumpa","meaning":"to fall suddenly","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dumpster","dumping","dumpy","lump","thump"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unload","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"1eafc76d-09b0-453b-8d15-7ff0d5a5c4da","word":"dumpling","definition":"A small ball or mass of dough or paste cooked by boiling, often with a filling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dumpling","meaning":"a boiled dough or paste ball, often wrapped around filling","children":[{"era":"c. 1600","word":"dumpling","meaning":"boiled paste; a wrapping in which something is boiled","children":[{"era":"uncertain","word":"dump","meaning":"proposed source meaning 'lump'","children":[],"language":"English / Low German (proposed)"}],"language":"Norfolk dialect English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dump","dumpy","dumping","dumpiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gnocchi","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pasty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pelmeni","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"45d208d8-20d8-4233-b97f-8896ee1eecf0","word":"dumpster","definition":"A large refuse container, typically one that is mechanically emptied into a garbage truck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dump","root_meaning":"throw down, fall suddenly","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dumpster","meaning":"A large refuse container, typically one that is mechanically emptied into a garbage truck.","children":[{"era":"1930s","word":"Dumpster","meaning":"proprietary name for a type of refuse container (from Dempster Bros. Inc.)","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"dump","meaning":"to drop or throw down suddenly","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ster","meaning":"agent suffix (influenced by 'duster', 'coaster')","children":[],"language":"English (suffix)"}],"language":"English (trademark)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dump","dumper","dumping","dustbin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waste container","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"31592fd0-c3bc-42d6-ba7f-8a8547e77d1a","word":"dung","definition":"Dung is animal waste, especially when used as manure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dung","meaning":"animal waste; manure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dung","meaning":"manure; excrement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dungy","dunged","dunging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excrement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feces","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"1d9256f3-3bac-4ab8-8954-74ba5629c5e4","word":"dungeon","definition":"A strong underground prison cell, especially in a castle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"donjon","root_meaning":"master-tower, keep (of a castle)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dungeon","meaning":"underground prison","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"donjon","meaning":"lord's tower, keep","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"dominionem","meaning":"lordship, domain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominus","meaning":"lord, master","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["domain","dominate","dame","domination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keep","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"64ca0baa-f84f-4ce3-960d-2c9505d03e31","word":"duo","definition":"A pair of people or things, especially in music or entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dúo","language_family":"latin","root":"duo","root_meaning":"two","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duo","meaning":"A pair of people or things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duo","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dual","double","duet","duplicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twosome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"couple","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"2e673eb6-298a-4b23-95df-ea45471e203f","word":"duplicate","definition":"To make or be an exact copy or replica of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"duplicar","language_family":"latin","root":"duplicare","root_meaning":"to double","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duplicate","meaning":"to make an exact copy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duplicatus","meaning":"doubled","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duplicare","meaning":"to double","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["double","duplex","replication","copy","duplicity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clone","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"704dda19-22c9-43d8-8c67-4a4fb9e19d2d","word":"duration","definition":"The length of time that something continues or lasts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"duración","language_family":"latin","root":"durare","root_meaning":"to last, endure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"duration","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"duracion","meaning":"duration, continuance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"duratio","meaning":"a lasting, a continuing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["durable","endure","during","obdurate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"span","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"length","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"ab8f3897-d497-4714-bd0f-10bceea5ac7c","word":"during","definition":"Throughout the course of a particular time period or event.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"durante","language_family":"latin","root":"durare","root_meaning":"to last, endure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dru-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"during","meaning":"throughout a time period","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"duringe","meaning":"lasting, continuing","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"durans","meaning":"lasting, enduring","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dure","duration","durable","endure","durability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"throughout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"while","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"a6ec9b81-d8ea-4623-b506-bd805bfe750e","word":"dust","definition":"Fine dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or other matter, often carried by the wind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dūstaz","root_meaning":"dust, fine particles","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰews-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dust","meaning":"fine particles","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dūst","meaning":"dust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dūstaz","meaning":"dust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dʰews-","meaning":"dust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dusty","dustbin","dustpan","duster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fine particles","formality":"technical"},{"word":"grime","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"f90bfa3c-7971-4d62-a0d7-83d5c15c86a3","word":"dusty","definition":"Covered with or full of dust.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dūst","root_meaning":"fine particles of earth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dusty","meaning":"covered with dust","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dust","meaning":"dust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dūst","meaning":"fine particles","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dūstą","meaning":"dust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dust","duster","dustbin","dust-up","powder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grimy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dirty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filthy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"6f761d37-4943-4c8f-9757-43bdfde3672a","word":"dutch","definition":"Of or relating to the Netherlands, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"duitsc","root_meaning":"of the people","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þeudō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dutch","meaning":"Of or relating to the Netherlands, its people, or its language.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"dutch","meaning":"German","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thiot","meaning":"people, nation","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"þeudō","meaning":"people, nation","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Deutschland","Teutonic","Deutsch","Duits","diet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Netherlandic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Hollander","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"47d93d25-2b0b-40a0-94ba-dee62dd56e1b","word":"duty","definition":"A moral or legal obligation or a tax on imports.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"deber","language_family":"french","root":"deu","root_meaning":"owed, due","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"dēbitum","meaning":"Something owed, obligation.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"deu","meaning":"Owed, due, obligated.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"duty","meaning":"An obligation, responsibility.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"deber","meaning":"Duty, obligation.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["dutiful","dutifully"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obligation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"responsibility","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"eef06129-baec-42f5-b06e-8f5b684208a9","word":"dvd","definition":"A digital video disc or versatile disc used for storing data or media.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dvd","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"dvd","meaning":"digital versatile disc","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"dvd","meaning":"acronym for Digital Versatile Disc","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["disc","disk","cd","optical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disc","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digital disc","formality":"technical"},{"word":"optical media","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"57631b25-fde3-49ae-ae20-15b43b447038","word":"dvds","definition":"Plural form of DVD; digital versatile discs used for storing and playing video and audio.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"acronym","root_meaning":"Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dvds","meaning":"plural of DVD optical discs","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"DVD","meaning":"Digital Versatile Disc","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"digital","meaning":"relating to digits or numerical data","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"versatile","meaning":"capable of many uses","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["DVD","disc","optical","digital"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"optical media","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"8767a5b2-399f-4a65-ae99-147b2f03888b","word":"dwarf","definition":"A person of unusually small stature, often a mythical being of folklore and fairy tales.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dweorg","root_meaning":"dwarf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhwergʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dwarf","meaning":"A person of unusually small stature","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dweorg","meaning":"dwarf","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dhwergʰ-","meaning":"dwarf","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dwarfish","dwarfs","dwarven","dwarfing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"midget","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gnome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pygmy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"89de440c-0c0a-48f7-b243-ac9fc93951cf","word":"dwell","definition":"To live or reside in a place, or to stay for a time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*dwaljanan","root_meaning":"to delay, mislead, or hinder","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dwell","meaning":"to live or reside in a place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dwellen","meaning":"to linger or stay","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dwellan","meaning":"to delay, mislead, or hinder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dwaljanan","meaning":"to delay or make dull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dweller","dwelling","dwelt","dwelled","indwell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reside","formality":"formal"},{"word":"live","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhabit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"7192a76d-b1d9-4ba3-9dbb-ed4d6ccd885c","word":"dye","definition":"To impart a new color or tint to, especially by steeping in a coloring solution.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"deyja","root_meaning":"to color, to dye","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*daujanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dye","meaning":"to color","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"deigh","meaning":"to dye","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deyja","meaning":"to color","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dying","dyer","dyestuff","tincture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"color","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"ab714113-2436-4ff7-81f7-71561b2d9ecb","word":"dyke","definition":"A ditch, embankment, or barrier built to manage water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dique","language_family":"germanic","root":"dīc","root_meaning":"ditch, dike, earthwork","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dheigh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dyke","meaning":"a ditch or embankment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dike","meaning":"ditch, embankment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dīc","meaning":"ditch, earthwork, dam","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dīk-","meaning":"ditch, dike","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dheigh-","meaning":"to form, build, shape","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dike","diked","dyking","diking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ditch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embankment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"levee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"c0da1cc4-9c4d-4d3f-9cc8-6f0b83d91233","word":"dynamic","definition":"Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dinámico","language_family":"greek","root":"dynamikos","root_meaning":"powerful","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"dynamikós (δυναμικός)","meaning":"Powerful, mighty. From dynamis (power, force).","children":[{"era":"1817","word":"dynamic","meaning":"Energetic and forceful.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"dinámico","meaning":"Dynamic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["dynamics","dynamite","dynasty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"energetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigorous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lively","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f1109591-7e72-4148-be15-6136177c1c61","word":"dynamite","definition":"A high explosive consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed in a porous material, used for blasting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dinamita","language_family":"greek","root":"δύναμις (dynamis)","root_meaning":"power","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"dynamite","meaning":"A high explosive.","children":[{"era":"1860s","word":"dynamite","meaning":"explosive material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"δύναμις (dynamis)","meaning":"power","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English (coined)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dynamic","dynamics","dynamo","dynasty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explosive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nitroglycerin","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"e5cce586-b97a-462e-a3aa-2f288a16efbe","word":"dynasty","definition":"A line of hereditary rulers of a country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dinastía","language_family":"greek","root":"dynasteia","root_meaning":"power, lordship","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"dynasteía (δυναστεία)","meaning":"Power, lordship, dominion. From dynastēs (ruler), from dynamis (power).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"dynasty","meaning":"A ruling family line.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"dinastía","meaning":"Dynasty.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["dynastic","dynamic","dynamite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lineage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"house","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruling family","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"322a9c81-c8b6-44ff-b5b6-30dcf4d486f6","word":"each","definition":"Every one of two or more people or things considered individually","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ǣlc","root_meaning":"each, every","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aiwaz + *ga-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"each","meaning":"every individual one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣlc","meaning":"each, every, all","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*aiwaz + *ga-","meaning":"ever + intensive prefix","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["each-other","each-way"],"synonyms":[{"word":"every","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apiece","formality":"formal"},{"word":"individually","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:18:43.534Z"}
{"id":"22b02581-4939-4890-8406-65f6705192e0","word":"eager","definition":"Wanting to do or have something very much; characterized by intense interest or enthusiasm.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"agrio","language_family":"french","root":"aigre","root_meaning":"sharp, sour, keen, eager","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eager","meaning":"keenly desirous","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aigre","meaning":"sharp, sour, keen, eager","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acer","meaning":"sharp, keen, sour","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*aḱ-","meaning":"sharp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acrid","acid","acute","vinegar","keen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"keen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enthusiastic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fervent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ardent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"da6625a0-c629-40f2-a37a-bf685c9b8cd3","word":"ear","definition":"The organ of hearing and balance in humans and other vertebrates, especially the external part of it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eare","root_meaning":"ear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂ews-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ear","meaning":"The organ of hearing.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eare","meaning":"ear","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*auzon","meaning":"ear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aural","auricle","hear","listen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"auditory organ","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pinna","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"a875c23b-560f-44b3-ad75-e00bafdbd5f6","word":"earl","definition":"A British nobleman ranking above a viscount and below a marquess.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"jarl","root_meaning":"chief, nobleman","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"earl","meaning":"British nobleman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eorl","meaning":"nobleman, warrior","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"jarl","meaning":"chief, nobleman","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duke","viscount","marquess","baron","noble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"count","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"1452e1f2-f59c-4e2d-8843-11ab919de6cc","word":"earlier","definition":"Occurring or existing at a time before another event or time period.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ear","root_meaning":"before, early","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"earlier","meaning":"At a prior time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"early","meaning":"early, soon","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*er-","meaning":"before, earlier","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["early","earliest","earlier-stage","earliness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"previous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"former","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preceding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"3950fad7-ff67-4ae0-a592-8086121e0059","word":"early","definition":"Before the usual or expected time; near the beginning of a period.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"temprano","language_family":"germanic","root":"ǣrlīce","root_meaning":"before the usual time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ajr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"early","meaning":"At or near the beginning; before the expected time.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ǣr","meaning":"Before, previously.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ǣrlīce","meaning":"Before the usual time.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["earlier","earliest","earthy","earn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"premature","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ahead of time","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"7b292667-669d-4eb3-a9ab-6bb30346f827","word":"earn","definition":"To obtain money in return for labor or services.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"earnian","root_meaning":"to merit, deserve, earn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aznan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"earn","meaning":"To obtain money in return for labor or services.","children":[{"era":"null","word":"earnien","meaning":"earn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"earnian","meaning":"to merit, deserve, earn","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*aznan","meaning":"to harvest, earn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["earnings","earned","earnest","ardor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"make","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reap","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"5947073c-ea03-41f7-9ae1-96dec7a6cb35","word":"earnest","definition":"Serious and sincere in intention, manner, or expression.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*ernustuz","root_meaning":"earnestness; seriousness; strength","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"earnest","meaning":"serious and sincere","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"eornest","meaning":"earnestness; seriousness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eornost","meaning":"earnestness; zeal; seriousness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ernustuz","meaning":"earnestness; strength; seriousness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["earnestness","earnestly","earnestful","earnest-minded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"serious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sincere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solemn","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grave","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"0dcbaaab-9e13-46a1-8f07-887650112fb4","word":"earring","definition":"A piece of jewelry worn on the lobe or edge of the ear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ear (Old English) + hring (Old English)","root_meaning":"organ of hearing + ring/circle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*auzōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"earring","meaning":"jewelry for the ear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ear","meaning":"organ of hearing","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hring","meaning":"ring, circle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["earlobe","rings","jewelry","earbud","ringlet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ear-drop","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"30b7622a-c6a7-4c9a-bfcc-1044a28a0919","word":"earth","definition":"The planet on which we live; the substance of the land surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tierra","language_family":"germanic","root":"eorþe","root_meaning":"ground, soil, the world","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"earth","meaning":"The planet; soil.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"eorþe","meaning":"Ground, soil, this world.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*er-","meaning":"Earth, ground.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["earthly","earthen","earthquake","earthy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"world","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"globe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soil","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"c5100bec-0bc3-4bef-a56e-081aba752b40","word":"earthly","definition":"Earthly means belonging to the Earth or to ordinary worldly life.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eorþe","root_meaning":"earth or ground","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"earthly","meaning":"belonging to the Earth or worldly life","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"earthly","meaning":"earth-like, worldly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eorþlic","meaning":"earthly or terrestrial","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eorþe","meaning":"earth, ground","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-lic","meaning":"-like, -ly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["earth","earthen","earthbound","earthworm","earthlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrestrial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"worldly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mundane","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"65b44642-faa3-4288-aae3-da2c9e63a23d","word":"earthquake","definition":"A sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eorthe + cwacung","root_meaning":"ground + shaking","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁erþ- + *gʷʰagʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"earthquake","meaning":"ground shaking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eorþcwacung","meaning":"earth-shaking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eorþe","meaning":"earth","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cwacian","meaning":"to quake, tremble","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["earth","quake","tremor","seismic","terremoto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tremor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seism","formality":"technical"},{"word":"convulsion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"fe955c91-f478-4a59-bd22-d66ccb6624d0","word":"ease","definition":"Absence of difficulty or effort; freedom from discomfort.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"aise","root_meaning":"comfort, opportunity","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ease","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"aise","meaning":"comfort, opportunity","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["easy","unease","easement","easily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relaxation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facility","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"e0e5e509-3d61-4c27-9f38-aa423d8751d0","word":"easier","definition":"More easily accomplished, managed, or done with less effort or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"aise","root_meaning":"comfort, convenience","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"easier","meaning":"more facile or requiring less effort","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"easy","meaning":"not difficult","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aise","meaning":"comfort, ease","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["easy","ease","easily","unease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"simpler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"more facile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"effortless","formality":"formal"},{"word":"uncomplicated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"220c9a56-458a-4914-a80a-2ef985160096","word":"easily","definition":"In a manner that requires little effort or difficulty; without hardship.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"fácilmente","language_family":"latin","root":"facilis","root_meaning":"easy, capable of being done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"easily","meaning":"without difficulty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"easy","meaning":"not difficult","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aise","meaning":"ease, opportunity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facilis","meaning":"easy, capable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["easy","ease","easier","easiest","unease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"effortlessly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"readily","formality":"formal"},{"word":"simply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"without difficulty","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"9dcba37a-a059-45e0-ba4f-46357ef1ecc2","word":"east","definition":"The direction in which the sun rises; the eastern part","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ēast","root_meaning":"east, the direction of dawn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*austrą","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"east","meaning":"direction of sunrise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēast","meaning":"east, eastern","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*austrą","meaning":"east, dawn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eastern","eastward","northeast","southeast","Middle East"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orient","formality":"literary"},{"word":"eastward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"80251b27-3e5b-41e9-aa34-ab7d688875f8","word":"easter","definition":"The most important and oldest festival of the Christian Church, celebrating the resurrection of Christ.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Ēastre","root_meaning":"name of a pagan goddess of spring","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*austrōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Easter","meaning":"Christian festival","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Ēastre","meaning":"goddess of spring","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*austrōn-","meaning":"dawn","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*aus-","meaning":"to shine, to glow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Eostre","Ostara","east","dawn","aurora"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Passover","formality":"religious"},{"word":"Resurrection Day","formality":"religious"},{"word":"holiday","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"06779602-4c47-43d2-94d8-b1825cb090de","word":"eastern","definition":"Relating to, situated in, or coming from the east.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"oriental","language_family":"germanic","root":"ēast","root_meaning":"east","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eastern","meaning":"relating to the east","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"east","meaning":"direction of sunrise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēast","meaning":"east","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["east","eastward","easterly","northeast","southeast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oriental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"easterly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eastbound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"2b586992-d9de-4694-8e34-d5b5d5ded932","word":"easy","definition":"Not difficult; requiring or involving little effort, trouble, or complication.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"aisé","root_meaning":"at ease, comfortable","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"easy","meaning":"not difficult","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"eesy","meaning":"at ease, comfortable","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aisé","meaning":"at ease, free from difficulty","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"aise","meaning":"ease, comfort","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["easier","easiest","easily","easiness","unease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"simple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effortless","formality":"formal"},{"word":"facile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"uncomplicated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"86fe633b-1d1b-4e1a-a933-ea4b98140ce8","word":"eat","definition":"To put food into the mouth, chew, and swallow","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"etan","root_meaning":"to eat, consume","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*etanan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eat","meaning":"to consume food","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"etan","meaning":"to eat, consume","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*etanan-","meaning":"to eat","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*h₁ed-","meaning":"to eat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ate","eaten","eating","overeat","eatery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consume","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"munch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"d30d13b8-fd92-48b9-8bf8-a2538808ed9d","word":"eater","definition":"A person or thing that eats.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*etaną","root_meaning":"to eat","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h1ed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eater","meaning":"a person or thing that eats","children":[{"era":"current","word":"eat","meaning":"to consume food","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"etan","meaning":"to eat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*etaną","meaning":"to eat","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*h1ed-","meaning":"to eat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eat","eating","eaten","overeater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consumer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"devourer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ingester","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"133e7b94-79db-462f-b19a-a256b92a158d","word":"ebay","definition":"An online marketplace for buying and selling goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"E-Bay","root_meaning":"Electronic Bay","root_language":"English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1995","word":"eBay","meaning":"electronic marketplace","children":[{"era":"1995","word":"Echo Bay","meaning":"founder Pierre Omidyar's original name reference","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["e-commerce","online","marketplace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marketplace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auction site","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"e-commerce platform","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"7a8df94c-4d34-41eb-a7a0-c8b81314004b","word":"ebony","definition":"Heavy blackish or very dark brown timber from a tropical tree.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ébano","language_family":"greek","root":"ebenon","root_meaning":"ebony tree","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ebony","meaning":"Heavy blackish or very dark brown timber from a tropical tree.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ebene","meaning":"ebony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hebenus","meaning":"ebony tree","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ebenon","meaning":"ebony tree","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ebon","ebonize","ebonite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blackwood","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dark wood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"9befbfd5-85d4-4abd-888c-abd5de9c9ffa","word":"eccentric","definition":"Not centered or behaving in an unconventional way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"excéntrico","language_family":"greek","root":"ἔκκεντρος","root_meaning":"off-center; not having the center","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eccentric","meaning":"Not centered or behaving in an unconventional way.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"excentrique","meaning":"Off-center; unusual.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"eccentricus","meaning":"Off-center; not centered.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἔκκεντρος","meaning":"Not having the center; off-center.","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eccentricity","eccentrically","eccentrics","eccentrical","excentric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"odd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unconventional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quirky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"peculiar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"cada7e8c-7a75-4a99-86fa-67d410e57834","word":"echo","definition":"A sound caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eco","language_family":"greek","root":"ēkhō","root_meaning":"a sound, echo","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~700 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"ēkhṓ (ἠχώ)","meaning":"A sound, echo. Named after the nymph Echo in Greek mythology.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"echo","meaning":"A reflected sound.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"eco","meaning":"Echo.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["echolocation","echoic","anechoic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reverberation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reflection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"db852fd1-0ed6-4030-86f4-10981e68270c","word":"eclipse","definition":"An obscuring of light from one celestial body by the passage of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eclipse","language_family":"greek","root":"ekleipsis","root_meaning":"a forsaking, failing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"ékleipsis (ἔκλειψις)","meaning":"An abandonment, a failing. From ekleipein (to leave out, forsake).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"eclipse","meaning":"Blocking of celestial light.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"eclipse","meaning":"Eclipse.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["ecliptic","ellipsis","eclipsed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obscuring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overshadowing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0dfcc81e-ac0e-4388-a7e0-1c4c666a6c59","word":"ecology","definition":"The branch of biology dealing with the relations of organisms to their environment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ecología","language_family":"greek","root":"oikos + logos","root_meaning":"house study","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"oîkos (οἶκος) + -logía (-λογία)","meaning":"Study of the household/environment. Coined by Haeckel in 1866 from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1873","word":"ecology","meaning":"The science of environmental relationships.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"ecología","meaning":"Ecology.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["ecological","ecologist","ecosystem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"environmental science","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bionomics","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"cf3a8236-ce24-43b0-a89f-125ce8d89881","word":"economic","definition":"Relating to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"económico","language_family":"greek","root":"oikonomikos","root_meaning":"relating to household management","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"economic","meaning":"relating to economy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"economique","meaning":"relating to economy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oikonomikos","meaning":"household management","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["economy","economist","economics","economical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiscal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commercial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"95ecf0ad-44b7-449c-898e-ff3513c027cd","word":"economics","definition":"The social science concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"economía","language_family":"greek","root":"oikonomia","root_meaning":"household management","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"economics","meaning":"science of production and consumption of goods","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"economic","meaning":"relating to the economy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oikonomia","meaning":"household management","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["economic","economist","economical","economy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"political economy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commerce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finance","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"073190b3-7fae-41cb-8044-bb3cc38f54b6","word":"economy","definition":"The system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"economía","language_family":"latin","root":"oeconomia","root_meaning":"household management","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"oeconomia","meaning":"Household management, thrift.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"economy","meaning":"System of wealth and resources.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"economía","meaning":"Economy, thrift.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["economic","economist","economize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"market","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"financial system","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thrift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2ecde128-c3fd-4967-8b3a-50aa9b917a96","word":"ecstasy","definition":"An overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"éxtasis","language_family":"greek","root":"ekstasis","root_meaning":"displacement, trance, astonishment","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ecstasy","meaning":"overwhelming joy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"extasie","meaning":"trance, rapture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ecstasis","meaning":"trance, bewilderment","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ekstasis","meaning":"displacement, trance","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["static","system","stasis","apostasy","epistemology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rapture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"euphoria","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"1e0c6580-4031-4ec1-a6e3-e9540a0c8fee","word":"ecstatic","definition":"Feeling or expressing overwhelming joy or rapture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extático","language_family":"greek","root":"ekstatikos","root_meaning":"standing outside oneself","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ecstatic","meaning":"Feeling or expressing overwhelming joy or rapture.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ecstaticus","meaning":"Having a state of ecstasy.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ekstatikos","meaning":"Standing outside oneself; entranced.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ekstasis","meaning":"A standing outside oneself; trance or rapture.","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ecstasy","ecstaticly","ecstatical","ecstatics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rapturous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exultant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"39d01209-267a-4bef-9ead-0659c32607c3","word":"eden","definition":"A place of pristine natural beauty and tranquility; paradise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Edén","language_family":"other","root":"ʿĒḏen","root_meaning":"delight, pleasure","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"biblical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Eden","meaning":"paradise","children":[{"era":"Biblical Latin","word":"Eden","meaning":"paradise","children":[{"era":"Septuagint","word":"Eden","meaning":"paradise","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"ʿĒḏen","meaning":"delight","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paradise","delightful","pleasant","garden","utopia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paradise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heaven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utopia","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"447831f3-5afd-4e1d-8132-d3bbcebc4e9d","word":"edge","definition":"The border or outer limit of something; a sharp side of a blade","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ecg","root_meaning":"edge, sword, blade","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*agjō","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"edge","meaning":"border, sharp side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ecg","meaning":"edge, sword, blade","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*agjō","meaning":"edge, point","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["edgy","edging","cutting-edge","ledge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boundary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"border","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:05:59.099Z"}
{"id":"19c5ae90-019c-4f05-9b4a-45b4346048bb","word":"edgy","definition":"Nervous, irritable, or stylishly provocative.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ecg","root_meaning":"edge; blade","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*agjō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"edgy","meaning":"Nervous, irritable, or stylishly provocative.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"edge","meaning":"a sharp border or point","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ecg","meaning":"edge; blade","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*agjō","meaning":"edge; point","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-y","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["edge","edginess","edgeless","edgewise","edgily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anxious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irritable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"342e08d8-86f4-420a-9542-0e5983c95eaa","word":"edible","definition":"Fit or safe to eat.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"edere","root_meaning":"to eat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"edible","meaning":"fit or safe to eat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"edibilis","meaning":"eatable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"edere","meaning":"to eat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ed-","meaning":"to eat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["edibility","inedible","eatable","edacious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eatable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comestible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ingestible","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"d5a29877-117b-4c34-a693-07a4cf7b518c","word":"edison","definition":"A common surname of English origin, meaning 'son of Ede' or 'son of Edith.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Eadwig/Eadgyð + son","root_meaning":"rich-war/rich-battle + son","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*audaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Edison","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"Ede","meaning":"short form of Eadwig/Edith","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Eadwig","meaning":"rich-war","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Eadgyð","meaning":"rich-battle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Edith","Edward","Edmund","Edwin"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"d7a7fcd9-2893-4290-b9b6-86202a5fd102","word":"edit","definition":"To revise, correct, or prepare written or recorded material for publication.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"editus","root_meaning":"published; produced","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"edit","meaning":"revise for publication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"editus","meaning":"published","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["editor","edition","edits","editorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"018abb56-3cee-44f1-a26f-45c895e5b0ea","word":"edition","definition":"A particular version or printing of a book or text; one complete issue of a publication.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"edición","language_family":"latin","root":"editio","root_meaning":"a publishing, issuance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"edition","meaning":"version of a published work","children":[{"era":"1400-1600","word":"edition","meaning":"publishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"editio","meaning":"a publishing, issuance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"editus","meaning":"published, put forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["edit","editor","editorial","editions"],"synonyms":[{"word":"version","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"printing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"publication","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"f7bda2d3-5289-47ad-a4cb-3309f22d4274","word":"editor","definition":"A person who selects, arranges, and prepares material for publication or broadcast.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"editor","language_family":"latin","root":"edere","root_meaning":"to publish or put forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"editor","meaning":"one who edits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"editor","meaning":"one who produces or publishes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"edere","meaning":"to put forth, produce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["edit","edition","editorial","edited"],"synonyms":[{"word":"publisher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reviser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"redactor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"99a7bb50-4ad4-4256-893c-7cb77bcd0b3b","word":"editorial","definition":"Relating to the editing or publication of written works, or an article expressing opinions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"editorial","language_family":"latin","root":"editus","root_meaning":"brought out, published","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"editorial","meaning":"relating to editing or publication","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"editorial","meaning":"pertaining to publication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"editus","meaning":"brought out, published","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["editor","edit","edition","editable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opinion piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commentary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"article","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"379b8b5e-01dd-4774-9e4d-8263a0d18d44","word":"educate","definition":"To give intellectual or moral instruction to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"educar","language_family":"latin","root":"ēducāre","root_meaning":"to bring up, rear, train","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ēducāre","meaning":"To bring up, rear, educate.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"educate","meaning":"To teach, instruct.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"educar","meaning":"To educate, bring up.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["education","educator","educational"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instruct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"train","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"017be9b0-c870-4dfe-88cb-ed64c6339220","word":"education","definition":"The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"educación","language_family":"latin","root":"educatio","root_meaning":"a rearing, a training","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"100s","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*deuk-","meaning":"To lead.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"educere","meaning":"To lead out, to bring up.","children":[{"era":"100s","word":"educatio","meaning":"A training, a rearing.","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"education","meaning":"Process of systematic learning.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"educación","meaning":"Education.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["educate","educator","educe","seduce","duct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instruction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"schooling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"learning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"419e49b7-c660-42b2-af50-c14be2afabf5","word":"educational","definition":"Relating to the process of teaching and learning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"educacional","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin educare","root_meaning":"to lead out, educate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*duk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"educational","meaning":"relating to education","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"educate","meaning":"lead out, educate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"educare","meaning":"to lead out","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*duk-","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["educate","education","educator","educated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instructional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pedagogical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"academic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"011c08c1-6af2-42c5-830a-5065ef71e04a","word":"educator","definition":"A person who provides instruction or training, especially in a school or university.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"educador","language_family":"latin","root":"educare","root_meaning":"bring up, rear, train","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"educator","meaning":"person who educates","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"educate","meaning":"to lead out, bring up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"educare","meaning":"to lead out, bring up, rear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["educate","education","educational","edification"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teacher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instructor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"41d7f1eb-9ea7-45f8-8fbd-48e39dfb5851","word":"eel","definition":"A long, slender fish with a snake-like body, especially one of the order Anguilliformes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*ælaz","root_meaning":"eel","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eel","meaning":"a long, slender fish with a snake-like body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æl","meaning":"eel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ælaz","meaning":"eel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elver","eel-skin","eelfare","sand eel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snake","formality":"informal"},{"word":"serpent","formality":"literary"},{"word":"moray","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"90cf97d3-7a4a-403f-b935-fb4c9b6c8c9e","word":"eerie","definition":"Strange and frightening; suggestive of the supernatural.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"earg","root_meaning":"timid, fearful, cowardly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*har(n)gaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"eerie","meaning":"strange and frightening","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"eerie","meaning":"frightened, timid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"earg","meaning":"timid, fearful","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*har(n)gaz","meaning":"timid, scared","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*or-","meaning":"to stir, rise, move (with sense of easily moved to fear)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["uncanny","spooky","creepy","ghastly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spooky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"creepy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"uncanny","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"3e47e53b-460a-4123-a498-8a846ca1c1a2","word":"effect","definition":"A change produced by an action or other cause.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"efecto","language_family":"latin","root":"effectus","root_meaning":"accomplishment, performance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"efficere","meaning":"To work out, accomplish.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"effect","meaning":"Result, consequence.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"efecto","meaning":"Effect, result.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["effective","effectively","effectuate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"result","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outcome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"fefc65ef-0b20-4e06-9bd8-5ac0cfe1bde7","word":"effective","definition":"Successful in producing a desired or intended result; having the power to effect change.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"efectivo","language_family":"latin","root":"effectus","root_meaning":"accomplished, done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"effective","meaning":"producing desired results","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"effectif","meaning":"effective, actual","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"effectivus","meaning":"productive, effective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"effectus","meaning":"accomplished, done","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["effect","effectual","effectiveness","ineffective","effects"],"synonyms":[{"word":"successful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"efficient","formality":"formal"},{"word":"potent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"productive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.701Z"}
{"id":"7d6e5570-a90f-4d32-b054-1ca9bd7223e9","word":"effectiveness","definition":"The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired or intended result; success.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"efectividad","language_family":"latin","root":"effectivus","root_meaning":"productive, effective","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"effectiveness","meaning":"The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired or intended result; success.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"effective","meaning":"producing a desired result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"effectivus","meaning":"productive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"efficere","meaning":"to accomplish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["effective","effect","effectively","ineffectiveness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"efficacy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"potency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utility","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"63b98f2c-688d-4a56-b5c3-4a978a054003","word":"effects","definition":"Results or consequences of an action, or personal belongings and possessions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"efectos","language_family":"latin","root":"effectus","root_meaning":"accomplished, done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"effects","meaning":"results or belongings","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"effect","meaning":"result or consequence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"effectus","meaning":"accomplished, done","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"efficere","meaning":"to accomplish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["effective","effectual","effect","affect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"results","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequences","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belongings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impacts","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"f582c755-a2df-4216-ba84-14628d810187","word":"efficiency","definition":"The state or quality of being efficient.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eficiencia","language_family":"latin","root":"efficere","root_meaning":"to bring about, accomplish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"efficiency","meaning":"state of being efficient","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"efficientem","meaning":"effective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"efficere","meaning":"to bring about","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["efficient","efficacious","effect","effective","factory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"productivity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effectiveness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"efficacy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"f47c00d0-45da-462a-a599-246246e8eae8","word":"efficient","definition":"Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"eficiente","language_family":"latin","root":"efficere","root_meaning":"to bring about, accomplish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"efficient","meaning":"achieving maximum productivity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"efficientem","meaning":"effective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"efficere","meaning":"to bring about","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["efficiency","efficacious","effect","effective","proficiency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"productive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"streamlined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effective","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"5e1ea1ba-d010-4f7e-bfb5-87f8eec13906","word":"effort","definition":"A vigorous or determined attempt; the exertion of physical or mental energy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esfuerzo","language_family":"french","root":"esfort","root_meaning":"exertion of force","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"200s BCE","word":"fortis","meaning":"Strong.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"esfort","meaning":"Force, exertion.","children":[{"era":"1480s","word":"effort","meaning":"Exertion of energy to do something.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"esfuerzo","meaning":"Effort, exertion.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["effortless","enforce","force","comfort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exertion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attempt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"aec0d332-2a6e-4503-8c51-5592d3f5ed7c","word":"efforts","definition":"Plural of effort; attempts or exertions of physical or mental power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esfuerzos","language_family":"latin","root":"ex-","root_meaning":"out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ex-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"efforts","meaning":"plural of attempt or exertion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"effort","meaning":"exertion, attempt","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"effort","meaning":"exertion, force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + fortem","meaning":"out of strength; strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["effort","exert","forceful","enforce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attempts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exertions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endeavors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tries","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"8e7eea78-c97b-4c59-a27b-3d428a5d974a","word":"egg","definition":"An oval object laid by female birds, reptiles, insects, or fish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*ajja-","root_meaning":"egg","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ōwyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"egg","meaning":"Reproductive cell of a female animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"egg","meaning":"egg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ajja-","meaning":"egg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ōwyo-","meaning":"egg","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oval","ovum","oogenesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ovum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spawn","formality":"technical"},{"word":"roe","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"901dbbb8-27ce-441f-a773-18a8e883b48d","word":"ego","definition":"A person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ego","language_family":"latin","root":"ego","root_meaning":"I","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*eǵh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ego","meaning":"sense of self","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ego","meaning":"I","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"egō","meaning":"I","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*eǵh₂-","meaning":"I","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["egocentric","egotistical","alter ego","egoism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-importance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conceit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pride","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"7cef4cf1-7bdd-4759-868b-bc0f0ac85792","word":"egyptian","definition":"Of or relating to Egypt, its people, or their ancient or modern language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"egipcio","language_family":"greek","root":"Aigyptios","root_meaning":"Egyptian (person from Egypt)","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Egyptian","meaning":"of Egypt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Egyptian","meaning":"of Egypt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aiguptios","meaning":"of Egypt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aiguptos","meaning":"Egypt","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ","meaning":"'mansion of the ka of Ptah'","children":[],"language":"Ancient Egyptian"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Egypt","Coptic","pyramid","Pharaoh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Nilotic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ancient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Arabic","formality":"contextual, neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"d9992655-389d-4f28-b57a-c7dd03b08f62","word":"eight","definition":"The number 8, representing one more than seven.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ocho","language_family":"germanic","root":"ahtau","root_meaning":"eight","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*oḱtóu","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eight","meaning":"the cardinal number 8","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eight","meaning":"the number 8","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ahtau","meaning":"eight","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"oḱtóu","meaning":"eight","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eight","eighth","eighty","octo","octopus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"octo","formality":"technical"},{"word":"VIII","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"f376b3eb-f639-4f53-9c9a-2406f923878d","word":"eighteen","definition":"The cardinal number equivalent to the sum of fifteen and three.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"dieciocho","language_family":"germanic","root":"eahta-teh(a)ne","root_meaning":"eight and ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*oktō-deḱm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eighteen","meaning":"the cardinal number equivalent to the sum of fifteen and three","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eahta-teh(a)ne","meaning":"eight and ten","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eight","ten","eighth","eighteenth"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"8ea28c81-6677-4218-a75b-f16135b6d318","word":"eighth","definition":"Constituting number eight in a sequence; one of eight equal parts of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"octavo","language_family":"germanic","root":"eahtoþa","root_meaning":"eighth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*oḱtṓw","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eighth","meaning":"number eight in sequence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eahtoþa","meaning":"eighth","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ahtaudô","meaning":"eighth","children":[{"era":"8000-4000 BCE","word":"*oḱtṓw","meaning":"eight","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eight","eighty","octave","octal","octet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"octonary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ordinal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"ddffe57d-dfb6-4851-90aa-5933482196a6","word":"eighty","definition":"The number 80.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hundeahtatig","root_meaning":"eighty","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eighty","meaning":"the number 80","children":[{"era":"late 13th c.","word":"eigteti","meaning":"eighty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eight","meaning":"8","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ty","meaning":"tens-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eight","eightieth","eightyfold","eighties","eighteen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fourscore","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"80","formality":"technical"},{"word":"eight tens","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"e4f26fa1-7872-4da3-8401-f9e61b101b38","word":"either","definition":"One or the other of two; used to refer to two alternatives.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æg","root_meaning":"both or either","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"either","meaning":"one or the other of two","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"either","meaning":"both or either","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æg","meaning":"both or either","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neither","whether","both"],"synonyms":[{"word":"one or the other","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"any","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"5258fd10-a37b-4820-bb17-38a61ee813de","word":"elaborate","definition":"To develop or present in detail; (adjective) Involving many carefully arranged parts or details.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"elaborar","language_family":"latin","root":"elaborare","root_meaning":"to work out, produce by labor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lebʰ- (to lick, lap up, absorb)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elaborate","meaning":"to explain in detail; complex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēlaborātus","meaning":"worked out (past participle of ēlaborāre)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out, thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"laborāre","meaning":"to work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"labor","meaning":"work, toil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["labor","laborious","elaboration","collaborate","labour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expound","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"develop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"7bdedfac-3fac-4a6e-90c1-bb00408e1d4e","word":"elastic","definition":"Able to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"elástico","language_family":"greek","root":"elastos","root_meaning":"ductile, beaten","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"elastós (ἐλαστός)","meaning":"Ductile, beaten out. From elaunein (to drive, beat out).","children":[{"era":"1650s","word":"elastic","meaning":"Able to spring back to shape.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"elástico","meaning":"Elastic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["elasticity","inelastic","elastomer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flexible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stretchy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"resilient","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"401d8311-1ecf-4076-bc9f-ea11dda66075","word":"elbow","definition":"The joint connecting the forearm and upper arm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"elnboga","root_meaning":"elbow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃el-bʰu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elbow","meaning":"The joint connecting the forearm and upper arm.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"elnboga","meaning":"elbow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bow","limb","forearm","joint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"7be29820-2481-4838-985a-0f9638449312","word":"elder","definition":"A person of greater age or higher rank.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ealdra","root_meaning":"older","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂eldʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elder","meaning":"older person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ealdra","meaning":"older (comparative of old)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eald","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["old","oldest","elderly","eldership","eld"],"synonyms":[{"word":"older","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"senior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aged","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"af244dd0-ff26-4e56-9e76-f09cfcb950d6","word":"elderly","definition":"Of or relating to old people, or characteristic of old people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eald","root_meaning":"old","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aldaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elderly","meaning":"of old age","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"elder","meaning":"older","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ieldra","meaning":"older","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eald","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elder","old","age","alderman","eldest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"senior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"geriatric","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"d1959d16-06a5-493b-8c09-ee4c92badab7","word":"elderman","definition":"A chief or leader of a tribe or clan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ealdorman","root_meaning":"elder man","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elderman","meaning":"A chief or leader of a tribe or clan.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ealdorman","meaning":"elder man","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elder","alderman","old","man"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chieftain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"patriarch","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"fb256f62-3e23-4d64-9112-ad092844c785","word":"eldest","definition":"Oldest; having lived for the longest time among a group.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eald","root_meaning":"old","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂eldʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eldest","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"oldest","meaning":"superlative of old","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"old","meaning":"aged","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eald","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["old","elder","older","olden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oldest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"premier","formality":"formal"},{"word":"firstborn","formality":"specific"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"fdc4e72c-52b8-4275-b133-7eaa1da2739f","word":"elect","definition":"To choose someone by voting.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"elegir","language_family":"latin","root":"ēligere","root_meaning":"to pick out, choose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ēligere","meaning":"To pick out, select, choose.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"elect","meaning":"To choose by vote.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"elegir","meaning":"To elect, choose.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["election","electorate","elective"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"select","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vote for","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"47b4a6c0-d4a1-4969-8eb9-0ce92cc3f4c4","word":"election","definition":"A formal process of selecting a person or group to hold public office by voting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elección","language_family":"latin","root":"eligere","root_meaning":"to choose, pick out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"election","meaning":"selection by voting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"election","meaning":"choice, selection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"electio","meaning":"choice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elect","elected","electoral","elector","elective"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ballot","formality":"formal"},{"word":"selection","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"b0bcc475-31a7-4809-9147-bab7f841fa86","word":"electoral","definition":"Pertaining to elections or electors.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"electoral","language_family":"latin","root":"elector","root_meaning":"chosen, chooser","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"electoral","meaning":"pertaining to elections","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"électoral","meaning":"relating to electors","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elector","meaning":"chooser","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eligere","meaning":"to choose out, select","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["election","elector","eligible","select","legal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constituency","formality":"technical"},{"word":"voting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"e5708681-3b1b-4034-949a-e309345d7bab","word":"electric","definition":"Relating to or operated by electricity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"eléctrico","language_family":"greek","root":"ēlektron","root_meaning":"amber","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~600 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 BC","word":"ḗlektron (ἤλεκτρον)","meaning":"Amber. Static electricity was first observed by rubbing amber.","children":[{"era":"1640s","word":"electric","meaning":"Relating to electricity.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"eléctrico","meaning":"Electric.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["electricity","electron","electrode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"electrical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"electrifying","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2ff86d3f-840e-4bd7-a4f6-ae7d5558e012","word":"electrical","definition":"Relating to or powered by electricity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"eléctrico","language_family":"greek","root":"elektron","root_meaning":"amber (the substance)","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"electrical","meaning":"relating to electricity","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"electrical","meaning":"of or relating to electricity","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"electric","meaning":"pertaining to electricity","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"electricus","meaning":"relating to amber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elektron","meaning":"amber","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["electric","electricity","electrode","electron","electrify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"electric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"electrified","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"fa26505f-0c97-45dd-aeea-3b7ca96ee423","word":"electrician","definition":"An electrician is a person who installs, maintains, or repairs electrical systems and equipment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"electricista","language_family":"greek","root":"ēlektron","root_meaning":"amber","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1869","word":"electrician","meaning":"a person who installs, maintains, or repairs electrical systems and equipment","children":[{"era":"1640s","word":"electric","meaning":"relating to electricity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἤλεκτρον","meaning":"amber","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ian","meaning":"suffix meaning 'pertaining to' or 'specialist'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-ianus","meaning":"adjectival and agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["electric","electrical","electricity","electrify","electron"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wireman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"electrical technician","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lineman","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"66765d2c-b9b4-4a38-b432-196a7ab937f5","word":"electricity","definition":"A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"electricidad","language_family":"greek","root":"elektron","root_meaning":"amber","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"electricity","meaning":"A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"electricitas","meaning":"electricity","children":[{"era":"17th century (coined)","word":"electricus","meaning":"amber-like, producing amber-like effects","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"elektron","meaning":"amber","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["electric","electron","amber","charge","electrocute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"current","formality":"technical"},{"word":"energy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"170498f7-8aa0-4db8-b082-39d2e05ca172","word":"electromagnetic","definition":"Relating to both electricity and magnetism, especially their combined interaction.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"electromagnético","language_family":"greek","root":"ἤλεκτρον (ēlektron)","root_meaning":"amber; the source of the word for electricity","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"electromagnetic","meaning":"relating to both electricity and magnetism","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"electro- + magnetic","meaning":"combining electricity and magnetism","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"electro-","meaning":"amber; by extension electricity","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"magnetic","meaning":"relating to magnetism","children":[],"language":"Greek via Latin"}],"language":"Modern scientific English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["electromagnet","electromagnetism","electrostatic","magnetic","magnetism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnetoelectric","formality":"technical"},{"word":"electrodynamic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"electrical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"033994fb-3e65-431a-ab86-3c7f22386b4e","word":"electron","definition":"A stable subatomic particle with a negative electric charge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"electrón","language_family":"greek","root":"ēlektron","root_meaning":"amber","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient Greek","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"electron","meaning":"subatomic particle","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"electric","meaning":"pertaining to electricity","children":[{"era":"ancient Greek","word":"ēlektron","meaning":"amber","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["electric","electricity","electronic","electrolysis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"particle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"charge","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ion","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"ed1f826a-195a-453e-a106-b94b4df96b3e","word":"electronic","definition":"Relating to or operated by the flow of electrons through a circuit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"electrónico","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek elektron","root_meaning":"amber, electron","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"electronic","meaning":"relating to electron flow","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"electron","meaning":"elementary particle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elektron","meaning":"amber","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["electron","electronics","electronically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"digital","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"automated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"electric","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"101a89fc-52bd-486f-9bba-3e421c0ed097","word":"electronics","definition":"Technology dealing with the flow of electrons through various devices and systems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"electrónica","language_family":"greek","root":"elektron","root_meaning":"amber, electron","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"electronics","meaning":"technology of electron flow","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"electronic","meaning":"relating to electrons","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"electron","meaning":"negatively charged particle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elektron","meaning":"amber","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["electron","electronic","electro","electricity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"electronic devices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circuitry","formality":"technical"},{"word":"electrical systems","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"c43b1432-1eb5-4f31-bcbd-8ddbb873d12b","word":"elegance","definition":"Elegance is refined grace, tasteful simplicity, or polished style.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elegancia","language_family":"latin","root":"eligere","root_meaning":"to pick out, choose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elegance","meaning":"refined grace or tasteful style","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elegantia","meaning":"taste, propriety, refinement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elegans","meaning":"choice, tasteful, refined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eligere","meaning":"to pick out, choose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e- + legere","meaning":"out + gather, choose","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to gather, collect, choose","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elegant","elegantly","elegancy","inelegance","inelegant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refinement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"polish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"dbdc1dc8-09c3-43a5-8f0f-f00297a65d95","word":"elegant","definition":"pleasingly graceful and stylish in appearance or manner.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"elegante","language_family":"latin","root":"eligere","root_meaning":"to choose, select","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elegant","meaning":"pleasingly graceful","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"élégant","meaning":"elegant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēlegans","meaning":"tasteful, fine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēligere","meaning":"to pick out, choose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elect","legible","diligence","lecture","negligent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"graceful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stylish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"02115492-ce1c-49ee-82f1-568a5cc536f5","word":"element","definition":"A fundamental part or constituent of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elemento","language_family":"latin","root":"elementum","root_meaning":"first principle, rudiment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"element","meaning":"fundamental part or constituent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elementum","meaning":"first principle, rudiment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elementary","elementer","elemental","elementally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"component","formality":"formal"},{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constituent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"factor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"2186c027-4634-4fa5-8de3-6b8c4c39e526","word":"elementary","definition":"Of, relating to, or dealing with the simplest or most fundamental aspects of a subject.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"elemental","language_family":"latin","root":"elementum","root_meaning":"first principle, rudiment, component","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elementary","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"elementary","meaning":"of the elements","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"élémentaire","meaning":"elemental","children":[{"era":"5th C","word":"elementarius","meaning":"of the elements","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elementum","meaning":"first principle, rudiment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["element","fundamental","rudimentary","elemental","elementals"],"synonyms":[{"word":"basic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fundamental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"simple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rudimentary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"fb20b44f-9c07-4086-aec9-92510e150296","word":"elements","definition":"The basic or essential parts of something; in chemistry, substances that cannot be broken down into simpler materials.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elementos","language_family":"latin","root":"elementum","root_meaning":"a first principle, a rudiment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elements","meaning":"basic parts or pure substances","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"element","meaning":"a basic part or principle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elementum","meaning":"a first principle, rudiment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["element","elemental","elementary","elementals"],"synonyms":[{"word":"components","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constituents","formality":"formal"},{"word":"parts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essentials","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"82f8d372-5cbf-47bc-8df6-2af7148a2bcd","word":"elephant","definition":"A very large plant-eating mammal with a prehensile trunk, long curved tusks, and large ears, native to Africa and Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elefante","language_family":"greek","root":"elephas","root_meaning":"elephant","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elephant","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"elefant","meaning":"elephant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elephantus","meaning":"elephant","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ἐλέφας (elephas)","meaning":"elephant, ivory","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ivory","elephantiac","elephantine","pachyderm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pachyderm","formality":"technical"},{"word":"jumbo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"28c5ab36-ec3d-4539-a5b0-c3b4c0f2a0e2","word":"elevate","definition":"To raise something or someone to a higher position, rank, or level.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"elevar","language_family":"latin","root":"levis","root_meaning":"light","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elevate","meaning":"to raise something or someone to a higher position, rank, or level","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"elevaten","meaning":"to raise, lift, or exalt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēlevātus","meaning":"raised, lifted up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēlevō","meaning":"to raise, lift up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + levō","meaning":"out + make light / lift","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"levis","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elevation","elevated","elevating","elevator","elevatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"raise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promote","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"b6d959df-9872-42ad-b5f9-f7de3eb64970","word":"elevation","definition":"The action or state of raising or being raised to a higher place or position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elevación","language_family":"latin","root":"elevare","root_meaning":"to lift up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elevation","meaning":"act of lifting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"élévation","meaning":"lifting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elevatio","meaning":"a lifting up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elevare","meaning":"to lift up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"levare","meaning":"to lift","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["elevate","elevator","lever","relief","alleviate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"height","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"altitude","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lifting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"a7db92a8-833c-4f11-814a-a2e9bce78eb1","word":"elevator","definition":"A machine for moving people or goods up and down between floors.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elevador","language_family":"latin","root":"elevare","root_meaning":"to lift up, raise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elevator","meaning":"A machine for moving people or goods up and down between floors.","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"elevator","meaning":"That which raises or lifts up.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"elevate","meaning":"to lift up, raise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"levare","meaning":"to lighten, lift","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elevate","elevation","lever","levity","levitate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dumbwaiter","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"eb734c37-89fe-42cf-9ac3-2692fe6d298d","word":"elf","definition":"A supernatural creature of folk tales, typically a small, mischievous figure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ælf","root_meaning":"elf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elf","meaning":"supernatural creature","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ælf","meaning":"elf","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*albiz","meaning":"elf","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elfin","elfland","gnome","fairy","sprite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fairy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pixie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprite","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"6cf3db1a-9b0f-4103-b6a6-e590324c5dd3","word":"eligibility","definition":"The state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"elegibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"eligere","root_meaning":"to choose, pick out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eligibility","meaning":"state of being eligible","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"éligibilité","meaning":"eligibility","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"eligibilis","meaning":"that may be chosen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eligere","meaning":"to choose out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eligible","elect","selection","lecture","legend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"qualification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suitability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entitlement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"5533ca9b-d33f-492e-b7c9-9124775a6f9a","word":"eligible","definition":"Meeting the necessary conditions to be chosen or qualified for something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"elegible","language_family":"latin","root":"eligibilis","root_meaning":"able to be chosen or picked out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eligible","meaning":"qualified, able to be chosen","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"eligible","meaning":"able to be chosen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eligibilis","meaning":"able to be picked out or chosen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eligere","meaning":"to pick out, choose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eligibility","ineligible","election","elect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"qualified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eligible","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"38e7bc43-4f07-4674-b243-065435335176","word":"eliminate","definition":"Completely remove or get rid of (something).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"eliminar","language_family":"latin","root":"eliminare","root_meaning":"turn out of doors, banish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eliminate","meaning":"remove completely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eliminat-","meaning":"turned out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eliminare","meaning":"to turn out of doors","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"limen","meaning":"threshold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (past participle stem)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["liminal","subliminal","removal","expel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eradicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"get rid of","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"55abbba7-90a4-4ff7-b41f-a1fbe203d06a","word":"elimination","definition":"The complete removal or destruction of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eliminación","language_family":"latin","root":"eliminare","root_meaning":"to turn out of doors, banish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elimination","meaning":"The act of removing or excluding","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"élimination","meaning":"elimination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eliminatus","meaning":"past participle of eliminare 'to turn out of doors'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"limen","meaning":"threshold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eliminate","limit","preliminary","sublime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"removal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eradication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expulsion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"682fcc37-e1c7-40f4-9660-c0397c434d80","word":"elise","definition":"A feminine given name, a diminutive of Elisabeth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Elisa","language_family":"greek","root":"Elisabet","root_meaning":"My God is an oath","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":"’Eliševa’","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Elise","meaning":"feminine given name","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Élise","meaning":"feminine given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Elisabeth","meaning":"feminine given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Elisabet","meaning":"feminine given name","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"’Eliševa’","meaning":"My God is an oath","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Elisabeth","Elizabeth","Eliza","Lisa"],"synonyms":[{"word":"name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appellation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"designation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"361f1ae8-3c11-4cd4-895e-8078187f2b06","word":"elite","definition":"A select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"élite","language_family":"french","root":"eslite","root_meaning":"chosen","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elite","meaning":"A select group","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"élite","meaning":"choice, chosen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"eslite","meaning":"chosen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eligere","meaning":"to choose out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elect","selection","legible","elegant","electorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aristocracy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nobility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gentry","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"ac2b92d6-7ce7-4621-9a90-4cda2316d7c2","word":"elizabeth","definition":"A female given name of Hebrew origin meaning 'God's oath' or 'devoted to God'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Isabel","language_family":"other","root":"Elisheba","root_meaning":"God is my oath","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Elizabeth","meaning":"female given name meaning God's oath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Elisheba","meaning":"God (El) is my oath (sheba)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Elisabet","meaning":"God's oath","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Liz","Lizzy","Eliza","Elisabet","Elisabeth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Liz","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Betty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Eliza","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"79fe4c4e-c2ae-4865-8410-48ea46c126b4","word":"elk","definition":"A large deer of North America (Cervus canadensis) or Eurasia (Alces alces), the latter also called moose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eolh","root_meaning":"elk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂élḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elk","meaning":"large cervid mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 / 1200s","word":"eolh / elch","meaning":"elk","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*elhaz","meaning":"elk","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*h₂élḱ-","meaning":"elk, deer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English / Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alces","wapiti","moose","stag"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wapiti","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stag","formality":"literary"},{"word":"hart","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"8c2a808d-8817-42bd-b6cb-bc85d4893a93","word":"elmo","definition":"Elmo is a rare English noun for a helmet or helm, borrowed through Italian from a Germanic word for a helmet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"yelmo","language_family":"germanic","root":"*helmaz","root_meaning":"helmet","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elmo","meaning":"a helmet or helm","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"elmo","meaning":"helmet","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*helmaz","meaning":"helmet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["helmet","helm","yelmo","Helmut","headpiece"],"synonyms":[{"word":"helmet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helm","formality":"literary"},{"word":"headpiece","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"6470bbda-0277-4a4e-8812-c94c8f3f2867","word":"elope","definition":"To run away secretly, especially to marry without family approval.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ontlopen","root_meaning":"run away","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elope","meaning":"to run away secretly, especially to marry without family approval","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle Dutch ontlopen","meaning":"run away","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ont-","meaning":"away from","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"},{"era":"1200s","word":"lopen","meaning":"run","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eloped","eloping","elopement","leap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"run away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abscond","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"b1cd27e4-271d-4daf-91e1-51a62011b746","word":"else","definition":"In addition to or instead of something previously mentioned.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"elles","root_meaning":"other, different, else","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"else","meaning":"otherwise, in addition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"else","meaning":"otherwise, else","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"elles","meaning":"other, different, else","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["otherwise","other","another","else"],"synonyms":[{"word":"otherwise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"or","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instead","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"5efad41c-e85b-49e1-ba41-bc2b36e89bca","word":"elsewhere","definition":"In or to some other place.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"elleshwer","root_meaning":"in another place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*alyos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elsewhere","meaning":"In or to some other place.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"elleshwer","meaning":"in another place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"elles","meaning":"else, otherwise","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwer","meaning":"where","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["else","where","somewhere","anywhere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elsewhere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abroad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yonder","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"57e9a2a4-5ef6-4943-ba46-c5f21dfd220a","word":"elusive","definition":"Elusive describes something or someone that is difficult to catch, find, remember, or understand.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"elusivo","language_family":"latin","root":"eludere","root_meaning":"to evade, escape, mock","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"elusive","meaning":"difficult to catch, find, or understand","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"elude","meaning":"to evade or escape from","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin eludere","meaning":"to evade, mock, or play with","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e/ex-","meaning":"out, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ludere","meaning":"to play, mock","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"medieval","word":"-ive","meaning":"adjectival suffix forming qualities or tendencies","children":[],"language":"Latin/French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elude","eluded","eluding","elusion","elusively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evasive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hard-to-find","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hard-to-pin-down","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"1281e8c8-af5b-4021-a221-5cb3ffabe399","word":"email","definition":"Electronic mail; messages distributed by electronic systems across computer networks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"email","language_family":"other","root":"electronic + mail","root_meaning":"electronic + postal messages","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1970s","word":"email","meaning":"electronic mail","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"electronic mail","meaning":"mail transmitted electronically","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"electronic","meaning":"relating to electrons","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emailing","emailed","emailer","e-mail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"electronic mail","formality":"formal"},{"word":"message","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correspondence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"3da1d203-539f-4b91-ab72-0e1076a528c4","word":"embassy","definition":"The official residence or offices of an ambassador.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"embajada","language_family":"french","root":"ambacte","root_meaning":"vassal","root_language":"Gaulish","root_era":"pre-500 CE","proto_root":"*ambhi-ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"embassy","meaning":"The official residence or offices of an ambassador.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"ambaissie","meaning":"mission, service","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"ambaxiare","meaning":"to send on a mission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ambactus","meaning":"vassal, retainer","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"ambacte","meaning":"vassal, servant","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*ambhi-ag-","meaning":"to drive around","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Gaulish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ambassador","message","envoy","legation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consulate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mission","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"110389c4-74ef-43cf-9991-99d50e74db21","word":"embed","definition":"To fix an object firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bed","root_meaning":"sleeping place, cultivated patch of ground","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*badjan","etymology_tree":{"era":"17th C","word":"embed","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"em-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Old French (prefix)"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bed","meaning":"sleeping place, plot of ground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bedd","meaning":"sleeping place","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*badjan","meaning":"digging, plot, bed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bed","bedding","embedded","tomb","enclose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"implant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solder","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"d73ba890-d29c-4038-81e7-82d78ce5b7f1","word":"embrace","definition":"To hold someone closely in one's arms.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"abrazar","language_family":"french","root":"embracer","root_meaning":"to clasp in the arms","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"in+bracchium","meaning":"In the arms, from bracchium (arm).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"embracer","meaning":"To clasp in the arms, hug.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"embrace","meaning":"To hug, accept willingly.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"abrazar","meaning":"To embrace, hug.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["embracing","embraceable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"enfold","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"6a7c2c78-9d82-4608-934e-6614c84886c2","word":"emerald","definition":"A precious gemstone of a rich green color, a variety of beryl.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esmeralda","language_family":"greek","root":"smaragdos","root_meaning":"green gem","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emerald","meaning":"green gemstone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"esmeralde","meaning":"emerald","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"smaragdus","meaning":"emerald","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"smaragdos","meaning":"green gem","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beryl","gem","jewel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gemstone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jewel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"green","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"e0ca3627-5ab3-4888-93eb-8c8ed58a56dd","word":"emerge","definition":"To move out of or away from something and become visible.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"emerger","language_family":"french","root":"emerger","root_meaning":"to rise out of","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ēmergere","meaning":"To rise out of, from e + mergere (to dip).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"emerger","meaning":"To rise out, come forth.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"emerge","meaning":"To come into view, arise.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"emerger","meaning":"To emerge.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["emergence","emergent","emergency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surface","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"1a76002b-e6a6-4ae6-96b0-6a8c2f16695f","word":"emergency","definition":"An unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state that calls for immediate action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emergencia","language_family":"latin","root":"emergere","root_meaning":"to rise out, emerge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smerǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emergency","meaning":"urgent unforeseen situation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"emergency","meaning":"sudden occurrence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"emergent","meaning":"rising out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emergere","meaning":"to rise out, appear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emerge","emergent","emergence","emergency room"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crisis","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"urgency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exigency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contingency","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"a081ce38-7dc0-47f7-914b-bfe735295f79","word":"eminence","definition":"The quality of being famous and respected within a particular sphere, or a title of honor for a cardinal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eminencia","language_family":"latin","root":"eminentia","root_meaning":"standing out, prominence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*e- + *men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eminence","meaning":"fame, respect, cardinal's title","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"eminence","meaning":"prominence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eminentia","meaning":"standing out, prominence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eminere","meaning":"stand out, project","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eminent","preeminent","prominent","imminent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distinction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prominence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reputation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"8facef5c-a369-4561-928c-06796b8684e9","word":"emission","definition":"The production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emisión","language_family":"latin","root":"emittere","root_meaning":"to send out, send forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emission","meaning":"discharge of matter","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"émissions","meaning":"an issuing forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emissionem","meaning":"a sending out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emittere","meaning":"to send out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emit","missile","remit","submit","transmit","omission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discharge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"efflux","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"3710c943-ceaa-451d-a22f-dbdf76a2c26f","word":"emotion","definition":"A strong feeling deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emoción","language_family":"latin","root":"emovere","root_meaning":"to move out, move away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emotion","meaning":"A strong feeling","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"émotion","meaning":"a 'moving, stirring, agitation'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emovere","meaning":"to move out, move away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["move","motor","commotion","promote","demote","remote"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sentiment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"passion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"9d0103e2-e5e4-4db9-854f-9b37b66c1f9f","word":"emotional","definition":"Relating to or arising from one's emotions; easily affected by or showing emotion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"emocional","language_family":"latin","root":"emovere","root_meaning":"to move out, stir up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emotional","meaning":"relating to feelings or emotions","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"emotion + -al","meaning":"of or pertaining to emotion","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"emotion","meaning":"strong feeling","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"émotion","meaning":"agitation, disturbance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emovere","meaning":"to move out, stir up","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*meue-","meaning":"to push away","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emotion","emotionally","emotionless","emote","unemotional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sentimental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impassioned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heartfelt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affecting","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"42d7198f-1f0a-437d-bb67-ae5bd3be5f7e","word":"empathy","definition":"The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"empatía","language_family":"greek","root":"empatheia","root_meaning":"passion, state of emotion","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"empátheia (ἐμπάθεια)","meaning":"Passion, state of strong feeling. From en- (in) + pathos (feeling).","children":[{"era":"1909","word":"empathy","meaning":"Understanding another's feelings.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"empatía","meaning":"Empathy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["empathetic","empathize","sympathy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compassion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensitivity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"4f89b855-484e-462b-bfb1-9298538c628c","word":"emperor","definition":"A sovereign ruler of great power and rank, especially one ruling an empire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emperador","language_family":"latin","root":"imperator","root_meaning":"commander, emperor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emperor","meaning":"sovereign ruler","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"empereor","meaning":"emperor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperator","meaning":"commander","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["empire","imperial","imperative","imperious","command"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monarch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"c0c99361-b0e8-4561-a62c-adef1ac97759","word":"emphasis","definition":"Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"énfasis","language_family":"greek","root":"emphainein","root_meaning":"to display, exhibit","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emphasis","meaning":"Special importance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emphasiz","meaning":"appearance, show","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emphasis","meaning":"appearance, display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emphainein","meaning":"to display, exhibit","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emphasize","emphatic","emphatically","phenomenon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"importance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prominence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"3abf078a-e71a-46ee-8553-bcc442b375c3","word":"empire","definition":"An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"imperio","language_family":"latin","root":"imperium","root_meaning":"command, authority, rule","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"empire","meaning":"a large group of states under one rule","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"empire","meaning":"empire, reign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperium","meaning":"command, authority, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emperor","imperial","imperious","realm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"realm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dominion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kingdom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"075d2630-373c-438e-8509-f456f4cffa81","word":"empirical","definition":"Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"empírico","language_family":"greek","root":"empeiria","root_meaning":"experience","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"empirical","meaning":"Based on observation or experience","children":[{"era":"300s-700s","word":"empiricus","meaning":"experienced, empirical","children":[{"era":"800s BCE-600 CE","word":"empeirikos","meaning":"experienced","children":[{"era":"800s BCE-600 CE","word":"empeiria","meaning":"experience","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["empiricism","empiricist","experiment","pirate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"experimental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"experiential","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"0fba52bf-a4dd-435e-9f36-0aebaec84157","word":"employ","definition":"To give work to someone in return for payment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"emplear","language_family":"french","root":"emploier","root_meaning":"to make use of, engage","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"implicāre","meaning":"To enfold, involve, engage.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"emploier","meaning":"To make use of, engage, apply.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"employ","meaning":"To hire, make use of.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"emplear","meaning":"To employ, use.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["employee","employer","employment","unemployed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"4012fd0c-5343-479c-be2c-c99e3152531d","word":"employee","definition":"A person hired to work for an employer in exchange for compensation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"empleado","language_family":"french","root":"emploi","root_meaning":"employment or use","root_language":"French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"employee","meaning":"a hired worker","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"employee","meaning":"one who is employed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"employ","meaning":"to make use of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implicare","meaning":"to involve or engage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["employ","employer","employment","employee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staff member","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"0670a754-30e6-496b-bea4-9e2569cba8e2","word":"employees","definition":"Plural of employee; persons hired to work for a person or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"empleados","language_family":"french","root":"French employé","root_meaning":"used, employed","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*pleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"employees","meaning":"hired workers","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"employee","meaning":"one employed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"employer","meaning":"to use, employ","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*pleg-","meaning":"to weave, join","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["employ","employer","employment","employed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"workers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"personnel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"ab633b95-565a-48b0-9081-55bb807c1d1d","word":"employer","definition":"A person or organization that employs people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"empleador","language_family":"french","root":"employer","root_meaning":"to use, to employ","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"employer","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"employ","meaning":"to use, to engage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"employer","meaning":"to use, to employ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implicare","meaning":"to involve, to entangle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["employ","employment","employee","implicate","apply"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"1b84b614-042f-44fc-9248-361ac9db575a","word":"employment","definition":"The state of having a paid job or the act of employing someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"empleo","language_family":"french","root":"employer","root_meaning":"to employ, engage","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"employment","meaning":"paid work or the act of employing","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"employ","meaning":"to use, engage","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"employer","meaning":"to engage, employ","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["employ","employee","employer","employed","employing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"job","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occupation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"97926213-e206-4258-92f9-d27bf188b68f","word":"empress","definition":"A female sovereign or monarch of an empire; the wife of an emperor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emperatriz","language_family":"french","root":"empereriz","root_meaning":"empress","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"empress","meaning":"female ruler of an empire","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"empereriz","meaning":"empress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperatrix","meaning":"female commander, ruler","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperātor","meaning":"commander","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emperor","empire","imperial","imperative","imperious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"queen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monarch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"2304b296-04e0-46e2-88f9-4aa85076dd58","word":"emptiness","definition":"The state or quality of being empty, vacant, or devoid of content.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ǣmettig","root_meaning":"unoccupied, free, idle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"emptiness","meaning":"the state or quality of being empty","children":[{"era":"current","word":"empty","meaning":"not containing anything; vacant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣmettig","meaning":"unoccupied, free, idle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"noun-forming suffix expressing state or quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["empty","emptier","empties","emptied","emptily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"void","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vacancy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hollowness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"72149b2c-b995-41ed-b166-015be954d505","word":"empty","definition":"Containing nothing; not filled or occupied.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"aemtig","root_meaning":"unoccupied or vacant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"empty","meaning":"containing nothing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"empty","meaning":"vacant or unoccupied","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"aemtig","meaning":"unoccupied","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emptiness","emptied","empty-handed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vacant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hollow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"d1ee6a93-7d6b-4c59-a3ac-6fe678678288","word":"enable","definition":"To make something possible or capable of being done.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"habilitar","language_family":"french","root":"nable","root_meaning":"able, capable","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enable","meaning":"to make able","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"enablen","meaning":"to make able","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"en- + able","meaning":"to cause to be + able","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["able","ability","disable","enabled","enabling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"permit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"empower","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"ed1cc560-dc6b-419f-b125-daf7afb54288","word":"enclose","definition":"To surround or close off on all sides.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"encerrar","language_family":"latin","root":"inclaudere","root_meaning":"to shut in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleh₂u-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enclose","meaning":"to surround","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enclore","meaning":"to enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inclaudere","meaning":"to shut in (in- 'in' + claudere 'to shut')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["close","include","exclude","closure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surround","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encircle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"40f4bafb-5586-4677-8499-d215d9746d3b","word":"enclosure","definition":"An area that is fenced off or surrounded, or the act of enclosing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clausura","language_family":"latin","root":"claudere","root_meaning":"to close","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*klau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enclosure","meaning":"An area fenced off or surrounded.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"encloser","meaning":"that which encloses","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enclore","meaning":"to enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to close","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enclose","enclosed","closure","exclude","include","clausure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paddock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boundary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"3b5879be-4896-4ac7-9fab-a241d5c63ea4","word":"encode","definition":"To convert information or data into a particular form, especially for security or efficient storage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"code","root_meaning":"system of laws, set of rules","root_language":"Old French/Latin","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"encode","meaning":"to convert information into a code","children":[{"era":"14th Century","word":"en-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"English/French"},{"era":"14th Century","word":"code","meaning":"a system of laws","children":[{"era":"13th Century","word":"code","meaning":"code, system of laws","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"codex","meaning":"trunk of a tree, book, code of laws","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["code","decode","coder","encoder","codify","encipher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encrypt","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cipher","formality":"technical"},{"word":"transcribe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"49e2db01-14d8-423c-a025-39da158844fc","word":"encore","definition":"A demand for or repetition of an additional performance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"encore","root_meaning":"still, again","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"encore","meaning":"additional performance or request for one","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"encore","meaning":"still, again","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["encored","encoring","encores","encore performance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reprise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repeat performance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encore performance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"733e6136-aab2-4968-8d2e-22a54c3e6d4e","word":"encounter","definition":"To meet someone or something unexpectedly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"encontrar","language_family":"french","root":"contra","root_meaning":"against","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"encounter","meaning":"to meet unexpectedly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"encontrer","meaning":"to meet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"contra","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contra","contrary","control","counter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confront","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"face","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"b5a8adf7-0060-45d4-9779-b86412c046e4","word":"encourage","definition":"To give support, confidence, or hope to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"animar","language_family":"french","root":"encoragier","root_meaning":"to make strong, hearten","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"cor","meaning":"Heart; in + cor = to put heart into.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"encoragier","meaning":"To make strong, hearten, embolden.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"encourage","meaning":"To inspire with courage.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"animar","meaning":"To encourage, enliven.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["encouragement","encouraging","discourage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inspire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embolden","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"265d94e8-6120-4bbf-a4af-048d854fb303","word":"encouragement","definition":"Something that gives confidence, support, or hope.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"cor","root_meaning":"heart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ḱḗr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"encouragement","meaning":"support or confidence given to someone","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"encourage","meaning":"to give courage or confidence to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"encoragier","meaning":"to hearten, animate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en- + corage","meaning":"in + heart, spirit","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["encourage","courage","discourage","encouraging","encouraged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inspiration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heartening","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"1bfb91e6-7605-4b0f-b19c-cd6ebb744f94","word":"encrypt","definition":"To encode information so that only authorized readers can recover it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"encriptar","language_family":"greek","root":"κρυπτός","root_meaning":"hidden; concealed; secret","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"encrypt","meaning":"to encode information so that only authorized readers can recover it","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"en- + -crypt","meaning":"formation with the prefix en- and the Greek root crypt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"κρυπτός","meaning":"hidden; concealed; secret","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["encryption","encrypted","encrypting","encrypter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encode","formality":"technical"},{"word":"encipher","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cipher","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"28b207c9-e213-4274-b333-f10b1992a37d","word":"encryption","definition":"The process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"encriptación","language_family":"greek","root":"kryptos","root_meaning":"hidden, secret","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"encryption","meaning":"process of encoding data","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"encrypt","meaning":"to put into code","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"en-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin (via French)"},{"era":"classical","word":"kryptos (κρυπτός)","meaning":"hidden","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English (verb)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crypt","cryptic","apocrypha","cryptography","decrypt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coding","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scrambling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ciphering","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"6efa1f78-7881-43ed-a6b3-da09223a6c4f","word":"encyclopedia","definition":"A comprehensive reference work containing information on all branches of knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enciclopedia","language_family":"greek","root":"enkyklios paideia","root_meaning":"circular education, complete education","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"enkýklios paideía (ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία)","meaning":"Circular education, well-rounded instruction. From en- (in) + kyklos (circle) + paideia (education).","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"encyclopedia","meaning":"A comprehensive reference work.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"enciclopedia","meaning":"Encyclopedia.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["encyclopedic","cycle","pedagogy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reference book","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compendium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"cb5f7d62-4563-4eff-a729-6cafaf9c4496","word":"end","definition":"The final part or conclusion of something; to bring to a close","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ende","root_meaning":"end, boundary","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*andja-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"end","meaning":"conclusion, terminus","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ende","meaning":"end, boundary, district","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*andja-","meaning":"end, boundary","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ending","endless","endgame","weekend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terminus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conclusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"63d4726a-4b4e-49ab-ae92-589e70fa7398","word":"endanger","definition":"To put someone or something at risk or in danger.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"dangier","root_meaning":"power, control, risk","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"endanger","meaning":"To put at risk.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"endangier","meaning":"to put in one's power, to put at risk","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"dangier","meaning":"power, control, risk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dominium","meaning":"mastery, ownership","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["danger","dangerous","imperil","peril"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jeopardize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threaten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imperil","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"72ddd7c1-6d1f-4be3-8086-34d26e63ad62","word":"ended","definition":"Came to a finish or conclusion; terminated or stopped.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"end","root_meaning":"final part, termination, or boundary","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ant-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ended","meaning":"brought to completion or conclusion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"end","meaning":"final part, terminus, or conclusion","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"ant-","meaning":"front, face, or boundary","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["end","ending","endless","endless","terminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concluded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"finished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terminated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ceased","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"20c0c88a-b484-48f0-a125-6969399975d2","word":"ending","definition":"The final part or conclusion of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"end","root_meaning":"final point, extremity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ant-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ending","meaning":"conclusion, final part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"end","meaning":"extremity, final point","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ent","meaning":"end, limit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["end","endless","endmost","ending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conclusion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"finish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"closure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"6e5fad95-0d4d-4ea8-8dba-745944b345c3","word":"endless","definition":"Having no end or limit; continuing forever.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"endeleas","root_meaning":"without end","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"endless","meaning":"Having no end or limit; continuing forever.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"endless","meaning":"without end","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ende","meaning":"end","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-leas","meaning":"without, lacking","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["end","ending","endlessly","limitless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infinite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boundless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"b37d5541-d710-4cf2-9ba7-54c82c571246","word":"endorse","definition":"To declare one's public approval or support of; to sign a check or bill of exchange on the back.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"endosar","language_family":"french","root":"endosser","root_meaning":"to put on the back, to sign on the back of","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"endorse","meaning":"to approve, to sign","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"endosser","meaning":"to put on the back, to sign on the back of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en-","meaning":"on, in","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"dos","meaning":"back (of body)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dorsum","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dorsal","dossier","indorse","back"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"db146f80-3d2e-4998-8fab-ce05e1c90f2f","word":"ends","definition":"The final points or extremities of something; purposes or goals; concludes or terminates.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fines","language_family":"germanic","root":"endo","root_meaning":"to make final or complete","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ant-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ends","meaning":"terminations or purposes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"end","meaning":"final point","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ende","meaning":"final point","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["end","ending","endless","endmost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terminations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conclusions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"purposes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"8eda866b-f7d4-4c6a-86d2-ceb31e40ee51","word":"endurance","definition":"The ability to continue steadily despite pain, fatigue, or hardship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"endurar","language_family":"latin","root":"durus","root_meaning":"hard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"endurance","meaning":"the ability to continue despite difficulty or fatigue","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French endurance","meaning":"the act or quality of enduring","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"endurer","meaning":"to harden, bear, or withstand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indūrāre","meaning":"to harden or make hard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dūrus","meaning":"hard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["endure","enduring","durable","duration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stamina","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resilience","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hardiness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"0f49916b-c45a-4d5a-8cd1-17f9828560d5","word":"endure","definition":"To suffer patiently, to undergo hardship, or to continue in existence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"durar","language_family":"latin","root":"indurer","root_meaning":"to harden, to hold out","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"endure","meaning":"suffer patiently, last","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"endurer","meaning":"to harden, to hold out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indurare","meaning":"to harden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"durus","meaning":"hard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["durable","duration","endurance","duress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tolerate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"persevere","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"8f0ea65f-f6da-4703-9333-5b1752eba5a9","word":"energetic","definition":"Full of energy, force, or activity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"energético","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek enérgeia","root_meaning":"activity; operation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"energetic","meaning":"full of energy or activity","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"energy + -ic","meaning":"formed from energy plus the adjective suffix -ic","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"energy","meaning":"power; vigor; active force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"enérgeia","meaning":"activity; operation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ergon","meaning":"work","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["energy","energize","energetics","energetically","energized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vigorous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"active","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dynamic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lively","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"865753d8-55ee-48a5-a482-7d7d06285efb","word":"energy","definition":"The strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity; physics: the capacity to do work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"energía","language_family":"greek","root":"energeia","root_meaning":"activity, operation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"300s BCE","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*werg-","meaning":"To do, to work.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"energeia","meaning":"Activity, operation (Aristotle).","children":[{"era":"200s","word":"energia","meaning":"Force, vigor.","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"energy","meaning":"Force, vigor; capacity to do work.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"energía","meaning":"Energy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["energetic","synergy","energize","work"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vigor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vitality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"e8b169de-084c-41a9-b258-fd5ef78b1f7e","word":"enforce","definition":"To compel, require, or make sure that a rule, law, or agreement is obeyed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"forzar","language_family":"french","root":"enforcier","root_meaning":"to strengthen; compel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enforce","meaning":"to compel obedience or compliance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enforcier","meaning":"to strengthen; compel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"force","meaning":"strength, force, power","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["force","enforcement","enforcer","forceful","enforceable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"require","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"c4257b09-8043-4a36-b432-f88ad8946a9e","word":"engage","definition":"To occupy or attract someone's interest or attention.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"comprometer","language_family":"french","root":"engagier","root_meaning":"to pledge, bind","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 AD","word":"in+wadium","meaning":"To pledge, from wadium (pledge).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"engagier","meaning":"To pledge, pawn, bind.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"engage","meaning":"To occupy, pledge, involve.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"comprometer","meaning":"To engage, commit.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin/Frankish"},"related_words":["engagement","engaging","disengage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"involve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"captivate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"c76cb717-f44c-48a7-ae8d-50765cbe3b92","word":"engine","definition":"A machine with moving parts that converts power into motion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ingenio","language_family":"french","root":"engin","root_meaning":"skill, cleverness, war machine","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ingenium","meaning":"Innate quality, talent, cleverness.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"engin","meaning":"Skill, cleverness, war machine.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"engine","meaning":"A mechanical device.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ingenio","meaning":"Ingenuity, engine.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["engineer","engineering","ingenious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mechanism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"09e7c934-3994-41a1-9278-6f7a0a4fb886","word":"engineering","definition":"The practical application of scientific and mathematical principles to design and build structures and machines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ingeniería","language_family":"latin","root":"ingenium","root_meaning":"natural talent or ingenuity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"engineering","meaning":"application of science to design","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"engineer","meaning":"one who operates an engine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"engine","meaning":"ingenuity or device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ingenium","meaning":"talent or ingenuity","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["engineer","engine","ingenious","engineering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"technology","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"construction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.854Z"}
{"id":"64d9a341-c301-4dd3-a861-4e7700031fd1","word":"engines","definition":"Machines designed to convert energy into mechanical force and motion for performing work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ingenios","language_family":"latin","root":"ingenium","root_meaning":"natural talent, ingenuity, device","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"engines","meaning":"machines that convert energy into mechanical force","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"engine","meaning":"device, contrivance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ingenium","meaning":"natural talent, ingenuity, device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in + gignere","meaning":"in + to beget, generate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["engine","engineer","engineering","engineered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motors","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mechanisms","formality":"formal"},{"word":"devices","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"5cb1c63d-94ea-4777-827b-50f9ab20473d","word":"england","definition":"A country occupying the largest portion of the island of Great Britain, part of the United Kingdom.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Inglaterra","language_family":"germanic","root":"Angle","root_meaning":"a Germanic tribe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"england","meaning":"country in Great Britain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"England","meaning":"land of the Angles","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Angle","meaning":"one of the Germanic tribes","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"Angeln","meaning":"narrow territory","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land, territory","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["English","Angle","Anglo-Saxon","British"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the English nation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Albion","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"7dcd0a67-c422-4e54-a206-013c089f3de5","word":"english","definition":"The language spoken in England and many other countries, or relating to England.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Ænglisc","root_meaning":"of the Angles","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"English","meaning":"language of England; relating to England","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Ænglisc","meaning":"of the Angles","children":[{"era":"1st century CE","word":"Angle","meaning":"Germanic tribal group","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Angle","England","Anglo-Saxon","Anglicize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"British","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tongue","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"ef6714fa-d442-42e2-b79c-7b6cc36c60c2","word":"enhance","definition":"To intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"enhaucier","root_meaning":"to raise, lift","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enhance","meaning":"to intensify, improve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"enhaucier","meaning":"to raise, lift","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"en-","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"haucier","meaning":"to raise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hault","meaning":"high","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["haughty","exalt","height","high","heave","haul"],"synonyms":[{"word":"improve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amplify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"72292d19-a333-4d94-8dbd-b76fce4061cb","word":"enhancement","definition":"An increase or improvement in quality, value, or extent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"realce","language_family":"french","root":"enhaucier","root_meaning":"to raise, exalt","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*h₂enk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enhancement","meaning":"An increase or improvement.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"enhance","meaning":"to raise, to exalt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enhaucier","meaning":"to raise, exalt","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*altiare","meaning":"to raise","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enhance","enhanced","enhancing","enhancer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"improvement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upgrade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"augmentation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"d88066bc-48af-472e-8787-49b1384da7ba","word":"enigma","definition":"A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enigma","language_family":"greek","root":"ainigma","root_meaning":"a riddle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"aínigma (αἴνιγμα)","meaning":"A dark saying, a riddle. From ainissesthai (to speak in riddles).","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"enigma","meaning":"A mystery or puzzle.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"enigma","meaning":"Enigma, riddle.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["enigmatic","enigmatical","riddle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mystery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puzzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conundrum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2fe1ab77-23d8-4963-ac51-cb1b7a39916a","word":"enjoy","definition":"To take delight or pleasure in something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"disfrutar","language_family":"french","root":"enjoir","root_meaning":"to give joy, delight","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"gaudēre","meaning":"To rejoice, be glad.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"enjoir","meaning":"To give joy, take delight in.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"enjoy","meaning":"To take pleasure in.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"disfrutar","meaning":"To enjoy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["enjoyment","enjoyable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"savor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"cafbdf73-9303-435a-933c-953c24f0db52","word":"enlarge","definition":"To make or become larger in size or extent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"agrandar","language_family":"french","root":"large","root_meaning":"wide, broad","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enlarge","meaning":"to make larger","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"enlarge","meaning":"to make large","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"en- + large","meaning":"cause to + wide","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"large","meaning":"wide, broad","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enlargement","enlarged","enlarging","large"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"increase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amplify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"3a676bd9-9c7c-4ed7-8374-b1ba19960c57","word":"enlargement","definition":"The action or process of making something larger or the state of being made larger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"enlargier","root_meaning":"to make wide, set at large","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enlargement","meaning":"The action or process of making something larger.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"enlargement","meaning":"the act of enlarging","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enlargier","meaning":"to make large","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enlarge","large","largeness","largely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expansion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnification","formality":"technical"},{"word":"growth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"2e70a54f-17c3-4db5-bb10-1244f6d4aea2","word":"enlighten","definition":"To enlighten someone is to make them better informed or more aware.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz","root_meaning":"light, bright","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enlighten","meaning":"to make more aware or informed","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"en- + lighten","meaning":"prefix plus verb meaning 'to make light'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"inlihtan / onlihtan","meaning":"to illuminate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēoht","meaning":"light, bright","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","lighten","lightness","enlightenment","highlight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illuminate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instruct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"educate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"7a24cc2d-d5c7-4f00-b6ac-2530de837e9d","word":"enlist","definition":"To enlist is to sign up or enroll, especially for military service.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"liste","root_meaning":"list, roll, register","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enlist","meaning":"to sign up or enroll, especially for military service","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"liste","meaning":"list, roll, register","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enlistment","enlisted","enlisting","relist","list"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enroll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"a4aaa313-7b8d-48e5-9c76-4936e16e25e8","word":"enormous","definition":"Extremely large or great in size or degree.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"enorme","language_family":"latin","root":"enormis","root_meaning":"out of rule, immense","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enormous","meaning":"extremely large","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"enormis","meaning":"out of rule, immense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"norma","meaning":"rule, carpenter's square","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enormity","normal","norm","abnormal","normalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"massive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gigantic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"64e14dff-96f4-4ac0-83c3-730070e4ca46","word":"enough","definition":"As much or as many as required; to a satisfactory extent","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"genōg","root_meaning":"enough, sufficient","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ganōgaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"enough","meaning":"sufficient; to an adequate degree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"genōg","meaning":"enough, sufficient, plentiful","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ganōgaz","meaning":"sufficient, adequate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insufficient","suffice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sufficient","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adequate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plenty","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:18:43.534Z"}
{"id":"6c3fa196-0252-4c58-9d38-248e6b3dbab3","word":"enquiry","definition":"An act of asking for information or an investigation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inquirir","language_family":"latin","root":"inquirere","root_meaning":"to seek into, search for","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enquiry","meaning":"An act of asking for information","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enquerre","meaning":"to inquire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inquirere","meaning":"to seek into, search for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inquire","inquiry","inquisition","quest","question"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"query","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investigation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"probe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"957457d4-2e4f-4f5c-a5ac-ff391b1eb4fb","word":"enrol","definition":"To officially register someone as a member of an institution or a participant in an activity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"enrolar","language_family":"french","root":"en- + rôle","root_meaning":"in + roll, scroll","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"14th century","word":"enrol","meaning":"register on a list","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"enroller","meaning":"to put on a roll","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"en-","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"13th century","word":"rôle","meaning":"roll, scroll (of parchment)","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"rotulus","meaning":"small roll","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["roll","enrollment","list","register","rotary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"register","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matriculate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"22cde733-f892-4dd0-9fcb-70356b30f775","word":"enrollment","definition":"The action of officially registering as a member of an institution or a student on a course.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enrolamiento","language_family":"french","root":"enroller","root_meaning":"to roll in, register","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*rotā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enrollment","meaning":"The action of officially registering...","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"enrollement","meaning":"act of enrolling","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"enroller","meaning":"to roll in, register","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + rotulus","meaning":"in + small wheel/roll","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roll","scroll","enroll","control","rotary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"registration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matriculation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"ea56e050-3562-4f7c-9172-36133ebe70ef","word":"ensemble","definition":"A group of items viewed as a whole rather than individually.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"conjunto","language_family":"french","root":"insimul","root_meaning":"at the same time","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ensemble","meaning":"group as a whole","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"ensemble","meaning":"together, whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insimul","meaning":"at the same time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["similar","simultaneous","assemble","dissemble","assimilate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"e0fba547-9ec3-4c1d-b9f1-8b6976fa9988","word":"ensign","definition":"A flag, badge, or emblem of rank, and also the officer who carries such a flag.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"insignia","language_family":"latin","root":"insignia","root_meaning":"badge; mark; sign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ensign","meaning":"a flag, badge, or emblem of rank","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"enseigne","meaning":"mark, symbol, signal; flag or standard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insignia","meaning":"badge of office, mark, sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + signum","meaning":"in + sign or mark","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insignia","signal","sign","signet","standard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"banner","formality":"literary"},{"word":"standard","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"2cf49189-5008-4068-bd8a-318fdc59c4e6","word":"ensure","definition":"To make certain that something happens or is the case.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asegurar","language_family":"french","root":"ensuir","root_meaning":"to follow up, to make sure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ensure","meaning":"to make certain","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ensure","meaning":"to make sure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ensuir","meaning":"to follow up","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en- + suir","meaning":"in + to follow","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ensuring","ensured","assure","insure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guarantee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"secure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"2c43af7c-42aa-458b-b466-c2994625cf0c","word":"ent","definition":"A large, tree-like humanoid creature in J.R.R. Tolkien's fictional world of Middle-earth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ent","root_meaning":"giant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ent","meaning":"A large, tree-like humanoid creature","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"ent (revived)","meaning":"revived from Old English","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ent","meaning":"giant","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English (Tolkien)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["giant","monster","troll","ogre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"giant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossus","formality":"literary"},{"word":"titan","formality":"literary"},{"word":"behemoth","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"2b3d6dd6-a8ed-4dd3-8e2e-df016411bee9","word":"enter","definition":"To come or go into a place; to begin to be involved in","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"entrar","language_family":"latin","root":"intrare","root_meaning":"to enter, go into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*inter","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"enter","meaning":"to go into; to become involved","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"entrer","meaning":"to enter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intrare","meaning":"to go into, enter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["entered","entering","entrance","reenter","entry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"access","formality":"formal"},{"word":"go in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"step into","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:18:43.534Z"}
{"id":"268dd55b-02a5-4471-8d23-dcaa73a87923","word":"enterprise","definition":"A project or undertaking, especially a bold one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"empresa","language_family":"french","root":"entreprise","root_meaning":"an undertaking","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"inter+prehendere","meaning":"To take between, seize, undertake.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"entreprise","meaning":"An undertaking, venture.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"enterprise","meaning":"A bold undertaking, business.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"empresa","meaning":"Enterprise, company.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["enterprising","entrepreneur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"venture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undertaking","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"399dd224-aedc-4e12-b360-498c53358adc","word":"enterprises","definition":"business ventures or ambitious projects undertaken with energy and initiative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"empresas","language_family":"french","root":"entreprendre","root_meaning":"to undertake","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enterprises","meaning":"business ventures or projects","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"enterprise","meaning":"an undertaking","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"entreprendre","meaning":"to undertake","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"entre- + prendre","meaning":"between + to take","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enterprise","entrepreneur","enterprising"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ventures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undertakings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"businesses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"projects","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"5dfc527f-0f67-48f7-a073-7c4471147440","word":"entertainment","definition":"Activity or performance designed to amuse, engage, or provide enjoyment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entretenimiento","language_family":"french","root":"entretenir","root_meaning":"to hold together, maintain","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entertainment","meaning":"amusement or performance","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"entertain","meaning":"to engage, amuse","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"entretenir","meaning":"to maintain, hold together","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["entertain","entertaining","entertainer","entertained"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amusement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"performance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diversion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"81b50b74-4649-4b8c-a915-f604e42d6496","word":"enthusiasm","definition":"Intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entusiasmo","language_family":"greek","root":"enthousiasmos","root_meaning":"divine inspiration","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"enthousiasmós (ἐνθουσιασμός)","meaning":"Divine inspiration, possession by a god. From entheos (inspired, possessed). From en- (in) + theos (god).","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"enthusiasm","meaning":"Eager enjoyment or interest.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"entusiasmo","meaning":"Enthusiasm.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["enthusiast","enthusiastic","theology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zeal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excitement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"485b4d46-1fdd-427f-9c3d-6065b1ba8fd2","word":"enthusiastic","definition":"Showing or feeling intense eagerness, interest, or approval.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"entusiasta","language_family":"greek","root":"ἐνθουσιαστικός","root_meaning":"inspired; possessed by a god","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enthusiastic","meaning":"showing or feeling intense eagerness or approval","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"enthousiasme","meaning":"enthusiasm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"enthusiasmus","meaning":"enthusiasm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἐνθουσιασμός","meaning":"divine inspiration; possession by a god","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἐν","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"θεός","meaning":"god","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"οὐσία","meaning":"essence, being","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enthusiasm","enthusiast","enthuse","enthusiastically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zealous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"avid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"538a2145-3c73-46d5-a8aa-547ee9fa36c6","word":"entire","definition":"With no part left out; whole.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"entero","language_family":"french","root":"entier","root_meaning":"whole, complete","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"integrum","meaning":"Whole, complete, untouched.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"entier","meaning":"Whole, complete, intact.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"entire","meaning":"Whole, complete.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"entero","meaning":"Entire, whole.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["entirely","entirety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complete","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"40dca573-704f-4e2b-b564-9021a6e23d04","word":"entirely","definition":"To the full or complete extent; wholly and without exception.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"enteramente","language_family":"french","root":"entier","root_meaning":"whole, complete, intact","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*tag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entirely","meaning":"completely, wholly","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"entire + -ly","meaning":"in a complete manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"entire","meaning":"whole, complete","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"entier","meaning":"whole, untouched","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integrum","meaning":"whole, intact, untouched","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English / Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["entire","entirety","integral","integrate","integer","integrity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wholly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"completely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utterly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"totally","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"efe88983-799d-4441-996b-d26623d646f5","word":"entitle","definition":"To give someone a legal right or a just claim to receive or do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"intitular","language_family":"latin","root":"titulus","root_meaning":"to put a title on, to give a right","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entitle","meaning":"to give a right or title","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"entitle","meaning":"to put a title on, to name","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"en- + titre","meaning":"in + title","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"titulus","meaning":"title, inscription, honor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["title","titular","caption","heading"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authorize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"qualify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"permit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"b251cb18-98c3-4bf4-931d-0a4a4ff0c2ab","word":"entity","definition":"Something that exists as a discrete unit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entidad","language_family":"latin","root":"entitas","root_meaning":"being, existence","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*h₁es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entity","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"entitas","meaning":"being, existence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ens","meaning":"being, existing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"esse","meaning":"to be","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["essence","present","absent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"being","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"object","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"e6f4e800-3c13-42dc-b795-3a7f3598fa6b","word":"entrance","definition":"An opening through which one enters a place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entrada","language_family":"french","root":"entrer","root_meaning":"to enter","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"intrāre","meaning":"To go into, enter.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"entrer","meaning":"To enter, go in.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"entrance","meaning":"A way in, doorway.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"entrada","meaning":"Entrance, entry.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["entry","enter","reenter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doorway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"536e5fca-7a92-4084-9df1-4710de58c3b4","word":"entrepreneur","definition":"A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emprendedor","language_family":"french","root":"entreprendre","root_meaning":"to undertake","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entrepreneur","meaning":"business organizer","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"entrepreneur","meaning":"undertaker (of enterprises)","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"entreprendre","meaning":"to undertake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"prendere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enterprise","interpret","comprehend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"businessperson","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mogul","formality":"informal"},{"word":"founder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"6a8f5350-196a-4063-8552-8cde1fc30b1f","word":"entries","definition":"Plural of entry; items recorded or included, or acts of entering a place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entradas","language_family":"french","root":"entrée","root_meaning":"entrance, the act of entering","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entries","meaning":"plural of entry; recorded items or acts of entering","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"entry","meaning":"act of entering or thing entered","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"entrée","meaning":"entrance, entry","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"entrer","meaning":"to enter","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["entry","enter","entrance","entrée"],"synonyms":[{"word":"items","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accesses","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"a50d0f9b-bd4f-43c1-8f7d-3b0e37c80e7c","word":"entrust","definition":"To entrust is to give someone responsibility for something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *traustą","root_meaning":"confidence; support; trust","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entrust","meaning":"to give someone responsibility for something or someone","children":[{"era":"late 1500s","word":"en- + trust","meaning":"to put into trust or confidence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trust","meaning":"confidence; reliance","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Old Norse traust","meaning":"confidence; help; support","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *traustą","meaning":"confidence; support","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trust","trusted","trusting","distrust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"32289b8f-53a0-4130-9dee-86e6dc0a730c","word":"entry","definition":"An act or instance of entering, or a place where one enters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entrada","language_family":"french","root":"intrare","root_meaning":"to enter, go in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"entry","meaning":"act of entering or entrance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"entrie","meaning":"entrance, entry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"entrée","meaning":"entrance, admission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intrare","meaning":"to enter, go in","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enter","entrance","entrée","entrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doorway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admission","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"21e24184-6afe-4dea-81e6-7419d593c9f9","word":"envelop","definition":"To wrap around or enclose completely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"envoloper","root_meaning":"to wrap around","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"envelop","meaning":"to wrap around or enclose completely","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"envelopper","meaning":"to wrap up or cover","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"envoloper","meaning":"to wrap around","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["envelope","envelopment","enveloped","enveloping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enclose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encompass","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"a1370ce1-20fe-489a-847d-d2f70c640ef0","word":"envelope","definition":"A flat paper container with a sealable flap, used to enclose a letter or document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"envolver","language_family":"french","root":"envoloper","root_meaning":"to wrap up, to cover","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"envelope","meaning":"paper container for documents","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"enveloppe","meaning":"a wrapper, covering","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"envoloper","meaning":"to wrap up, cover","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wrapper","casing","covering","sheath","parcel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wrapper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pouch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"c913e831-cef5-46b3-b252-e9ce7a18ab56","word":"envious","definition":"Envious describes feeling resentment or longing because someone else has something desired.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"envidioso","language_family":"latin","root":"invidere","root_meaning":"to envy; look at with ill will","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"envious","meaning":"feeling envy or resentment at another's advantage","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"envieus","meaning":"full of envy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invidiosus","meaning":"full of envy; hateful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invidere","meaning":"to envy; look at with ill will","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + videre","meaning":"against + to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["envy","envying","enviable","invidious","enviously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jealous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covetous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resentful","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"908f4778-c5aa-41ed-aff2-28c0f36fba22","word":"environment","definition":"The surroundings or conditions in which a person or thing exists.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ambiente","language_family":"latin","root":"in + virōn","root_meaning":"circle, surroundings","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"in + virōn","meaning":"To encircle, surround.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"environment","meaning":"Surroundings, conditions.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"ambiente","meaning":"Environment, atmosphere.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["environmental","environmentalist","environ"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surroundings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"setting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"milieu","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"26919e82-08a6-4fe1-a8a0-f171962d9399","word":"environmental","definition":"Relating to the natural world and ecosystems, especially concerning pollution and conservation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ambiental","language_family":"french","root":"environ","root_meaning":"to surround","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"environmental","meaning":"relating to surroundings and nature","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"environmental","meaning":"relating to the environment","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"environment","meaning":"surroundings, conditions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"environ","meaning":"to surround","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en + viron","meaning":"in + turn","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["environment","environ","environmentalist","environmental"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ecological","formality":"formal"},{"word":"natural","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atmospheric","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"a47c113f-416c-46f9-94cc-7b693cf74a70","word":"envy","definition":"A feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions, qualities, or luck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"envidia","language_family":"french","root":"invidia","root_meaning":"envy, malice, a looking askance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"envy","meaning":"resentful longing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"envie","meaning":"envy, malice","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"envie","meaning":"envy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invidia","meaning":"envy, malice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invidious","envious","vision","supervise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jealousy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covetousness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resentment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desirousness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"4a6ec031-e3d1-48b9-ae1d-5e41268c63f2","word":"enzyme","definition":"A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enzima","language_family":"greek","root":"en + zyme","root_meaning":"in + leaven, yeast","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1870s (coined)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"enzyme","meaning":"biochemical catalyst","children":[{"era":"1878","word":"Enzym","meaning":"enzyme","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"en","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"zyme","meaning":"leaven, yeast","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["zymology","enzymatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"catalyst","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ferment","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"76f92a5d-2a5b-420d-a2eb-3fb9366b4871","word":"eos","definition":"The Greek goddess of the dawn.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Ēṓs","root_meaning":"dawn","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*h₂éwsōs","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eos","meaning":"Greek goddess of dawn","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Ēṓs","meaning":"dawn","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aurora","east","Easter","orient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daybreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aurora","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"d0c24438-5454-4801-9428-8ac26c52a313","word":"epic","definition":"A long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds; impressively great.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"épico","language_family":"greek","root":"epikos","root_meaning":"of or relating to a word or story","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"epikós (ἐπικός)","meaning":"Pertaining to a word or narrative poem. From epos (word, story, poem).","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"epic","meaning":"Heroic, grand in scale.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"épico","meaning":"Epic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["epoch","epopee","epos"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heroic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monumental","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"437e9d09-c566-4b57-9521-2309519092c6","word":"epidemic","definition":"A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"epidemia","language_family":"greek","root":"epidēmia","root_meaning":"prevalence of a disease","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"epidēmía (ἐπιδημία)","meaning":"Prevalence of a disease, a visit. From epi- (upon) + dēmos (people).","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"epidemic","meaning":"A widespread disease outbreak.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"epidemia","meaning":"Epidemic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["pandemic","endemic","epidemiology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outbreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plague","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contagion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"30bf43d8-1276-42ef-b957-ce77afd59d09","word":"episode","definition":"An event or series of events occurring as part of a larger sequence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"episodio","language_family":"greek","root":"epeisodion","root_meaning":"an addition, an entry","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"epeisódion (ἐπεισόδιον)","meaning":"An addition, entry. Part of a Greek tragedy between two choral songs. From epi- (upon) + eisodos (entrance).","children":[{"era":"1670s","word":"episode","meaning":"A distinct part of a series.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"episodio","meaning":"Episode.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["episodic","exodus","period"],"synonyms":[{"word":"installment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occurrence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"36d3234a-e259-4ca8-b473-50d6f3d06a47","word":"equal","definition":"Being the same in quantity, size, or degree; to be the same as","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"igual","language_family":"latin","root":"aequalis","root_meaning":"equal, uniform","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aequus","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"equal","meaning":"same in degree; identical","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"égal","meaning":"equal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequalis","meaning":"equal, uniform, even","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equality","equally","equalize","unequal","equation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equivalent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"identical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"even","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2027428b-f7f2-4576-bec4-2b87102a67e3","word":"equality","definition":"The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"igualdad","language_family":"latin","root":"aequalis","root_meaning":"equal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aikʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"equality","meaning":"the state of being equal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"equalite","meaning":"equality","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"equalité","meaning":"equality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequalitas","meaning":"equality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequalis","meaning":"equal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equal","equate","equable","equation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"parity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sameness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"69655c6f-8e33-4615-87fb-d724b11a2074","word":"equation","definition":"A statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ecuación","language_family":"latin","root":"aequare","root_meaning":"to make equal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"equation","meaning":"statement of equality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequātiōn-","meaning":"a making equal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequāre","meaning":"to make equal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequus","meaning":"equal, level","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equal","equalize","equivalent","equity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"formula","formality":"technical"},{"word":"identity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"equivalence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"8c3c37d6-c213-4d11-b0a7-58d8db70d9c1","word":"equilibrium","definition":"A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"equilibrio","language_family":"latin","root":"aequilibrium","root_meaning":"equal balance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aikʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"equilibrium","meaning":"A state of balance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequilibrium","meaning":"equal balance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequus","meaning":"equal","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"libra","meaning":"balance, scales","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equal","balance","libra","equable","equate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"balance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"723edf14-9fed-4428-ba66-8f974a7707c1","word":"equip","definition":"To provide (someone or something) with necessary items for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"equipar","language_family":"french","root":"esquiper","root_meaning":"to fit out, provide","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*skeip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"equip","meaning":"to provide with necessary items","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"équiper","meaning":"to equip","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"esquiper","meaning":"to fit out (a ship)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skipan","meaning":"to cut, shave, ship","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equipment","equipped","ship","skipper","equipage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"furnish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"c7f5bb88-4b43-4c73-88a6-61b087cddf15","word":"equipment","definition":"The necessary tools or apparatus needed for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"equipo","language_family":"french","root":"equip","root_meaning":"to outfit, prepare, furnish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*eqwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"equipment","meaning":"tools or apparatus for a purpose","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"equipment","meaning":"gear, apparatus, outfit","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"équiper","meaning":"to equip, outfit","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equip","equipped","equipage","equipment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tools","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplies","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"4e0803a9-77ff-45fb-a983-03d37a9db205","word":"equity","definition":"The quality of being fair and impartial, or the value of ownership in a company or property.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"equidad","language_family":"latin","root":"aequus","root_meaning":"equal, level","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ewḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"equity","meaning":"fairness or ownership value","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"equity","meaning":"fairness, justice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequus","meaning":"equal, level","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equal","equitable","equation","equivalent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fairness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"justice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impartiality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"57872366-5615-41de-8642-6734f14861b0","word":"equivalent","definition":"Equal in value, amount, function, or meaning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"equivalente","language_family":"latin","root":"aequivalere","root_meaning":"to be equal in power","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aikʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"equivalent","meaning":"equal in value","children":[{"era":"late 15th century","word":"equivalent","meaning":"equal in power","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequivalens","meaning":"being equal in power","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aequivalere","meaning":"to be equal in power","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["equality","value","valor","valid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comparable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commensurate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"equal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"identical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"bc86c3ba-319a-4718-8c57-c5b952dc5763","word":"era","definition":"A long and distinct period of history or of a person's life, typically one marked by particular characteristics or events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"era","language_family":"latin","root":"aera","root_meaning":"counter, epoch, fixed date","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical (Latin), 1600s (English adoption)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"era","meaning":"a distinct period of history","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"era","meaning":"epoch, date","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aera","meaning":"counter, epoch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["epoch","aeon","period","chronological"],"synonyms":[{"word":"epoch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"age","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"time","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"796f8469-b4bd-4a1f-bbcf-0d58b667ff74","word":"ere","definition":"An archaic conjunction or preposition meaning before.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *airiz","root_meaning":"earlier; before","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂éyeri","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ere","meaning":"An archaic conjunction or preposition meaning before.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"er","meaning":"Before.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣr","meaning":"Before; earlier.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*airi","meaning":"Early.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*airiz","meaning":"Earlier; before.","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*h₂éyeri","meaning":"Day; morning.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["earlier","early","erst","erstwhile","erewhile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"before","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earlier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erst","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"e26adc35-b42a-4d9b-b047-044b998f014f","word":"erection","definition":"Erection is the act or state of raising something upright, especially the stiffening of genital tissue.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"erección","language_family":"latin","root":"regere","root_meaning":"to keep straight, direct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"erection","meaning":"the act or state of making or becoming upright","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"erection","meaning":"a raising up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"erigere","meaning":"to raise up; set upright","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to keep straight; direct; rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["erect","erected","erector","correct","direct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uprightness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"raising","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"697b5307-3c6e-40c0-b172-4b5bda5dfc5f","word":"eric","definition":"A male given name of Scandinavian origin meaning ever powerful or ever ruler.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"Eiríkr","root_meaning":"ever powerful, eternal ruler","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Eric","meaning":"personal name","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"Eric","meaning":"personal name","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Eiríkr","meaning":"ever powerful, eternal ruler","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ei (ever) + ríkr (powerful)","meaning":"components of the name","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Erica","Erik","Erick","Erika"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Erik","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Erick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"f021b15a-89af-4030-9984-6574177ffa33","word":"erm","definition":"An interjection used to express hesitation or uncertainty.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"erm","meaning":"expression of hesitation","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["um","hmm","er"],"synonyms":[{"word":"um","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hmm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"a9527118-9d88-4d8e-bc80-be0027e290d0","word":"erotic","definition":"Relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"erótico","language_family":"greek","root":"Eros","root_meaning":"god of love, sexual desire","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"erotic","meaning":"pertaining to sexual love","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"erotikos","meaning":"pertaining to love","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Eros","meaning":"sexual desire, god of love","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eroticism","erogenous","erotomania"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sexual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lustful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"272ef0d9-b5b8-4613-a515-29a9e53e5021","word":"erotica","definition":"Literature or art dealing with sexual love in a sensual or explicit way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"erótica","language_family":"greek","root":"ἔρως (eros)","root_meaning":"sexual love, desire","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"erotica","meaning":"literature or art dealing with sexual love","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"erotica","meaning":"things pertaining to love","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"erotika","meaning":"things pertaining to love","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἔρως (eros)","meaning":"sexual love","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["erotic","Eros","erotism","erogenous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pornography","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensualia","formality":"literary"},{"word":"porn","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"f1c9ae8b-ccb1-4996-abe9-05782f906c91","word":"err","definition":"To err is to make a mistake or go astray.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"errar","language_family":"latin","root":"errare","root_meaning":"to wander; stray; make a mistake","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"err","meaning":"to make a mistake or go astray","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin errare","meaning":"to wander; stray; make a mistake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["error","errant","erring","erroneous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blunder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mistake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stray","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"442fb114-ad61-4212-a154-abf13d7c51f7","word":"errand","definition":"A short journey undertaken in order to deliver or collect something, especially on someone else's behalf.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ærende","root_meaning":"message, mission","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*āruz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"errand","meaning":"a short journey to deliver/collect something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"erande","meaning":"message, mission","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ærende","meaning":"message, mission","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*āruz","meaning":"messenger","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["errant","errantry","message","mission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"task","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commission","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"6d25badb-a3d8-43eb-9a26-02ee85b6846a","word":"erratic","definition":"Erratic means wandering, irregular, or unpredictable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"errático","language_family":"latin","root":"errare","root_meaning":"to wander, stray, err","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"erratic","meaning":"wandering, irregular, or unpredictable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"erraticus","meaning":"wandering; straying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"errare","meaning":"to wander, stray, err","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*ers-","meaning":"to move around; wander","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["err","error","errant","erroneous","aberrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"irregular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unpredictable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"volatile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"448db0ec-7de8-4ca5-bdee-f99292a7df31","word":"error","definition":"A mistake, inaccuracy, or deviation from the correct or intended course.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"error","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin errare","root_meaning":"to wander, stray, be mistaken","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"error","meaning":"mistake or inaccuracy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"error","meaning":"mistake, wandering","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"errour","meaning":"mistake, straying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"errare","meaning":"to wander, stray, err","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["err","errant","erroneous","erring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mistake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inaccuracy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blunder","formality":"informal"},{"word":"miscalculation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"00de4f4f-418b-4051-9f5b-97870a23c958","word":"errors","definition":"Plural of error; mistakes or inaccuracies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"errores","language_family":"latin","root":"errare","root_meaning":"to wander, go astray","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"errors","meaning":"plural of error, mistakes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"errors","meaning":"plural of error","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"error","meaning":"mistake, wandering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"errare","meaning":"to wander, go astray, be mistaken","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["error","erroneous","errant","aberrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mistakes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inaccuracies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blunders","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.367Z"}
{"id":"cec7a778-22b7-4dfc-badf-d47b3ece28ad","word":"eruption","definition":"A sudden bursting out or breaking forth, especially of a volcano, rash, or strong emotion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"erupción","language_family":"latin","root":"rumpere","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eruption","meaning":"a sudden bursting out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin eruptio","meaning":"a breaking out, eruption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"erumpere","meaning":"to burst out, break forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["erupt","eruptive","erupting","erupted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outburst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outbreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burst","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"0b8cdecd-3272-4e88-86fc-c3e50c3ec509","word":"escape","definition":"To break free from confinement or control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"escapar","language_family":"french","root":"eschaper","root_meaning":"to get away, flee","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"ex+cappa","meaning":"Out of one's cape; to slip out of a garment.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"eschaper","meaning":"To get away, flee, slip out.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"escape","meaning":"To break free.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"escapar","meaning":"To escape.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["escapee","escapism","inescapable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abscond","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"435aa7ae-733e-422d-bbf3-2ef425b25c5f","word":"escort","definition":"To accompany (someone or something) somewhere, especially for protection or ceremony.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"escoltar","language_family":"french","root":"scorta","root_meaning":"to guide, conduct","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"escort","meaning":"accompany for protection","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"escorte","meaning":"a guide, protection","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"scorta","meaning":"company of soldiers, guard","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corrigible","correct","rectify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accompany","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"f23cc1b0-5d66-44f5-8dcc-a5d58e12b983","word":"esoteric","definition":"Intended for or understood by only a small number of people with specialized knowledge.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"esotérico","language_family":"greek","root":"esōterikos","root_meaning":"belonging to an inner circle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"esō","meaning":"Within, inside.","children":[{"era":"~400 BC","word":"esōterikos","meaning":"Inner, belonging to the initiated.","children":[{"era":"1650s","word":"esoteric","meaning":"Understood by the initiated only.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"esotérico","meaning":"Esoteric, hidden.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["esoterica","esotericism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arcane","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obscure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cryptic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"e2687ab0-26e7-4171-a4bf-0df48e8b3866","word":"especially","definition":"To a great extent; particularly; in particular.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"especialmente","language_family":"latin","root":"specialis","root_meaning":"individual, particular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"especially","meaning":"particularly, to a great extent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"especial","meaning":"particular, special","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specialis","meaning":"individual, particular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"appearance, kind, sort","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["especial","specially","special","species"],"synonyms":[{"word":"particularly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"specifically","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"9fd2e199-767d-48ef-9156-964fb754f5a0","word":"espionage","definition":"The practice or activity of spying, especially for a government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"spehon","root_meaning":"to spy","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"espionage","meaning":"spying, especially for a government","children":[{"era":"1793","word":"espionnage","meaning":"spying","children":[{"era":"16th c.","word":"espion","meaning":"spy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spehon","meaning":"to spy","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spy","espy","espial","espion","spycraft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spycraft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intelligence gathering","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"1de7a4f2-877c-44c4-adf7-65c6d7bb7fe5","word":"espresso","definition":"Espresso is a concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"expreso","language_family":"latin","root":"exprimere","root_meaning":"to press out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"espresso","meaning":"a concentrated coffee beverage","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"espresso","meaning":"pressed out; the source beverage term","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"esprimere","meaning":"to press out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exprimere","meaning":"to press out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["express","expression","expressive","pressure","press"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coffee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expresso","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"short black","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"59263a3c-c707-4d45-a262-8f6286691eb2","word":"essay","definition":"A short piece of writing on a particular subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ensayo","language_family":"french","root":"essai","root_meaning":"an attempt, trial","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"essay","meaning":"A short piece of writing on a particular subject","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"essai","meaning":"an attempt, trial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exigere","meaning":"to weigh, try, test","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assay","exact","agent","act"],"synonyms":[{"word":"composition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treatise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"1e3a10e2-1a78-4ee9-9fd4-ed17cb052d12","word":"essence","definition":"The intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something that determines its character.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esencia","language_family":"latin","root":"essentia","root_meaning":"being, existence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*es- (to be)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"essence","meaning":"fundamental nature","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"essence","meaning":"being, nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"essentia","meaning":"being, existence (coined by Cicero)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"esse","meaning":"to be","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["essential","present","entity","interest","absent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quintessence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kernel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"e27a1adb-2f63-440b-9687-b026f23464d2","word":"essential","definition":"Absolutely necessary or vitally important.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"esencial","language_family":"latin","root":"essentia","root_meaning":"being, essence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"essential","meaning":"absolutely necessary","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"essential","meaning":"pertaining to essence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"essentia","meaning":"being, essence","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["essence","essentially","essentiality","inessential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fundamental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vital","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indispensable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crucial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"e576a90f-03d0-4910-b544-65ee8e3563db","word":"est","definition":"Superlative suffix used to form the highest degree of adjectives or adverbs.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"-est","root_meaning":"most","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*-ist-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"est","meaning":"superlative marker","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-est","meaning":"superlative suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["-er","-est","most","superlative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"most","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"highest degree","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"fd5bfbd2-cab7-4ff5-9853-ca85150ffaf0","word":"establish","definition":"To set up on a firm or permanent basis.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"establecer","language_family":"latin","root":"stabilīre","root_meaning":"to make firm, establish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"stabilīre","meaning":"To make firm, make stable.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"establish","meaning":"To set up permanently.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"establecer","meaning":"To establish, found.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["establishment","established","disestablish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"found","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"institute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"set up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"10f9d9d3-9bb8-472e-81e3-118b7f371012","word":"established","definition":"Set up on a firm or permanent basis; made or caused to be recognized and accepted.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"establecido","language_family":"latin","root":"stabilire","root_meaning":"to make stable or firm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stab-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"established","meaning":"set up on firm basis; recognized","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"establish","meaning":"to make stable, to set up permanently","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"establir","meaning":"to make firm or stable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilire","meaning":"to make stable or fixed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilis","meaning":"firm, stable, constant","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*stab-","meaning":"to stand, to be firm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["establish","establishment","stable","stability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"founded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"set up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instituted","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"c1ee1762-2495-4df8-9a5f-9f456a5bcc5b","word":"establishment","definition":"The act of establishing something; a business or other organization; a permanent institution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"establecimiento","language_family":"french","root":"establecissment","root_meaning":"act of establishing","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"14th century","word":"establishment","meaning":"act of establishing; an institution","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"establecissment","meaning":"act of establishing","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"establecer","meaning":"to establish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilire","meaning":"to make firm, establish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilis","meaning":"firm, stable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["establish","stable","institution","regime","stabilize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"institution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"founding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"5dd8965d-b90c-43dc-87d4-13c9a5e2c70e","word":"estate","definition":"An extensive area of land or all the money and property owned by someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estado","language_family":"french","root":"estat","root_meaning":"state, condition, rank","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"statum","meaning":"State, condition, from stāre (to stand).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"estat","meaning":"State, condition, rank.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estate","meaning":"Property, social standing.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"estado","meaning":"State, estate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["state","status","real estate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"property","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holdings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"968305a8-9425-41d5-80af-7cfe47ce2b98","word":"esteem","definition":"Respect and admiration held for someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estimar","language_family":"latin","root":"aestimāre","root_meaning":"to value, assess","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"esteem","meaning":"respect and admiration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estimer","meaning":"to estimate or value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimāre","meaning":"to value, assess","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["esteem","esteemed","esteeming","estimate","estimable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"respect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admiration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"23e6349a-59ad-42d3-9098-55c79b259cc1","word":"estimate","definition":"To approximate the value, number, or quantity of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"estimar","language_family":"latin","root":"aestimare","root_meaning":"to value, appraise, calculate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aist-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"estimate","meaning":"To approximate value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimare","meaning":"to value, appraise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["estimation","estimable","esteem","revere","appraisal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gauge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calculate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appraise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"0fbc069b-22d5-4e97-a3ec-e22d537baf56","word":"estimated","definition":"Roughly calculated or evaluated without precise measurement or data.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estimado","language_family":"latin","root":"aestimare","root_meaning":"to value, appraise, or assess","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"estimated","meaning":"approximately calculated or assessed","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"estimate","meaning":"to value or assess","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimatus","meaning":"valued or assessed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimare","meaning":"to value, appraise, or estimate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["estimate","estimation","estimator","esteem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approximate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conjectured","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"a0af911c-df3c-49d5-900b-fdbd5ac14a0e","word":"estimates","definition":"Approximate calculations or judgments of value, amount, or extent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estimaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"aestimatus","root_meaning":"valued, appraised","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"estimates","meaning":"plural of estimate","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"estimate","meaning":"to assess value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimatus","meaning":"valued, valued at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["estimate","estimation","estimable","overestimate","underestimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approximations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assessments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evaluations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calculations","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"1d505fc6-043a-486e-8232-5ef8881893e3","word":"estimation","definition":"A judgment or opinion about the value, size, or quality of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estimación","language_family":"latin","root":"aestimare","root_meaning":"to value, appraise, estimate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"estimation","meaning":"A judgment or opinion about the value, size, or quality of something.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estimacion","meaning":"valuation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimatio","meaning":"a valuing, appraisal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["estimate","esteem","valuable","appraisal","assess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appraisal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valuation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"judgment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckoning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"6db835eb-3fae-4725-8c4c-4580e60f69ed","word":"eta","definition":"Eta is the name of the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eta","language_family":"greek","root":"ḥēt","root_meaning":"fence or enclosure","root_language":"Phoenician","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eta","meaning":"the Greek letter eta","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eta","meaning":"the letter eta (η)","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ḥēt","meaning":"a letter name meaning fence or enclosure","children":[],"language":"Phoenician"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eta-meson","eta particle","eta function","eta decay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Greek vowel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Greek letter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"long e","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"489cf247-d3e0-4f0c-ba37-b23c7bb53f88","word":"etc","definition":"And other similar items; used to indicate that more of the same type are included.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"et cetera","root_meaning":"and the rest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"etc","meaning":"and other similar items","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"et cetera","meaning":"and the rest, and other things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"et","meaning":"and","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cetera","meaning":"the rest, remaining things","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["et cetera","and so on","etcetera"],"synonyms":[{"word":"and so on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"and so forth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"60a186a0-f240-4f5c-970f-e47d4be6b4b4","word":"eternal","definition":"Lasting or existing forever; without end or beginning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"eterno","language_family":"latin","root":"aeternalis","root_meaning":"eternal, everlasting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aiw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eternal","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aeternalis","meaning":"eternal, everlasting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aevum","meaning":"age, time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eternity","eternize","eternally","sempiternal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"everlasting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unending","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infinite","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"421cfe6d-7d35-4dab-9c4f-eb682f6ea8be","word":"eternity","definition":"Infinite or unending time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eternidad","language_family":"latin","root":"aeternitas","root_meaning":"endless duration","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aiw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eternity","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"eternité","meaning":"eternity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aeternitas","meaning":"endless duration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aeternus","meaning":"everlasting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aevum","meaning":"age, time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eternal","eon","primeval","age"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infinity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetuity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forever","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"76ac06d4-098f-4a54-8702-6fa06eeae9a6","word":"ethic","definition":"A set of moral principles, especially ones relating to or affirming a specified group, field, or theory.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ética","language_family":"greek","root":"ēthos","root_meaning":"custom, character","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ethic","meaning":"a set of moral principles","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"ethica","meaning":"ethics","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēthikē","meaning":"ethical (feminine of ēthikos 'of or for morals, moral')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēthos","meaning":"custom, character, disposition","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ethical","ethics","ethos","ethnicity","ethology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"value","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belief","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"ce4a3065-92fc-40b3-a8c1-1615057ff436","word":"ethical","definition":"Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ético","language_family":"greek","root":"ἠθικός (ēthikos)","root_meaning":"relating to character","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ethical","meaning":"relating to moral principles","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ethical","meaning":"relating to morals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēthikē (ἠθική)","meaning":"moral philosophy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēthikos (ἠθικός)","meaning":"relating to character, custom","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēthos (ἦθος)","meaning":"custom, character","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"ethice","meaning":"ethics","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ethics","ethos","moral","morality","ethology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtuous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"349b51a1-b9c3-482a-8af5-e1458c9fc73d","word":"ethics","definition":"Moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ética","language_family":"greek","root":"ēthikē","root_meaning":"relating to character","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~350 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~350 BC","word":"ēthikḗ (ἠθική)","meaning":"Moral philosophy. From ēthos (character, custom, habit).","children":[{"era":"1380s","word":"ethics","meaning":"The study of moral principles.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"ética","meaning":"Ethics.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["ethical","ethos","unethical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"morals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moral philosophy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"4ed6e582-9237-4be7-b27c-43bfba0d0115","word":"ethnic","definition":"Relating to a population group sharing a common cultural background.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"étnico","language_family":"greek","root":"ethnikos","root_meaning":"of or for a nation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"ethnikós (ἐθνικός)","meaning":"National, foreign, gentile. From ethnos (nation, people).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ethnic","meaning":"Relating to a cultural group.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"étnico","meaning":"Ethnic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["ethnicity","ethnography","ethnocentrism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cultural","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"racial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tribal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f5b2fb40-2943-4bc0-865a-50179596f629","word":"etiquette","definition":"The conventional rules of polite behavior in a social setting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"etiqueta","language_family":"french","root":"estiquette","root_meaning":"label, ticket, note","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"etiquette","meaning":"the conventional rules of polite behavior in a social setting","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"étiquette","meaning":"label; prescribed social code","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"estiquette","meaning":"label or note","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ticket","label","decorum","protocol"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decorum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"protocol","formality":"formal"},{"word":"manners","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"006af94d-f0ac-4144-b18c-c71d93148a03","word":"etymology","definition":"The study of the origin and historical development of words.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"etimología","language_family":"greek","root":"etymologia","root_meaning":"study of the true sense","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"etymos + logia","meaning":"True sense + study.","children":[{"era":"~100 AD","word":"etymologia","meaning":"Word origin analysis.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"etymology","meaning":"Study of word origins.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"etimología","meaning":"Etymology.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["etymological","etymon","etymologist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"derivation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"origin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"word history","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"90d93b75-a07e-402d-a9e1-8fe7630eefed","word":"eunuch","definition":"A man who has been castrated, historically often serving as a court attendant or guardian.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eunuco","language_family":"greek","root":"εὐνοῦχος","root_meaning":"bed-keeper; eunuch","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eunuch","meaning":"a man who has been castrated","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"eunuch","meaning":"eunuch","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"eunuque","meaning":"eunuch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eunūchus","meaning":"eunuch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"εὐνοῦχος","meaning":"bed-keeper; eunuch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"εὐνή","meaning":"bed","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"ἔχειν","meaning":"to hold, keep","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eunuchal","eunuchoid","eunuchism","eunuchize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"castrato","formality":"technical"},{"word":"castrated man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spado","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"415baea1-58af-443d-ac34-d49cda5eae08","word":"euphoria","definition":"A feeling of intense happiness and well-being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"euforia","language_family":"greek","root":"euphoria","root_meaning":"power of enduring easily","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"euphoría (εὐφορία)","meaning":"Fertility, the power of bearing easily. From eu- (well, good) + pherein (to bear).","children":[{"era":"1727","word":"euphoria","meaning":"A state of intense happiness.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"euforia","meaning":"Euphoria.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["euphoric","euphemism","eulogy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bliss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ecstasy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"fed7c257-494f-4bef-a9a2-38f33faf22ea","word":"eur","definition":"The currency code for the Euro, the official monetary unit of the European Union.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"EUR","meaning":"Euro currency code","children":[{"era":"1999","word":"Euro","meaning":"European currency","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Europe","meaning":"the continent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["euro","currency","monetary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"euro","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"€","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"5b010151-3553-4ea6-b0ef-aad50eb660cc","word":"euro","definition":"The common currency of the European Union used by most member states.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"euro","language_family":"greek","root":"Eurōpē","root_meaning":"Europe, the continent","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1999","word":"euro","meaning":"European Union currency","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"Euro","meaning":"currency of Europe","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Europe","meaning":"the continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Eurōpē","meaning":"Europe (mythological name)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Europe","European","Eurocent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"EUR","formality":"technical"},{"word":"European currency","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"3e61c373-e0c6-456e-a025-ccd83d12e798","word":"europe","definition":"A continent comprising the western part of Eurasia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Europa","language_family":"greek","root":"Europa","root_meaning":"wide, broad; possibly from Phoenician","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Europe","meaning":"a continent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Europe","meaning":"Europe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ευρώπη","meaning":"wide, broad (possibly from Phoenician)","language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["European","Europe","Eurozone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Continent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Old World","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"bbd75b33-7c8f-4c22-8bf2-492995190078","word":"european","definition":"Relating to or belonging to Europe or its people, culture, and languages.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"europeo","language_family":"greek","root":"Europa","root_meaning":"possibly 'wide' or 'broad face' in Greek mythology","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"European","meaning":"of or relating to Europe","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Europaean","meaning":"relating to Europe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Europaeus","meaning":"of or relating to Europe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Europa","meaning":"the European continent","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Europe","European Union","Europeanism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"continental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Old World","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"d82dbbcc-2b91-44c2-8282-2532e7b41a0f","word":"evacuate","definition":"To remove someone or something from a place of danger to a safer place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"evacuar","language_family":"latin","root":"evacuare","root_meaning":"to empty out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evacuate","meaning":"to remove from danger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evacuare","meaning":"to empty out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vacuus","meaning":"empty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vacuum","vacant","vacation","evasion","void","vanish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"withdraw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"displace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remove","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"40b121c9-ae07-43fc-b435-57c49c3713b7","word":"evacuation","definition":"Evacuation is the act of emptying a place or removing people from it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"evacuación","language_family":"latin","root":"vacuus","root_meaning":"empty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evacuation","meaning":"the act of emptying a place or removing people from it","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin evacuatio","meaning":"a clearing out or emptying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evacuare","meaning":"to empty out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"e-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vacuus","meaning":"empty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evacuate","evacuated","evacuating","vacuum","vacant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emptying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clearing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"removal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"134ea6a2-f404-41ee-80df-195b24f4fac9","word":"evaluate","definition":"To form an idea of the amount, value, or quality of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"evaluar","language_family":"latin","root":"valēre","root_meaning":"to be strong, be worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"valēre","meaning":"To be strong, be worth.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"evaluate","meaning":"To assess, judge the value of.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"evaluar","meaning":"To evaluate, assess.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["evaluation","value","valuate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assess","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appraise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"judge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"412f31b7-8e72-4663-a650-756574b7d7dd","word":"evaluation","definition":"The process of assessing or estimating the nature, ability, or quality of something or someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"evaluación","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin valere","root_meaning":"to be strong, to be worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evaluation","meaning":"assessment of worth","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"evaluate","meaning":"to determine value","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"évaluation","meaning":"valuation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evaluate","evaluator","value","valuable","devalue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assessment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appraisal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"judgment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estimation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"6477cbf0-1687-477e-8709-7d93e68ceed8","word":"evanescence","definition":"The quality of vanishing quickly; fading away.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"evanescencia","language_family":"latin","root":"evanescere","root_meaning":"to vanish, disappear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"17th C.","word":"evanescence","meaning":"the quality of vanishing quickly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evanescentia","meaning":"a vanishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evanescere","meaning":"to vanish, disappear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vanescere","meaning":"to vanish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vanus","meaning":"empty, void","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evanescent","vanish","vain","vanity","evanish","vacant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transience","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fugacity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ephemerality","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"37b0f9d2-a538-434e-a35f-af4caaee1645","word":"evasive","definition":"Tending to avoid direct answers or disclosure.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"evasivo","language_family":"french","root":"ēvādō","root_meaning":"to go out; escape; evade","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evasive","meaning":"tending to avoid direct answers or disclosure","children":[{"era":"Middle French","word":"évasif","meaning":"evasive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēvādō","meaning":"I escape; I evade","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evade","evasion","evasively","evaded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elusive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equivocal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"noncommittal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"d599a085-3afc-43c9-9157-d143c616fda2","word":"eve","definition":"The period of time immediately before an event or occasion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æfen","root_meaning":"evening","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*afnab-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eve","meaning":"the day before","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"even","meaning":"evening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfen","meaning":"evening","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evening","eventide","even","evesong"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vigil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"day before","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prelude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"ce73e7fd-5a1e-4155-9642-d56057ccf090","word":"even","definition":"Smooth, level, or flat; also used to emphasize or indicate equality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nivel","language_family":"germanic","root":"efen","root_meaning":"flat, level","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ebunaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"even","meaning":"smooth, level, or equal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"even","meaning":"flat, level","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ebunaz","meaning":"level, flat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evenly","evening","even-handed","unevenness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smooth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"438ea4c0-63b4-459a-a340-f7e22283e61a","word":"evening","definition":"The period of time between late afternoon and night; the close or decline of day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"even","root_meaning":"level or equal; approaching evening","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ewen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evening","meaning":"late afternoon to night","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"evening","meaning":"time when day becomes even","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"even","meaning":"evening or level","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["even","eventide","evening","evenly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twilight","formality":"literary"},{"word":"nightfall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"8462d039-a211-4530-b547-641aaf34d070","word":"event","definition":"A thing that happens; a planned public occasion","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"evento","language_family":"latin","root":"eventus","root_meaning":"outcome, event","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ex- + venire","etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"event","meaning":"occurrence; planned occasion","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"événement","meaning":"event, outcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eventus","meaning":"outcome, result, event","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eventful","eventually","eventual","uneventful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occurrence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"happening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occasion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"53c13693-4caa-4d14-b1ea-7a6b5f8de633","word":"events","definition":"Occurrences or instances of something happening, especially significant or noteworthy occasions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"eventos","language_family":"latin","root":"eventus","root_meaning":"outcome, result, occurrence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"events","meaning":"occurrences or occasions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"event","meaning":"an occurrence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eventus","meaning":"outcome, result","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["event","eventual","eventuate","happen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occurrences","formality":"formal"},{"word":"occasions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"happenings","formality":"informal"},{"word":"incidents","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"2f4331cb-2672-4cee-8d5c-8caa531f9237","word":"eventually","definition":"At some later time; in the end, after a period of time or a series of events.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"eventualmente","language_family":"latin","root":"eventus","root_meaning":"outcome, result, occurrence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eventually","meaning":"in the end, at some future time","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"eventual","meaning":"happening at some time in the future","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"eventuel","meaning":"possible, contingent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eventus","meaning":"outcome, result, event","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evenire","meaning":"to come out, happen","children":[{"era":"pre-history","word":"*gʷem-","meaning":"to go, come","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["event","eventual","eventuality","eventful","uneventful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ultimately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"finally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in the end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sooner or later","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"cefb7760-9321-4b43-b060-868cd01bd23e","word":"ever","definition":"At any time; always; used for emphasis in questions or conditions.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"æfre","root_meaning":"always or ever","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aiw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ever","meaning":"at any time; always","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ever","meaning":"always, ever","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"æfre","meaning":"ever, always","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["every","evermore","forever","whoever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"always","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at any time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetually","formality":"formal"},{"word":"continually","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"fd59a30e-b7b4-4629-9cc4-f16c14003462","word":"everlasting","definition":"Something everlasting lasts forever or for an indefinitely long time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"everlasting","meaning":"lasting forever or for an indefinitely long time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ever","meaning":"always, at any time","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lasting","meaning":"continuing to endure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lǣstan","meaning":"to endure, continue, perform","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ever","last","lasting","everlastingness","long-lasting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eternal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"ea04ad44-e5d8-4457-a23a-875915ef130a","word":"every","definition":"Used to refer to all members of a group without exception","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ǣfre ǣlc","root_meaning":"ever each, every one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aiwa + *aiwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"every","meaning":"all without exception","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣfre ǣlc","meaning":"ever each","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*aiwa","meaning":"ever, always","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["everybody","everyone","everything","everywhere","everyday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"each","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"all","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"any","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:18:43.534Z"}
{"id":"8c1654b3-4cfc-4e18-a7b9-b93720bac490","word":"everybody","definition":"Every person; everyone.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ǣfre + bodiġ","root_meaning":"always + body","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aiw- (ever) + *bʰudʰ- (bottom)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"everybody","meaning":"every person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"every","meaning":"each; always","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"body","meaning":"body, trunk","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["everyone","everything","anybody","somebody","nobody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"everyone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"all","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"folks","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"f4e85c51-4d9a-472a-9ef9-b0cd4e051784","word":"everyday","definition":"Happening or used every day; typical or ordinary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"every (OE) + day (OE)","root_meaning":"each + day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"14th century","word":"everyday","meaning":"daily, ordinary","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"every","meaning":"each","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"day","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["daily","daily life","weekday","regular"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"routine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"aa6cd319-0891-494f-9b45-aee1ad89580e","word":"everyone","definition":"Every person; all people without exception.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ælfre","root_meaning":"each, every","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*alwiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"everyone","meaning":"all people","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"every one","meaning":"each individual person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ælfre","meaning":"each, every","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["every","everyone's","somebody","anybody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"everybody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"all people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"each person","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"e8b1d2cb-78fd-44e8-9003-e3908fe76619","word":"everything","definition":"All things or all items without exception.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"every","root_meaning":"each one, all","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ewiraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"everything","meaning":"all things","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"every","meaning":"each one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfre","meaning":"ever","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thing","meaning":"object, matter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["every","everyone","everywhere","anything","something"],"synonyms":[{"word":"all","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entirety","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the whole lot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"3975b6f3-0ced-4f62-9a10-677b1294f663","word":"everywhere","definition":"In or to every place; in all places.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English `ǣfre` (ever) + `hwǣr` (where)","root_meaning":"always + in what place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aiw- (PIE for 'ever') + *kʷo- (PIE for 'where')","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"everywhere","meaning":"in all places","children":[{"era":"current","word":"every","meaning":"each and all","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣfre","meaning":"always, ever","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣlċ","meaning":"each","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"where","meaning":"in what place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwǣr","meaning":"where","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["every","where","anywhere","somewhere","nowhere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ubiquitously","formality":"formal"},{"word":"all over","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"globally","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"bcd0372f-8867-44ea-a465-de47a9bc7046","word":"evict","definition":"To legally expel a tenant or occupant from a property by judicial process.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"evicción","language_family":"latin","root":"evincere","root_meaning":"to overcome, to recover property by legal victory","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evict","meaning":"to legally expel from property","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evictus","meaning":"past participle of evincere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evincere","meaning":"to overcome, recover by legal victory (e- + vincere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*weik-","meaning":"to fight, be strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eviction","evictee","convince","convict","victor","invincible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispossess","formality":"formal"},{"word":"eject","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"dcdcb4cd-c3dc-4ef6-b75c-a165fbedd354","word":"evidence","definition":"Facts or information indicating whether something is true or valid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"evidencia","language_family":"latin","root":"evidens","root_meaning":"clear, obvious, visible","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evidence","meaning":"facts or information indicating truth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"evidence","meaning":"proof, testimony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evidens","meaning":"clear, obvious, visible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evident","evidently","evidential","evidentiary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proof","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"testimony","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"c7c76a19-d180-4030-902b-fe9b963eec45","word":"evident","definition":"Plain or obvious; clearly seen or understood.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"evidente","language_family":"latin","root":"ēvidēns","root_meaning":"obvious, apparent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ēvidēns","meaning":"Obvious, apparent, visible.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"evident","meaning":"Clear, obvious.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"evidente","meaning":"Evident, obvious.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["evidence","evidently","self-evident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obvious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clear","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"90683d6c-9fe8-40d2-ad59-e507e4b4a0c3","word":"evidently","definition":"Clearly; apparently.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"evidentemente","language_family":"latin","root":"ēvidēns","root_meaning":"clear, obvious","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evidently","meaning":"Clearly; apparently","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"evidently","meaning":"clearly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"evident","meaning":"obvious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ēvidēns","meaning":"clear, obvious","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evident","evidence","visual","view","provide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apparently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clearly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obviously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seemingly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"de1d5393-23ec-499f-a50a-b61e95a3d9c8","word":"evil","definition":"Morally wrong, harmful, or wickedness in general.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ubilaz","root_meaning":"bad, vicious","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*upelo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evil","meaning":"morally corrupt or wicked","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"evil","meaning":"bad, vicious, wicked","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ubilaz","meaning":"bad, vicious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*upelo-","meaning":"over, bad","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evilly","evilness","devil","evoke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wicked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"malicious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sinister","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bad","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"33dec51a-89d9-443c-ae88-08453b470692","word":"evolution","definition":"The gradual development or change of something over time, especially of biological species.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"evolución","language_family":"latin","root":"evolutio","root_meaning":"an unfolding, opening","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"evolution","meaning":"gradual development or biological change","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"evolution","meaning":"an unfolding or opening out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evolutio","meaning":"an unfolding, opening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evolvere","meaning":"to unroll, unfold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex + volvere","meaning":"out + to roll","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evolve","evolved","evolutionary","devolve","revolve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"development","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"progression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transformation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"change","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"6304e2bd-e089-458d-a6a9-c95247f25ace","word":"evolve","definition":"To develop gradually over time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"evolucionar","language_family":"latin","root":"ēvolvere","root_meaning":"to unroll, unfold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"ēvolvere","meaning":"To unroll, unfold, open.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"evolve","meaning":"To develop gradually.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"evolucionar","meaning":"To evolve.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["evolution","evolutionary","revolve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"develop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"progress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transform","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"e9646180-2606-4310-91be-76e07d344b0c","word":"exact","definition":"Precisely corresponding to the truth or to a standard.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"exacto","language_family":"latin","root":"exactus","root_meaning":"accurately determined, precise, accomplished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exact","meaning":"precise, accurate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exactus","meaning":"accurately determined, precise (past participle of exigere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, lead, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exigency","agent","act","agile","essay","ambiguous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accurate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"definite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rigorous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"fa2fa48a-7bf1-4486-a9de-ecefb6fa5589","word":"exactly","definition":"In a manner that is precise and without error or approximation.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"exactamente","language_family":"latin","root":"exactus","root_meaning":"driven out, completed, precise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exactly","meaning":"in a precise manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exact","meaning":"precise, accurate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exactus","meaning":"driven out, completed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exact","exacting","exactitude","exaction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precisely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accurately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"just","formality":"informal"},{"word":"entirely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"d33e3c89-dae7-498d-ab46-674150cd20cd","word":"exaggerate","definition":"To overstate or magnify something beyond what is reasonable.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exagerar","language_family":"latin","root":"agger","root_meaning":"heap; mound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exaggerate","meaning":"to overstate or magnify something beyond what is reasonable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exaggerate","meaning":"to heighten, amplify, magnify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"thoroughly; out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"aggerare","meaning":"to heap up, accumulate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agger","meaning":"heap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exaggeration","exaggerated","exaggerating","exaggerator","exaggerative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overstate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overdo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"magnify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"amplify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"c6c09703-8331-4fa0-b193-46143ee3886e","word":"exam","definition":"A formal test of knowledge or ability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"examen","language_family":"latin","root":"examinare","root_meaning":"to weigh, consider, test","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eks-h₁-meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exam","meaning":"formal test","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"examination","meaning":"the act of examining","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"examinacion","meaning":"examination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"examinatio","meaning":"a weighing, examination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"examinare","meaning":"to weigh, consider, test","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["examine","examination","examiner","example"],"synonyms":[{"word":"test","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"evaluation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"f84d54f4-b225-49b3-8103-48cd248cd55b","word":"examination","definition":"A detailed inspection or study of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"examinación","language_family":"latin","root":"examinatio","root_meaning":"a weighing, examination","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"examination","meaning":"A detailed inspection or study of something.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"examine","meaning":"to inspect in detail","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"examinatio","meaning":"a weighing, examination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"examinare","meaning":"to weigh, consider, examine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["examine","exam","examiner","re-examine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inspection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrutiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"fd2e262e-9e20-4eb7-b9a6-367c3d81bea3","word":"examine","definition":"To inspect closely and thoroughly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"examinar","language_family":"french","root":"examiner","root_meaning":"to test, investigate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"exāmināre","meaning":"To test, weigh, examine.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"examiner","meaning":"To test, investigate, question.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"examine","meaning":"To inspect closely.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"examinar","meaning":"To examine.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["examination","examiner","exam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inspect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrutinize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"02b55947-44e9-4f64-b531-93c1df134486","word":"example","definition":"A thing that is representative of its kind; an instance","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ejemplo","language_family":"latin","root":"exemplum","root_meaning":"sample, example","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*eximere","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"example","meaning":"representative instance; model","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"essemple","meaning":"example, model","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exemplum","meaning":"sample, example, pattern","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exemplary","exemplify","for-example"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"illustration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"case","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"029002d4-6730-406d-9f92-e81784eec70b","word":"examples","definition":"Plural of example; things characteristic of their kind or illustrating a general rule.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ejemplos","language_family":"latin","root":"exempulum","root_meaning":"something taken out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"examples","meaning":"plural of example","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"example","meaning":"thing illustrating a rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exemplum","meaning":"something taken out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + emere","meaning":"out + to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["example","exemplar","exemplify","exemplary","exemplum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specimens","formality":"formal"},{"word":"models","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illustrations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"d62e2436-3319-42fc-bb43-447e0e23aa68","word":"exceed","definition":"To go beyond the limits of; to be greater than.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exceder","language_family":"latin","root":"excedere","root_meaning":"to go out, go beyond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exceed","meaning":"to go beyond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excedere","meaning":"to go out, go beyond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out of, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cede","proceed","recede","succeed","intercede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surpass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transcend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outdo","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"8d7a5baf-e4a6-4317-a5c5-895232439a6e","word":"excel","definition":"To be exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exceder","language_family":"latin","root":"excellere","root_meaning":"to rise up, surpass","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excel","meaning":"To be exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"exceller","meaning":"to excel, surpass","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excellere","meaning":"to rise up, surpass","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-cellere (from celsus)","meaning":"to rise, to push up","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to drive, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["excellent","excellence","excelsior","celerity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surpass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outperform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"b305611d-5ec5-4bb9-88a2-67d769d5f988","word":"excellence","definition":"The quality of being outstanding or extremely good.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"excelencia","language_family":"french","root":"excellentia","root_meaning":"superiority","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excellence","meaning":"The quality of being outstanding","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"excellence","meaning":"excellence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excellentia","meaning":"superiority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excellere","meaning":"to excel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["excel","excellent","excellency","excelling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"superiority","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preeminence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eminence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"bc260ffc-6f1b-4bd9-a5a4-071dc1ad2411","word":"excellency","definition":"The quality of being excellent; a title of honor given to certain high-ranking officials.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"excelencia","language_family":"latin","root":"excellentia","root_meaning":"superiority, eminence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excellency","meaning":"quality of being excellent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"excellence","meaning":"superiority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excellentia","meaning":"superiority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excellere","meaning":"to rise above, surpass","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["excellent","excel","excelsior","pre-eminent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"superiority","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eminence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"1cae5af2-cc31-4ead-83aa-583b88d7f7b3","word":"excellent","definition":"Extremely good; of the highest quality or merit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"excelente","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin excellens","root_meaning":"rising above, surpassing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ex- and *cel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excellent","meaning":"of highest quality","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"excellent","meaning":"surpassing, superior","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excellens","meaning":"surpassing, high","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex + cellere","meaning":"out + to rise, surpass","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["excellence","excel","excellence","excellency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outstanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superb","formality":"formal"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"182c12e1-e937-4ed2-b0cb-f1256844e415","word":"except","definition":"Not including or excluding from a general statement.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"excepto","language_family":"latin","root":"excipere","root_meaning":"to take out or exclude","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"except","meaning":"excluding from a group or statement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"except","meaning":"to exclude or take out","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"excepter","meaning":"to exclude","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excipere","meaning":"ex- (out) + capere (to take)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exception","exceptional","exceptionally","excepted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excluding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apart from","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"but","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"save","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"18f448a2-502e-4168-91b9-12554e255406","word":"exception","definition":"A person or thing that is excluded from a general statement or rule.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"excepción","language_family":"latin","root":"excipere","root_meaning":"to take out, to draw out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exception","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"excepcioun","meaning":"exception, objection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exceptio","meaning":"an exception, objection","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accept","concept","inception","receptor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exclusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"omission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anomaly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"864c7e81-2aed-42d0-b448-25e0aaaad606","word":"exceptional","definition":"Unusually good; outstanding.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"excepcional","language_family":"latin","root":"exceptio","root_meaning":"exception, restriction","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exceptional","meaning":"Outstanding","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"exception","meaning":"exception","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exceptio","meaning":"exception, restriction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excipere","meaning":"to take out, exclude","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exception","accept","inception","perceptive","capture","concept"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outstanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remarkable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unique","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"e4b79330-71f5-4296-92c9-d69fc1f3dca5","word":"excerpt","definition":"A short extract from a film, broadcast, piece of music, or writing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"extracto","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin `excerptus`","root_meaning":"plucked out, chosen out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerp- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excerpt","meaning":"a short extract","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excerptus","meaning":"plucked out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"carpere","meaning":"to pluck","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["carp","carpet","scarce","harvest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extract","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"selection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"43698056-e075-43a4-a0e3-1bf508a71aed","word":"excess","definition":"An amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exceso","language_family":"latin","root":"excedere","root_meaning":"to go beyond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excess","meaning":"an amount more than necessary","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"excess","meaning":"exceeding, overflow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excessus","meaning":"a going beyond, exceeding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excedere","meaning":"to go beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exceed","cede","concede","recede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surplus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superfluity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"redundancy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"fa94c6d1-2622-47c9-8a88-6ee784712d5c","word":"excessive","definition":"More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"excesivo","language_family":"latin","root":"excedere","root_meaning":"go out, go beyond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ex- + *cedere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excessive","meaning":"More than is necessary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"excessif","meaning":"immoderate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"excessivus","meaning":"excessive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excedere","meaning":"go out, go beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["excess","exceed","exceedingly","excessiveness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immoderate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inordinate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"undue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extravagant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"a9456661-f0bf-48b5-bbd6-9a1bbb2c5457","word":"exchange","definition":"The act of giving one thing and receiving another in return; a transaction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intercambio","language_family":"french","root":"ex + change","root_meaning":"out + barter, trade","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exchange","meaning":"trade, transaction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"exchangen","meaning":"to exchange","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"eschange","meaning":"barter, trade","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ex + change","meaning":"out + barter","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exchanged","exchanger","exchangeable","interchange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swap","formality":"informal"},{"word":"transaction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"be856f5a-3935-40e4-a891-7a7fa1e4fd7e","word":"excite","definition":"To arouse strong feeling or emotion in someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"excitar","language_family":"latin","root":"excitare","root_meaning":"to rouse, summon forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ex-* + *citare*","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"excite","meaning":"To arouse strong feeling or emotion in someone","children":[{"era":"14th C.","word":"excite","meaning":"to stir up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excitare","meaning":"to rouse, summon forth, stimulate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"citare","meaning":"to rouse, call, summon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["excitement","exciting","citation","incite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thrill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stimulate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arouse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"f2c6230f-e475-48f5-947a-f75d996eb391","word":"excitement","definition":"A state of eager or energetic activity, or the feeling of being excited.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"excitación","language_family":"latin","root":"excitare","root_meaning":"to rouse, summon, call forth, stir up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keie-","etymology_tree":{"era":"17th Century","word":"excitement","meaning":"state of being excited","children":[{"era":"16th Century","word":"excite","meaning":"to stir up","children":[{"era":"14th Century","word":"exciter","meaning":"to rouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excitare","meaning":"to rouse, stir up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["excite","excitable","exciting","excited"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thrill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arousal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enthusiasm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"d8169578-91c3-49b5-a420-dd393621e870","word":"exclaim","definition":"Cry out suddenly in surprise, anger, or excitement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exclamar","language_family":"latin","root":"exclāmāre","root_meaning":"to cry out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exclaim","meaning":"Cry out suddenly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exclamer","meaning":"to cry out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exclāmāre","meaning":"to cry out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exclamation","exclamatory","proclaimed","claim","clamor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vociferate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"b8c87619-ea9e-4f37-86cb-56cd39bb9db7","word":"exclude","definition":"To prevent from entering or participating; keep out.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"excluir","language_family":"latin","root":"excludere","root_meaning":"to shut out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exclude","meaning":"To prevent from entering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excludere","meaning":"to shut out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to shut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exclusion","exclusive","preclude","include"],"synonyms":[{"word":"omit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ban","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"e40f4c84-459d-4c4b-9bc7-216592879beb","word":"exclusion","definition":"The act of preventing someone or something from entering a place, group, or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exclusión","language_family":"latin","root":"ex-, claudere","root_meaning":"out of, from; to close","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleh₂u-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exclusion","meaning":"act of shutting out","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"exclusion","meaning":"exclusion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exclusio","meaning":"a shutting out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excludere","meaning":"to shut out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to close","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exclude","exclusive","closure","recluse","occlude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"omission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rejection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"bce8ac1e-cd82-4a74-8d66-0e758bdc44b6","word":"exclusive","definition":"Limited to a select few; not shared or open to all.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"exclusivo","language_family":"latin","root":"excludere","root_meaning":"to shut out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"exclusive","meaning":"limited to select few","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"exclusif","meaning":"shutting out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excludere","meaning":"to shut out, exclude","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exclude","exclusion","exclusively","exclusivity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limited","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restricted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"select","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"9c972cd0-af45-4e98-ad91-ed592fbd327f","word":"excuse","definition":"A reason given to justify a fault or to release someone from an obligation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"excusa","language_family":"french","root":"escuser","root_meaning":"to pardon, forgive","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"excūsāre","meaning":"To release from a charge, apologize, from ex + causa.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"escuser","meaning":"To pardon, forgive, justify.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"excuse","meaning":"A justification, pardon.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"excusa","meaning":"Excuse.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["excusable","inexcusable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"justification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pretext","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"4ebc455e-c76c-4f39-9eb6-d2d5b85e99a0","word":"execute","definition":"To carry out or put into effect a plan or action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ejecutar","language_family":"latin","root":"exsequī","root_meaning":"to follow out, carry out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"exsequī","meaning":"To follow out, accomplish.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"execute","meaning":"To carry out, perform.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"ejecutar","meaning":"To execute, carry out.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["execution","executive","executor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"implement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"perform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carry out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"747fc32b-36be-4c61-bfb6-e96a5528c450","word":"execution","definition":"The carrying out or accomplishment of a plan, order, or course of action; the act of putting a condemned person to death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ejecución","language_family":"french","root":"executio","root_meaning":"a carrying out, accomplishing","root_language":"Old French / Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ex- + *sequ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"execution","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"execucion","meaning":"a carrying out, accomplishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"executio","meaning":"a carrying out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["execute","executive","executor","consequence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"implementation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"performance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capital punishment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"cf16b88a-ab69-4ea2-a80d-ad2e480363eb","word":"executioner","definition":"An executioner is a person whose job is to carry out capital punishment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"executio","root_meaning":"a carrying out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"executioner","meaning":"a person who carries out capital punishment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"execution","meaning":"the carrying out of an action or sentence","children":[{"era":"classical/1100s","word":"execute","meaning":"to carry out, perform, or put to death","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"executio","meaning":"a carrying out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin/French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["execute","execution","executor","executive","executed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hangman","formality":"informal"},{"word":"headsman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hanger","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"07eee66e-0fe6-40f8-8e06-a96d2b5f642b","word":"executive","definition":"A person or department responsible for executing or administering policies and decisions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ejecutivo","language_family":"latin","root":"exsequi","root_meaning":"to follow out, execute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"executive","meaning":"one who executes or administers","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"executive","meaning":"carrying out, executing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exsequi","meaning":"to follow out, execute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["execute","execution","executive","executor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administrator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"b71310c9-d007-4516-8ea7-d09726392cc9","word":"exempt","definition":"Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"exento","language_family":"latin","root":"exemptus","root_meaning":"taken out, freed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*em-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exempt","meaning":"free from obligation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exempt","meaning":"freed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exemptus","meaning":"taken out, freed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exemption","exemptible","redeem","consume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immune","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excused","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"privileged","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"5df7d651-daeb-46ac-b286-876ee767634c","word":"exemption","definition":"The action of being freed from an obligation or liability imposed on others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exención","language_family":"latin","root":"exemptio","root_meaning":"a freeing, release","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exemption","meaning":"The action of being freed from an obligation or liability imposed on others.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exemptiō","meaning":"a freeing, release","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exemptus","meaning":"set free, taken out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eximere","meaning":"to take out, remove","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"emere","meaning":"to buy, take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exempt","pre-empt","redeem","consume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immunity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispensation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"privilege","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"58e0793c-5006-48c9-9607-175852239bd8","word":"exercise","definition":"Activity requiring physical effort to sustain health.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ejercicio","language_family":"latin","root":"exercitium","root_meaning":"training, exercise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"exercēre","meaning":"To keep busy, train, practice.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exercise","meaning":"Physical or mental activity.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ejercicio","meaning":"Exercise, practice.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["exerciser","exercising","exertion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"workout","formality":"informal"},{"word":"training","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exertion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"e8fd490a-7379-4dcf-a974-2589892964b8","word":"exhale","definition":"To breathe out air from the lungs.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exhalar","language_family":"latin","root":"exhalare","root_meaning":"to breathe out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exhale","meaning":"to breathe out","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exhaler","meaning":"to exhale","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exhalare","meaning":"to breathe out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"halare","meaning":"to breathe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inhale","hale","anhelation","halation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breathe out","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sigh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"3675b458-d90e-4c93-8f6f-4a64c52ba268","word":"exhaust","definition":"To use up entirely; to tire out completely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exhaustar","language_family":"latin","root":"exhaurire","root_meaning":"to draw out, drain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exhaust","meaning":"To use up entirely","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exhausten","meaning":"to draw off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exhaurire","meaning":"to draw out, drain dry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"haurire","meaning":"to draw (water)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exhaustive","exhausted","exhaustion","drain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deplete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"92439511-2e45-47c1-9e0e-cc79e4dd86d5","word":"exhaustion","definition":"Exhaustion is a state of extreme fatigue or depletion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exhaustión","language_family":"latin","root":"exhaurire","root_meaning":"to draw out; drain dry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exhaustion","meaning":"a state of extreme fatigue or depletion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exhaustio","meaning":"a draining out or drawing off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exhaurire","meaning":"to draw out, drain dry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exhaust","exhausted","exhausting","exhaustive","exhaustible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fatigue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weariness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lassitude","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"03431e1c-c034-4e64-9135-202beb7d0aae","word":"exhibit","definition":"To publicly display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exhibir","language_family":"latin","root":"exhibere","root_meaning":"to hold forth, show, display","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exhibit","meaning":"to display publicly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exhibere","meaning":"to hold forth, show, display, present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"habere","meaning":"to have, hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["habit","prohibit","able","habeas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"1ff02e08-6688-4372-842f-7cbd89f6a6e1","word":"exhibition","definition":"A public display of works of art or other items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exhibición","language_family":"latin","root":"exhibere","root_meaning":"to hold out, display","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exhibition","meaning":"public display","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exhibition","meaning":"display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exhibere","meaning":"to hold out, display","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exhibit","inhibit","habit","prohibit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exposition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"b827f84b-caf3-491d-ba08-750e62282151","word":"exile","definition":"The state of being barred from one's native country, typically for political or punitive reasons; also to send someone into this state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exilio","language_family":"latin","root":"exilium","root_meaning":"banishment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Exile","meaning":"banishment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"exil","meaning":"banishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exilium","meaning":"banishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"salire","meaning":"to leap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["banish","expatriate","expel","expulsion","exilic","excommunicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"banishment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expulsion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deportation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ostracism","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"129f2b02-5155-44bb-a056-3004c1bc4329","word":"exist","definition":"To have objective reality or being.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"existir","language_family":"latin","root":"exsistere","root_meaning":"to step out, emerge, exist","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"exsistere","meaning":"To step forth, emerge, come into being.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"exist","meaning":"To have being.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"existir","meaning":"To exist.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["existence","existing","existential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"be","formality":"informal"},{"word":"subsist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"live","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"d6a29437-f549-4238-b488-41499536f99a","word":"existence","definition":"Existence is the fact or state of living or having objective reality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"existencia","language_family":"latin","root":"exsistere","root_meaning":"to step out, appear, exist","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"existence","meaning":"the state of living or having reality","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"existence","meaning":"existence","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"existentia","meaning":"existence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exsistere","meaning":"to step out, appear, exist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exist","existent","insist","resist","assist","consist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"being","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"actuality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"b29d045d-0dcf-49dc-929c-6bbbb49b32e3","word":"existing","definition":"Currently present or in being; not yet destroyed or removed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"existente","language_family":"latin","root":"existere","root_meaning":"to stand forth or emerge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"existing","meaning":"currently present in being","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exist","meaning":"to be, to have being","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"existere","meaning":"to stand out, emerge, exist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exist","existence","existent","existential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"current","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prevailing","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"64941b7e-f63c-42a8-b57d-ced983671466","word":"exorcism","definition":"Exorcism is the ritual of driving out or banishing an evil spirit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exorcismo","language_family":"greek","root":"horkos","root_meaning":"oath","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exorcism","meaning":"the ritual of expelling an evil spirit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exorcismus","meaning":"exorcism","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exorkismos","meaning":"exorcism; administration of an oath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exorkizein","meaning":"to bind by oath; to exorcise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"horkos","meaning":"oath","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exorcise","exorcist","exorcize","exorcization","adjuration","conjuration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"banishment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expulsion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjuration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"8ea60d7d-c6fc-4608-b752-12e469f30170","word":"exotic","definition":"Originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"exótico","language_family":"greek","root":"exotikos","root_meaning":"foreign, from outside","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exotic","meaning":"foreign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exoticus","meaning":"foreign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exotikos","meaning":"foreign, from outside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exo","meaning":"outside","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exoteric","exodus","exoskeleton","exobiology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foreign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alien","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"7695a97b-a36d-4ba5-a13d-6a652a7d2d6d","word":"expand","definition":"To increase in size, number, or importance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"expandir","language_family":"latin","root":"pandere","root_meaning":"to spread, to open","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expand","meaning":"to increase in size","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expandere","meaning":"to spread out, to extend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pandere","meaning":"to spread, to open","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expansive","expansion","pan","pace","patent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enlarge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"widen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amplify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"67de6c53-0408-451f-b8e8-bc125fed9685","word":"expansion","definition":"The action of becoming larger or more extensive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"expansión","language_family":"latin","root":"expandere","root_meaning":"to spread out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spand-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expansion","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"expansioun","meaning":"expansion","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"post-classical","word":"expansio","meaning":"a spreading out","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"expandere","meaning":"to spread out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expand","expansive","extent","span","encompass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"growth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enlargement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spread","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"31c8a412-ccd5-4def-921e-4c081117bda5","word":"expect","definition":"To regard something as likely to happen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"esperar","language_family":"latin","root":"exspectāre","root_meaning":"to look out for, await","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"exspectāre","meaning":"To look out for, await, hope.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"expect","meaning":"To anticipate, look forward to.","language":"English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"esperar","meaning":"To expect, hope, wait.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["expectation","expected","unexpected"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anticipate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"await","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"count on","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"f22acc02-376d-422b-a796-eeebe521c0c0","word":"expectation","definition":"A strong belief that something will happen or be the case.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"expectación","language_family":"latin","root":"expectare","root_meaning":"to look out for, await","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expectation","meaning":"a belief about what will happen","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"expectacion","meaning":"an awaiting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expectatio","meaning":"an awaiting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expectare","meaning":"to look out for, await","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expect","expectant","inspect","spectacle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anticipation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"8b1980b7-3b03-406c-83f1-f393b33b7ef4","word":"expected","definition":"Regarded as probable or likely to happen; anticipated or looked forward to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"esperado","language_family":"latin","root":"expectare","root_meaning":"to look out for, to await","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expected","meaning":"anticipated or looked forward to","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"expect","meaning":"to look for, to await","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expectare","meaning":"to look out for, to await","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expect","expectation","expectant","unexpected"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anticipated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"anticipated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"foreseen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"awaited","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"1c12af85-73b0-40d1-af53-664caf60fd56","word":"expedition","definition":"A journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially of exploration, scientific research, or war.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"expedición","language_family":"latin","root":"expedire","root_meaning":"to free, prepare, make ready, set right","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expedition","meaning":"journey with a purpose","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"expedicion","meaning":"expedition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expeditionem","meaning":"a setting forth, undertaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expedire","meaning":"to free, prepare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pes","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expedient","impede","pedal","pedestrian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quest","formality":"literary"},{"word":"venture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"campaign","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"631340e6-5477-4a62-b010-283e287e416e","word":"expel","definition":"To drive or send out, especially by force or authority.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"expulsar","language_family":"latin","root":"expellere","root_meaning":"to drive out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pelh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expel","meaning":"to drive out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expellere","meaning":"to drive out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pellere","meaning":"to drive","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*pelh₂-","meaning":"to strike, to thrust, to drive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compel","impulse","propel","repel","pulsate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eject","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"banish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"f912b541-c124-466c-a538-de00022ecb7b","word":"expenditure","definition":"The action of spending or using resources, or the amount spent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"expendere","root_meaning":"to weigh out, pay out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expenditure","meaning":"spending or using resources","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"expenditure","meaning":"disbursement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"expendre","meaning":"to spend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expendere","meaning":"to weigh out, pay out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pendere","meaning":"to weigh, hang","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spend","expense","dependent","pendant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outlay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disbursement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"a8a971f3-c4ba-454c-b289-7cb38247e966","word":"expense","definition":"The cost incurred in an activity or undertaking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"expensa","language_family":"latin","root":"expensa","root_meaning":"money paid out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expense","meaning":"The cost incurred in an activity or undertaking","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"expense","meaning":"expense, cost","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expensa","meaning":"money paid out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expendere","meaning":"to weigh out, pay out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pendere","meaning":"to weigh, to pay","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expend","expensive","append","depend","suspend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expenditure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"4cc32092-ea4e-494f-bc48-fb26a5d8f312","word":"expensive","definition":"Costing a lot of money.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"expensivo","language_family":"latin","root":"expendere","root_meaning":"to pay out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expensive","meaning":"costing a lot","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"expensif","meaning":"costly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expensus","meaning":"paid out, disbursed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expendere","meaning":"to pay out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expense","expend","expenditure","inexpensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"costly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pricey","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"43bcba30-0dd8-44b1-84ce-d1df2a26af3b","word":"experience","definition":"Practical contact with and observation of facts or events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"experiencia","language_family":"latin","root":"experientia","root_meaning":"trial, proof, experiment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"experientia","meaning":"Trial, proof, knowledge from testing.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"experience","meaning":"Knowledge from doing.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"experiencia","meaning":"Experience.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["experienced","experiment","experiential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expertise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"know-how","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"93c131b8-eb74-456b-b780-91747b6f73e8","word":"experiment","definition":"A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"experimento","language_family":"latin","root":"experimentum","root_meaning":"a trial, proof, test","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"experiment","meaning":"A scientific procedure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"experimentum","meaning":"a trial, proof, test","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"experiri","meaning":"to try, to test","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*per-","meaning":"to try, risk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["experience","expert","peril","empirical","prove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"test","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"research","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"8dedf96b-5540-4ae1-bbdc-da39a5cf4944","word":"experimental","definition":"Relating to, based on, or used in an experiment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"experimental","language_family":"latin","root":"experimentum","root_meaning":"trial, test, proof","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"experimental","meaning":"relating to experiments","children":[{"era":"current","word":"experiment","meaning":"a scientific procedure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"experimentum","meaning":"trial, test, proof","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"experiri","meaning":"to try, to test","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*per-","meaning":"to try, to risk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["experiment","experience","expert","peril"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preliminary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innovative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provisional","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"7f4b7bdb-6ef9-4302-88e6-6664513e01c5","word":"expert","definition":"A person who has comprehensive knowledge or skill in a particular area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"experto","language_family":"latin","root":"expertus","root_meaning":"tried, tested, experienced","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"expert","meaning":"skilled person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expertus","meaning":"tried, tested, experienced","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"experiri","meaning":"to try, to test","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"peritus","meaning":"experienced, skilled","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["expertise","experience","experiment","expedient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specialist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authority","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"professional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"efd9ff80-7238-4b6d-a3f4-69c123dba4ce","word":"expertise","definition":"Expert skill or knowledge in a particular field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"experticia","language_family":"french","root":"expert","root_meaning":"experienced, skilled","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expertise","meaning":"expert skill","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"expertise","meaning":"expert report, skill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expert","meaning":"experienced, skilled","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expert","experienced","experiment","inexpert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proficiency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knowledge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"84f9363f-251a-4faf-adb7-510a04a2eef9","word":"experts","definition":"People who have comprehensive knowledge or skill in a particular area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"experto","language_family":"latin","root":"expertus","root_meaning":"tried, tested, experienced","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"experts","meaning":"people with specialized knowledge","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"expert","meaning":"experienced person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expertus","meaning":"tried, tested","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expertise","expert","expertly","inexpert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specialist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authority","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pro","formality":"informal"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"969d3c93-d1ed-4194-a002-77a980ecf59f","word":"expiration","definition":"The act of breathing out; the termination of a period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"expiración","language_family":"latin","root":"expirare","root_meaning":"breathe out, die, cease","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*speis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expiration","meaning":"The act of breathing out; the termination of a period of time.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"expiracion","meaning":"breathing out, last breath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expirare","meaning":"breathe out, die, cease (from ex- 'out' + spirare 'breathe')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expire","breath","spirit","respiration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"termination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"b4377bb2-961a-4250-b00a-65e45630f43e","word":"expire","definition":"To come to an end; to be no longer valid or effective.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"expirar","language_family":"latin","root":"exspirare","root_meaning":"to breathe out, die","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expire","meaning":"To come to an end","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"expirer","meaning":"to breathe out, die","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exspirare","meaning":"to breathe out, die","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expiration","spirit","respire","inspire","aspire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terminate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conclude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elapse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"0a6e4e63-9867-4b9e-93e7-3b30b6082cd5","word":"explain","definition":"To make an idea or situation clear by describing it in detail.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"explicar","language_family":"latin","root":"explānāre","root_meaning":"to make plain, flatten out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"explānāre","meaning":"To flatten out, make plain.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"explain","meaning":"To make clear, clarify.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"explicar","meaning":"To explain.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["explanation","explanatory","explainable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clarify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elucidate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spell out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a841e2b2-569d-474c-adf7-4c0657a95d1c","word":"explanation","definition":"The act or process of making something clear or understandable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"explicación","language_family":"latin","root":"explanare","root_meaning":"flatten, spread out, explain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"explanation","meaning":"The act or process of making something clear or understandable.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"esplanacion","meaning":"explanation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explanatio","meaning":"explanation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explanare","meaning":"to explain, flatten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planus","meaning":"flat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explain","planar","plane","plain","explicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elucidation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clarification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interpretation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"ab88691f-b2c7-4e3c-8976-3581cd81e94b","word":"explicit","definition":"Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"explícito","language_family":"latin","root":"explicare","root_meaning":"unfold, unroll, explain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"explicit","meaning":"Stated clearly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explicitus","meaning":"unfolded, set forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explicare","meaning":"unfold, unroll, explain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explicate","inexplicable","complicate","ply","display"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unambiguous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overt","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"07513257-0293-4e1a-9a6a-4a921dd6f505","word":"explode","definition":"To burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion, sudden pressure, or impact.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"explotar","language_family":"latin","root":"explodere","root_meaning":"to drive out by clapping, hiss off stage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"explode","meaning":"to burst violently","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"exploder","meaning":"to hiss off the stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explodere","meaning":"to drive out by clapping, hiss off stage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explosion","explosive","implode","plosion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detonate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shatter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"378140ae-9f2a-467c-93e7-7493fc3e3a87","word":"exploit","definition":"To make full use of and derive benefit from a resource, or to use a person or situation in an unfair or selfish way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"explotar","language_family":"french","root":"espleitier","root_meaning":"to accomplish, carry out, make use of","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exploit","meaning":"to use or take advantage of","children":[{"era":"12th-13th century","word":"espleitier","meaning":"to accomplish, carry out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explicare","meaning":"to unfold, explain, perform","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apply","complex","imply","deploy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"utilize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leverage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manipulate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"201903cf-54e0-43db-baf7-885ed128f363","word":"exploration","definition":"The act of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exploración","language_family":"latin","root":"explorare","root_meaning":"to search out, investigate, examine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exploration","meaning":"The act of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"exploracion","meaning":"exploration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exploratio","meaning":"a searching out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explorare","meaning":"to search out, investigate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plorare","meaning":"to cry out, weep (later interpreted as to search out)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explore","explorer","exploratory","implore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discovery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reconnaissance","formality":"technical"},{"word":"expedition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"9389eb90-5b08-4e2d-a373-b61a410b129e","word":"explore","definition":"To travel through or investigate something systematically to discover or understand it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"explorar","language_family":"latin","root":"explorare","root_meaning":"to search out, investigate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"explore","meaning":"to investigate or travel through","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"explore","meaning":"to search out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explorare","meaning":"to search out, examine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explorer","exploration","exploratory","explored"],"synonyms":[{"word":"investigate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"traverse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scout","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"7abba9f2-d057-4a83-bf31-dc1d66dd1783","word":"explorer","definition":"A person who explores an unfamiliar area; one who investigates or studies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"explorador","language_family":"latin","root":"explorare","root_meaning":"to search out, investigate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"explorer","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"explore","meaning":"to explore","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explorare","meaning":"to search out, investigate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plorare","meaning":"to cry out, make noise (in hunting/searching)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explore","exploration","exploratory","implore","discovery","searcher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discoverer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pioneer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adventurer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scout","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"41cfa6ee-6f1d-4288-a752-285b80d52b77","word":"explosion","definition":"A violent bursting with a loud noise and scattering of fragments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"explosión","language_family":"latin","root":"explodere","root_meaning":"to drive out by clapping, hiss off the stage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"explosion","meaning":"Violent bursting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explosiōnem","meaning":"a driving out, hissing off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explodere","meaning":"to drive out by clapping","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explode","explosive","implosion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detonation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"burst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eruption","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"2ba7bec9-d3ac-44be-b49a-921168019cdf","word":"explosive","definition":"A substance or device that can be made to explode.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"explosivo","language_family":"latin","root":"explodere","root_meaning":"to drive out by clapping, hiss off the stage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"explosive","meaning":"substance that explodes","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"explode","meaning":"burst forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"explodere","meaning":"drive out by clapping","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plaudere","meaning":"to clap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explode","explosion","implosion","plaudit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bomb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detonator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"be1343af-0119-4cde-af5b-d8077a0274bb","word":"export","definition":"To send goods or services to another country for sale.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exportar","language_family":"latin","root":"exportare","root_meaning":"to carry out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"export","meaning":"To send goods to another country.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exportare","meaning":"to carry out, to send forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"portare","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["import","porter","portable","transport"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"send","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispatch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"convey","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"860e2c37-4c63-468a-b6b7-66bc33c6c033","word":"exposure","definition":"The state of being exposed to or subjected to something, or the revealing of something hidden.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"exposición","language_family":"latin","root":"exponere","root_meaning":"to set forth, to expose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exposure","meaning":"state of being exposed","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"expose","meaning":"to uncover, reveal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exponere","meaning":"to set forth, expose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + ponere","meaning":"out + to place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expose","exposed","exposé","exposition","expositor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revelation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disclosure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unveiling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncovering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"11836752-d2e7-4deb-ada0-f7710029189b","word":"express","definition":"To convey a thought or feeling in words or actions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"expresar","language_family":"latin","root":"exprimere","root_meaning":"to press out, portray","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"exprimere","meaning":"To press out, represent, describe.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"express","meaning":"To convey, state.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"expresar","meaning":"To express.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["expression","expressive","expressly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"voice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"3106e3ae-b89f-4712-9890-8202b9ef58a4","word":"expressed","definition":"Conveyed a thought, feeling, or meaning through words or actions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"expresar","language_family":"latin","root":"exprimere","root_meaning":"to press out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expressed","meaning":"conveyed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"express","meaning":"to press out, describe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exprimere","meaning":"to press out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expression","expressive","impression","compression","repression"],"synonyms":[{"word":"articulated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"voiced","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T15:56:12.940Z"}
{"id":"5a448451-e576-4eed-bb04-96820599a94e","word":"expression","definition":"The action of expressing something, or a word, phrase, or facial feature that conveys meaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"expresión","language_family":"latin","root":"expressus","root_meaning":"pressed out, distinct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"expression","meaning":"action of expressing or manifestation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"expression","meaning":"action of pressing out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expressus","meaning":"pressed out, distinct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["express","expressing","expressive","expressed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"utterance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"phrase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"look","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"cba22a22-47aa-4baa-bc99-6c76a93ab95e","word":"exquisite","definition":"Extremely beautiful and delicate, or intensely felt.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"exquisito","language_family":"latin","root":"exquisitus","root_meaning":"sought out, chosen, excellent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exquisite","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"exquisite","meaning":"carefully sought out, excellent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exquisitus","meaning":"carefully sought out, chosen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exquirere","meaning":"to search out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inquest","query","require","acquire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elegant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beautiful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superb","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"d7de9f9c-6042-40b9-bb26-ea6ab3b6ac72","word":"extend","definition":"To stretch out or lengthen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"extender","language_family":"latin","root":"extendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out, to spread out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extend","meaning":"To stretch out or lengthen","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"estendre","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extendere","meaning":"to stretch out, to spread out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extension","extensive","distend","tendon","tensile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lengthen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stretch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prolong","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"286627af-7b01-40dc-9df3-6aedfb78f85a","word":"extended","definition":"Stretched out, enlarged, or prolonged in length or duration.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extendido","language_family":"latin","root":"extendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extended","meaning":"stretched out or prolonged","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"extend","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"extendre","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extendere","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extend","extent","extension","extensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prolonged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lengthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expanded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"78f54d12-8008-4752-9c33-9a7ef137e7e3","word":"extension","definition":"The action or process of extending something, or the length or degree to which something extends.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"extensión","language_family":"latin","root":"extendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extension","meaning":"action of extending or degree of extension","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"extension","meaning":"the fact of extending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extensio","meaning":"a stretching out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extendere","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*ten-","meaning":"to stretch, extend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extend","extended","extensive","extensor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expansion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lengthening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"continuation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prolongation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"274cd3a3-e806-42ee-be2a-13958a7611a2","word":"extensive","definition":"Covering a large area; far-reaching.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extenso","language_family":"latin","root":"extensivus","root_meaning":"extending, stretching out","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extensive","meaning":"covering a large area","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"extensif","meaning":"extensive","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"extensivus","meaning":"extending, stretching out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extensus","meaning":"stretched out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extendere","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of, from","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"tendere","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (past participle)"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extend","extension","distend","tendon","intensity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"widespread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"far-reaching","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"8de148ff-6324-4360-8195-1074e52a356b","word":"extent","definition":"The degree or scope to which something extends; the amount of space that an object or thing already occupies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"extensión","language_family":"latin","root":"extendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extent","meaning":"degree or scope","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"extente","meaning":"stretch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extendere","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extend","extensive","extension","extensible","tension"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"degree","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T15:56:12.940Z"}
{"id":"1a4589fa-ff8a-4fe8-aeae-2b4a57763905","word":"exterior","definition":"On or relating to the outside of something; external.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"exterior","language_family":"latin","root":"exterior","root_meaning":"outer, on the outside","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*egʰs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exterior","meaning":"outer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exterior","meaning":"outer, on the outside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exter","meaning":"outer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex","meaning":"out of, from","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["external","externalize","extract","exile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surface","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"18e9fb26-7b8c-4998-a0e6-fb03ebf9cdc4","word":"exterminate","definition":"To destroy or kill off completely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"exterminar","language_family":"latin","root":"exterminare","root_meaning":"to drive out, banish, destroy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"exterminate","meaning":"to destroy completely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exterminare","meaning":"to drive beyond the boundary; to destroy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"terminus","meaning":"boundary, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extermination","exterminator","terminate","terminal","terminus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eradicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"annihilate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"destroy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wipe out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"9e69d3d1-e9fd-44ec-9f27-02f75281774c","word":"external","definition":"Relating to or on the outside of something; outer.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"externo","language_family":"latin","root":"externus","root_meaning":"outward, external","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ex-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"external","meaning":"outer, outside","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"external","meaning":"external, outer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"externus","meaning":"outward, external","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["externally","externals","exterior","extern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exterior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outward","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"740b7df6-0563-4acd-ad54-7f6d5e28ee43","word":"extinct","definition":"No longer existing or living.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extinto","language_family":"latin","root":"extinctus","root_meaning":"quenched; put out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extinct","meaning":"no longer existing or living","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"extinct","meaning":"quenched, destroyed, no longer existing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extinctus","meaning":"quenched; put out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exstinguere","meaning":"to quench, extinguish, put out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + stinguere","meaning":"\"out\" + \"quench/sting\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extinction","extinguish","extinguishable","extinguished"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vanished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gone","formality":"informal"},{"word":"defunct","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"7ea3a9b5-d9c4-45f4-986c-267ecc3b1b09","word":"extinction","definition":"Extinction is the dying out or elimination of a species, language, custom, or other entity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"extinción","language_family":"latin","root":"stinguere","root_meaning":"to quench; extinguish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extinction","meaning":"the dying out or elimination of something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extinctio","meaning":"a quenching; extinguishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exstinguere","meaning":"to quench; put out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out; thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stinguere","meaning":"to quench","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extinct","extinguish","extinguishment","extinguishable","extinctional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eradication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elimination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annihilation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extirpation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"dc75ad9f-7ef7-4c1d-853e-47217ef2aaac","word":"extortion","definition":"The practice of obtaining something, especially money, by force, threats, or abuse of authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"extorsión","language_family":"latin","root":"extorquere","root_meaning":"to twist out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extortion","meaning":"obtaining something by force, threats, or abuse of authority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extortionem","meaning":"a twisting out; violent wresting away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extorquere","meaning":"to twist out, wrest away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + torquere","meaning":"out + to twist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"torquere","meaning":"to twist, turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extort","extortionate","extortioner","extorsion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blackmail","formality":"informal"},{"word":"coercion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exaction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"74bbf072-6ba0-4813-b2bb-d2945447eb5e","word":"extra","definition":"More than what is usual, necessary, or expected; additional.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extra","language_family":"latin","root":"extra","root_meaning":"outside, beyond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extra","meaning":"additional, beyond usual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extra","meaning":"outside, beyond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exter","meaning":"on the outside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extras","extraordinary","extracurricular","extract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"additional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supplementary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excess","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"8ddd3b65-2778-4411-9f93-af1e50d04589","word":"extract","definition":"To draw or pull out (something) with effort.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"extraer","language_family":"latin","root":"extrahere","root_meaning":"to draw out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extract","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extractus","meaning":"drawn out (past participle of extrahere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + trahere","meaning":"out + to draw, drag","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*trag-","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tractor","traction","subtract","portray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"withdraw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pull","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"d3309d07-3738-4bc6-a3fb-839becbd90fa","word":"extraction","definition":"The act or process of drawing out or pulling out something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"extracción","language_family":"latin","root":"extrahere","root_meaning":"to draw out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extraction","meaning":"act of drawing out","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"extraction","meaning":"extraction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extrahere","meaning":"to draw out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["extract","traction","tractor","attract","retract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"removal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"withdrawal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drawing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"2006f00e-a359-4eaa-9727-0678139790a6","word":"extraordinary","definition":"Beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extraordinario","language_family":"latin","root":"extraordinarius","root_meaning":"beyond the ordinary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extraordinary","meaning":"beyond ordinary","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"extraordinaire","meaning":"out of the usual course","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extraordinarius","meaning":"beyond the ordinary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extra","meaning":"outside of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ordinarius","meaning":"orderly, regular","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ordinary","extra","order","ordinance","ordinarily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remarkable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exceptional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"uncommon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"106863d2-3457-4ce3-9b2d-dd0dd9f62534","word":"extraterrestrial","definition":"Relating to a life form, object, or phenomenon from outside Earth or its atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extraterrestre","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin terra","root_meaning":"earth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extraterrestrial","meaning":"from or outside Earth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extra-","meaning":"outside; beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"terrestris","meaning":"of the earth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terra","meaning":"earth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrestrial","extraterritorial","territory","terrain","terraform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alien","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nonterrestrial","formality":"technical"},{"word":"off-world","formality":"informal"},{"word":"extramundane","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"10e516cb-8338-44b0-959d-16affa886c02","word":"extravagant","definition":"Excessive, wasteful, or beyond what is reasonable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extravagante","language_family":"latin","root":"vagari","root_meaning":"to wander","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extravagant","meaning":"excessive, wasteful, or beyond what is reasonable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"extravagant","meaning":"wandering beyond bounds; excessive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"extravagant","meaning":"wandering outside proper limits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extravagans","meaning":"wandering beyond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extra- + vagari","meaning":"outside + to wander","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extravagance","extravagantly","extravagantness","extravagate","vagrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lavish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excessive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wasteful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"dbe006fb-107e-4918-9499-585b75e1c111","word":"extreme","definition":"Reaching the highest degree or farthest point.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extremo","language_family":"latin","root":"extremus","root_meaning":"outermost, furthest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extreme","meaning":"of the highest degree","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"extreme","meaning":"outermost, greatest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extremus","meaning":"outermost; superlative of exterus (outer)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extremely","extremity","extremist","extremism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excessive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"utmost","formality":"formal"},{"word":"radical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"severe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"713773c3-045a-48fd-b160-cb687913f7e2","word":"extremely","definition":"To a very great degree; in an extreme manner; used as an intensifier modifying adjectives or adverbs.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"extremadamente","language_family":"latin","root":"extremus","root_meaning":"outermost, utmost, the farthest point","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*eghs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"extremely","meaning":"to a very great degree","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"extreme + -ly","meaning":"in an extreme manner","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"extreme","meaning":"outermost, utmost","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extremus","meaning":"outermost, last, utmost","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exter / exterus","meaning":"on the outside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Middle French"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extreme","extremism","extremist","extremity","extraneous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exceedingly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tremendously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utterly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vastly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"9c6bb3fa-828a-436f-83dc-aeafd8a0b1c5","word":"eye","definition":"The organ of sight in humans and animals that detects light and color.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ojo","language_family":"germanic","root":"eage","root_meaning":"eye","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*okw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eye","meaning":"organ of vision","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eage","meaning":"eye","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"aug-","meaning":"to see, perceive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eyeball","eyelid","eyesight","eyebrow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vision organ","formality":"formal"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"},{"word":"peeper","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"612e4e45-9576-4ed3-a427-5b723fd03577","word":"eyeball","definition":"An eyeball is the spherical organ of sight within the eye socket.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eyeball","meaning":"the spherical organ of sight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eye","meaning":"the organ of sight","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"c. 1400","word":"ball","meaning":"a spherical body or globe","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eye","eyed","eyeballs","eyeballing","ball"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"globe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"14b7b2a4-2faf-4df4-97d2-93c6fd72db3c","word":"eyebrow","definition":"The strip of hair growing on the ridge above a person's eye.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eaȝebreo","root_meaning":"eye-brow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃ekʷ- + *bʰrū-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eyebrow","meaning":"strip of hair above the eye","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"eiebroue","meaning":"eyebrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eaȝebreo","meaning":"eyebrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eaȝe","meaning":"eye","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"breu","meaning":"brow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eye","brow","eyelash","eyelid","forehead","supercilium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supercilium","formality":"technical"},{"word":"brow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"e4469132-0482-4e9d-b24d-b00d177baacf","word":"eyelid","definition":"Either of the two folds of skin, upper or lower, that can close over the eyeball to protect and moisten it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ēage + hlid","root_meaning":"eye + cover, lid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃ekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eyelid","meaning":"skin fold covering the eye","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"eye + lid","meaning":"compound: eye-cover","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēage","meaning":"eye","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*augô","meaning":"eye","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*h₃ekʷ-","meaning":"eye, to see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlid","meaning":"cover, top, lid","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*hlidą","meaning":"cover, that which closes","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*klei-","meaning":"to lean, incline, cover","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eye","lid","eyelash","eyebrow","eyelet","eyeliner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"palpebra","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lid","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"dffb46e1-9803-45c9-be69-4c2bdbc3719e","word":"eyes","definition":"The plural form of eye; organs of sight that allow vision.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ojo","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English eage","root_meaning":"eye","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*augon","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eyes","meaning":"plural of eye, organs of vision","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eye","meaning":"organ of sight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eage","meaning":"eye","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eye","eyed","eyeball","eyesight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orbs","formality":"literary"},{"word":"peepers","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vision","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"077ec3f0-ee98-4966-ba00-ab4af967ef9c","word":"eyesight","definition":"The faculty or power of seeing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eyesight","meaning":"the faculty or power of seeing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eye","meaning":"the organ of sight","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sight","meaning":"vision; the act or faculty of seeing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eye","eyeball","eyelid","sight","sighted","sightless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visual acuity","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"af2ae790-0903-489f-bd0b-bc69d409c285","word":"eyewitness","definition":"A person who has seen something happen and can give a first-hand description of it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eye, witness","root_meaning":"organ of sight; knowledge, testimony","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"eyewitness","meaning":"person who saw something firsthand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eye","meaning":"organ of sight","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"witness","meaning":"knowledge, testimony","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["eye","witness","eyewitnessing","testify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spectator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bystander","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"c4029c1c-e13f-41a5-92b3-bec77b1ce873","word":"fabulous","definition":"Extraordinary, especially in being legendary or mythical, or remarkably good or wonderful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fabuloso","language_family":"latin","root":"fabula","root_meaning":"story, fable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bha-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fabulous","meaning":"extraordinary, legendary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fabulosus","meaning":"legendary, full of fables","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fabula","meaning":"story, tale, fable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bha-","meaning":"to speak, tell, say","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fable","confabulate","ineffable","narrative","story"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legendary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mythical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amazing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wonderful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"3eddb117-2668-40b2-8bdf-74f7423477f8","word":"face","definition":"The front part of a person's head from forehead to chin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"faz","language_family":"french","root":"facia","root_meaning":"form, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*dheh1-","etymology_tree":{"era":"200s BCE","word":"facies","meaning":"Form, appearance, face.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"face","meaning":"The face.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"face","meaning":"The front of a person's head.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"faz","meaning":"Face, surface.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["facial","surface","facade","efface"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"countenance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:41:10.030Z"}
{"id":"bfacacb5-fb9b-45c4-b84d-e178cbc11703","word":"facial","definition":"Relating to the face.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"facial","language_family":"latin","root":"facies","root_meaning":"face, form, shape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"facial","meaning":"Relating to the face","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facialis","meaning":"of the face","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facies","meaning":"face, form, shape","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["face","facade","deface","surface"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frontal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"physiognomic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"orofacial","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"9a7c0011-00ce-4520-bf20-ac29b5fbcea1","word":"facilitate","definition":"To make an action or process easy or easier.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"facilitar","language_family":"latin","root":"facilis","root_meaning":"easy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"facilitate","meaning":"make easy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"faciliter","meaning":"to make easy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facilis","meaning":"easy to do, easy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["facile","facility","difficult","factory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expedite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"smooth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"b4980eff-7bf9-4f4f-9f90-f5fce76d8ef8","word":"facilities","definition":"Buildings, services, or equipment provided for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"facilidades","language_family":"latin","root":"facilis","root_meaning":"easy, agreeable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh- (to make, do)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"facilities","meaning":"buildings and services","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"facility","meaning":"ease, readiness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facilitas","meaning":"ease, readiness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["facility","facilitate","facile","easily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amenities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"infrastructure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"services","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"917452af-e10a-4ea4-a8db-3386a75371a6","word":"facility","definition":"A building, infrastructure, or service designed for a particular purpose, or the quality of being easily performed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"facilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"facilis","root_meaning":"easy, capable of being done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"facility","meaning":"installed infrastructure or ease","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"facilité","meaning":"ease, readiness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facilis","meaning":"easy, manageable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to do, to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["facile","facilitate","facilities","facilitator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"installation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"building","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"b86ff932-e0c3-4354-86b4-e67fca06d1f0","word":"fact","definition":"A thing that is known or proved to be true.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hecho","language_family":"latin","root":"factum","root_meaning":"a thing done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*dhe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*dhe-","meaning":"To set, to put.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"facere","meaning":"To do, to make.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"factum","meaning":"A deed, something done.","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"fact","meaning":"A deed; then an established truth.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"hecho","meaning":"Done; a fact (from Latin factus).","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["factor","factory","artifact","manufacture","perfect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"truth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"datum","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2aacc6bf-c82d-47d0-b1db-f8301de4045c","word":"factor","definition":"A circumstance or element that contributes to a result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"factor","language_family":"latin","root":"factor","root_meaning":"doer, maker","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"facere","meaning":"To do, make.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"factor","meaning":"An element contributing to a result.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"factor","meaning":"Factor, agent.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["factory","manufacture","factoring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"element","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"component","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aspect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ac43fb7f-a2c9-4b96-85c4-d34cc4519716","word":"factors","definition":"Elements or circumstances that contribute to a result or produce an effect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"factores","language_family":"latin","root":"facere","root_meaning":"to do, to make","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"factors","meaning":"contributing elements or agents","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"factor","meaning":"one who does or makes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"facteur","meaning":"maker, agent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to do, to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["factor","factory","factotum","manufacture","artifact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elements","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"components","formality":"technical"},{"word":"circumstances","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contributors","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"2abc1a33-96b9-4dd2-bc42-eebee0cdcbe3","word":"factory","definition":"A building where goods are manufactured or assembled, typically by machinery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"factoría","language_family":"latin","root":"facere","root_meaning":"to make or do","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"factory","meaning":"place of manufacture","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"factory","meaning":"establishment of traders in a foreign country","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"factoría","meaning":"trading post or factorage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"factorius","meaning":"relating to doing or making","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make or do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["factor","factorize","manufacture","factitious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"works","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"02805a41-17d3-47ac-a614-4a31d0e95a00","word":"facts","definition":"Plural of fact; things known to be true or events that have actually occurred.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hecho","language_family":"latin","root":"factum","root_meaning":"deed, action, thing done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"facts","meaning":"true events or things","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fact","meaning":"something done, an event","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"factum","meaning":"deed, action, thing done","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to do, to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fact","factual","factor","factory","faction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"truths","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"realities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"events","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"93896f8e-5d3e-4d92-809a-5f84c06266f5","word":"faculty","definition":"The teaching staff of a school or university, or an inherent mental or physical ability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"facultad","language_family":"latin","root":"facultas","root_meaning":"ability, capability, power","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"faculty","meaning":"teaching staff or inherent ability","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"faculte","meaning":"ability, capacity, power","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facultas","meaning":"capability, ability, power","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["facile","facilitate","faction","faculty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"staff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capacity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"312492af-c8ba-4c58-985c-e891bdfc742d","word":"fad","definition":"A short-lived craze or enthusiasm adopted briefly by many people before quickly passing out of fashion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"faddle","root_meaning":"to trifle or play about","root_language":"dialectal English","root_era":"1700s–1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fad","meaning":"short-lived craze","children":[{"era":"1700s–1800s","word":"faddle","meaning":"to trifle or play about","children":[],"language":"Dialectal English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["faddish","faddism","faddist","faddy","fads"],"synonyms":[{"word":"craze","formality":"informal"},{"word":"trend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vogue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mania","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"fb8f674b-dfbb-4aef-a63b-9f4633f53356","word":"fade","definition":"To gradually grow faint, dim, or indistinct; to lose freshness or vitality.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fader","root_meaning":"to vanish, disappear, wither","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*fatigare","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fade","meaning":"To gradually grow faint, dim, or indistinct.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fader","meaning":"to vanish, disappear, wither","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*fatigare","meaning":"to tire out, weary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fading","faded","fadeless","fad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diminish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vanish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disappear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"d4fd44d0-7b34-441f-9d8e-38c8d78e6151","word":"fag","definition":"A cigarette.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fag","root_meaning":"to droop, tire","root_language":"English (dialectal)","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fag","meaning":"a cigarette","children":[{"era":"late 19th century","word":"fag-end","meaning":"butt of a cigarette or cigar","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"fag","meaning":"to droop, tire","children":[],"language":"English (dialectal)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fag-end","flag","fagging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cigarette","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smoke","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dart","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"02ea0392-bd37-45ed-86e5-93b1933b68a3","word":"faggot","definition":"A bundle of sticks or twigs bound together for use as fuel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fajo","language_family":"french","root":"fagot","root_meaning":"bundle of sticks","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"faggot","meaning":"A bundle of sticks or twigs bound together as fuel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fagot","meaning":"bundle of sticks","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bundle","fascine","fag","package"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bundle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sheaf","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"032d446d-aff6-4b3c-baed-b1987916e609","word":"fail","definition":"To be unsuccessful in achieving a goal; to neglect to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"fallar","language_family":"french","root":"faillir","root_meaning":"to fail, to miss","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*phel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"300s BCE","word":"fallere","meaning":"To deceive, to disappoint.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"faillir","meaning":"To fail, to miss.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fail","meaning":"To not succeed.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"fallar","meaning":"To fail, to miss.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["failure","unfailing","failsafe","infallible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"falter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fall short","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"ffb330dd-9de5-41e8-ad65-20ac650b3e3e","word":"failed","definition":"Past tense of fail; did not succeed in accomplishing something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"fallar","language_family":"latin","root":"fallere","root_meaning":"to deceive, to be lacking","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"failed","meaning":"did not succeed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fail","meaning":"to be lacking, to fall short","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"failer","meaning":"to lack, to fail","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fallere","meaning":"to deceive, to be lacking","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["failure","fail","failing","failsafe","default"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unsuccessful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flopped","formality":"informal"},{"word":"collapsed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foundered","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"ebd05691-3b76-4a36-a937-cc34c25beebf","word":"failure","definition":"The lack of success in achieving a goal or the state of ceasing to function.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"falla","language_family":"french","root":"fallire","root_meaning":"to deceive, fall short","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"failure","meaning":"lack of success","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"failure","meaning":"act of failing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"faillir","meaning":"to fail, fall short","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fallire","meaning":"to deceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fail","failing","failed","failure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"defeat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collapse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiasco","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"e5ba03d5-e85b-4d53-b75c-9a752789f6ef","word":"faint","definition":"(Of a sight, sound, or smell) barely perceptible; indistinct; also, to lose consciousness temporarily.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"feint","root_meaning":"feigned, sham, languid, lazy","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"faint","meaning":"barely perceptible","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"feynt","meaning":"weak, feeble, feigned","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"feint","meaning":"feigned, sham, languid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fingere","meaning":"to feign, imagine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feign","feint","fiction","figment","effigy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indistinct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feeble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"07b74ffb-91df-4161-8e01-c0929649a35f","word":"fair","definition":"Just, impartial, or free from prejudice; also, of light complexion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"feria","language_family":"germanic","root":"fægr","root_meaning":"suitable, pleasing, beautiful","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*fag- (fitting, suitable)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fair","meaning":"just, impartial","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fair","meaning":"beautiful, just","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fægr","meaning":"suitable, pleasing, beautiful","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fairness","fairly","unfair","fairy","fairing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"just","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impartial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"equitable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unbiased","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"aa3ef071-e09b-4e8d-800e-3989cd700e23","word":"fairly","definition":"In a just or appropriate manner; to some degree but not completely.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fægerlice","root_meaning":"beautifully, justly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fairly","meaning":"In a just or appropriate manner; to some degree but not completely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fægerlice","meaning":"beautifully, justly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæger","meaning":"beautiful, pleasing, just","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*fagraz","meaning":"suitable, fitting","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*pag-","meaning":"to fasten, fix","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fair","beauty","fiesta","pact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"justly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equitably","formality":"formal"},{"word":"somewhat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moderately","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"3947d40d-6355-4a99-b0e1-3ac16c6b8e38","word":"fairness","definition":"The quality of being fair, impartial, or just.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fæġer","root_meaning":"beautiful, pleasant, fair","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fagraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fairness","meaning":"the quality of being fair or impartial","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fair","meaning":"beautiful, pleasant, fair","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæġernes","meaning":"fairness; beauty; pleasantness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæġer","meaning":"beautiful, pleasant, fair","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fair","fairly","unfair","fair-minded","fairness doctrine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impartiality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"justice","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"7f85767c-a853-4db8-9321-cc788e59afa1","word":"fairy","definition":"A small, imaginary being of human form that has magical powers, especially a female one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fae","root_meaning":"enchantment, mythical being","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fairy","meaning":"mythical creature","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"faerie","meaning":"land of fairies, things done by fairies","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fae","meaning":"fairy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fata","meaning":"goddess of fate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fae","fairyland","fairylike","elf","pixie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sprite","formality":"literary"},{"word":"elf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pixie","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"b80e3631-03af-40a3-935d-17c7c0846e87","word":"faith","definition":"Strong belief or trust in someone or something; a system of religious belief.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fe","language_family":"latin","root":"fides","root_meaning":"trust, confidence, faith","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"faith","meaning":"trust or religious belief","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"faith","meaning":"belief, trust, loyalty","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fei","meaning":"faith, belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fides","meaning":"trust, confidence, faith","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["faithful","faithless","faithfully","faithful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confidence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conviction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"11f7a0a8-6af5-4ee1-af4c-8e391b32e81a","word":"faithful","definition":"Loyal, true, and constant in one's affections or commitments.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fiel","language_family":"latin","root":"fides","root_meaning":"trust, faith","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bheidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"faithful","meaning":"loyal and true","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"feithful","meaning":"full of faith","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"feid","meaning":"faith","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fides","meaning":"trust, faith","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["faith","fidelity","fealty","confide","defiant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loyal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devoted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staunch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"true","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"de636d52-2307-4b13-85b6-6184869a1f00","word":"fake","definition":"Not genuine; counterfeit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feague","root_meaning":"to do, to make, to prepare","root_language":"English (dialectal)","root_era":"17th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fake","meaning":"Not genuine; counterfeit","children":[{"era":"18th C","word":"fake","meaning":"to counterfeit, to make","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"feague","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"English (dialectal)"}],"language":"English (slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forgery","faker","fakir"],"synonyms":[{"word":"counterfeit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bogus","formality":"informal"},{"word":"spurious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"3ea676d7-29c9-4d74-ac71-95f563d2c8b1","word":"falcon","definition":"A bird of prey with long pointed wings and a notched beak, known for its swift flight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"halcón","language_family":"latin","root":"falco","root_meaning":"falcon (possibly related to sickle)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"falcon","meaning":"bird of prey","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"faucon","meaning":"falcon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"falco","meaning":"falcon (from falx 'sickle')","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sickle","defalcate","falconry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hawk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kestrel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bird of prey","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"8308010d-7212-4f96-b06b-24f7b70d64eb","word":"fall","definition":"To drop down under gravity; the season of autumn","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feallan","root_meaning":"to fall, fall down","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fallan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"fall","meaning":"to descend; autumn season","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feallan","meaning":"to fall, fall down","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fallan-","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fallen","falling","downfall","rainfall","waterfall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"descend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"drop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tumble","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"2b66d74d-ad46-4460-bf65-642576568956","word":"fallout","definition":"Radioactive particles or debris that fall after an explosion, and by extension the resulting adverse consequences.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fallout","meaning":"Radioactive particles or debris that fall after an explosion, and by extension the resulting adverse consequences.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fall","meaning":"to descend or drop","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"out, outward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fall","outfall","fall-off","falling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aftermath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aftereffect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"0962bec8-f234-4b76-9e71-475b4bd5cd5b","word":"falls","definition":"Descends from a higher position; drops down under gravity or loses power or status.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fallan","root_meaning":"to fall, topple","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"falls","meaning":"descends or drops","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fall","meaning":"to descend, topple","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fallan","meaning":"to fall, topple","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fall","falling","fallen","waterfall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drops","formality":"informal"},{"word":"descends","formality":"formal"},{"word":"topples","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plummets","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"9747768c-52ce-470c-8d8d-a2d43bf55b82","word":"false","definition":"Not true or accurate; intentionally deceptive or misleading.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"falso","language_family":"latin","root":"falsus","root_meaning":"deceived, deceitful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"false","meaning":"not true, deceptive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"false","meaning":"not true, deceitful","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fals","meaning":"false, deceitful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"falsus","meaning":"deceived, deceitful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["falsely","falsehood","falsify","falseness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"untrue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deceptive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"incorrect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fraudulent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"93ba8878-85cc-4099-8f6c-f78d72e76053","word":"fame","definition":"The state of being known or talked about by many people, especially on account of notable achievements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fama","language_family":"latin","root":"fama","root_meaning":"report, rumor, tradition, reputation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bha-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fame","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fame","meaning":"reputation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fama","meaning":"report, rumor, reputation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bha-","meaning":"to speak, tell, say","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["famous","infamous","defame","apotheosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renown","formality":"formal"},{"word":"celebrity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prominence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"c77d175a-835f-4630-bc0f-b40752da7c83","word":"familiar","definition":"Well known from long or close association.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"familiar","language_family":"latin","root":"familiaris","root_meaning":"of a household, intimate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical Latin","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"familiar","meaning":"well known","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"familier","meaning":"intimate, domestic","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"familiaris","meaning":"of a household","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"familia","meaning":"household, family","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["family","familiarity","familiarize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"known","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"b1265022-64bd-4423-a2a9-675713c70760","word":"families","definition":"Groups of people related by blood or marriage, or groups of related things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"familia","language_family":"latin","root":"familia","root_meaning":"household, family","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"families","meaning":"groups of related people or things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"family","meaning":"household, kindred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"familia","meaning":"household, servants, family","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"famulus","meaning":"servant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["family","familial","familiar","familiarity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"households","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kinfolk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"relatives","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clans","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"9eec724b-ee29-4bb1-8340-782e2f45744d","word":"family","definition":"A group of one or more parents and their children living together as a unit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"familia","language_family":"latin","root":"familia","root_meaning":"household, servants of a household","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"300s BCE","word":"famulus","meaning":"Servant, attendant.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"familia","meaning":"Household including servants and family.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"family","meaning":"Household; then blood relatives.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"familia","meaning":"Family.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["familiar","familiarity","familial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"household","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clan","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"19b4d96e-3dbc-4a1e-8a8b-4ed5bd62c07b","word":"famous","definition":"Known and admired by many people; widely celebrated or well-known.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"famoso","language_family":"latin","root":"famosus","root_meaning":"reported, talked about","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"famous","meaning":"widely known and celebrated","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"famous","meaning":"celebrated, renowned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"famosus","meaning":"renowned, talked about","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fama","meaning":"fame, report, rumor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fame","famously","infamous","defame"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renowned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"well-known","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celebrated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"5d5fce21-b7db-4dc8-95b1-dc3d2bd18683","word":"fan","definition":"An enthusiastic admirer or devotee of a person, team, or activity; also a mechanical device for producing air circulation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abanico","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin vannus","root_meaning":"winnowing fan, fan for grain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fan","meaning":"mechanical ventilation device or devoted admirer","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fan","meaning":"winnowing fan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vannus","meaning":"winnowing fan","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fandom","fanatic","fancy","fan-shaped"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enthusiast","formality":"formal"},{"word":"admirer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devotee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"buff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"ec2d7aae-46e7-448b-8f7d-482f901ba9a2","word":"fancy","definition":"A capricious liking or inclination; a whim.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fantasía","language_family":"greek","root":"phantasia","root_meaning":"appearance, imagination","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fancy","meaning":"A capricious liking or inclination; a whim.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"fantasie","meaning":"imagination, illusion","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"fantasia","meaning":"fancy, imagination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phantasia","meaning":"imagination, appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phantasia","meaning":"appearance, imagination","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fantasy","phantom","phenomenon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caprice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imagination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"cdcceacf-4213-4edb-ad40-8b07ff367c0a","word":"fanfare","definition":"Fanfare means a short, loud, showy flourish of trumpets or brass instruments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"French fanfare","root_meaning":"trumpet flourish; ostentatious display","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fanfare","meaning":"a showy trumpet flourish","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fanfare","meaning":"brass flourish or display","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fanfared","fanfaring","fanfaron","fanfaronade","fanfare-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flourish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trumpet call","formality":"technical"},{"word":"blare","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"853dace0-df29-41ce-a005-2fbe942eb2f2","word":"fang","definition":"A large, sharp tooth, especially a canine tooth of a carnivorous animal or a venomous snake.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fanga","root_meaning":"to seize, to catch","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*peh₂k-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fang","meaning":"long, sharp tooth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fang","meaning":"a seizing, a catch (also used for claws or teeth)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fanga","meaning":"booty, prey, (also) a claw or tooth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fanga","meaning":"to seize, catch","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fang","meaning":"booty, capture (related to verb fangan 'to seize')","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fingers","catch","seize","fangle","fight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"incisor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tooth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"5cdc0395-4587-4056-9b78-762425b31239","word":"fanny","definition":"A woman's vulva (British informal); the buttocks (American informal).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fanny","meaning":"A woman's vulva (British informal); the buttocks (American informal).","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"fanny","meaning":"from the name Frances, or an unknown source","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bottom","butt","derriere","arse","bum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buttocks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bottom","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"31a15b74-8c95-4a9d-a339-9642efc3e0fe","word":"fans","definition":"Plural of fan; people who admire and support a particular person, team, or activity, or devices that create air circulation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"abanicos","language_family":"latin","root":"vannus","root_meaning":"winnowing fan","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fans","meaning":"admirers or air circulation devices","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fan","meaning":"winnowing implement or enthusiast","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ventus","meaning":"wind, air","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fan","fandom","fanatic","fanbase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"admirers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enthusiasts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devotees","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supporters","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"0db42250-f9d6-4f24-b691-be4d045081d6","word":"fantastic","definition":"Extraordinarily good or attractive; based on fantasy rather than fact.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fantástico","language_family":"greek","root":"phantastikos","root_meaning":"able to create images, imaginary","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fantastic","meaning":"extraordinarily good or based on fantasy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fantastique","meaning":"unreal, imaginary","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"phantasticus","meaning":"imaginary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phantastikos","meaning":"able to create images, imaginary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phantazein","meaning":"to make visible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phainein","meaning":"to show, to appear","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fantasy","phantom","phenomenon","fancy","imagine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amazing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wonderful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imaginary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surreal","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"5ebd9af6-c748-48d4-8e0e-198aa741312a","word":"fantasy","definition":"The faculty of imagining impossible or improbable things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fantasía","language_family":"greek","root":"phantasia","root_meaning":"appearance, imagination","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"phantasía (φαντασία)","meaning":"Appearance, imagination, display. From phantazein (to make visible).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fantasy","meaning":"Imagination, an imagined scenario.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"fantasía","meaning":"Fantasy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["fantastic","fantasize","phantom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imagination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daydream","formality":"informal"},{"word":"reverie","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"db7dba40-7c6f-46e5-bf44-503ea10b8d57","word":"faq","definition":"A set of frequently asked questions and their answers on a topic or website.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s-current","word":"FAQ","meaning":"frequently asked questions","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"frequently","meaning":"often","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"asked","meaning":"inquired","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200-1400","word":"question","meaning":"inquiry","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["question","frequently","asked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common questions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"help section","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"450cf57a-76af-42a5-bea5-af3f87aa18fb","word":"faqs","definition":"An acronym for frequently asked questions; a compilation of common inquiries and their answers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"FAQs","meaning":"frequently asked questions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"frequently","meaning":"often, at frequent intervals","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"asked","meaning":"questioned","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"questions","meaning":"inquiries","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frequently","asked","question","questions"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common questions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"help section","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"7397ba1e-755b-4062-8d87-3417e11e4876","word":"far","definition":"At a great distance; remote","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feorr","root_meaning":"far, distant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ferr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"far","meaning":"distant, remote","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feorr","meaning":"far, distant","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ferr-","meaning":"far away","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["farther","farthest","faraway","far-fetched"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remote","formality":"formal"},{"word":"afar","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:05:59.099Z"}
{"id":"87a3fc77-55f5-4b1d-a22b-1468851c1aaa","word":"faraway","definition":"Situated at a great distance in space or time; remote, or having a dreamily abstracted quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feorr + aweg","root_meaning":"at a great distance + away from this place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"faraway","meaning":"remote, distant","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"far away","meaning":"at a great distance (two-word phrase)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feorr","meaning":"far, distant","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"through, beyond","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["far","afar","farther","farthest","far-off","far-flung"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"removed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"yonder","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"d121dd34-10fc-410f-9586-9c3580e607e2","word":"fare","definition":"The money a passenger on public transport has to pay, or the range of food and drink provided at an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"faran","root_meaning":"to journey, travel, go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fare","meaning":"Cost of journey or provision of food.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"faran","meaning":"to journey, travel","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*per-","meaning":"to go through, to pass","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ferry","voyage","welfare","farewell","wayfare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"price","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cuisine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"b3125c9e-ba55-42ce-a00e-5311f16c38f6","word":"farewell","definition":"An expression of good wishes when parting.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"far wel","root_meaning":"go well","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per- *wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"farewell","meaning":"an expression of good wishes when parting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fare wel","meaning":"imperative of 'fare well'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"faran","meaning":"to go, journey","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wel","meaning":"well","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["welfare","well-being","voyage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goodbye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adieu","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cheerio","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"11a4d1f2-44e1-44de-bfba-1f67c51c6870","word":"farm","definition":"An area of land devoted to agriculture or the raising of livestock.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"firma","language_family":"latin","root":"Old French ferme","root_meaning":"lease, fixed payment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"farm","meaning":"land for agriculture","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"farme","meaning":"fixed payment, lease; later agricultural land","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ferme","meaning":"lease, fixed payment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"firma","meaning":"firm, fixed agreement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["farmer","farmland","farming","farmhouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ranch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"homestead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plantation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"dee90666-53b2-40a1-bcca-80635e109600","word":"farmer","definition":"A person who owns or manages a farm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feorm","root_meaning":"provisions, rent, food","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"farmer","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feormere","meaning":"provisioner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feorm","meaning":"food, provisions, rent","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["farm","firm","infirmary","affirm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agriculturist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cultivator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"husbandman","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"85758c09-decd-49f7-a0b2-4de4484a97a7","word":"farmhouse","definition":"A farmhouse is the main house on a farm or a house built to serve a farm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"farmhouse","meaning":"a house on a farm","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"farm","meaning":"a rented estate or agricultural holding","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ferme","meaning":"a fixed payment or lease","children":[],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"house","meaning":"a dwelling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hūs","meaning":"house, dwelling","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["farm","house","farmstead","homestead","farmyard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farmstead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farm dwelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"country house","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"b8353448-08da-4891-9fd8-b8017441e519","word":"fart","definition":"To emit intestinal gas from the anus.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"peer","language_family":"germanic","root":"*fertan","root_meaning":"to break wind","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*perd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fart","meaning":"emit gas","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"farten","meaning":"to break wind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fertan","meaning":"to break wind","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*perd-","meaning":"to fart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fizzle","puff","breeze","gust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flatulate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"break wind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pass gas","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"e583c5fe-6b1d-4a07-9a1a-347bf78db4fe","word":"fascinate","definition":"To draw the attention of; to enthrall or charm.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"fascinar","language_family":"latin","root":"fascinare","root_meaning":"to bewitch, enchant, spellbind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fascinate","meaning":"To draw the attention of; to enthrall or charm.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fascinatus","meaning":"bewitched, enchanted (past participle of fascinare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fascinare","meaning":"to bewitch, enchant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fascinum","meaning":"a charm, amulet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fascination","fascinating","fascinator","fascine","bewitch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enthrall","formality":"formal"},{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"captivate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spellbind","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"f7e8ecda-33d2-4b1f-9f51-5b6c85e6d725","word":"fascination","definition":"The quality of captivating or enchanting someone, or the state of being deeply interested.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fascinación","language_family":"latin","root":"fascinare","root_meaning":"to bewitch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fascination","meaning":"the state or quality of captivating interest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin fascinatio","meaning":"bewitching, spellbinding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin fascinare","meaning":"to bewitch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fascinum","meaning":"spell, enchantment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ion","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin/French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fascinate","fascinated","fascinating","fascinator","fascinative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"captivation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enchantment","formality":"literary"},{"word":"obsession","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"e5bdbc5b-3db3-4790-9669-1ab008286ee8","word":"fascism","definition":"An authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement that suppresses opposition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fascismo","language_family":"latin","root":"fascis","root_meaning":"bundle, bundle of rods","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fascism","meaning":"authoritarian, ultranationalist ideology and movement","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"fascismo","meaning":"fascism; the political movement and ideology","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fascis","meaning":"bundle, bundle of rods","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fascist","fascio","fasces","fascicle","fascistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authoritarianism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"totalitarianism","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dictatorship","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"6a0fee15-e3ad-4f3b-9f82-c409f3ef6910","word":"fascist","definition":"A person who advocates or practices fascism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fascista","language_family":"latin","root":"fascio","root_meaning":"bundle, political group","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fascist","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1910s","word":"fascista","meaning":"member of a fascist organization","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"fascio","meaning":"bundle, political group","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fasces","meaning":"bundle of rods with an axe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fascism","fasces","fascine","fascicle","totalitarian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authoritarian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"totalitarian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dictator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"dbc5da78-7d6a-4355-ab45-89cab8ba7609","word":"fashion","definition":"A popular trend or the manner of doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moda","language_family":"french","root":"façon","root_meaning":"face, appearance, manner","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"factiōnem","meaning":"A making, from facere (to make, do).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"façon","meaning":"Face, appearance, manner, way.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fashion","meaning":"A prevailing style, manner.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"moda","meaning":"Fashion.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["fashionable","unfashionable","old-fashioned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"style","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vogue","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"9c74317f-ebbd-4cbe-987f-ace732945151","word":"fashionable","definition":"Fashionable means in accordance with current style or social taste.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"factiōnem","root_meaning":"a making, formation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fashionable","meaning":"in accordance with current style or social taste","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fashion","meaning":"style, manner; shape or make","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"facon","meaning":"shape, manner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"factiōnem","meaning":"a making, formation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of; fit for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-abilis","meaning":"capable of, fit for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fashion","fashioning","fashionably","unfashionable","fashionista"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stylish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trendy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modish","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"2c470130-051e-4407-b87b-eb9ab57a754d","word":"fast","definition":"Moving or capable of moving at high speed; firm and fixed","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fæst","root_meaning":"firmly fixed, steadfast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fastaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"fast","meaning":"quick; firmly fixed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæst","meaning":"firmly fixed, steadfast","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fastaz","meaning":"firm, fixed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["faster","fastest","fasten","steadfast","fast-food"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swift","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rapid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"b777ff24-74cd-423c-8700-53bd83ab02bb","word":"fasten","definition":"to make something firmly fixed, attached, or secure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fæst","root_meaning":"firm; fixed; secure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fasten","meaning":"to make something firmly fixed, attached, or secure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæstnian","meaning":"to make firm; strengthen; secure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæst","meaning":"firm; fixed; secure","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fastened","fastening","unfasten","fastener"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fix","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"ec54a921-c187-45c7-a6d6-71d392b6b5ee","word":"faster","definition":"Moving or capable of moving at greater speed; comparative form of fast.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fast","root_meaning":"firmly fixed, swift, steadfast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pas-t-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"faster","meaning":"comparative of fast; quicker","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fast","meaning":"firm, steadfast, swift","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæst","meaning":"firm, fixed, steadfast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pas-t-","meaning":"firm, fixed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fast","fastness","fasten","fastener"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quicker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swifter","formality":"literary"},{"word":"speedier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"9edcf794-667e-4902-983b-20d6b0016a1e","word":"fat","definition":"A soft greasy substance stored in body tissues, or adjective meaning having excess body weight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fatt","root_meaning":"fatted, fattened","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pətə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fat","meaning":"adipose tissue, overweight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæt","meaning":"fatted, fattened","children":[{"era":"pre-1AD","word":"fētjan","meaning":"to fatten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fatty","fatten","fatter","fatness","fatuity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adipose","formality":"technical"},{"word":"obese","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overweight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corpulent","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"5fd4c8eb-38c6-4dc5-9a12-965922ca1ba1","word":"fatal","definition":"Causing death.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fatal","language_family":"latin","root":"fatum","root_meaning":"prophecy, destiny, doom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bha-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fatal","meaning":"Causing death.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fatalis","meaning":"decreed by fate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fatum","meaning":"prophecy, destiny, doom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fate","fatality","fateful","doom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deadly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lethal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mortal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catastrophic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"4f010014-c1b9-4e2c-ab81-397ede531f22","word":"fate","definition":"The development of events beyond a person's control, regarded as determined by a supernatural power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hado","language_family":"latin","root":"fatum","root_meaning":"that which has been spoken, destiny","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fate","meaning":"destiny","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fate","meaning":"destiny, lot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fatum","meaning":"that which has been spoken, destiny","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fari","meaning":"to speak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fatal","fated","fatuous","fairy","infant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"predetermination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lot","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"eb2c37b6-7117-4123-a2fc-0ee1c6b291b3","word":"father","definition":"A man in relation to his child or children.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"padre","language_family":"germanic","root":"fæder","root_meaning":"father","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*pHter-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*pHter-","meaning":"Father.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fæder","meaning":"Father.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"father","meaning":"Male parent.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"300s BCE","word":"pater","meaning":"Father.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"padre","meaning":"Father; priest.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["paternal","patriarch","fatherhood","grandfather"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dad","formality":"informal"},{"word":"patriarch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sire","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"b390183a-281d-40f4-bb10-3cc3beff6c10","word":"fatherland","definition":"One's native country or ancestral homeland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fæderland","root_meaning":"land of one's father or ancestors","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fatherland","meaning":"one's native country or ancestral homeland","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæder + land","meaning":"compound of \"father\" and \"land\"","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæder","meaning":"father","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land; territory","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["motherland","homeland","native land","homestead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homeland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motherland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"native land","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"39dbb7fb-d53b-405a-a366-e355cd84b7ac","word":"fatigue","definition":"Extreme tiredness or weariness, especially after exertion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fatiga","language_family":"french","root":"Latin fatigare","root_meaning":"to tire, weary, or exhaust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fatigue","meaning":"extreme tiredness or weariness","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"fatigue","meaning":"weariness; to tire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fatigare","meaning":"to tire, weary, or exhaust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fatigued","fatiguing","fatiguable","defatigable","indefatigable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhaustion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weariness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lassitude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"a5b99631-8b4f-4a64-bbda-b2cb552d9b71","word":"fatso","definition":"A contemptuous word for a fat person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fat","root_meaning":"fat","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fatso","meaning":"a contemptuous term for a fat person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fat","meaning":"fat, plump","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fatjaz","meaning":"fat, fatted","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fat","fatty","fatten","fatness","fattish","fatling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fatty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"porker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tubby","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"58f4e80f-9608-4458-9bcd-272e153ad1a3","word":"fault","definition":"An unattractive or unsatisfactory feature or a responsibility for wrongdoing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"falta","language_family":"french","root":"faute","root_meaning":"deficiency, failure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 AD","word":"fallita","meaning":"A failing, shortcoming, from fallere (to deceive).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"faute","meaning":"Deficiency, failure, lack.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fault","meaning":"A defect, mistake.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"falta","meaning":"Fault, lack.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["faulty","faultless","default"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defect","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T21:15:31.795Z"}
{"id":"725d7d2b-ae3f-43b9-bda4-8c073f7537b0","word":"favor","definition":"An act of kindness beyond what is due or usual.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"favor","language_family":"latin","root":"favor","root_meaning":"goodwill, inclination, partiality","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"favor","meaning":"An act of kindness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"favor","meaning":"favor, countenance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"favor","meaning":"goodwill, inclination, partiality","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["favorable","favorite","favouritism","disfavor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kindness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benevolence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grace","formality":"literary"},{"word":"service","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"d99dbb02-812a-4af1-9862-c027dd1f988b","word":"favorite","definition":"A person or thing that is preferred or liked better than others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"favorito","language_family":"latin","root":"favor","root_meaning":"goodwill, preference, support","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"favorite","meaning":"thing or person preferred","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"favorite","meaning":"preferred, favored","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"favor","meaning":"goodwill, preference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"favor","meaning":"goodwill, preference","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["favor","favorite","favoritism","favored"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preference","formality":"formal"},{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beloved","formality":"literary"},{"word":"preferred","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"e0ec1268-895d-4d07-83b2-94b1c3feb48b","word":"favorites","definition":"Things or people that are preferred or liked more than others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"favoritos","language_family":"latin","root":"favor","root_meaning":"approval, support, goodwill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"favorites","meaning":"preferred things or people","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"favorite","meaning":"preferred person or thing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"favore","meaning":"approval, support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"favor","meaning":"goodwill, support","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["favor","favorite","favoritism","favored"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preferences","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preferred choices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beloved","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"50e1babc-31d4-4e7d-aa2a-7f340b1dfdf1","word":"favour","definition":"an act of kindness beyond what is due or usual.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"favor","language_family":"latin","root":"favor","root_meaning":"goodwill, kindness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"favour","meaning":"act of kindness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"favour","meaning":"goodwill, kindness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"favor","meaning":"goodwill, kindness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fovere","meaning":"to cherish, support","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["favorite","favorable","disfavor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kindness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"service","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boon","formality":"literary"},{"word":"courtesy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"59edb80f-30cb-4c12-ac71-40c7e0474dce","word":"favourite","definition":"A person or thing regarded with special preference or approval.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"favorito","language_family":"latin","root":"favor","root_meaning":"goodwill, partiality, support","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"favourite","meaning":"preferred one","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"favorit","meaning":"favorite","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"favorito","meaning":"favored","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"favor","meaning":"goodwill, support","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["favor","favorable","favoritism","disfavor","favored"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preferred","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pet","formality":"informal"},{"word":"darling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"ba9f7f54-0310-47ed-ad5d-d62e7a0b8b1c","word":"fax","definition":"A document transmitted electronically over telephone lines or a machine that sends such documents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"facsimile","root_meaning":"make similar, a copy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"fax","meaning":"facsimile transmission or machine","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"facsimile","meaning":"an exact copy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["facsimile","faxed","faxing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"facsimile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"document transmission","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"9da001c1-bcb7-4af9-80eb-1b5d805d9eca","word":"fay","definition":"An archaic literary word for a fairy or enchanted being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hada","language_family":"french","root":"Latin fāta","root_meaning":"the Fates; fated beings","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fay","meaning":"an archaic literary word for a fairy or enchanted being","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"Middle English fay","meaning":"fairy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French fae / faie","meaning":"fairy, enchantress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin fāta","meaning":"the Fates; fated beings","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin fatum","meaning":"that which is spoken; fate","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-","meaning":"to speak, say","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fairy","faerie","faery","fateful","fate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fairy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elf","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"f116cccb-2577-46f8-95e7-1541b5c48db4","word":"fear","definition":"An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous or threatening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"temor","language_family":"germanic","root":"fær","root_meaning":"calamity, sudden danger","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"fear","meaning":"Emotion in response to danger.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fear","meaning":"Dread, terror.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fær","meaning":"Sudden calamity, peril.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"To attempt, to risk.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["fearful","fearless","afraid","dread"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terror","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fright","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"5abc26ff-4c12-46ac-a5b5-6087cef8c59b","word":"fearless","definition":"Not feeling or showing fear; brave.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fær","root_meaning":"danger, sudden attack","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fearless","meaning":"without fear","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fear","meaning":"fear, terror","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fær","meaning":"danger, sudden attack","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fear","fearsome","fearfully","less","dread"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courageous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intrepid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dauntless","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"e8b320ad-b67b-4b37-93b0-5c03cab1fce5","word":"fearsome","definition":"Causing fear or awe; frightening in appearance or effect.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fear","root_meaning":"dread; fright","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fearsome","meaning":"causing fear or awe; frightening in appearance or effect","children":[{"era":"current","word":"fear","meaning":"dread or fright","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-some","meaning":"characterized by; tending to produce","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fear","fearful","fearless","fearfully","fearsomeness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frightening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terrifying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formidable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intimidating","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"f64baf36-9401-4bf6-b891-25f966eb4a7b","word":"feat","definition":"An achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hecho","language_family":"latin","root":"factum","root_meaning":"a deed, thing done","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feat","meaning":"an achievement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fait","meaning":"deed, exploit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"factum","meaning":"a deed, thing done","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fact","effect","perfect","defeat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accomplishment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exploit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"achievement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"502e96d8-87a4-43a6-bcbd-0bf99d82ad87","word":"feather","definition":"One of the flat appendages growing from a bird's skin, forming its plumage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feðer","root_meaning":"feather","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feather","meaning":"bird's appendage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feðer","meaning":"feather","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*feþrō","meaning":"feather","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*pet-","meaning":"to rush, to fly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feathered","pen (quill)","pinion","pterodactyl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plumage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"down","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"8c6535f6-8b71-42e5-9be8-cc3c5c52f6bd","word":"feature","definition":"A distinctive attribute or aspect of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"factura","language_family":"latin","root":"facere","root_meaning":"to make, to do","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feature","meaning":"a distinctive characteristic or aspect","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"feature","meaning":"form, shape, appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do, to create","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["featured","feature-length","facial","factory","factor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"characteristic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aspect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trait","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attribute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"37d40771-5546-4c4a-9485-f475c0b651b4","word":"featured","definition":"Gave prominence to something; made a special attraction or part of a presentation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"caracterizado","language_family":"latin","root":"facere","root_meaning":"to make or do","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"featured","meaning":"highlighted or showcased","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"feature","meaning":"form or appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feature","features","featuring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"highlighted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"showcased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presented","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"3df89217-a4ae-4045-90e6-df8fa1fbbe3d","word":"features","definition":"Distinctive attributes or aspects of something, or to display prominently.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"facciones","language_family":"french","root":"facere","root_meaning":"to make, do","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"features","meaning":"distinctive attributes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"feature","meaning":"form, shape","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"faiture","meaning":"making, form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feature","featured","featuring","facture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"characteristics","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aspects","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attributes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"qualities","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"7c0a2c64-ae90-49a9-b633-2224c4cb09a1","word":"feb","definition":"Abbreviation for February, the second month of the year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Februarius","root_meaning":"of purification","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feb","meaning":"abbreviation for February","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"February","meaning":"second month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Februarius","meaning":"month of purification","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["February","Februarius","febrile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"February","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.677Z"}
{"id":"0e8c4c2b-9050-41c5-b646-376bf9ea4459","word":"february","definition":"The second month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"febrero","language_family":"latin","root":"Februarius","root_meaning":"of purification","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"February","meaning":"second month of the year","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Februarius","meaning":"month of purification","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"februum","meaning":"purification, expiation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["February's","Februrary","februation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"month","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"second month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"ed133fd6-8b65-4733-aeac-d1a70b1f0e86","word":"federal","definition":"Relating to or constituting a system of government with power divided between a central authority and constituent political units.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"federal","language_family":"latin","root":"foederus","root_meaning":"treaty or compact","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"federal","meaning":"relating to a system of government","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"federal","meaning":"of or relating to federation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foederatus","meaning":"allied or covenanted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foederus","meaning":"treaty or compact","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["federation","federate","confederate","confederacy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"national","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"central","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"governmental","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"08e14ba0-ec4c-4f92-884d-b21f4dcb897c","word":"federation","definition":"A group of states or organizations that have united to form a larger group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"federación","language_family":"latin","root":"foederatio","root_meaning":"a league, covenant, treaty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bheidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"federation","meaning":"A group united to form a larger group","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foederatio","meaning":"a league, covenant, treaty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foedus","meaning":"treaty, league","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bheidh-","meaning":"to trust, confide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["federal","confederate","fidelity","fiduciary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confederation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"union","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alliance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"81f22c6e-6bf5-40c9-a461-e9a747ef8c3f","word":"fee","definition":"A charge or payment required for a service or professional work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fehu","root_meaning":"cattle, property, wealth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pekus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fee","meaning":"charge or payment for service","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fee","meaning":"fief, property held in tenure","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fief","meaning":"feudal estate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fehu","meaning":"cattle, wealth, property","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*pekus","meaning":"livestock, wealth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feud","fief","fiefdom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"payment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honorarium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"f76e66e1-2559-419b-88ed-83137d09511e","word":"feeble","definition":"Lacking strength, vigor, or effectiveness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"flere","root_meaning":"weep, cry, lament","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhle-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feeble","meaning":"lacking strength or vigor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"feble","meaning":"weak, feeble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flebilis","meaning":"lamentable; to be wept over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flere","meaning":"weep, cry, lament","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*bhle-","meaning":"to howl, cry out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enfeeble","feebleness","feebly","foible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infirm","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"1230032f-09f1-453e-a56e-302d5d170aff","word":"feed","definition":"To give food to; to supply with material or information.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fōdjan","root_meaning":"to feed","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pa-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feed","meaning":"to provide food","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fedan","meaning":"to feed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fōdjan","meaning":"to feed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["food","feeding","feedback","feedstock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nourish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provide","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"4deacd6a-d551-41be-b0f3-8db8ddb96df0","word":"feedback","definition":"Information or responses provided about a performance, action, or product for improvement or evaluation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feed + back","root_meaning":"to give back information","root_language":"Modern English compound","root_era":"1920s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feedback","meaning":"response information for improvement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feed","meaning":"to provide food or supply","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear or return direction","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feed","back","response","input"],"synonyms":[{"word":"response","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"input","formality":"technical"},{"word":"comment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evaluation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"219132a8-b44e-492c-a448-f833145b39bd","word":"feeds","definition":"Plural of feed; supplies food to or provides substance or material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feed","root_meaning":"to give food, to nourish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*po(i)dh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feeds","meaning":"supplies food, plural form","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feed","meaning":"to give food, nourish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fedan","meaning":"to feed, nourish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*po(i)dh-","meaning":"food, feed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feed","feeding","feeder","feedback"],"synonyms":[{"word":"food","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provisions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fodder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"7ae396ed-c97f-499f-9aac-c25b79f27225","word":"feel","definition":"To perceive through touch or emotion; an emotional sensation","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fēlan","root_meaning":"to feel, touch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fōljan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"feel","meaning":"to perceive by touch; experience emotion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fēlan","meaning":"to feel, touch, perceive","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fōljan-","meaning":"to feel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feeling","felt","feelgood","unfeeling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"experience","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"862f1858-7b01-4b3f-a706-cbf22cebde30","word":"feeling","definition":"An emotion or physical sensation experienced by a person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English félan","root_meaning":"to perceive by touch, feel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fēl-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feeling","meaning":"emotion or sensation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"felyng","meaning":"sensation, emotion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"félan","meaning":"to perceive by touch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feel","felt","feelings","fellow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emotion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sensation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impression","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"9ace96f2-ae96-417c-b1fd-46d358c4eae4","word":"fees","definition":"Charges or payments required for a service or privilege.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feoh","root_meaning":"cattle, property, money","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*fehu","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fees","meaning":"charges for service","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fee","meaning":"property, inheritance","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"feoh","meaning":"cattle, property, money","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fee","fief","feud"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charges","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"costs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"payments","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"449c4362-d5f2-4a43-80dd-7e163f619b4b","word":"feet","definition":"Plural of foot; the lower extremities of the human body or animals used for walking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pie","language_family":"germanic","root":"foot","root_meaning":"the lower extremity of the leg","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pod- (PIE for foot)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feet","meaning":"lower extremities used for walking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"foot","meaning":"lower extremity of leg","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"fōt","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foot","footed","footage","footprint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extremities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"paws","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hooves","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"6fa2fad8-7752-49db-b6da-e1475ed81dcb","word":"felicity","definition":"Intense happiness; the ability to find appropriate expression for one's thoughts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"felicidad","language_family":"latin","root":"felicitas","root_meaning":"happiness, good fortune","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"felicity","meaning":"intense happiness","children":[{"era":"14th Century","word":"felicité","meaning":"happiness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"felicitas","meaning":"happiness, good fortune","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"felix","meaning":"lucky, successful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["felicitous","infelicity","felicitate","felicitations"],"synonyms":[{"word":"happiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bliss","formality":"literary"},{"word":"aptness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"bde38436-8b18-4b43-9004-d5e5692f4a8f","word":"fella","definition":"Informal term for a man or boy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"félagi","root_meaning":"partner, associate","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fella","meaning":"man, boy","children":[{"era":"current","word":"fellow","meaning":"companion, associate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"felaw","meaning":"companion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"félagi","meaning":"partner, shareholder","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English (informal)"},"related_words":["fellow","fellowship","fee","playfellow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chap","formality":"informal"},{"word":"man","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"c8db0187-3cee-4325-8e8a-b03625195562","word":"fellow","definition":"A man or boy; a companion or associate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"felagi","root_meaning":"partner, shareholder","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fellow","meaning":"A man or boy; a companion or associate.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"felagi","meaning":"partner, shareholder","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fee","lay","colleague","legal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"associate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chum","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"36dcc3ec-7c94-4099-8f87-5592c5e2d14d","word":"fellowship","definition":"Friendly association, especially with people who share one's interests; a group of people who share interests or activities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"félag","root_meaning":"partnership, companionship","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fellowship","meaning":"friendly association","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feolaghescipe","meaning":"companionship","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"félag","meaning":"partnership","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fé","meaning":"cattle, property, money","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lag","meaning":"laying, destiny, law","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fellow","fee","law","colleague"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companionship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comradeship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"association","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"3ea37a05-97cf-4cdd-b427-4ffb03faee1d","word":"felony","definition":"A crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than a year or by death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"felonia","language_family":"french","root":"félonie","root_meaning":"wickedness, treachery","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"felony","meaning":"serious crime","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"félonie","meaning":"wickedness, treachery","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"félon","meaning":"traitor, villain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fellō","meaning":"villain","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["felon","villain","perfidy","treachery","crime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offense","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transgression","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"d368055b-12db-4c2c-b29a-8d1830d6acac","word":"felt","definition":"Perceived or sensed emotionally; past tense of feel, or a thick fabric made from matted fibers.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feltaz","root_meaning":"felt or matted","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"felt","meaning":"sensed emotion or matted fabric","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"felt","meaning":"matted fabric or past tense of feel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feltaz","meaning":"matted or penetrated","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feeling","felt","felted","felting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perceived","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"experienced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"touched","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"433fb3cc-0983-47cc-8221-57e68dfa09bc","word":"female","definition":"A person or animal of the sex that produces eggs or gives birth to offspring.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hembra","language_family":"latin","root":"femella","root_meaning":"young woman","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"female","meaning":"of or relating to women or females","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"female","meaning":"woman or girl","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"femelle","meaning":"little woman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"femella","meaning":"young woman, girl","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feminine","femininity","feminism","females"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"girl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lady","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"b5c39d68-1a4e-440a-9615-8d45ad5faa4c","word":"feminine","definition":"Having qualities or characteristics associated with women.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"femenino","language_family":"latin","root":"femina","root_meaning":"woman","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feminine","meaning":"having qualities associated with women","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"femininus","meaning":"of women, womanly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"femina","meaning":"woman","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["female","feminist","femininity","effeminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"womanly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"girlish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ladylike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"cf6d55bb-269e-41e0-aade-5863ccfe9ced","word":"feminist","definition":"A feminist is a person who supports feminism and gender equality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"feminista","language_family":"latin","root":"fēmina","root_meaning":"woman","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feminist","meaning":"a person who supports feminism and gender equality","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"féministe","meaning":"feminist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fēminīnus","meaning":"of a woman, feminine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fēmina","meaning":"woman","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feminism","feministic","feminize","feminine","femininity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equal-rights advocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"women's-rights advocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"egalitarian","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"02e6580d-9b61-4832-941d-6e2a03d527b2","word":"fend","definition":"To fend is to ward off, defend, or take care of oneself or something else.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"defender","language_family":"latin","root":"defendere","root_meaning":"to ward off, defend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fend","meaning":"to ward off, defend, or take care of oneself","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"defend","meaning":"to protect, guard, or ward off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"defendere","meaning":"to ward off, protect, defend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["defend","defense","defendant","forfend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ward off","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"e5656c6a-5080-4c89-b7ec-a2ec701cc5b6","word":"fender","definition":"A protective guard or barrier, such as the curved panel over a vehicle's wheel arch, a fireplace screen, or a bumper on a boat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"defensor","language_family":"french","root":"defendere","root_meaning":"to ward off, strike away, protect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷʰen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fender","meaning":"protective guard or barrier","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fend","meaning":"to defend, ward off (clipped from 'defend')","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"defenden","meaning":"to defend","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"defendre","meaning":"to defend, forbid, repel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"defendere","meaning":"to ward off, protect (de- + fendere, to strike)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fend","defend","defense","offend","fence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bumper","formality":"informal"},{"word":"buffer","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"95fbecfc-06d0-4a46-ad50-e2925f953c49","word":"fern","definition":"A fern is a non-flowering vascular plant that reproduces by spores and typically has divided fronds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*farnaz","root_meaning":"fern","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fern","meaning":"a non-flowering spore-bearing plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fearn","meaning":"fern","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*farnaz","meaning":"fern","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ferny","fernery","fernlike","fernwort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bracken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filicalean","formality":"technical"},{"word":"filix","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"3a273931-bca0-4087-9997-4a973b6d0349","word":"ferocious","definition":"Very fierce, savage, or intensely aggressive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"feroz","language_family":"latin","root":"ferox","root_meaning":"wild, fierce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ferocious","meaning":"fierce, savage","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ferocious","meaning":"fierce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferox","meaning":"wild, fierce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferus","meaning":"wild, untamed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/Latin-based formation"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ferocity","ferociously","ferociousness","feral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"savage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruthless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"ebabb626-3e16-474f-815a-5602af44659a","word":"ferry","definition":"A boat or ship for conveying passengers and goods, especially over a relatively short distance and as a regular service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"ferja","root_meaning":"to convey, to carry","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*farjan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ferry","meaning":"transport by boat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ferja","meaning":"to convey","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*farjan","meaning":"to convey, to travel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fare","travel","carry","transport","journey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transport","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shuttle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"b2955cb6-5eb5-412a-9179-5969ea4a5683","word":"fertile","definition":"Able to produce abundant growth, offspring, or fruit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fértil","language_family":"latin","root":"fertilis","root_meaning":"bearing in abundance; fruitful; productive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fertile","meaning":"able to produce abundant growth, offspring, or fruit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fertilis","meaning":"fruitful, productive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to bear, carry","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*bher-","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fertility","fertilize","fertilization","infertile","prolific"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fruitful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fecund","formality":"formal"},{"word":"productive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lush","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"352ad013-1293-4414-abe3-b40b1b667cf2","word":"fertility","definition":"The ability to produce offspring or to yield abundant growth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fertilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"fertilis","root_meaning":"fruitful; productive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fertility","meaning":"ability to reproduce or produce abundantly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fertile","meaning":"productive, fruitful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fertilis","meaning":"fruitful, productive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to bear, carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fertile","fertilize","fertilizer","fertilized","fecund"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fecundity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fruitfulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prolificacy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"c67c794d-85c6-4fc1-a8d4-6886268c47ff","word":"fertilizer","definition":"A substance added to soil to supply nutrients and promote plant growth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fertilizante","language_family":"latin","root":"fertilis","root_meaning":"fruitful, productive, fertile","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fertilizer","meaning":"a substance added to soil to promote plant growth","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"fertilize","meaning":"to make fertile or enrich soil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fertilis","meaning":"fruitful, fertile","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fertilize","fertile","fertility","fertilization","fertiliser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soil amendment","formality":"technical"},{"word":"plant food","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"75ab2802-9673-4078-a9c2-c4fb99568128","word":"festival","definition":"A day or period of celebration marked by feasting, entertainment, or religious observance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"festival","language_family":"latin","root":"festivus","root_meaning":"festive, merry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhwes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"festival","meaning":"a celebration or feast","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"festival","meaning":"a festive celebration","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"festivale","meaning":"festive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"festivus","meaning":"festive, merry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"festum","meaning":"feast, festival","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["festive","festival","festivities","feast","festoon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celebration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feast","formality":"formal"},{"word":"event","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commemoration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"6cfd88b8-174e-4fcd-aa0b-5b149d6f9d73","word":"festive","definition":"Suitable for a feast or celebration; cheerful and lively.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"festivo","language_family":"latin","root":"festivus","root_meaning":"pertaining to a feast; merry, lively, joyous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"festive","meaning":"suitable for a feast or celebration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"festif","meaning":"festive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"feast","meaning":"a religious or social celebration meal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"festivus","meaning":"pertaining to a feast; merry, lively, joyous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"festus","meaning":"festal, joyful, sacred to a feast day","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["festival","festivity","festal","feast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joyous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celebratory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"122e0a61-b6df-4bb2-8d08-160dbcc895f1","word":"fetch","definition":"To go for and then bring back (someone or something).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feccan","root_meaning":"to bring, to get, to gain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fatjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fetch","meaning":"to go for and then bring back","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fecchen","meaning":"to bring, gain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feccan","meaning":"to bring, get","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fetched","fetching","fetcher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"retrieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"get","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"go for","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"7a6edae5-85e3-4ae5-8dff-dec6ca2a7f79","word":"fetish","definition":"An inanimate object worshipped for its supposed magical powers or because it is considered to be inhabited by a spirit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fetiche","language_family":"latin","root":"facticius","root_meaning":"made by art, artificial","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fetish","meaning":"An inanimate object worshipped for its supposed magical powers or because it is considered to be inhabited by a spirit.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"fétiche","meaning":"charm, spell, fetish","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"feitiço","meaning":"charm, sorcery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facticius","meaning":"made by art, artificial","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fact","feature","artifact","facade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"talisman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obsession","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"994ea9ab-2040-4698-b91f-394c6a10daba","word":"fetus","definition":"An unborn or unhatched vertebrate after the embryonic stage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"feto","language_family":"latin","root":"fētus","root_meaning":"offspring, young","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fetus","meaning":"an unborn or unhatched vertebrate after the embryonic stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fētus","meaning":"offspring, young","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foetus","fetal","foetal","fetation","feti"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embryo","formality":"technical"},{"word":"foetus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conceptus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"b06cf403-4738-44a6-93ee-ddb602537bac","word":"feud","definition":"A prolonged state of mutual hostility or bitter conflict, especially between families or groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"feudo","language_family":"germanic","root":"*fehu-","root_meaning":"cattle, property, wealth","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*péḱu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"feud","meaning":"a prolonged conflict between people or groups","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Anglo-French feid","meaning":"fee, fief","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English feud, feid","meaning":"a quarrel or hostile dispute","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *fehu-","meaning":"cattle, property, wealth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fee","fief","feudal","fealty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vendetta","formality":"literary"},{"word":"quarrel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rivalry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"fda43e08-eae5-4ecf-9dd8-6762b233fb46","word":"fever","definition":"An abnormally high body temperature, usually accompanied by shivering, headache, and in severe instances, delirium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fiebre","language_family":"latin","root":"febris","root_meaning":"fever","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰegʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fever","meaning":"An abnormally high body temperature.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fevre","meaning":"fever","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"febris","meaning":"fever","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["febrile","fervent","effervescence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pyrexia","formality":"technical"},{"word":"temperature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"55b40ffb-c479-46d0-9099-8f287d445f71","word":"few","definition":"A small number of; not many.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feawa","root_meaning":"few, small number","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"few","meaning":"small in number, not many","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feawa","meaning":"few, small number","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*pau-","meaning":"few, small","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fewer","fewest","fewness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"several","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"limited","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.972Z"}
{"id":"5f652ec8-bd8d-4d47-99f8-259b8b9df0b9","word":"fiance","definition":"A man to whom one is engaged to be married.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fiancer","root_meaning":"to promise, to entrust","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*bheidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiance","meaning":"a man engaged to be married","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"fiancé","meaning":"betrothed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fiancier","meaning":"to promise, to entrust","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*fidantiare","meaning":"to pledge","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fiancee","fidelity","confide","affidavit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"betrothed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"husband-to-be","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"c8e08da7-2e73-4df9-910d-b52e120e5c8d","word":"fiancee","definition":"A woman to whom one is engaged to be married.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fiancer","root_meaning":"to promise","root_language":"French","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiancee","meaning":"engaged woman","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"fiancée","meaning":"engaged woman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiancer","meaning":"to promise, to betroth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fidere","meaning":"to trust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fiancé","fidelity","confident","infidel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"betrothed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intended","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospective wife","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"9b7392a9-a3f0-4870-8813-5a0f719b486f","word":"fiber","definition":"A thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fibra","language_family":"latin","root":"fibra","root_meaning":"fiber, filament, gut","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiber","meaning":"thread or filament","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fibre","meaning":"fiber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fibra","meaning":"a fiber, filament, gut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["filament","fibrous","fibril"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"string","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"fb20c5d1-bc60-4098-af1b-779980e5ab6f","word":"fibre","definition":"A thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fibra","language_family":"latin","root":"fibra","root_meaning":"fiber, filament","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeyh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fibre","meaning":"thread-like material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fibra","meaning":"fiber, filament","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fibrous","fibril","fibrin","filament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filament","formality":"technical"},{"word":"staple","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"d98d37bb-96f8-4f1c-8bb7-6e8b26420d56","word":"fiction","definition":"Literature or a narrative created from imagination rather than based on fact.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ficción","language_family":"latin","root":"fictio","root_meaning":"a making, feigning","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiction","meaning":"imaginary narrative","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fiction","meaning":"feigning, deceit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fictio","meaning":"a making, feigning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fingere","meaning":"to form, shape, feign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fictitious","fictive","fictionalize","fictional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"story","formality":"informal"},{"word":"narrative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tale","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fabrication","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"9175dbc9-6106-4c2c-91ec-4760d4606a38","word":"fictional","definition":"Fictional means invented by imagination rather than based on fact.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ficcional","language_family":"latin","root":"fingere","root_meaning":"to shape, devise, or feign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fictional","meaning":"invented by imagination rather than based on fact","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fiction","meaning":"an invented story or something feigned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fictio","meaning":"a shaping, invention, or feigning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fingere","meaning":"to shape, mold, devise, or feign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-al","meaning":"adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fiction","fictitious","fictive","fictionally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imaginary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fictitious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"made-up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"941ed588-5bd1-4c7a-9a06-28ab258cbc30","word":"fiddle","definition":"A bowed stringed musical instrument, especially a violin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fiðele","root_meaning":"fiddle; stringed musical instrument","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiddle","meaning":"a bowed stringed musical instrument, especially a violin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiðele","meaning":"fiddle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fiddler","fiddling","fiddle-faddle","fiddlestick","fiddly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"violin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"string instrument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bowed instrument","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"58a5e8d1-13b5-4eae-84b8-f2ea95925c59","word":"field","definition":"An open area of land; an area of study or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"campo","language_family":"germanic","root":"feld","root_meaning":"open land, plain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*pelh2-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"field","meaning":"Open land; domain of activity.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"feld","meaning":"Open country, plain.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*pelh2-","meaning":"Flat, broad.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["outfield","infield","fieldwork","minefield"],"synonyms":[{"word":"domain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meadow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"26cf514a-73df-4a75-8e87-097c37881260","word":"fields","definition":"Plural of field; areas of land or areas of study or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feld","root_meaning":"open land, plain","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*felthā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fields","meaning":"areas of land or domains of activity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"field","meaning":"open land, plain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"felth","meaning":"open land","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["field","fieldwork","fielding","fielder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meadows","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domains","formality":"formal"},{"word":"areas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disciplines","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"16ee8ffc-1494-4b8e-a5e0-fca0320f4d4a","word":"fiend","definition":"A fiend is an enemy, demon, or cruel person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*fijandz","root_meaning":"hater; enemy","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiend","meaning":"enemy; demon; cruel person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiend","meaning":"enemy; foe; devil","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fijandz","meaning":"hater; enemy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fijaną","meaning":"to hate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fiendish","fiendishness","fiendlike","fiends"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"391199c1-2b95-4cdc-9202-464a3788031e","word":"fierce","definition":"Having or displaying an intense or ferocious aggressiveness; ardent or passionate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fiero","language_family":"latin","root":"ferus","root_meaning":"wild, untamed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fierce","meaning":"ferocious, intense","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"fers","meaning":"wild, cruel","children":[{"era":"11th c.","word":"fers","meaning":"wild, untamed, savage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferus","meaning":"wild, untamed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feral","ferocity","wild","untamed","fiercely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ferocious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"savage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"c71d7fe9-40e3-4df9-a499-1cc830ee5614","word":"fiery","definition":"full of fire or intense heat, or figuratively passionate and hot-tempered.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fyr","root_meaning":"fire","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*péh₂wr̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiery","meaning":"full of fire or intense heat, or figuratively passionate and hot-tempered.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fire","meaning":"fire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyr","meaning":"fire","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning 'having the quality of'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fire","fieryness","firey","firelight","firebrand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flaming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blazing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ardent","formality":"literary"},{"word":"impassioned","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"ac45b853-b9c7-4225-a2b2-78748205370c","word":"fifteen","definition":"The number equivalent to the sum of ten and five; one more than fourteen.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"quince","language_family":"germanic","root":"fīf + tīen","root_meaning":"five + ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*penkʷe-dek̑m̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fifteen","meaning":"the number 15","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fiftēne","meaning":"fifteen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fīftēne","meaning":"fifteen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fimftēhun","meaning":"fifteen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*penkʷe-dek̑m̥","meaning":"five-ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["five","ten","fifty","fifth","fourteen"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"03278d2e-e995-4006-9240-728aa166c6a2","word":"fifth","definition":"Constituting number five in a sequence; the ordinal number of five.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fifta","root_meaning":"fifth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*penkʷtós","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fifth","meaning":"ordinal number","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fifta","meaning":"fifth","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*penkʷtós","meaning":"fifth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["five","fifty","fifteen","fifthly","fiver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quint","formality":"technical"},{"word":"number five","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"190babb8-6fe2-46e6-8541-a40a8ca1f17e","word":"fifty","definition":"The number equivalent to the product of five and ten; one more than forty-nine; 50.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fif, -tig","root_meaning":"five, group of ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*penkʷe, *dekʷm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fifty","meaning":"The number 50","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiftig","meaning":"fifty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fif","meaning":"five","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-tig","meaning":"group of ten","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["five","ten","fifth","fiftieth","twenty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"half-century","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"L","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fivescore","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"many","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"771d0370-eb8c-4424-aa57-3c4038bdfe44","word":"fig","definition":"A soft pear-shaped fruit with sweet pulp and many seeds, eaten fresh or dried.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"higo","language_family":"latin","root":"ficus","root_meaning":"fig tree, fig","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fig","meaning":"fruit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fige","meaning":"fig","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ficus","meaning":"fig tree, fig","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fig leaf","fig tree","figgy","ficus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"berry","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"06d9dfbd-0a94-451a-8a57-9be0888ef5aa","word":"fight","definition":"To take part in a violent struggle; to struggle to overcome something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pelear","language_family":"germanic","root":"feohtan","root_meaning":"to fight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*feg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"fight","meaning":"To struggle in combat.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"feohtan","meaning":"To fight, to combat.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*feg-","meaning":"To fight.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["fighter","fighting","dogfight","fistfight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"battle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brawl","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"6db75658-8dd9-46e1-90f8-abee64874e12","word":"fighter","definition":"A person or animal that fights.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feohtan","root_meaning":"to fight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fehtanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fighter","meaning":"one who fights","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fight","meaning":"to combat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feohtan","meaning":"to fight, battle","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fehtanan","meaning":"to fight","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"suffix for agent noun","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fight","fighting","battle","combatant","feud"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combatant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warrior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boxer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"4be5f020-fcec-4e5f-9faa-0d35018914fe","word":"figure","definition":"A number or digit, or to understand or calculate something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"figura","language_family":"latin","root":"figura","root_meaning":"shape, form, image","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"figure","meaning":"a shape, number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"figura","meaning":"shape, form, image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fingere","meaning":"to form, shape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["figurine","configure","disfigure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"number","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shape","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"9b885c27-5d44-4be8-8fb4-95ae0a8d4831","word":"figures","definition":"Numerical symbols or amounts, or human forms depicted in art.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"figuras","language_family":"latin","root":"figura","root_meaning":"shape, form, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"figures","meaning":"numerical symbols or human forms","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"figure","meaning":"shape, form, image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"figura","meaning":"shape, form, appearance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["figure","figural","figment","figurative","disfigure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numbers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digits","formality":"technical"},{"word":"forms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shapes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"b6f14bcd-3bbf-4277-a9d6-5bf98fda4d3c","word":"file","definition":"A tool with a rough surface for smoothing or shaping, or a collection of documents stored together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fila","language_family":"latin","root":"filum","root_meaning":"thread, line","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"file","meaning":"tool or document collection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"file","meaning":"thread, line, file of people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"filum","meaning":"thread, line","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["filing","filet","filer","filament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"folder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"document","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rasp","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.994Z"}
{"id":"ac0f5fe0-291d-426c-9c50-b9c8e2801951","word":"filed","definition":"Past tense of file; submitted documents or smoothed a surface with a file tool.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"file","root_meaning":"to arrange in order or tool for smoothing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"filed","meaning":"submitted or smoothed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"file","meaning":"to arrange documents or a smoothing tool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feol","meaning":"file tool","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["file","filing","files","refiled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"submitted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recorded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arranged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"processed","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"65049722-cb64-4187-89bc-07fde76e0543","word":"filename","definition":"The name given to a computer file.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"file + name","root_meaning":"documents + identifier","root_language":"English","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"filename","meaning":"The name given to a computer file.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"file","meaning":"a collection of data","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"name","meaning":"an identifier","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["folder","directory","path","extension","document"],"synonyms":[{"word":"file name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"document name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"identifier","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"58abfbaf-1bbe-4950-9e57-924ea4afc088","word":"files","definition":"Plural of file; collections of records or tools for smoothing surfaces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fila","language_family":"latin","root":"filum","root_meaning":"thread or line","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"files","meaning":"collections of records or tools","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"file","meaning":"a line of soldiers or a smoothing tool","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fil","meaning":"thread or line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"filum","meaning":"thread","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["file","filing","filament","filet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documents","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dossiers","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.380Z"}
{"id":"a5156fcd-d7c2-4112-ba24-d201793e3da6","word":"fill","definition":"To make something full by putting something into it until it can hold no more.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fyllan","root_meaning":"to make full","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fill","meaning":"to make full","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fill","meaning":"to make full","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyllan","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["filled","filler","filling","fulfill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"populate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"load","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stuff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"5e96a442-6745-4a90-81ea-f76476137871","word":"film","definition":"A thin flexible strip of plastic coated with light-sensitive emulsion; a motion picture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English filmen","root_meaning":"thin skin or membrane","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"film","meaning":"strip of plastic; motion picture","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"film","meaning":"thin skin, membrane","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"filmen","meaning":"membrane, thin skin","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["films","filming","filmed","filmmaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"movie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motion picture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"82246067-7c34-4b42-b315-f3f67e3e70b4","word":"filmmaker","definition":"A person who makes films.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"filmmaker","meaning":"a person who makes films","children":[{"era":"current","word":"film","meaning":"motion picture; thin covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English filmen","meaning":"membrane; thin skin","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"maker","meaning":"one who makes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"make","meaning":"to fashion, form, or create","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["film","filming","filmmaking","maker","moviemaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moviemaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"producer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"7e7220f5-0dd5-4e4c-a496-90ad41321ff4","word":"films","definition":"Thin flexible strips of material coated with light-sensitive emulsion for recording images, or movies as artistic works.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"filme","language_family":"germanic","root":"filmen","root_meaning":"to filter or strain","root_language":"Old English/Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"films","meaning":"thin flexible strips for photography or movies","children":[{"era":"1890s","word":"film","meaning":"thin layer; photographic medium","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"filmen","meaning":"thin skin or membrane","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["filmy","filmmaker","filmstrip","filming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"movies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motion pictures","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pictures","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"0cf1fb18-7ffb-489d-9caa-970afb03958b","word":"filter","definition":"A device or substance used to remove unwanted particles or impurities from a liquid or gas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"filtro","language_family":"french","root":"filtrum","root_meaning":"felt or cloth used for straining","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"filter","meaning":"device for removing impurities","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"filter","meaning":"to strain through cloth","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"filtre","meaning":"to strain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"filtrum","meaning":"felt or straining cloth","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["filtrate","filtering","filtered","filtration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strainer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"f6daa962-aaad-4bf2-b66e-2e13ccc89e37","word":"filth","definition":"Foul or dirty matter; something that is morally corrupt or obscene.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fylþ","root_meaning":"foulness, impurity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fulþō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"filth","meaning":"dirty matter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"filthe","meaning":"foulness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fylþ","meaning":"foulness, impurity","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*fulþō","meaning":"foulness","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*pū-","meaning":"to rot, decay","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foul","defile","filthy","filthism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dirt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squalor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"4880019d-3c8c-4c48-85ad-e5a75b1f29bd","word":"filthy","definition":"Disgustingly dirty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"filþ","root_meaning":"filth, uncleanness, corruption","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"filthy","meaning":"disgustingly dirty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"filth","meaning":"dirt, foulness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"filþ","meaning":"filth, uncleanness","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["filth","foul","defile","polluted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dirty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squalid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grimy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"9bc5fc8b-d43e-4fd0-9611-5676785c9442","word":"fin","definition":"A membranous appendage, typically flattened, that projects from the body of a fish or other aquatic animal and is used for propulsion, steering, or balancing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"null","language_family":"germanic","root":"finn","root_meaning":"fin","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fin","meaning":"appendage on fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"finn","meaning":"fin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*finnaz","meaning":"fin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finned","finback","flounder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flipper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paddle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"237e9fc5-3851-489e-930f-568e96f6fa15","word":"final","definition":"Coming at the end; last in a series.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"final","language_family":"latin","root":"fīnālis","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to an end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"fīnālis","meaning":"Of the end, final.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"final","meaning":"Last, ultimate.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"final","meaning":"Final, last.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["finalize","finally","finalist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"last","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ultimate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"concluding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"1af60c93-fb62-4fb7-8b34-bc7c3271ec0a","word":"finale","definition":"The last part of a piece of music, performance, or public event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"final","language_family":"latin","root":"finale","root_meaning":"final, end","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finale","meaning":"the end part","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"finale","meaning":"final (noun)","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"fīnālis","meaning":"final","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fīnis","meaning":"end, boundary","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to set, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["final","finish","finite","define","confine","infinity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"climax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"culmination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"9e3daabe-9155-4709-aae4-afc8c1145313","word":"finally","definition":"At last; in the end; ultimately.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"finalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin finalis","root_meaning":"relating to the end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finally","meaning":"at last, in the end","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"final","meaning":"last, ultimate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finalis","meaning":"relating to the end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finis","meaning":"end, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["final","finality","finalize","finals"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ultimately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"eventually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at last","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in conclusion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"941444c5-d065-4af0-a242-ad6b2ce4fa94","word":"finance","definition":"The management of large amounts of money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"finanzas","language_family":"latin","root":"fīnāre","root_meaning":"to end, settle a debt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"fīnāre","meaning":"To end, settle a debt.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"finance","meaning":"Money management.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"finanzas","meaning":"Finance, finances.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["financial","financier","refinance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"funding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capital","formality":"formal"},{"word":"money management","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"5a7e2c01-abf4-4a4d-9bc3-358d50aff0fa","word":"financial","definition":"Relating to money, banking, investments, or the management of monetary resources.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"financiero","language_family":"french","root":"financer","root_meaning":"to pay or settle","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"financial","meaning":"relating to money or banking","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"finance","meaning":"to provide with money","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"financer","meaning":"to settle or pay","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fin","meaning":"end or settlement","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finance","financer","financing","financially"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monetary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"economic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fiscal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"69e8da4e-85b2-454a-8432-e836861e3497","word":"finch","definition":"A small, seed-eating songbird with a short, stout conical bill.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"finc","root_meaning":"finch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spink-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finch","meaning":"small songbird","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"finc","meaning":"finch","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*finkaz","meaning":"finch","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*spink-","meaning":"finch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chaffinch","goldfinch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"songbird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passerine","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"4847b65a-8bf2-49fe-b20e-0e555b9f0c82","word":"find","definition":"To discover or perceive something by chance or unexpectedly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"encontrar","language_family":"germanic","root":"findan","root_meaning":"to find, to discover","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*penth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"find","meaning":"To locate; to discover.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"findan","meaning":"To find, to discover.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*penth-","meaning":"To walk, to tread (and thus to discover).","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["finder","found","finding","unfound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discover","formality":"formal"},{"word":"locate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unearth","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"ff753d50-94c9-4490-b9fb-83f83ca57f23","word":"finder","definition":"A person or thing that finds something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"findan","root_meaning":"to find, discover","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fenthaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finder","meaning":"A person or thing that finds something.","children":[{"era":"null","word":"findere","meaning":"finder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"findan","meaning":"to find, discover","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*fenthaną","meaning":"to find","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["find","found","finding","searcher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discoverer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"searcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detector","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"a17d4e4a-0c2f-4b01-813a-b585e7ca65e7","word":"finding","definition":"A discovery or conclusion reached as a result of research, investigation, or inquiry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hallazgo","language_family":"germanic","root":"find","root_meaning":"to come upon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finding","meaning":"discovery or conclusion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"find","meaning":"to come upon or discover","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"findan","meaning":"to come upon","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["find","finder","findings","found","findable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discovery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclusion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"result","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"determination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"ec7ec8cb-3e23-4d36-bebb-545af31d4998","word":"fine","definition":"Of superior quality; thin or delicate in texture or construction.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fino","language_family":"latin","root":"finalis","root_meaning":"final, finished, refined","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fine","meaning":"of superior quality; thin or delicate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fine","meaning":"refined, pure, thin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finalis","meaning":"final, finished, refined","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finer","finest","finesse","refine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"high-quality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delicate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"0d4f33fa-8658-4490-8f9c-a70538be46c7","word":"finger","definition":"Each of the five digits extending from the hand, excluding or including the thumb depending on context.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"finger","root_meaning":"finger","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*penkʷ-ro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finger","meaning":"digit of the hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"finger","meaning":"finger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fingraz","meaning":"finger","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["five","fang","fin","punch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"digit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"phalange","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"3b40a0bb-ce50-4e45-9a7f-d8fc89088776","word":"fingernail","definition":"The hard, translucent plate covering the dorsal surface of the tip of a finger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"finger + nægl","root_meaning":"finger + nail","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fingraz, *nagjaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fingernail","meaning":"nail of a finger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fingernægl","meaning":"fingernail","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"finger","meaning":"finger","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nægl","meaning":"nail","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finger","nail","toenail","nail bed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unguicule","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"b4f03e43-7d1e-4017-a7a8-7be61f634697","word":"fingerprint","definition":"An impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip, especially used for identification.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"finger, print","root_meaning":"digit of the hand, impression","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fingraz, *preint","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fingerprint","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"finger","meaning":"digit of the hand","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"print","meaning":"impression","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finger","print","thumbprint","footprint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dactylogram","formality":"technical"},{"word":"impression","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"51b6067b-f15f-46d7-a66c-6f773e677f9c","word":"fingertip","definition":"A fingertip is the very end of a finger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fingertip","meaning":"the end of a finger","children":[{"era":"current","word":"finger + tip","meaning":"a compound meaning the end of a finger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"finger","meaning":"finger","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"tip","meaning":"point, end","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finger","tip","fingertips","fingerprint","fingerling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finger end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fingertop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"digit tip","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"386f0783-18ca-495c-bd99-6dbc32ed0fbf","word":"finish","definition":"To bring to an end or completion; or the final stage or surface treatment of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"finir","language_family":"latin","root":"finire","root_meaning":"to end, to limit, to bound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finish","meaning":"to complete or end","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"finish","meaning":"to end, complete","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"finir","meaning":"to end, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finire","meaning":"to end, bound, limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finis","meaning":"end, boundary, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finished","finishing","finisher","unfinished","refinish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"f9f2f1c5-c579-4bf2-be95-79ca224907cf","word":"finished","definition":"Completed or brought to an end; no longer continuing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"finiquitado","language_family":"french","root":"finir","root_meaning":"to end, finish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finished","meaning":"completed","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"finish","meaning":"to complete, end","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"finir","meaning":"to end, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finire","meaning":"to limit, end","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finish","finite","final","fine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"completed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"done","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concluded","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"a6469b93-2ab9-41ea-9a57-aa5c9806102f","word":"finite","definition":"Having limits or bounds.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"finito","language_family":"latin","root":"finire","root_meaning":"to finish, end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"finite","meaning":"having limits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fīnītus","meaning":"finished, limited","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fīnīre","meaning":"to finish, end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fīnis","meaning":"end, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finish","final","define","confine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limited","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bounded","formality":"technical"},{"word":"restricted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"7e816b1a-ec1b-45a1-b9eb-bb7384bb65e1","word":"fire","definition":"Combustion or burning, producing heat and light; to shoot a weapon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuego","language_family":"germanic","root":"fȳr","root_meaning":"fire","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*paewr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*paewr-","meaning":"Fire.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fȳr","meaning":"Fire.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"fire","meaning":"Combustion; flames.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"500s BCE","word":"pyr","meaning":"Fire.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"pyro-","meaning":"Fire (prefix).","language":"English"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["fireplace","bonfire","campfire","gunfire","pyromania"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blaze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inferno","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"fa5f497e-7899-4e78-a87f-e43ee3e78c92","word":"firefighter","definition":"A person trained to extinguish fires and respond to related emergencies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firefighter","meaning":"a person trained to extinguish fires and respond to related emergencies","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fire","meaning":"fire","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"fighter","meaning":"one who fights","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fight","meaning":"to contend or battle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fire","fight","fighting","firefight","fireman","firehouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fireman","formality":"informal"},{"word":"firewoman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fire officer","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"19151040-d429-43e9-aef8-f1243a6caac8","word":"fireman","definition":"A man who works with fires, especially a firefighter or furnace tender.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fyr + mann","root_meaning":"fire + man","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fireman","meaning":"a man who works with fires, especially a firefighter or furnace tender","children":[{"era":"late 1300s","word":"fire-man","meaning":"fire tender; later, firefighter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fire","meaning":"fire","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"man; person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["firefighter","firefighting","fireproof","firebrand","firelight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"firefighter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoker","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fire warden","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"37beaafb-b9e1-4da0-9903-33ef91e19653","word":"fireplace","definition":"A recess in a wall at the base of a chimney for a fire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fireplace","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fire","meaning":"fire","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"place","meaning":"broad street, open space","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hearth","fireside","firebox","placed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hearth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chimney","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"6399cab5-78c8-494a-9944-f57199d95865","word":"firewall","definition":"A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fȳr, weall","root_meaning":"fire; wall","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*peh₂wr̥-, *wol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firewall","meaning":"network security system","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fire","meaning":"fire","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wall","meaning":"wall","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fire","wall","fireplace","wallpaper","fireproof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"barrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"security system","formality":"technical"},{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"49cbb99a-52e6-44d3-b7f2-41696bbbf65c","word":"firewood","definition":"Wood collected and burned as fuel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firewood","meaning":"wood used as fuel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fire","meaning":"combustion or flame","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wood","meaning":"timber or tree material","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fire","wood","fireman","woodpile","firelog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fuelwood","formality":"technical"},{"word":"logs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kindling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"ebde620a-c472-4e8b-8816-b7b23b016df6","word":"firework","definition":"A device containing combustible chemicals that causes displays of light, noise, and smoke when set off.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fyr","root_meaning":"fire","root_language":"old english","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*peH₂r-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firework","meaning":"device for light and noise","children":[{"era":"current","word":"fire","meaning":"combustion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyr","meaning":"fire","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"work","meaning":"effort, labor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorc","meaning":"work","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fireplace","firebrand","network","artwork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pyrotechnic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cracker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"8953a7d6-a422-4ba5-96a3-0f973b75c859","word":"firm","definition":"Having a solid, stable, or compact structure; not soft or yielding.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"firme","language_family":"latin","root":"firmus","root_meaning":"strong, stable, fixed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firm","meaning":"solid and compact; stable","children":[{"era":"1300s-1500s","word":"firm","meaning":"solid, strong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"firmus","meaning":"strong, stable, fixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["firmly","firmness","infirm","affirm","confirm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rigid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"03e64357-ea40-4938-a253-d6a706892d7a","word":"firmly","definition":"In a firm, steady, or resolute way.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"firmemente","language_family":"latin","root":"firmus","root_meaning":"strong; steady","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firmly","meaning":"In a firm, steady, or resolute way.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"firm","meaning":"Strong; steady; fixed.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferme","meaning":"Firm; strong; stable.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"firmus","meaning":"strong; steady","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["firm","firmness","confirm","affirm","infirm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steadfastly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"securely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solidly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"818b8237-983d-415a-a11c-520ecdf68ad1","word":"firms","definition":"Businesses or companies; plural of firm, or the verb meaning to make something solid or stable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"firmas","language_family":"latin","root":"firmus","root_meaning":"strong, steady, stable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firms","meaning":"business entities or solidifying actions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"firm","meaning":"solid, strong, or a business partnership","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"firmus","meaning":"strong, steady, solid","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*dher-","meaning":"to hold, support","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["firm","firmness","firmament","confirm","infirm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"businesses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enterprises","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"73517225-2d50-4012-be40-008e52f2ec33","word":"firmware","definition":"Permanent software programmed into a read-only memory.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"firm, software","root_meaning":"strong, fixed; soft, manufactured goods","root_language":"Latin, English","root_era":"1300s, 1950s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"firmware","meaning":"permanent software in hardware","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"firm","meaning":"strong, stable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"firmus","meaning":"strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1950s","word":"software","meaning":"computer programs","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"soft","meaning":"pliable","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ware","meaning":"manufactured goods","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hardware","software","middleware","firm","wares","software engineer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embedded software","formality":"technical"},{"word":"microcode","formality":"technical"},{"word":"BIOS","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"5630b4f3-4ab9-415e-b0e2-23aaf61c3efe","word":"first","definition":"Coming before all others in time, order, or importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"primero","language_family":"germanic","root":"fyrest","root_meaning":"foremost, earliest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"Before, forward.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fore","meaning":"In front.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fyrest","meaning":"Foremost, first.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"first","meaning":"Earliest; most important.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"300s BCE","word":"primus","meaning":"First.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"primero","meaning":"First.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["firsthand","first-rate","at first"],"synonyms":[{"word":"primary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"initial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foremost","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"1f20dd96-8979-4191-a6aa-a5ec97185d84","word":"firsthand","definition":"Obtained directly from the source or by personal experience.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English fyrst + hand","root_meaning":"first + hand; direct from the source","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firsthand","meaning":"Obtained directly from the source or by personal experience.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"first hand","meaning":"Directly, not through an intermediary.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"first","meaning":"Foremost; earliest in order.","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"Hand; by extension, personal agency or direct action.","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["first","hand","direct","personal","immediate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"personal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immediate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"f9a97502-e062-4eb3-8e39-28a02b33564c","word":"firstly","definition":"In the first place; before anything else.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"first","root_meaning":"foremost; earliest in time or order","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"firstly","meaning":"in the first place; before anything else","children":[{"era":"current","word":"first","meaning":"before all others; earliest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyrst","meaning":"foremost; earliest","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["first","firstborn","first-rate","first-hand","foremost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"initially","formality":"formal"},{"word":"first","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at first","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"64d2f8f6-9859-4757-ab3a-98b583c9cc8b","word":"fiscal","definition":"Relating to government revenue, especially taxes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fiscal","language_family":"latin","root":"fiscus","root_meaning":"(money) basket, treasury","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fiscal","meaning":"relating to government revenue","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"fiscal","meaning":"of the public treasury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fiscalis","meaning":"of the treasury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fiscus","meaning":"basket, money-basket, treasury","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fisc","confiscate","fiscus","exchequer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monetary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"budgetary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pecuniary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"6dbb7523-07c5-498b-b822-e4d1adbe87a1","word":"fish","definition":"An aquatic vertebrate animal with gills, fins, and scales that lives in water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pez","language_family":"germanic","root":"fisc","root_meaning":"fish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*peisk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fish","meaning":"aquatic vertebrate animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fisc","meaning":"fish","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"peisk","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fishing","fisher","fishy","fishery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finned creature","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aquatic animal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seafood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"fe14b18a-3e7f-4b4c-a91e-5412a6dac8b9","word":"fisher","definition":"A person who fishes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fiscere","root_meaning":"fisherman","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*peisk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fisher","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiscere","meaning":"fisherman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fiskaz","meaning":"fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*peisk-","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fish","fishing","piscine","fishmonger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"angler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fisherman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"9bdc5ef2-25a8-43e9-83df-ff826359f73e","word":"fisherman","definition":"A person who catches fish, either as a profession or for sport.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fiscere","root_meaning":"fisherman","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fisherman","meaning":"Person who catches fish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fisherman","meaning":"fisherman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiscere","meaning":"fisherman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fisc","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"person, man","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fish","fisher","angler","fishing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"angler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fisher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trawler","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"76c6758f-90ca-4383-8dfe-0e4bbc932594","word":"fishery","definition":"A place where fish are caught, or the industry or occupation of catching fish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pesquería","language_family":"germanic","root":"fisc","root_meaning":"fish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*peisk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fishery","meaning":"place for catching fish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fissherie","meaning":"fishery","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fisshere","meaning":"fisherman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiscere","meaning":"fisherman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fisc","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fish","fisherman","fishing","piscine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fishing ground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aquaculture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fishing industry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"fb5e1faa-b9d1-4221-b185-55bfc1c4f512","word":"fishing","definition":"The activity of catching fish, typically using a rod, net, or trap, either for food or sport.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pesca","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English fiscan","root_meaning":"to catch fish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fiskaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fishing","meaning":"catching fish for food or sport","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fish","meaning":"aquatic animal or to catch fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fiscan","meaning":"to catch fish","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"*fiskaną","meaning":"to fish, catch fish","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"*fiskaz","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fish","fisherman","fishery","fishy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"angling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fish-catching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piscatorial pursuit","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sport fishing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"1b9ed00f-f12c-411a-b488-f2b7bb13286f","word":"fishy","definition":"Resembling a fish in taste, smell, or appearance; also, suspicious or questionable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fisc","root_meaning":"fish","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fiskaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fishy","meaning":"like a fish; suspicious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fish","meaning":"aquatic vertebrate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fiskaz","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fish","fisherman","fishery","fishbowl","fin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suspicious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dubious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"questionable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"dbd0ff98-5602-4b67-a6c2-e0ad76ad2f41","word":"fist","definition":"A hand with the fingers curled into the palm and the thumb clenched tightly across the knuckles, typically in order to strike or grasp something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fýst","root_meaning":"fist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*funhsti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fist","meaning":"clenched hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyst","meaning":"fist","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fisticuffs","fisted","fisty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clench","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"punch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"050caedb-e6eb-407b-abc6-ae467b5c0a08","word":"fit","definition":"To be of the right size or shape for something; or a sudden attack or outburst.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fitt","root_meaning":"a section or division of a poem","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fit","meaning":"to suit or be appropriate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fitt","meaning":"section, division","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fitness","fitting","fitted","outfit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"match","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"become","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"e31b1c45-ffed-4e60-9c5d-4fdbd0b4a725","word":"fitness","definition":"The condition of being physically or mentally fit and healthy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English fit","root_meaning":"fit, proper, suitable","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fitness","meaning":"state of being fit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fit","meaning":"suitable, proper","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ness","meaning":"state of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fit","fitted","fitting","misfit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"health","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wellness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"29507033-08df-4c7c-b9fc-2b3f4e6ee6e1","word":"fitz","definition":"A prefix meaning 'son of,' especially used in surnames to denote the illegitimate son of a monarch or nobleman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fiz","root_meaning":"son","root_language":"Anglo-Norman French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fitz","meaning":"son of","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fiz","meaning":"son","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"filius","meaning":"son","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["son","filial","affiliate","Fitzwilliam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scion","formality":"literary"},{"word":"descendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offspring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"9727943a-83ed-41f0-b69c-718c02697f93","word":"five","definition":"The number equivalent to 4 + 1; a quantity of five units.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cinco","language_family":"germanic","root":"fif","root_meaning":"five","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*penkwe","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"five","meaning":"the number 5","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fif","meaning":"five","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*penkwe","meaning":"five","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fifth","fifty","fivefold","quintuple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quint","formality":"technical"},{"word":"V","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"a3edd110-b09d-44f4-9fcc-81c807b430dc","word":"fix","definition":"To repair something or to make something stable and permanent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"fijar","language_family":"latin","root":"fixus","root_meaning":"fixed, fastened","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fix","meaning":"to repair or make stable","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fix","meaning":"to fasten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fixus","meaning":"fixed, fastened","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fixed","fixture","fixate","affix","prefix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"repair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remedy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"15df056c-c5d9-4df6-8351-37f8a27a78e1","word":"fixed","definition":"Firmly attached or positioned; repaired or settled.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fijado","language_family":"latin","root":"fixus","root_meaning":"fastened, fixed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*fig- (to fix, fasten)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fixed","meaning":"firmly positioned","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fix","meaning":"to fasten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fixus","meaning":"fastened, fixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fix","fixture","fixation","fixity","fixing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attached","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secured","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastened","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"696479ac-77d8-44e7-b103-ea48fdfea7f8","word":"fixture","definition":"A piece of equipment or furniture that is fixed in position in a building or room.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fijo","language_family":"french","root":"fixer","root_meaning":"to fix, make fast","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*figere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fixture","meaning":"fixed object","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fix","meaning":"to make fast","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fixer","meaning":"to fix, attach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"figere","meaning":"to fasten, pierce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fix","fixed","affix","prefix","suffix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attachment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appurtenance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"208d9656-966e-4d06-b602-f5037e08516a","word":"flag","definition":"A cloth banner or symbol used as a national emblem, or to become tired or decrease in energy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle English flagge","root_meaning":"to droop, hang down","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*fleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flag","meaning":"banner, emblem, or to droop","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flagge","meaning":"to droop, hang down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flagella","meaning":"whip","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*fleg-","meaning":"to strike, beat, or droop","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flagged","flagging","flagship","flagpole","unflagging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"banner","formality":"formal"},{"word":"standard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"color","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"droop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"ca8c878f-7bb1-44ce-8127-06810acc0d5e","word":"flake","definition":"A small, thin, flat piece that has broken away or peeled from a larger mass, such as snow, dried skin, or stone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flak","root_meaning":"flat piece, slab, ice floe","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*plak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flake","meaning":"thin flat piece","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flake","meaning":"thin flat piece, hurdle of wicker","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flak / flakna","meaning":"flat piece; to flake off or chip","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*plak-","meaning":"flat, broad","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flaky","flakiness","snowflake","cornflake","flakeboard","flake off"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sliver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"107f08dc-6ef4-4444-8616-970fe7452ea3","word":"flame","definition":"A hot glowing body of ignited gas that is generated by something on fire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flama","language_family":"latin","root":"flamma","root_meaning":"flame","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flame","meaning":"A hot glowing body of ignited gas that is generated by something on fire.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flame","meaning":"flame","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flamma","meaning":"flame","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flamboyant","flammable","inflammation","flicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blaze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inferno","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"ade1174a-10e7-4b3a-b682-3454cc8cebf5","word":"flank","definition":"The side of a person, animal, or object, or the side of a military formation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flanco","language_family":"germanic","root":"*hlankaz","root_meaning":"bent, curved, flexible","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kleng-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flank","meaning":"the side of a body or thing; the side of a military formation","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"flanc","meaning":"side, flank","children":[{"era":"800s-1200s","word":"flanc","meaning":"side, flank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hlankaz","meaning":"bent, curved, flexible","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*kleng-","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flank","flanking","flanked","flanker","flanc"],"synonyms":[{"word":"side","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"f1b79ea1-4d62-4cbf-96ac-7f7aa473ad5a","word":"flap","definition":"To flap is to move or beat loosely, quickly, or with a wavering motion, often making a flapping sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flap","meaning":"to move or beat loosely or quickly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flappen","meaning":"to move or strike with a loose, repeated motion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flap","meaning":"a sound-symbolic base suggesting sudden beating or movement","children":[],"language":"imitative base"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flapping","flapped","flapper","flappy","flapjack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"4c0c5693-7946-44b6-81da-f1b00a1c1f5d","word":"flare","definition":"A sudden burst of bright flame, light, or intense emotion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flare","meaning":"a sudden burst of flame or brightness","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"flare","meaning":"to blaze or spread outward","children":[{"era":null,"word":"uncertain origin","meaning":"probably expressive or imitative of flashing flame","children":[],"language":"Unknown"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flared","flaring","flare-up","flare-out"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blaze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burst","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"7f4fdb8f-caf3-4352-93f4-4a17806dbf75","word":"flash","definition":"A sudden bright light or to move with great speed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *flaskaz","root_meaning":"to splash or dash","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flash","meaning":"sudden bright light or rapid movement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flashe","meaning":"to splash or dart","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"flaskaz","meaning":"to splash","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flashy","flashlight","flashback","splash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gleam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flare","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spark","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"e4711ce6-ee83-4e2e-9f37-e1ce6918ae37","word":"flasher","definition":"A person who exposes their genitals in public; a device that produces a sudden brief burst of light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flash","root_meaning":"to spurt, to gush, sudden burst of light","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flasher","meaning":"one who flashes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flash","meaning":"sudden burst of light","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flash","flashing","flashlight","flashy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhibitionist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strobe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"signaller","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"126c8dd3-43e5-47a9-a7c4-890909cc03cd","word":"flashlight","definition":"A small portable electric lamp powered by batteries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flash + light","root_meaning":"a sudden burst of illumination","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*pleh₁- + *lewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flashlight","meaning":"portable electric lamp","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"flash","meaning":"sudden burst","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"light","meaning":"illumination","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spotlight","headlight","lantern","torchlight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"torch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lantern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lamp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"e8ffa89d-2ed1-449f-a802-21ca22b67615","word":"flashy","definition":"Ostentatiously showy or superficially impressive in a vulgar or tasteless way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flash","root_meaning":"sudden burst of light or water","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flashy","meaning":"ostentatiously showy","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"flash + -y","meaning":"having the quality of a flash; showy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flashen / flash","meaning":"to splash, rush of water, sudden burst of flame","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flash","flashily","flashiness","flashing","flashpoint","flashback"],"synonyms":[{"word":"showy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ostentatious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gaudy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"f2da6294-c2a2-446b-951f-38e10d0bb0d6","word":"flat","definition":"Having a smooth, level surface without raised areas or a self-contained residential unit on a single story.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flatt","root_meaning":"level, without elevation","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flat","meaning":"level or an apartment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flat","meaning":"level, smooth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flatt","meaning":"flat, level","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flatten","flatness","flatly","platform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apartment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"even","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"8070cd0b-43b2-4cf0-88e9-0fd6bef3e392","word":"flatter","definition":"To praise excessively or insincerely, especially to gain favor.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"flater","root_meaning":"to stroke, caress, smooth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flatter","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flatter","meaning":"to caress, stroke","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"flater","meaning":"to stroke, caress, smooth","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"(possible Germanic origin)","meaning":"flat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flat","flattery","blandish","compliment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"butter up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"soft-soap","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"c306a092-d698-4181-9d6b-9f6622383662","word":"flattery","definition":"Excessive or insincere praise bestowed upon someone, typically to gain favor or advantage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"flater","root_meaning":"to stroke, caress, smooth over","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flattery","meaning":"insincere excessive praise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flatterie","meaning":"flattery, blandishment","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"flater","meaning":"to flatter, stroke smooth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*flat-","meaning":"flat, smooth","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flatter","flatterer","flattering","flatteringly","self-flattery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adulation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cajolery","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blandishment","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sycophancy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"ba73bb8b-350a-43e5-b5b4-a912cdbf538b","word":"flaw","definition":"A flaw is a defect or imperfection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"flaga","root_meaning":"chip; slab; fragment","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flaw","meaning":"a defect or imperfection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flaw(e)","meaning":"a chip, crack, or defect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flaga","meaning":"a slab, chip, or fragment","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flawed","flawless","flawlessness","flawing","flawlessly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"defect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blemish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fault","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"17fe38e1-940e-423f-9f49-2c116982f492","word":"flea","definition":"A tiny wingless insect that feeds on the blood of mammals and birds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flēa","root_meaning":"flea","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flea","meaning":"a tiny blood-feeding insect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flēa","meaning":"flea","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fleabite","fleabane","flea-bitten","fleapowder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parasite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"insect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"12d4aa15-41e3-4767-8b81-1597803cc415","word":"flee","definition":"To run away from a place or situation of danger.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fleon","root_meaning":"to flee, escape","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flee","meaning":"To run away from a place or situation of danger.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fleon","meaning":"to flee, escape","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*fleuhan","meaning":"null","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*plew-","meaning":"to flow, run","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flight","fugitive","flown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"escape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abscond","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bolt","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"9c4898e6-9f2c-4ec6-aef8-c614d78e06a7","word":"fleece","definition":"The woolly covering of a sheep or similar animal, or a soft, warm fabric resembling it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flēos","root_meaning":"fleece, wool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fleece","meaning":"The woolly covering of a sheep.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flēos","meaning":"fleece, wool","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*plew-","meaning":"to pluck, to pull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic/PIE"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["floss","ply","pluck","flee","flue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pelt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"c6cca778-5f64-4e4f-a31c-2fff44cde661","word":"fleet","definition":"A group of vehicles, especially ships or aircraft, operating together or under the same ownership.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flota","language_family":"germanic","root":"fleotan","root_meaning":"to float, to flow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fleet","meaning":"a group of ships or vehicles","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flēot","meaning":"ship, raft, estuary","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fleotan","meaning":"to float, flow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["float","flow","flit","afloat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"squadron","formality":"technical"},{"word":"armada","formality":"literary"},{"word":"convoy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"11e19a49-f5da-49cf-b2e4-7f7fa9119c54","word":"flesh","definition":"The soft substance consisting of muscle and fat that is found between the skin and bones of an animal or human.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flæsc","root_meaning":"flesh","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*flaiską","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flesh","meaning":"The soft substance consisting of muscle and fat that is found between the skin and bones of an animal or human.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"flesh","meaning":"body, meat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flæsc","meaning":"flesh, meat","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fleshy","fleshly","fleshpot","fresh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"muscle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pulp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"body","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"06ef1b33-868f-4c0d-a962-fcffbf1d4d56","word":"fletcher","definition":"A person who makes arrows.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"flechier","root_meaning":"arrow-maker","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fletcher","meaning":"A person who makes arrows.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fletcher","meaning":"arrow-maker","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flechier","meaning":"arrow-maker","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fleche","meaning":"arrow","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["arrow","bowyer","archer","quiver","fletching"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrow-maker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bowyer","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"79c8d8cc-f7b5-49bc-8bad-04c0b35d911c","word":"flex","definition":"To bend a limb or joint; also, to show off or boast in an ostentatious manner.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"flexionar","language_family":"latin","root":"flectere","root_meaning":"to bend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flex","meaning":"To bend or boast.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flexion","meaning":"a bending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flexio","meaning":"a bending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flectere","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flexible","inflection","reflex","deflect","reflection","flection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contract","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boast","formality":"informal"},{"word":"flaunt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"8e521b3f-e386-48fb-a05b-4eb49cc8d4a1","word":"flexibility","definition":"The quality of bending easily without breaking, or the ability to be easily modified.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flexibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"flectere","root_meaning":"to bend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flexibility","meaning":"Quality of bending easily","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"flexibilite","meaning":"flexibility","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flexibilitas","meaning":"flexibility","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flexibilis","meaning":"flexible, pliable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flectere","meaning":"to bend","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flexible","flex","reflection","deflect","inflect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pliability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suppleness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adaptability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elasticity","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"76003704-b978-4fe9-b94f-47ee66738fe7","word":"flexible","definition":"Capable of bending easily without breaking.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"flexible","language_family":"latin","root":"flexus","root_meaning":"bent, curved","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flexible","meaning":"capable of bending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flexibilis","meaning":"pliant, flexible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flexus","meaning":"bent, curved (past participle of flectere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flectere","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flexion","reflex","inflection","perplex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pliable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elastic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adaptable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"d22da3a2-f676-4052-abe4-9ef33c8317d2","word":"flick","definition":"A quick, light blow or movement; also, a movie.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"flikka","root_meaning":"strike lightly","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flick","meaning":"a quick movement; a movie","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flicken","meaning":"to strike lightly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flikka","meaning":"to beat lightly","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flinch","flack","flicker","fling","flap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"movie","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"0d3ef9b7-9950-4281-b2e3-479a88f43734","word":"flight","definition":"The act of flying or movement through the air, or an escape from danger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuga","language_family":"germanic","root":"fleogan","root_meaning":"to fly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1000","proto_root":"*pleuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flight","meaning":"Act of flying or escape","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flight","meaning":"act of flying","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"fleight","meaning":"act of flying, from fleogan","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"fleogan","meaning":"to fly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fly","flier","flying","flight path"],"synonyms":[{"word":"escape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evasion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"getaway","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"ecb0a6eb-cfda-4379-815e-e5fcb595051e","word":"flights","definition":"Plural of flight; journeys through the air in an aircraft or the act of fleeing from danger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flyht","root_meaning":"act of flying or fleeing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*fleug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flights","meaning":"journeys by air or acts of fleeing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flight","meaning":"act of flying or fleeing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fleug-","meaning":"to fly, flee","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"flyht","meaning":"act of flying or fleeing","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"flēogan","meaning":"to fly, flee","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flight","flying","flew","fly","refuge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journeys","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trips","formality":"informal"},{"word":"voyages","formality":"formal"},{"word":"escapes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"7b08b95e-98c9-4e95-9430-2492ad21b8ec","word":"flint","definition":"A hard, gray, or black stone, a form of chert, used for striking sparks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flint","root_meaning":"flint","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*flinþaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flint","meaning":"A hard stone for striking sparks","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flint","meaning":"flint","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flinty","flintlock","flintstone","chert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chert","formality":"technical"},{"word":"quartz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"5e548261-98e9-4754-b26e-4a2d820fa410","word":"flip","definition":"To turn over with a quick, light movement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"16th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flip","meaning":"to turn over quickly","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"flip","meaning":"to strike or flick","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"*flipp*","meaning":"sound of a quick movement","children":[],"language":"imitative"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flop","flick","flapper","flippant","flip-flop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"turn over","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"invert","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"982e09ff-3e5f-45f2-ad70-1c56cedbee89","word":"float","definition":"Rest or move on or near the surface of a liquid without sinking.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"flotar","language_family":"germanic","root":"flotian","root_meaning":"to float","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"float","meaning":"to rest on water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flotian","meaning":"to float, swim","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*flutōną","meaning":"to float","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*pleu-","meaning":"to flow, to float","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flotilla","flotation","fleet","flume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"3af2c1d7-f9eb-48de-a4df-1d41659e9bf9","word":"flock","definition":"A group of birds or sheep or other animals of one kind, or a large number of people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flocc","root_meaning":"a company, troop","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*flokkaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flock","meaning":"a group of animals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flocc","meaning":"a company, troop","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*flokkaz","meaning":"troop, band","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flocculent","floc","flocking","aflock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"herd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crowd","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"0001ac7c-79ac-47c3-a2e7-dce0a6d1b54f","word":"flood","definition":"An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flōd","root_meaning":"flowing water, flood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flood","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flōd","meaning":"flood, deluge","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*flōduz","meaning":"flood","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*pleh₃-","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flow","fluid","fleet","afloat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deluge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inundation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overflow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"8bc9e59f-2ce1-4989-89f6-7e473fc8446f","word":"floor","definition":"The lower surface of a room or building on which one stands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flor","root_meaning":"that which floats; a layer","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pele-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"floor","meaning":"lower surface to stand on","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flor","meaning":"floor; that which floats","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*pele-","meaning":"to spread; flat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flooring","floorboard","flower"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deck","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"710798e5-2709-404e-ba8e-01eb6e4fd18c","word":"flop","definition":"To flop is to fall or collapse heavily, or to fail badly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flop","meaning":"to fall or fail heavily","children":[{"era":"late 1500s","word":"flop","meaning":"sound-symbolic word suggesting a heavy, awkward fall","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flopped","flopping","flopper","floppy","floppiest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collapse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crash","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bomb","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"417f6458-dda0-4d0c-9a4b-5d2f6b87b847","word":"floppy","definition":"Soft and flexible; tending to hang or fall loosely.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flop","root_meaning":"to move clumsily or loosely","root_language":"English (imitative)","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"floppy","meaning":"soft and flexible","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"flop","meaning":"to move clumsily or loosely","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"flap","meaning":"to move up and down","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flop","flap","flippant","flimsy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drooping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flaccid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"fbb9753e-52e9-411c-bc83-6fdc275d0ff2","word":"flora","definition":"The plants of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flora","language_family":"latin","root":"Flōra","root_meaning":"goddess of flowers, flower","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flora","meaning":"plants of a region","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flōra","meaning":"goddess of flowers, flowers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flōs","meaning":"flower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*flōs","meaning":"flower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*bhel-","meaning":"to bloom, flourish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flower","flourish","floral","florid","effloresce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vegetation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plant life","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greens","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"94125611-0847-4a94-b734-d53b2f9051cd","word":"floral","definition":"Relating to or consisting of flowers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"floral","language_family":"latin","root":"floralis","root_meaning":"of flowers","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhel- (3)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"floral","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"floralis","meaning":"of flowers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flos","meaning":"flower","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bhel- (3)","meaning":"to thrive, bloom","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flower","florist","efflorescence","blossom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flowery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"botanical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"15cc5072-7626-43a0-aa7a-df02b4ab051e","word":"florida","definition":"A state in the southeastern United States located on a peninsula.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Florida","language_family":"other","root":"Florido","root_meaning":"flowery, blooming","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Florida","meaning":"U.S. state, place name","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Florida","meaning":"land of flowers","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"La Florida","meaning":"the flowery land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"florido","meaning":"flowery, blooming","children":[],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Floridian","floral","flower","flora"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Sunshine State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Peninsula State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:38.859Z"}
{"id":"7d92ba43-f8f8-4118-bf4c-5bc79a06f73c","word":"florist","definition":"A person who sells and arranges cut flowers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"florista","language_family":"latin","root":"flos","root_meaning":"flower","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰleh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"florist","meaning":"flower seller","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"floriste","meaning":"flower grower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flos","meaning":"flower","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flower","floral","flora","flourish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flower seller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flower arranger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"f03e31d7-2a28-4bb7-a4f4-ed7a4b77be77","word":"floss","definition":"A soft thread or filament used especially for cleaning between the teeth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"floccus","root_meaning":"tuft of wool; lock of wool","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"floss","meaning":"A soft thread or filament used especially for cleaning between the teeth.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"floche","meaning":"Tuft, down, or soft fiber","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"floccus","meaning":"Tuft of wool; lock of wool","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flossy","flossing","dental floss","silk floss"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filament","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fiber","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"c23d1116-10ea-47c0-a03d-2ee78708c6dc","word":"flour","definition":"A powder obtained by grinding grain, typically wheat, and used to make bread, cakes, and pastry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flor","language_family":"latin","root":"flos","root_meaning":"flower, finest part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhleh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flour","meaning":"A powder obtained by grinding grain, typically wheat, and used to make bread, cakes, and pastry.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flour","meaning":"finest part of grain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flor","meaning":"flower, finest part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flos","meaning":"flower, finest part","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*bhleh₃-","meaning":"to bloom, flower","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flower","floral","bloom","efflorescence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grist","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"1659ad79-7679-4a27-bb70-4021aab26136","word":"flourish","definition":"To grow or develop vigorously, or to thrive and prosper.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"florecer","language_family":"latin","root":"flos, floris","root_meaning":"flower","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flourish","meaning":"to thrive or grow vigorously","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English flourishen","meaning":"to bloom or thrive","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French florir / floriss-","meaning":"to bloom, blossom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin florere","meaning":"to bloom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flos, floris","meaning":"flower","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flower","floral","florid","florist","floriferous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thrive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blossom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prosper","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"f043188d-79b7-4fbe-9ca5-a7e2fc8a8b68","word":"flow","definition":"To move steadily and continuously; the movement of a liquid or gas","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flōwan","root_meaning":"to flow, stream","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*flōan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"flow","meaning":"to move steadily; continuous movement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flōwan","meaning":"to flow, stream","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*flōan-","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flowing","overflow","workflow","inflow","outflow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"circulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"run","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:05:59.099Z"}
{"id":"d9ec29be-ef39-4126-add5-61967a6074f3","word":"flower","definition":"The seed-bearing part of a plant; to blossom.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flor","language_family":"french","root":"flor","root_meaning":"flower, blossom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*bhel-","meaning":"To thrive, to bloom.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"flos / floris","meaning":"Flower, blossom.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"flour","meaning":"Flower, finest part.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flower","meaning":"Blossom of a plant.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"flor","meaning":"Flower.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["flour","flourish","flora","floral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blossom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flora","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"5e88f6b3-149a-4f31-bb52-64b302a34c08","word":"flowers","definition":"The colorful reproductive structures of plants that bloom and are often fragrant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flores","language_family":"latin","root":"floreus","root_meaning":"blooming, in bloom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhleh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flowers","meaning":"blooming reproductive plant structures","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flower","meaning":"the bloom of a plant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"flos","meaning":"a flower, bloom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flower","floral","flora","flowering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blooms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blossoms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"florals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"florets","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"3f41bb3e-1738-429c-967f-1fec4636ff3e","word":"flu","definition":"A common infectious disease that is caused by a virus and that causes fever, chills, and muscle aches.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"influenza","root_meaning":"influence","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flu","meaning":"A common infectious disease","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"influenza","meaning":"influence (of the stars, causing epidemics)","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"influenza","meaning":"influence, inflow","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"influere","meaning":"to flow into","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"fluere","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["influence","fluid","fluctuate","affluent","confluence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"influenza","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grippe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"4c7b847d-d6aa-48a2-b5de-c21dc3eaef59","word":"fluffy","definition":"Fluffy means soft, light, and covered with fine fibers or down.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"fluff","root_meaning":"soft down or fuzz","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fluffy","meaning":"soft, light, and covered with fine fibers or down","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"fluff","meaning":"soft down, fuzz, or light fibrous material","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fluff","fluffiness","fluffing","fluffed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"downy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fuzzy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"feathery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"21d0eb8c-5824-4d60-b01e-60106195b87e","word":"fluid","definition":"A substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure; a gas or a liquid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fluido","language_family":"latin","root":"fluidus","root_meaning":"flowing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰleu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fluid","meaning":"A substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"fluide","meaning":"fluid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fluidus","meaning":"flowing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fluidity","flow","fluctuate","flux"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liquid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gas","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flowing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"running","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"76a22328-00e5-4770-8d86-1c165058edd5","word":"flush","definition":"To redden or blush; to clean or rinse out with a rush of water; to be level with.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"flushen","root_meaning":"flow, rush, gush","root_language":"Middle English (imitative or Germanic/French)","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flush","meaning":"to redden, to rinse, to be level","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"flushen","meaning":"to gush, spray, flow quickly","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flow","fluent","flux","fluid","gush","afflux"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rinse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"aecf2bd6-27c4-4b78-b09e-217a16f86797","word":"flute","definition":"A woodwind instrument consisting of a tube with finger holes or keys, played by blowing across an embouchure or into a fipple.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flauta","language_family":"french","root":"flaüte","root_meaning":"flute (instrument)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flute","meaning":"musical instrument","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"flaüte","meaning":"flute","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flautist","fluted","fluting","fluty","flautino"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pipe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recorder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"5ce6adcf-7c12-4e2e-9821-48b535c081ec","word":"flux","definition":"The action or process of flowing or flowing out, especially continuously.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"flujo","language_family":"latin","root":"fluere","root_meaning":"to flow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰleu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flux","meaning":"continuous flow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"flux","meaning":"flow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fluxus","meaning":"a flow, flowing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fluere","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fluid","affluent","superfluous","influence","fluctuate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"current","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inconstancy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"530305f2-4638-464c-aefb-26f355cef72c","word":"fly","definition":"To move through the air using wings or an aircraft","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"flēogan","root_meaning":"to fly, flee through air","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fleugan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"fly","meaning":"to move through the air","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flēogan","meaning":"to fly","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fleugan-","meaning":"to fly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flying","flew","flight","flyover","butterfly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soar","formality":"literary"},{"word":"glide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:05:59.099Z"}
{"id":"80df19aa-93b2-49c1-8365-48aad8cfa81c","word":"flyer","definition":"A person or thing that flies, especially a printed handbill or leaflet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*fleuganą","root_meaning":"to fly","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"flyer","meaning":"A person or thing that flies, especially a printed handbill or leaflet.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"fly + -er","meaning":"Agent noun built from the verb fly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fly","meaning":"To move through the air","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fleuganą","meaning":"To fly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*plewk-","meaning":"To fly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"Agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fly","flying","flier","flyable","flyer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leaflet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handbill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"0079818d-dc9d-4e33-bb55-6de2b71d6c87","word":"foam","definition":"A mass of small bubbles formed on or in liquid, typically by agitation or fermentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fām","root_meaning":"foam","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*poimā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foam","meaning":"mass of small bubbles","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fām","meaning":"foam","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*poimā-","meaning":"foam","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["froth","effervesce","spume","scum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"froth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lather","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"13dd81e4-4eb9-4948-989a-2121bad32a8f","word":"focal","definition":"Relating to or having a focus.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"focal","language_family":"latin","root":"focus","root_meaning":"hearth, fireplace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhogʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"focal","meaning":"relating to a focus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"focus","meaning":"hearth, fireplace; point of convergence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["focus","defocus","focalize","focuser","foci"],"synonyms":[{"word":"central","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"main","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"c383412d-aa82-46b7-bfb9-ca3c33218a07","word":"focus","definition":"The center of interest or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"foco","language_family":"latin","root":"focus","root_meaning":"hearth, fireplace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"focus","meaning":"Hearth, fireplace.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"focus","meaning":"Center of attention.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"foco","meaning":"Focus, center.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["focal","focused","refocus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concentration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attention","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"d58bb660-71e8-4a0d-9711-4c851b2cb1c1","word":"fog","definition":"A thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere that reduces visibility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fog","meaning":"atmospheric obscurity","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"fog","meaning":"thick cloud","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foggy","mist","haze","smog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"d3da5aa4-689c-4d0a-b0be-3919e20f9f49","word":"foggy","definition":"Foggy means full of, covered by, or obscured by fog, and by extension unclear or hazy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foggy","meaning":"covered in fog; unclear","children":[{"era":"current","word":"fog","meaning":"a dense mist","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fog","fogginess","fogged","fogging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"misty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hazy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murky","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"6afcee76-849f-4e29-aa67-6433ba5565b5","word":"foil","definition":"A thin sheet of metal, especially one used for wrapping, covering, or decoration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hoja","language_family":"latin","root":"folium","root_meaning":"leaf","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foil","meaning":"a thin sheet of metal","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"feuille / foille","meaning":"leaf; thin sheet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"folium","meaning":"leaf","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foil","foils","foiled","foiling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sheet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leaf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lamina","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"029641c7-ab55-4930-b1f9-b8fd40d4b70c","word":"fold","definition":"To bend (something flexible) over on itself so that one part of it covers another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"faldan","root_meaning":"to fold, roll up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fold","meaning":"to bend over on itself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"faldan","meaning":"to fold, roll up","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*falþaną","meaning":"to fold","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*pel-","meaning":"to fold, plait","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["duplicate","ply","complex","manifold","envelope","pleat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"double","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleat","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"d70d4e95-2527-4de5-8acd-4866e31d1a5c","word":"folder","definition":"A filing cover or a directory used to organize files on a computer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"faldan","root_meaning":"to fold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"folder","meaning":"A filing cover or a directory used to organize files on a computer.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fold","meaning":"to bend over on itself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"faldan","meaning":"to fold","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*pel-","meaning":"to fold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fold","manifold","faldstool","pleat","complex","folio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"binder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directory","formality":"technical"},{"word":"portfolio","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"e1cf420d-ebd0-4c6f-87ec-7a279e605dc2","word":"folk","definition":"People in general.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"folc","root_meaning":"people, army","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"folk","meaning":"People in general.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"folc","meaning":"people, army","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fulką","meaning":"host, army, people","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*pleh₁-","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["folksy","folklore","volk","public","fill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"populace","formality":"formal"},{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"ff8fa3a2-bd31-4ac3-a959-b59359441295","word":"follow","definition":"To go or come after; to act according to instructions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"seguir","language_family":"germanic","root":"folgian","root_meaning":"to follow, to accompany","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*fulg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"follow","meaning":"To come after; to obey.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"folgian","meaning":"To follow, to go after.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*fulg-","meaning":"To follow.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["following","follower","follow-up","unfollow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pursue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"9bd1c0f6-f0c2-401e-a719-7655b1e5bbdc","word":"followed","definition":"Past tense of follow; went or came after someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"folgian","root_meaning":"to follow, go after","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*felg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"followed","meaning":"went after","children":[{"era":"current","word":"follow","meaning":"to go or come after","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"folgian","meaning":"to follow, go after","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["follow","follower","following","followed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pursued","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trailed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"succeeded","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"5e02391a-a50e-4a32-9b52-1c2ea01a0165","word":"follower","definition":"A person who supports and admires a particular person, idea, or set of beliefs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"folgian","root_meaning":"to follow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fulgōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"follower","meaning":"A person who supports and admires","children":[{"era":"current","word":"follow","meaning":"to go or come after","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"folgian","meaning":"to follow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fulgōną","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["follow","following","pursuit","devotee","adherent","supporter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adherent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"disciple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fan","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"03dd607c-e2d8-43bf-859f-e221a15c1ac7","word":"following","definition":"Coming immediately after in time or sequence; also a group of supporters or admirers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"siguiente","language_family":"germanic","root":"folgian","root_meaning":"to go or come after","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pelk- (to fold, follow)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"following","meaning":"coming after; a group of supporters","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"follow","meaning":"to go after, pursue","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"folgian","meaning":"to go or come after","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["follow","follower","followed","follows"],"synonyms":[{"word":"next","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subsequent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"succeeding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"93d3b0ed-df79-4cd7-84ae-7a228dc7284a","word":"follows","definition":"Comes after in time or sequence, or understands.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sigue","language_family":"germanic","root":"folgjan","root_meaning":"to follow","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"follows","meaning":"comes after or understands","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"follow","meaning":"to pursue, come after","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"folgjan","meaning":"to follow, join","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["follow","follower","following","followed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"succeeds","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pursues","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprehends","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"894a2202-7a95-4970-896d-ad812d80385d","word":"folly","definition":"Foolishness; a lack of good sense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fol","root_meaning":"foolish, mad","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"folly","meaning":"foolishness; lack of good sense","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"folie","meaning":"foolishness, madness","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fol","meaning":"foolish; mad","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fool","foolish","foolery","foolhardy","foolproof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foolishness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imprudence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"absurdity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"f059f716-cc7c-424b-9328-506a06be2212","word":"fond","definition":"Having a strong liking or affection for someone or something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fonned","root_meaning":"foolish, simple, silly","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fond","meaning":"having affection","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fonned","meaning":"foolish, simple, silly","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fondle","fondness","fool","folly","fancy","faint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"affectionate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devoted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attached","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"1bc609b1-6728-44b4-95e5-cb321698aa59","word":"font","definition":"A set of type of one particular face and size; or a basin for holding water in a church.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuente","language_family":"latin","root":"fons","root_meaning":"spring, fountain, source","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhwen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"font","meaning":"typeface or basin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"font","meaning":"baptismal basin","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fonte","meaning":"fountain, spring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fons","meaning":"spring, fountain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fountain","font size","typeface","fontal","fontanel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"typeface","formality":"technical"},{"word":"basin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fount","formality":"literary"},{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"a17f784c-f2a7-4415-86e0-3de32ce64e8c","word":"food","definition":"Any nutritious substance that animals and plants eat or absorb.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comida","language_family":"germanic","root":"fōda","root_meaning":"food, nourishment","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*pat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"food","meaning":"Nutritious substance for consumption.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fōda","meaning":"Food, nourishment.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*pat-","meaning":"To nourish.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["foodie","seafood","fast food","fodder","foster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nourishment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sustenance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grub","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"8d3d84ad-ac25-4eb8-ab6b-83cedb9d0ef5","word":"fool","definition":"A person who acts unwisely or imprudently; a jester or clown.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"follis","root_meaning":"bellows, bag (empty-headed)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fool","meaning":"a silly person","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fol","meaning":"foolish, madman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"follis","meaning":"bellows, bag (empty-headed)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["folly","foolish","buffoon","deflate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"jester","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dunce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"0bf46b17-f326-47e7-bf71-8492f96285aa","word":"foolish","definition":"Lacking good sense or judgment; unwise.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fol","root_meaning":"fool, madman","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foolish","meaning":"lacking good sense","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"folish","meaning":"foolish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fol","meaning":"fool, madman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"follis","meaning":"bellows, bag (metaphorically empty-headed)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fool","folly","befool","foolhardy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idiotic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"unwise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"82cd5545-b99b-4fe5-a5c9-2fbba2d9155f","word":"foot","definition":"The lower extremity of the leg on which a person or animal stands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pie","language_family":"germanic","root":"fōt","root_meaning":"foot","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foot","meaning":"lower extremity of leg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"foot","meaning":"foot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fōt","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feet","footer","footpath","pedal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sole","formality":"technical"},{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"c13d00dc-c121-4230-b5fa-97c0721c0f03","word":"football","definition":"A sport played between two teams trying to advance a ball toward opposing goal lines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fútbol","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English foot + ball","root_meaning":"foot + ball","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"football","meaning":"sport with ball played with feet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"foot","meaning":"lower extremity","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ball","meaning":"round object","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["footballer","football-field","football-pitch","football-game"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soccer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"association football","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"8ad8f8ee-9db6-473a-81d8-ea2991031288","word":"footprint","definition":"An impression or mark left by a foot or shoe on a surface; also, the amount of space something occupies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fot","root_meaning":"foot","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"footprint","meaning":"impression left by a foot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"foot","meaning":"lowest part of the leg","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fot-","meaning":"foot","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ped-","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"print","meaning":"an impression made by pressing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"preinte","meaning":"pressed, impression","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foot","print","step","track","trace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impression","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trace","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"2b96de16-87fc-45fd-aa60-5ccb6848e986","word":"footwear","definition":"Outer coverings for the feet, such as shoes, boots, or sandals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"foot","root_meaning":"foot","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fōts","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"footwear","meaning":"outer coverings for feet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"foot","meaning":"foot","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fōts","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wear","meaning":"clothing, act of wearing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"werian","meaning":"to clothe, wear","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wazjaną","meaning":"to clothe, wear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["footprint","footman","wearing","apparel","barefoot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shoes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boots","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hosiery","formality":"technical"},{"word":"footgear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"55448784-e954-4637-9dc4-4061074f12d8","word":"for","definition":"Preposition indicating purpose, intended recipient, duration, or reason.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fore","root_meaning":"before, in front of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pro","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"for","meaning":"preposition of purpose or duration","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"for","meaning":"before, in front of, for","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*pro","meaning":"forward, in front","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fore","forth","forward","before"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intended for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"during","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"23049799-106d-4596-bee6-abbeb4b9df96","word":"forbid","definition":"To command (someone) not to do something, or say that something is not allowed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forbēodan","root_meaning":"to prohibit, to command against","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*beudana-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forbid","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forbēodan","meaning":"to prohibit","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*furbiudaną","meaning":"to command, prohibit","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*bʰewdʰ-","meaning":"to make aware, to observe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bid","bide","bode","forbidden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prohibit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlaw","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"04cc36e4-504e-4ae3-bfb2-2327cd5c05c3","word":"force","definition":"Strength or energy exerted; coercion; a fundamental physical interaction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuerza","language_family":"french","root":"fortis","root_meaning":"strong","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*bhergh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"200s BCE","word":"fortis","meaning":"Strong.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"force","meaning":"Strength, power.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"force","meaning":"Physical strength; coercion.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"fuerza","meaning":"Force, strength.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["enforce","reinforce","fortress","fortify","comfort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strength","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"might","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"8b92f5f0-dbe4-4f76-914c-f2c00f293501","word":"forced","definition":"Obtained, imposed, or brought about against natural inclination or resistance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"forzado","language_family":"latin","root":"fortis","root_meaning":"strong","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forced","meaning":"compelled, obtained under pressure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"force","meaning":"compulsion, strength","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortis","meaning":"strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["force","enforce","reinforce","forceful","forcibly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compelled","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coerced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"artificial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unnatural","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"a7fdef7f-4fb6-4580-8f20-09973aaabba0","word":"forces","definition":"Plural of force; physical strength or the power to influence something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuerzas","language_family":"latin","root":"fortia","root_meaning":"strength, power","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forces","meaning":"plural of force; strength or coercion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"force","meaning":"strength, violence, compulsion","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"force","meaning":"strength, force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortia","meaning":"strong, powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["force","forceful","enforce","reinforce","forced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strength","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coercion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"might","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"5ff335fa-5c15-4b3b-8d74-008f5af6ed89","word":"ford","definition":"A shallow place in a river or stream allowing one to cross on foot or in a vehicle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vado","language_family":"germanic","root":"faran","root_meaning":"to go, to travel, to cross","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ford","meaning":"shallow river crossing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ford","meaning":"shallow place to cross water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"faran","meaning":"to go, to cross","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fare","ferry","ford motor company","Oxford"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crossing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fording place","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shallow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"228910b3-7f80-4a5a-9e71-710b9b7b5447","word":"fore","definition":"in or toward the front; ahead.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*fura-","root_meaning":"before, in front of","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fore","meaning":"in or toward the front; ahead","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fore","meaning":"before, in front of, earlier","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fura-","meaning":"before, in front of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*per-","meaning":"forward, in front of","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forefront","forehead","foretell","foresee","foreman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ahead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frontward","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"23a6e469-1e3a-4d60-81cc-23f30a9f4a20","word":"forecast","definition":"A prediction or estimate of future weather or events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fore- + cast","root_meaning":"before + throw","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per- and *gest-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"forecast","meaning":"a prediction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fore-","meaning":"before or in front","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cast","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forewarn","foresee","forecaster","forecasting","forecastable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prediction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"projection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prognosis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"outlook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"f5fb4207-202c-4bd3-be18-6fbd64525bab","word":"forehead","definition":"The part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forheafod","root_meaning":"front part of the head","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fura-hawbudam","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forehead","meaning":"The part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forheafod","meaning":"forehead","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"for","meaning":"before, in front of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heafod","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["head","fore","helm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brow","formality":"literary"},{"word":"front","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"0e53b29b-497c-4a7b-b906-4df75c22e81b","word":"foreign","definition":"Originating from or belonging to another country or outside source.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"foráneo","language_family":"latin","root":"foris","root_meaning":"outside, abroad","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foreign","meaning":"from another country","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"foreign","meaning":"external, from outside","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"forain","meaning":"exterior, strange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foris","meaning":"outside, abroad","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foreigner","forewarn","forest","forum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"external","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alien","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overseas","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"dc0c5db2-e3c8-4197-bbbf-505f7c85ea7d","word":"foreigner","definition":"A person born in or coming from a country other than one's own.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"forastero","language_family":"french","root":"foris","root_meaning":"outside, out of doors","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foreigner","meaning":"person from another country","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forein","meaning":"outside, alien","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foranus","meaning":"from outside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foris","meaning":"outside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foreign","forensic","forum","outside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alien","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stranger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outsider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immigrant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"ccc6c08c-cf3a-49f5-9ccd-c75d34af2ac6","word":"foreman","definition":"A person who supervises a group of workers, especially in a factory or on a construction site.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fore- + man","root_meaning":"before, in front + person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per- + *mann","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foreman","meaning":"a person who supervises a group of workers","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fore-","meaning":"before, in front","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["before","former","human","mankind","forego","forefather"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supervisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boss","formality":"informal"},{"word":"overseer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"3ed2a02a-73d8-4e38-bd39-2dc164d54c7a","word":"forensic","definition":"Relating to or denoting the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"forense","language_family":"latin","root":"forensis","root_meaning":"of or belonging to the forum, public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forensic","meaning":"relating to courts of law","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forensis","meaning":"of or belonging to the forum, public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forum","meaning":"public place, market, court","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forum","forensics","judiciary","court"],"synonyms":[{"word":"judicial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investigative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"0d49b772-af81-48d1-80ee-bfcc12a55d19","word":"forensics","definition":"The scientific methods and techniques used to investigate crimes, including the collection and analysis of physical evidence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"forense","language_family":"latin","root":"forensis","root_meaning":"of a forum, public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰwor-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forensics","meaning":"crime investigation science","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"forensic","meaning":"relating to courts of law","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forensis","meaning":"of a forum, public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forum","meaning":"public place, marketplace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forum","forensic","forensically","forensic science"],"synonyms":[{"word":"criminalistics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"judicial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legal science","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"663bd149-ce7b-4365-a90b-f4439348b56a","word":"foreplay","definition":"Sexual activity or behavior that precedes intercourse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English fore + plegian","root_meaning":"before + to play, exercise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foreplay","meaning":"Sexual activity or behavior that precedes intercourse.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"fore + play","meaning":"before + play","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fore-","meaning":"before; in front of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"play","meaning":"to amuse oneself; to exercise or move","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fore","foreword","forehand","play","playful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"petting","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sexual preliminaries","formality":"technical"},{"word":"prelude","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"31b67632-c220-47d3-823b-686b57f89dcd","word":"forest","definition":"A large area of land covered with trees and undergrowth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bosque","language_family":"latin","root":"forestis","root_meaning":"outside (the enclosed forest)","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forest","meaning":"wooded land","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forest","meaning":"wooded land","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"forestis","meaning":"outside the enclosure","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forested","forestry","forester","afforest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woodland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woods","formality":"informal"},{"word":"timber","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"e131abf7-5429-40be-87c0-03dfb68eba3d","word":"forestry","definition":"The science or practice of planting, managing, and caring for forests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"forestería","language_family":"french","root":"forest","root_meaning":"woods, forest, hunting preserve","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forestry","meaning":"Science of managing forests","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forest","meaning":"large area of trees","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forest","meaning":"woods, hunting preserve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foris","meaning":"outside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ry","meaning":"denoting a type of activity or place","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forest","forester","deforestation","afforestation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silviculture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"arboriculture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"conservation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"897bf057-8a8f-4bf3-aabe-7e666040ca9b","word":"forever","definition":"For all time; for an indefinitely long time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forever","meaning":"for all time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100/1100s","word":"for + ever","meaning":"for + at any time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"for","meaning":"before, in front of, on account of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfre","meaning":"ever","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English/Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["for","ever","everlasting","never","whenever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eternally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"always","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endlessly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"9d20a5f5-92c8-4338-a359-99a168b4d9b8","word":"forfeit","definition":"A penalty or loss imposed for wrongdoing or rule-breaking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"forfait","root_meaning":"misdeed; penalty","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forfeit","meaning":"a penalty or loss imposed for wrongdoing or rule-breaking","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forfait","meaning":"penalty; misdeed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forfait","meaning":"misdeed; wrongful act","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forfaire","meaning":"to do wrong; transgress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foris + facere","meaning":"to do outside the law; do wrong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forfeiture","forfeitable","forfeited","forfeiting","forfeiter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"penalty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forfeiture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"460fb062-f28a-49b9-b8c4-89506adc1ba3","word":"forge","definition":"To make or shape (a metal object) by heating it in a fire or furnace and beating or hammering it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"forjar","language_family":"latin","root":"fabrica","root_meaning":"workshop, craft","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forge","meaning":"to make or shape metal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forgier","meaning":"to fashion, construct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fabricare","meaning":"to fashion, construct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fabrica","meaning":"workshop, craft","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fabric","factory","fabricate","forgery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fashion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"create","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"1b636618-73f7-4c09-9dfb-19f61c9858a6","word":"forgery","definition":"The act or product of making something false in order to deceive, especially a counterfeit document or object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"forjar","language_family":"latin","root":"fabrica","root_meaning":"workshop, craft, workmanship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forgery","meaning":"the act or product of making something false in order to deceive, especially a counterfeit document or object","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forgerie","meaning":"the act of forging","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forger","meaning":"to forge, shape metal, make by craft","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fabrica","meaning":"workshop, craft, workmanship","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forge","forged","forger","forging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"counterfeit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fake","formality":"informal"},{"word":"falsification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"912dcdd1-b9be-4b6e-b51c-10e6454b958f","word":"forget","definition":"To fail to remember something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forgietan","root_meaning":"to lose grip of, to let go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forget","meaning":"to fail to remember","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forgietan","meaning":"to lose grip of, let go","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"for + gietan","meaning":"away, off + to get, grasp","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*ghe-","meaning":"to release, let go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forgetting","forgetful","unforgettable","forgettable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disremember","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lose track of","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"6ad8cc86-9cbd-4a15-b9ac-effcd838cdc2","word":"forgive","definition":"To stop feeling angry or resentful towards someone for an offense, flaw, or mistake.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forgiefan","root_meaning":"to give up, to grant, to pardon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fregēbaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forgive","meaning":"to pardon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forgiefan","meaning":"to give up, to pardon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fregēbaną","meaning":"to give away, to pardon","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"forward, through","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*gʰebʰ-","meaning":"to give, to take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["give","gift","forgave","given"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pardon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absolve","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"17da6287-e274-4ada-953b-f9f7f90557e8","word":"forgiveness","definition":"The act of pardoning an offense or offender.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forġiefnes","root_meaning":"forgiveness, pardon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forgiveness","meaning":"The act of pardoning an offense","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"forgiveness","meaning":"pardon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forġiefnes","meaning":"forgiveness, pardon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forġiefan","meaning":"to give up, to forgive","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forgive","forgave","unforgiving","given"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pardon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absolution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mercy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"bf283785-5b00-4d77-9991-73cbcbb39fc1","word":"forgot","definition":"Past tense of forget; failed to remember or recall.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forget","root_meaning":"to lose memory of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*get-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forgot","meaning":"past tense of forget","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forget","meaning":"to lose memory of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"for-","meaning":"away, completely","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"get","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forget","forgetting","forgettable","unforgettable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overlooked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disremembered","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"blanked","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"827c5417-c299-44b0-aca0-7e52f8f3e298","word":"fork","definition":"An implement with two or more prongs used for lifting, carrying, or digging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"horca","language_family":"latin","root":"furca","root_meaning":"a two-pronged fork, pitchfork","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fork","meaning":"pronged implement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forca","meaning":"fork","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"furca","meaning":"pitchfork","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forked","bifurcate","furcation","pitchfork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divarication","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"76ffe9f2-6b62-423c-891d-07914cf52e54","word":"form","definition":"The visible shape or configuration of something; to create or make","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"forma","language_family":"latin","root":"forma","root_meaning":"shape, figure, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"form","meaning":"shape; to create","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"forme","meaning":"form, shape","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"shape, figure, appearance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["formal","formula","reform","inform","uniform","transform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"configuration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2259a233-a8f8-453e-95eb-dcc434d008fe","word":"formality","definition":"Formality is the quality or condition of being formal, especially in behavior, procedure, or ceremony.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"formalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"forma","root_meaning":"shape, form","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"formality","meaning":"the quality or condition of being formal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"formal","meaning":"conforming to convention or official style","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"formalis","meaning":"pertaining to form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"shape, form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["formal","form","formula","formation","formalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ceremony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decorum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"propriety","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"bb0afc57-7587-4cba-9ccd-85e07f52b0f5","word":"formally","definition":"In a formal manner or according to official procedure.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"formalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"formalis","root_meaning":"of form","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"formally","meaning":"in a formal manner or according to official procedure","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"formal","meaning":"official; according to form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"formalis","meaning":"of form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"shape; form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["formal","formality","formalize","formalism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"officially","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ceremoniously","formality":"formal"},{"word":"properly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"bd5fb8c9-0b9c-46e2-8c80-fadd87d6384a","word":"format","definition":"The arrangement, layout, or structure of something; the way information is organized or presented.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"formato","language_family":"latin","root":"formatus","root_meaning":"formed, shaped","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"format","meaning":"arrangement or structure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"format","meaning":"shape, form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"form, shape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["form","formation","formula","formative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"layout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"configuration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"7c1d364d-4996-467f-a929-056c1f696c1f","word":"formation","definition":"The action of forming or the process of being formed; a structure or arrangement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"formación","language_family":"latin","root":"formare","root_meaning":"to form, to shape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"formation","meaning":"The process of being formed","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"formation","meaning":"shaping, creation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"formare","meaning":"to form, shape","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["form","formal","formula","reform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"development","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"8f72cac5-15bb-4056-8509-150627675d17","word":"former","definition":"Of or denoting something that came before in time; the first of two people or things mentioned.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"former","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin forma","root_meaning":"shape, form, model","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*morthā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"former","meaning":"previous, earlier","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"former","meaning":"earlier","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"formere","meaning":"first","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"shape, form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["form","formation","format","formal","formative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"previous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earlier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"erstwhile","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"d5b12b52-436e-487e-b25f-de78bad1f868","word":"forms","definition":"Shapes, structures, or documents used for specific purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"formas","language_family":"latin","root":"forma","root_meaning":"shape, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forms","meaning":"shapes or structured documents","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forme","meaning":"shape, form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"shape, appearance, beauty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["form","formal","formation","formative","reformed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shapes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"structures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formats","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"76f34256-5dd2-4867-9207-6d0da770b986","word":"formula","definition":"A set form of words or symbols used to express something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fórmula","language_family":"latin","root":"fōrmula","root_meaning":"a small form, rule, pattern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"fōrmula","meaning":"A small form, rule, method.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"formula","meaning":"A set expression or rule.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"fórmula","meaning":"Formula.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["formulate","formulaic","formulation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recipe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"prescription","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"0db1766d-8773-4985-a128-caece83d4333","word":"forsake","definition":"To abandon, renounce, or give up someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forsacan","root_meaning":"to refuse, deny, or renounce","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forsake","meaning":"to abandon, renounce, or give up someone or something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forsacan","meaning":"to refuse, deny, or renounce","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"for-","meaning":"away, against","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sacan","meaning":"to contend, dispute, accuse","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forsook","forsaken","forsaking","forsakes","sake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abandon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renounce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"relinquish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"6ca3db95-7db8-4d42-bcb5-623a39dfa1ba","word":"fort","definition":"A fortified building or position designed for military defense against attack.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuerte","language_family":"latin","root":"fortis","root_meaning":"strong","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhergh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fort","meaning":"fortified military stronghold","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"fort","meaning":"fortified position","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"forte","meaning":"strong place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortis","meaning":"strong, firm","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*bhergh-","meaning":"to protect, shelter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forte","fortress","fortify","fortitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fortress","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stronghold","formality":"formal"},{"word":"citadel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garrison","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"cfe0159f-9ef9-4df8-8d60-1759255ad07b","word":"forth","definition":"Onward in time or space.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forþ","root_meaning":"forward, onward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forth","meaning":"Onward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forþ","meaning":"forward, onward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["further","forward","before","first"],"synonyms":[{"word":"onward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ahead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"out","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"9962f3bd-1e1c-40ca-830a-23241768a39b","word":"fortnight","definition":"A period of two weeks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English feowertyne niht","root_meaning":"fourteen nights","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fortnight","meaning":"a period of two weeks","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fourteniht","meaning":"fourteen nights","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feowertyne niht","meaning":"fourteen nights","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fortnightly","fourteen","night","nightly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biweekly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"two-week period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"two weeks","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"2e8944ec-5de2-42ee-8b6e-93e31d881c4c","word":"fortress","definition":"A military stronghold, especially a strongly fortified town fit for a large garrison.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fortaleza","language_family":"latin","root":"fortis","root_meaning":"strong","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fortress","meaning":"a military stronghold","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fortresse","meaning":"a fortified place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"forteresse","meaning":"fortification","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortis","meaning":"strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fort","fortification","fortitude","forceful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stronghold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"citadel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bastion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keep","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"d2cc2334-4adf-4f2e-8309-c12cd4885cee","word":"fortune","definition":"A large amount of money or assets; chance or luck as an arbitrary force affecting human affairs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fortuna","language_family":"latin","root":"fortuna","root_meaning":"chance, luck, fate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fortune","meaning":"luck or wealth","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fortune","meaning":"luck, chance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortuna","meaning":"chance, luck, fate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fortunate","unfortunate","fortuitous","misfortune"],"synonyms":[{"word":"luck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wealth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"riches","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"3372a8c8-5169-4564-883c-1614c44aadea","word":"forty","definition":"The cardinal number equivalent to the product of four and ten; 40.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"feowertig","root_meaning":"four tens","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwetwer-, *dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forty","meaning":"the number 40","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feowertig","meaning":"four tens","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fidwor-tigiz","meaning":"four tens","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["four","ten","fourteenth","thirteen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"XL","formality":"technical"},{"word":"quadregesimal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"284b5002-ceb0-4310-949c-fc3d2d08783e","word":"forum","definition":"A public place for discussion or an online discussion platform.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"foro","language_family":"latin","root":"forum","root_meaning":"marketplace, public square","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forum","meaning":"discussion platform","children":[{"era":"classical borrowing","word":"forum","meaning":"public discussion place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forum","meaning":"marketplace, public square","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forums","forensic","foreign","foray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"platform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discussion board","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meeting place","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"21822c9e-c8b2-4b3f-9d9b-fcbf09d08710","word":"forums","definition":"Public spaces for discussion or debate; online communities where people exchange messages.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"foros","language_family":"latin","root":"forum","root_meaning":"market place, public square","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forums","meaning":"discussion spaces","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forum","meaning":"market place, public square","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"foris","meaning":"outside, door","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forum","forensic","foreign","forebode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assemblies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discussions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"platforms","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"a2e9babf-27fa-446b-9b12-c7a1e2c719f8","word":"forward","definition":"Directed or moving toward the front or ahead in position, time, or direction.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forward","root_meaning":"toward the front","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"forward","meaning":"toward the front or ahead","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forward","meaning":"toward the front","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"for-weard","meaning":"toward, front direction","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forwards","foreword","forwardness","forward-thinking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ahead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"onward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forth","formality":"literary"},{"word":"frontward","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"2c0b59c1-4c29-442f-8ed5-57c84ab84e52","word":"fossil","definition":"The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the distant past.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fósil","language_family":"latin","root":"fossilis","root_meaning":"dug up, obtained by digging","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhodh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fossil","meaning":"preserved remains","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fossile","meaning":"dug up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fossilis","meaning":"dug up (from fodere 'to dig')","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhodh-","meaning":"to dig","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fossick","fossa","defossilize","fossilize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remnant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"63e706a4-1aca-4f17-9326-3ab4e1c4d683","word":"foster","definition":"To encourage or promote the development of (something good, typically something that is desirable); to bring up (a child that is not one's own by birth).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fōstrian","root_meaning":"to nourish, feed, bring up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fōdrijan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foster","meaning":"to encourage, bring up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fōstrian","meaning":"to nourish, feed","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fōdrijan","meaning":"to feed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["food","feed","fosterling","fostercare","nutrition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nurture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encourage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promote","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"11d5522c-33f6-4bb6-b43e-f35ec939207d","word":"foto","definition":"A photograph, especially one taken casually or informally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"foto","language_family":"greek","root":"phos","root_meaning":"light","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*bha-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foto","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1830s","word":"photograph","meaning":"image produced by light","children":[{"era":"1830s","word":"photographia","meaning":"drawing with light","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"phos","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"graphos","meaning":"drawing, writing","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["photograph","photography","photosynthesis","graphic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snapshot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"329691ad-91a3-4a72-b829-8aaf2f5b05fd","word":"foul","definition":"Offensive to the senses, especially through having a disgusting smell or taste.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fūlaz","root_meaning":"rotten, dirty","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*puH-lós","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"foul","meaning":"offensive, disgusting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fūl","meaning":"rotten, dirty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fūlaz","meaning":"rotten, dirty","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*puH-lós","meaning":"rotten, dirty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["filth","defile","pollute","putrid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disgusting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obscene","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repugnant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"2d0e8619-2b3f-4282-9971-1b2236724c7e","word":"found","definition":"Established or created; discovered or located; the base or support structure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"finden","root_meaning":"to find, discover","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"found","meaning":"to establish or discover","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"finden","meaning":"to find, discover","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*pentan","meaning":"to find","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["find","founder","foundation","fund"],"synonyms":[{"word":"established","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discovered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"located","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"bf35274f-3084-4d36-b0d7-0de0171dd068","word":"foundation","definition":"The lowest supporting layer or base of a structure; an underlying principle or basis.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fundación","language_family":"latin","root":"fundatio","root_meaning":"a founding, establishment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"foundation","meaning":"base or groundwork","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fundacion","meaning":"founding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundatio","meaning":"a laying of the foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom, base","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*bhudh-","meaning":"bottom, ground","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["found","foundational","founder","founded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basis","formality":"formal"},{"word":"groundwork","formality":"formal"},{"word":"footing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.190Z"}
{"id":"277b6f82-b947-4c9a-97d1-3c4917aa3c7b","word":"founder","definition":"(Of a ship) fill with water and sink.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fondrer","root_meaning":"to fall, collapse, sink","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"founder","meaning":"to sink (a ship); to fail","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"founder","meaning":"to fall, sink","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"fondrer","meaning":"to fall, collapse, sink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["profound","foundation","fund","foundry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collapse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"go under","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"7061907d-2281-45e0-b13c-8f20763542de","word":"fountain","definition":"An ornamental structure in a pool or lake from which one or more jets of water are pumped into the air.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuente","language_family":"french","root":"fons","root_meaning":"spring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fountain","meaning":"water jet structure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fontaine","meaning":"spring, fountain","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"fontana","meaning":"spring of water","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fons","meaning":"spring","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["font","fount","defund"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"well","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"36f8e79a-45e7-4687-964a-45444ec8bab9","word":"four","definition":"The number 4, one more than three.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuatro","language_family":"germanic","root":"feor","root_meaning":"four","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1000","proto_root":"*kwetwor-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"four","meaning":"the number 4","children":[{"era":"800s-1100s","word":"feower","meaning":"four","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"*feor","meaning":"four","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kwetwor-","meaning":"four","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fourth","fourteen","forty","quarter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tetrad","formality":"technical"},{"word":"quartet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"a07995c6-34c3-4f29-99bf-fa0994d2bf4a","word":"fourteen","definition":"The cardinal number equivalent to the sum of ten and four.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"catorce","language_family":"germanic","root":"feowertiene","root_meaning":"four ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwetwer-dekm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fourteen","meaning":"number","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feowertiene","meaning":"four ten","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fíðwōrtehnu","meaning":"four ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["four","ten","fourth","fortieth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"14","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"XIV","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"cf6e4d88-2c70-4723-8068-7b6f719542e2","word":"fourth","definition":"The ordinal number following third; one of four equal parts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cuarto","language_family":"germanic","root":"feower","root_meaning":"four","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwetwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fourth","meaning":"ordinal number, one of four parts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fourth","meaning":"ordinal of four","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feowertha","meaning":"fourth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"feower","meaning":"four","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["four","fourteen","forty","fourth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quaternary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"4th","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"498290dd-bda9-4303-ad45-1623675d4fab","word":"fowler","definition":"A person who hunts or catches birds, especially as an occupational name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *fuglaz","root_meaning":"bird","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fowler","meaning":"A person who hunts or catches birds, especially as an occupational name.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fugelere","meaning":"An agent noun meaning a bird-hunter or fowler.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fuglian","meaning":"To hunt or catch birds.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fuglaz","meaning":"Bird; fowl.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fowl","fowling","fowling-piece","wildfowl","waterfowl","birdcatcher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"birdcatcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bird-hunter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trapper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"ab5234c4-d091-4036-ae8b-815a97dd6e86","word":"fox","definition":"A carnivorous mammal of the dog family, with a pointed muzzle, long bushy tail, and reddish fur.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fox","root_meaning":"fox (the animal)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fuhsaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fox","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fox","meaning":"fox (the animal)","children":[{"era":"1st C CE","word":"*fuhsaz","meaning":"fox","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foxy","vixen","reynard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vulpine","formality":"literary"},{"word":"schemer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trickster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slyboots","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"347a5083-7d1c-4c76-a833-1e590632c239","word":"foxy","definition":"Resembling or characteristic of a fox; cunning and sly; also informally used to mean sexually attractive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fox","root_meaning":"the animal fox","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*puḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"foxy","meaning":"foxlike; cunning; attractive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fox + -y","meaning":"having the qualities of a fox","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fox","meaning":"the animal fox","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fuhsaz","meaning":"fox","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fox","foxlike","foxiness","outfox","foxhound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cunning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wily","formality":"literary"},{"word":"alluring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sly","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"5e89668c-1cbe-487c-8686-9195b7278c9d","word":"fraction","definition":"A small or tiny part, amount, or proportion of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fracción","language_family":"latin","root":"frangere","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fraction","meaning":"a part of a whole","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fraction","meaning":"breaking, fragment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fractiō","meaning":"a breaking, a fragment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frangere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fracture","fragile","fragment","refraction","infraction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"009fc463-3ae9-4f62-84df-090b1a7666b4","word":"fracture","definition":"The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fractura","language_family":"latin","root":"fractura","root_meaning":"a break, a breach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fracture","meaning":"a break in a hard material","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fracture","meaning":"a break","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fractura","meaning":"a break, a breach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frangere","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhreg-","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fraction","fragile","fragment","refract","fringe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rupture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fissure","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"6b597eaf-e898-4834-8a41-64c23dbd1c86","word":"fragile","definition":"Easily broken or damaged.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"frágil","language_family":"latin","root":"fragilis","root_meaning":"easily broken","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fragile","meaning":"Easily broken or damaged.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fragilis","meaning":"easily broken","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frangere","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhreg-","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fragment","fracture","refract","friable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brittle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flimsy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"4e193dda-0c1d-4114-8fd0-6cb4ff676972","word":"fragment","definition":"A small part broken or separated off something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fragmento","language_family":"latin","root":"frangere","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fragment","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fragment","meaning":"fragment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fragmentum","meaning":"a piece broken off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frangere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fracture","fragile","frangible","infringe","refract","fragmentation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splinter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"65c51b03-7c37-45dd-b96c-0c0b93401c33","word":"fragrance","definition":"A pleasant or sweet smell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fragancia","language_family":"latin","root":"fragrantia","root_meaning":"sweet smell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fragrance","meaning":"A pleasant or sweet smell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fragrantia","meaning":"sweet smell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fragrare","meaning":"to smell sweet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fragrant","olfactory","redolent","perfume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aroma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"3aa96edb-b0ee-4914-b7e6-dcbb8f924912","word":"frame","definition":"A rigid structure that surrounds or encloses something, or to construct such a structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"framjan","root_meaning":"to further, accomplish","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frame","meaning":"rigid structure enclosing something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frame","meaning":"to benefit, further, construct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"framjan","meaning":"to further, accomplish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["framework","framing","frame-up","frameless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"border","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skeleton","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"4a05eb4c-5d65-4772-95db-a07ad570bedb","word":"frames","definition":"Rigid structures that form the basic outline or support of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marcos","language_family":"germanic","root":"frame","root_meaning":"to frame, construct","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frames","meaning":"rigid structures","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"frame","meaning":"to frame, construct","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"fram","meaning":"benefits, progress","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frame","framework","framing","reframe","frameup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structures","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skeletons","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chassis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"7889a176-2bd4-4e0a-8c4e-2db3c0d48189","word":"framework","definition":"A basic structure or system that provides support or organization for something larger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frame + work","root_meaning":"to frame + work or labor","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"framework","meaning":"a basic structure","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"frame","meaning":"a structure","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"framen","meaning":"to make room for, construct","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"900s","word":"work","meaning":"labor or deed","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*werg-","meaning":"to do, work","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frame","framed","framing","work"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scaffold","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"dd24d272-b655-46c5-a2b3-ea67d7948dd0","word":"franc","definition":"The basic monetary unit of France and various other countries, now largely superseded by the euro.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"franco","language_family":"french","root":"franc","root_meaning":"free","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*frankōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"franc","meaning":"a unit of currency","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"franc","meaning":"a coin, from the inscription 'Francorum Rex'","children":[{"era":"null","word":"Francus","meaning":"a Frankish person, free man","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*frankōn-","meaning":"a Frank (Germanic tribe)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Frank","franchise","frankly","enfranchise","Franco"],"synonyms":[{"word":"currency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"c533259d-317f-4962-9866-2c1a3b32453e","word":"france","definition":"A country in Western Europe, capital Paris.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Francia","language_family":"latin","root":"Francia","root_meaning":"land of the Franks","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"france","meaning":"Western European nation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"France","meaning":"land of the Franks","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"Francia","meaning":"realm of the Franks","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"Francus","meaning":"Frank","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["French","Frenchman","francophone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Hexagon","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Gaul","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"French Republic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"cbc15d03-53da-410c-92d8-115b851eeb6b","word":"franchise","definition":"An authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"franquicia","language_family":"french","root":"franchir","root_meaning":"to free","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*frankō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"franchise","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"franchise","meaning":"privilege, freedom","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"franchise","meaning":"freedom, privilege","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"franc","meaning":"free","children":[{"era":"pre-600","word":"*frankō","meaning":"free","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frank","free","enfranchise","disenfranchise","francophone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"license","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"privilege","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authorization","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"e3fa0b28-a31d-4ad4-a137-d02a8248cdcd","word":"francisco","definition":"A proper name derived from Francis, commonly used in Spanish-speaking regions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Francisco","language_family":"latin","root":"Franciscus","root_meaning":"Frank or free man","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"francisco","meaning":"proper name","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Francisco","meaning":"free man","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Franciscus","meaning":"Frank or relating to the Franks","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Francus","meaning":"Frank","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern Spanish"},"related_words":["Francis","Frank","Franciscan","Francesco"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Francis","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Frank","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"c1fabd01-e154-4d6c-8aa2-18dbb8c4b669","word":"franco","definition":"Relating to France or the Franks.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"franco","language_family":"germanic","root":"Franc","root_meaning":"Frank (a Germanic people), free","root_language":"Old Frankish, Latin","root_era":"5th century","proto_root":"*frankon","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Franco-","meaning":"prefix meaning 'French' or 'Frankish'","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"franc","meaning":"Frank, free","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"francus","meaning":"Frank, free","children":[{"era":"5th century","word":"*Frank","meaning":"a member of the Germanic Franks","children":[],"language":"Old Frankish"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Frankish","French","France","franc"],"synonyms":[{"word":"French","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Gallic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Frankish","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"de5bd021-04ce-4b49-a0c2-3c97d0c501f9","word":"frank","definition":"Honest, candid, and direct in speech or manner without trying to hide anything.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"franco","language_family":"germanic","root":"Frankish","root_meaning":"free, bold","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frank","meaning":"candid and honest","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"frank","meaning":"free, liberal","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"frank","meaning":"free, exempt from obligation","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"Frankish","meaning":"of the Franks, free people","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frankly","frankness","franchise","franking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"candid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"honest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blunt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outspoken","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"cc164f69-0915-40df-bb29-43f9dbe70323","word":"frantic","definition":"Wildly excited, agitated, or mentally deranged.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"frenético","language_family":"greek","root":"phrēn","root_meaning":"mind; reason; diaphragm","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frantic","meaning":"wildly excited, agitated, or mentally deranged","children":[{"era":"mid-14c.","word":"Middle English frentik","meaning":"insane; crazed","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"Old French frenetike","meaning":"mad, crazy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin phreneticus","meaning":"delirious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek phrenitikos","meaning":"of delirium or brain disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek phrēn","meaning":"mind; reason; diaphragm","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frenetic","phrenetic","frenzy","frantically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frenzied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hysterical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wild","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"98a53d13-fdc0-45fb-8b0a-bff2696006f9","word":"frat","definition":"Frat is an informal shortened form of fraternity, especially a college social fraternity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fraterno","language_family":"latin","root":"fraternitas","root_meaning":"brotherhood","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰréh2tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frat","meaning":"informal abbreviation of fraternity","children":[{"era":"14th c.","word":"fraternity","meaning":"brotherhood; social fraternity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fraternitas","meaning":"brotherhood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frater","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*bʰréh2tēr","meaning":"brother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fraternity","fraternal","fraternize","fraternization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fraternity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Greek house","formality":"informal"},{"word":"social club","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"f0a54bf1-17f4-4854-a214-ec61b39371ef","word":"fraternity","definition":"A fraternity is a brotherhood or organized society, especially a male student association.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fraternidad","language_family":"latin","root":"frater","root_meaning":"brother","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰréh₂tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fraternity","meaning":"brotherhood or organized society","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fraternité","meaning":"brotherhood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fraternitas","meaning":"brotherhood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frater","meaning":"brother","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bʰréh₂tēr","meaning":"brother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fraternal","fraternize","fraternization","frat","brotherhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brotherhood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sodality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fraternal order","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"183fa704-3941-45bd-895f-4e6ccaa9387a","word":"frau","definition":"In English, frau is a borrowing from German meaning a woman, especially a married woman or Mrs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *frawjō","root_meaning":"lady, mistress","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frau","meaning":"a woman, especially a married woman or Mrs.","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"German Frau","meaning":"woman; Mrs.; married lady","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle High German vrouwe","meaning":"lady, mistress","children":[{"era":"800s-1100s","word":"Old High German frouwa","meaning":"lady, mistress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *frawjō","meaning":"lady, mistress","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Middle High German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fraulein","frow","frou","fraw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"madam","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"4de7e87c-de02-462f-83ae-12c4b1f8b1ea","word":"fraud","definition":"Wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fraude","language_family":"latin","root":"fraus","root_meaning":"deceit, injury","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fraud","meaning":"Wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fraude","meaning":"deceit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fraus","meaning":"deceit, injury, crime","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fraudulent","defraud","hoax","cheat","fraus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deception","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trickery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swindle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"447bec69-7b38-4397-a23f-efe2954d884c","word":"freaky","definition":"Very unusual, strange, or unconventional, often in a disturbing way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"freak","root_meaning":"a sudden capricious change, an abnormal thing","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"freaky","meaning":"very unusual or strange","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"freak","meaning":"a sudden capricious change or an abnormal person/thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frec","meaning":"greedy, bold (uncertain connection)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-y","meaning":"suffix forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["freakish","strange","weird","odd","bizarre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bizarre","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"91c424a0-e9d1-42b6-a89d-5c80ba0b9136","word":"free","definition":"Not under the control of another; able to act without restriction","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frēo","root_meaning":"free, exempt from","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*frijaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"free","meaning":"not under control; without cost","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frēo","meaning":"free, noble, joyful","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*frijaz","meaning":"beloved, free","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["freedom","freely","freeway","freelance","freeware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liberated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"independent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unbound","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"37764d1d-da8a-4b04-8286-05392a14c5c2","word":"freedom","definition":"The state of being free from restraint, control, or obligation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"freo","root_meaning":"free, not in bondage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pri-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freedom","meaning":"state of being free","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"freedom","meaning":"state of being free","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fredom","meaning":"freedom, liberty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"freo","meaning":"free, not in bondage","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*pri-","meaning":"to love, to forward","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["free","freely","freedman","freed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liberty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"independence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"emancipation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"autonomy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"d484ed37-4f97-4eac-9cee-78b90f99502c","word":"freeman","definition":"A person who is not a slave or serf and has full civil and political rights.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"freo","root_meaning":"free, noble","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*prey-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freeman","meaning":"A person who is not a slave or serf and has full civil and political rights.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"freo-man","meaning":"free man","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["free","freedom","friendly","friend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"citizen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enfranchised","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"c6cccb35-2ea2-4834-958f-8c0dec7e7b8a","word":"freeware","definition":"Software that is available for use at no cost, but usually with restrictions on modification or redistribution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frī, waru","root_meaning":"noble/dear, goods/protection","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*prih₁yos, *wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freeware","meaning":"Software that is available for use at no cost...","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"free","meaning":"free","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frēo","meaning":"free, noble","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*frīz","meaning":"free, dear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"ware","meaning":"goods, merchandise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waru","meaning":"wares, goods, protection","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*warō","meaning":"goods, ware, protection","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["software","hardware","free","shareware","open-source"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gratis software","formality":"technical"},{"word":"costless program","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"no-cost utility","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"47b16791-5959-41b4-b615-e9879eae3d8f","word":"freeway","definition":"A freeway is a high-speed divided road designed for through traffic with little or no direct access.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freeway","meaning":"a high-speed road for through traffic","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"free","meaning":"not bound, exempt from charge or restraint","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frijaz","meaning":"dear, beloved, free","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"way","meaning":"a road or course of travel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wegaz","meaning":"path, road, way","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["free","freely","freedom","freed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expressway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"highway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motorway","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"2a58fc4c-2c74-417a-9656-4c26154d7029","word":"freeze","definition":"To turn (something) into ice or another solid as a result of extreme cold.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"freosan","root_meaning":"to freeze","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*freusan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freeze","meaning":"to turn to ice","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"freosan","meaning":"to freeze","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*freusan","meaning":"to freeze","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frost","frozen","frigid","fridge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"congeal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"solidify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ice over","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"c57da2b1-c808-42c4-9983-5a35c6914002","word":"freezer","definition":"An insulated cabinet or room for storing food at very low temperatures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"freosan","root_meaning":"to freeze, to solidify","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*preus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freezer","meaning":"appliance for freezing","children":[{"era":"current","word":"freeze","meaning":"to solidify by cold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"freosan","meaning":"to freeze","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*friusan","meaning":"to freeze","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frozen","frost","frigid","freezing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chiller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refrigerator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cold storage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"icebox","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"b5dd49f5-0a61-426f-a6d1-bfb45d51b66d","word":"freight","definition":"Goods transported by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"vracht","root_meaning":"burden, load","root_language":"Middle Dutch/Middle Low German","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":"*bʰreh₂gʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freight","meaning":"goods transported","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"vracht","meaning":"burden, load","language":"Middle Dutch/Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fraught","laden","load","cargo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cargo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shipment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"0dbfe545-63d4-433e-8ed2-dac5887e9653","word":"french","definition":"Of or relating to France, its people, or their language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"francés","language_family":"germanic","root":"Franci","root_meaning":"the Franks, a Germanic tribe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"French","meaning":"relating to France or its language","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"frænche","meaning":"of the Franks","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"franceis","meaning":"Frankish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Franci","meaning":"the Franks","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["France","Frankish","Frank","Frankie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Gallic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Hexagonal","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"87ee6bac-e3a5-4b4d-b89f-9b9f742114cf","word":"frenchman","definition":"A man from France or of French descent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"franceis","root_meaning":"French, Frankish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frenchman","meaning":"a man from France or of French descent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"French","meaning":"French; originally \"Frankish\"","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"franceis","meaning":"French, Frankish","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English via Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"adult male human","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"man, person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["French","France","Frank","Frenchwoman","Francophone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"French citizen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"French national","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"French person","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"01804ecb-0609-48a7-9f0c-c85bbd6a64a7","word":"frequency","definition":"The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"frecuencia","language_family":"latin","root":"frequentia","root_meaning":"crowd, crowdedness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frequency","meaning":"rate of occurrence","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"frequence","meaning":"crowdedness, abundance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frequentia","meaning":"crowd, throng, frequency","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frequens","meaning":"crowded, thick, frequent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frequent","frequence","frequencies","frequentist","infrequent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occurrence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prevalence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"857a3739-4fae-4d09-901f-b845bfc6b87d","word":"frequent","definition":"Occurring or appearing often.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"frecuente","language_family":"latin","root":"frequens","root_meaning":"crowded, numerous, repeated","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhrekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frequent","meaning":"occurring often","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frequentem","meaning":"crowded, numerous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frequens","meaning":"crowded, numerous","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhrekʷ-","meaning":"to shine, gleam","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frequency","frequently","infrequent","sequence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recurrent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"numerous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"7d03585c-a49d-44e9-bf50-a517a0ad70e6","word":"frequently","definition":"At short intervals; often or repeatedly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"frecuentemente","language_family":"latin","root":"frequens","root_meaning":"crowded, frequent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frequently","meaning":"at short intervals","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"frequently","meaning":"often","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"frequent","meaning":"often occurring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frequens","meaning":"crowded, repeated","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frequent","frequency","frequenter","infrequently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"often","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regularly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repeatedly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commonly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"b3a50d45-6dfe-450c-971d-dbc4d94cfb3a","word":"fresh","definition":"Recently made or obtained; cool and invigorating; not stale or expired.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frisk","root_meaning":"fresh, active, lively","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fersk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fresh","meaning":"recently made or obtained; cool and invigorating","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fresh","meaning":"fresh, new, vigorous","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"fresc","meaning":"fresh, cool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frisk","meaning":"fresh, active, lively","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["freshen","freshly","freshness","freshet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"new","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crisp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cool","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"c1826347-0ad3-45e6-8437-8bd37823f817","word":"freshen","definition":"To make or become fresh, cooler, stronger, or less salty.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fersc","root_meaning":"fresh; not stale or salty","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freshen","meaning":"to make or become fresh","children":[{"era":"current","word":"fresh","meaning":"fresh; not stale or salty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fersc","meaning":"fresh; not stale or salty","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-en","meaning":"verbal suffix forming inchoative or causative verbs","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fresh","freshness","freshly","refresh","refresher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refresh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"renew","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"b9903a9a-952c-44f2-8f0a-0f03cb9dc2a7","word":"freshman","definition":"A student in the first year of high school, college, or university.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fresh, man","root_meaning":"new, recent; human being","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*presk-, *mann-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"freshman","meaning":"A student in the first year of high school, college, or university.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fresh","meaning":"new, recent","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"human being","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sophomore","junior","senior","fresh","man"],"synonyms":[{"word":"novice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beginner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plebe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fresher","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"10bbdd9d-effc-4868-ae98-21cc2830c570","word":"fret","definition":"To worry, vex, or wear away by rubbing or gnawing.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *fra-etan","root_meaning":"to eat up","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*per-, *ed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fret","meaning":"To worry, vex, or wear away by rubbing or gnawing.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fretan","meaning":"to devour, feed upon, consume","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fra-etan","meaning":"to eat up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fra-","meaning":"completely, forward","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*etan","meaning":"to eat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fretful","fretless","fretwork","fretting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vex","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"2bd12fdc-242f-4d9e-9b57-e19054c268ed","word":"fri","definition":"Abbreviation for Friday, the fifth day of the week.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English Frīgedæg","root_meaning":"day of Freya or Friday","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Fri","meaning":"abbreviation for Friday","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Fri.","meaning":"abbreviation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Friday","meaning":"fifth day of week","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Frīgedæg","meaning":"day of Freya (goddess)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Friday","weekday","weekend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Friday","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"5th day","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"cb3c79ba-79cd-4407-a0bd-6c607239bc93","word":"friction","definition":"The rubbing resistance that occurs when two surfaces move against each other.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fricción","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin fricāre","root_meaning":"to rub","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"friction","meaning":"the resistance produced by rubbing contact","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English friccion","meaning":"rubbing, abrasion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French friction","meaning":"rubbing, friction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin frictiō","meaning":"a rubbing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin fricāre","meaning":"to rub","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frictional","frictionless","frictive","fricative","frictionally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resistance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rubbing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attrition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"16addd6b-1fff-4e0d-af42-25a88419f8f3","word":"friday","definition":"the fifth day of the week, between Thursday and Saturday.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Frīgedæg","root_meaning":"day of Freya","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Friday","meaning":"fifth day of the week","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Friday","meaning":"day of Freya","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Frīgedæg","meaning":"day of Freya (Norse goddess)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Freya","meaning":"Norse goddess of love","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Fri.","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fifth day","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"85bf2129-75eb-412c-aa2a-f68539f1727e","word":"friend","definition":"A person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amigo","language_family":"germanic","root":"frēond","root_meaning":"friend, loved one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*pri-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"friend","meaning":"A person one is fond of.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"frēond","meaning":"Friend, loved one.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*pri-","meaning":"To love, to be fond of.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["friendship","befriend","unfriendly","friendly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pal","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"309e5842-a93b-4441-a520-50164650ac81","word":"friendly","definition":"Characterized by kindness, warmth, and absence of hostility.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"friend","root_meaning":"one who loves, beloved","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*preyǹ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"friendly","meaning":"showing friendliness","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"friend + -ly","meaning":"having the quality of a friend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"freond","meaning":"friend, beloved","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*preyǹ-","meaning":"to like, love","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["friend","friendliness","friendless","befriend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amiable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cordial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"warm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.190Z"}
{"id":"584cc997-1e45-4b52-8317-d7f3a50e1ea1","word":"friends","definition":"People with whom one has a bond of mutual affection, excluding romantic or family relations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"freond","root_meaning":"one who loves or is loved","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*frijōndaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"friends","meaning":"people bound by mutual affection","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"friend","meaning":"companion, ally","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"freond","meaning":"one who loves","children":[{"era":"1st-2nd century","word":"*frijōndaz","meaning":"loving one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["friend","friendly","friendship","befriend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confidant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ally","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"d3014871-1d04-4928-b311-155dc574d833","word":"friendship","definition":"The state of being friends; a relationship between friends.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frēondscipe","root_meaning":"the state of being a friend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*frijōndz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"friendship","meaning":"state of being friends","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frēondscipe","meaning":"state of being a friend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frēond","meaning":"friend","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-scipe","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["friend","friendly","befriend","fellowship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"camaraderie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"companionship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"afdb8b25-971f-4c07-a691-fb3a231d35f3","word":"fright","definition":"A sudden intense feeling of fear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fyrhtu","root_meaning":"fear, dread, terror","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ferhtaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fright","meaning":"sudden fear","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fryght","meaning":"fear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyrhtu","meaning":"fear, dread","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*ferhtaz","meaning":"frightened","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["afraid","fearful","horrendous","terror"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alarm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terror","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"91353f95-9675-433c-ab74-e27452cb4d90","word":"frighten","definition":"To cause (someone) to feel sudden fear or alarm.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fyrhtan","root_meaning":"to fear, to terrify","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ferhtaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frighten","meaning":"to cause fear in","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fright + -en","meaning":"to make frightened (causative suffix -en added)","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fright","meaning":"sudden fear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyrhto / fryhto","meaning":"fear, dread","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ferhtaz","meaning":"fear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fright","frightful","frightening","afright","fearful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scare","formality":"informal"},{"word":"alarm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daunt","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"da7c0603-0b27-4f7d-919c-f4fb818b4975","word":"fritz","definition":"A state of disorder or disrepair, typically used in the idiom 'on the fritz'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Fritz","root_meaning":"peace ruler (as a name's meaning)","root_language":"German","root_era":"late 19th century","proto_root":"*friþuz (peace), *rīkijaz (ruler)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fritz","meaning":"disorder","children":[{"era":"late 19th C","word":"Fritz","meaning":"nickname for a German soldier/person; diminutive of Friedrich","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Friedrich","meaning":"peace ruler","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*friþuz","meaning":"peace","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rīkijaz","meaning":"ruler","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English (idiomatic)"},"related_words":["Frederick","Friedrich","peace","rich"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disrepair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"malfunction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broken","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"45f53cb5-458b-4eda-bc11-c66c67121390","word":"frog","definition":"A tailless amphibian with a short squat body, moist smooth skin, and very long hind legs for leaping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frogga","root_meaning":"frog","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*phrug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frog","meaning":"amphibian","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frogga","meaning":"frog","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toad","amphibian","tadpole","froggy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amphibian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ribbit-er","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"8df4e20f-4c5a-472a-9dd2-836f474663d3","word":"from","definition":"Preposition indicating origin, starting point, source, or direction.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fram","root_meaning":"forward, from","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pro","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"from","meaning":"preposition of origin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fram","meaning":"forward, from, away","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*pro","meaning":"forward, in front","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fore","forth","frame"],"synonyms":[{"word":"out of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"originating in","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"5e39b6db-ed6d-4da2-8f27-39a2e636a3e0","word":"front","definition":"The forward-facing surface or side of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"frente","language_family":"latin","root":"frons","root_meaning":"forehead, front","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhrugh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"front","meaning":"forward-facing surface","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"front","meaning":"forehead or face","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frons","meaning":"forehead, front","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frontier","frontal","confront","affront"],"synonyms":[{"word":"face","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anterior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forepart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"73202635-d3c8-4652-ad43-447410a8f91e","word":"frontal","definition":"Relating to the front of something or situated at the front.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"frontal","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin frontālis","root_meaning":"of the forehead or front","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frontal","meaning":"relating to the front of something or situated at the front","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"frontal","meaning":"of the front or forehead","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frontālis","meaning":"of the forehead or front","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frons","meaning":"forehead; front","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["front","frontal lobe","frontery","frontally","frontage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anterior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foremost","formality":"formal"},{"word":"head-on","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"ddc2147a-a131-4f68-84b3-a7734485fa3c","word":"frost","definition":"A deposit of small white ice crystals formed on the ground or other surfaces when the temperature falls below freezing point.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frost","root_meaning":"frost, freezing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*preus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frost","meaning":"ice crystals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frost","meaning":"frost","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*frustaz","meaning":"to freeze","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*preus-","meaning":"to freeze, burn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["freeze","frozen","hoarfrost","defrost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rime","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glaze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"0b302bd7-6962-44c6-a908-c99f548e981c","word":"frosty","definition":"Covered with frost or having a cold, wintry appearance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"frost","root_meaning":"frost","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*preus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frosty","meaning":"covered with frost; wintry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frost","meaning":"frost","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*frustaz","meaning":"frost","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*preus-","meaning":"freeze, frost","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frost","frosted","frostbite","frostily","frosting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"icy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chilly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wintry","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"d3d3e1ce-a09b-478c-bb95-b743059dac1b","word":"frown","definition":"A frown is a facial expression marked by lowered or knitted brows, often showing displeasure or concentration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"froignier","root_meaning":"to wrinkle the nose or scowl","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frown","meaning":"a facial expression of displeasure or concentration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"froun","meaning":"to scowl or wrinkle the brow","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"froignier","meaning":"to wrinkle the nose in contempt; to pout or scowl","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frowned","frowning","frowner","frowny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grimace","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"e1366c5e-ba46-4550-88dd-f4397b3860ca","word":"fruit","definition":"The sweet or fleshy product of a plant that contains seeds and is edible.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fruto","language_family":"french","root":"fructus","root_meaning":"enjoyment, product, yield, profit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhrugto-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fruit","meaning":"edible seed-bearing product of a plant","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"fruit","meaning":"fruit, produce, revenue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fructus","meaning":"enjoyment, product, profit, yield","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frui","meaning":"to enjoy, have the use of","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*bhrugto-","meaning":"to enjoy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fruitful","fruition","fructose","fructify","fruitage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yield","formality":"formal"},{"word":"harvest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"05bd41ed-d848-4d4f-a943-3f16bcde45d9","word":"frustrate","definition":"Prevent (a person) from succeeding in accomplishing something; to make efforts ineffective.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"frustrar","language_family":"latin","root":"frustrari","root_meaning":"to disappoint, deceive, make in vain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰrews-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frustrate","meaning":"to thwart, hinder","children":[{"era":"16th c. (past participle into English)","word":"frustratus","meaning":"disappointed, thwarted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frustrari","meaning":"to disappoint, make in vain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frustra","meaning":"in vain, for nothing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frustration","fruitless","thwart","hinder","foil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thwart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foil","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"15d00a7a-51a6-482d-82a6-d05498ef7fd0","word":"frustration","definition":"The feeling of being upset or annoyed as a result of being unable to change or achieve something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"frustración","language_family":"latin","root":"frustrare","root_meaning":"to deceive, disappoint, baffle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"frustration","meaning":"feeling of being thwarted","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"frustratio","meaning":"deceit, disappointment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frustrare","meaning":"to deceive, disappoint, baffle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frustrate","frustrating","fruitless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annoyance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vexation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exasperation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disappointment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"70ad3fc9-38c7-4bee-8c32-08244993fabc","word":"fry","definition":"To cook (food) in hot fat or oil.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"freír","language_family":"latin","root":"frīgere","root_meaning":"to roast, to fry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰrūgʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fry","meaning":"to cook in fat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"frire","meaning":"to fry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frīgere","meaning":"to roast, to fry","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*bʰrūgʰ-","meaning":"to roast, to grill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frying","fryer","fritter","fricassee","friction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sauté","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pan-fry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deep-fry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"e93b7871-cee0-4ff7-83df-880fe863c6af","word":"fuck","definition":"To have sexual intercourse with; also used as an expletive to express strong anger, frustration, or contempt.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fuck","meaning":"to have sexual intercourse, expletive","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"fuck","meaning":"to have sexual intercourse, expletive","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"damn","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hell","formality":"informal"},{"word":"intercourse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"copulate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"e717b115-8378-4171-896f-3c687760e939","word":"fucker","definition":"An offensive term for a person, often used as an intensifier.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fokken","root_meaning":"to strike, to move back and forth, to copulate","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"15th-16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fucker","meaning":"An offensive term for a person","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"fuck","meaning":"to copulate","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"fokken","meaning":"to strike, to move back and forth, to copulate","children":[],"language":"Dutch"},{"era":"15th century","word":"ficken","meaning":"to strike, to move back and forth, to copulate","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fuck","fucking","fuck-up","fuckery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rascal","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bastard","formality":"informal"},{"word":"jerk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"243967c7-5fb1-44b4-8117-dd8fde818786","word":"fudge","definition":"A soft sweet confection made by boiling sugar with butter and milk, though the word's origin is uncertain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fudge","meaning":"a soft sweet confection","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fudged","fudging","fudgy","fudginess","fudgey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"candy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"141033ce-7ec0-4919-8f90-4ec19366103b","word":"fuel","definition":"Material burned to produce heat or energy for power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"combustible","language_family":"latin","root":"focale","root_meaning":"relating to a hearth or fireplace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheu- (to smoke, steam)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fuel","meaning":"Material for burning to produce energy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fuel","meaning":"material for fire, food","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fuel","meaning":"food, material to burn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"focale","meaning":"relating to hearth or fire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fueled","fueling","fuel-efficient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combustible","formality":"technical"},{"word":"energy source","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propellant","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"b33aea42-286e-4a8d-94b5-2a897aaaebce","word":"fugitive","definition":"A person who has escaped from captivity or is in hiding, typically to avoid arrest or persecution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fugitivo","language_family":"latin","root":"fugere","root_meaning":"to flee","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fugitive","meaning":"person fleeing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fugitif","meaning":"fleeing, fugitive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fugitivus","meaning":"fleeing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fugere","meaning":"to flee","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flee","refuge","centrifugal","subterfuge","fugue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"escapee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"runaway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deserter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlaw","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"e2cac7ab-0550-46e8-b000-ab95c378ad5d","word":"fulfill","definition":"To bring to completion or reality; to satisfy a requirement or condition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"full + fill","root_meaning":"complete + make full","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fulfill","meaning":"bring to completion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fullfyllan","meaning":"to fill completely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"full","meaning":"complete","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fyllan","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["full","fill","fullness","fulfillment","replete"],"synonyms":[{"word":"achieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satisfy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"execute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"24197948-dfd4-458d-898d-c6c9f95ad438","word":"full","definition":"Containing as much as possible; complete in every way","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"full","root_meaning":"full, filled","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*fullaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"full","meaning":"containing as much as possible; complete","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"full","meaning":"full, filled up","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fullaz","meaning":"full","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fulfill","fully","fullness","overful","handful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"replete","formality":"formal"},{"word":"complete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"packed","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"3bc0ccf2-ec9a-4f07-be23-bd39235439b1","word":"fully","definition":"In a complete or thorough manner; to the greatest extent.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"full","root_meaning":"full, complete","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pulo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fully","meaning":"in a complete manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"full + -ly","meaning":"complete + adverbial suffix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"full","meaning":"complete, containing all","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["full","fullness","fully-fledged","fullish","fulfil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"completely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entirely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thoroughly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wholly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"aaeecea2-1307-46a8-8f4c-bc687631f1f1","word":"fume","definition":"to emit smoke or vapor, or to be very angry.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"fumar","language_family":"latin","root":"fumus","root_meaning":"smoke","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fume","meaning":"to emit smoke or vapor, or to be very angry","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"fumen","meaning":"to give off smoke; to smoke","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"fumer","meaning":"to smoke","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fumare","meaning":"to smoke","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fumus","meaning":"smoke","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fuming","fumigate","fumigation","fumy","perfume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smoke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seethe","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"ec6bf3d9-a69a-42fd-9db0-8ccfb24f74dd","word":"fun","definition":"Enjoyment, amusement, or lighthearted pleasure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fonnen","root_meaning":"to be foolish","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fun","meaning":"enjoyment and amusement","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fun","meaning":"sport or joking","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fonnen","meaning":"to be foolish","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["funny","funky","funnel","funeral","fungi"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amusement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entertainment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enjoyment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merriment","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"b2f6ebf6-d4c1-4e35-94bd-4eb70031b964","word":"function","definition":"An activity that is natural to or the purpose of a person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"función","language_family":"latin","root":"functiō","root_meaning":"performance, execution","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"fungī","meaning":"To perform, execute, discharge.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"function","meaning":"Purpose, role, activity.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"función","meaning":"Function, performance.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["functional","dysfunction","functionality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"role","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purpose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duty","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b1b1ab6a-ad06-4fb5-be0d-33e838da53ad","word":"functional","definition":"Designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"funcional","language_family":"latin","root":"functio","root_meaning":"performance, execution","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"functional","meaning":"designed to be practical and useful","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"function","meaning":"performance of a duty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"functio","meaning":"performance, execution","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["function","functionality","functionary","dysfunction","malfunction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utilitarian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"working","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"db69f9c5-e69c-4e23-8795-a1e959e05ac0","word":"functionality","definition":"The quality of being able to perform a specified action; the range of functions a system can perform.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"funcionalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"functio","root_meaning":"performance, execution","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhuH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"functionality","meaning":"The quality of being able to perform a specified action","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"functional","meaning":"designed to be practical and useful","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"function","meaning":"an activity or purpose natural to a person or thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"functio","meaning":"performance, execution","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["function","functional","defunct","perfunctory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"utility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operability","formality":"technical"},{"word":"practicality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"usability","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"731baa8c-91be-4b9a-a6f6-601ec69ca86a","word":"functions","definition":"Plural noun referring to purposes or operations that something is designed to perform.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"funciones","language_family":"latin","root":"functio","root_meaning":"performance, execution","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"functions","meaning":"purposes or operations","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"function","meaning":"purpose, action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"functio","meaning":"performance, execution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fungi","meaning":"to perform, execute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["function","functional","dysfunction","functioning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purposes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roles","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"cd34196a-fed5-4155-a8bc-cdd1e0e68762","word":"fund","definition":"A sum of money set aside or available for a specific purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fondo","language_family":"latin","root":"fundus","root_meaning":"bottom, ground, estate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fund","meaning":"sum of money","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fund","meaning":"stock, supply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom, ground, landed estate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fundamental","found","foundation","profundity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capital","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reserve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"ea5949f1-a74f-4ce0-b2f6-57b5c841bf32","word":"fundamental","definition":"Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fundamental","language_family":"latin","root":"fundamentum","root_meaning":"foundation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhedh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fundamental","meaning":"basic, essential","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"fundamental","meaning":"basic","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"fundamentalis","meaning":"pertaining to a foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundamentum","meaning":"foundation, base","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom, base","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foundation","fund","profound","fundamentally","found"],"synonyms":[{"word":"basic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underlying","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"84dda228-5eea-4354-a3c0-11ca466f1e7e","word":"funding","definition":"Money provided or set aside for a specific purpose or project.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"financiación","language_family":"french","root":"fond","root_meaning":"bottom, base, fund","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"funding","meaning":"money for a purpose","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fund","meaning":"sum of money, to provide money","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fond","meaning":"bottom, base, fund","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom, base, estate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fund","funds","funded","funding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"capital","formality":"technical"},{"word":"money","formality":"informal"},{"word":"subsidy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"f581d5a3-da8c-44d3-845e-862b95776941","word":"fundraise","definition":"To seek to obtain financial support for a charity, cause, or project.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"fund + raise","root_meaning":"bottom/capital + to lift","root_language":"Latin + Old Norse","root_era":"14th century (fund), pre-1100 (raise)","proto_root":"*bʰudʰ- + *reisnō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fundraise","meaning":"to obtain financial support","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"fund","meaning":"stock of money","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom, ground, estate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"13th century","word":"raise","meaning":"to lift","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reisa","meaning":"to raise","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fund","raise","fundraiser","endow","donating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solicit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seek donations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beg","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"6c9135c3-d5c3-429a-806f-a320fc84431a","word":"fundraiser","definition":"A person or event that raises money for a cause.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fundraiser","meaning":"a person or event that raises money for a cause","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fund","meaning":"a sum of money set aside or collected","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fond","meaning":"bottom, base; foundation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom, base, foundation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"raise","meaning":"to lift; to cause to rise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reisa","meaning":"to raise, lift","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fundraise","fundraising","fund-raising","raiser","funds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solicitor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"raiser","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"252cc837-3acb-4d8d-94d7-5c0d37d38fbf","word":"funds","definition":"Plural of fund; sums of money set aside or available for a specific purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fondos","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin fundus","root_meaning":"bottom, foundation, estate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"funds","meaning":"sums of money","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fund","meaning":"sum of money","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom, foundation","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*bhudh-","meaning":"to bottom","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fund","funding","fundamental","funded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capital","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resources","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"7ae9b871-1274-4d02-b5ab-7b4d5545ee7a","word":"funeral","definition":"A ceremony or service held shortly after a person's death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"funeral","language_family":"latin","root":"fūnerālis","root_meaning":"pertaining to a funeral, burial","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"funeral","meaning":"burial ceremony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fūnerālis","meaning":"pertaining to a funeral","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fūnus","meaning":"funeral, burial rites","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["funereal","interment","burial","obsequies","funerary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"burial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"memorial service","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"df10d3b2-e18c-42b4-bd35-7326ca1ce4a8","word":"fungus","definition":"A fungus is a member of a kingdom of organisms that includes molds, yeasts, and mushrooms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"fungus","root_meaning":"mushroom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fungus","meaning":"a fungus; a mushroom-like organism","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fungus","meaning":"mushroom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fungal","fungous","fungoid","fungicide","fungivore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mushroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toadstool","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mold","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"9ff36ba4-2ba1-46c5-9517-77309cf0fa5b","word":"funk","definition":"A strong, often unpleasant smell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"fonque","root_meaning":"smoke, foul smell","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"funk","meaning":"A strong, often unpleasant smell.","children":[{"era":"pre-18th century","word":"fonque","meaning":"smoke, foul smell","children":[{"era":"pre-17th century","word":"funke","meaning":"spark, light","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stank","reek","fume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"odor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stench","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reek","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"89f52ebe-c6c7-4a4e-a9f4-3bd27f67953c","word":"funky","definition":"Having a strong, often unpleasant, smell; or (informal) having a strong, rhythmic, and soulful quality in music.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"funk","root_meaning":"smoke, strong smell","root_language":"Middle French","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":"*dʰewh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"funky","meaning":"smelly or rhythmic","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"funk","meaning":"strong smell, bad humor","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"funque","meaning":"strong-smelling cheese, smoke","children":[],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["funk","fusty","fetid","fume","funky-fresh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stinky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"smelly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groovy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"earthy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"749bb878-a958-464f-946c-74de9f09ffa3","word":"funny","definition":"Causing laughter or amusement; humorous or comical.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fun","root_meaning":"sport, jest, hoax","root_language":"Old English/Middle English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"funny","meaning":"humorous; amusing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"funny","meaning":"amusing, droll","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"fun","meaning":"jest, sport, hoax","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fun","funnily","funny-bone","funniness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"humorous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"amusing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hilarious","formality":"informal"},{"word":"comical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"49aaf239-a811-471b-b2fe-aaa5c1e39a34","word":"fur","definition":"The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"forro","language_family":"french","root":"fourre","root_meaning":"lining, casing","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*fōdram","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fur","meaning":"animal hair","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fourre","meaning":"lining, casing","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"*fodr","meaning":"sheath, covering","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["furl","forage","fodder","sheath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pelage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hair","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"c2a0cae2-addd-4930-9c46-268a9f86a1cd","word":"furious","definition":"Extremely angry or enraged.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"furioso","language_family":"latin","root":"furiōsus","root_meaning":"full of rage, mad","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"furious","meaning":"Extremely angry","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"furious","meaning":"full of fury","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"furieus","meaning":"furious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"furiōsus","meaning":"full of rage, mad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"furor","meaning":"rage, madness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fury","infuriate","rage","enraged","furiousness","furiously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enraged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"livid","formality":"informal"},{"word":"incensed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"a3b66510-d5d0-45b0-b526-c5d56f7bf93a","word":"furnace","definition":"A furnace is a closed device or chamber used for producing very high heat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"fornax","root_meaning":"oven or furnace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"furnace","meaning":"a device or chamber for high heat","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French fornace","meaning":"oven or furnace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin fornax","meaning":"oven or furnace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["furnace","furnaces","furnish","fornax","furnace-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kiln","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heater","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"144f918c-dc50-4a18-b3ca-48499e43cf1e","word":"furniture","definition":"Movable household or office items such as chairs, tables, and beds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mobiliario","language_family":"french","root":"fourniture","root_meaning":"equipment, supplies","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"furniture","meaning":"movable household items","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"furniture","meaning":"equipment, supplies","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"fourniture","meaning":"equipment, supplies","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"fournir","meaning":"to furnish","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["furnish","furnishings","furnisher","furnishing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fixtures","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fittings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnishings","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"e49d4ceb-9463-4db7-bee0-1f0f235493ea","word":"further","definition":"At or to a greater distance; in addition to what has been stated.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"forth","root_meaning":"forward, onward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*furðra","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"further","meaning":"at greater distance, moreover","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"further","meaning":"forward, onward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"furthere","meaning":"forward, onward","children":[{"era":"1st-2nd century","word":"*furðra","meaning":"forward, onward","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forth","further","furthermore","furtherance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farther","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moreover","formality":"formal"},{"word":"additionally","formality":"formal"},{"word":"onward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"39681c57-df9a-483e-9d1c-8067b59d293f","word":"furthermore","definition":"In addition; besides; moreover.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"further, more","root_meaning":"farther, greater amount","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"furthermore","meaning":"In addition; besides","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"further","meaning":"farther","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"more","meaning":"greater amount","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["far","forth","more","most","further"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moreover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"additionally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"besides","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"fe15c1e0-049b-4d28-9939-ea9f6749c042","word":"fury","definition":"Wild or violent anger; extreme intensity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"furia","language_family":"latin","root":"furia","root_meaning":"rage, passion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fury","meaning":"Wild or violent anger; extreme intensity.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"furie","meaning":"rage, madness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"furia","meaning":"rage, passion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["furious","infuriate","infuriating","furore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrath","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ire","formality":"literary"},{"word":"madness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"be9d23a8-ca1d-4413-89bb-956aba477e16","word":"fuse","definition":"To join or blend to form a single entity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"fusionar","language_family":"latin","root":"fundere","root_meaning":"pour, melt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gheu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fuse","meaning":"to join or blend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fusum","meaning":"poured, melted (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundere","meaning":"to pour, to melt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fusion","effuse","suffuse","diffuse","confuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"40f64cd9-0598-4a9d-9f05-fdb7abcf4193","word":"fusion","definition":"The process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fusión","language_family":"latin","root":"fusio","root_meaning":"a melting, pouring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fusion","meaning":"joining together","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"fusion","meaning":"a pouring out, melting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fusio","meaning":"a melting, pouring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fundere","meaning":"to pour","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fuse","diffuse","confuse","effusion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amalgamation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"c4668e79-a67a-46b6-b9d2-364e44130c6b","word":"fuss","definition":"A display of unnecessary or excessive excitement, activity, or concern.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fuss","meaning":"unnecessary excitement or concern","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"fuss","meaning":"unnecessary excitement or concern","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fussy","fuzzle","fidget","bustle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ado","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bother","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stir","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"98c69db0-6824-4ac1-8da9-df0435b56078","word":"fussy","definition":"Hard to please and overly concerned with small details.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"fuss","root_meaning":"commotion; bustle","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fussy","meaning":"hard to please and overly concerned with small details","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fuss","meaning":"commotion, bustle, or unnecessary activity","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fuss","fussiness","fussily","fussbudget","fussed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"picky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"finicky","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastidious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"e2f90e37-7354-42c2-a667-94f10f0ab56a","word":"futile","definition":"Having no useful result; pointless.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fútil","language_family":"latin","root":"futilis","root_meaning":"leaky; worthless","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"futile","meaning":"having no useful result; pointless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"futilis","meaning":"leaky; vain; worthless","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["futility","futilely","futileness","futilism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"useless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pointless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vain","formality":"literary"},{"word":"unproductive","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"82d104d5-1f56-4566-9244-6eca8b16ce8d","word":"future","definition":"The time that is to come; events that will happen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"futuro","language_family":"latin","root":"futurus","root_meaning":"that which is to be","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*bheu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*bheu-","meaning":"To be, to exist, to grow.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"esse","meaning":"To be.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"futurus","meaning":"About to be, future participle.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"future","meaning":"Time yet to come.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"futuro","meaning":"Future, upcoming.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["futurism","futuristic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tomorrow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"horizon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"d21380eb-90aa-446d-abc6-0e7cb6661384","word":"fuzzy","definition":"Having a frizzy or fluffy texture; covered with short, soft hairs or fibers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fuzz","root_meaning":"fine light hairs or fibers","root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"fuzzy","meaning":"fluffy","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"fuzz","meaning":"fine light hairs","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fuzziness","fuzzed","unfuzzy","fluffy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fluffy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"downy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hairy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blurred","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"8d5a5245-c46b-4b43-b4c9-7c645f42e593","word":"gabby","definition":"Talkative or chattery in an informal way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"gabba","root_meaning":"to mock, taunt, or deceive","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gabby","meaning":"talkative or chattery in an informal way","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"gab","meaning":"chatter or idle talk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gabba","meaning":"to mock, taunt, or deceive","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gab","gabble","gabber","gabfest","gabby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"talkative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chatty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"loquacious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garrulous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"c98ecddc-10bb-4cbb-bf58-5eea73c654bf","word":"gadget","definition":"A small mechanical or electronic device or tool, especially an ingenious or novel one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"gâchette","root_meaning":"catch, clasp (of a lock)","root_language":"French","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gadget","meaning":"small device","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"gadget","meaning":"any small item","children":[],"language":"English (naval slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["device","tool","contraption","widget"],"synonyms":[{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"implement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"908acd14-73e6-4ad9-ac0c-910781932d7b","word":"gag","definition":"A piece of cloth put in or over a person's mouth to prevent them from speaking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gaggen","root_meaning":"to choke, to gasp","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gag","meaning":"a mouth restraint","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"gaggen","meaning":"to choke, gasp (of imitative origin or from Old Norse)","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["choke","gasp","gulp","gape","giggle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"muzzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restraint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stunt","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"3e7e25d3-eb7c-4517-b548-9de3424f8b85","word":"gaga","definition":"Foolishly or wildly infatuated, or mentally doting.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gaga","meaning":"foolishly or wildly infatuated","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"gaga","meaning":"foolish, senile, or doting","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gaga","gaga over","gaga for","gagá","ga-ga"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dotty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"foolish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"besotted","formality":"informal"},{"word":"senile","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"60925bb1-ca15-47c9-ae11-80e45c1b59a9","word":"gah","definition":"Gah is an exclamation used to express annoyance, disgust, or exasperation.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gah","meaning":"an exclamation of annoyance or disgust","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"expressive exclamation","meaning":"an imitative emotional sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gah!","ugh","bah","gahh","gosh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ugh","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"yuck","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"82ac8637-bf93-4253-81ba-6ce4beed46d3","word":"gain","definition":"To obtain, acquire, or increase in possession, amount, or value.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gagn","root_meaning":"to gain, suit, fit","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*gaman-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gain","meaning":"to obtain or increase","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gain","meaning":"to obtain, profit","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"gainier","meaning":"to gain, suit","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"gagn","meaning":"gain, benefit","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gain","gaining","gained","gainful","again"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acquire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obtain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"dba66d78-f4b8-45e1-8cda-7c1ab9c5ea64","word":"gal","definition":"An informal term for a girl or young woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"girl","root_meaning":"young person","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gal","meaning":"informal girl/young woman","children":[{"era":"current","word":"girl","meaning":"young female","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gurle","meaning":"child, young person","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["girl","girdle","gyrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"girl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dame","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"2e4c775b-a48f-43ff-ad24-b67b034af135","word":"gala","definition":"A gala is a festive celebration or elaborate social event marked by display and ceremony.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gala","meaning":"a festive celebration or showy occasion","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"French en gala","meaning":"in festive dress; festively","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French gale","meaning":"merriment; rejoicing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"galer","meaning":"to rejoice or make merry","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gallant","gallantry","galant","gala day"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celebration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"festivity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pageant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"a82c7c17-91e4-4321-b228-eb3b68caa7df","word":"galactic","definition":"Relating to a galaxy or to the Milky Way, and by extension to vast astronomical scales.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"galáctico","language_family":"greek","root":"gála","root_meaning":"milk","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"galactic","meaning":"relating to a galaxy","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"galacticus","meaning":"galactic, of the Milky Way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"galaktikos","meaning":"milky; of milk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gála","meaning":"milk","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["galaxy","galacticism","galactose","galactorrhea"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cosmic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stellar","formality":"technical"},{"word":"astral","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"284a5833-26d3-4f50-aac8-87b8d890475a","word":"galaxy","definition":"A system of millions or billions of stars held together by gravity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"galaxia","language_family":"greek","root":"galaxias","root_meaning":"milky","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"galaxías (γαλαξίας)","meaning":"The Milky Way. From gala (milk).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"galaxy","meaning":"A vast star system.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"galaxia","meaning":"Galaxy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["galactic","intergalactic","lactose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"star system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nebula","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"4c48b2db-ef0b-46d8-970f-1400609c15fc","word":"gale","definition":"A very strong wind, typically used in a nautical context to describe winds of force 7 to 10 on the Beaufort scale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"gallr","root_meaning":"roaring, howling","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gale","meaning":"a strong wind","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gal","meaning":"gale, storm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gallr","meaning":"roaring, howling (referring to wind)","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gʰel-","meaning":"to cry, shout","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yell","call","shout","squall","gust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"storm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tempest","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"90b371ea-2960-4964-b73d-2cf8bf9e902a","word":"gall","definition":"Bile; by extension, bitterness, resentment, or audacious nerve.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *gallō","root_meaning":"bile; gall","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gall","meaning":"bile; bitterness; audacious nerve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English galla","meaning":"bile, gall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *gallō","meaning":"bile; gall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gallbladder","gallstone","galling","galled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choler","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"bitterness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"39a51bf5-306c-485d-bee4-b2b2aaa7dbe1","word":"gallant","definition":"Brave, chivalrous, or marked by courteous attention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"galante","language_family":"french","root":"galer","root_meaning":"to make merry; court; enjoy oneself","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gallant","meaning":"brave, chivalrous, or courteous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"galant","meaning":"courteous, brave, elegant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"galer","meaning":"to make merry; enjoy oneself; court","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gallantry","gallantly","galant","gallantness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chivalrous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courteous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"21c54177-7da7-4198-b53c-8508dd7ae1c1","word":"galleries","definition":"Plural of gallery; rooms or buildings for displaying artworks, or long passages with walls on both sides.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"galerías","language_family":"french","root":"galeria","root_meaning":"a corridor or hall","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"galleries","meaning":"plural of gallery","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"gallery","meaning":"a room for displaying art or a long passage","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"galerie","meaning":"a corridor or portico","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"galera","meaning":"covered walkway","children":[],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gallery","galleria","galleried"],"synonyms":[{"word":"museums","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"halls","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corridors","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"0ef6968c-dcfe-48d5-a0b4-7270500c6509","word":"gallery","definition":"A room or building for displaying art or a long narrow passage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"galería","language_family":"french","root":"Old French galerie","root_meaning":"covered walkway","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gallery","meaning":"art display space or passage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"galerie","meaning":"covered walkway","children":[{"era":"800s-1100s","word":"gale","meaning":"hall, passage","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["galleria","galleried","subgallery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhibition hall","formality":"formal"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arcade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.780Z"}
{"id":"2429322c-3e05-4569-b89f-a2a2416d4834","word":"gallon","definition":"A gallon is a unit of liquid capacity used in the imperial and U.S. customary systems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"galon","root_meaning":"liquid measure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gallon","meaning":"a unit of liquid capacity used in the imperial and U.S. customary systems","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"galon","meaning":"a measure of capacity","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["galon","gallons","gallonage","half-gallon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"volume","formality":"technical"},{"word":"capacity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"5bbed6ce-1995-4b5f-b9f0-7405390b0642","word":"gallows","definition":"A gallows is a frame or scaffold used for hanging a person, especially as an execution method.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*galgô","root_meaning":"long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵʰalgʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gallows","meaning":"a frame or scaffold used for hanging a person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"galwes","meaning":"gallows","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"galga","meaning":"gallows","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*galgō","meaning":"gallows","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*galgô","meaning":"long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ǵʰalgʰ-","meaning":"long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gallow","gallows-tree","gallowsman","gallowgate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scaffold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gibbet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"execution scaffold","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"206c1e96-f3d5-4d4c-a283-83641ff94eb7","word":"gamble","definition":"To play games of chance for money; bet.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gamen","root_meaning":"game, play","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gamble","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"gamble","meaning":"to play (from game)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gamen","meaning":"game, sport, joy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["game","gambler","gaming","gambit","play"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"risk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"6a0cb5e6-3fd5-4334-9c1c-f8ea3722df20","word":"gambler","definition":"A person who gambles, especially one who gambles habitually.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gamen","root_meaning":"game, amusement","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gambler","meaning":"a person who gambles habitually","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"gamble","meaning":"to play games of chance for money","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gamen","meaning":"game, amusement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gamble","gaming","gambling","gamester"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speculator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"punter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bettor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"player","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"ad49861c-c6f6-4bf9-a91c-e0775039aa85","word":"gambling","definition":"The activity or practice of betting money or valuables on an uncertain outcome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gambol","root_meaning":"to leap, frolic","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gambling","meaning":"betting on uncertain outcomes","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"gamble","meaning":"to play games of chance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gambol","meaning":"to leap, jump, frolic","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gamba","meaning":"leg, shank","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gamble","gambler","gambled","gaming","game"],"synonyms":[{"word":"betting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wagering","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gaming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"risk-taking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"f2d3a6ab-b720-4b2b-a9e9-e88e6aaf4c8d","word":"game","definition":"An activity involving skill, chance, or endurance according to rules","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gamen","root_meaning":"joy, amusement, play","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ga-mann-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"game","meaning":"activity with rules; sport","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gamen","meaning":"joy, amusement, sport","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ga-mann-","meaning":"collective participation","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gamer","gaming","gameplay","gamble","endgame"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sport","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"match","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"a71389e2-9e36-478b-912d-1b59441e107c","word":"games","definition":"Forms of play or entertainment with rules; competitive activities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"juegos","language_family":"germanic","root":"gamen","root_meaning":"amusement, fun, play","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gamon-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"games","meaning":"plural recreational activities","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"game","meaning":"amusement, play","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gamen","meaning":"fun, amusement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["game","gaming","gamer","gameplay","gamelan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plays","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sports","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entertainment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"4205236a-2423-4bf8-a795-4cdd410ed62f","word":"gaming","definition":"The act of playing games or engaging in gambling activities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"game","root_meaning":"fun, sport, amusement","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gam-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gaming","meaning":"act of playing games","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"game","meaning":"sport, amusement, game","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gamen","meaning":"amusement, fun","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["game","gamer","games","gameplay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"playing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wagering","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gambling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"1e511400-8418-4dcb-98c5-f8484e2c5479","word":"gamma","definition":"The third letter of the Greek alphabet, used in science and mathematics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gamma","language_family":"greek","root":"gamma","root_meaning":"the third Greek letter","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gamma","meaning":"third Greek letter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gamma","meaning":"third letter of Greek alphabet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"γάμμα","meaning":"third letter of alphabet","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alpha","beta","delta","gamma ray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Greek letter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"third letter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.146Z"}
{"id":"40ecf8be-bf56-4e6b-a8b3-6ece29ae2ee1","word":"gang","definition":"An organized group, often with a shared purpose or criminal intent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"gangr","root_meaning":"a going, a company","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰengʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gang","meaning":"a group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gang","meaning":"a going, a company of men","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gang","meaning":"going, path","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","gait","gangway","conger","gangrene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crew","formality":"informal"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"3f4a23f9-ae55-4237-91d1-d6c1361683b4","word":"gangster","definition":"A member of a gang of criminals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gang","root_meaning":"a going, a journey, a path","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghengh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gangster","meaning":"member of a criminal gang","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"gang","meaning":"company of persons","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gang","meaning":"a going, journey, company","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gangr","meaning":"a going, path","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*ghengh-","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gang","ganger","gangway","go","gangrene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hoodlum","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mobster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"dd381785-b986-4bd4-b4a9-13a50f4eff79","word":"gap","definition":"A break or opening in something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"gap","root_meaning":"chasm, opening","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰeh₂p-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gap","meaning":"break or opening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gap","meaning":"chasm, opening","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gape","gaping","chasm","aperture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"c289e511-d3ba-4ed8-b25f-832b36fb89e2","word":"garage","definition":"A building or shed for housing a motor vehicle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"garaje","language_family":"french","root":"garer","root_meaning":"to shelter, to store","root_language":"French","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":"*warōjan*","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"garage","meaning":"A building or shed for housing a motor vehicle","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"garage","meaning":"act of garaging, place for garaging","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"garer","meaning":"to shelter, to store, to dock (a boat)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"garir","meaning":"to protect, defend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*warōjan","meaning":"to warn, to guard","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guard","warrant","guarantee","garrison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carport","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"4e53a254-07df-4586-b360-06fb57b82060","word":"garbage","definition":"Waste or refuse material, especially domestic trash.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"garbe","root_meaning":"sheaf, bundle of grain","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"garbage","meaning":"waste material","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"garbage","meaning":"offal, refuse","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"garber","meaning":"to make bundles","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"garbe","meaning":"sheaf, bundle","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["garble","garb","garboil","rubbish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waste","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"fbce49de-0ebf-4b54-bb48-71b13af4264f","word":"garden","definition":"A plot of ground for growing flowers, vegetables, or plants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old French jardin","root_meaning":"enclosure, yard","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"garden","meaning":"plot of ground for growing plants","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"garden","meaning":"enclosed area","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jardin","meaning":"yard, enclosure","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gardens","gardener","gardening","gardened"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"green space","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"af6e5ee4-961e-4a24-9bd6-a00dce219058","word":"garlic","definition":"A strong-smelling pungent-tasting bulb, used as a flavoring in cooking and in herbal medicine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gārlēac","root_meaning":"spear leek","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"garlic","meaning":"A strong-smelling bulb","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gārlēac","meaning":"spear leek","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gār","meaning":"spear","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēac","meaning":"leek","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leek","onion","chive","shallot","scallion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bulb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allium","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"1ac1f568-1398-4768-9ce3-c57b3b53f6f5","word":"garrison","definition":"A body of troops stationed in a fortified place to defend it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guarnición","language_family":"french","root":"Frankish *warnjan","root_meaning":"to warn, prepare, equip","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"garrison","meaning":"troops stationed in a fortified place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"garnison","meaning":"a military force or fortified hold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"garnir","meaning":"to furnish, equip, defend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*warnjan","meaning":"to warn, prepare, equip","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["garnish","garniture","guardian","warrant","warner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barracks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"troop detachment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"4a3ee6a1-2c4f-4ce5-ba44-227faa01a8db","word":"gas","definition":"A state of matter lacking fixed shape or volume; an invisible fluid substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gas","language_family":"greek","root":"chaos","root_meaning":"empty space, void","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gas","meaning":"state of matter without fixed shape","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"gas","meaning":"vaporous fluid (coined by van Helmont)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chaos","meaning":"empty space, void","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gaseous","gasify","gasoline","gasp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vapor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aeriform fluid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"0eae6322-364e-42dc-87bb-d4ee5e98fbc4","word":"gasoline","definition":"A volatile, flammable liquid obtained from petroleum, used as fuel for internal combustion engines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"gas","root_meaning":"a state of matter","root_language":"English (influenced by Dutch 'chaos')","root_era":"17th century (gas), 19th century (gasoline)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gasoline","meaning":"motor fuel","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"gas","meaning":"elastic fluid","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"chaos","meaning":"disorder","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"khaos","meaning":"abyss, emptiness","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gas","gaseous","petrol","kerosene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"petrol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fuel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benzine","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"8d5fd692-35e5-482d-a220-d9171cd57740","word":"gasp","definition":"Inhale suddenly with the mouth open, out of pain or astonishment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"geispa","root_meaning":"to yawn","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gasp","meaning":"inhale suddenly","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"gaspen","meaning":"to yawn, to gasp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geispa","meaning":"to yawn","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yawn","gape","pant","choke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gulp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"e3e5c188-5a9f-44ae-b562-34bbe6f3e38e","word":"gate","definition":"A movable barrier in a fence or wall, allowing passage through.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gatu","root_meaning":"opening, passage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gatwō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gatu","meaning":"opening, passage","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gatwō","meaning":"path, opening","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gait","go","get"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doorway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"4ab6424f-11fa-4137-8fbc-4055e3e76d8d","word":"gateway","definition":"An opening in a wall or fence that may be closed by a gate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gat","root_meaning":"gate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gateway","meaning":"An opening with a gate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gate","meaning":"opening, entrance","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"way","meaning":"path, road","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gate","pathway","doorway","roadway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"access","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"c47a6fb6-a293-4ffe-a7fa-3ce1a9054cbb","word":"gather","definition":"To bring together; to collect.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gaderian","root_meaning":"to assemble, to unite","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gaduron","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gather","meaning":"To bring together; to collect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gaderian","meaning":"to assemble, to unite","children":[{"era":"early Germanic","word":"*gaduron","meaning":"to bring together, unite","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["together","altogether","gathering","gale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accumulate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convene","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"5529192b-3ed1-4137-b547-541041df3d28","word":"gauge","definition":"An instrument or device for measuring the magnitude, amount, or contents of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gauger","root_meaning":"to standardize, calibrate","root_language":"Old North French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gauge","meaning":"an instrument for measuring","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gauge","meaning":"to measure, regulate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gauger","meaning":"to standardize, calibrate","children":[],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gage","waggle","wag","wage","weigher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indicator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"3369c3ee-4b05-42ba-b14e-1d3980da90aa","word":"gave","definition":"Past tense of give; transferred or provided something to another person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gaf","root_meaning":"to give","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gave","meaning":"past tense of give","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gaf","meaning":"to give","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*ghabh-","meaning":"to give, hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["give","giver","given","giving","gift"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presented","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bestowed","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"7f820836-7b12-4adf-8363-deee35767ab9","word":"gay","definition":"Lighthearted and carefree; cheerful, or relating to homosexual people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gayo","language_family":"french","root":"gai","root_meaning":"happy, gay","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gay","meaning":"cheerful; homosexual","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gay","meaning":"happy, lighthearted","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gai","meaning":"happy, merry","children":[{"era":"1st century CE","word":"Proto-Germanic","meaning":"uncertain origin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gayly","gaiety","gaily","gayness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cheerful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merry","formality":"literary"},{"word":"carefree","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"ebad464b-bc33-4885-9259-141f3093837e","word":"gaze","definition":"Look steadily and intently, especially in admiration, surprise, or thought.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"gasa","root_meaning":"to stare","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gaze","meaning":"Look steadily and intently","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gasa","meaning":"to stare","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gazing","gazer","gazes","stare","glance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"look","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"behold","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"596f77a5-1812-462e-b52d-5ac0dd3ae489","word":"gear","definition":"Equipment or machinery, especially the toothed wheels in a mechanical system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gearwe","root_meaning":"prepared, ready","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*garwjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gear","meaning":"equipment or mechanical system","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gere","meaning":"equipment, clothing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gearwe","meaning":"prepared, ready, equipped","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["geared","gearing","cogwheel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"machinery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"014f68d5-1d5a-4620-9857-6dc18a941f72","word":"geek","definition":"A person often interested in technology and having an intensive interest in an often obscure subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geck","root_meaning":"fool, simpleton","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"geek","meaning":"expert/enthusiast, previously foolish entertainer","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"geck","meaning":"fool, simpleton","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"geck","meaning":"fool, simpleton","children":[],"language":"Low German/Dutch"}],"language":"English dialect/Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["geck","gawk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nerd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enthusiast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aficionado","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"7dce95fe-8859-46d3-a5b8-2f475af335d0","word":"geisha","definition":"A geisha is a Japanese professional entertainer trained in traditional performance arts, conversation, and hospitality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"芸者 (geisha)","root_meaning":"art person; performing artist","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"geisha","meaning":"a Japanese traditional performer and entertainer","children":[{"era":"Edo period","word":"gei","meaning":"art; performance","children":[],"language":"Sino-Japanese"},{"era":"Edo period","word":"sha","meaning":"person","children":[],"language":"Sino-Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["geiko","geigi","maiko","geisha house","gei"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entertainer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"5dd24ed2-58ab-46b4-a704-2f5589ac935e","word":"gel","definition":"A jelly-like substance formed by the coagulation of a colloidal liquid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gel","language_family":"latin","root":"gelare","root_meaning":"to freeze","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gel","meaning":"a jelly-like substance","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"gelatin","meaning":"gelatine","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"gelatina","meaning":"gelatine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gelare","meaning":"to freeze","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gelatin","congeal","jelly","freeze","glacier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jelly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colloid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"goo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"paste","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"04739c21-671f-4b5e-ba7f-8c125aea4208","word":"gem","definition":"A precious or semiprecious stone, especially one cut and polished for use as an ornament or in jewelry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gema","language_family":"latin","root":"gemma","root_meaning":"bud, eye (of a plant), jewel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gem","meaning":"precious stone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gemme","meaning":"gem, jewel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gemma","meaning":"bud, jewel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jewel","bud","gemstone","germinate","gemma"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jewel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treasure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bauble","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"83ab0407-ec8b-4762-a151-523208252715","word":"gemma","definition":"A small asexual reproductive structure found in certain plants and fungi, such as a bud or gemmule.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gema","language_family":"latin","root":"gemma","root_meaning":"bud, jewel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gemma","meaning":"a small asexual reproductive structure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gemma","meaning":"bud, jewel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gem","gemmate","gemmation","gemmule","germinate","gemo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spore","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gemmule","formality":"technical"},{"word":"propagule","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"1c7807bc-3109-4c04-bdda-186a20521d36","word":"gender","definition":"The grammatical classification of nouns or the social construct of masculine and feminine identities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"género","language_family":"latin","root":"genus","root_meaning":"kind, race, family","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gene-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gender","meaning":"grammatical classification or social identity","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gender","meaning":"kind, type, grammatical classification","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"genre","meaning":"kind, type","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genus","meaning":"kind, family, race","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genre","generic","generate","generous","genesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sex","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"type","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"59b73d2b-e05a-4e3a-b66a-8b0246d9ab3a","word":"gene","definition":"A unit of heredity that controls the inheritance of traits in organisms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gen","language_family":"greek","root":"genos","root_meaning":"race, kind, family","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1920s","word":"gene","meaning":"hereditary unit","children":[{"era":"1920s","word":"gene","meaning":"proposed unit of heredity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genos","meaning":"race, kind, descent","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genetic","genetics","genome","genealogy","generate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hereditary factor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"allele","formality":"technical"},{"word":"trait-carrier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"fa0c313c-0a9c-4abf-b711-a460534dc2fb","word":"genealogy","definition":"A record or study of the descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"genealogía","language_family":"greek","root":"genea","root_meaning":"race, family","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*genh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genealogy","meaning":"study of family descent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"genealogie","meaning":"lineage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genealogia","meaning":"a tracing of descent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genealogia","meaning":"the making of a pedigree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genea","meaning":"race, family","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"logia","meaning":"study of, discourse","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genesis","genetics","generation","genus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lineage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pedigree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ancestry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"90456dce-27fb-4ffd-beb7-b17c1b261500","word":"general","definition":"Affecting or concerning all or most people or things.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"general","language_family":"latin","root":"generālis","root_meaning":"relating to a kind or class","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"generālis","meaning":"Relating to all, of a genus.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"general","meaning":"Broad, widespread.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"general","meaning":"General, common.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["generalize","generally","generality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"broad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"universal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b73404dd-d15f-4333-b1dd-6d4b3c3d357a","word":"generally","definition":"In most cases; usually or commonly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"generalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"generalis","root_meaning":"pertaining to a genus or kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"generally","meaning":"in most cases; usually","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"general","meaning":"pertaining to all or most","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"generalis","meaning":"pertaining to a genus or kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["general","generalize","generality","genus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"usually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commonly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"typically","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"2c58cd63-9f7d-4f30-a00f-12f2d557ed03","word":"generate","definition":"To cause something to arise or come about.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"generar","language_family":"latin","root":"generāre","root_meaning":"to beget, produce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"generāre","meaning":"To beget, bring forth, produce.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"generate","meaning":"To produce, create.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"generar","meaning":"To generate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["generation","generator","regenerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"create","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yield","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ac6f2ac4-206c-42f7-a3f2-7c32f55a5a13","word":"generated","definition":"Caused to exist or come into being; produced or created.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"generado","language_family":"latin","root":"generare","root_meaning":"to beget, produce, create","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gén-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"generated","meaning":"caused to exist or be produced","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"generate","meaning":"to produce, beget","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"generare","meaning":"to beget, produce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genus","meaning":"race, kind, stock","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["generate","generation","generator","generative","degenerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produced","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"created","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caused","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"a756cbfa-e45d-49a5-935c-427e8b1068d1","word":"generation","definition":"A group of individuals born and living around the same time or the process of producing offspring.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"generación","language_family":"latin","root":"generare","root_meaning":"to beget or produce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"generation","meaning":"age group or act of producing","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"generation","meaning":"producing or procreating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"generatio","meaning":"procreation or production","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"generare","meaning":"to beget or create","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["generate","generator","generative","generational"],"synonyms":[{"word":"age group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cohort","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offspring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"production","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"8f02ab4c-13c1-4dd1-90f3-1ed0d97162ce","word":"generic","definition":"Relating to or applicable to all members of a group or class rather than specific individuals.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"genérico","language_family":"latin","root":"genus","root_meaning":"kind, sort, class","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"generic","meaning":"relating to a class or kind","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"genericus","meaning":"relating to a genus or kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genus","meaning":"kind, sort, class","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*ghen-","meaning":"to produce, give birth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genus","general","generate","genre","genetics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"general","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"universal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unspecific","formality":"technical"},{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"8ea2f153-9e27-4927-aa75-77e05a80a77e","word":"generosity","definition":"The quality of being kind and generous.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"generosidad","language_family":"latin","root":"generōsus","root_meaning":"of noble birth, excellent, generous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"generosity","meaning":"The quality of being kind and generous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"générosité","meaning":"nobility, generosity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"generōsitas","meaning":"nobility, magnanimity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"generōsus","meaning":"of noble birth, excellent, generous","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["generous","generate","genre","genius","gentle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liberality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"benevolence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"munificence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"charity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"ceeab310-3d6a-4577-b553-e539c6f333d3","word":"generous","definition":"Showing a readiness to give more of something, especially money, than is expected or needed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"generoso","language_family":"latin","root":"generosus","root_meaning":"of noble birth, excellent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*genh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"generous","meaning":"liberal in giving","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"generous","meaning":"of noble birth, magnanimous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"generosus","meaning":"of noble birth, excellent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genus","meaning":"birth, race, kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genus","genetic","generation","gentle","noble","magnanimous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liberal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnanimous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"munificent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"6ff66dd0-d3d0-4637-a7f9-0b444347c039","word":"genesis","definition":"The origin or mode of formation of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"génesis","language_family":"greek","root":"genesis","root_meaning":"origin, creation, birth","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~700 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"génesis (γένεσις)","meaning":"Origin, creation, generation. From gignesthai (to be born).","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"genesis","meaning":"The origin of something.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"génesis","meaning":"Genesis, origin.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["gene","genetic","genealogy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"origin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beginning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"c46bbb32-77e0-485c-9d60-132dca8f16a8","word":"genetic","definition":"Relating to genes or heredity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"genético","language_family":"greek","root":"genesis","root_meaning":"origin, creation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*genh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genetic","meaning":"relating to genes","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"gene","meaning":"unit of heredity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genesis","meaning":"origin, creation","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*genh₁-","meaning":"to produce, beget","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gene","genesis","generate","genus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hereditary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inherent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congenital","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"ca16ba31-bc7e-4e2d-82d9-1c9904b5b4e7","word":"genetics","definition":"The scientific study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"genética","language_family":"greek","root":"genesis","root_meaning":"origin, birth, race","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*genh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genetics","meaning":"The scientific study of heredity...","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"genetic","meaning":"relating to genes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genesis","meaning":"origin, creation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genos","meaning":"race, kin, origin","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gene","generation","genesis","progeny","genial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heredity study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heritable traits","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"3e525cdd-27e8-4032-82d6-83220e103c41","word":"genie","definition":"A supernatural spirit or wish-granting being from folklore.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"genio","language_family":"latin","root":"genius","root_meaning":"tutelary spirit; innate disposition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genie","meaning":"a supernatural spirit or wish-granting being from folklore","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"génie","meaning":"spirit; genius","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genius","meaning":"tutelary spirit; innate disposition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genius","genial","genii","genie-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"djinn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprite","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"cb41c7de-0b36-4aa3-b55e-88e419b44ce8","word":"genitals","definition":"The external reproductive organs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"genital","language_family":"latin","root":"gignere","root_meaning":"to beget, bring forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gene-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genitals","meaning":"The external reproductive organs.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genital","meaning":"Pertaining to birth or generation.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gignere","meaning":"To beget, produce, or bring forth.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genital","genitalia","generate","genesis","genus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genitalia","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sex organs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproductive organs","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"8793727b-034f-4254-82f7-6353697ddee8","word":"genius","definition":"Exceptional intellectual or creative power or natural ability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"genio","language_family":"greek","root":"genius","root_meaning":"attendant spirit, innate quality","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"geníomai / génos (γένος)","meaning":"Race, kind, birth. Related to gignesthai (to be born). Passed through Latin genius (attendant spirit).","children":[{"era":"1390s","word":"genius","meaning":"Exceptional talent or intellect.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"genio","meaning":"Genius, temperament.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["ingenious","genial","genesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prodigy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mastermind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtuoso","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"168f3124-6172-4bd8-9c87-4095d93f5a09","word":"genocide","definition":"the deliberate destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"genocidio","language_family":"greek","root":"γένος (genos)","root_meaning":"race, kind, clan","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genocide","meaning":"the deliberate destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genos","meaning":"race, kind, clan","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"modern","word":"-cide","meaning":"killing","children":[],"language":"Latin via French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genocidal","genocidally","genocidist","genocide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extermination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"slaughter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annihilation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"d0c90963-56e4-4569-9d3f-a7543330dfa1","word":"genome","definition":"The haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"genoma","language_family":"greek","root":"genos (Greek) + ome (from chromosome)","root_meaning":"birth, race, kind + body","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genome","meaning":"complete set of genetic material","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"gen","meaning":"gene","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genos","meaning":"race, birth, kind","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German"},{"era":"1900s","word":"-ome","meaning":"suffix from chromosome","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gene","genetics","chromosome","proteome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genetic code","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hereditary material","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"a8ac47d0-fe7a-4e15-8d15-abe491f7034e","word":"genre","definition":"A category of artistic composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"género","language_family":"french","root":"genus","root_meaning":"kind, class, birth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genre","meaning":"category, type","children":[{"era":"14th c.","word":"genre","meaning":"kind, gender","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genus","meaning":"birth, race, kind","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ǵenh₁-","meaning":"to produce, beget","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gender","genus","generate","genetic","general"],"synonyms":[{"word":"category","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"type","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"class","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"2ef8d05f-6457-407a-8663-f04aba017f43","word":"gent","definition":"A colloquial shortening of gentleman for a man, especially a polite or stylish one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gentleman","root_meaning":"well-bred man","root_language":"English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gent","meaning":"a colloquial shortening of gentleman","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"gentleman","meaning":"a man of gentle birth or refined manners","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"gentle","meaning":"noble; well-bred; courteous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gentil","meaning":"noble; of good family","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"man","meaning":"adult male human","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gentleman","gentle","genteel","gentility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gentleman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chap","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"cb4ea7a0-96cd-435c-9033-529c37c119a0","word":"gentle","definition":"Having or showing a mild, kind, or tender temperament or character.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gentil","language_family":"french","root":"gentilis","root_meaning":"of one's family or race, well-born","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gentle","meaning":"mild, kind","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"gentil","meaning":"of noble birth, courteous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gentilis","meaning":"of a gens or nation, well-born","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gens","meaning":"clan, race, family","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gentility","gentleman","gentry","genteel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mild","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"6c3c0afc-4380-4cb9-bb25-652eb89a9862","word":"gentleman","definition":"A man of good social standing, especially one of wealth and leisure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gentil","root_meaning":"noble, well-born","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gentleman","meaning":"man of good breeding","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gentilman","meaning":"man of gentle birth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gentil","meaning":"noble, well-born","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"human being, male","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gentle","gentry","manly","human"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nobleman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cavalier","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"49699954-b9c5-4f4c-a13e-3a217cb01a97","word":"genuine","definition":"Truly what it is said to be; authentic.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"genuino","language_family":"latin","root":"genuinus","root_meaning":"innate, natural, native","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*genh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"genuine","meaning":"Truly what it is said to be","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"genuinus","meaning":"innate, natural, native","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["genus","generate","indigenous","generic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authentic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"real","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"true","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legitimate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"4f1c57d4-399f-462a-a460-d4deb226cded","word":"geo","definition":"A combining form meaning 'earth, ground'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"geo-","language_family":"greek","root":"gē","root_meaning":"earth, land","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*gʷha-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"geo","meaning":"earth, ground (combining form)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geo-","meaning":"of the earth","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"gē","meaning":"earth","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek prefix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["geography","geology","geometry","geophysics","geothermal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"land","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"2ae5febe-ad9d-44c6-8e73-841c3a8498c3","word":"geographic","definition":"Of or relating to geography, the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"geográfico","language_family":"greek","root":"geographia","root_meaning":"description of the earth","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"geographic","meaning":"relating to geography","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"geographia","meaning":"description of the earth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"geographia","meaning":"description of the earth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"geos","meaning":"earth","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"graphein","meaning":"to write, describe","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["geology","geometry","photography","graph","geography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrestrial","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spatial","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cartographic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"861c4078-90e3-4121-9de2-9ea194ad75a0","word":"geographical","definition":"Relating to geography.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"geográfico","language_family":"greek","root":"geographia","root_meaning":"description of the earth","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"geographical","meaning":"Relating to geography","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"géographique","meaning":"geographic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"geographicus","meaning":"geographic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"geographikos","meaning":"geographic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"geographia","meaning":"description of the earth","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["geography","geology","graphic","geometry","geometer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"topographic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cartographic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"regional","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"d56c020c-e86a-446c-8c2e-2998ba2554cc","word":"geography","definition":"The study of the physical features of the Earth and human interaction with them.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"geografía","language_family":"greek","root":"geographia","root_meaning":"earth description","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"geōgraphía (γεωγραφία)","meaning":"Earth description. From gē (earth) + graphein (to write, describe).","children":[{"era":"1540s","word":"geography","meaning":"The study of Earth's features.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"geografía","meaning":"Geography.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["geographer","geographic","geology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"topography","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earth science","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"bcc5b618-bf1c-4e25-b734-66916f9ebae4","word":"geology","definition":"The science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"geología","language_family":"greek","root":"geologia","root_meaning":"study of the earth","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"gē (γῆ) + -logía (-λογία)","meaning":"Study of the earth. From gē (earth) + logos (study, discourse).","children":[{"era":"1735","word":"geology","meaning":"The study of Earth's structure.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"geología","meaning":"Geology.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["geological","geologist","geography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earth science","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"geoscience","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f3317d52-3392-4afc-a9e1-5a40d4c988c0","word":"geometry","definition":"The branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space and figures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"geometría","language_family":"greek","root":"geōmetria","root_meaning":"earth measurement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"geōmetría (γεωμετρία)","meaning":"Earth measurement, land surveying. From gē (earth) + metron (measure).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"geometry","meaning":"The mathematics of shape and space.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"geometría","meaning":"Geometry.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["geometric","geometer","trigonometry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spatial mathematics","formality":"formal"},{"word":"measurement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"41902c26-6496-4417-8eb5-76c4682dd2e7","word":"george","definition":"A male given name derived from the Greek word for farmer or earth-worker.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Jorge","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek georgos","root_meaning":"farmer, earth-worker","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"George","meaning":"proper name","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"George","meaning":"proper name from saint","children":[{"era":"300 CE","word":"Georgios","meaning":"proper name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"georgos","meaning":"farmer, earth-worker","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Georgia","George's","Georgina","Georgie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiller","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"earth-worker","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"c7d120b6-0188-4cb2-bb56-1fe3df231c11","word":"georgia","definition":"A state in the southeastern United States, or a country in the South Caucasus region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Latin Georgius","root_meaning":"George, farmer (from Greek georgos)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Georgia","meaning":"a state and country named after St. George","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Georgia","meaning":"state named after King George II","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Georgius","meaning":"George, one who works the earth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"georgos","meaning":"farmer, tiller of earth","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English/Colonial English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["George","Georgian","Georgetown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Peach State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Sakartvelo","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"0acec984-8f83-4066-8e62-4942b5a8ef0b","word":"germ","definition":"A germ is a tiny microorganism that can cause disease, or an early developing stage of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"germen","language_family":"latin","root":"germen","root_meaning":"sprout, bud, shoot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"germ","meaning":"tiny microorganism or early developing stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"germen","meaning":"sprout, bud, offshoot, seed","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*ǵenh₁-","meaning":"to beget, give birth, produce","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["germinal","germinate","germination","germicide","germy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"microbe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"microorganism","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pathogen","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"2f9cb13c-f205-4145-9596-f88784885122","word":"german","definition":"Of or relating to Germany, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"germano","language_family":"latin","root":"Germani","root_meaning":"the Germanic peoples","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"German","meaning":"of or relating to Germany","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Germain","meaning":"relating to the Germani","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Germani","meaning":"Germanic peoples","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Germany","Germanic","germane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Teutonic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Germanic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"c0471026-bbd8-4fca-880c-05b0f8535cf2","word":"germany","definition":"A country in central Europe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Alemania","language_family":"germanic","root":"Germania","root_meaning":"land of the Germans","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*guer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Germany","meaning":"European nation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Germania","meaning":"land of the Germans","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["German","Germans","Germanic","Deutschland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Deutsche Republik","formality":"formal"},{"word":"German nation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"87cce783-c61f-41dc-a7ae-b169397e44b8","word":"geronimo","definition":"An exclamation shouted when jumping or leaping, especially in playful or dramatic contexts.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"Jerónimo","language_family":"greek","root":"Ἱερώνυμος","root_meaning":"sacred name","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Geronimo","meaning":"an exclamation used while jumping or leaping","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Jerónimo","meaning":"the personal name from which the English exclamation was borrowed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Hieronymus","meaning":"Latin form of the name Jerome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ἱερώνυμος","meaning":"a Greek personal name meaning 'sacred name'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hieros + onoma","meaning":"'sacred' + 'name'","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jerome","Jerónimo","hieronymic","hieronym","Jerome-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whee","formality":"informal"},{"word":"yippee","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hurray","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"83a72e66-0b6e-4377-b692-868ca6caa6e1","word":"gesture","definition":"A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gesto","language_family":"latin","root":"gestura","root_meaning":"manner of carrying the body, action","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gesture","meaning":"A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gesteure","meaning":"posture, manner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gestura","meaning":"action, manner of carrying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gestus","meaning":"a carrying, gesture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gerere","meaning":"to carry, perform","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gestation","belligerent","congest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"80d6f929-1cb2-4779-8bb1-6717ad2312cf","word":"get","definition":"To come to have or hold; to receive or obtain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"conseguir","language_family":"norse","root":"geta","root_meaning":"to obtain, to beget","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"900s","proto_root":"*ghend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"get","meaning":"To obtain; to become.","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"geta","meaning":"To get, to obtain.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ghend-","meaning":"To seize, to grasp.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["gotten","get-together","forget","beget"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acquire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fetch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"4c5600e3-c672-4164-8859-fb6d71cf4b5e","word":"getaway","definition":"An act of escaping or fleeing, especially from the scene of a crime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geta","root_meaning":"to obtain","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰedʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"getaway","meaning":"An act of escaping...","children":[{"era":"current","word":"get","meaning":"to obtain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geta","meaning":"to obtain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*getaną","meaning":"to get","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gʰedʰ-","meaning":"to seize, take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"away","meaning":"from a particular place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"aweg","meaning":"away, off","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["escape","flee","flight","breakout","retreat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"escape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retreat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"13c1c4a6-0763-46bf-b046-4394d999d49f","word":"gets","definition":"Third person singular present tense of get, meaning to obtain or receive something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"get","root_meaning":"to seize or grasp","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gets","meaning":"obtains, receives, becomes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"get","meaning":"to seize, grasp","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"geta","meaning":"to seize, get","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["getter","getting","got","gotten","getup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtains","formality":"formal"},{"word":"receives","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquires","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gains","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"4d5c7989-2671-44cd-ba29-f2921b626b44","word":"getting","definition":"The present participle of get; obtaining or becoming.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"geta","root_meaning":"to obtain","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ghed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"getting","meaning":"obtaining","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"get","meaning":"obtain","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"geta","meaning":"to obtain","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["get","gets","gotten","getter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtaining","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquiring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"receiving","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"4c73ece1-ed44-4b73-8c70-d79f5e1d3765","word":"ghastly","definition":"Shockingly frightful, unpleasant, or gruesome.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gāst","root_meaning":"spirit, ghost","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gaistaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ghastly","meaning":"shockingly frightful, unpleasant, or gruesome","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gastly","meaning":"ghostly; horrifying","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gast","meaning":"ghost, spirit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gāst","meaning":"ghost, spirit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gaistaz","meaning":"spirit, ghost","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ghost","ghostly","ghast","geist","ghastiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gruesome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"horrific","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hideous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eerie","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"b6c2c05a-7931-490f-864e-96236a79f1e3","word":"ghost","definition":"An apparition of a dead person which is believed to appear or become manifest to the living.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gāstaz","root_meaning":"spirit, soul, ghost","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*gʰeysd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ghost","meaning":"spirit of a dead person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gāst","meaning":"spirit, soul, demon, angel","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gāstaz","meaning":"spirit, soul, ghost","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*gʰeysd-","meaning":"to be excited, frightened","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ghastly","aghast","spirit","specter","phantom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specter","formality":"literary"},{"word":"phantom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"877af119-4556-4c6f-a17f-43b79c2518d7","word":"giant","definition":"An imaginary or mythical being of human form but of superhuman size and strength.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gigante","language_family":"greek","root":"gigas","root_meaning":"giant","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"giant","meaning":"a very large being","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"geant","meaning":"giant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gigas","meaning":"giant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gigas","meaning":"giant","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gigantic","gigantism","Gaea"],"synonyms":[{"word":"colossus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"behemoth","formality":"literary"},{"word":"titan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"6c889720-6eb8-4eb3-805e-7b97801037fe","word":"gibberish","definition":"Gibberish is speech or writing that is unintelligible or meaningless.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gibberish","meaning":"unintelligible or meaningless speech or writing","children":[{"era":"c. 1600","word":"gibber","meaning":"to speak rapidly and inarticulately","children":[{"era":"c. 1400","word":"jabber","meaning":"to chatter indistinctly","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gibber","gibbered","gibbering","jabber","gibberish-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonsense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"babble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gobbledygook","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"2cad8463-7c6f-4d7b-839b-0ccb6d44108e","word":"giddy","definition":"Giddy means dizzy or light-headed, and by extension overly excited or frivolous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gidig","root_meaning":"mad; possessed; foolish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"giddy","meaning":"dizzy or overly excited","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gidig","meaning":"possessed, mad, foolish","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["giddiness","giddily","giddy-up","giddying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dizzy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lightheaded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frivolous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"772f74d7-5030-4062-8754-aa33272feef2","word":"gift","definition":"A thing given willingly to someone without payment; a present.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gipt","root_meaning":"something given","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*geb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gift","meaning":"a present","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gift","meaning":"something given","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*geb-","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["give","gifted","gifting","giftware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"donation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offering","formality":"formal"},{"word":"token","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"ad601f9a-f473-4d35-aa5e-157076eaccd4","word":"gifts","definition":"Things given voluntarily to someone without expectation of return.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dádivas","language_family":"germanic","root":"gieft","root_meaning":"to give, gift","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*geb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gifts","meaning":"things given as presents","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"gift","meaning":"something given, gift","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"gieft","meaning":"gift, present, what is given","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gifted","gift-wrap","give","giver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offerings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"donations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"df5c878e-140e-45f7-b11c-588727888205","word":"gig","definition":"A single professional engagement, usually for a musician or performer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1920s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gig","meaning":"A single professional engagement","children":[{"era":"1920s","word":"gig","meaning":"a job, engagement (especially for jazz musicians)","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"gig","meaning":"a light two-wheeled carriage, a small boat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"giga","meaning":"to whirl, spin","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English (earlier sense)"}],"language":"English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gigging","gigster","engagement","concert","job"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engagement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"performance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"f6d8f439-7432-4fc2-ba8e-f4bf7b4a298c","word":"gigantic","definition":"Of very great size or extent; huge or enormous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gigante","language_family":"greek","root":"gigantem","root_meaning":"giant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gigantic","meaning":"of very great size","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gigantus","meaning":"giant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gigas","meaning":"giant","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["giant","gigantism","gigantesque","giganticism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mammoth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"f0a2a47b-5bcf-4a4b-af7f-cb2ba60d2c59","word":"giggle","definition":"To laugh in a silly, often high-pitched way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"giggle","root_meaning":"(imitative sound)","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"giggle","meaning":"to laugh in a silly way","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"giggle","meaning":"imitative sound of light laughter","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cackle","snicker","titter","guffaw","chuckle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"titter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snicker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chortle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"laugh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"781263c9-6c9e-425d-9457-a8b71c800b20","word":"ginger","definition":"A pungent, spicy root used in cooking or medicine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jengibre","language_family":"greek","root":"zingiberi","root_meaning":"ginger","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"pre-100 BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ginger","meaning":"A pungent, spicy root used in cooking or medicine.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gingembre","meaning":"ginger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"zingiber","meaning":"ginger","children":[{"era":"pre-100 BCE","word":"zingiberi","meaning":"ginger","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"śṛṅgavera","meaning":"horn-body (from appearance)","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gingery","gingerbread","gingersnap","ginger ale","zingiber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"root","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condiment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"1c7ba6f0-1570-4cd9-b24b-a7b4e4f57a18","word":"girl","definition":"A female child or young woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gyrle","root_meaning":"girl, maiden","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"girl","meaning":"female child","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gyrle","meaning":"girl, maiden","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gyrle","meaning":"girl, maiden","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["girly","girlish","schoolgirl","girlfriend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"young woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"maiden","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"be2e45df-c55b-4017-9fa8-55f68135d5fc","word":"girlfriend","definition":"A person's regular female companion with whom they have a romantic or sexual relationship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gerle + freond","root_meaning":"young person + friend","root_language":"Middle English + Old English","root_era":"1200s (gerle), pre-1100 (freond)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"girlfriend","meaning":"romantic female partner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"girl","meaning":"young person, child","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"friend","meaning":"friend","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boy","friendship","partner","companion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lover","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"0c50964e-f2ad-4836-a8b5-61aaaf54b999","word":"girlie","definition":"Informally feminine, girlish, or stereotypically associated with girls.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*gurilā","root_meaning":"young child; girl","root_language":"Proto-West Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"girlie","meaning":"Informally feminine, girlish, or stereotypically associated with girls.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"girl","meaning":"a female child or young woman","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"girle","meaning":"girl","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gurilā","meaning":"young child; girl","children":[],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-ie","meaning":"forming diminutives and familiar forms","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["girl","girly","girlish","girlhood","girliness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"girly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"feminine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ladylike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"af979382-54a9-41fc-aa9b-e044c4b79493","word":"girls","definition":"Plural of girl; female children or young women.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"girl","root_meaning":"young woman, child of either sex","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"girls","meaning":"plural of girl","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"girl","meaning":"young woman or child","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gyrle","meaning":"young woman of uncertain origin","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["girl","girlish","girlhood","schoolgirl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"females","formality":"formal"},{"word":"young women","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ladies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lasses","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"2107d52d-5781-4f8d-9480-2de252de20a9","word":"git","definition":"A British and Irish slang term for a foolish, annoying, or contemptible person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"get","root_meaning":"[illegitimate] offspring; brat","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"git","meaning":"a foolish, annoying, or contemptible person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"get","meaning":"[illegitimate] offspring; brat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beget","meaning":"to father; produce offspring","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["get","beget","begotten","gits","gittish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twit","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"89b69129-19c6-4d7e-871c-adf556a12a2f","word":"give","definition":"To freely transfer the possession of something to someone","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"giefan","root_meaning":"to give, bestow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*geban-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1100s","word":"give","meaning":"to transfer freely to another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"giefan","meaning":"to give, bestow, grant","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*geban-","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["given","gave","giveaway","forgive","gift"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bestow","formality":"formal"},{"word":"donate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hand over","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"d9c01d26-fc13-42df-a091-8a3baa57d5d6","word":"given","definition":"Provided, presented, or assumed as a fact.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"give","root_meaning":"to bestow or grant","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*geb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"given","meaning":"provided or assumed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"give","meaning":"to grant or bestow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"giefan","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["give","gives","giving","giver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"granted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assumed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.380Z"}
{"id":"e940debe-74fe-48de-af51-ddc5e5e7ede9","word":"gives","definition":"The third-person singular present tense of give, meaning to transfer or provide something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"giefan","root_meaning":"to give","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gives","meaning":"to transfer or provide","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"give","meaning":"to bestow or transfer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"giefan","meaning":"to give","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ghabh-","meaning":"to take or grab","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["give","given","giver","giving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provides","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bestows","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"87225288-6035-4712-95bf-66337151e298","word":"giving","definition":"The act of providing or transferring something to another person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dar","language_family":"germanic","root":"gifan","root_meaning":"to give","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"giving","meaning":"act of providing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"give","meaning":"to provide, transfer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gifan","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["give","given","giver","gift"],"synonyms":[{"word":"providing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"donating","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"1cfe3ea4-69fb-4787-99b9-d7c572e9bc5a","word":"glacier","definition":"A glacier is a large, slow-moving mass of ice formed from compacted snow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"glaciar","language_family":"french","root":"glaciēs","root_meaning":"ice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glacier","meaning":"a large, slow-moving mass of ice","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"glacier","meaning":"glacier; icy mass","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"glace","meaning":"ice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"glaciēs","meaning":"ice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glacial","glaciation","glaciologist","glaciate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ice mass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ice stream","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ice river","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"55503685-956c-422d-a283-034a74b2d06c","word":"glad","definition":"Feeling pleasure, joy, or delight.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"glæd","root_meaning":"bright, joyful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gladaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glad","meaning":"Feeling pleasure, joy, or delight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"glæd","meaning":"bright, joyful","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gladly","gladness","gladden","gleam","glitter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"happy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joyful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"eefe31be-3181-4abc-ae02-f736445510fd","word":"gladly","definition":"With pleasure or readiness.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"glæd","root_meaning":"bright, cheerful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gladaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gladly","meaning":"with pleasure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"glad","meaning":"bright, cheerful","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gladaz","meaning":"bright, joyous","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["glad","gladness","gladden","glee","gleeful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"happily","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"willingly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheerfully","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eagerly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"a978d85c-c00d-433a-93e4-311c7a2e74b9","word":"glamour","definition":"Originally, a magical charm or spell that makes things appear more beautiful, now also the quality of alluring charm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"γράμμα","root_meaning":"letter, written mark","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glamour","meaning":"magic charm; alluring attractiveness","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"glamour","meaning":"magic, enchantment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gramarye","meaning":"grammar; learning; magic lore","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gramaire","meaning":"grammar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"γραμματική","meaning":"grammar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"γράμμα","meaning":"letter; written mark","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grammar","gramarye","glamor","glamoury","grimoire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enchantment","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"17184a5c-cfa8-49e4-a68c-cc05f915c531","word":"glance","definition":"To take a brief or hurried look.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"glanzen","root_meaning":"to shine, glitter","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*glenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glance","meaning":"to take a brief look","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"glansen","meaning":"to strike with a glancing blow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"glanzen","meaning":"to shine, glitter","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glimmer","gleam","glare","glass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"look","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glimpse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"view","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"7b8de8d6-ac14-4cda-bec8-27e563754265","word":"glass","definition":"A hard, transparent substance made by fusing silicates, typically used for windows and containers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"glass","language_family":"germanic","root":"glæs","root_meaning":"glass, amber","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glass","meaning":"transparent silicate material","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"glas","meaning":"glass","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"glæs","meaning":"glass, amber","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glassy","glassware","glasses","glazed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crystal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vitreous substance","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"41eaeaa1-0310-471a-9598-04ddf61f9f3a","word":"glee","definition":"Great delight or merriment, often expressed in singing or laughter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English glēo","root_meaning":"mirth; entertainment; music","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glee","meaning":"great delight or merriment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English glēo","meaning":"mirth; entertainment; music","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gleeful","gleefully","gleeman","gleesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mirth","formality":"literary"},{"word":"delight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"49a54cc1-3208-423e-bbf7-52ff8fe33772","word":"glen","definition":"A narrow valley, especially one that is long, deep, and often wooded, typically in Scotland or Ireland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"gleann","root_meaning":"valley","root_language":"Old Irish / Scottish Gaelic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*glend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glen","meaning":"narrow valley","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gleann","meaning":"valley","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*glend-","meaning":"valley","children":[],"language":"Proto-Celtic"}],"language":"Scottish Gaelic/Old Irish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glens","loch","strath","dale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"valley","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ravine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"d09ac42b-0aee-4f8b-96be-2411f74bf483","word":"glimpse","definition":"A momentary or partial view.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"glim","root_meaning":"to shine, look","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ghlei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glimpse","meaning":"a momentary view","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"glymsyn","meaning":"to glitter, shine faintly (verb)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"glimra","meaning":"to glitter, gleam","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gleam","glimmer","glance","glitter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"look","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"80d4c954-a27a-47b9-9379-b9bd5462b642","word":"glitch","definition":"A small malfunction or irregularity in a system, device, or process.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"גליטש","root_meaning":"slip; snag","root_language":"Yiddish","root_era":"modern","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glitch","meaning":"a small malfunction or irregularity","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"גליטש","meaning":"slip; snag","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"glitschen","meaning":"to slide, glide, slip","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Yiddish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glide","slip","slither","glissade","glissando"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hitch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fault","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"937edf35-ba92-4980-83a7-2cd6cae86111","word":"glitter","definition":"To shine with quick, sparkling flashes of light.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *glitraną","root_meaning":"to shine, gleam","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glitter","meaning":"to shine with sparkling light","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Middle English gliteren","meaning":"to glitter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English gliteren","meaning":"to shine, glitter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *glitraną","meaning":"to shine, gleam","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glittered","glittering","glittery","glitters","glitteringly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sparkle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gleam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shimmer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"e0e1903b-a291-449b-94b6-4eda8601473f","word":"global","definition":"Relating to the whole world; comprehensive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"global","language_family":"latin","root":"globus","root_meaning":"sphere, ball","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*gel-","meaning":"To form into a ball.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"globus","meaning":"Sphere, round mass.","children":[{"era":"1670s","word":"global","meaning":"Spherical; then worldwide.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"global","meaning":"Global, worldwide.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["globe","globalize","globalization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worldwide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"universal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"international","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"f3bccea5-70c9-4c4e-9745-570f3afa7e69","word":"globe","definition":"A spherical object; specifically, the Earth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"globo","language_family":"latin","root":"globus","root_meaning":"sphere, ball","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"globe","meaning":"A spherical object; specifically, the Earth","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"globe","meaning":"sphere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"globus","meaning":"sphere, ball","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["global","globular","globally","globule","conglomerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sphere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ball","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"55a8e38c-23e4-4adc-8f05-fc32f25217a7","word":"gloomy","definition":"Gloomy means dark, dim, or cheerless in mood or appearance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gloom","root_meaning":"darkness, dimness, or melancholy","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gloomy","meaning":"dark, dim, or cheerless","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gloom","meaning":"darkness, dimness, or melancholy","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning 'full of'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gloom","gloomily","gloominess","glum","glummer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dreary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bleak","formality":"formal"},{"word":"somber","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"54e5ee53-df2b-4547-af4f-a4c51815f4de","word":"gloria","definition":"A hymn or anthem of praise, especially the Gloria in excelsis Deo. Also, a female given name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gloria","language_family":"latin","root":"gloria","root_meaning":"fame, renown, honor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gloria","meaning":"hymn of praise, female name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gloria","meaning":"fame, renown, honor, praise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glory","glorious","glorify","inglorious","renown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renown","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"9a47d2a3-8127-4344-af28-e23117429055","word":"glorious","definition":"Having, worthy of, or bringing fame or admiration.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"glorioso","language_family":"latin","root":"gloria","root_meaning":"fame, praise, honor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glorious","meaning":"magnificent; full of glory","children":[{"era":"null","word":"glorios","meaning":"glorious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gloriosus","meaning":"full of glory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gloria","meaning":"fame, praise, honor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glory","inglorious","vainglory","magnificent","splendor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnificent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splendid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illustrious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"e4b55805-a44b-423d-8bde-3ec04f612019","word":"glory","definition":"High renown or honor won by notable achievements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gloria","language_family":"latin","root":"gloria","root_meaning":"fame, renown, praise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kleu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glory","meaning":"High renown or honor","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"glorie","meaning":"glory, praise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gloria","meaning":"fame, renown, praise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["glorious","praise","renown","listen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renown","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splendor","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"6cea2a1b-a7de-40ef-be45-5bb6108ac982","word":"glossary","definition":"An alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to a specific text, with explanations of their meanings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"glosario","language_family":"greek","root":"glossa","root_meaning":"tongue, language, obscure word","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*glōsā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glossary","meaning":"An alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to a specific text, with explanations of their meanings.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"glossarium","meaning":"collection of difficult words","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"glōssa","meaning":"tongue, language, obscure word","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*glōsā","meaning":"tongue","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gloss","glossolalia","polyglot","linguistic","lexicon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lexicon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vocabulary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wordbook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"dc78360e-b0f5-4963-8aab-83730a5f245f","word":"glove","definition":"A covering for the hand worn for protection, typically with separate sheaths for each finger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"glof","root_meaning":"palm of the hand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*galōbō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glove","meaning":"A hand covering.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"glof","meaning":"palm of the hand, glove","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*galōbō","meaning":"covering for the hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gloved","gauntlet","mitten","glover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mitt","formality":"informal"},{"word":"handwear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"1c1816d1-e533-428e-857d-885eea84cb77","word":"glow","definition":"To emit a steady light without flame or great heat; a steady emission of light or heat.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"glōwan","root_meaning":"to shine, glow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghlō-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glow","meaning":"to emit a steady light without flame or great heat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"glōwan","meaning":"to shine, glow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*glōaną","meaning":"to glow, shine","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ghlō-","meaning":"to shine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gleam","glimmer","glaze","glossy","glisten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gleam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shimmer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"fdc47cb6-4e24-4bae-be38-83e84ef51f77","word":"glucose","definition":"A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"glucosa","language_family":"greek","root":"gleukos","root_meaning":"sweet wine, must","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient Greek","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glucose","meaning":"A simple sugar","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"glucose","meaning":"glucose","children":[{"era":"ancient Greek","word":"gleukos","meaning":"sweet wine, must","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["glycogen","glycemic","glycerin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dextrose","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sugar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"61eb7e18-32d4-44cc-8bc1-1c79ca43c610","word":"glue","definition":"An adhesive substance used for sticking objects or materials together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"glu","root_meaning":"birdlime, glue","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*glei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"glue","meaning":"adhesive substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"glu","meaning":"birdlime, glue","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"glus","meaning":"glue, birdlime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"glūten","meaning":"glue, anything sticky","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gluten","agglutinate","conglutinate","sticky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adhesive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paste","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"f67f7a98-80c9-42b1-98c0-d6b84e72560f","word":"gmt","definition":"Greenwich Mean Time; the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Greenwich","root_meaning":"a district in London on the Prime Meridian","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gmt","meaning":"mean solar time at Greenwich","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"GMT","meaning":"Greenwich Mean Time","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Greenwich","meaning":"location in London","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["UTC","time zone","meridian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Coordinated Universal Time","formality":"formal"},{"word":"UTC","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"756cd8e2-6add-4176-a247-e9e3d1247610","word":"gnome","definition":"A legendary dwarflike creature typically guarding treasure underground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gnomo","language_family":"greek","root":"gnomus","root_meaning":"earth-dweller","root_language":"Neo-Latin (based on Greek)","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gnome","meaning":"dwarflike creature","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"gnomus","meaning":"legendary earth-dweller","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gē ('earth') + nomos ('dwelling')","meaning":"earth-dwelling","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["geology","economy","astronomy","gnomic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dwarf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"goblin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprite","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"f070e298-6afb-4811-aca0-bcaabd96f8d4","word":"gnu","definition":"A large African antelope with a massive body, curved horns, and a mane; also called a wildebeest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"gnu","root_meaning":"wildebeest","root_language":"Khoisan (Afrikaans)","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gnu","meaning":"African antelope","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"gnu","meaning":"wildebeest","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"gnu","meaning":"wildebeest","children":[{"era":"pre-colonial","word":"gnu","meaning":"wildebeest, antelope","children":[],"language":"Khoisan languages"}],"language":"Afrikaans"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wildebeest","antelope","gnus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wildebeest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antelope","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"ce44292b-386e-419c-9b1d-b6a7114f1f63","word":"go","definition":"To move or travel; to proceed in a direction","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gān","root_meaning":"to go, walk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gēan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"go","meaning":"to move, travel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gān","meaning":"to go, walk","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gēan-","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["went","gone","going","ago","undergo","outgo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proceed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"travel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"head","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:07:26.830Z"}
{"id":"b62449dc-2503-407e-8e51-873d97c45233","word":"goal","definition":"The object or desired result that one strives to achieve.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gal","root_meaning":"to want, to seek","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goal","meaning":"desired objective or endpoint","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"goal","meaning":"starting point of a race, endpoint","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"gal","meaning":"to want, to seek","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goalpost","goalkeeper","goals","goal-oriented"],"synonyms":[{"word":"objective","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"target","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"857452a0-970b-4647-b5cb-9dc7d9dffe48","word":"goals","definition":"The objects of a person's ambition or effort; aims or desired results.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gol","root_meaning":"boundary, end point","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goals","meaning":"desired outcomes","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"goal","meaning":"point to be reached","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"gol","meaning":"boundary","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goal","goalpost","goalkeep","goalkeeper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aims","formality":"formal"},{"word":"objectives","formality":"formal"},{"word":"targets","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"06ffc58a-50b2-4f7c-9e8e-cf3626718508","word":"goat","definition":"A hardy domesticated ruminant mammal that has backward-curving horns and, in the male, a beard.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gat","root_meaning":"goat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰaidō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goat","meaning":"A domesticated mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gat","meaning":"goat","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gaitaz","meaning":"goat","children":[{"era":"proto-era","word":"*gʰaidō","meaning":"goat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goatee","caprine","goatherd","scapegoat","kid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"billy goat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nanny goat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"cb3f1a59-63b5-4ec8-afb0-cd4a8cbc9ec3","word":"goblin","definition":"A goblin is a mischievous or ugly supernatural creature in folklore.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gobelin","root_meaning":"goblin; evil spirit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goblin","meaning":"a mischievous or ugly supernatural creature","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gobelin","meaning":"goblin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gobelin","meaning":"goblin; evil spirit","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hobgoblin","goblinoid","goblinish","gobline","imp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprite","formality":"literary"},{"word":"elf","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"9eb3e899-1be9-4319-a752-4b7d0d5d2c94","word":"god","definition":"(in monotheistic religions) the creator and ruler of the universe and source of all moral authority; (in polytheistic religions) a supernatural being considered divine or sacred.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"god","root_meaning":"deity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"god","meaning":"Supreme being or deity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"god","meaning":"god, good","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gudą","meaning":"god","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goddess","godly","gospel","goodbye","good"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"creator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supreme being","formality":"formal"},{"word":"divine","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"6bf12949-6a66-4ae5-9d33-fb526bc0da61","word":"goddammit","definition":"An exclamation of anger or frustration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"God damn it","root_meaning":"a curse or imprecation calling upon God to condemn something","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goddammit","meaning":"exclamation of anger","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"God damn it","meaning":"an imprecation","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["damn","damnation","god","hell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"darn it","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blast it","formality":"informal"},{"word":"for crying out loud","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"d60c8a1d-8fc5-4072-83fa-2b17ac2c6f20","word":"goddamn","definition":"Used as an oath or intensifier expressing anger, frustration, or emphasis.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"God + damn","root_meaning":"God condemn (it)","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*ǵʰeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goddamn","meaning":"oath expressing anger or emphasis","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"God damn","meaning":"may God condemn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"God","meaning":"supreme deity","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gudą","meaning":"that which is invoked","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*ǵʰeu-","meaning":"to pour, call upon","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"damner","meaning":"to condemn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"damnare","meaning":"to condemn, harm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"damnum","meaning":"damage, loss","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["damn","damned","goddamned","damnation","god-awful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"damned","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bloody","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cursed","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"confounded","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"e0b40baf-f532-4ba2-9077-05a0b94e71e6","word":"goddess","definition":"A female deity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diosa","language_family":"germanic","root":"god, -ess","root_meaning":"divine being, female suffix","root_language":"Proto-Germanic, Old French","root_era":"pre-1100, 1200s","proto_root":"*gudom, *issa","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goddess","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"god","meaning":"divine being","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ess","meaning":"female suffix","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["god","godly","deity","divine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divinity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"56e2e918-3f50-402e-9469-5a58f50ddcc1","word":"godfather","definition":"A man who acts as a sponsor for a child at baptism and promises to help with their religious upbringing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"godfæder","root_meaning":"god-father","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵʰu-tó-m","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"godfather","meaning":"baptismal sponsor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"godfæder","meaning":"god-father","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"god","meaning":"god","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gudą","meaning":"god","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*ǵʰu-tó-m","meaning":"that which is invoked","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæder","meaning":"father","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*fadēr","meaning":"father","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*ph₂tḗr","meaning":"father","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["godmother","godson","father","paternity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sponsor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patron","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"9c66c698-5e1c-4fd2-9510-479c77aca614","word":"godmother","definition":"A female godparent who sponsors a child at baptism or a related Christian ceremony.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"godmōdor","root_meaning":"female baptismal sponsor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"godmother","meaning":"female godparent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"godmōdor","meaning":"female baptismal sponsor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"god","meaning":"God","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōdor","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["godfather","godparent","godchild","godson","goddaughter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"female godparent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baptismal sponsor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sponsor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"3827235b-8fdd-4fc4-848d-d02db85e0107","word":"goes","definition":"Moves from one place to another, or proceeds in a specified manner.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gān","root_meaning":"to go, walk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*geh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goes","meaning":"moves, proceeds","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"go","meaning":"to go, walk, proceed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gān","meaning":"to go, walk","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","going","gone","goes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moves","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"travels","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proceeds","formality":"formal"},{"word":"departs","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"43041eef-e11e-48c5-8989-e850f4e110a5","word":"going","definition":"Moving or traveling from one place to another; present participle of 'go'.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"go","root_meaning":"to move, travel, or depart","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"going","meaning":"traveling or moving","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"go","meaning":"to move or travel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gā-","meaning":"to go, move","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","goes","gone","gone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traveling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"departing","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"a7c6d40f-d6af-419d-835f-1b627a88fd4c","word":"gold","definition":"A yellow precious metal; the color of gold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oro","language_family":"germanic","root":"gold","root_meaning":"gold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ghel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"gold","meaning":"A precious yellow metal.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"gold","meaning":"The precious yellow metal.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ghel-","meaning":"To shine, yellow.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["golden","goldsmith","marigold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aurum","formality":"scientific"},{"word":"bullion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"39fb757c-f2b6-4465-b521-f4faf3de2dbb","word":"golden","definition":"Made of or colored like gold; bright yellow in color or precious in quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"dorado","language_family":"germanic","root":"gold","root_meaning":"precious yellow metal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"golden","meaning":"made of or like gold; precious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"golden","meaning":"made of gold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gold","meaning":"the precious metal","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*ghel-","meaning":"to shine, gleam, yellow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gold","gild","gilded","gelid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"valuable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aureate","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"5c62b20b-751e-4996-a8e2-64954ef5e22c","word":"goldfish","definition":"A small freshwater fish with a golden color, especially the domesticated carp Carassius auratus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gold + fish","root_meaning":"gold + fish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goldfish","meaning":"a golden-colored fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gold","meaning":"gold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *gulþą","meaning":"gold","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"PIE *ǵʰel-","meaning":"shine, yellow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fish","meaning":"fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *fiskaz","meaning":"fish","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"PIE *peisk-","meaning":"fish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gold","golden","fish","fishes","goldfish bowl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carp","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ornamental fish","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pet fish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"2978a37b-2ef2-47ce-8692-240f09f4378e","word":"golf","definition":"A sport played on a large outdoor course where players hit a ball into holes using clubs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"golf","root_meaning":"club","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"golf","meaning":"outdoor sport","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"golf","meaning":"the game","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"golf","meaning":"club","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Scots English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["golfer","golfing","golfclub","fairway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eighteen holes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"384e9857-0295-4945-bd18-fa36e0509d09","word":"goliath","definition":"A giant-like biblical Philistine warrior defeated by David.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Goliat","language_family":"other","root":"Golyat","root_meaning":"uncertain","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goliath","meaning":"a giant-like biblical warrior","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Goliath","meaning":"the biblical name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Goliath","meaning":"the biblical name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Golyat","meaning":"the biblical name; etymology uncertain","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Goliat","goliath-like","goliath-sized","goliathism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"giant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"titan","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"a93e51f4-ae83-4ce0-8eb1-0bc934137893","word":"golly","definition":"Golly is an exclamation used to express surprise, emphasis, or mild astonishment.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"God","root_meaning":"deity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"golly","meaning":"an exclamation of surprise or emphasis","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"God","meaning":"a deity; the Christian God","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gudą","meaning":"god, deity","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gosh","gee","golly-gee","goodness","God"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gosh","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gee","formality":"informal"},{"word":"goodness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"f8e1c54a-f572-4b9d-9557-d250326b4bd8","word":"gon","definition":"A unit of plane angle equal to one four-hundredth of a full turn.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"γωνία (gōnía)","root_meaning":"angle, corner","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gon","meaning":"a unit of plane angle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gōnía","meaning":"angle, corner","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goniometer","goniometry","gonial","polygon","trigonometry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gradian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"grade","formality":"technical"},{"word":"centesimal degree","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"3d1d44ec-cb14-4359-a65b-6bc99bd1aa17","word":"gone","definition":"Departed or no longer present in a place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"go","root_meaning":"to walk, move","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gone","meaning":"departed or absent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"go","meaning":"to move from one place to another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gan","meaning":"to go, walk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","goes","going","went"],"synonyms":[{"word":"departed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"absent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vanished","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"71a5a7e6-d76b-4fd3-8624-9f0784cdb6ee","word":"gong","definition":"A metallic disc-shaped percussion instrument that produces a resonant sound when struck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"agong","root_meaning":"large bell, gong","root_language":"Malay","root_era":"pre-1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gong","meaning":"percussion instrument","children":[{"era":"pre-16th C","word":"gong","meaning":"large bell","children":[],"language":"Malay"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clang","chime","bell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carillon","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"359d60b8-8276-4ae8-a7d4-0db6d592b435","word":"gonna","definition":"Informal spoken contraction of 'going to', used to express future intention or prediction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gān","root_meaning":"to go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gheh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s–present","word":"gonna","meaning":"going to (future marker)","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"going to","meaning":"moving toward; future periphrastic construction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gān (go) + tō (to)","meaning":"to travel toward","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gheh₁-","meaning":"to go, to leave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English (informal)"},"related_words":["go","going","gone","went","ago"],"synonyms":[{"word":"going to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"will","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fixin' to","formality":"informal"},{"word":"about to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"47e557b9-3189-4d7c-9454-45fc2831351d","word":"goo","definition":"Goo is a sticky, wet, formless substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goo","meaning":"a sticky, wet, formless substance","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"goo","meaning":"a sticky, soft, semi-liquid substance; probably expressive or imitative in origin","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gooey","goop","gooiness","goopy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gunk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"muck","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"77bcce30-5d05-4f35-bf92-e13cd23128c6","word":"good","definition":"Having the right or desirable qualities; morally right","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gōd","root_meaning":"good, virtuous, fitting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gōdaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"good","meaning":"having desirable qualities; morally right","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gōd","meaning":"good, virtuous, fitting","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gōdaz","meaning":"fitting, suitable","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goodness","goodwill","goodbye","goods","goodly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"great","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"55eedf30-64ba-408a-8b49-c5f1cf69c1c8","word":"goodbye","definition":"A conventional expression used when parting or ending a conversation.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"God be with ye","root_meaning":"may God be with you","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goodbye","meaning":"farewell","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"God be with ye","meaning":"may God be with you","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["farewell","godspeed","adieu"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farewell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bye","formality":"informal"},{"word":"adios","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"8c9b30a8-9475-4e4a-89fd-594afb53e0ee","word":"goodman","definition":"A compound noun meaning a good man, historically also used as a respectful form of address or a surname.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gōd mann","root_meaning":"good man","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goodman","meaning":"a good man; historically a respectful address or surname","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"good","meaning":"good","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"man; person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["good","man","goodness","manhood","gentleman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gentleman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fellow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"man","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"ef1e03b2-d731-4a30-87b2-f3cedef12490","word":"goodness","definition":"The quality or state of being morally virtuous, kind, or beneficial.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gōdnes","root_meaning":"virtue, excellence","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰedʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goodness","meaning":"moral virtue or excellence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gōdnes","meaning":"goodness, virtue","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"gōd","meaning":"good, fitting","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gʰedʰ-","meaning":"to unite, be associated with","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["good","goodly","goody","goodness-gracious","goodhearted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"virtue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"righteousness","formality":"literary"},{"word":"kindness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"aa0b6c23-c35d-42c7-b82e-8cd3047f7f47","word":"goods","definition":"Merchandise or wares, especially those bought and sold in commerce.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English god","root_meaning":"good, suitable","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghodh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goods","meaning":"merchandise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"good","meaning":"suitable, beneficial","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*ghodh-","meaning":"suitable, fitting","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["good","goodness","goods","goody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merchandise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wares","formality":"formal"},{"word":"products","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"e6370e21-627e-4bc0-a3b4-25e347645598","word":"goodwill","definition":"Goodwill is friendly, benevolent, or cooperative feeling toward others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gōd willa","root_meaning":"good will; benevolence","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gōdaz + *wiljō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goodwill","meaning":"friendly or benevolent feeling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"good will","meaning":"benevolent intention or favor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gōd","meaning":"good","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"willa","meaning":"will, desire, intention","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle/Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["good-will","goodwillie","well-wisher","benevolence","amity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"benevolence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kindness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"favor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"a9437fb8-a1d4-470c-9771-9b3c22e90c4d","word":"goody","definition":"A goody is a tasty treat or, in older use, a familiar title for a married woman of humble rank.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goody","meaning":"a treat; formerly a term of address for a married woman of humble rank","children":[{"era":"1745","word":"good + -y","meaning":"a tasty thing; later an exclamation of pleasure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"good","meaning":"good; pleasing; beneficial","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"suffix forming adjectives and nouns","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1550s","word":"goodwife","meaning":"a courteous title for a married woman of humble rank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"good","meaning":"good","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wife","meaning":"woman; spouse","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["good","goodie","goody-goody","goodwife"],"synonyms":[{"word":"treat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"goodie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"delicacy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"303dc000-4fc5-48c4-9253-71ec474ccf62","word":"goofy","definition":"Silly, awkward, or comically foolish.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"goof","root_meaning":"a foolish person","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goofy","meaning":"silly, awkward, or comically foolish","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"goof","meaning":"a foolish person; the base word","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-y","meaning":"adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goof","goofing","goofiness","goofball","goofily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"foolish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absurd","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"33b19780-b0b3-4016-bb92-e53ffb8a4c13","word":"google","definition":"To search for information using the Google search engine or to perform an internet search.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"googol","root_meaning":"the number 10 to the 100th power","root_language":"English","root_era":"1938","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1998","word":"google","meaning":"to search the internet","children":[{"era":"1938","word":"googol","meaning":"10^100, a very large number","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["googol","googler","googleable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"search","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"query","formality":"formal"},{"word":"look up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"267ba383-e9be-46f0-bf91-ad886c5323be","word":"goon","definition":"A foolish, brutish, or inept person, especially a thug or hired bully.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goon","meaning":"a foolish, brutish, or inept person","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["goony","goonish","gooney","goon squad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bully","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stooge","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"63b3d499-259d-4e27-80f4-adc8afb0a642","word":"goose","definition":"A large water bird with a long neck, short legs, webbed feet, and a short broad bill.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ganso","language_family":"germanic","root":"gans","root_meaning":"goose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵʰans-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goose","meaning":"a water bird","children":[{"era":"null","word":"gos","meaning":"goose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gans","meaning":"goose","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*ǵʰans-","meaning":"goose","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gosling","gander","geese"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poultry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"f3b3a71d-6c6a-4003-9d35-1c0a7ebb11b9","word":"gore","definition":"blood that has been shed, especially as a result of violence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gor","root_meaning":"dung, filth, blood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gur-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gore","meaning":"shed blood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gor","meaning":"dung, filth, blood","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*gur-","meaning":"liquid filth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gory","dung","filth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carnage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"butchery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slaughter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"76f576e6-d50f-4878-a0ab-e1db6487c988","word":"gorge","definition":"a narrow steep-sided ravine or deep valley.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gurges","root_meaning":"whirlpool, abyss, gulf","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gorge","meaning":"a narrow steep-sided ravine or deep valley","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gorge","meaning":"throat, neck, ravine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gurges","meaning":"whirlpool, abyss, gulf","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gorged","gorging","engorge","engorged","engorgement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ravine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canyon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chasm","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"2e9cc029-e6de-4681-b780-2ac25a48958a","word":"gorgeous","definition":"Beautiful or attractive in a striking or showy way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gorgias","root_meaning":"elegant, fashionable","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gorgeous","meaning":"strikingly beautiful","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"gorgious","meaning":"sumptuous, splendid","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"gorgias","meaning":"elegant, fashionable; a piece of finery","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gorge","gorgeousness","gorgeously","gorging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnificent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stunning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splendid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beautiful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"64064658-8759-436b-b020-d8dcde12988f","word":"gorilla","definition":"A large, powerful, herbivorous ape native to the forests of central Africa, known for its intelligence and social structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gorila","language_family":"other","root":"Γόριλλαι","root_meaning":"a tribe of hairy women","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"5th century BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gorilla","meaning":"large ape","children":[{"era":"1847","word":"Gorilla","meaning":"genus name","children":[{"era":"c. 500 BCE","word":"Γόριλλαι (Gorillai)","meaning":"a tribe of hairy women","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gorilloid","gorilla-like","gorilline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"simian","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"34cca032-3689-41b0-bae3-4685bd2b3a41","word":"gosh","definition":"An exclamation of surprise or to express mild emphasis, a euphemism for 'God.'","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"God","root_meaning":"supreme being","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gudaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gosh","meaning":"euphemism for God","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"God","meaning":"supreme being","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gudaz","meaning":"divine being","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["god","goodness","egads","golly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"golly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"goodness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wow","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"d6566479-bbde-4f91-9039-12fb522fa7ec","word":"gossip","definition":"Casual or unconstrained conversation or reports about other people, typically involving details that are not confirmed as being true.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"godsibb","root_meaning":"godparent, sponsor at baptism","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gud-sibjaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gossip","meaning":"idle talk about others","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gossipp","meaning":"godparent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"godsibb","meaning":"godparent","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*gud-sibjaz","meaning":"god-relative","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sibling","sib","godparent","sibship","kinsfolk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rumor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hearsay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tittle-tattle","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chatter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"ebaa11dd-92ea-47d4-9d0e-9f8ba95a335a","word":"got","definition":"Past tense of get; obtained or acquired something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"get","root_meaning":"to obtain, acquire, receive","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*gat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"got","meaning":"obtained or acquired","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"get","meaning":"to obtain, acquire","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"geta","meaning":"to obtain, receive, gain","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["get","getting","gets","gotten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acquired","formality":"formal"},{"word":"received","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"7eb406b5-807b-46bf-8e5c-4e74992db172","word":"gotcha","definition":"An informal exclamation used to indicate that one has caught or understood someone or something.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"got you","root_meaning":"caught you","root_language":"English","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gotcha","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"colloquial","word":"got you","meaning":"caught you","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["catch","got","you","caught"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aha","formality":"informal"},{"word":"understood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"busted","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"73af5dc6-9fcd-422c-b7b8-04cec7f69c59","word":"goto","definition":"An instruction in programming languages causing an unconditional jump to a specified statement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"go, to","root_meaning":"to move, towards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"goto","meaning":"Unconditional jump instruction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"go","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to","meaning":"towards","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","going","went","gone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jump","formality":"technical"},{"word":"transfer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"branch","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"0c1de0dd-669f-4e1c-a18d-dab43d9aa397","word":"gotta","definition":"Informal contraction of 'got to' or 'have got to', expressing obligation or necessity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"geta","root_meaning":"to get, to obtain","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ghend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gotta","meaning":"have got to / must (informal contraction)","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"got to","meaning":"must, have an obligation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gotten / got","meaning":"past participle of get","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"geta","meaning":"to get, obtain, beget","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["get","got","gotten","have to","must"],"synonyms":[{"word":"must","formality":"formal"},{"word":"have to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"need to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"cacab264-0ff6-42c0-8698-3d49396fb9d9","word":"gourmet","definition":"A connoisseur of fine food and drink.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gourmet","root_meaning":"wine taster's assistant","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th C.","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gourmet","meaning":"a connoisseur of fine food and drink","children":[{"era":"18th C.","word":"gourmet","meaning":"wine taster, epicure","children":[{"era":"13th C.","word":"gourmet","meaning":"wine broker, wine merchant's assistant","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gourmand","gourmetize","gastronomy","epicure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"epicure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"foodie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"connoisseur","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"35f6e24e-a67d-4f32-bbdd-b36668d0d29c","word":"govern","definition":"To conduct the policy, actions, and affairs of a state, organization, or people.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"gobernar","language_family":"latin","root":"gubernare","root_meaning":"to steer, to pilot, to guide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gwelh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"govern","meaning":"to rule","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"governer","meaning":"to direct, to rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gubernare","meaning":"to steer, to pilot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kybernan","meaning":"to steer, to pilot","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["government","governor","governance","gubernatorial","cybernate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"82f2b64d-b6f4-42e8-a4d4-c0a6fe895ac2","word":"governance","definition":"The action or manner of governing a state, organization, or people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gobernanza","language_family":"french","root":"governer","root_meaning":"to rule, direct","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"governance","meaning":"act of governing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"governance","meaning":"governing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"governer","meaning":"to steer, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["govern","governor","government","governing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"management","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"cfeeb882-8058-489b-b55d-1f74efa0c8ca","word":"government","definition":"The group of people with the authority to govern a country or state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gobierno","language_family":"french","root":"gubernare","root_meaning":"to steer a ship, to govern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*kuberne-","etymology_tree":{"era":"500s BCE","word":"kybernetes","meaning":"Steersman, pilot.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"gubernare","meaning":"To steer, to govern.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"governement","meaning":"Rule, administration.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"government","meaning":"Ruling authority.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"gobierno","meaning":"Government.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["governor","govern","governance","cybernetics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authority","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"11878400-3c8d-450b-907c-1b0dd2ae86ab","word":"governmental","definition":"Relating to a government.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gubernamental","language_family":"latin","root":"gubernare","root_meaning":"to steer, to govern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"governmental","meaning":"relating to a government","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"government","meaning":"the system by which a state or community is governed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gouvernement","meaning":"government, control","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gubernare","meaning":"to steer, to govern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kybernan","meaning":"to steer, to guide","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["govern","government","governor","gubernatorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"public","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"5d7a2e51-ec80-4578-94d4-b16d150ec843","word":"governor","definition":"The elected chief executive of a state of the US or of a commonwealth or territory.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gobernador","language_family":"latin","root":"gubernare","root_meaning":"to steer, to rule","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷe(h₁)-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"governor","meaning":"chief executive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"governeour","meaning":"governor, ruler","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gubernator","meaning":"pilot, steersman, ruler","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gubernare","meaning":"to steer, to rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kybernán","meaning":"to steer, to guide","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["govern","government","gubernatorial","cybernetics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administrator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"executive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"70d90f8d-6d48-4137-8001-d01589f70d68","word":"gown","definition":"A long, usually formal dress, typically worn by women, or a loose robe worn by a professional.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"goune","root_meaning":"a kind of garment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gown","meaning":"A long, formal dress or robe.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"goune","meaning":"a kind of garment","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"gunna","meaning":"a fur garment","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gonfalon","gunny","gunwale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attire","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"3e94c52e-0a28-4d34-8087-6700ddd6b41c","word":"gps","definition":"Global Positioning System, a satellite-based navigation system that determines precise location anywhere on Earth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"GPS","meaning":"satellite positioning technology","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Global","meaning":"relating to the whole world","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"Positioning","meaning":"act of placing in a position","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"System","meaning":"organized set of procedures","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["global","position","system","navigation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"satellite navigation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"positioning system","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"2a3ea008-0b53-46e7-bf35-796ee46dd88d","word":"grab","definition":"To seize suddenly and roughly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grabben","root_meaning":"to grasp, seize","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grab","meaning":"to seize suddenly and roughly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grabben","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grasp","grapple","grabby","grabber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snatch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clutch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"acd6c8c7-90a9-4e56-b5c1-ead632a3f983","word":"grace","definition":"Elegance and beauty of movement; the unmerited favor of God toward humanity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gracia","language_family":"french","root":"gratia","root_meaning":"favor, goodwill, beauty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":"*gwere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*gwere-","meaning":"To favor.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"gratus","meaning":"Pleasing, beloved, thankful.","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"gratia","meaning":"Favor, goodwill, elegance.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"grace","meaning":"God's favor; elegance.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grace","meaning":"Divine favor; elegant movement.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"gracia","meaning":"Grace, charm, thanks.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},"related_words":["graceful","gracious","gratitude","congratulate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elegance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"poise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"a029a337-eb39-462d-9931-b6a3b250fb48","word":"graceful","definition":"Graceful means marked by elegance, ease, and pleasing beauty of movement or form.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gracia","language_family":"latin","root":"gratia","root_meaning":"favor, thanks","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graceful","meaning":"showing grace or elegance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grace","meaning":"favor, elegance, divine blessing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratia","meaning":"favor, thanks","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grace","gracefully","graceless","gracious","gracefulness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elegant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poised","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graceful-looking","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"21cc9aaf-7e05-43e0-970c-5e6f31a2d6a0","word":"gracious","definition":"Courteous, kind, and pleasant.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gracioso","language_family":"latin","root":"gratia","root_meaning":"favor, grace, thanks","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gwere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gracious","meaning":"Courteous, kind, and pleasant.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gracious","meaning":"pleasing, agreeable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratiosus","meaning":"agreeable, grateful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratia","meaning":"favor, grace, thanks","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*gwere-","meaning":"to praise, to favor","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grace","grateful","gratitude","congratulate","ingrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courteous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benevolent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"67e29f18-cd23-44cc-a25c-4dac692abcf9","word":"grade","definition":"A level of rank, quality, or proficiency; or a division of a school system by age or year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grado","language_family":"latin","root":"gradus","root_meaning":"a step, degree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grade","meaning":"level, rank, or school division","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"grade","meaning":"degree, step","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gradus","meaning":"a step, degree","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gradient","gradual","degrade","upgrade","graded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"score","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"bc72f24a-de38-4a91-b25c-62de827725cf","word":"graduate","definition":"A person who has successfully completed a course of study or training at a school or university.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"graduado","language_family":"latin","root":"gradus","root_meaning":"a step, degree, rank","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghredh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graduate","meaning":"person who has completed a course of study","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"graduate","meaning":"one who holds a degree","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"graduatus","meaning":"having received a degree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gradus","meaning":"a step, degree, rank","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["graduation","grade","gradual","gradient","degrade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alumnus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"degree holder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholar","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"e1c14d7d-39de-4dea-977a-fdbf5bf93eb4","word":"graduation","definition":"The act of receiving an academic degree or diploma.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"graduación","language_family":"latin","root":"gradus","root_meaning":"step, degree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰredʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graduation","meaning":"the act of receiving an academic degree or diploma","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"graduatio","meaning":"the act of graduating (in degrees)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gradus","meaning":"step, degree","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["graduate","grade","gradual","degree"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commencement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convocation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"completion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"f065930f-bc3b-4259-96a5-99da1da002fc","word":"graham","definition":"A common surname of Scottish origin, also referring to a type of flour or cracker.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Grægham","root_meaning":"grey homestead","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graham","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Grægham","meaning":"place name (grey homestead)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Graeme","Grahame"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"8b7e5cad-c3a5-4283-8958-3e81932a987c","word":"grail","definition":"Grail means the legendary sacred cup or vessel associated with the Holy Grail.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grial","language_family":"french","root":"gradalis","root_meaning":"dish, platter, or vessel","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grail","meaning":"the legendary sacred cup or vessel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Medieval Latin gradalis","meaning":"a dish or platter","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French graal / greal","meaning":"a dish, bowl, or sacred vessel","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grail","Holy Grail","grial","grailler","grail-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chalice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vessel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"7bd9a283-ce67-46e8-aabb-b0542e009b9d","word":"grain","definition":"A single small hard seed of a cereal plant, especially wheat, corn, oats, or rice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grano","language_family":"latin","root":"grānum","root_meaning":"seed, kernel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵr̥h₂nóm","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grain","meaning":"seed of cereal plant","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"grein","meaning":"grain, seed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grānum","meaning":"seed, kernel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["granule","granite","granular","engrain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kernel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"particle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"6ca8820b-1158-496b-afde-29d939bb18c3","word":"gram","definition":"A metric unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a kilogram.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gramo","language_family":"greek","root":"grámma","root_meaning":"a small weight, a letter","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gram","meaning":"unit of mass","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"gramma","meaning":"small weight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grámma","meaning":"a small weight, a letter","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kilogram","gramophone","telegram","grammar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mass","formality":"technical"},{"word":"weight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"b959b1a7-c23c-4f05-be36-7daacad90c34","word":"grammar","definition":"The whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology without phonology and semantics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gramática","language_family":"greek","root":"grammatikē technē","root_meaning":"art of letters","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grammar","meaning":"language structure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grammaire","meaning":"learning, Latin grammar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grammatica","meaning":"philology, grammar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grammatikē technē","meaning":"art of letters","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gramma","meaning":"letter, drawing","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grammatical","diagram","telegram","epigram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"syntax","formality":"technical"},{"word":"linguistics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"688add01-a0aa-4742-9c15-29c665765ed4","word":"gran","definition":"An informal term used as an abbreviation for grandmother.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grand","root_meaning":"large, great","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*grandis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gran","meaning":"An informal abbreviation for grandmother.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"grandmother","meaning":"mother of one's parent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grand-","meaning":"large, great","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grandis","meaning":"large, great","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mother","meaning":"female parent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*māter","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*méh₂tēr","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grand","granny","grandfather","grandma"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grandma","formality":"informal"},{"word":"grandmother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nana","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"d98b6112-bbb2-482f-9ad6-321a6f072bb2","word":"grand","definition":"Of impressive or strikingly large size or extent; magnificent or noble.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"grande","language_family":"latin","root":"grandis","root_meaning":"large, great","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*grendh- (PIE for swell, grow)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grand","meaning":"impressive, large, magnificent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grand","meaning":"large, great in size","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grandis","meaning":"large, great","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grandeur","grandly","grandfather","grandstand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnificent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impressive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splendid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"c52fdb3b-87ff-4b05-9067-8f74601f6a0c","word":"grande","definition":"Large or great, often used to indicate a large size, especially for beverages.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"grande","language_family":"latin","root":"grandis","root_meaning":"great, large","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷreh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grande","meaning":"large, great","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"grande","meaning":"large","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grandis","meaning":"great, large","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian/Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grand","grandiose","grandeur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"large","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"great","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"big","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"e3f2f674-7802-4145-8b73-266a560ee7e1","word":"grandpa","definition":"An informal term for a grandfather.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grand + pa","root_meaning":"large/great + father (child's word)","root_language":"Old French + English","root_era":"1200s + 1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grandpa","meaning":"informal term for grandfather","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"grand","meaning":"large, great","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grand","meaning":"large, great","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English (from Old French)"},{"era":"1800s","word":"pa","meaning":"familiar shortening of papa","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"papa","meaning":"father (child's word)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grandmother","grandchild","parent","father","daddy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grandfather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gramps","formality":"informal"},{"word":"elder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"fd54396c-1acc-4c81-98c2-30abf7bb4370","word":"grandparent","definition":"A parent of one's parent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grand (French) + parent (Latin)","root_meaning":"large, great + to bring forth","root_language":"Old French, Latin","root_era":"1200s, classical","proto_root":"*ghrendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grandparent","meaning":"parent's parent","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"grand","meaning":"large, great","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"grandis","meaning":"large, great","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"13th C","word":"parent","meaning":"parent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parentem","meaning":"to bring forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grandmother","grandfather","grandchild","parental","parentage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forebear","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"c0c9a0e5-1558-468a-a888-5adab42a4dde","word":"grant","definition":"To give or allow something willingly or formally.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"otorgante","language_family":"french","root":"granter","root_meaning":"to concede, agree","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grant","meaning":"to give or allow formally","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"granter","meaning":"to concede, agree","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"creanter","meaning":"to promise, agree","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["granted","granting","grantor","grantee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"give","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bestow","formality":"formal"},{"word":"award","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concede","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"bf5ca124-f644-421f-a9a4-47541f421a26","word":"grape","definition":"A berry, typically green, purple, red, or black, growing in clusters on a vine, eaten as fruit, or used in making wine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grappe","root_meaning":"hook, cluster","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*krep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grape","meaning":"a berry growing in clusters","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grappe","meaning":"bunch, cluster (of grapes), hook","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*krappa","meaning":"hook, claw","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["grasp","grapple","cramp","crop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"berry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cluster","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"a525ef10-52fa-424c-8564-107427f39bc8","word":"graph","definition":"A diagram showing the relationship between variable quantities, typically of two variables, each measured along one of a pair of axes at right angles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gráfico","language_family":"greek","root":"graphein","root_meaning":"to write, draw","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gerbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graph","meaning":"diagram","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-graph","meaning":"something written or drawn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"graphein","meaning":"to write, draw","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["graphic","telegram","autograph","calligraphy","photography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diagram","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plot","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"9515fa58-28c6-4bac-ba46-8ffc0b4a9596","word":"graphic","definition":"Relating to visual representation, writing, or vivid and detailed description.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gráfico","language_family":"greek","root":"graphia","root_meaning":"writing, drawing, or representation","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gerbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graphic","meaning":"relating to visual or written representation","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"graphick","meaning":"relating to writing or drawing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"graphikos","meaning":"of or relating to writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"graphein","meaning":"to write or draw","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["graph","graphics","graphite","photograph","biography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vivid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pictorial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"illustrative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"explicit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"cd713d60-8966-44c4-bd06-60dd61ffc10c","word":"graphics","definition":"Visual images, designs, or diagrams used to represent information or artistic expression.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gráficos","language_family":"greek","root":"graphikos","root_meaning":"relating to writing or drawing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gerbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graphics","meaning":"visual images and designs","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"graphic","meaning":"relating to writing or drawing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"graphikos","meaning":"of or for writing/drawing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"graphein","meaning":"to write, to draw","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["graphic","graph","photograph","graphite","graphology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"images","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illustrations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"visuals","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"36f1afe4-f1e1-4b07-90a2-1571edd85d60","word":"grasp","definition":"To seize and hold firmly; a firm hold or understanding.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grapsian","root_meaning":"to seize, to snatch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*greb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grasp","meaning":"To seize and hold firmly; a firm hold or understanding.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"graspen","meaning":"to seize, grapple","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grapsian","meaning":"to seize, to snatch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gripping","grapple","grab","grip","grasping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clutch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprehend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"c413d5d1-06c1-4bda-b738-956f103d78cd","word":"grateful","definition":"Feeling or showing an appreciation of kindness; thankful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"grato","language_family":"latin","root":"gratus","root_meaning":"pleasing, thankful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷerH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grateful","meaning":"feeling thankful","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"grate","meaning":"pleasing, agreeable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratus","meaning":"pleasing, thankful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gratitude","gratify","ingrate","grace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thankful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appreciative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indebted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"2fca96d7-a906-4ce6-be56-efb3a7fa42be","word":"gratis","definition":"Without charge or payment; for free.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"gratis","language_family":"latin","root":"gratis","root_meaning":"free, freely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gratis","meaning":"without charge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratis","meaning":"free, freely","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grace","gracious","gratuitous","gratify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complimentary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"at no cost","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"e5e685b1-bce3-42d5-aa08-6945f188fcf5","word":"gratitude","definition":"The quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gratitud","language_family":"latin","root":"gratitudo","root_meaning":"thankfulness","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gwere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gratitude","meaning":"The quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratitudo","meaning":"thankfulness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratus","meaning":"pleasing, thankful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grateful","grace","gratuity","ingrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thankfulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appreciation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indebtedness","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"f293e6ef-3688-436e-8562-5dbccf2ec805","word":"grave","definition":"Very serious or solemn in manner or appearance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"grave","language_family":"french","root":"gravis","root_meaning":"heavy, weighty, serious","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grave","meaning":"serious","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grave","meaning":"heavy, serious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravis","meaning":"heavy, weighty, serious","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gravity","grieve","aggrieve","gravitate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"serious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solemn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weighty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"960f9756-532b-4204-bf7f-8e9466f81155","word":"gravel","definition":"Gravel is a mass of small loose stones or pebbles used to cover paths, roads, or driveways.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grave","root_meaning":"gravel, coarse sand","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gravel","meaning":"small loose stones or pebbles","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gravele","meaning":"gravel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grave","meaning":"coarse sand; gravel; shoal","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gravelly","graveling","gravelling","gravelled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shingle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pebbles","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"71e01a39-65c3-482e-9d1f-b7526da523c9","word":"graveyard","definition":"A burial ground, especially one beside a church.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"græf","root_meaning":"ditch, grave","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghrebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"graveyard","meaning":"burial ground","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grave","meaning":"grave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"græf","meaning":"ditch, trench, grave","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"yard","meaning":"enclosed ground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geard","meaning":"enclosure, court","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grave","yard","garden","girth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cemetery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burial ground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necropolis","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"a280f240-1cd8-4e95-9fcf-a93433215d9e","word":"gravitational","definition":"Relating to gravity or the force of attraction between masses.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gravitacional","language_family":"latin","root":"gravis","root_meaning":"heavy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gravitational","meaning":"relating to gravity or the force of attraction between masses","children":[{"era":"current","word":"gravity","meaning":"the force of attraction between masses","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravitas","meaning":"weight; seriousness; dignity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravis","meaning":"heavy; weighty; serious","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gravity","gravitate","gravitation","gravitationally","gravitic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gravitic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gravitative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gravity-related","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"e49431c6-135e-459d-8a43-41ed12b9275b","word":"gravity","definition":"The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gravedad","language_family":"latin","root":"gravis","root_meaning":"heavy, weighty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gravity","meaning":"force of attraction","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gravité","meaning":"weight, seriousness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravitas","meaning":"weight, seriousness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravis","meaning":"heavy, weighty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grave","grief","gravid","aggravate","guru"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heaviness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seriousness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"e0ab780d-f33a-4755-b2f8-6cc6f7eff03b","word":"gravy","definition":"A sauce made from the juices of cooked meat, often thickened with flour or cornstarch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gravé","root_meaning":"sauce made from meat juices","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gravy","meaning":"meat sauce","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gravé","meaning":"sauce","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sauce","jus","gravied"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sauce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"broth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"6f8c1a1e-8106-463b-a134-bfdeb0eb97cd","word":"gray","definition":"Of a color intermediate between black and white, as of ash or lead.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grǣg","root_meaning":"gray","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*greH₁g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gray","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grǣg","meaning":"gray","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grēgaz","meaning":"gray","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grisly","grizzle","greyhound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ashy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leaden","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"748a6d8f-024c-4419-9131-cb8c5eb9b885","word":"grease","definition":"A thick, oily substance, especially as a lubricant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grasa","language_family":"latin","root":"crassus","root_meaning":"thick, fat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kras-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grease","meaning":"oily substance","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"grese","meaning":"grease","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"graisse","meaning":"fat, grease","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"crassia","meaning":"fat, thickness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crassus","meaning":"thick, fat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["greasy","unctuous","fat","lard","lubricant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lubricant","formality":"technical"},{"word":"goo","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"84f7b6b7-c734-499b-89e9-aa5c8d752c8d","word":"greasy","definition":"Covered with or resembling grease, or figuratively oily and slick in manner.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"grasa","language_family":"latin","root":"crassus","root_meaning":"thick; fat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greasy","meaning":"covered with grease; oily","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"grease + -y","meaning":"made from grease; having the quality of grease","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"grease","meaning":"animal fat, grease","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gresse / grece","meaning":"grease, fat","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"*crassia","meaning":"melted animal fat; grease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crassus","meaning":"thick; fat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English / English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grease","greasily","greasiness","greasey","greasepaint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oily","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"unctuous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"a0a8f1fe-87f9-4d50-98cd-8adfdbd94c4e","word":"great","definition":"Of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above the normal","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grēat","root_meaning":"big, thick, coarse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grautaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"great","meaning":"large in size or degree; remarkable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grēat","meaning":"big, thick, coarse","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*grautaz","meaning":"thick, coarse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["greatness","greatly","greater","greatest","great-grandmother"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnificent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"large","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awesome","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"6d4e8233-b247-4f5d-b5a4-3f592d139f5d","word":"greater","definition":"Comparative form of great; larger in size, amount, or importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English great","root_meaning":"big, large","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghre-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greater","meaning":"more great","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"great","meaning":"big, large","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*ghre-","meaning":"to grow, enlarge","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["great","greatest","greatly","greatness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"larger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bigger","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"4ef64304-ee16-4a9e-9155-ae737ec6e53c","word":"greatest","definition":"Of the highest quality, extent, or importance; superlative form of great.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"great","root_meaning":"large in size or importance","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*greu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greatest","meaning":"superlative of great","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"great","meaning":"large, important","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"greot","meaning":"large, coarse","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*greu-","meaning":"to grow, increase","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["great","greater","greatly","greatness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"best","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supreme","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"c3a4c115-a1b2-4e5b-9048-0ab9a6b50987","word":"greed","definition":"Intense and selfish desire for something, especially wealth, power, or food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grædigness","root_meaning":"greediness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grædagaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greed","meaning":"intense desire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grædigness","meaning":"greediness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grædig","meaning":"greedy","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*grædagaz","meaning":"greedy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["greedy","greedily","overgreed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"avarice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"covetousness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rapacity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"d89543cc-ab2d-4ab2-a282-4843a5a7e809","word":"greedy","definition":"Having an excessive desire for wealth or possessions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grædig","root_meaning":"greedy, rapacious","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grēdagaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greedy","meaning":"Having an excessive desire for wealth or possessions.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grædig","meaning":"greedy, rapacious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*grēdagaz","meaning":"greedy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["greed","grædigness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"avaricious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"covetous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rapacious","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"ade3f66e-b59b-49f2-a471-a7510acc863d","word":"greek","definition":"Relating to Greece, its people, language, or culture; the language spoken in Greece.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"griego","language_family":"greek","root":"Graikos","root_meaning":"Greek","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Greek","meaning":"relating to Greece or its language","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Greekish","meaning":"relating to Greece","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Grecus","meaning":"Greek person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Graikos","meaning":"Greek","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Greece","Greeks","Greek-speaking","Hellenic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hellenic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Greek-speaking","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"19e7651e-e5ac-4d4e-a49a-2a3ece4f5de5","word":"green","definition":"The color between blue and yellow in the spectrum; relating to environmental protection.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"verde","language_family":"germanic","root":"grēne","root_meaning":"green, growing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ghre-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"green","meaning":"The color of grass.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"grēne","meaning":"Green, the color of growing plants.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*ghre-","meaning":"To grow.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["greenhouse","evergreen","greenery","grass","grow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emerald","formality":"formal"},{"word":"verdant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"eco-friendly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"b2dcf60b-50da-4f9d-bc1c-657849fb65b7","word":"greenhouse","definition":"A building, usually made of glass, used for cultivating plants that require warmth and protection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grene hus","root_meaning":"green house","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greenhouse","meaning":"A building, usually made of glass, used for cultivating plants that require warmth and protection.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"greenhouse","meaning":"a house for green plants","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"green","meaning":"green, verdant","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"house","meaning":"dwelling, building","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["green","house","glasshouse","hothouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conservatory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hothouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glasshouse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"cd6582af-357b-41e7-bb5a-7d606cbd1b8f","word":"greet","definition":"To address someone with a salutation or welcome upon meeting them.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grētan","root_meaning":"to approach, to hail, to lament","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grētaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greet","meaning":"to welcome","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grētan","meaning":"to approach, to hail, to lament","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*grētaną","meaning":"to lament, to cry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["greeting","congratulate","gratitude","ingratiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"welcome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"0d24bf15-c105-4f47-8fec-be1508fce7d8","word":"greeting","definition":"A polite word or sign of welcome or recognition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grētan","root_meaning":"to approach, salute, welcome","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grētan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"greeting","meaning":"a word of welcome","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"greeting","meaning":"salutation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grēting","meaning":"salutation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grētan","meaning":"to approach, salute, welcome","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*grētan","meaning":"to greet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["greet","greeted","salute","welcome","hail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"salutation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"welcome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hello","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"487df522-91db-470e-9357-3b1326b6fd4b","word":"gregor","definition":"A masculine given name and surname derived from a Greek word meaning watchful or awake.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Gregorio","language_family":"greek","root":"γρηγορεῖν","root_meaning":"to be awake; to watch","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Gregor","meaning":"a masculine given name and surname","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Gregorius","meaning":"Latin form of the name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Γρηγόριος (Grēgorios)","meaning":"watchful; alert","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"γρηγορεῖν (grēgorein)","meaning":"to be awake; to watch","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Gregory","Gregorian","Gregorio","Grigory","Grego"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Gregory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Gregorio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Grigory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"1044bb81-edc1-4227-a417-18a3d1790dca","word":"grenade","definition":"A small bomb thrown by hand or projected from a rifle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"granada","language_family":"french","root":"grenade","root_meaning":"pomegranate (due to its shape)","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grenade","meaning":"A small bomb thrown by hand or projected from a rifle.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"grenade","meaning":"pomegranate","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["granada","granular","grain","garner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bomb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explosive","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"9c35a477-dbc6-40f6-817d-84ee250f92cd","word":"grey","definition":"Of a color intermediate between black and white, as of ash or lead.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"gris","language_family":"germanic","root":"grāwaz","root_meaning":"grey","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵʰreh₁-w-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grey","meaning":"color between black and white","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grǣg","meaning":"grey","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grāwaz","meaning":"grey","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gray","grizzly","grizzle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silvery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dull","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"955e2939-f045-40be-a323-ae29baf5b643","word":"grid","definition":"A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"greille","root_meaning":"grate, grill","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"craticula","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"grid","meaning":"framework of bars or lines","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gridiron","meaning":"a griddle for cooking over fire","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gredille","meaning":"small gridiron","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"greille","meaning":"grate, grill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"craticula","meaning":"small griddle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gridiron","grill","grate","lattice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"network","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mesh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pattern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"b5ab661f-5e9e-4def-8776-bb34e22a3083","word":"grief","definition":"Intense sorrow, especially caused by someone's death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grever","root_meaning":"to burden, oppress","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*grav-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grief","meaning":"Intense sorrow.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"grief","meaning":"Sorrow, distress.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grief","meaning":"heavy, serious, painful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravis","meaning":"heavy, serious","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grievous","aggravate","grave","gravity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sorrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woe","formality":"literary"},{"word":"anguish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heartbreak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"46734e80-bbe9-479a-a601-c716c4daf268","word":"grieve","definition":"To feel deep sorrow, especially because of a loss.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"grave","language_family":"latin","root":"gravis","root_meaning":"heavy, burdensome","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grieve","meaning":"to feel deep sorrow","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"greven","meaning":"to trouble, afflict, or sorrow over","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"grever","meaning":"to burden, trouble, or hurt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravare","meaning":"to weigh down, burden, or make serious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gravis","meaning":"heavy, serious, burdensome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grief","grievance","grievous","aggrieve","grievably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mourn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lament","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sorrow","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"927976cd-4642-4f35-b9f4-85234ee756ad","word":"griffin","definition":"A mythical beast with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grifo","language_family":"greek","root":"γρύψ (gryps)","root_meaning":"griffin","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"griffin","meaning":"mythical beast","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"griffoun","meaning":"griffin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gryphus","meaning":"griffin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"γρύψ (gryps)","meaning":"griffin","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gryphon","hippogriff","gryphon-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chimera","formality":"literary"},{"word":"monster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"bdb00ba3-813a-44e3-a8cd-4481886408e0","word":"grill","definition":"A metal frame with bars, used for cooking food over an open fire or gas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"gril","root_meaning":"grill, grating","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grill","meaning":"cooking apparatus","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gril","meaning":"grill, gridiron","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"craticula","meaning":"small gridiron, wickerwork","children":[],"language":"Latin (diminutive)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grille","griddle","grate","broil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"barbecue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broiler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"c1aacc8f-5b09-4208-90c9-c6e056e28870","word":"grim","definition":"Forbidding or uninviting in appearance; stern or unyielding.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grimm","root_meaning":"fierce, cruel, savage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grimmaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grim","meaning":"forbidding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grimm","meaning":"fierce","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*grimmaz","meaning":"fierce, terrible","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grimace","grimly","grimy","grumble","grimness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"somber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"austere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harsh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"1d6c9b56-2823-4dc9-9e0a-06f7c96e1621","word":"grind","definition":"To reduce something to small particles or powder by crushing it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grindan","root_meaning":"to rub together, crush","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghrendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grind","meaning":"to crush into powder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grindan","meaning":"to rub together, grind","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"grinda","meaning":"to grind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grinder","ground","grist","grit","grindstone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mill","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pulverize","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"ff6b4678-9750-4e88-8d71-285d1401b0d7","word":"grinder","definition":"A machine or person that grinds, crushes, or sharpens something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grindaną","root_meaning":"to grind, crush","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghrendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grinder","meaning":"one that grinds; a grinding machine or person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grind + -er","meaning":"agent noun formed from grind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grind","meaning":"to crush or reduce to powder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *grindaną","meaning":"to grind, crush","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *ghrendh-","meaning":"to crush or grind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grind","grinding","ground","grindstone","grist","grinder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mill","formality":"technical"},{"word":"crusher","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shredder","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"7bf9c24a-d93d-4be2-8325-64ac7f88d7b0","word":"grip","definition":"A firm hold or grasp.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gripan","root_meaning":"to seize","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghreib-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grip","meaning":"A firm hold or grasp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gripa","meaning":"to seize","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*ghreib-","meaning":"to seize, grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic/PIE"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grapple","grasp","grab"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clutch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"5d2b411f-7c78-44a7-9bd5-65ac4d168d02","word":"grizzly","definition":"Grizzly means grayish or streaked with gray, and by extension names a large North American bear.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gris","root_meaning":"gray","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grizzly","meaning":"grayish; streaked with gray","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"grizzle","meaning":"gray-colored","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grisel","meaning":"gray; gray-haired","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gris","meaning":"gray","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grizzle","grizzled","grisly","gray","griseous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gray-haired","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoary","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"3dcb8087-555d-4516-95b9-f0862f88286a","word":"groan","definition":"To make a deep, inarticulate sound in response to pain, despair, or disapproval.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"granian","root_meaning":"to mourn, complain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghreh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"groan","meaning":"To make a deep, inarticulate sound in response to pain, despair, or disapproval.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"granian","meaning":"to mourn, complain","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*ghreh₁-","meaning":"to growl, grumble","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grunt","grumble","growl","grief"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lament","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sigh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"7d5a19f0-6700-4e43-bc43-52177e79f786","word":"grocery","definition":"A store selling food and general household items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grossier","root_meaning":"wholesaler, dealer in gross","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grocery","meaning":"food store","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"grosserie","meaning":"trade of a grocer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grossier","meaning":"a wholesaler or dealer in gross","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gross","grocer","engross","grossly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supermarket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"market","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"2d5e6671-2f0a-4db9-90fe-3890ce05ccbf","word":"groom","definition":"A man who is about to be married or has recently been married.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grom","root_meaning":"boy, servant","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"groom","meaning":"man about to be married","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"grom","meaning":"boy, servant","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bridegroom","stableman","horseman","squire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"husband-to-be","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiancé","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"newlywed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spouse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"d17e6599-78a2-4097-b054-cc7ceb3bfc77","word":"groot","definition":"A Dutch-derived name or word meaning big or great.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"groot","root_meaning":"big; large; great","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"groot","meaning":"a Dutch-derived name or word meaning big or great","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"groot","meaning":"big; large; great","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["great","greater","greatly","greatness","grander"],"synonyms":[{"word":"big","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"large","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"great","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"f670d01e-d109-44ad-8a8c-c011c633642d","word":"groove","definition":"A long, narrow cut or depression in a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"groef","root_meaning":"ditch, trench, pit","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"groove","meaning":"A long, narrow cut or depression in a surface.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"groove","meaning":"a furrow, channel","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"groef","meaning":"ditch, trench, pit","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["groove (verb)","groover","groovy","engrave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"furrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indentation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"d5a5ad9f-1af9-4872-9547-4b80734ddba0","word":"groovy","definition":"Groovy means very stylish, appealing, or excellent, especially in informal slang.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"groef","root_meaning":"groove, furrow","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"groovy","meaning":"stylish, excellent, or appealing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"groove","meaning":"a long narrow cut or channel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"groef","meaning":"groove, furrow","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"having the quality of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["groove","grooviness","groover","grooved","grooving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cool","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hip","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stylish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"ec162b50-4d2c-4f02-acc3-63177b6c8693","word":"ground","definition":"The solid surface of the earth; a basis or reason.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suelo","language_family":"germanic","root":"grund","root_meaning":"bottom, foundation","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ghrundu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"ground","meaning":"The earth's surface; a foundation.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"grund","meaning":"Ground, bottom, abyss.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*ghrundu-","meaning":"Bottom, ground.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["underground","groundwork","background","playground"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foundation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"4496deca-ee5c-4596-bfa9-40e51e1e5a43","word":"groundwater","definition":"Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grund, wæter","root_meaning":"ground, water","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"groundwater","meaning":"water held underground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ground","meaning":"ground, earth","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"water","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ground","watery","underground","water table","land"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subterranean water","formality":"technical"},{"word":"aquifer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"artesian water","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"bf03aede-b635-414b-b47f-cb6eea4f5747","word":"group","definition":"A collection of people or things gathered or classified together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grupo","language_family":"french","root":"groppo","root_meaning":"cluster, knot","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"group","meaning":"assembled collection","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"groupe","meaning":"cluster, assembly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"groppo","meaning":"knot, cluster","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grouping","grouped","groups","grouper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cluster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bunch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"f03f70d4-bd72-435f-aa08-03fdfc33f496","word":"groups","definition":"Collections of people, things, or entities gathered or classed together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grupos","language_family":"other","root":"gruppo","root_meaning":"cluster, knot","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"groups","meaning":"collections of entities","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"group","meaning":"cluster, assembly","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"groupe","meaning":"group, troop","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"gruppo","meaning":"cluster, knot","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["group","grouping","grouped","grouper","subgroup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemblies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clusters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sets","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"da30a84e-010f-4178-8bfd-5a64c5cd8bd6","word":"grove","definition":"A small wood, orchard, or group of trees.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grāf","root_meaning":"grove, small wood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grōbō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grove","meaning":"group of trees","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grāf","meaning":"grove","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*grōbō","meaning":"trench, pit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gravel","grotto","groove","thicket"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thicket","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"6a1c2c52-1d58-465f-8f94-6d809f03e81a","word":"grow","definition":"To increase in size or amount; to develop and become larger","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grōwan","root_meaning":"to grow, flourish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*grōan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grow","meaning":"to increase in size; to develop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grōwan","meaning":"to grow, flourish, thrive","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*grōan-","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["growth","grew","grown","growing","outgrow","overgrow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expand","formality":"formal"},{"word":"increase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"develop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"03385e4d-70e9-4c68-a881-393207a96fa8","word":"growing","definition":"The process of increasing in size, number, or intensity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"creciendo","language_family":"germanic","root":"growan","root_meaning":"to grow or increase","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghreuh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"growing","meaning":"present participle of grow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grow","meaning":"to increase or develop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"growan","meaning":"to increase","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grow","grown","growth","grower","regrow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"increasing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expanding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"developing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enlarging","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"0f6a6083-6426-4602-a6e1-7fb7c2c4161c","word":"growl","definition":"(of an animal, especially a dog) make a low guttural sound of hostility in the throat.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"growlen","root_meaning":"to rumble, complain","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"growl","meaning":"make a guttural sound","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"growlen","meaning":"to rumble","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grumble","grawlix","growler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snarl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grumble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"13601fd3-94b0-4af3-92fc-6c58a22e10d6","word":"growth","definition":"The process of increasing in size, development, or progress.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"growan","root_meaning":"to grow, to increase","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"growth","meaning":"process of increasing in size or development","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"growth","meaning":"the act of growing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"growen","meaning":"to grow, increase, develop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gro-","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grow","grower","growing","grown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"development","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expansion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"increase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"progress","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"1479b6fd-ea53-4d92-9d91-e6e092b1c9f4","word":"grub","definition":"To grub means to dig or root around clumsily, especially in soil or dirt.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grubben","root_meaning":"to dig, grub up","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grub","meaning":"to dig or root around clumsily, especially in soil or dirt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grubben","meaning":"to dig, grub up","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grubber","grubbing","grubbed","grubby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dig","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"root","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rummage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"adb8be11-0059-4e61-9323-91fcfdb52eae","word":"grudge","definition":"A persistent feeling of ill will or resentment resulting from a past insult or injury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"grouchier","root_meaning":"to grumble, murmur, complain","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grudge","meaning":"A persistent feeling of ill will","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"grouchier","meaning":"to grumble, murmur","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grouch","begrudge","grumble","complain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resentment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bitterness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"animosity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grievance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"6d2e8eb0-37f6-49a5-8d74-e93845de7c8c","word":"gruesome","definition":"Causing horror or disgust, especially through violence or death.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grue","root_meaning":"to shudder; feel horror","root_language":"Scots","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gruesome","meaning":"causing horror or disgust","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"grue","meaning":"to shudder, feel horror","children":[],"language":"Scots"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-some","meaning":"characterized by, tending to","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gruesomely","gruesomeness","gruesomer","gruesomest","grue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horrific","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ghastly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grisly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"17549d38-327a-4096-8a2d-6f17770660e2","word":"grumble","definition":"To complain in a low, muttering, or dissatisfied way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grumble","meaning":"to complain in a low, muttering, or dissatisfied way","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Middle English grumblen / grumelen","meaning":"to mutter, murmur, or complain","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"expressive base grum-","meaning":"rough, rumbling sound","children":[],"language":"Germanic / imitative"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grumbling","grumbler","grumbly","grumble","grump"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gripe","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"ca8d03b7-b380-4402-b163-c289eacb9c6c","word":"grumpy","definition":"Bad-tempered, irritable, or surly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grumpy","meaning":"bad-tempered or irritable","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"grump","meaning":"a surly or grumbling person","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"expressive base","meaning":"an imitative or expressive formation associated with grumbling or surliness","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grump","grumpily","grumpiness","grumpier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"irritable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"surly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cranky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"peevish","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"98a119f7-b722-4c50-a2fb-930df802f94c","word":"grunt","definition":"(of a person or animal) make a low, inarticulate sound, typically one of pain, effort, or pleasure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"grunten","root_meaning":"to grunt","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"grunt","meaning":"(of a person or animal) make a low, inarticulate sound, typically one of pain, effort, or pleasure.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"grunten","meaning":"to grunt","children":[{"era":"pre-600","word":"*grun","meaning":"sound of a pig (onomatopoeic)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["groan","snort","oink","mutter","rumble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rumble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"76c19780-845d-40a9-a1a1-112686fb7ea4","word":"guarantee","definition":"A formal promise or assurance that something will be done or is true.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"garantía","language_family":"french","root":"guarant-","root_meaning":"to warrant, pledge","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guarantee","meaning":"formal assurance or promise","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"guarantee","meaning":"pledge of security","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"guarantie","meaning":"pledge, warranty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"guarant-","meaning":"to warrant","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guarantee","guarantor","warranty","warrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warranty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"promise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assurance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"61cab00c-9917-4a7d-bde2-aa4be20ef583","word":"guaranteed","definition":"provided with a formal promise or assurance that something will be done or will happen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"garantizado","language_family":"germanic","root":"waranda","root_meaning":"to protect, defend","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*warjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guaranteed","meaning":"assured by guarantee","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"guarantee","meaning":"a formal promise","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"garant","meaning":"protector, warrantor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waranda","meaning":"to protect, defend","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guarantee","guarantor","guaranty","guaranteed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"warranted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"promised","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"9b82c81d-fa4a-4502-90c8-bb78b0dc70c2","word":"guard","definition":"To watch over and protect someone or something from danger or unauthorized access.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"guardar","language_family":"germanic","root":"wardon","root_meaning":"to watch, to ward","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*war-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guard","meaning":"to protect or watch over","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"garder","meaning":"to keep, to protect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wardon","meaning":"to watch, to ward","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*war-","meaning":"to be aware, to watch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guardian","guarded","safeguard","bodyguard","guardsman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shield","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sentinel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"78ef4791-4bfc-4e9e-ac22-68d64b6fb4c1","word":"guess","definition":"To estimate or form an opinion without sufficient information.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"geta","root_meaning":"to get, obtain","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*getanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guess","meaning":"to form an opinion without information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gesse","meaning":"to guess, suppose","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"geta","meaning":"to get, obtain","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guessing","guessed","guesser","guesswork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"estimate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suppose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presume","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conjecture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"bef36eed-f714-4d77-9b6d-f97d1fbfd03f","word":"guest","definition":"A person invited to visit someone's home or attend an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guesped","language_family":"germanic","root":"gast","root_meaning":"guest, stranger","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghostis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guest","meaning":"invited visitor","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"guest","meaning":"stranger, visitor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gast","meaning":"guest, stranger","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guise","guess","gust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visitor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"invitee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"caller","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"0137abeb-adbc-4d60-9e21-e38b88ef0c96","word":"guestbook","definition":"A book in which guests or visitors sign their names and sometimes leave comments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gæst + bōc","root_meaning":"stranger, visitor + book","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guestbook","meaning":"A book in which guests or visitors sign their names and sometimes leave comments.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"guest","meaning":"visitor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gæst","meaning":"stranger","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"book","meaning":"book","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōc","meaning":"book","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guest","book","guidebook","notebook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visitor's book","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"registry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"993065f3-bd48-4e39-a9b7-30ab295c462f","word":"guidance","definition":"The act or process of guiding.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guía","language_family":"french","root":"guider","root_meaning":"to guide, lead","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guidance","meaning":"act of guiding","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"guide + -ance","meaning":"act of guiding","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"guide","meaning":"to lead, direct","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"guider","meaning":"to guide, lead","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guide","misguide","guideline","guidebook","unguided"],"synonyms":[{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leadership","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counsel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"7f8a8ecc-3908-4ba0-b423-d72a97a3ac8e","word":"guide","definition":"A person who shows the way or gives directions; to lead or direct.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guía","language_family":"french","root":"guida","root_meaning":"to guide, lead","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guide","meaning":"one who shows the way","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"guide","meaning":"a person who leads","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"guida","meaning":"to guide or lead","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guided","guiding","guidance","guidebook","misguide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"escort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conductor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.215Z"}
{"id":"5397f638-7381-43ea-907d-2bc780e12fc5","word":"guidelines","definition":"General rules, principles, or standards to follow when making decisions or taking action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"directrices","language_family":"germanic","root":"guide + line","root_meaning":"something that guides + a mark or linear boundary","root_language":"Old English and Old French","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guidelines","meaning":"rules or principles to follow","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"guideline","meaning":"a standard or principle","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"guide","meaning":"one who leads or directs","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"line","meaning":"a mark or boundary","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guide","guideline","guided","guidance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principles","formality":"formal"},{"word":"standards","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rules","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"254720b3-07d0-42f4-9747-c38647959899","word":"guides","definition":"Persons who lead or direct others, or objects that assist in directing motion or position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guía","language_family":"germanic","root":"guide","root_meaning":"to lead or direct","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guides","meaning":"persons or objects that lead","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"guide","meaning":"one who leads or directs","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"guida","meaning":"guide, direction","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guide","guided","guiding","guidance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leaders","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"escorts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conductors","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"e36c2dd4-451b-43eb-b932-5799180d08f1","word":"guild","definition":"An association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geld","root_meaning":"payment, contribution, compensation","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*geldan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guild","meaning":"association","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gild","meaning":"payment, contribution; brotherhood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*geldą","meaning":"payment, tribute","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gild","yield","geld","gold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"association","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"society","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"union","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fraternity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"9203d5df-53de-4f77-aa2c-e3f929991a17","word":"guillotine","definition":"A device with a heavy angled blade used for execution by beheading.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guillotina","language_family":"french","root":"Guillotin","root_meaning":"the surname of Joseph-Ignace Guillotin","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guillotine","meaning":"a device with a heavy angled blade used for execution by beheading","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"guillotine","meaning":"a beheading machine","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Guillotin","meaning":"the surname of Joseph-Ignace Guillotin","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Guillaume","meaning":"a given name corresponding to William","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French surname"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guillotined","guillotining","guillotinable","guillotine-like","guillotinism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beheading machine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decapitator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"execution device","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"502b0563-ae31-401b-b867-42111e15dc6a","word":"guilt","definition":"The fact of having committed a specified or implied offense or crime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gylt","root_meaning":"payment, fine, penalty","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gildiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guilt","meaning":"the fact of having committed an offense","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gilte","meaning":"fault, sin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gylt","meaning":"payment, fine, fault","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guilty","guiltless","gild"],"synonyms":[{"word":"culpability","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remorse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"7c4692c4-246f-4e94-8ad1-9fc8682c2c05","word":"guilty","definition":"Responsible for a specified wrongdoing; justly chargeable with a crime or offense.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gylt","root_meaning":"offense, sin, debt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gulþijaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guilty","meaning":"Responsible for wrongdoing","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"gulty","meaning":"having incurred a debt, responsible for a crime","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gyltig","meaning":"guilty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gylt","meaning":"offense, sin, debt","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gulþijaz","meaning":"guilty, having incurred a debt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guilt","gilt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"culpable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"responsible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blameworthy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"7799e321-d724-4cb0-b6f3-0dd9ae4b20a7","word":"guitar","definition":"A stringed musical instrument with a fretted neck and typically six strings played with fingers or a plectrum.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guitarra","language_family":"greek","root":"kithara","root_meaning":"lyre or stringed instrument","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guitar","meaning":"stringed musical instrument","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"guitare","meaning":"stringed instrument","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"guitarra","meaning":"stringed instrument","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kithara","meaning":"lyre","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guitarist","guitaring","acoustic","electric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"axe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"six-string","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"f7284649-af70-4d10-825c-d63d009c07e0","word":"gulf","definition":"A deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land with a narrow mouth; also, a deep chasm or wide divergence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"golfo","language_family":"greek","root":"kolpos","root_meaning":"bosom, fold, bay","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gulf","meaning":"large bay; chasm","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gulf","meaning":"gullet; deep hollow","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"golfe","meaning":"gulf, whirlpool","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"golfo","meaning":"gulf","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"kólfos","meaning":"gulf, bay","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"kólpos","meaning":"bosom, lap, bay, fold","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Greek"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["engulf","gulfstream","gullet","ingest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chasm","formality":"literary"},{"word":"abyss","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"e422fc5a-c8d0-4b43-8e5b-bc178a2fbbd8","word":"gulp","definition":"To swallow something quickly and audibly, or a single noisy swallow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gulp","meaning":"to swallow quickly and noisily","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gulping","gulped","gulper","gulpy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swallow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gobble","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ingest","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"2c61b76b-4c15-4618-a1a8-51dda907654f","word":"gum","definition":"A viscous secretion from certain plants, or a sticky confectionery product.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"goma","language_family":"greek","root":"kommi","root_meaning":"gum","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gum","meaning":"A viscous secretion from certain plants, or a sticky confectionery product","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"gomme","meaning":"gum","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gummi","meaning":"gum","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kommi","meaning":"gum","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gummy","gumbo","gumdrop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masticate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"chew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"c9c26ed5-29a6-4ae0-a364-821343cfa2f1","word":"gunman","definition":"A man who carries or uses a gun, especially an armed criminal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gunman","meaning":"a man who carries or uses a gun, especially an armed criminal","children":[{"era":"current","word":"gun","meaning":"a firearm","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"man","meaning":"an adult male person","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gun","gunmen","gunner","gunshot","gunfire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shooter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gunner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assailant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"9a0778a4-1ff6-48cf-90dd-ce7f3f68874b","word":"gunner","definition":"A person who operates a gun, artillery piece, or other firearm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gun","root_meaning":"weapon; cannon","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gunner","meaning":"a person who operates a gun or artillery piece","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gun","meaning":"cannon; firearm","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gonne","meaning":"cannon","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gun","gunsmith","artilleryman","marksman","shooter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"artilleryman","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shooter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marksman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"34020286-b4c9-4d87-bd6c-56d70a8b667f","word":"gunshot","definition":"The firing of a gun or the sound produced by it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gunne + scot","root_meaning":"war engine + a shot","root_language":"Middle English + Old English","root_era":"1300s + pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwen- + *skeut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gunshot","meaning":"firing of a gun","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gun","meaning":"cannon, war engine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gunne","meaning":"catapult, war engine","children":[],"language":"Old Norse/Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shot","meaning":"a discharge, projectile","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scot","meaning":"a shooting, payment","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*skeut-","meaning":"to shoot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gun","shot","shooting","firearm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"report","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discharge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"f4729993-3dc5-44f8-b533-8c38f96747b2","word":"gurgle","definition":"to make a bubbling, liquid sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gurgle","meaning":"to make a bubbling, liquid sound","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gurgling","gurgled","gurgler","gurgly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bubble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burble","formality":"literary"},{"word":"gargle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"402cc8de-577b-4486-ba55-9cffe80b7006","word":"gurney","definition":"A wheeled stretcher or movable table used for transporting a patient or body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gurney","meaning":"a wheeled stretcher or movable table","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Gurney","meaning":"the eponymic source of the term","children":[],"language":"English surname"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Gurney","gurneys","gurneyed","gurneying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stretcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trolley","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"5a7a2804-eb22-448e-89e7-0f0a06b68230","word":"guru","definition":"A spiritual teacher or expert in a field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gurú","language_family":"other","root":"guru","root_meaning":"weighty, venerable","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"~1500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~1500 BC","word":"guru","meaning":"Heavy, weighty; revered teacher.","children":[{"era":"~500 AD","word":"guru","meaning":"Spiritual teacher.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"guru","meaning":"Spiritual guide; expert.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"gurú","meaning":"Guru.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Hindi"}],"language":"Sanskrit"},"related_words":["guruji"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teacher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"285942e3-367a-4835-8db3-191a1e266068","word":"gut","definition":"The stomach or belly; intestines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"guttas","root_meaning":"gut, entrails","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gut","meaning":"intestines","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"guttas","meaning":"entrails","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*guttas","meaning":"gut, entrails","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guts","gutted","gutting","guzzle","gush"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intestine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"entrails","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viscera","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"4b5c5a03-15d4-4204-9856-f9333413af49","word":"gutter","definition":"A shallow trough fixed beneath the edge of a roof for carrying off rainwater.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gotera","language_family":"french","root":"goutiere","root_meaning":"gutter, spouting","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gutter","meaning":"roof trough","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"goutiere","meaning":"gutter, spouting","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"goutte","meaning":"drop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gutta","meaning":"a drop","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gush","gust","droplet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"3a6d4c64-761c-4eea-898f-3eea4bd5e2e4","word":"guy","definition":"A man or boy; a person of any gender in informal contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Guido","root_meaning":"a guide or leader","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guy","meaning":"a man or person","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Guy","meaning":"proper name, then any oddly-dressed person","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Guido","meaning":"a guide or leader","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guyed","guys","guy-rope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloke","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"75d6d708-8662-4218-8466-d814a32896fe","word":"guys","definition":"Plural of guy; informal term for people, typically men, or a group of individuals of mixed genders.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"guy","root_meaning":"a man, fellow","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"guys","meaning":"informal term for people","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"guy","meaning":"a man, fellow, person","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Guy","meaning":"name, Guy Fawkes effigy","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guy","guys","gal","girls"],"synonyms":[{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"folks","formality":"informal"},{"word":"individuals","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"c5482cb6-e780-4b09-809c-41365ef4357f","word":"gym","definition":"A gymnasium, especially one for athletics or exercise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gimnasio","language_family":"greek","root":"gymnos","root_meaning":"naked","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nogʷmo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gym","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"gymnasium","meaning":"place of exercise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gymnasion","meaning":"public school for athletic exercises","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gymnasion","meaning":"public place for athletic exercises","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gymnos","meaning":"naked","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nogʷmo-","meaning":"naked","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gymnasium","gymnastics","gymnoplast","gymnosperm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fitness center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"health club","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"athletic club","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"b6c233d9-0090-4118-b0a9-366d0127cca5","word":"gymnasium","definition":"A room or building equipped for physical exercise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gimnasio","language_family":"greek","root":"gymnasion","root_meaning":"place for athletic exercise","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"gymnásion (γυμνάσιον)","meaning":"A place to train naked. From gymnos (naked), as Greeks exercised unclothed.","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"gymnasium","meaning":"A place for physical exercise.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"gimnasio","meaning":"Gymnasium, gym.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["gymnastics","gymnast","gym"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gym","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fitness center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"health club","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f5e727da-5783-452a-9f40-fd447ab6dd42","word":"gymnastics","definition":"Gymnastics is the sport or practice of exercises and feats of balance, flexibility, and strength.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gimnasia","language_family":"greek","root":"gymnos","root_meaning":"naked","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gymnastics","meaning":"the sport or practice of exercises and feats of balance, flexibility, and strength","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"gymnastic","meaning":"pertaining to athletic exercise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gymnasticus","meaning":"gymnastic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gymnastikos","meaning":"fond of or skilled in bodily exercise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gymnazein","meaning":"to exercise or train","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gymnos","meaning":"naked","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gymnast","gymnastic","gymnasium","gymnasticism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calisthenics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"acrobatics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"athletics","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"8502c0ec-4b93-4d9f-9aa1-b6224dc3cbe9","word":"gypsy","definition":"A member of a nomadic people originating in northern India and now living in many parts of the world.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gitano","language_family":"greek","root":"Aegyptius","root_meaning":"Egyptian","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"gypsy","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"gipcyan","meaning":"gipcyan","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"Egyptian","meaning":"Egyptian (misapprehension of origin)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aegyptius","meaning":"Egyptian","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aigyptios","meaning":"Egyptian","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Egyptian","Egypt","Coptic","Romani","Roma","nomad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Romani","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Roma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"traveler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"c8a3ed42-cdca-4d55-babc-f28bb904e1f7","word":"habit","definition":"A settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hábito","language_family":"latin","root":"habitus","root_meaning":"condition, appearance, dress","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"habit","meaning":"A settled or regular tendency or practice","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"habit","meaning":"clothing, dress; condition, character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habitus","meaning":"condition, appearance, dress, deportment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habere","meaning":"to have, hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["habituate","inhabit","exhibit","cohabit","inhibition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"custom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"routine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"d54eb82a-3955-46e1-bf27-e57cf8708837","word":"habitat","definition":"The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hábitat","language_family":"latin","root":"habitat","root_meaning":"it lives, it dwells","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰeh₁bʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"habitat","meaning":"natural environment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habitat","meaning":"it lives (from habitare 'to dwell')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["habit","inhabit","habitation","habitual","rehabilitate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"environment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"377e5dad-d38c-46b9-bba8-898250025b2a","word":"hack","definition":"To cut with rough, heavy blows; also, to gain unauthorized access to a system or data.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"haccian","root_meaning":"to cut to pieces","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*khakk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hack","meaning":"to cut roughly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"haccian","meaning":"to cut to pieces","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hakkōną","meaning":"to chop","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hatchet","hew","hackle","haggle","hatch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hew","formality":"literary"},{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"251d6fac-e71a-481b-afa6-5dcabbfee4fb","word":"hacker","definition":"A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data, or a skilled computer programmer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"haccian","root_meaning":"to cut into small pieces, to chop","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hakkōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hacker","meaning":"computer expert or intruder","children":[{"era":"1950s (computing sense)","word":"hack + -er","meaning":"one who hacks","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hack","meaning":"to cut roughly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"haccian","meaning":"to cut into small pieces","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hack","hatch","chopper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cracker","formality":"technical"},{"word":"programmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"c680829c-aa0e-4ba9-9ba0-5a97d5a92a71","word":"had","definition":"Past tense of have; possessed or held something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hæfde","root_meaning":"held, possessed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"had","meaning":"past tense of have","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæfde","meaning":"held, possessed","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["have","has","having","behave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possessed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"held","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"owned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"623ee5aa-d784-4898-b798-2121dd6a414c","word":"hag","definition":"A hag is an old, often ugly woman, especially one imagined as a witch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hægtesse","root_meaning":"witch, female demon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hag","meaning":"an old, often ugly woman; witch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hagge","meaning":"witch, old woman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hægtesse","meaning":"witch, female demon","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hags","haggish","hagfish","hagstone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"witch","formality":"literary"},{"word":"crone","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"beldame","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"dba6ca04-03b2-4321-866a-a149c4f1e89e","word":"hah","definition":"An exclamation expressing sudden surprise, triumph, or derision, or used to represent a laugh.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"ja","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hah","meaning":"exclamation","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["haha","hoho","heh","oh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"huh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indeed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"really","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"35249634-d34d-4c6b-9852-43d8d4c9eefb","word":"hail","definition":"Precipitation in the form of ice pellets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hæġl","root_meaning":"hail, sleet","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kagʰlos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hail","meaning":"Precipitation in the form of ice pellets.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæġl","meaning":"hail, sleet","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*haglaz","meaning":"hail","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*kagʰlos","meaning":"pebble, hailstone","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hailstone","hailstorm","hail (verb, to rain ice)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sleet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ice pellets","formality":"technical"},{"word":"graupel","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"e3dd85db-488d-4351-8fe8-82372a5e71bf","word":"hair","definition":"Any of the fine thread-like strands growing from the skin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cabello","language_family":"germanic","root":"hǣr","root_meaning":"hair","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ghars-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"hair","meaning":"Thread-like filament from the skin.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hǣr","meaning":"Hair.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*ghars-","meaning":"Hair, bristle.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["haircut","hairline","hairpin","hairy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"locks","formality":"poetic"},{"word":"tresses","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"b33aaeb3-d790-4e4c-8f15-7b0249edf3ce","word":"hairy","definition":"Covered with hair.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hær","root_meaning":"hair","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hērą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hairy","meaning":"Covered with hair.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hær","meaning":"hair","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hērą","meaning":"hair","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hair","hairpin","haircut","hairless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"furry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shaggy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bristly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"3b0fee48-a3ec-4986-af46-d979ad55ef9e","word":"hale","definition":"Of a person, especially an elderly one, strong and healthy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hāl","root_meaning":"whole, sound, healthy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hale","meaning":"strong and healthy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hāl","meaning":"whole, sound, healthy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whole","holy","health","heal","wholesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"robust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"healthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigorous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"d5fcd9b7-d067-4a46-ad9e-1c004702aecf","word":"half","definition":"Either of two equal parts that together make a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"healf","root_meaning":"half","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skelp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"half","meaning":"one of two equal parts","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"half","meaning":"half","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"healf","meaning":"half or side","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["halve","halfway","halftime","halfback"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moiety","formality":"formal"},{"word":"one-half","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.854Z"}
{"id":"cfc14bbf-ea7c-4021-91ae-bfaa972ce7b1","word":"halfway","definition":"At or to the midpoint between two places or points.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"halfweg","root_meaning":"half way","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"halfway","meaning":"at midpoint","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"halfweg","meaning":"half way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"half","meaning":"half","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weg","meaning":"way, road","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["half","way","path","midway","half-hearted","half-baked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"partially","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incompletely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"c62b22d9-02df-4e4a-b8f0-518c01af5052","word":"hall","definition":"A large room or building used for meetings, events, or as an entrance area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hæll","root_meaning":"a covered place, shelter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kela-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hall","meaning":"a large room or building for gatherings","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæll","meaning":"covered place, shelter","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*kela-","meaning":"to conceal, cover","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hall-way","hallway","haller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"room","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chamber","formality":"formal"},{"word":"auditorium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"57e32b73-9419-48e6-a4ac-19889dfc585e","word":"hallelujah","definition":"An exclamation or song of praise or adoration to God.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"הַלְלוּ יָהּ‎ (halleluya)","root_meaning":"Praise ye Yah","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hallelujah","meaning":"Praise ye the Lord!","children":[{"era":"c. 4th century","word":"hallelujah","meaning":"Praise ye the Lord!","children":[{"era":"pre-300 BCE","word":"ἀλληλούϊα (allēloúïa)","meaning":"Praise ye the Lord!","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"הַלְלוּ יָהּ (halaluyah)","meaning":"Praise ye Yah","children":[],"language":"Biblical Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alleluia","halal","Yahweh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"26ebdd62-13e3-49e2-81ea-076a87156679","word":"halloween","definition":"The evening of October 31, observed by various customs such as dressing up in costume, trick-or-treating, and carving jack-o'-lanterns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Scottish English `All-Hallow-Even`","root_meaning":"All Hallows' Eve, the evening before All Saints' Day","root_language":"Scottish English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":"*hailaz (Proto-Germanic for 'whole, uninjured, healthy') for \"hallow\"","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"halloween","meaning":"October 31 holiday","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"All-Hallow-Even","meaning":"eve of All Hallows' Day","children":[{"era":"current","word":"all","meaning":"the whole extent of","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"hallow","meaning":"saint","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"halgian","meaning":"to consecrate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"even","meaning":"evening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣfen","meaning":"evening","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Scottish English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["hallow","holiday","eve","evening","holy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"All Hallows' Eve","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Samhain","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spooky night","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"2d3dcd74-269c-40a4-91d4-ffebdb91e220","word":"hallucinate","definition":"To perceive or seem to perceive something that is not actually present.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"alucinar","language_family":"latin","root":"hallucinārī","root_meaning":"to wander in mind, rave","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hallucinate","meaning":"to perceive things that are not there","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hallucinat-","meaning":"hallucinatory or related to hallucination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hallucinārī","meaning":"to wander in mind, rave, or dream wildly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hallucination","hallucinatory","hallucinogen","hallucinogenic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daydream","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fantasize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delirate","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"40b84cbe-e380-461b-a9ce-55c75528bdfc","word":"hallucination","definition":"A hallucination is a perception-like experience that occurs without an external stimulus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alucinación","language_family":"latin","root":"hallūcinārī","root_meaning":"to wander in the mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hallucination","meaning":"a perception-like experience without an external stimulus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hallūcinātiō","meaning":"wandering of the mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hallūcinārī / alūcinārī","meaning":"to wander mentally; to be deluded","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hallucinate","hallucinatory","hallucinating","hallucinogen","hallucinosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vision","formality":"literary"},{"word":"apparition","formality":"literary"},{"word":"delusion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"718c2404-1b56-4840-b3e4-57aa6835d170","word":"hallway","definition":"A corridor in a building, providing access to rooms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heall + weg","root_meaning":"large room + path","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hallway","meaning":"a corridor","children":[{"era":"current","word":"hall","meaning":"a large room","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heall","meaning":"large room","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"way","meaning":"a path","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weg","meaning":"path","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hall","way","passageway","corridor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corridor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aisle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"2ea2bbdd-f026-4425-953e-94d42d350af0","word":"halo","definition":"A luminous ring or circle of light, especially one appearing around the sun or moon, or depicted around the head of a holy person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"halo","language_family":"greek","root":"halōs","root_meaning":"threshing floor, disk, ring of light","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"halo","meaning":"A luminous ring.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"halōs","meaning":"circle, ring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἅλως (halōs)","meaning":"threshing floor, disk, ring of light","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aura","corona","nimbus","glory","ring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nimbus","formality":"literary"},{"word":"aura","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corona","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"9965e055-7916-43ee-97cb-19d35d3bdaf2","word":"ham","definition":"Meat from the upper part of a pig's leg, cured with salt or smoke.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hamm","root_meaning":"hollow, bend of the knee","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hammaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ham","meaning":"cured pig leg meat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hamm","meaning":"hollow or bend of the knee","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*hammaz","meaning":"bend of the leg, ham","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hock","hamstring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pork","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gammon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bacon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"caba2d6f-2086-433b-9e45-863822cf9283","word":"hamburger","definition":"A food consisting of a patty of ground beef, usually grilled or fried, placed in a sliced bun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hamburguesa","language_family":"germanic","root":"Hamburg","root_meaning":"city in Germany","root_language":"German","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hamburger","meaning":"ground beef patty in a bun","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Hamburger Steak","meaning":"steak from Hamburg","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Hamburg","meaning":"city in Germany","children":[],"language":"German"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"suffix denoting origin","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"German (dialectal)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frankfurter","wiener","burger","cheeseburger","steak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"burger","formality":"informal"},{"word":"beef patty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"d362f674-0e66-49d1-8dbc-d3d0ccd4d0fb","word":"hammer","definition":"A tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles to a handle, used for driving nails, breaking things, or for forging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hamor","root_meaning":"hammer","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hameraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hammer","meaning":"tool for striking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hamor","meaning":"hammer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hameraz","meaning":"hammer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mallet","anvil","forge","handy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mallet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"club","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"percussion tool","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"0c90f273-5a07-45e9-814b-9568d367bd20","word":"hamster","definition":"A small burrowing rodent with cheek pouches.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hamster","meaning":"a small rodent","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Hamster","meaning":"hamster","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hamsters","hampster","Hamster","hamstering","hamsterlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rodent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cricetid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"617cc817-f6d2-40dc-9f27-fb407d7adcfa","word":"hand","definition":"The end part of a person's arm beyond the wrist; to give or pass","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand","root_meaning":"hand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*handuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"the end part of the arm; to pass to someone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand, power, control","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*handuz","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handful","handmade","handshake","firsthand","secondhand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appendage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"palm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mitt","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"b76747ac-7f56-4be4-b10b-546036c5a6f4","word":"handbag","definition":"A small bag, often with a handle or strap, used especially by women for carrying personal items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand, bagge","root_meaning":"part of the arm, sack","root_language":"Old English, Old Norse/French","root_era":"pre-1100, 1200s","proto_root":"*hondus, *baggaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handbag","meaning":"a small bag carried by hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"part of the arm","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"bag","meaning":"a sack","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"baggi","meaning":"bag, bundle","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handheld","handiwork","backpack","baggage","glove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clutch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carryall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"0f947ee7-e0a9-4f60-96d9-3035d99a3cb9","word":"handbook","definition":"A small book giving information or instructions about a particular subject; a manual.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand + book","root_meaning":"a book held in the hand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂ent- / *bʰeh₂g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handbook","meaning":"manual","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"handbook","meaning":"book carried in the hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōc","meaning":"book","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manual","textbook","notebook","workbook","handout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compendium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"7a3b4203-ad75-4213-96cd-4212bb597232","word":"handcuff","definition":"A pair of linked restraining rings for the wrists, typically made of metal, used to secure a person's hands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand + cuff","root_meaning":"hand + band/sleeve","root_language":"Old English / Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1300s","proto_root":"*hondus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handcuff","meaning":"A pair of linked restraining rings for the wrists","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"the end part of a person's arm beyond the wrist","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"cuff","meaning":"a band at the end of a sleeve or trouser leg","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kuffe","meaning":"sleeve, cuff","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hand","cuff","manacle","wristband"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shackles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manacles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fetters","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"6a7bdb66-0d75-40b7-81e8-5537d3a36762","word":"handful","definition":"An amount that can be held in one hand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand + full","root_meaning":"extremity of the arm + filled","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kon(th)-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handful","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"handful","meaning":"handful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand + full","meaning":"hand + filled","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hand","full","handy","fill","handle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"small quantity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smidgen","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pinch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"4f5816c5-86ed-410d-ad63-53c3274e0ace","word":"handheld","definition":"Designed to be held in the hand.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand + hold","root_meaning":"part of the arm + to grasp","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handheld","meaning":"designed to be held in the hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"held","meaning":"past participle of hold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holdan","meaning":"to grasp, keep","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hand","hold","holding","handle","handy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pocket-sized","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compact","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"1b4eefcf-d09a-46ac-a2b2-acefe5ae9c07","word":"handkerchief","definition":"A square of cloth or paper used for wiping the nose or mouth, or for decorative purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hand + couvre-chef","root_meaning":"hand + head covering","root_language":"Old English (hand) + Old French (couvre-chef)","root_era":"pre-1100 (hand), 1300s (kerchief)","proto_root":"*henduz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handkerchief","meaning":"a piece of cloth for wiping the nose or mouth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*henduz","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"kerchief","meaning":"head covering","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"couvre-chef","meaning":"head covering","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"couvrir","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1100s","word":"chef","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caput","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["hand","kerchief","cover","chief","head"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tissue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hanky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nose-rag","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"4807df3d-47ed-4877-9057-05a8117bf023","word":"handle","definition":"To touch, hold, or manage something with one's hands or mind.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand","root_meaning":"hand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handle","meaning":"to touch or manage","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"handle","meaning":"to touch with hands","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hand","handy","handling","handler","mishandle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"touch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deal with","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"746f3cd8-2efd-4571-9a32-6d3b660b68b4","word":"handler","definition":"A person who handles, manages, controls, or trains something or someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"handlian","root_meaning":"to touch, handle, or manage with the hand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handler","meaning":"a person who handles, manages, controls, or trains something or someone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 to 1100s","word":"handle","meaning":"to touch, grasp, manage, or deal with","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"handlian","meaning":"to handle or touch with the hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"the part of the body used for grasping","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English via Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handle","handling","handled","handy","hand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trainer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"43494248-f451-48b1-ac6e-e1d3597c7a96","word":"handling","definition":"The act of touching, holding, or managing something with one's hands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"handle","root_meaning":"to hold in the hand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hand-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handling","meaning":"act of managing or touching","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"handle","meaning":"to touch with hands, to manage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand, grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handle","handler","mishandling","handy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"management","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dealing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"management","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"84a615d0-6850-4b6c-8f62-31a520d09fe3","word":"handmade","definition":"Made by hand, not by machine, and typically therefore of superior quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand","root_meaning":"extremity of the arm; produced","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hondus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handmade","meaning":"made by hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"extremity of the arm","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"made","meaning":"produced","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"macian","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handcraft","handiwork","manufacture","craft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handcrafted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artisan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"5bed70dc-73b6-4efa-a2e1-21978f569aa6","word":"hands","definition":"Plural of hand; the terminal parts of the human arm below the wrist.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mano","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hand","root_meaning":"the hand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hands","meaning":"plural of hand; terminal arm parts","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"the hand","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ghend-","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hand","handful","handheld","handwork","handshake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"palms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extremities","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fingers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"941f9cae-1951-4ab2-8dda-06af0e28a472","word":"handshake","definition":"The grasping of hands between two people as a greeting or agreement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handshake","meaning":"the grasping of hands between two people as a greeting or agreement","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hand + shake","meaning":"a greeting or agreement made by grasping hands","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"the part of the body at the end of the arm","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shake","meaning":"to move quickly back and forth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English compound"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handshaking","handclasp","handgrip","handshake","handshook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handclasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handgrip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salutation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"e55b132a-5581-4e48-9ddb-8d64e0b5f4d5","word":"handsome","definition":"(Of a man) attractive in a masculine way; good-looking.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand + -some","root_meaning":"hand + suitable/apt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handsome","meaning":"good-looking","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"handsome","meaning":"easy to handle, apt, skillful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-some","meaning":"apt to, causing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handy","winsome","lissome","cumbersome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attractive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"good-looking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dashing","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"c4fb4f3e-db20-4940-ba33-9aa7b5264fc3","word":"handwrite","definition":"To write something by hand, rather than typing or printing it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand + write","root_meaning":"hand + to scratch, carve, draw","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hondō / *wrītan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handwrite","meaning":"to write by hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hondō","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"write","meaning":"to scratch, carve, draw","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wrītan","meaning":"to tear, to scratch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handwriting","handwritten","writer","scribe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrawl","formality":"informal"},{"word":"jot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"26c72b0d-1987-4116-a0af-1ae67dacdea0","word":"handy","definition":"Convenient to handle or use; skillful with one's hands.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hand","root_meaning":"the end part of a person's arm","root_language":"Old English, Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hondus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"handy","meaning":"convenient, skillful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hand","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hand","handle","handsome","handiwork","handgun"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convenient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"useful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skillful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dexterous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"2317f416-5bd6-4ea9-8627-65ff37572c22","word":"hang","definition":"Suspend or be suspended from above with the lower part free.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hangian","root_meaning":"to hang","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hankjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hang","meaning":"Suspend or be suspended from above with the lower part free.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hangian","meaning":"to hang","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hankjaną","meaning":"to hang","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*konk-","meaning":"to hang","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hinge","hanger","hammock","high","hunch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suspend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"9f42ce0b-3ffc-4957-afdf-835cbb4ee3a5","word":"hangar","definition":"A large shed or enclosed structure used to store and maintain aircraft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hangar","language_family":"french","root":"hangar","root_meaning":"shed; shelter","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hangar","meaning":"aircraft shed","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"hangar","meaning":"shed or shelter","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hangars","hangared","hangaring","aircraft hangar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aircraft shelter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"aircraft shed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"9f622873-f12d-4f8e-b2d0-972e1dd4e5ed","word":"hangover","definition":"A severe headache or other disagreeable physical effects following the excessive consumption of alcohol.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hang over","root_meaning":"remaining from the previous night","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hangover","meaning":"Effects of excessive alcohol","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"hang over","meaning":"remaining from previous night","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hang","over","hanging","leftover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aftermath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indisposition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"malaise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"5991dd0f-eeea-4ca0-aac3-4e22f12702be","word":"hank","definition":"a coil or skein of yarn or thread.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"hankr","root_meaning":"a coil, skein","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hakkōn","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hank","meaning":"a coil of yarn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hankr","meaning":"a coil, skein","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hakkōn","meaning":"to hook, to grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hang","hook","hinge","handkerchief"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skein","formality":"technical"},{"word":"coil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bundle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"00a9ee7e-28ad-4b00-8867-0a324511e945","word":"happen","definition":"To occur or take place by chance or unexpectedly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hap","root_meaning":"luck, fortune, chance","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"happen","meaning":"to occur by chance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"happened","meaning":"to occur, to befall","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hap","meaning":"luck, fortune, chance","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hap","happy","happenstance","unhappy","happiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"take place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transpire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"befall","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"0b858326-99d9-442c-8d48-79944c42e46b","word":"happiness","definition":"The state of being happy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"happ","root_meaning":"chance, good fortune","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"happiness","meaning":"state of being happy","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"happy","meaning":"lucky, fortunate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"happ","meaning":"chance, good fortune","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"state, quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["happy","happen","haphazard","lucky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contentment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"felicity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bliss","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"008c5b50-8a0a-4fcf-b557-1aebf27056cd","word":"happy","definition":"Feeling or showing pleasure or contentment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"feliz","language_family":"germanic","root":"hap","root_meaning":"luck, chance","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kob-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1380s","word":"happy","meaning":"Lucky; then pleased, content.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hap","meaning":"Luck, fortune.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"happ","meaning":"Luck, good fortune.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*kob-","meaning":"To suit, to fit.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["happiness","unhappy","happily","happen","haphazard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joyful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"content","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"4f7808c0-6b9c-4c07-9551-ae74b11c5eb7","word":"harass","definition":"To repeatedly trouble, bother, or subject someone to persistent attacks or pressure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"harasser","root_meaning":"to tire out; vex","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harass","meaning":"to repeatedly trouble, bother, or pressure","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"harasser","meaning":"to tire out; vex","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harassment","harasser","harassed","harassing","harry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vex","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hound","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"aaf2174c-5d31-49a4-80fc-90c2eb89ff82","word":"harbor","definition":"A place on the coast where vessels may find shelter, especially one protected from rough weather by breakwaters, usually with docks and facilities for loading and unloading.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"herebeorg","root_meaning":"army shelter, lodging","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*harja-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harbor","meaning":"A place on the coast where vessels may find shelter.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"herebeorg","meaning":"army shelter, lodging","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*haribergaz","meaning":"army shelter","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*harja-","meaning":"army","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"ancient","word":"*bergaz","meaning":"shelter","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bhergh-","meaning":"to hide, protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hostel","heritage","borough","harbinger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"port","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haven","formality":"literary"},{"word":"refuge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"9650d572-3daa-4781-a3a8-2cc3c6599257","word":"harbour","definition":"A place on the coast where ships may find shelter from the weather or from rough seas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*heriberga","root_meaning":"army shelter","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*harjaz, *bergaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harbour","meaning":"a place of shelter for ships","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"herberge","meaning":"lodging, shelter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*heriberga","meaning":"army shelter","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harbinger","auberge","army","shelter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"port","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haven","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anchorage","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"34eb9e29-4066-4267-82bc-496cc200d9d7","word":"hard","definition":"Firm and solid; requiring great effort","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heard","root_meaning":"hard, firm, severe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*harduz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hard","meaning":"firm; requiring effort","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heard","meaning":"hard, firm, severe","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*harduz","meaning":"strong, hard","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hardly","hardship","hardwood","hardware","hardworking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difficult","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arduous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tough","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"d241f900-bbdc-46b5-9617-fabb0cee1d2f","word":"hardcore","definition":"A hard-core thing is something intensely committed, severe, or extreme, especially in style, attitude, or subculture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hard-core","root_meaning":"hard and central; extreme or uncompromising","root_language":"English","root_era":"1930s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hardcore","meaning":"intensely committed, severe, or extreme","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hard","meaning":"firm, severe, difficult","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*harduz","meaning":"hard, firm, tough","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*kar-","meaning":"hard, firm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"core","meaning":"inner part, kernel, center","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*kerd-","meaning":"heart, core","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Early Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hard","core","hard-core","softcore","hardboiled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"severe","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"0e8c7e8d-09ee-4c97-89df-6d720189267a","word":"hardly","definition":"Scarcely; barely; almost not.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hard","root_meaning":"difficult, severe, firm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hardly","meaning":"Scarcely; barely.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hard","meaning":"hard, firm, severe","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"suffix forming adverbs","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hard","hardship","harden","hardiness","sturdy","hardly ever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"barely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scarcely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"almost not","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rarely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"7ac8945b-48f4-4a18-a9d3-6b44fbd3fc6a","word":"hardship","definition":"Severe difficulty or suffering, especially caused by hardship in life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hardshipe","root_meaning":"hardship, adversity","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*harduz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hardship","meaning":"severe difficulty or suffering","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hardshipe","meaning":"hardship, adversity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hard","meaning":"hard, severe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*harduz","meaning":"hard","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ship","meaning":"state, condition, office","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*-skapi-","meaning":"shape, condition","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hard","harden","hardness","hardly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adversity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"difficulty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"privation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suffering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"2f51080c-2a7b-4535-83dc-db9896c002a7","word":"hardware","definition":"Physical electronic or mechanical components of a computer, or tools and fixtures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hard + ware","root_meaning":"solid goods or merchandise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"hardware","meaning":"computer equipment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hard","meaning":"solid, firm","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ware","meaning":"goods, merchandise","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["software","hardwire","hardware store"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"1179473f-ee60-4bf7-b466-38ff013084a6","word":"hardwood","definition":"The wood from a deciduous broad-leaved tree, such as oak, ash, or beech.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heardwudu","root_meaning":"hard wood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kar-, *widhu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hardwood","meaning":"wood from deciduous trees","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hardwode","meaning":"hard wood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heardwudu","meaning":"hard wood","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["softwood","firewood","wooden","forest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lumber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"8e3e484a-a8f0-49c3-8717-9b6a3115b21f","word":"hardy","definition":"Robust, strong, and capable of enduring difficult conditions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hardi","root_meaning":"bold, courageous","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*harduz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hardy","meaning":"robust, strong","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hardi","meaning":"bold, courageous","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*harduz","meaning":"hard, strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hard","hardship","harden","hardihood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"robust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sturdy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resilient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"beaa3b0b-7628-4970-b02e-c7d277f1ef15","word":"hare","definition":"A swift, long-eared mammal related to rabbits but generally larger and longer-legged.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hara","root_meaning":"hare","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hare","meaning":"a swift, long-eared mammal related to rabbits but generally larger and longer-legged","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hara","meaning":"hare","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hasô","meaning":"hare","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hares","harebrained","harelip","harebell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rabbit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coney","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"bunny","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"20236e67-674d-440b-a5d6-8209946c615e","word":"harm","definition":"Physical injury or other damage to a person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hearm","root_meaning":"trouble, pain, grief, loss, injury, evil","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*karmaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harm","meaning":"injury or damage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hearm","meaning":"trouble, pain, grief, loss, injury, evil","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*harmaz","meaning":"harm, grief, pain","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*karmaz","meaning":"suffering, pain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harmful","harmless","injury","damage","hurt","mischief"],"synonyms":[{"word":"damage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"injury","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mischief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detriment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"fcbc037a-acda-41ab-ab59-89906860ce18","word":"harmful","definition":"Causing or likely to cause damage or injury.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hearm","root_meaning":"injury, evil, damage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*harmō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harmful","meaning":"Causing or likely to cause damage or injury.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"harm","meaning":"injury, damage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hearm","meaning":"injury, evil, damage","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harm","harmless","harming","harmer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detrimental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"damaging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"injurious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deleterious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"914a6f6a-effb-472b-b85e-22bb6aa705d0","word":"harmless","definition":"Not causing or intending to cause damage or injury.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"harm","root_meaning":"injury, damage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*harmaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harmless","meaning":"Not causing damage or injury.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"harm + -less","meaning":"without harm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hearm","meaning":"injury, damage","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*harmaz","meaning":"pain, grief","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harm","harmful","unharmed","harmfully","harming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"innocuous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"5e032f29-0854-462f-bd09-a90e43af77d9","word":"harmonica","definition":"A small free-reed musical instrument played with the mouth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"armónica","language_family":"greek","root":"harmonia","root_meaning":"harmony; fitting together","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harmonica","meaning":"a small free-reed musical instrument played with the mouth","children":[{"era":"1762","word":"harmonica","meaning":"Franklin's name for a glass harmonica, later extended to the mouth organ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"harmonicus","meaning":"harmonic; musical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"harmonikos","meaning":"harmonic, musical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"harmonia","meaning":"harmony; agreement; fitting together","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harmony","harmonic","harmonize","harmonious","harmonically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mouth organ","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harp","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blues harp","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"dbce51af-9153-4030-b71f-57709ce1b59c","word":"harmony","definition":"The combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes; a pleasing arrangement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"armonía","language_family":"greek","root":"harmonia","root_meaning":"agreement, joining","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~600 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 BC","word":"harmonía (ἁρμονία)","meaning":"A joining together, agreement, concord. From harmos (joint).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"harmony","meaning":"Musical concord; agreement.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"armonía","meaning":"Harmony.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["harmonious","harmonize","harmonic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concord","formality":"formal"},{"word":"balance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"886e5bcf-1dfb-4a78-afe2-3ac9f775c508","word":"harness","definition":"A set of straps and fittings used to hold, guide, or restrain an animal or person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"*hernest","root_meaning":"army provisions","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harness","meaning":"A set of straps and fittings used to hold, guide, or restrain an animal or person.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"harneys / harneis / harnais","meaning":"equipment, gear, battle gear, harness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"harnais / hernois","meaning":"equipment used in battle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hernest","meaning":"army provisions","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman / Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harnessed","harnessing","unharness","harnesser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tackle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trappings","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"c75ae11b-df30-4fd9-8ba5-cfef21d2dacc","word":"harp","definition":"A stringed musical instrument played by plucking the strings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arpa","language_family":"germanic","root":"*harpō","root_meaning":"harp","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harp","meaning":"a stringed musical instrument played by plucking the strings","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hearpe","meaning":"harp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*harpō","meaning":"harp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harper","harpist","harping","harpsichord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lyre","formality":"literary"},{"word":"lute","formality":"literary"},{"word":"psaltery","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"67c5471c-242e-4038-8bc9-6389d5701d23","word":"harry","definition":"To persistently harass, pester, or trouble someone; to rush or hurry.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hergian","root_meaning":"to make an armed raid or plunder","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harry","meaning":"to persistently harass","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"harry","meaning":"to make raids or plunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hergian","meaning":"to make armed raid","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harried","harrying","harrass","harassment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harass","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pester","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"b8c2248c-b877-4068-8b24-5d4b3e4797ee","word":"harsh","definition":"Unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses, or severely strict.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"harskr","root_meaning":"rough, rude","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harsh","meaning":"unpleasantly rough","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"harsk","meaning":"rough","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"harskr","meaning":"rough, rude","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harshly","harshness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"severe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"austere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abrasive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"82f1c213-2746-4f80-9224-8365b364233f","word":"hart","definition":"An adult male deer, especially a red deer over five years old.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heorot","root_meaning":"stag","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hart","meaning":"male deer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heorot","meaning":"stag","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*herutaz","meaning":"stag","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ker-","meaning":"horn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deer","hind","hartshorn","stag"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"male deer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"59afd9a2-ae87-47d2-93e0-efe47a7b952b","word":"harvest","definition":"The process or period of gathering in crops, or the yield from such a gathering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hærfest","root_meaning":"autumn, harvest time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kerp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"harvest","meaning":"The process or period of gathering in crops.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hærfest","meaning":"autumn, harvest time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harvester","harvesting","harbor","carp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"5a0b642e-b0b7-4cff-9921-141f09cacfe5","word":"has","definition":"Third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to have'.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ha","language_family":"germanic","root":"habban","root_meaning":"to hold, possess","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"has","meaning":"third person singular of have","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"hath, has","meaning":"has","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"habban","meaning":"to hold, possess, have","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["have","had","having","hath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possesses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"owns","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"19ff32ac-704c-402c-8a04-ba9687fed1c1","word":"hash","definition":"A dish of cooked meat cut into small pieces and re-cooked, often with potatoes; also, a mixture or jumble, or to chop into small pieces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"hacher","root_meaning":"to chop","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*hakkon","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hash","meaning":"Chopped food or to chop.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hash","meaning":"to chop, cut up","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hacher","meaning":"to chop up","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hache","meaning":"axe","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hatch","axe","hack","hatchet","mince","chop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mince","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"85e90020-4cc5-4acf-bb18-db03f4a444c3","word":"hasty","definition":"Done too quickly or without enough thought.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hǣstig","root_meaning":"hurried","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hasty","meaning":"done too quickly or without enough thought","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hasti","meaning":"hurried; speedy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hǣstig","meaning":"hurried, quick","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hǣst","meaning":"haste, speed","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["haste","hasten","hastily","hastiness","hasteful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurried","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rushed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precipitate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impetuous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"3aa9459b-d075-44a1-a583-ae1d24766b00","word":"hat","definition":"A covering for the head, often with a brim, worn for warmth, fashion, or protection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hætt","root_meaning":"hat, cap","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hattuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hat","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hætt","meaning":"hat, cap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hattuz","meaning":"covering","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hood","hatter","bonnet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"headwear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"485c52d0-55f4-490a-8e31-ce00753ac47a","word":"hatch","definition":"To emerge from an egg; to cause an egg to break open and an animal to emerge.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hæccan","root_meaning":"to break forth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hatch","meaning":"To emerge from an egg; to cause an egg to break open and an animal to emerge.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hacche","meaning":"to break out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæccan","meaning":"to break forth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hutch","hew"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incubate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"brood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emerge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"birth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"f79cdf85-b8c6-4ff2-8d51-3056412e19af","word":"hatchet","definition":"A small axe with a short handle, used for chopping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"hache","root_meaning":"axe","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hatchet","meaning":"a small axe","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hachete","meaning":"little axe","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hache","meaning":"axe","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hache","hash","hack","hatchetman","hatcheted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"axe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chopper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"5c2a340e-af15-4ea0-89be-9f0861b71e3d","word":"hate","definition":"Intense dislike or enmity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hatian","root_meaning":"to hate, treat as an enemy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hatizō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hate","meaning":"Intense dislike or enmity.","children":[{"era":"12th c.","word":"hate","meaning":"hatred, enmity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hatian","meaning":"to hate, treat as an enemy","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*hatizō","meaning":"hate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hateful","hatred","hating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loathing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"animosity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detestation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"01d4c53d-8b47-4130-9c9d-e0c86eb68f44","word":"hateful","definition":"Showing or arousing intense dislike or hatred.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hatian","root_meaning":"to hate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hateful","meaning":"showing or arousing intense dislike or hatred","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hate","meaning":"to hate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hatian","meaning":"to hate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hate","hatefulness","hater","hatred","hatefully"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abhorrent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detestable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"odious","formality":"literary"},{"word":"loathsome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"17b45fc3-e717-4b19-934c-f12536cbf151","word":"hath","definition":"An archaic third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'have'.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hæfþ","root_meaning":"has (third person singular of have)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kh₂peh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"archaic","word":"hath","meaning":"has","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæfþ","meaning":"has","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*habjaną","meaning":"to have","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*kh₂peh₂-","meaning":"to grasp, take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["have","has","had","having"],"synonyms":[{"word":"has","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"possesses","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"429aad89-54b9-4561-826b-f3756825514c","word":"hatred","definition":"Intense dislike or ill will.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hete","root_meaning":"hatred, enmity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hatiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hatred","meaning":"intense dislike","children":[{"era":"null","word":"hatred","meaning":"hatred (from Old English hete + -red suffix)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hete","meaning":"hatred, enmity","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*hatiz","meaning":"hatred","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hate","hateful","hater","enmity","hostility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"animosity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dislike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enmity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"eb9bd372-464e-477a-864f-4044e74eb883","word":"haul","definition":"To pull or drag with effort or force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"halian","root_meaning":"to draw, drag","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hulyan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"haul","meaning":"to pull or drag","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"halian","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hulyan","meaning":"to pull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tow","hawser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"schlep","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"6597c3ad-12a5-4242-8f2c-41900e4aae44","word":"haunt","definition":"To visit regularly or frequently as a ghost; to frequent a place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"hanter","root_meaning":"to frequent, to haunt","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hantōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"haunt","meaning":"to visit as a ghost","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"haunten","meaning":"to frequent, to dwell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hanter","meaning":"to frequent, to haunt","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"*hantōną","meaning":"to frequent","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["home","hantise","hand (disputed)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frequent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"linger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beset","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"aa524ed3-d930-4125-878a-e38859f921a7","word":"have","definition":"Verb indicating possession, ownership, or the holding of something; also used as an auxiliary verb.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"haber","language_family":"germanic","root":"habban","root_meaning":"to hold, possess","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"have","meaning":"to possess or hold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"have","meaning":"to hold, possess","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*kap","meaning":"to grasp, hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["had","having","has","behave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possess","formality":"formal"},{"word":"own","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"fb12843c-88de-4ef9-a18e-282f260af404","word":"haven","definition":"A place of safety or refuge; a port or harbor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hæfen","root_meaning":"harbor, port","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*habno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"haven","meaning":"A place of safety or refuge","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"havene","meaning":"harbor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæfen","meaning":"harbor, port","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*habno-","meaning":"harbor","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harbor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refuge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanctuary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"b84a8929-0bc6-4744-aaed-4bffd23c2a36","word":"having","definition":"Possessing or owning something; the present participle of the verb have.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"habiendo","language_family":"germanic","root":"habban","root_meaning":"to hold or possess","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"having","meaning":"possessing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"have","meaning":"to hold or possess","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"habban","meaning":"to hold or possess","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["have","has","had","possession","holder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possessing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"holding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"owning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"containing","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"830b4a17-240a-461e-a240-306a3bad2266","word":"hawaii","definition":"A U.S. state consisting of a group of Pacific islands in the central North Pacific Ocean.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Hawaiian Hawai'i","root_meaning":"homeland or place of the gods","root_language":"Hawaiian","root_era":"pre-1778","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hawaii","meaning":"U.S. state and Pacific island group","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Hawaii","meaning":"Hawaiian islands","children":[{"era":"pre-1778","word":"Hawai'i","meaning":"homeland, place of the gods","children":[],"language":"Hawaiian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Hawaiian","Hawaiians","Honolulu"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Aloha State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"the islands","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"e03e4f7f-a9fe-4f6b-b79c-c249f5210a50","word":"hawaiian","definition":"Pertaining to Hawaii, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"hawaiano","language_family":"other","root":"Hawai'i","root_meaning":"original meaning uncertain","root_language":"Proto-Polynesian","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Hawaiian","meaning":"of Hawaii","children":[{"era":null,"word":"Hawai'i","meaning":"name of the archipelago","children":[{"era":null,"word":"Sawaiki","meaning":"traditional homeland","children":[],"language":"Proto-Polynesian"}],"language":"Hawaiian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Polynesia","islander","kama'aina"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Pacific","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"native","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"ee4d5a4c-69c7-4b13-8a30-4464c0b0ba95","word":"hawkins","definition":"A common surname of English origin, meaning 'son of Hawk.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Hawk + kin","root_meaning":"a bird + small/descendant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*habukaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Hawkins","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Hawkin","meaning":"little Hawk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Hawk","meaning":"bird of prey","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Hawk","Hawker","Hawks","Hawking"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"123055f1-153e-437f-af25-8c9cb368d975","word":"haystack","definition":"A pile or stack of cut, dried grass used as fodder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"haystack","meaning":"a stack of hay","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hay","meaning":"grass cut and dried for fodder","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stack","meaning":"a pile or heap","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hay","stack","hayrick","hayloft","haymaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hayrick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"fe193fcc-6809-4b2f-a41e-d6e4e176163d","word":"hazard","definition":"A danger or risk; a source of potential harm or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"azar","language_family":"french","root":"az-zahr","root_meaning":"the dice","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hazard","meaning":"danger, risk","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hasard","meaning":"game of dice; chance, risk","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"az-zahr","meaning":"the dice","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hazardous","haphazard","gambling","risk","chance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"risk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"danger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peril","formality":"formal"},{"word":"threat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"55fe433c-3cc9-4d1e-953e-f734997b1f90","word":"hazardous","definition":"Involving risk or danger.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"azaroso","language_family":"other","root":"az-zahr","root_meaning":"the dice","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hazardous","meaning":"dangerous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hazard","meaning":"a game of dice, chance, risk","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"az-zahr","meaning":"the dice","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hazard","haphazard","risky","dangerous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dangerous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"risky","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perilous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unsafe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"983e62b6-c580-4363-ac9f-c1826e4e004c","word":"haze","definition":"A thin atmospheric obscuration caused by fine suspended particles of water, dust, or smoke that reduces visibility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hasu","root_meaning":"grey, dusky","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kas-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"haze","meaning":"atmospheric obscuration by fine particles","children":[{"era":"1620s","word":"hazy","meaning":"misty, foggy, indistinct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hasu","meaning":"grey, dusky","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kas-","meaning":"grey","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hazy","haziness","hazily","haze (verb)","befogged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murk","formality":"literary"},{"word":"smog","formality":"technical"},{"word":"brume","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"1ae7a7e7-ae7d-408c-b59d-89abaffae3c7","word":"hazel","definition":"A deciduous shrub or small tree bearing edible nuts, or a greenish-brown color.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hæsel","root_meaning":"hazelnut tree","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kóslos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hazel","meaning":"tree, color","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæsel","meaning":"hazelnut tree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kóslos","meaning":"hazel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hazelnut","hasel","filbert","coslo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nut tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brownish-green","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filbert","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"fb3f2a56-d60f-48d7-a4bb-fd5e71e51701","word":"head","definition":"The upper part of the body containing the brain; a leader","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēafod","root_meaning":"head, top, chief","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haubudą","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"upper body part; top; chief person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēafod","meaning":"head, top, source","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*haubudą","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["headline","headquarters","headache","forehead","beachhead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cranium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noggin","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:07:26.830Z"}
{"id":"81a85708-ce3a-43cd-bd5b-0e7c0b48f755","word":"headache","definition":"A continuous pain in the head.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heafodæce","root_meaning":"head-ache","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headache","meaning":"A continuous pain in the head.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heafodæce","meaning":"head-ache","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heafod","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æce","meaning":"ache","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["head","ache","backache","toothache"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cephalalgia","formality":"technical"},{"word":"migraine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"ceb4b01a-d364-431b-8c74-6e9ae7c95558","word":"header","definition":"A word, phrase, or line of text placed at the top of a page or column.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heafod","root_meaning":"head, top","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"header","meaning":"top part, title","children":[{"era":"current","word":"head","meaning":"top part of the body or object","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"heved","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēafod","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*haubudam","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*kaput-","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["head","heading","headline","overhead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"headline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"masthead","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"4beea8a2-0b12-4bf9-89c8-8650d1feae9a","word":"headless","definition":"Headless means lacking a head, literally or figuratively.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heafod","root_meaning":"head","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headless","meaning":"lacking a head, literally or figuratively","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"the upper part of the body; the head","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heafod","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without; lacking","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["head","headlessness","behead","leaderless","headed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leaderless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beheaded","formality":"technical"},{"word":"decapitated","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"2bd9c9c9-8e5e-40d2-a9a2-abacf6253b37","word":"headlight","definition":"A lamp mounted on the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headlight","meaning":"front lamp on a vehicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"front, top, leader","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"light","meaning":"illumination, lamp","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["headlamp","headlights","light","head","lamplight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"headlamp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"front light","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"front lamp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"ad0e3f90-9cec-4801-89db-1508969f715d","word":"headline","definition":"A heading at the top of an article or page in a newspaper or magazine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"head + line","root_meaning":"uppermost part + mark, cord","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaput-, *leinā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headline","meaning":"A heading at the top of an article","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"uppermost part","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"line","meaning":"cord, mark","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heading","liner","online","streamline","headland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"banner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"089c9886-acbb-4569-a9e4-a7798cd889a5","word":"headlines","definition":"The heading of a newspaper article or news broadcast appearing at the top in large type.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"head","root_meaning":"upper part of body","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haudit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headlines","meaning":"newspaper article headings","children":[{"era":"1890s","word":"headline","meaning":"heading of a newspaper article","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"upper part of body","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"line","meaning":"thin cord, row of text","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["headline","head","line","header"],"synonyms":[{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heading","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caption","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"4d850024-b454-4535-a35a-ca7f2b372b98","word":"headmaster","definition":"A man who is the head teacher in a private school.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"head + master","root_meaning":"chief + teacher","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headmaster","meaning":"head teacher","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"head, chief","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"master","meaning":"teacher, guide","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["headmistress","schoolmaster","headship","mastery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"school head","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"d73f3af5-3c00-4ed8-9fa0-39cbbfd007e2","word":"headquarter","definition":"To establish or locate one's main administrative center or office.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heafod","root_meaning":"top, chief","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headquarter","meaning":"to establish a headquarters","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"top, chief","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"quarter","meaning":"fourth part, division, lodging","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["head","quarter","leader","branch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"establish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"situate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"station","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"71dade08-4381-463c-af6f-038e21631b29","word":"headset","definition":"A device that holds an earphone and a microphone in position on a user's head.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"head","root_meaning":"upper part of the body","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haubudą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"headset","meaning":"A device that holds an earphone and a microphone in position on a user's head.","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"headset","meaning":"Combination of 'head' and 'set'.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"head","meaning":"upper part of the body","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"set","meaning":"to place, put","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["headphone","headband","headgear","setting","setup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"headphones","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earphones","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earpiece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comms","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"aa4e71e1-cc8c-46dd-8066-2ecc03a0988a","word":"heal","definition":"To make sound or whole again.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hælan","root_meaning":"to make whole, restore to health","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heal","meaning":"To make sound or whole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hælan","meaning":"to make whole","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*kailijaną","meaning":"to make whole","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*kailaz","meaning":"whole, uninjured","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["health","whole","holy","hale","healer","unhealed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recover","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"d6451b68-5189-45b0-b3d2-46c15c2574e4","word":"healer","definition":"A person or thing that heals, restores, or cures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hailaz","root_meaning":"whole, healthy, uninjured","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"healer","meaning":"a person or thing that heals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heal","meaning":"to make healthy or whole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hǣlan","meaning":"to heal, restore, make whole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hailaz","meaning":"whole, healthy, uninjured","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heal","healed","healing","health","healthful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"physician","formality":"formal"},{"word":"restorer","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"265a5756-a337-4af8-b0c1-74d74cea8253","word":"health","definition":"The state of being free from illness or injury; a person's mental or physical condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salud","language_family":"germanic","root":"hǣlþ","root_meaning":"wholeness, being sound","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*kailo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"health","meaning":"State of being well.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hǣlþ","meaning":"Wholeness, soundness of body.","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*kailo-","meaning":"Whole, uninjured.","language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["healthy","heal","holy","whole","wholesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wellness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"well-being","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"3491d4f1-5e10-451b-923b-6411eb66c1b1","word":"healthcare","definition":"The organized provision of medical and health services to individuals or communities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"health + care","root_meaning":"soundness of body and provision of attention","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailo- (health); *garo- (care)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"healthcare","meaning":"medical and health services","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"health","meaning":"soundness of body","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*kailo-","meaning":"whole, uninjured","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"care","meaning":"concern, attention","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*garo-","meaning":"care, heed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["health","care","healthcare provider","healthcare system","health services"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medical care","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"health services","formality":"technical"},{"word":"medicine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"treatment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"07d16133-f294-4a9a-b370-26068ca64294","word":"healthy","definition":"In a state of good physical or mental condition; free from disease or injury.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"health","root_meaning":"wholeness, soundness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"healthy","meaning":"in good health condition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"health","meaning":"soundness of body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hælth","meaning":"wholeness, safety","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["health","healthily","healthiness","unhealthy","healthcare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"well","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robust","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wholesome","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"db7a4a20-5752-4268-9b02-ac54d217edba","word":"heap","definition":"A collection of things lying one on top of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heap","root_meaning":"heap, multitude","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*koupos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heap","meaning":"collection of things","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēap","meaning":"heap, multitude","children":[{"era":"pre-400s","word":"*koupos","meaning":"heap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoop","hop (dialectal)","cope (of a building)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accumulation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"fa15624d-8e8d-446d-9fc7-d3af08df651f","word":"hear","definition":"To perceive sound with the ear; to listen to","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēran","root_meaning":"to hear, listen","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hauzjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hear","meaning":"to perceive sound; to listen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēran","meaning":"to hear, listen, obey","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hauzjan-","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heard","hearing","hearsay","overhear","unheard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"listen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:07:26.830Z"}
{"id":"c855b705-fb28-4750-b7d8-7386103e75c7","word":"heard","definition":"Perceived sound with the ear or received information.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English heran","root_meaning":"to listen, hear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kous-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heard","meaning":"perceived sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hear","meaning":"to listen or perceive sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heran","meaning":"to listen, hear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*kous-","meaning":"to hear, listen","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hear","hearing","heard","hears","hearkens"],"synonyms":[{"word":"listened","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceived","formality":"formal"},{"word":"learned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascertained","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"bd5878e5-e49a-441f-9109-e5bcd558b6f7","word":"hearing","definition":"The sense by which sound is perceived; or a formal session to listen to evidence or arguments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heran","root_meaning":"to listen or hear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hearing","meaning":"sense of sound perception","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hear","meaning":"to listen or perceive sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heran","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hear","heard","hearer","overhear","hardship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"audition","formality":"technical"},{"word":"trial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"listening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"session","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"df67b4e6-96ea-4008-a91c-3b7c09f9616a","word":"heart","definition":"The organ pumping blood through the body; the center of emotions","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heorte","root_meaning":"heart","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hertô","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heart","meaning":"cardiac organ; seat of emotion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heorte","meaning":"heart, spirit, mind","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hertô","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kerd-","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heartfelt","heartbeat","heartbreak","wholehearted","sweetheart"],"synonyms":[{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ticker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"58dfc34e-9ce1-4c68-b232-8cba6f65b0e1","word":"heartbeat","definition":"A pulsation or rhythmic contraction of the heart.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heart + beat","root_meaning":"organ of circulation + strike","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heartbeat","meaning":"A pulsation of the heart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heart","meaning":"organ of circulation","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"heorte","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beat","meaning":"strike","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"beatan","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heart","cardiac","courage","beat","rhythm","pulse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pulse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"palpitation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"bad716b1-f575-459b-bc3f-00d854683c95","word":"heartbreak","definition":"Overwhelming grief or anguish, especially from loss or disappointment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heartbreak","meaning":"overwhelming grief or anguish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heart","meaning":"the heart; emotions, feeling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *hertō","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"break","meaning":"to break, shatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *brekaną","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heartbroken","heartbreaking","heartbreakingly","heartache","heartbreaks"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anguish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sorrow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"2a04384a-0f7a-4ee4-a3c2-1dbd5d2ee248","word":"heartbroken","definition":"Deeply sad, distressed, or emotionally shattered, especially after loss or disappointment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heartbroken","meaning":"deeply sad or emotionally shattered","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heart","meaning":"the organ of feeling, emotion, and courage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heorte","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"broken","meaning":"cracked, fractured, or shattered","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brocen","meaning":"broken; past participle of brecan","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heartbreak","heartbrokenly","brokenhearted","heartbrokenness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devastated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distraught","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grief-stricken","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"7896cacd-f9a7-480e-9fe5-93c25edb25d8","word":"heartless","definition":"Lacking compassion or sympathy; cruel.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heorte","root_meaning":"heart","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱḗr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heartless","meaning":"lacking heart or compassion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heart","meaning":"organ of circulation, center of emotion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heorte","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*hertō","meaning":"heart","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ḱḗr","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heart","hearty","heartfelt","disheartened"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cruel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfeeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merciless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"callous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"b5b8195e-06ac-4397-ba40-9520ca394903","word":"hearty","definition":"Warm, vigorous, or substantial, especially of food, a greeting, or a person.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hertō","root_meaning":"heart","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hearty","meaning":"warm, vigorous, or substantial","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heart","meaning":"the organ associated with feeling, courage, and vitality","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hertō","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heart","hearten","heartfelt","heartiness","heartily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"robust","formality":"formal"},{"word":"warm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substantial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"4dafe5be-8d32-4abe-bdac-b19412fdfbd4","word":"heat","definition":"A form of energy transferred between objects with different temperatures; warmth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"haet","root_meaning":"hot or heated","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kai-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heat","meaning":"thermal energy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heat","meaning":"hotness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæt","meaning":"heat or hotness","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"kai","meaning":"to burn or heat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heated","heater","heating","heatedly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warmth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"temperature","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fever","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"25bbeaa1-787a-489c-b83d-69bbd9c7562a","word":"heath","definition":"An area of open uncultivated land, typically covered with heather, gorse, and coarse grasses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hæð","root_meaning":"wasteland, uncultivated land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haitjō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heath","meaning":"An area of open uncultivated land","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæð","meaning":"wasteland, uncultivated land","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*haitjō","meaning":"heather, uncultivated land","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heather","heathen","hither"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wasteland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrubland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"cada995c-69e4-4481-a78d-e56e92e80190","word":"heave","definition":"Heave means to lift or throw something with effort, or to rise and fall heavily.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*habjaną","root_meaning":"to lift or raise","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heave","meaning":"to lift or throw with effort","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"heven","meaning":"to lift, raise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hebban","meaning":"to raise, lift","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*habjaną","meaning":"to lift or raise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heaved","heaving","heave-ho","heave-to","heaver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"raise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heft","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"1d795054-cf81-48e7-817e-60c79c1fd695","word":"heaven","definition":"The dwelling place of God and the angels, and the abode of the blessed after death; the sky or universe as seen from Earth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heofon","root_meaning":"sky, heaven","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hebuną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heaven","meaning":"dwelling place of God, the sky","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heofon","meaning":"sky, heaven","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hebuną","meaning":"heaven, sky","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heavenly","heave","above","heft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paradise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sky","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celestial abode","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"4a32cf96-b4f0-4aac-a555-0bc7ca3f2758","word":"heavenly","definition":"Relating to heaven or the heavens; divine or sublime.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heofon","root_meaning":"sky, heaven","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heavenly","meaning":"relating to heaven","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hevenlich","meaning":"heavenly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heofonlic","meaning":"heavenly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heofon","meaning":"sky, heaven","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-lic","meaning":"-ly (adjective suffix)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heaven","heavens","hell","divine","celestial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celestial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"divine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sublime","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ethereal","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"61b74a88-11cd-45ce-87f6-3a7823e52a44","word":"heavy","definition":"Of great weight; difficult to lift or carry, or of considerable weight or force.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hebig","root_meaning":"weighty, heavy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kop-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heavy","meaning":"of great weight or force","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hevy","meaning":"weighty, burdensome","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hefig","meaning":"weighty, heavy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heavier","heavily","heaviness","heavyweight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weighty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ponderous","formality":"literary"},{"word":"substantial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"c5c75e54-e854-46e7-9eeb-20ddcb311512","word":"heavyweight","definition":"Something or someone of great weight or importance, especially a boxer in the heaviest class.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heavyweight","meaning":"a person or thing of great weight or importance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heavy","meaning":"having much weight; grave; oppressive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hefig","meaning":"heavy; weighty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hafiga","meaning":"having weight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weight","meaning":"weight; heaviness; a mass used for weighing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wiht / gewiht","meaning":"weight; weighing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wihti-","meaning":"weight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*weg-","meaning":"to be strong, be lively; weigh","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heavy","weight","heaviness","heavy-duty","lightweight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powerhouse","formality":"informal"},{"word":"heavy hitter","formality":"informal"},{"word":"giant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"2e65f39f-84f6-44c0-bc1d-e25c0acfeb14","word":"hebrew","definition":"A member of an ancient Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, or their language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hebreo","language_family":"other","root":"‘ibrī (עברי)","root_meaning":"pertaining to Eber, or 'one from the other side'","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hebrew","meaning":"ancient Semitic people/language","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hebraeus","meaning":"Hebrew","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hebraios","meaning":"Hebrew","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"‘ibrī (עברי)","meaning":"pertaining to Eber","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Israelite","Jew","Yiddish","Aramaic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Israelite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Jew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Semitic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"12d41004-3bb8-4452-b671-d8ae71cec7c8","word":"heck","definition":"Used as a mild oath or exclamation instead of 'hell'.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hell","root_meaning":"the underworld","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haljō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hell","meaning":"the underworld","children":[{"era":"19th C.","word":"heck","meaning":"Used as a mild oath or exclamation instead of 'hell'.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hell","meaning":"the underworld","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*haljō","meaning":"concealed place, the underworld","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["hell","Hades","hole"],"synonyms":[{"word":"darn","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gosh","formality":"informal"},{"word":"shoot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"9a2f2660-e77b-466d-8daa-63976147d03b","word":"hectic","definition":"Characterized by intense, feverish activity or excitement; originally describing a persistent wasting fever associated with tuberculosis.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"héctico","language_family":"greek","root":"hektikos","root_meaning":"habitual, relating to a fixed bodily condition","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*segh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hectic","meaning":"frenetically busy; originally relating to a wasting fever","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hectique","meaning":"relating to habitual fever","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hecticus","meaning":"of a constitutional fever","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hektikos","meaning":"habitual, of fixed bodily habit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hexis","meaning":"habit, state, condition of the body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ekhein","meaning":"to have, to hold","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hectically","hectic fever","hexis","cachexia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frenetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frantic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feverish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chaotic","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"f56bf9bb-6201-4fe8-8a31-6ceadf6cbf1d","word":"hector","definition":"To talk to (someone) in a bullying, intimidating way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Hektōr","root_meaning":"holding fast","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hector","meaning":"to talk to someone in a bullying way","children":[{"era":"17th century (verb usage)","word":"Hector","meaning":"Trojan hero","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Hektōr","meaning":"holding fast","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English (from proper noun)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hectoring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bully","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimidate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"browbeat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"torment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"00cc4853-0304-4bf5-852d-4adcdb4b430c","word":"hedgehog","definition":"A hedgehog is a small nocturnal mammal with a coat of sharp spines.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hedgehog","meaning":"small spiny mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hedge","meaning":"a fence or enclosure","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hog","meaning":"a pig","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hedge","hog","hedgerow","hoggish","hedgepig"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hedgepig","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"urchin","formality":"literary"},{"word":"porcupine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"a29b1285-56fd-4112-9cc4-1e6a9deb0057","word":"hee","definition":"An exclamation used to express amusement, triumph, or derision, often repeated.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hee","meaning":"exclamation of amusement","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hee","meaning":"onomatopoeic sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ha","ho","heh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ha-ha","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chuckle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snicker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"giggle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"2e064bf5-5415-4628-b333-e1d6c0ff414c","word":"heed","definition":"To heed is to pay attention to or take notice of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēdan","root_meaning":"to heed, care for, or guard","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heed","meaning":"to pay attention to or take notice of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēdan","meaning":"to heed, care for, or guard","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heedful","heedless","heeder","heeding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attention","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regard","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"f187a67f-e3ec-4952-93ea-57684ff95816","word":"heel","definition":"The back part of the human foot, below the ankle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hela","root_meaning":"heel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kokʷlo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heel","meaning":"back of the foot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hela","meaning":"heel","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"hahlaz","meaning":"heel","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"kokʷlo-","meaning":"heel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heel (of a shoe)","heeler","achilles","heel (verb)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calcaneum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rearfoot","formality":"technical"},{"word":"back part","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"cffa47c8-f176-4f88-9285-6f6e3fb27e14","word":"height","definition":"The measurement of how tall or high something is.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"high","root_meaning":"of great distance upward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"height","meaning":"measurement of vertical distance","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"height","meaning":"state of being high","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"high","meaning":"of great upward distance","children":[{"era":"pre-AD","word":"hēah","meaning":"high, tall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","heighten","higher","highly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"altitude","formality":"technical"},{"word":"elevation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stature","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"fae96b9b-1b78-4f3c-bb7c-70843c0c1558","word":"heinous","definition":"Utterly wicked or shockingly evil.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"haine","root_meaning":"hatred","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heinous","meaning":"shockingly evil","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"heynous / hainous","meaning":"hateful, odious","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hainous","meaning":"hateful","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"haine","meaning":"hatred","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heinously","heinousness","hateful","hatefulness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"atrocious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"odious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"egregious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"79afb07a-8b66-45f3-a9b5-be4045adbd6a","word":"heir","definition":"A person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"heredero","language_family":"latin","root":"heres","root_meaning":"heir","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰeh₁r-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heir","meaning":"person who inherits","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"eir","meaning":"heir","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"heres","meaning":"heir","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*gʰeh₁r-","meaning":"to desire, want","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heiress","inherit","heritage","heredity","heritable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"successor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneficiary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legatee","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"cedeba7a-a01c-4f90-9cfe-93bbfacdedc8","word":"heist","definition":"A heist is a robbery, especially a planned and daring theft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heist","meaning":"a robbery or theft","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"heist","meaning":"to steal; later extended from slang to mean a robbery","children":[],"language":"20th-century slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heisted","heisting","heister","heists"],"synonyms":[{"word":"robbery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"theft","formality":"formal"},{"word":"burglary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"4100b0d7-d644-4902-87d9-077fc28f0ea8","word":"held","definition":"Past tense of hold; grasped, contained, or maintained in one's possession or position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hold","root_meaning":"to grasp, contain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"held","meaning":"past tense of hold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hold","meaning":"to grasp, contain, possess","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to drive, push, compel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hold","holder","holding","behold","household"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grasped","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maintained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"possessed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clutched","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.701Z"}
{"id":"1c349646-d94e-4043-848e-1fd2e0cba835","word":"helicopter","definition":"An aircraft with horizontally revolving blades providing lift and propulsion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"helicóptero","language_family":"greek","root":"helix + pteron","root_meaning":"spiral + wing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helicopter","meaning":"rotary-wing aircraft","children":[{"era":"1860s","word":"hélicoptère","meaning":"helicopter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hélix","meaning":"spiral","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἕλιξ (helix)","meaning":"spiral, coil","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek (via Latin)"},{"era":"classical","word":"πτερόν (pteron)","meaning":"wing","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["helical","helix","pterodactyl","wing","spiral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chopper","formality":"informal"},{"word":"rotorcraft","formality":"technical"},{"word":"whirlybird","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"ee846aae-df89-413a-909b-50bbe3ee2041","word":"helium","definition":"A colorless, odorless, inert noble gas and chemical element with atomic number 2.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"helio","language_family":"greek","root":"ἥλιος","root_meaning":"sun","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helium","meaning":"the chemical element helium","children":[{"era":"1868","word":"helium","meaning":"named for the Sun because it was first identified in the Sun's atmosphere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἥλιος","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heliocentric","heliograph","helioscope","heliotherapy","heliopause"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noble gas","formality":"technical"},{"word":"inert gas","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rare gas","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"3cfdc615-f161-498e-85f3-8c9f859eb9eb","word":"hell","definition":"A place or state of suffering, often associated with evil and punishment after death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hel","root_meaning":"to cover, conceal","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hell","meaning":"a place of evil and suffering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"helle","meaning":"abode of the dead, underworld","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*halja","meaning":"concealed place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to cover, conceal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hull","helmet","cellar","conceal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abyss","formality":"literary"},{"word":"underworld","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inferno","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perdition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"7dc27b77-160f-4d49-8d7f-c513f68be8d2","word":"heller","definition":"A heller is a small coin, especially a former subdivision of the Central European krone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Haller","root_meaning":"coin from Hall (Schwäbisch Hall)","root_language":"Middle High German","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heller","meaning":"a small coin","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Heller","meaning":"a small coin named for Hall","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Haller","meaning":"a coin from Hall","children":[],"language":"Middle High German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Heller","hellers","Haller","hellercoin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"penny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"small coin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"1f9919a2-2876-4d7f-851d-da5b7733c407","word":"hello","definition":"Used as a greeting or to begin a telephone conversation.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"hola","language_family":"germanic","root":"halā","root_meaning":"call to fetch, summon","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1827","word":"hello","meaning":"Standard greeting, popularized by the telephone.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"hullo","meaning":"Greeting, variant of holla.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"holla","meaning":"Shout to attract attention.","children":[{"era":"~800 AD","word":"halā, holā","meaning":"Call to summon or attract attention.","language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["hullo","holla","hi"],"synonyms":[{"word":"greetings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hi","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"ffdd9e85-9237-4809-a965-6675a027532f","word":"helm","definition":"The device used to steer a ship or other vessel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*helmô","root_meaning":"handle, tiller","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helm","meaning":"the steering device of a ship","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"helme","meaning":"tiller, steering handle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"helma","meaning":"tiller, handle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*helmô","meaning":"handle, tiller","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["helmed","helming","helmsman","helmman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tiller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wheel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steering wheel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rudder","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"f9a5f15b-0844-4b72-b9c5-d6d082cbeeb6","word":"helmet","definition":"A hard or padded protective covering for the head, worn by soldiers, motorcyclists, and others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"yelmo","language_family":"germanic","root":"*helmaz","root_meaning":"covering","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helmet","meaning":"A protective covering for the head","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"helmet","meaning":"small helm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"helm","meaning":"protective covering","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*helmaz","meaning":"covering","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to cover, conceal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["helm","overwhelm","unhelm","conceal","cellar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"headgear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"casque","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"181e4b73-6487-4332-80b6-d71b41030fcf","word":"help","definition":"To make it easier for someone to do something; assistance","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"helpan","root_meaning":"to help, aid, support","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*helpan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"help","meaning":"to assist; give aid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"helpan","meaning":"to help, aid, relieve","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*helpan-","meaning":"to help","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["helpful","helpless","helper","self-help","helpline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"464255e0-276f-4f11-aa87-d1e6478104b2","word":"helper","definition":"A person or thing that helps; an assistant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*helpō","root_meaning":"help","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱelp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helper","meaning":"one who helps; an assistant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"helpere","meaning":"one who helps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"helpere","meaning":"one who helps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*helpō","meaning":"help","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ḱelp-","meaning":"to help","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["help","helped","helping","helpful","helpfulness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assistant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supporter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"213ca73f-0ac3-40c2-b78f-369fb8c1dd16","word":"helpful","definition":"Giving or ready to give help; useful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"helpan","root_meaning":"to help, support","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helpful","meaning":"useful, ready to help","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"help","meaning":"to help, support","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"helpan","meaning":"to help","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["help","helper","helping","helpfully"],"synonyms":[{"word":"useful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneficial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constructive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"e58f124b-b20e-485b-8b44-e3d56dbd7140","word":"helpless","definition":"Unable to defend oneself or to act without help.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"help","root_meaning":"aid, assist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kelb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helpless","meaning":"unable to help oneself","children":[{"era":"13th C.","word":"helpless","meaning":"unable to defend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"help","meaning":"aid, support","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["help","helping","helper","unhelpful","helplessness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powerless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defenseless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vulnerable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"f3da27a0-304c-4d88-8a21-51fab7764187","word":"helps","definition":"Provides assistance or aid to someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English helpan","root_meaning":"to aid or assist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kelp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"helps","meaning":"provides assistance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"help","meaning":"to aid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"helpan","meaning":"to aid","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"Germanic *helpanan","meaning":"to help","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["help","helper","helpful","helpless","helping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aids","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assists","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supports","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facilitates","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"6b943c20-a045-418e-92f7-ab1d0f19d393","word":"hemisphere","definition":"A half of a sphere, especially one of the halves of the Earth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hemisferio","language_family":"greek","root":"hēmisphairion","root_meaning":"half sphere","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"hēmisphaírion (ἡμισφαίριον)","meaning":"Half sphere. From hēmi- (half) + sphaira (sphere, ball).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hemisphere","meaning":"Half of the Earth or a sphere.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"hemisferio","meaning":"Hemisphere.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["sphere","atmosphere","biosphere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"half","formality":"informal"},{"word":"domain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"4c240a30-7438-4ee8-9dca-3fea0198670c","word":"hence","definition":"From this time; from now on; for this reason; therefore.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heonan","root_meaning":"from here","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hence","meaning":"from this time/reason","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hennes","meaning":"from here","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heonan","meaning":"from here","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hina-","meaning":"this side","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thence","whence","hither","thither"],"synonyms":[{"word":"therefore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ergo","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"5995bc7b-564c-433e-8e28-17863d4dbf8f","word":"henceforth","definition":"From this time onward.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heonan forþ","root_meaning":"from here forward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"henceforth","meaning":"from this time onward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hence","meaning":"from here; from this place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heonan","meaning":"from here","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forth","meaning":"forward, onward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forþ","meaning":"forward, forth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hence","forth","henceforward","hereafter","hereinafter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"from now on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"henceforward","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hereafter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"92a236c2-7aca-4144-b227-1e39a27a397c","word":"henry","definition":"A unit of electrical inductance equal to the magnetic flux density induced by one ampere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Henry","root_meaning":"named after Joseph Henry, American scientist","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"henry","meaning":"unit of electrical inductance","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Henry","meaning":"Joseph Henry, American scientist (1797-1878)","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inductance","henry coil","millihenry","microhenry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"H","formality":"technical"},{"word":"unit of inductance","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"f732dd26-46df-45c7-bd8a-00ff6f2ad79e","word":"hepatitis","definition":"Inflammation of the liver.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hepatitis","language_family":"greek","root":"hēpar","root_meaning":"liver","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*yekʷr̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hepatitis","meaning":"inflammation of the liver","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hepatitis","meaning":"inflammation of the liver","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hēpatîtis","meaning":"inflammation of the liver","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hēpar","meaning":"liver","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"-îtis","meaning":"inflammation","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hepatic","hepatology","liver","hepatocyte","hepatectomy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hepatic inflammation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"liver inflammation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inflammation of the liver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"490b62a4-d90d-491e-a4a8-75e635d8bcef","word":"her","definition":"Objective form of the pronoun she; referring to a female person or thing.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hire","root_meaning":"of her, to her","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"her","meaning":"objective form of she","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hire","meaning":"of her, to her","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*swā-","meaning":"she, herself","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["she","hers","herself","herein"],"synonyms":[{"word":"she","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the woman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"db9766f3-a8ac-4302-a14a-575b8897ee60","word":"herald","definition":"An official messenger bringing news; a person or thing that precedes or foreshadows what is to come.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"heraldo","language_family":"germanic","root":"hariwald","root_meaning":"army rule or army power (hari 'army' + wald 'power, rule')","root_language":"Frankish (Old Low Franconian)","root_era":"pre-1100 (Frankish), 12th century (Old French)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herald","meaning":"messenger, forerunner","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"heraud","meaning":"herald, messenger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hariwald","meaning":"army commander","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hari","meaning":"army","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-500","word":"*waldan","meaning":"to rule, to be powerful","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish (reconstructed)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harbingers","warrior","wield","general","banner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"messenger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emissary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forerunner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annoncer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"b7399526-d73d-4188-84b9-57aa96236b76","word":"herb","definition":"A plant whose leaves, flowers, or seeds are used for flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hierba","language_family":"latin","root":"herba","root_meaning":"grass, herb, fodder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰreh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herb","meaning":"aromatic plant","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"herbe","meaning":"grass, plant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"herba","meaning":"grass, herb, fodder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["herbal","herbaceous","herbage","herbivore","greenery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"botanical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greens","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"c8a13df6-4466-4131-98ac-4fa41dd6c3ff","word":"herbal","definition":"relating to or consisting of herbs.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"herbario","language_family":"latin","root":"herba","root_meaning":"grass, herb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herbal","meaning":"relating to or consisting of herbs","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"herbale","meaning":"herbal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"herbalis","meaning":"of herbs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"herba","meaning":"grass, herb","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["herb","herbaceous","herbivore","herbage","herbalist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"botanical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"herbaceous","formality":"technical"},{"word":"medicinal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"e15a9039-c011-4f63-88ae-6fd28ab14edd","word":"herd","definition":"A large group of animals, especially hoofed mammals, that live, feed, or migrate together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"horda","language_family":"germanic","root":"heord","root_meaning":"herd, flock, custody","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*k'er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herd","meaning":"a group of animals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heord","meaning":"herd, flock, custody","children":[{"era":null,"word":"herdō","meaning":"herd","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*k'er-","meaning":"to gather, collect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["herder","shepherd","hoard","horde","curd"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drove","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"d6983ff5-36cc-4057-86a1-93a1c50203da","word":"here","definition":"In or at this place or location.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēr","root_meaning":"at this place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ki-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"here","meaning":"in or at this place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēr","meaning":"in this place","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*ki-","meaning":"this, here","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["there","where","here's","hereby","herein"],"synonyms":[{"word":"this place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hither","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"2942b553-6a2a-4d24-ac8f-cf73f0546c83","word":"hereafter","definition":"From this time forward or after this point.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hereafter","meaning":"from this time forward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"here","meaning":"in this place or situation","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"after","meaning":"following in time or order","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["here","after","thereafter","hereinafter","hereby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"afterward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"henceforth","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subsequently","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"1a38e6e7-3768-44a7-81c2-7bb1180eb03e","word":"hereby","definition":"By this means; as a result of this.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"her- (here), by","root_meaning":"in this place; near","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hē₂r-, *bʰi","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hereby","meaning":"By this means; as a result of this.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"here-by","meaning":"by this means","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"her (here)","meaning":"in this place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bi (by)","meaning":"near","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["herein","hereafter","thereby","whereby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thereby","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequently","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"f6394d7d-95bb-45ad-acd5-a761393fed35","word":"herein","definition":"In this document, book, or matter.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēr, in","root_meaning":"here; in","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷi-, *en","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herein","meaning":"in this","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"here","meaning":"in this place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["here","in","thereby","wherein","hereinbefore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hereby","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in this","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"within","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"04d7a02e-f536-4466-ad4a-e47927662463","word":"heritage","definition":"Property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"herencia","language_family":"french","root":"heritage","root_meaning":"inherited property","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ghē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heritage","meaning":"inherited property","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"heritage","meaning":"inherited property","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inherit","inheritor","heredity","heirloom","disinherit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inheritance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tradition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"birthright","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"b2d7f0ab-753d-4758-82e1-c183c601ed91","word":"hermit","definition":"a person who lives in seclusion, especially for religious reasons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ermitaño","language_family":"french","root":"ἔρημος (erēmos)","root_meaning":"desert, solitary, desolate","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hermit","meaning":"a person who lives in seclusion, especially for religious reasons","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hermite","meaning":"hermit, recluse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eremita","meaning":"hermit, recluse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἐρημίτης (erēmítēs)","meaning":"one of the desert, hermit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἔρημος (erēmos)","meaning":"desert, solitary, desolate","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hermitage","hermitic","eremite","eremitic","eremitical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recluse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anchorite","formality":"literary"},{"word":"solitary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"e41af4b9-0a85-48b3-85b6-3bd0a110b6db","word":"hero","definition":"A person admired for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"héroe","language_family":"greek","root":"hērōs","root_meaning":"demigod, protector","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~800 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 BC","word":"hḗrōs (ἥρως)","meaning":"Demigod, warrior of superhuman qualities. Possibly from a root meaning protector.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hero","meaning":"A person of great courage.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"héroe","meaning":"Hero.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["heroic","heroine","heroism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"champion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warrior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"icon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"143a1027-e016-4e48-81b2-5b74362adf9b","word":"heroic","definition":"Having the characteristics of a hero or heroine; demonstrating exceptional bravery or selflessness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"heroico","language_family":"greek","root":"hērōs","root_meaning":"hero, demigod","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heroic","meaning":"like a hero","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"heroique","meaning":"heroic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"heroicus","meaning":"of a hero","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hērōikos","meaning":"of a hero","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hērōs","meaning":"hero","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hero","heroine","heroism","unheroic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courageous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valiant","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"885fdd7d-8c28-46c7-a0d4-22dbfdf83fbb","word":"heroin","definition":"A highly addictive analgesic drug, derived from morphine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"heroína","language_family":"greek","root":"heros","root_meaning":"hero","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heroin","meaning":"An addictive drug","children":[{"era":"late 19th C.","word":"Heroin","meaning":"a proprietary drug","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"heros","meaning":"hero","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German (brand name)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hero","heroic","heroine","morphine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diamorphine","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"80022bd3-b978-43fd-8e12-314d874bc758","word":"heroine","definition":"A woman admired or idealized for her courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"heroína","language_family":"greek","root":"hērōs","root_meaning":"hero, warrior, demigod","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"heroine","meaning":"a woman admired for her courage","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"héroïne","meaning":"female hero","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hērōīna","meaning":"heroic woman","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hērōs","meaning":"hero, warrior, demigod","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hero","heroic","heroism","protagonist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protagonist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"star","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brave woman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"6a04f225-e001-443b-ad21-5d8fdc1f5f3b","word":"herpes","definition":"A herpes infection is a contagious disease caused by herpes simplex viruses that often produces sores on the skin or mucous membranes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"herpes","language_family":"greek","root":"ἕρπειν","root_meaning":"to creep","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*serp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herpes","meaning":"a herpes infection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"herpes","meaning":"herpes; creeping eruption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἕρπης","meaning":"a creeping skin eruption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἕρπειν","meaning":"to creep","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["herpetic","herpesvirus","herpetology","herpetiform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cold sore","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fever blister","formality":"informal"},{"word":"herpetic infection","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"741a54b6-bf50-46da-91d0-f862835a55e4","word":"herr","definition":"A German title of respect for a man, equivalent to 'Mr.' or 'Sir.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēri","root_meaning":"lord, master, older","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*harjaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Herr","meaning":"Mr., Sir","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hēri","meaning":"older, venerable, lord","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*harjaz","meaning":"army, warrior","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"German"},"related_words":["harrier","herald","army","lord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Mr.","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Sir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentleman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"9dce2594-c3ce-456a-aad7-0e71d01eb569","word":"herring","definition":"A herring is a small silvery marine fish, especially of the genus Clupea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hēringaz","root_meaning":"herring","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herring","meaning":"a small silvery marine fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hæring","meaning":"herring","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hēringaz","meaning":"herring","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["herringbone","red herring","herring gull","herrings"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clupeid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sea herring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silver darling","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"e66fd963-e917-496d-bad4-23cfc4a0e2f7","word":"herself","definition":"Used to refer to a female person or animal previously mentioned as the object of a verb or preposition when she is also the subject of the clause.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hire + self","root_meaning":"of her + self","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seh₂y-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"herself","meaning":"reflexive pronoun for a female","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hire-self","meaning":"her + self","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hire","meaning":"of her, to her (dative/genitive of 'heo' she)","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"self","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*seh₂y-","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["himself","myself","themselves","ourselves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"personally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unassisted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"c58947b7-4baa-4d28-a07b-e36dee6ddad3","word":"hes","definition":"A surname or name variant of uncertain or family-specific origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Hess","root_meaning":"an inhabitant or name associated with Hesse","root_language":"German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hes","meaning":"a surname or variant name","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Hess / Hesse","meaning":"a surname tied to the region of Hesse","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Hess","Hesse","Hessian","Hessean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"name","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"bcd7187e-711b-41a9-a216-28b110c3cba0","word":"hesitate","definition":"To pause or hold back in uncertainty or reluctance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"hesitar","language_family":"latin","root":"haesitat-","root_meaning":"to stick fast, stammer, be irresolute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hesitate","meaning":"To pause or hold back in uncertainty or reluctance.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"haesitat-","meaning":"past participle stem of haesitare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"haesitare","meaning":"to stick fast, stammer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hesitant","hesitation","adhere","cohesive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"waver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pause","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"falter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scruple","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"d6f4c842-9b4a-45c8-80be-e4229dcb59bc","word":"hesitation","definition":"The act of pausing, delaying, or showing uncertainty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hesitación","language_family":"latin","root":"haerere","root_meaning":"to stick, cling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hesitation","meaning":"the act of pausing or showing uncertainty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"haesitatio","meaning":"hesitation, delay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"haesitare","meaning":"to hesitate, stick fast","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"haerere","meaning":"to stick, cling","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hesitate","hesitant","hesitancy","hesitative","hesitantly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indecision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wavering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reluctance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"b07bc7a4-13d3-4038-b517-8e896bf39ffa","word":"hey","definition":"An exclamation used to attract attention or express surprise.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":"imitative origin","root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hey","meaning":"exclamation to gain attention","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hey","meaning":"exclamation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hey","meaning":"exclamation, imitative","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoy","heyou","ho"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hello","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hi","formality":"informal"},{"word":"psst","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"6d35704b-c51e-4a17-a523-b591e41464df","word":"hick","definition":"A rude term for a socially unsophisticated rural person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Richard","root_meaning":"powerful ruler","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hick","meaning":"rural bumpkin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Hick","meaning":"pet name or nickname for Richard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Richard","meaning":"a personal name meaning 'powerful ruler'","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bumpkin","rube","hayseed","yokel","rustic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bumpkin","formality":"informal"},{"word":"rube","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hayseed","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"3ec0e8a5-6cd4-4a28-a213-3a53d42e443f","word":"hidden","definition":"Kept out of sight or concealed from view.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hȳdan","root_meaning":"to hide, conceal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hidden","meaning":"concealed, out of sight","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hiden","meaning":"concealed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hȳdan","meaning":"to conceal, hide","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hide","hinder","hideous","hiddenness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concealed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obscured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"secret","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"c3e392dd-59cd-4b25-8a1d-b86c75ef911f","word":"hide","definition":"To put or keep out of sight, or the skin of an animal.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hȳdan","root_meaning":"to hide, conceal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hide","meaning":"to conceal or animal skin","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hidden","meaning":"concealed","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hȳdan","meaning":"to hide, conceal","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*keudh-","meaning":"to cover, hide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hidden","hiding","hideous","hider","hideout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conceal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secrete","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"fc77400e-3830-4c73-8d07-22c19acecb06","word":"hideout","definition":"A concealed place used for hiding or sheltering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hidan","root_meaning":"to hide, conceal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hideout","meaning":"a concealed place used for hiding or sheltering","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"hide + out","meaning":"a compound formed from hide and out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hide","meaning":"to conceal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hydan","meaning":"to hide, conceal","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hide","hidden","hiding","hideaway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hideaway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refuge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retreat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"e38427fe-3f9d-4d3d-b178-26f14f82deec","word":"hierarchy","definition":"A system in which members are ranked according to relative status or authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jerarquía","language_family":"greek","root":"hierarkhia","root_meaning":"rule of a high priest","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"hierarkhía (ἱεραρχία)","meaning":"Rule of a high priest, sacred rule. From hieros (sacred) + arkhein (to lead, rule).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hierarchy","meaning":"A system of ranked authority.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"jerarquía","meaning":"Hierarchy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["hierarchical","anarchy","monarch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ranking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pecking order","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stratification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"55451721-23a2-40b8-bab3-5c8fee6652ff","word":"high","definition":"Of great vertical extent; elevated in position or status","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēah","root_meaning":"high, tall, lofty","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hauhaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"high","meaning":"elevated; of great extent upward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēah","meaning":"high, tall, lofty, proud","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hauhaz","meaning":"high","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["higher","highest","highlight","highway","high-rise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elevated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lofty","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"0816be63-90c6-423e-9ccb-9867c9cc4b1f","word":"higher","definition":"Comparative form of high; at or extending to a greater distance upward or having greater rank or degree.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hah","root_meaning":"to lift, raise","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*keuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"higher","meaning":"at greater distance upward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"high","meaning":"tall, elevated","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hah","meaning":"to lift, raise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","highest","height","highly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elevated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"greater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taller","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"bb39eeda-884f-408d-a4d6-8c1229a33df2","word":"highest","definition":"Of the greatest elevation, degree, or rank; superlative form of high.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hōh","root_meaning":"high, tall","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"highest","meaning":"of greatest elevation or rank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"high","meaning":"tall, elevated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hōh","meaning":"high","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","higher","height","highland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"topmost","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loftiest","formality":"literary"},{"word":"supreme","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"a775967b-e781-4a3a-8a6d-06c1033d6cf8","word":"highland","definition":"An area of high or mountainous land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hēahland","root_meaning":"high land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"highland","meaning":"mountainous region","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēahland","meaning":"high land","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēah","meaning":"high","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","land","lowland","upland","mountain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mountainous region","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plateau","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"015515f2-8a27-4073-84e7-50f455d7038d","word":"highlight","definition":"An outstanding part of an event or period, or to make something stand out.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"high + light","root_meaning":"elevated + illumination","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"Pre-1100 (for components), 19th century (for compound)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"highlight","meaning":"an outstanding part","children":[{"era":"c. 1150-1450","word":"high","meaning":"elevated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēah","meaning":"tall, elevated","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*h₂ewgʰ-","meaning":"to grow, increase","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"c. 1150-1450","word":"light","meaning":"illumination","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēoht","meaning":"light, brightness","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*lewk-","meaning":"light, bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","light","heighten","lighthouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"climax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standout","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"6706c0f9-7d4b-486f-ad06-842f996de82a","word":"highly","definition":"In a high degree; very much or intensely.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hōh","root_meaning":"high, of great height","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"highly","meaning":"in a high degree, very much","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"high","meaning":"of great height, elevated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hēah","meaning":"high, of great height","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*keuk-","meaning":"to swell, rise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","higher","height","highlight","highness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"very","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tremendously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greatly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"considerably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"697af48b-4a55-41b6-b73d-f7e307ba8bf4","word":"highness","definition":"The state or quality of being high, used as a title for royalty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heah","root_meaning":"high, exalted","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hauH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"highness","meaning":"state of being high, royal title","children":[{"era":"current","word":"-ness","meaning":"state, quality","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"high","meaning":"tall, elevated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heah","meaning":"tall, exalted","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*hauH-","meaning":"high, elevated","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","height","highly","hight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eminence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loftiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"89d60560-9d08-4d0a-b781-a9f1cec4ba32","word":"highway","definition":"A main road, especially one connecting towns or cities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"heahweg","root_meaning":"main road","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂euǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"highway","meaning":"A main road, especially one connecting towns or cities.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heahweg","meaning":"public road","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heah","meaning":"high","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weg","meaning":"way","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["high","way","byway","freeway","pathway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thoroughfare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"road","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motorway","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"1d1cceca-ef47-442f-a7d7-1f12d85730ff","word":"hijack","definition":"To seize control of a vehicle, shipment, or situation by force, threat, or coercion.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hijack","meaning":"to seize and take control by force or coercion","children":[{"era":"c. 1918-1922","word":"unknown origin","meaning":"probably a coinage from criminal slang; perhaps from high(way) + jack(er)","children":[],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hijacker","hijacked","hijacking","skyjack","jack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commandeer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skyjack","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"703d8f48-5a35-46e6-b8a7-afc2dc62002b","word":"hike","definition":"A long walk, especially one taken as an excursion or for pleasure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hike","root_meaning":"To move or pull with a jerk, to raise with effort.","root_language":"Dutch/Low German","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hike","meaning":"A long walk, especially one taken as an excursion or for pleasure.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"hike","meaning":"To move or pull with a jerk, to raise with effort.","children":[{"era":"1700s-1800s","word":"hijchen / hiken","meaning":"To hoist, to pull up with a jerk; to move jerkily.","children":[],"language":"Dutch / Low German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoist","hitch","hiking","hiker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"walk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ramble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tramp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"620bbdda-0adf-4c51-9a78-9eac6d1442aa","word":"hilarious","definition":"Extremely amusing, causing loud laughter.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"hilarante","language_family":"latin","root":"hilaris","root_meaning":"cheerful, lively","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hilarious","meaning":"extremely amusing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hilarius","meaning":"cheerful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hilaris","meaning":"cheerful, lively","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἱλαρός (hilarós)","meaning":"cheerful, propitious","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hilarity","exhilarate","hilar","cheer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amusing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"funny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"side-splitting","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"d970da13-25d2-4820-811b-380a8166acf1","word":"hill","definition":"A naturally elevated area of land, smaller than a mountain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hyll","root_meaning":"hill","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hill","meaning":"elevated land","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hyll","meaning":"hill","children":[{"era":"PIE","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to rise, swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hilltop","hillside","hilly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elevation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"knoll","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.506Z"}
{"id":"6c6b2cf7-69fb-4861-856f-e7ed437d4340","word":"hills","definition":"Plural of hill; elevated landforms smaller than mountains.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hyll","root_meaning":"hill","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hills","meaning":"elevated landforms","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hill","meaning":"elevated ground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hyll","meaning":"hill","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hill","hilly","hillside","hilltop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mounds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"knolls","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"0d18e5f6-3b5c-475b-b038-0516b6539b80","word":"him","definition":"The objective case of the pronoun 'he'; referring to a male person or animal.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"him","root_meaning":"him (masculine objective)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*smi- (to oneself, dative reflexive)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"him","meaning":"masculine objective pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"him","meaning":"dative/accusative of masculine pronoun","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["he","his","himself","heir"],"synonyms":[{"word":"he","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"08cb8fbf-4b00-45c5-a3cd-df9071580488","word":"himself","definition":"Used to refer to a male person or animal as the object of a verb or preposition when he is the subject.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"him + self","root_meaning":"him + self, own","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"himself","meaning":"reflexive pronoun for male","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"him-self","meaning":"him + self","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hine + seolf","meaning":"him + self","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["myself","yourself","herself","themselves","ourself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"he","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"bfd53b5c-6150-4401-8e3d-c5d9275748b4","word":"hind","definition":"Situated toward or at the rear; behind.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hind-","root_meaning":"behind","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hind","meaning":"situated toward or at the rear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English hindan","meaning":"from behind; at the back","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *hind-","meaning":"behind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["behind","hinder","hindmost","hindsight","hindward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"posterior","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"1d45375f-e549-4259-b6ba-5752562f4a15","word":"hindu","definition":"A follower of Hinduism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hindú","language_family":"other","root":"Sindhu","root_meaning":"Indus River","root_language":"Sanskrit (via Old Persian)","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Hindu","meaning":"follower of Hinduism","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"hindu","meaning":"related to India","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"Hindū","meaning":"inhabitant of India","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Sindhu","meaning":"Indus River","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["India","Indian","Hinduism","Hindi","Indus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Indian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Indic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"6103179e-4591-43f9-a2c6-7ce57d54a65e","word":"hinge","definition":"A joint or pivot on which a door, lid, or other part swings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hengen","root_meaning":"to hang; to suspend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hinge","meaning":"a joint or pivot on which something swings","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"henge","meaning":"a hinge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hengen","meaning":"to hang; suspend","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hinged","hinging","hang","hanger","hanging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pivot","formality":"technical"},{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swivel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"9136d182-fe41-45df-ad0a-9678652c7c64","word":"hint","definition":"A slight or indirect indication or suggestion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hentan","root_meaning":"to grasp, seize, take","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂em-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hint","meaning":"A slight or indirect indication or suggestion.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"hint","meaning":"to seize, take, suggest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hentan","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*h₂em-","meaning":"to take, to hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["handle","hand","hunt","handy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suggestion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tip","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"bfef32b6-7400-40d5-b0ed-1909bcbda950","word":"hip","definition":"The joint between the thigh and pelvis, or aware of current fashions and trends.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hype","root_meaning":"to throw or hurl","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hip","meaning":"pelvic joint or fashion-aware","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hip","meaning":"the joint of the thigh","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hype","meaning":"to throw or hurl","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hips","hipbone","hip-hop","hipster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pelvis","formality":"formal"},{"word":"haunch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trendy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cool","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"015f863f-429f-4098-a576-6960345020e3","word":"hippie","definition":"A hippie is a person associated with the 1960s counterculture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hip","root_meaning":"aware; fashionable; in the know","root_language":"American English slang","root_era":"1930s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hippie","meaning":"person associated with the 1960s counterculture","children":[{"era":"1930s","word":"hip","meaning":"aware; fashionable; in the know","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"*hip","meaning":"aware; up to date","children":[],"language":"English slang"}],"language":"American English slang"},{"era":"1900s","word":"-ie","meaning":"informal diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hip","hippy","hipness","hipster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bohemian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flower child","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dropout","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"0aa62300-bdec-487d-86f4-2b861520420a","word":"hire","definition":"To employ someone for wages or to obtain temporary use of something in exchange for payment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hir","root_meaning":"payment, wages","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hire","meaning":"to employ for wages","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hyre","meaning":"wages, payment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hir","meaning":"payment","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hired","hiring","hireling","hire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employ","formality":"formal"},{"word":"engage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"cc1421a2-f8d5-4270-9b02-11c4693aafe3","word":"his","definition":"Belonging to or associated with a male person or animal previously mentioned.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hīs","root_meaning":"of him","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"his","meaning":"belonging to a male person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hīs","meaning":"of him, his","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hē","meaning":"he","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hes-","meaning":"he, this one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["he","him","himself","her"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belonging to him","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"a67ad228-7fb0-42c6-9d35-74f65ecf957a","word":"hispanic","definition":"Pertaining to Spain or Spanish-speaking countries, especially those of Latin America.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"Hispano","language_family":"latin","root":"Hispania","root_meaning":"Spain (Roman name for Iberian Peninsula)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hispanic","meaning":"of or relating to Spain or Spanish-speaking countries","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hispanicus","meaning":"of Spain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Hispania","meaning":"Spain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Spain","Hispano","Español","Hispaniola"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Spanish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Iberian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Latino","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"d2a5486c-e175-4578-a17a-a72d43199f04","word":"hiss","definition":"To make a sharp, sibilant sound, like that of a snake.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hiss","root_meaning":"imitation of a sibilant sound","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hiss","meaning":"to make a sibilant sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hissen","meaning":"to hiss","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hisian","meaning":"to hiss (onomatopoeic)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fizz","buzz","whiz","sizzle","whistle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sibilate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fizz","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"057d597c-bfdd-44d4-9b75-070fa34de908","word":"hist","definition":"(Archaic) A command to be silent; hush.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hist","meaning":"command for silence","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"hist","meaning":"imitative of a soft hiss","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hush","whist","listen","quiet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shh","formality":"informal"},{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"8297f465-33d7-46dc-a70d-664bdcd35c7a","word":"historian","definition":"A historian is a person who studies or writes about history.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"historiador","language_family":"greek","root":"ἱστορία","root_meaning":"inquiry; knowledge gained by inquiry","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"historian","meaning":"a person who studies or writes about history","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"historien","meaning":"historian; chronicler","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"historien","meaning":"historian; writer of history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historia","meaning":"story; history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἱστορία","meaning":"inquiry; knowledge gained by inquiry","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*weid-","meaning":"to see; to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["history","historic","historical","historiography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chronicler","formality":"formal"},{"word":"annalist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"historical scholar","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"a8f2cd6f-3fa3-4b61-a4a4-1cac39f4cc4f","word":"historic","definition":"Famous or important in history, or likely to be so.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"histórico","language_family":"greek","root":"historia","root_meaning":"inquiry, narrative, history","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*wid-tor-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"historic","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"historique","meaning":"historic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historicus","meaning":"of history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historia","meaning":"history, narrative","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ἱστορία (historia)","meaning":"learning by inquiry, inquiry, narrative","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ἵστωρ (histor)","meaning":"one who knows, wise man, judge","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["history","historical","story","historian","prehistory","narrative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"important","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"significant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"momentous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"noteworthy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"168e1f0f-ddcc-4c4c-9b61-e5f3be884f57","word":"historical","definition":"Relating to or concerning history or past events.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"histórico","language_family":"greek","root":"historia","root_meaning":"inquiry, finding out, narrative of past events","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"historical","meaning":"relating to history","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"historic","meaning":"relating to history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historia","meaning":"inquiry, history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historein","meaning":"to inquire","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["history","historian","historic","historicity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"past","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ancient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bygone","formality":"formal"},{"word":"documented","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"d7c950e1-a449-4145-a549-35dec7eee5e7","word":"history","definition":"A chronological record of past events and developments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"historia","language_family":"greek","root":"historia","root_meaning":"inquiry, finding out, narrative","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid-tor-ya","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"history","meaning":"chronological record of past events","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"historie","meaning":"narrative, story","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historia","meaning":"inquiry, narrative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historein","meaning":"to inquire, find out","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["historian","historical","historicity","prehistory","historize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chronicle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narrative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f0a75f9f-ae1d-4876-9231-50f1bc1f64ea","word":"hit","definition":"To strike or come into contact with force; to reach or achieve something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hitte","root_meaning":"to strike; to hit","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200-1500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hit","meaning":"to strike with force","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"hitte","meaning":"to strike; to hit","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"hita","meaning":"to hit; to strike","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hitting","hitter","hits"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smite","formality":"literary"},{"word":"impact","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"604cdfe6-48fb-41e7-bed0-7175280e7d5d","word":"hitch","definition":"To fasten or attach something to something else with a rope or hook.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hik-","root_meaning":"to move with a jerk","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"Pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hitch","meaning":"To fasten or attach...","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hicchen","meaning":"to move with a jerk","children":[{"era":"Pre-1100","word":"*hik-","meaning":"to move with a jerk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hit","hitchhike","hook","catch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"47b36f2b-7891-413a-a6a0-dd0045fb9e9e","word":"hits","definition":"Plural of hit; strikes or blows, or instances of reaching or affecting something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hitian","root_meaning":"to strike or hit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hits","meaning":"plural of hit","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hit","meaning":"to strike","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hitian","meaning":"to seize or strike","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*het-","meaning":"to swing or hurl","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hit","hitting","hitter","hittable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strikes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blows","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impacts","formality":"formal"},{"word":"successes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"7dc74f94-809b-4b99-8cf9-fd506d8f95f8","word":"hiv","definition":"Human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"acronym: human immunodeficiency virus","root_meaning":"compound medical term","root_language":"English","root_era":"1980s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"HIV","meaning":"human immunodeficiency virus","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"immunodeficiency","meaning":"failure of immune system","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["AIDS","antiretroviral","immunodeficiency","retrovirus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"human immunodeficiency virus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retrovirus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"47e4280e-f717-4833-82f7-5ccd3a7bea18","word":"hmm","definition":"An interjection used to express thought, hesitation, or consideration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hmm","meaning":"expression of thought/hesitation","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["uh","um","ah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uhm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"er","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"well","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"e1b59713-169d-4d1f-bf4b-655527087a23","word":"hmph","definition":"An expression of annoyance, doubt, or mild contempt.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hmph","meaning":"an expressive grunt of annoyance or skepticism","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humph","harrumph","hmpf","hmm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"humph","formality":"informal"},{"word":"harrumph","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hmpf","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"4262cd3d-e9fa-4dfa-ad19-8c83efa02a61","word":"hobby","definition":"An activity done regularly in one's leisure time for pleasure or relaxation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hobyn","root_meaning":"small horse","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hobby","meaning":"leisure activity","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"hobby horse","meaning":"a child's toy horse","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hobyn","meaning":"small horse (diminutive of 'Hob', a familiar form of Robert)","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hobble","hobnail","hobbyhorse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pastime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"avocation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recreation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pursuit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"f82c9ea8-1974-4999-a5bb-abaa4d10f498","word":"hockey","definition":"A game played on ice or a field by two teams who try to drive a puck or ball into the opponents' goal with sticks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hoquet","root_meaning":"shepherd's crook, hook","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hockey","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hoquet","meaning":"shepherd's crook, hook","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hook","hooked","hooky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"field hockey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ice hockey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bandy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rinkball","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"eca09085-9ae4-40b1-b4db-2205e1c4a4f0","word":"hog","definition":"A pig, especially a castrated male pig raised for pork.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hogg-","root_meaning":"to cut, to hew (speculative, perhaps related to castrated animals)","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hog","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hogge","meaning":"pig, especially a castrated one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hogg-","meaning":"possibly 'to cut'","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic (uncertain origin)"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boar","sow","piglet","pork","hogwash","road hog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pig","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"bb49ca08-56e6-4480-9298-d32930f53d56","word":"hogan","definition":"A traditional Navajo dwelling, typically circular and made of earth and logs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hooghan","root_meaning":"house, home","root_language":"Navajo","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hogan","meaning":"Navajo dwelling","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"hooghan","meaning":"house, home","children":[],"language":"Navajo"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kiva","wickiup","yurt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dwelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cabin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hut","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"2aee2690-0d26-4d10-80ee-e332d425fca5","word":"hoist","definition":"To raise or lift something, especially with ropes, tackle, or mechanical means.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hijsen","root_meaning":"to hoist, raise","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hoist","meaning":"to raise or lift","children":[{"era":"late 1400s","word":"Middle English hoise / hysse","meaning":"to raise, lift","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Middle Dutch hijsen","meaning":"to hoist, raise","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoise","hoisted","hoisting","hoister","heist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"raise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"9dc8a112-4364-4edc-a235-b7ab86e0dccc","word":"hold","definition":"To grasp and keep something in one's hands or to have and maintain possession or control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"haldan","root_meaning":"to hold, tend cattle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hold","meaning":"to grasp or maintain possession","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hold","meaning":"to hold, tend cattle","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to drive, tend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["holder","holding","household","uphold","behold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clutch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"possess","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"095ab4da-33aa-4585-b21c-c1358e0290fc","word":"holder","definition":"A person or thing that holds or possesses something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"haldan","root_meaning":"to hold, possess","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kaldanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holder","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"hold","meaning":"to grasp, keep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"haldan","meaning":"to hold, possess","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kaldanan","meaning":"to hold, keep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["withhold","behold","stronghold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"owner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"possessor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"keeper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"b074bb15-58d0-402c-90b8-152fdf8f1708","word":"hole","definition":"An opening or hollow space in a solid object or surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hol","root_meaning":"hollow or cavity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hole","meaning":"opening or cavity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hole","meaning":"opening or hollow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hol","meaning":"hollow or cavity","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hollow","hole-in-one","full","wholesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cavity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aperture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"0b9ff0b3-9a0c-4bc9-a218-21229a4fbb3c","word":"holiday","definition":"A day of celebration or rest when normal activities are suspended.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"holy + day","root_meaning":"sacred or holy day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"holiday","meaning":"a sacred day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holy","meaning":"sacred, blessed","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"day","meaning":"a 24-hour period","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["holidays","holy","holiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celebration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"festival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vacation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"ab2b4ccc-f3e6-4e38-91fc-08e5498ee16d","word":"holidays","definition":"Periods of time spent away from work or school for rest or recreation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hālig","root_meaning":"holy, sacred","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hailaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holidays","meaning":"days off from work or school","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"holiday","meaning":"a holy day or day of rest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holyday","meaning":"holy day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hālig","meaning":"holy, sacred","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["holiday","holy","hallow","hallowed","wholesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vacation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recess","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"d628a3ce-6dce-46c7-9a5c-47ee3e8e7f94","word":"holiness","definition":"The state of being holy or sacred.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"halig (holy) + -ness","root_meaning":"whole, sacred (for holy)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailo- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holiness","meaning":"state of being holy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holy","meaning":"sacred","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hailagaz","meaning":"holy","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*kailo-","meaning":"whole, uninjured","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"suffix for state/quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["holy","whole","health","saint","hallow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sanctity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sacredness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divinity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"669701b6-dd09-48ea-851b-6099644ccabd","word":"holler","definition":"To shout or call out loudly, especially in an informal or rough way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holler","meaning":"to shout or call out loudly","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hollo / holla","meaning":"an attention-getting cry or call","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hollow","hollo","holla","halloo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yell","formality":"informal"},{"word":"call","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"567e6047-c309-4b6e-baf3-b4dcd1aaf1a5","word":"hollow","definition":"Having a hole or empty space inside.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"holh","root_meaning":"hollow place, cavity, hole","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hollow","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holh","meaning":"hollow place","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*hulą","meaning":"hollow","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*kel-","meaning":"to cover, conceal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hole","hull","hell","holey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"empty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vacant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concave","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"917c2216-0fc8-4a5e-951d-774b241a27c9","word":"holly","definition":"An evergreen shrub or small tree, typically having prickly dark green leaves, white flowers, and red berries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"holegn","root_meaning":"holly tree","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*huli-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holly","meaning":"An evergreen shrub or small tree, typically having prickly dark green leaves, white flowers, and red berries.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holegn","meaning":"holly tree","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*huli-","meaning":"holly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["holm","hull"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Ilex","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Christmas berry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"817c300c-681e-4a75-b795-80de6712b2cc","word":"holocaust","definition":"Destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war; also, a Jewish sacrificial offering that was burnt completely on an altar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"holocausto","language_family":"greek","root":"holos, kaustos","root_meaning":"whole; burnt","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holocaust","meaning":"mass destruction by fire","children":[{"era":"4th century","word":"holocaustum","meaning":"burnt offering","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"holokauston","meaning":"burnt whole","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"holos","meaning":"whole","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"kaustos","meaning":"burnt","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caustic","pyre","holo-","caustics","holistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annihilation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devastation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genocide","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"da51342b-4acf-4295-a795-2b1927ed9ad0","word":"hologram","definition":"A three-dimensional image produced by recording and reconstructing light interference patterns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"holograma","language_family":"greek","root":"holos + gramma","root_meaning":"whole + thing written","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hologram","meaning":"A three-dimensional image produced by recording and reconstructing light interference patterns.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"holo-","meaning":"whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"holos","meaning":"whole","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-gram","meaning":"thing written or drawn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gramma","meaning":"something written","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["holography","holographic","holographer","photogram","gram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"three-dimensional image","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reconstructed image","formality":"technical"},{"word":"interference image","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"2f0db5ba-f7fe-41d5-92e6-24efd29ff7ec","word":"holt","definition":"A small wood or grove of trees; a copse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"holt","root_meaning":"wood, grove","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hultą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holt","meaning":"small wood","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"holt","meaning":"wood, grove","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holt","meaning":"wood, grove","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hultą","meaning":"wood, grove","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wood","grove","forest","copse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woodland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"243a50e6-d428-49da-b44d-b089757a7de1","word":"holy","definition":"Dedicated or consecrated to God or a religious purpose.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"null","language_family":"germanic","root":"hālig","root_meaning":"holy, sacred","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hailagaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"holy","meaning":"sacred","children":[{"era":"pre-1200","word":"holi","meaning":"sacred","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hālig","meaning":"holy, sacred","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*hailagaz","meaning":"sacred, blessed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hale","health","whole","hallow","holiday","wholesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sacred","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consecrated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"divine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"d4ff75bf-990d-40cd-9dc9-b5e1654a25e9","word":"homage","definition":"A show of respect or tribute, often formal or ceremonial.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"homenaje","language_family":"french","root":"homo, hominis","root_meaning":"human being, man","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰéǵʰōm-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homage","meaning":"a show of respect or tribute","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French homage","meaning":"service, duty, or allegiance owed by a vassal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin homo, hominis","meaning":"human being, man","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homager","hommage","homageable","homaging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tribute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"respect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reverence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"d0bded16-627b-425d-8602-a27d93fbc6e4","word":"home","definition":"A place where one lives or resides, typically with family.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ham","root_meaning":"village or dwelling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*koim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"home","meaning":"residence or dwelling place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ham","meaning":"village or homestead","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*koim-","meaning":"to lie or rest","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homework","homeland","homely","homage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"residence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dwelling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"house","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abode","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"06a67c90-99f7-45a5-9a4a-7a6fbd53567a","word":"homecoming","definition":"An act of returning home, especially a celebratory event for alumni or a significant return.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ham","root_meaning":"dwelling, village","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tkei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homecoming","meaning":"return home","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling, village","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"coming","meaning":"arrival","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["home","come","return"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reunion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"return","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"welcome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"f1ed2b8e-7c00-4d82-bdf2-231ed26751d6","word":"homeland","definition":"A person's native country or land of origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"home + land","root_meaning":"dwelling place + territory","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homeland","meaning":"native country","children":[{"era":"current","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hām","meaning":"dwelling, village","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"land","meaning":"territory","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"territory, ground","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["native land","motherland","fatherland","country","nation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motherland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"native land","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"country","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"60faef63-e16b-4771-9f1c-1e75c0036d5e","word":"homeless","definition":"Without a home; having no place of residence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hām + -lēas","root_meaning":"without a home","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haimaz + *lausaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homeless","meaning":"Without a home","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling, residence","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*haimaz","meaning":"home","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lausaz","meaning":"loose, free from","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["home","houseless","shelterless","destitute","vagrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unhoused","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destitute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"47d97706-4c48-410b-a8cb-f2a7b29489e8","word":"homemade","definition":"Made at home rather than in a shop or factory.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"home + made","root_meaning":"dwelling, place of origin + past participle of make","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haimaz, *makōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homemade","meaning":"made at home","children":[{"era":"current","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hām","meaning":"dwelling","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"made","meaning":"past participle of make","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"macian","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homeward","homemaker","handmade","manmade","homely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handcrafted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artisanal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"homegrown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domestically produced","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"20fc576f-a02d-4758-b120-a9c694a57b7e","word":"homepage","definition":"The main web page of a website, typically serving as an entry point or index.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"home + page","root_meaning":"primary page of a website","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homepage","meaning":"main web page","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"home + page","meaning":"primary page of website","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling, residence","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["home","page","website","web"],"synonyms":[{"word":"main page","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"landing page","formality":"technical"},{"word":"index page","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"dd1f9a67-f18f-4e84-b665-754cf605fa8f","word":"homes","definition":"Places where people live; residences or dwellings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"haimaz","root_meaning":"home, village","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keym-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homes","meaning":"residences","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"haimaz","meaning":"home, village, hamlet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homely","homestead","hometown","homeless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"residences","formality":"formal"},{"word":"houses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwellings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"d00d0397-6f75-4048-afb3-ccd5795a4381","word":"hometown","definition":"The town or city where one was born or grew up.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hām","root_meaning":"dwelling, village","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*túneh₂","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hometown","meaning":"place of origin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling, village","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"town","meaning":"enclosed place, village","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*túneh₂","meaning":"enclosure, settlement","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homeland","hamlet","homebody","townspeople","downtown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"birthplace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"native town","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwelling place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"old stomping grounds","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"e066aeb8-4d84-43b3-acf7-9f48fee28dbd","word":"homework","definition":"Schoolwork that a student is required to do at home.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hām + weorc","root_meaning":"home + work","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hām- + *werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homework","meaning":"schoolwork done at home","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"home","meaning":"dwelling","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"labor, task","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["housewife","homeland","workshop","handiwork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assignment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"schoolwork","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"study","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"e8b976b3-5cb9-49d5-84a7-27316b7ebeeb","word":"homicide","definition":"The killing of one person by another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"homicidio","language_family":"latin","root":"homo caedere","root_meaning":"man to kill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*g'hom- *kae-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homicide","meaning":"The killing of one person by another","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"homicidium","meaning":"manslaughter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"homo","meaning":"man","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"caedere","meaning":"to kill","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homicidal","matricide","regicide","genocide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"murder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manslaughter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"killing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"41dcba38-302c-4aa3-91eb-51e05a765924","word":"homie","definition":"An informal term for a close friend or companion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hām","root_meaning":"home, dwelling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*haimaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homie","meaning":"close friend","children":[{"era":"current","word":"home","meaning":"one's dwelling or place of belonging","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hām","meaning":"home, village, estate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ie","meaning":"affectionate or familiar ending","children":[],"language":"English diminutive suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["home","homeboy","homegirl","homely","housemate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buddy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pal","formality":"informal"},{"word":"friend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"3ed25123-ae2f-4875-bd74-053dbf42779a","word":"homo","definition":"A human being; a a member of the genus Homo.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hombre","language_family":"latin","root":"homo","root_meaning":"man, human being","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhghem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"homo","meaning":"human being","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"homo","meaning":"man, human being","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hominid","human","homicide","homologous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"b56e518a-12e6-4091-a2b5-b5cec5711deb","word":"homosexuality","definition":"Sexual attraction, desire, or behavior between individuals of the same sex.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"homosexualidad","language_family":"greek","root":"homos + sexualis","root_meaning":"same + of sex","root_language":"Ancient Greek + Latin","root_era":"1860s","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1890s","word":"homosexuality","meaning":"sexual attraction between same-sex individuals","children":[{"era":"1869","word":"homosexual","meaning":"coined by Karl-Maria Kertbeny","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"homos","meaning":"same","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"sexualis","meaning":"of sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexus","meaning":"sex, gender","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern coinage"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homosexual","heterosexuality","bisexuality","homophobia","sexuality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"same-sex attraction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gay identity","formality":"informal"},{"word":"homoeroticism","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"96bec7ce-be99-4300-b539-1b61195d52f7","word":"honest","definition":"Truthful and sincere; free of deceit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"honesto","language_family":"latin","root":"honestus","root_meaning":"honorable, respected, distinguished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honest","meaning":"truthful","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"honeste","meaning":"respectable, honorable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honestus","meaning":"honorable, respected, distinguished","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honor","honesty","honorable","dishonest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"truthful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sincere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upright","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"3c84daa1-3d5c-45cb-92a8-17336f5252c7","word":"honestly","definition":"In an honest, truthful, or sincere manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"honestamente","language_family":"latin","root":"honestus","root_meaning":"honorable, respectable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honestly","meaning":"in a truthful manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"honest","meaning":"respectable, of good character","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"honeste","meaning":"honorable, decent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honestus","meaning":"honorable, respectable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honor","meaning":"honor, dignity","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honest","honesty","dishonest","dishonestly","honestness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"truthfully","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sincerely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"frankly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"candidly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"62f9e5be-60f6-46f9-954d-d571e984bdbd","word":"honesty","definition":"The quality of being truthful and sincere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"honestidad","language_family":"latin","root":"honestus","root_meaning":"honorable, respectable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honesty","meaning":"truthfulness","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"honesteté","meaning":"honesty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honestus","meaning":"honorable, respectable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honos","meaning":"honor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honest","honor","honorable","dishonor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"integrity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sincerity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"probity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"2086602e-232d-4721-b41a-a2525061845b","word":"honey","definition":"A sweet viscous substance produced by bees from flower nectar; also used as a term of endearment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hunig","root_meaning":"honey","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*melit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honey","meaning":"sweet bee product; term of endearment","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"hony / huni","meaning":"honey (substance and endearment emerging)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hunig","meaning":"honey","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hunagą","meaning":"honey","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*k̑oneko-","meaning":"golden-colored, honey","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honeybee","honeycomb","honeydew","honeymoon","honeyed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nectar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"darling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"informal"},{"word":"beloved","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.175Z"}
{"id":"9b9b57e5-489b-43c3-834a-d0dce83a0c0e","word":"honeymoon","definition":"a holiday or trip taken by a newly married couple.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"honey + moon","root_meaning":"sweet time + period","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honeymoon","meaning":"post-wedding holiday","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"honey","meaning":"sweetness","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"moon","meaning":"month, period","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honeycomb","moonlight","honeydew"],"synonyms":[{"word":"post-nuptial trip","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wedding trip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"9c98a07d-8111-484c-ad32-b4591496517f","word":"hong","definition":"A foreign trading establishment or mercantile house in China.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"行 (háng)","root_meaning":"row, line, business house","root_language":"Mandarin Chinese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hong","meaning":"foreign trading establishment in China","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"hong","meaning":"trading house","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"行 (háng)","meaning":"row, business house","children":[],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hongs","hong merchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trading house","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comptoir","formality":"formal"},{"word":"factory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"0ad68b0d-7082-4311-8b77-a767f040b827","word":"honk","definition":"To make a loud, harsh noise, typically characteristic of a goose or a car horn.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"honk","root_meaning":"imitative sound","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honk","meaning":"make a goose-like sound","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"honk","meaning":"imitative of a goose's cry or a horn","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoot","quack","moo","beep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"d4f71a17-0199-457b-b6ec-ee9f844d1d5a","word":"honor","definition":"High respect, esteem, or distinction accorded to a person for their character or achievements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"honor","language_family":"latin","root":"honos","root_meaning":"honor, reputation, office","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honor","meaning":"high respect or esteem","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"honour","meaning":"high respect, glory","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"honur / honour","meaning":"honor, reputation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honorem","meaning":"honor, esteem, public office","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honos","meaning":"honor, reputation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honorable","honorary","dishonor","honorific","honors"],"synonyms":[{"word":"esteem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dignity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prestige","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glory","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"668f24cb-8b3f-49a0-87ba-7b8363efced2","word":"honour","definition":"High respect; great esteem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"honor","language_family":"french","root":"honor","root_meaning":"honor, dignity, office, reputation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honour","meaning":"high respect","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"honor","meaning":"honor, dignity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honor","meaning":"honor, dignity, office","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honorable","honorary","honest","dishonor","honorific"],"synonyms":[{"word":"esteem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"respect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"integrity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"a8cbf887-493d-483e-b31e-4095d7729f2c","word":"honourable","definition":"Deserving honour or respect; worthy of esteem.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"honorable","language_family":"latin","root":"honorabilis","root_meaning":"worthy of honour","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"honourable","meaning":"deserving honour or respect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"honourable","meaning":"worthy of honour","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"honorable","meaning":"deserving honour","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honorabilis","meaning":"worthy of honour","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"honor","meaning":"honour, esteem","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman / Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["honour","honor","honourably","honorary","dishonourable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"respectable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"esteemable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"upright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtuous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"9e06cda4-26ab-440b-98d3-b0905f0f1bde","word":"hoo","definition":"An exclamation or a cry, often used to express excitement, encouragement, or to attract attention.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hoo","meaning":"exclamation, cry","children":[{"era":"16th c.","word":"hoo","meaning":"onomatopoeic cry","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ho","whoop","huzza","hurrah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whoop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yell","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"904d309a-b755-47f8-beaf-4690f428e3d7","word":"hood","definition":"A covering for the head and neck, often attached to a coat or jacket.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hōd","root_meaning":"hood, hat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hōdaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hood","meaning":"A covering for the head and neck.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hood","meaning":"hood, covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hōd","meaning":"hood, hat","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*hōdaz","meaning":"hood, hat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hat","cowl","hooded","head"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bonnet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"383144a7-10dd-4077-a190-5800c5f7802c","word":"hoof","definition":"The hard horny covering of the foot of a horse, deer, or similar animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *hōfą","root_meaning":"hoof","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hoof","meaning":"the horny covering of an animal's foot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hof","meaning":"hoof","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hōfą","meaning":"hoof","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoofbeat","hoofed","hoofing","hoofprint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"claw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"talon","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"6f1ea728-1f41-4d24-a38b-826826210e43","word":"hook","definition":"A piece of metal or other hard material bent into a curve for catching, holding, or pulling something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hoc","root_meaning":"angle, bend, corner","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hokuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hook","meaning":"A bent piece of material for catching.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hoc","meaning":"hook, angle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hokuz","meaning":"hook, angle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hooked","hooking","crochet","crooked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"catch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barb","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"ac26b159-4291-4d6f-ba43-dd360869abbd","word":"hooker","definition":"A prostitute; also, a type of fishing boat or a player in a rugby scrum.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hok","root_meaning":"something bent or curved, a hook","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hooker","meaning":"prostitute","children":[{"era":"current","word":"hook","meaning":"curved object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hoc","meaning":"hook, angle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hook","hooked","crook","angler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prostitute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courtesan","formality":"formal"},{"word":"streetwalker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"harlot","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"fc49143c-5b79-4a66-bccd-8ba6e3212611","word":"hoop","definition":"A hoop is a circular band or ring, often used to hold something in shape or as a toy or game object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hoep","root_meaning":"hoop, ring, band","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hoop","meaning":"a circular band or ring","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hoep / hoop","meaning":"a hoop, band, or ring","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch / Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hooped","hooping","hoopla","hoopoe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"df39eb6c-932c-4439-bd23-b1618dbb95bb","word":"hooray","definition":"An exclamation of joy, triumph, or encouragement.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hooray","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"hooray","meaning":"exclamation of joy","children":[{"era":"17th-18th century","word":"(uncertain origin, possibly German or Norse)","meaning":"exclamation","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hurrah","bravo","cheer","yay","huzzah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurrah","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bravo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yay","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cheers","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"ab713630-a326-4b6e-a500-1899d9c3956f","word":"hoot","definition":"To make a hooting cry, especially in scorn or as an owl.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Middle English houten/huten","root_meaning":"to shout, call out","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hoot","meaning":"to make a hooting cry, especially in scorn or as an owl","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"houten/huten","meaning":"to shout, call out","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hooter","hooting","hooted","whoot","hoot owl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jeer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"scoff","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"d0e7a647-16cf-4976-b8eb-558e21991f64","word":"hoover","definition":"To hoover means to vacuum-clean, especially in British English, often regardless of brand.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Hoover","root_meaning":"a family name and trademark","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hoover","meaning":"to vacuum-clean","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"Hoover","meaning":"the brand name of a vacuum cleaner","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"Hoover","meaning":"the surname of the company founder","children":[],"language":"English surname"}],"language":"Trademark English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoover","hoovered","hoovering","Hooverize","Hooverized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vacuum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vacuum-clean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suck up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"94b5d9f6-6586-4b2c-b217-a9dd40616c9e","word":"hop","definition":"To move by jumping on one foot; also, to jump lightly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hoppian","root_meaning":"to leap, dance","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hop","meaning":"to jump lightly","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"hoppen","meaning":"to leap, spring","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hoppian","meaning":"to leap, dance","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*hup-","meaning":"to leap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skip","jump","leap","bound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"31117e05-20f4-446b-8308-433b7967b9c2","word":"hope","definition":"A feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen; to wish or expect something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hopian","root_meaning":"to hope, expect","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hope","meaning":"expectation of something desired","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hopian","meaning":"to hope, expect, trust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hope","meaning":"expectation, trust","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hopeful","hopeless","hoping","hoped","hopelessness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expectation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aspiration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"optimism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"7ba2270a-d722-4597-ae1e-8390f95355aa","word":"hopeful","definition":"Hopeful means full of hope or likely to turn out well.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hope","root_meaning":"hope, trust, expectation","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hopeful","meaning":"full of hope or giving cause for hope","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hope","meaning":"hope, trust, confidence","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hopefulness","hopeless","hopefully","hoping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"optimistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expectant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanguine","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"6bcaa600-9455-4575-a613-ac3901ebf2ab","word":"hopefully","definition":"In a hopeful manner; it is hoped.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hopa","root_meaning":"to leap, wish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hopen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hopefully","meaning":"in a hopeful manner","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"hopeful","meaning":"full of hope","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hope","meaning":"trust, confidence","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hope","hopeful","hopeless","hoping","hopes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"optimistically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prayerfully","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"with luck","formality":"informal"},{"word":"promisingly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"72b2e35b-1378-4871-b32c-925dc4e52aac","word":"hopeless","definition":"Feeling or causing despair about something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hopa + -less","root_meaning":"to hope + without","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hup (to leap), *lausaz (loose, without)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hopeless","meaning":"feeling or causing despair","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hope","meaning":"hope","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hopian","meaning":"to hope, to leap","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hupōną","meaning":"to leap, to hope","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without, lacking","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lausaz","meaning":"loose, free from","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hope","hopeful","hopefully","despair","forlorn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"despairing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pessimistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"futile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"cd0f6e84-1e04-4402-aed1-8fe0170f0b2d","word":"hopper","definition":"A hopper is a container or machine part with a wide top and a narrow outlet that lets material flow out gradually.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hop","root_meaning":"to jump; spring","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hopper","meaning":"a container or machine part that discharges material gradually","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hoppen","meaning":"to hop; move by jumping","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hop","meaning":"to jump or spring","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hop","hopped","hopping","hopscotch","grasshopper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"funnel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feeder","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"de5ec2d2-7758-42b2-91ff-17da537baf99","word":"horizon","definition":"The line at which the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"horizonte","language_family":"greek","root":"horizōn","root_meaning":"bounding, limiting","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"horízōn (ὁρίζων)","meaning":"Bounding, limiting (circle). From horizein (to bound, limit).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"horizon","meaning":"The apparent edge of the earth.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"horizonte","meaning":"Horizon.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["horizontal","horoscope","panorama"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skyline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vista","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0cbdc825-f19a-4507-b226-7f716dcc4f76","word":"horizontal","definition":"Parallel to the horizon; at right angles to the vertical.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"horizontal","language_family":"latin","root":"horizon","root_meaning":"bounding circle, limit","root_language":"Ancient Greek (via Latin)","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*hor-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horizontal","meaning":"parallel to the horizon","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"horizontalis","meaning":"of the horizon","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"horizon","meaning":"bounding circle","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ὁρίζων (horizōn)","meaning":"bounding, separating","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horizon","horizontally","orient","aboriginal","organize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prone","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"c8af0087-f6f1-4d96-af5f-2d1a352e5d92","word":"hormone","definition":"A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hormona","language_family":"greek","root":"horman","root_meaning":"to set in motion, to urge on","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hormone","meaning":"A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"hormon","meaning":"setting in motion, urging on","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"horman","meaning":"to set in motion, to urge, to spur on","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hormonal","exocrine","endocrine","pheromone","hormesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chemical messenger","formality":"technical"},{"word":"endocrine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"regulant","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"81f939d8-ac1d-4f8f-99b0-7313e9944633","word":"horn","definition":"A hard, pointed, often curved growth on the head of some animals, typically cattle, sheep, goats, or deer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuerno","language_family":"germanic","root":"horn","root_meaning":"horn","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horn","meaning":"animal projection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"horn","meaning":"horn, trumpet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hurnaz","meaning":"horn","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ḱerh₂-","meaning":"head, horn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cornet","unicorn","cornucopia","rhinoceros"],"synonyms":[{"word":"antler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tusk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"b7f50947-291b-4b2a-9a7d-80409b17a1b0","word":"horny","definition":"Sexually aroused or excitable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"horn","root_meaning":"horn (animal appendage)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horny","meaning":"sexually aroused","children":[{"era":"current","word":"horn","meaning":"animal's horn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"horn","meaning":"horn","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*ḱerh₂-","meaning":"head, horn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horn","unicorn","cornet","corneous","horniness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aroused","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lustful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"randy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"libidinous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"274d7fdd-cf4d-45e3-83f9-b2ccd067f1bc","word":"horoscope","definition":"An astrological chart or forecast based on the positions of the heavenly bodies at a given time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"horóscopo","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek hōroskopos","root_meaning":"observer of the hour","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horoscope","meaning":"an astrological chart or prediction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle French horoscope","meaning":"astrological chart or prediction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin horoscopium","meaning":"astrological chart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek hōroskopos","meaning":"observer of the hour","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horoscopic","horoscopy","horoscopist","astrology","zodiac"],"synonyms":[{"word":"natal chart","formality":"technical"},{"word":"astrological chart","formality":"technical"},{"word":"star chart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"36ab4f18-b799-429f-8283-16247bec3f8b","word":"horrible","definition":"Causing or likely to cause horror; dreadful; extremely unpleasant.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"horrible","language_family":"latin","root":"horrere","root_meaning":"to bristle, to shudder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵʰers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horrible","meaning":"Causing horror","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"horrible","meaning":"dreadful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"horribilis","meaning":"dreadful, terrible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"horrere","meaning":"to shiver, to bristle with fear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horror","horrid","abhor","horrify","terrible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hideous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"56099542-920a-4cb6-89b4-501d6d27c86d","word":"horribly","definition":"Horribly means in a dreadful, terrible, or extremely unpleasant way.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"horriblemente","language_family":"latin","root":"horrere","root_meaning":"to bristle with fear, shudder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horribly","meaning":"in a dreadful or terrible manner","children":[{"era":"current","word":"horrible","meaning":"dreadful, terrible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin horribilis","meaning":"terrible, fearful, dreadful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin horrere","meaning":"to shudder, bristle with fear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horrible","horror","horrid","horrify","horrific"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terribly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadfully","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frightfully","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"0b525892-8ce4-4ba9-942f-41a207f28259","word":"horrid","definition":"Extremely unpleasant, dreadful, or repulsive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"hórrido","language_family":"latin","root":"horridus","root_meaning":"rough, bristly, shaggy; dreadful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵʰers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horrid","meaning":"extremely unpleasant or dreadful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"horridus","meaning":"rough, bristly, shaggy, savage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"horrēre","meaning":"to bristle, shudder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ǵʰers-","meaning":"to bristle, shudder","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horror","horribly","horrific","horridness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hideous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"69a090cf-fa8d-4dfa-a22f-a4bb01c65f5e","word":"horrify","definition":"To horrify is to fill someone with intense horror or disgust.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"horrificar","language_family":"latin","root":"horrēre","root_meaning":"to bristle; shudder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horrify","meaning":"to cause horror","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"horrifier","meaning":"to frighten greatly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"horrificāre","meaning":"to make dreadful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"horrēre","meaning":"to bristle, shudder","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horror","horrid","horrible","horrific","horrification"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appall","formality":"formal"},{"word":"terrify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frighten","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"7a9d4d83-68cc-436a-9734-149398953849","word":"horse","definition":"A large domesticated mammal with hooves, a mane, and a tail, used for riding or pulling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hors","root_meaning":"swift","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horse","meaning":"large domesticated equine animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"horse","meaning":"horse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hors","meaning":"swift animal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horses","horseman","horsepower","horseshoe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steed","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nag","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"541a279a-1f2e-4b05-a117-6de1d815acf0","word":"horseback","definition":"The back of a horse, especially the part on which a rider sits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hors + bæc","root_meaning":"horse + back","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horseback","meaning":"The back of a horse.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"horse","meaning":"A horse.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hors","meaning":"Horse.","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"Back.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bæc","meaning":"Back.","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horse","back","horseback riding","horseback rider","horseback-mounted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horse's back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equine back","formality":"formal"},{"word":"saddleback","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"b52df9dd-9db9-4038-91e9-81b865371cc2","word":"horseman","definition":"A man who rides, handles, or is skilled with horses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English horsmann","root_meaning":"horse-man","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"horseman","meaning":"A man who rides, handles, or is skilled with horses.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"horse","meaning":"horse","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"man, human being","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horsewoman","horsemanship","horseback","horse-rider"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equestrian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cavalier","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"081629ff-b61b-44d3-be12-d9efe4a3831c","word":"horsepower","definition":"A unit of power originally defined by James Watt to compare engines with the work of a horse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1805","word":"horsepower","meaning":"unit of power","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"horse","meaning":"horse","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"power","meaning":"ability to do work; strength","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["horse","power","horse-powered","powerhouse","power output"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mechanical power","formality":"technical"},{"word":"engine power","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"power rating","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"88a734a0-1b58-466d-b6de-a763d579e0b1","word":"hose","definition":"A flexible tube conveying liquid or gas; stockings or pantyhose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hausaz","root_meaning":"a covering, stocking","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kous-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hose","meaning":"flexible tube or covering for legs","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hose","meaning":"stockings, leg covering","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hausaz","meaning":"a covering","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hosiery","stockings","trousers","drawers"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tube","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pipe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stockings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tights","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"1efd5123-35b2-4807-9760-982a2d53d5ea","word":"hospital","definition":"An institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured persons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hospital","language_family":"latin","root":"hospitale","root_meaning":"of a guest or host","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghos-ti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hospital","meaning":"institution for medical treatment","children":[{"era":"1200-1300","word":"hospital","meaning":"a hospice, inn for the poor","children":[{"era":"1000-1200","word":"hospitale","meaning":"of a guest or host","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospes","meaning":"guest, host, stranger","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hospitality","hospice","hospitable","host"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clinic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infirmary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"medical center","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"18d2e61d-7d0d-4cba-aede-9a589c65395f","word":"hospitality","definition":"The friendly reception and treatment of guests and strangers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hospitalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"hospes","root_meaning":"guest, stranger, host","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghos-ti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hospitality","meaning":"friendly reception of guests","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hospitalité","meaning":"hospitality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospitalitas","meaning":"kindness to guests","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospes","meaning":"guest, host","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["host","hotel","hospital","hospice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"welcome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generosity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cordiality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"29fd7c80-5cbd-483e-90c0-d0bd3ec1ed4f","word":"hospitalize","definition":"To admit someone to a hospital for treatment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"hospitalizar","language_family":"latin","root":"hospitālis","root_meaning":"hospitable; guesthouse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hospitalize","meaning":"to admit someone to a hospital for treatment","children":[{"era":"current","word":"hospital","meaning":"a place for medical treatment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hospital","meaning":"hospital, guesthouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospitālis","meaning":"hospitable; of a guesthouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospes","meaning":"host; guest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hospital","hospitalization","hospitalise","hospitality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"admit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intern","formality":"technical"},{"word":"commit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"6f260b87-814e-4f1f-9891-e1a4e5cf67cd","word":"host","definition":"A person who receives or entertains guests; or a large number of people or things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"huésped","language_family":"latin","root":"hostis","root_meaning":"stranger, enemy, guest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghos-ti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"host","meaning":"person who entertains guests","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"host","meaning":"one who entertains","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hoste","meaning":"guest, host","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hostis","meaning":"stranger, guest, enemy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hostess","hospice","hospital","hostile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entertainer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proprietor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"keeper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"multitude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"43224c03-fb55-42a2-b134-090bd1eccbcc","word":"hostage","definition":"a person seized or held as security for the fulfillment of a condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"ostage","root_meaning":"surety, pledge","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hostage","meaning":"person held as security","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ostage","meaning":"pledge, surety","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"was","meaning":"pledge","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["host","hospitality","hotel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"captive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prisoner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pawn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"e3df3b1e-bf53-4c65-a9a1-564d20edaaa5","word":"hostel","definition":"An establishment providing inexpensive food and lodging for a specific group of people, such as students, workers, or travelers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hostal","language_family":"latin","root":"hospitalis","root_meaning":"relating to a guest or host","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰos-ti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hostel","meaning":"An establishment for lodging","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"hostel","meaning":"lodging, dwelling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospitalis","meaning":"relating to a guest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospes","meaning":"guest, host","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hotel","hospital","hospitality","host","hospice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dormitory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guesthouse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"8ffd87dd-2623-42bb-8214-e41f803872f4","word":"hostile","definition":"Showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"hostil","language_family":"latin","root":"hostis","root_meaning":"stranger, enemy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghostis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hostile","meaning":"unfriendly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hostile","meaning":"hostile, warlike","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hostilis","meaning":"of an enemy, hostile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hostis","meaning":"stranger, enemy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["host","hospitality","hostel","hostess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unfriendly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antagonistic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inimical","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"b306fae1-1cdc-4909-b519-b8110c402023","word":"hostility","definition":"Hostile behavior, feelings of enmity, or open opposition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hostilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"hostis","root_meaning":"stranger; enemy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghos-ti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hostility","meaning":"hostile behavior or feelings of enmity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hostilitas","meaning":"enmity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hostilis","meaning":"hostile, unfriendly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hostis","meaning":"stranger; enemy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ghos-ti-","meaning":"stranger, guest, host","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hostile","host","hostage","hostel","hospital"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enmity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"antagonism","formality":"formal"},{"word":"animosity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"8abac6f8-9422-479d-a136-9a334c05c609","word":"hosting","definition":"The act of providing accommodation, food, or hospitality; managing a server or website on the internet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"hospes","root_meaning":"host, guest, stranger","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghostis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hosting","meaning":"providing hospitality or server management","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"host","meaning":"provider of hospitality","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"host","meaning":"army, host","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hostis","meaning":"enemy, stranger, host","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospes","meaning":"host, guest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["host","hostess","hospital","hospice","hostile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accommodating","formality":"formal"},{"word":"providing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lodging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"server management","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"9a86c455-9f85-4f1f-8cae-9d1edd63195d","word":"hot","definition":"Having a high temperature; exciting or popular.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hat","root_meaning":"heated","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ket-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hot","meaning":"high temperature","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hat","meaning":"heated","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"ket","meaning":"to burn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hotly","hotness","hotter","hottest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"torrid","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"ee53811a-dce4-4318-8e57-64a0f05fed13","word":"hotel","definition":"A commercial establishment providing lodging and sometimes meals for paying guests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hotel","language_family":"french","root":"hôtel","root_meaning":"large house, mansion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hotel","meaning":"lodging establishment","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"hotel","meaning":"guest house","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hôtel","meaning":"mansion, residence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hospitale","meaning":"place of hospitality","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hotelier","hotels","motel","inn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lodging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accommodation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"cd3c8fe2-b91b-4809-96cc-fcdf52bba895","word":"hotels","definition":"Establishments providing lodging and services to guests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hoteles","language_family":"french","root":"hotel","root_meaning":"a residence or large house","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hotels","meaning":"lodging establishments","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"hotel","meaning":"a residence or large house","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hostel","meaning":"inn, lodging","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hotel","hotelier","hotel-keeper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inns","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accommodations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lodgings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"b8a542d4-24c8-4ea0-b359-4763ceaaad65","word":"hotshot","definition":"A person regarded as exceptionally skilled, confident, or showy, originally from military slang for a heated cannonball.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hot shot","root_meaning":"heated projectile; later a flashy or highly capable person","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hotshot","meaning":"A person regarded as exceptionally skilled, confident, or showy, originally from military slang for a heated cannonball.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"hot shot","meaning":"a heated projectile; later a person who stands out as exceptionally capable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hot","meaning":"having a high temperature","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"shot","meaning":"a projectile or discharge","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hot","shot","shoot","shooting","hot shot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whiz","formality":"informal"},{"word":"expert","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"00c56461-39ab-4f48-851d-39de255e7601","word":"hottie","definition":"An attractive person, especially one considered sexually appealing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*haitaz","root_meaning":"hot","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keHy-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hottie","meaning":"an attractive person, especially one considered sexually appealing","children":[{"era":"current","word":"hot","meaning":"sexually attractive; hot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hāt","meaning":"hot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*haitaz","meaning":"hot","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*keHy-","meaning":"hot; to heat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hot","hotness","hotter","hotty","hottie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bombshell","formality":"informal"},{"word":"beauty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"looker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"3e50e571-6123-4f35-8eb7-73c758ff35bf","word":"hound","definition":"A hunting dog or a dog of a hound breed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hundaz","root_meaning":"dog","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱwṓn","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hound","meaning":"a hunting dog","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hund","meaning":"dog","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hundaz","meaning":"dog","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ḱwṓn","meaning":"dog","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hound","bloodhound","greyhound","foxhound","hound-dog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hunting dog","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"dc447b5d-144b-4e78-9fc8-777e3b147491","word":"hour","definition":"A period of time equal to 60 minutes; one of the 24 divisions of a day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hora","language_family":"french","root":"hora","root_meaning":"hour, season, time of year","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yōr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"hour","meaning":"60-minute period of time","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"houre","meaning":"hour, time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hora","meaning":"hour, season","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*yōr-","meaning":"year, season","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["hourly","hours","hourglass","hourlong"],"synonyms":[{"word":"60 minutes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"period","formality":"formal"},{"word":"time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:07:26.830Z"}
{"id":"c8d47059-76b8-4b2b-acbc-180f45b39534","word":"hours","definition":"Periods of time equal to sixty minutes or one-twenty-fourth of a day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"horas","language_family":"greek","root":"hōra","root_meaning":"hour, season, time of day","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hours","meaning":"60-minute periods","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hour","meaning":"a unit of time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hōra","meaning":"hour, season","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hour","hourly","horoscope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"periods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spans","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"durations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"2761f289-efd5-45ba-a86e-e9a175817dac","word":"house","definition":"A building for human habitation, especially a single-family dwelling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"casa","language_family":"germanic","root":"hus","root_meaning":"house, dwelling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"house","meaning":"a building for human habitation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hus","meaning":"house, dwelling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*keus-","meaning":"to cover, hide, dwell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["housing","household","householder","housekeeper","housed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dwelling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"residence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"home","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abode","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"a273ac0c-fc57-45fc-98d6-ad3d476c70b4","word":"household","definition":"A domestic group of people living under one roof, or relating to a home and family.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":"compound of house and hold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"household","meaning":"domestic group or home","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"household","meaning":"members of a house, family","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"house","meaning":"building for dwelling","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hold","meaning":"to keep, to maintain","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["house","hold","householder","housekeeping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"family","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"home","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domestic group","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"383ca80f-ce0a-4283-bf76-996cc31a17dd","word":"housekeeper","definition":"A person employed to manage a household or perform domestic duties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hus cepan","root_meaning":"house guard","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hūsan *kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"housekeeper","meaning":"household manager","children":[{"era":"current","word":"house","meaning":"dwelling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hūs","meaning":"house","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"keeper","meaning":"one who keeps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cēpan","meaning":"to keep, guard","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["household","keeping","custodian","guardian","caretaker","domestic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"domestic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caretaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steward","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"beb38f2d-6f4a-43c4-928f-371e68d9fe1d","word":"houses","definition":"Plural of house; buildings designed for human habitation or organizations/institutions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"casas","language_family":"germanic","root":"hus","root_meaning":"house, dwelling","root_language":"Old English/Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kus- (to cover, house)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"houses","meaning":"plural of house","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"house","meaning":"dwelling, building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hus","meaning":"house, covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kus-","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["house","housed","housing","housekeeper","household"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dwellings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"homes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residences","formality":"formal"},{"word":"buildings","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"daffbb98-d8d9-4f30-b816-b6f1bc0fadad","word":"housewares","definition":"Articles for use in the home, such as kitchen utensils, dishes, and linens.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hus + waru","root_meaning":"house + goods, articles","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"housewares","meaning":"articles for the home","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"house wares","meaning":"household goods","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hus","meaning":"house","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waru","meaning":"goods, merchandise","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hardware","software","glassware","kitchenware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homewares","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domestic goods","formality":"formal"},{"word":"household articles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kitchen goods","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"4a46df21-3953-4622-bb79-32230284759c","word":"housewife","definition":"A woman whose main occupation is managing a household.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"huswif","root_meaning":"wife of a house","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hūsan *wībam","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"housewife","meaning":"A woman whose main occupation is managing a household","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"huswif","meaning":"wife of a house","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["husband","householder","homemaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homemaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matron","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"82ddc1b4-e98c-4105-86bb-5ec7506c6866","word":"housing","definition":"Accommodation or dwellings provided for people; the covering or case for machinery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"alojamiento","language_family":"germanic","root":"hus","root_meaning":"house, dwelling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"housing","meaning":"dwellings or casings","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"house","meaning":"a dwelling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hus","meaning":"house, dwelling","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["house","housed","housing-related","housekeeper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accommodation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dwellings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"8c5302a3-685d-4cc7-8de3-1ba97303524a","word":"houston","definition":"A major city in Texas, United States, named after General Sam Houston.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"Houston","meaning":"city in Texas","children":[{"era":"1837","word":"Houston","meaning":"Named after Sam Houston","children":[{"era":"1793-1863","word":"Sam Houston","meaning":"American general and politician","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Houston","meaning":"from Huston, 'Hugh's town'","children":[],"language":"Scottish surname"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Houstonian","Harris County","Houston area","Texas","Texas city"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Space City","formality":"informal"},{"word":"H-Town","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Houston TX","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Harris County seat","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"46bd0295-ae73-472a-9424-ec66a1428328","word":"how","definition":"In what way or manner; by what method or means.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hū","root_meaning":"how, in what manner","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"how","meaning":"in what way or manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hū","meaning":"how, in what manner","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*kwo-","meaning":"who, what, which","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["who","what","which","why","where"],"synonyms":[{"word":"in what way","formality":"formal"},{"word":"by what means","formality":"formal"},{"word":"what manner","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"730571f4-49b2-452d-816a-f7061c92a9e3","word":"howdy","definition":"An informal greeting, especially common in the southern United States.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"how do ye?","root_meaning":"how do you do?","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"howdy","meaning":"An informal greeting.","children":[{"era":"mid-19th century","word":"howdy","meaning":"shortening of 'how do you do?'","children":[{"era":"18th-19th century","word":"how do ye?","meaning":"A greeting.","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"American English (contraction)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hello","hi","how do you do"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hello","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hi","formality":"informal"},{"word":"greetings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"da48a527-626a-423f-941d-cdbbb0cf6d64","word":"however","definition":"Nevertheless; in whatever way or manner.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"how + ever","root_meaning":"in whatever manner","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"however","meaning":"nevertheless","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"how ever","meaning":"in whatever manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hu","meaning":"how","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["how","ever","however","whatever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nevertheless","formality":"formal"},{"word":"but","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"still","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"e5aced83-28e9-4fb6-bb73-3cd31f6e0f05","word":"howl","definition":"To make a long, doleful cry or wail, characteristic of a dog or wolf.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hawulōn","root_meaning":"to howl (imitative)","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"howl","meaning":"make a long cry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"houlen","meaning":"to howl","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hawulōn","meaning":"to howl","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoot","yell","wail","howler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"0dfdf49f-7920-4cc4-8336-eb152e154091","word":"html","definition":"HyperText Markup Language, the standard markup language for creating web pages.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hypertext markup language","root_meaning":"text with links and tags","root_language":"English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"HTML","meaning":"web markup language","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"hypertext","meaning":"text with interconnecting links","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1960s","word":"markup","meaning":"notation for encoding documents","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hypertext","markup","XML"],"synonyms":[{"word":"web markup","formality":"technical"},{"word":"markup language","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"b156327b-5b66-4975-8419-f3743c49a8d5","word":"hub","definition":"The central part of a wheel, rotating on or with the axle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hubbe","root_meaning":"block, protuberance","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hub","meaning":"central part of a wheel","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"hubbe","meaning":"block, protuberance","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hubcap","hubris"],"synonyms":[{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nexus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pivot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"5484adb1-b1ea-4771-afc6-0622fbfe1876","word":"huck","definition":"To throw or toss something suddenly and forcefully.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"huck","meaning":"to throw or toss something suddenly and forcefully","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["huck","hucked","hucking","hucks"],"synonyms":[{"word":"throw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fling","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chuck","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"9045b827-169f-4c08-9ceb-ebb39805f59c","word":"huddle","definition":"To crowd together in a tight group for warmth or secrecy, or the close cluster so formed; of uncertain origin, likely from Low German hudeln (to crowd, to do carelessly) or related to Old English hȳdan (to hide).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hudeln","root_meaning":"to crowd together, to do hastily or carelessly","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*skeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"huddle","meaning":"to crowd together; a close cluster","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"huddle","meaning":"to push together in disorder","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"hudeln","meaning":"to crowd, to act hastily","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hȳdan","meaning":"to hide, to cover","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["huddled","huddling","huddles","cuddle","cluster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cluster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congregate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bunch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"ebc74546-76ec-46cb-b622-742215337254","word":"hug","definition":"To clasp tightly in the arms, especially with affection.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"hugga","root_meaning":"to comfort, embrace","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hug","meaning":"clasp tightly with affection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hugga","meaning":"to comfort, embrace","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*hug-","meaning":"to embrace","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hugged","hugging","cuddle","embrace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embrace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cuddle","formality":"informal"},{"word":"squeeze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"efa68de7-db76-4d14-abbe-fcac76761126","word":"huge","definition":"Of very great size, amount, or intensity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"huge","language_family":"french","root":"ahuge","root_meaning":"large","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"huge","meaning":"very large","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"huge","meaning":"large, great","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ahuge","meaning":"bulky, large","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hugely","hugeness","huger","hugest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enormous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"massive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gigantic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vast","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"9d4d3128-cbb2-4179-89a1-481f815e53ae","word":"huh","definition":"An interjection used to express surprise, confusion, or a request for repetition.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"huh","meaning":"interjection of inquiry or surprise","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eh","oh","ah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"what","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pardon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excuse me","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"come again","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"9f157e95-0389-412a-9cb7-059cca16ad86","word":"hui","definition":"In New Zealand English, hui is a Māori loanword meaning a gathering, meeting, or assembly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hui","root_meaning":"gathering; meeting; assembly","root_language":"Māori","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hui","meaning":"a Māori social gathering or assembly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hui","meaning":"gathering; meeting; assembly","children":[],"language":"Māori"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["huihui","whakahui","hui-ā-iwi","hui-ā-whānau"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"bd85f1f7-f678-4945-bc53-a380f9dc7d80","word":"hulk","definition":"A large, unwieldy ship, or a large, strong, or unwieldy person or object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"holkas","root_meaning":"towboat, cargo ship","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hulk","meaning":"a large, unwieldy object","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hulc","meaning":"ship, hulk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hulcus","meaning":"cargo ship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"holkas","meaning":"towboat, cargo ship","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hull","bulky","hulking","housing","shell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"80af45d7-f649-4354-b7ba-702591dc21db","word":"hull","definition":"The main body or frame of a ship, boat, or flying boat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hulu","root_meaning":"husk, covering","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hull","meaning":"body of a ship","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hul","meaning":"husk, shell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hulu","meaning":"husk, covering","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hide","helmet","holster","kiln","shell","huddle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"casing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"body","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"baf532d3-6703-4b6c-87d1-8654e0b9aa36","word":"hum","definition":"To make a low, continuous, murmuring sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hummen","root_meaning":"to hum","root_language":"Middle Low German/Dutch","root_era":"1300s-1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hum","meaning":"To make a low, continuous, murmuring sound.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"hum","meaning":"to make a humming sound","children":[{"era":"1300s-1400s","word":"hummen","meaning":"to hum (onomatopoeic)","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German/Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hummer","humming","humbug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buzz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murmur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purr","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"ff791906-5cc0-4057-a843-366d55850a47","word":"human","definition":"A member of the species Homo sapiens, or relating to people and their characteristics.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"humano","language_family":"latin","root":"humanus","root_meaning":"man, of mankind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhghem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"human","meaning":"of mankind","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"humain","meaning":"human","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humanus","meaning":"human, man, mankind","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*dhghem-","meaning":"earth, ground","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humane","humanity","humanize","humanist","inhuman","humanism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mortal","formality":"literary"},{"word":"person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mankind","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mankind","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"bb0762c6-e857-4d4a-940a-c73e50a9a794","word":"humanitarian","definition":"concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"humanitario","language_family":"latin","root":"humanus","root_meaning":"human","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhghem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humanitarian","meaning":"concerned with human welfare","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"humanitaire","meaning":"philanthropic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humanus","meaning":"human","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["human","humanity","humanism","humane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"philanthropic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"charitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benevolent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"altruistic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"daf50fed-f442-47e9-8c1f-5dd7d314ceb5","word":"humanity","definition":"The human race collectively, or the quality of being humane.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"humanidad","language_family":"latin","root":"humanitas","root_meaning":"human nature, kindness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhghem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humanity","meaning":"human race, humaneness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"humanité","meaning":"human nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humanitas","meaning":"human nature, kindness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humanus","meaning":"human","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["human","humane","inhumane","humankind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mankind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humanness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compassion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"c16a2885-cf86-44a3-a15a-61ca9ee64079","word":"humble","definition":"Having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's own importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"humilde","language_family":"latin","root":"humilis","root_meaning":"low, lowly, from the ground","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰǵʰem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humble","meaning":"Modest or lowly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"humble","meaning":"lowly, meek","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"humle","meaning":"humble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humilis","meaning":"low, lowly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humility","humiliate","humus","inhumane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"modest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unassuming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lowly","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"550e8bee-92f4-49bd-83f4-9d0f281006ac","word":"humidity","definition":"The quantity of water vapor present in a particular volume of air or other gas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"humedad","language_family":"latin","root":"humidus","root_meaning":"moist, damp","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humidity","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th Century","word":"humidité","meaning":"moisture","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"humiditas","meaning":"moisture, dampness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humidus","meaning":"moist, damp","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humid","humidor","humor","humus","exhumation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dampness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moisture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mugginess","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wetness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"e92e10f1-ab05-4937-9f95-df2f611bc766","word":"humiliate","definition":"To cause (someone) to feel ashamed and to lose respect for himself or herself.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"humillar","language_family":"latin","root":"humilis","root_meaning":"low, humble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰgʰem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humiliate","meaning":"to cause to feel ashamed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humiliātus","meaning":"humbled (past participle of humiliare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humiliare","meaning":"to humble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humilis","meaning":"low, humble","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humble","humanity","humus","humiliation","exhume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abase","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mortify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"degrade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"ea8b990a-ff1a-44b2-b92a-3bccc9d30c78","word":"humiliation","definition":"The act of humbling or abasing, or the state of being humbled or abased.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"humillación","language_family":"latin","root":"humilis","root_meaning":"humble, low, lowly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰéǵʰōm","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humiliation","meaning":"The act of humbling or abasing","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"humiliate","meaning":"to make humble","children":[{"era":"null","word":"humilier","meaning":"to humble","children":[{"era":"null","word":"humiliare","meaning":"to humble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humilis","meaning":"low, humble","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*dʰéǵʰōm","meaning":"earth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humble","humility","humiliate","humus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"degradation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mortification","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"2cdf3fa3-4e86-414f-b5f8-0df5ad2ca1ba","word":"humility","definition":"Humility is the quality of being modest and not thinking too highly of oneself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"humildad","language_family":"latin","root":"humilis","root_meaning":"low, lowly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhghem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humility","meaning":"quality of being modest and not thinking too highly of oneself","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"humilité","meaning":"humility","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humilitas","meaning":"humility","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humilis","meaning":"low, lowly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humus","meaning":"ground, earth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humble","humility","humiliate","humus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"modesty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meekness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lowliness","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"4de82d85-2211-4dff-b7e5-37d3b71741fb","word":"humor","definition":"The quality of being amusing or comic, especially as expressed in literature or speech.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"humor","language_family":"latin","root":"humor","root_meaning":"moisture, fluid, temper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humor","meaning":"the quality of being amusing","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"humour","meaning":"fluid, liquid; disposition, temper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"humor","meaning":"moisture, fluid, temper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humorous","humid","fluid","temperament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comedy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amusement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"bb4ac853-fc0b-423d-8bbc-bed4d45e2904","word":"humour","definition":"The quality of being amusing or comical.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"humor","language_family":"latin","root":"umor","root_meaning":"moisture, fluid","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"humour","meaning":"the quality of being amusing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"humor","meaning":"fluid, disposition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"umor","meaning":"moisture, fluid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["humid","moisture","liquid","humorist","humorous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comedy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drollery","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"5d54127b-0905-42f1-9ede-8fd83aa67d27","word":"humphrey","definition":"A male given name of Germanic origin, meaning 'peaceful warrior'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Hunfrid","root_meaning":"bear-peace","root_language":"Old German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Humphrey","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Hunfrid","meaning":"bear-peace","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hun","meaning":"bear cub","children":[],"language":"Old German"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"frithu","meaning":"peace","children":[],"language":"Old German"}],"language":"Old German"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["Godfrey","Alfred","Winifred","Jeffrey"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"84332ec1-8aed-4566-af1d-747a6915e570","word":"hunch","definition":"To raise one's shoulders and bend the top of one's body forward.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hunch","meaning":"To raise one's shoulders and bend the top of one's body forward","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hump","crouch","slouch","squat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crouch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"b817b2ee-4dca-4ef3-b70e-eaf46bccaad6","word":"hundred","definition":"The number equivalent to the product of ten and ten; one more than ninety-nine.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hundrad","root_meaning":"hundred","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ḱm̥tóm","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hundred","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hundrad","meaning":"hundred","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hundaradą","meaning":"hundred","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thousand","score","dozen","decimal","cent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"century","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"C","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"aaab329d-699b-425f-8495-2ecdd36ef2a1","word":"hunger","definition":"A feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hungor","root_meaning":"hunger","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hungruz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hunger","meaning":"A feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hungor","meaning":"hunger","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*hungruz","meaning":"hunger","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hungry","hungrily","famish","famine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"starvation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appetite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emptiness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"b3740f60-02df-4d39-890d-57361f4cc9bb","word":"hungry","definition":"Feeling or showing a need for food; having a strong desire for something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hungrig","root_meaning":"hungry, feeling hunger","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kenkʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hungry","meaning":"feeling hunger; craving","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hungrig","meaning":"hungry","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"hungruz","meaning":"hungry","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kenkʰ-","meaning":"to suffer, to be in want","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hunger","hungrily","hungered","hunger-strike","ravenous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"famished","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ravenous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"starving","formality":"informal"},{"word":"esurient","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"cfe143ad-f4e6-402b-9e63-83c8178e47f5","word":"hunk","definition":"A hunk is a large solid piece of something, and in informal use a very attractive man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hunk","meaning":"a large solid piece of something; an attractive man","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hunky","hunkiness","hunks","hunking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stud","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"17ce8f90-63d1-498e-9873-95fdaec1f7ad","word":"hunt","definition":"To pursue and kill (wild animals) for sport or food.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"huntian","root_meaning":"to hunt, chase","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*khunth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hunt","meaning":"To pursue and kill animals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"huntian","meaning":"to hunt, chase","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*khunth-","meaning":"to chase, to capture","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hunter","huntsman","kennel","venison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pursue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"02127429-df90-4938-81df-068db20aa680","word":"hunter","definition":"A person or animal that pursues and kills wild animals for food or sport.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hunt","root_meaning":"to pursue game","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hunter","meaning":"one who hunts","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hunt","meaning":"to pursue game","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*kend-","meaning":"to catch, seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hunt","hunting","hunted","huntsman","huntress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sportsman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pursuer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tracker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"01d8fe19-4f5d-4e61-8cec-d5102fb9a28e","word":"hup","definition":"An interjection used as a call, cue, or urging cry, especially in marching or coordinated movement.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hup","meaning":"an urging or rhythmic call","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hup","hup-up","hup-two","huping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hey","formality":"informal"},{"word":"come on","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"fa54b5d2-fec9-4336-a70f-bbdbded421b8","word":"hurrah","definition":"An exclamation used to express triumph, approval, or encouragement.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"huzza","root_meaning":"a shout of exultation or encouragement","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hurrah","meaning":"an exclamation of triumph, approval, or encouragement","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"huzza","meaning":"a sailor's shout of exaltation, encouragement, or applause","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["huzza","huzzah","hooray","hurray","hurroo","rah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hooray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hurray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"huzzah","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"af2d5c87-63e7-4273-b3ab-53d7e96a788a","word":"hurricane","definition":"A tropical storm with violent winds, especially in the Caribbean.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"huracán","language_family":"other","root":"huracán","root_meaning":"center of the wind","root_language":"Taíno","root_era":"~1000 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1550s","word":"hurricane","meaning":"Tropical cyclone.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"huracán","meaning":"Violent tropical storm.","children":[{"era":"~1000 AD","word":"huracán","meaning":"Storm god of the Taíno people.","language":"Taíno"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["cyclone","typhoon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cyclone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tempest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"storm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"47e4a31c-68c7-4d46-a7f9-8010d361e7fa","word":"hurry","definition":"To move or act with great haste.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hurien","root_meaning":"to rush","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hurry","meaning":"to move or act with great haste","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"hurien","meaning":"to rush","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hurried","hurrier","hurriedly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scurry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"bae31b7c-e8c5-43c1-b25f-97dccd476a3d","word":"hurt","definition":"To cause pain or injury to (a person, animal, or part of the body).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"hurter","root_meaning":"to strike, to hit, to injure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hurt","meaning":"To cause pain or injury.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hurter","meaning":"to strike, to hit, to injure","children":[{"era":"before 800s","word":"*hurtan","meaning":"to strike, to ram","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hurting","hurtful","injure","wound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"injure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"7630c7b3-5a67-4f4d-ae30-2fdf84dc8f74","word":"hurtful","definition":"Causing emotional pain, distress, or offence to someone.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"hurter","root_meaning":"to knock against, collide, push violently","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hurtful","meaning":"causing emotional or physical pain","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"hurtful","meaning":"causing harm or injury (-ful from Old English -full)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hurten","meaning":"to hurt, knock, strike","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"hurter","meaning":"to knock against, collide","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hurt (ram)","meaning":"ram (animal); force used to batter","children":[],"language":"Frankish / Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hurt","unhurt","hurtle","hurtfully","hurtfulness","unhurtful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"injurious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wounding","formality":"literary"},{"word":"cutting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upsetting","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"0c9437d0-50f1-4bea-82d0-5828df07a511","word":"husband","definition":"A married man; a spouse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"hūsbōnda","root_meaning":"master of a house","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"husband","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"husbonde","meaning":"master of a house","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hūsbōndi","meaning":"master of a house, householder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hūs","meaning":"house","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bōndi","meaning":"occupier, dwelling","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["house","home","bond","husbandman","housewife","husbandry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spouse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consort","formality":"formal"},{"word":"man","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"62974b27-8a17-4869-a36d-a2c8965d8ecd","word":"hush","definition":"A sudden or complete silence.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hush","meaning":"A sudden or complete silence","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"hush","meaning":"imitative of a shushing sound or action","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quiet","silent","shush","silence","calm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shush","formality":"informal"},{"word":"silence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stillness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"63df727b-4fc5-4e82-bf1a-9284443fa998","word":"hustle","definition":"To push, shove, or jostle roughly. Also, to obtain something by forceful action or persuasion.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hutselen","root_meaning":"to shake, toss","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hustle","meaning":"to push or obtain forcefully","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"hustle","meaning":"to shake, push roughly","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hutselen","meaning":"to shake, toss, jolt","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hustler","hasty","haste","hoist","bustle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bustle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scurry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"push","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"a42d27ab-7958-4aa5-b809-756b64d79486","word":"hut","definition":"A small, simple dwelling or shelter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hutte","root_meaning":"hut","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hut","meaning":"A small, simple dwelling or shelter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hytte","meaning":"hut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hutte","meaning":"hut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hutte","meaning":"hut","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cabin","hovel","shed","shanty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cabin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"173d05f5-ca4a-4dc2-8859-f23290ad68e4","word":"hybrid","definition":"A thing made by combining two different elements; a mixture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"híbrido","language_family":"latin","root":"hybrida","root_meaning":"offspring of a tame sow and a wild boar; a mixed breed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hybrid","meaning":"A thing made by combining two different elements","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hybrida","meaning":"offspring of a tame sow and a wild boar, mixed breed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cross","blend","mixture","combine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crossbreed","formality":"technical"},{"word":"composite","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"fbe5261d-671b-4460-8ccf-415cbabf6866","word":"hydra","definition":"A many-headed serpent monster from Greek myth, especially one whose heads regrow when cut off.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hidra","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek hýdōr","root_meaning":"water","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wódr̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hydra","meaning":"a many-headed serpent monster","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hydra","meaning":"a water serpent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hýdōr","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin/Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hydrous","hydrate","hydraulic","hydrogen","hydration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"serpent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dragon","formality":"literary"},{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"cf93245f-d7c8-405e-88d2-fdae1c834e87","word":"hydraulic","definition":"Pertaining to or operated by the pressure of a fluid, especially water, in motion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"hidráulico","language_family":"greek","root":"hydraulikos","root_meaning":"of a water organ","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hydraulic","meaning":"Operated by the pressure of a fluid.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"hydraulique","meaning":"pertaining to hydraulics","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"hydraulicus","meaning":"of hydraulics","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hydraulikos","meaning":"of a water organ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hydōr","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"aulos","meaning":"pipe","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hydro","hydra","aquatic","duct","pneumatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fluid-powered","formality":"technical"},{"word":"water-driven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pressure-actuated","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"a1e4280b-39d6-4cc2-82f3-90a37b759bfc","word":"hydrocodone","definition":"A semi-synthetic opioid derived from codeine, used as an analgesic and antitussive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hidrocodona","language_family":"greek","root":"hudōr + kōdeia","root_meaning":"water + poppy head","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"1920s (coined)","proto_root":"*wed- (for hydro), *kod- (for codeia, indirectly)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hydrocodone","meaning":"opioid drug","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"hydro-","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Greek (prefix)"},{"era":"1832","word":"codeine","meaning":"alkaloid from poppy","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"kōdeia","meaning":"poppy head","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French (from Greek)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hydrogen","hydrate","codeine","morphine","analgesic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opioid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"painkiller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narcotic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"e2ca1f14-db32-4b6c-a683-ba8196791548","word":"hydrogen","definition":"A colorless, odorless, flammable gaseous element, the lightest of all known elements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hidrógeno","language_family":"greek","root":"hydro genes","root_meaning":"water-forming","root_language":"Greek (coined by French chemists)","root_era":"1787","proto_root":"*wed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hydrogen","meaning":"A colorless, odorless, flammable gaseous element, the lightest of all known elements.","children":[{"era":"1787","word":"hydrogène","meaning":"water-forming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hydro-","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-gen","meaning":"producing","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French (coined by Lavoisier)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hydrate","hydra","generation","genesis","oxygen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"H₂","formality":"technical"},{"word":"element number 1","formality":"technical"},{"word":"protium","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"78b26408-1843-4d73-aa21-36af847efb3a","word":"hygiene","definition":"Conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"higiene","language_family":"greek","root":"hugieinē (tekhnē)","root_meaning":"(art) of health","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":"*h₁yug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hygiene","meaning":"practices for health","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"hygiène","meaning":"hygiene","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hygieina","meaning":"hygiene","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hugieinē (tekhnē)","meaning":"(art) of health","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["healthy","hygienic","Hygeia","salubrious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sanitation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleanliness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prophylaxis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"e8946fe4-aef3-45c9-8244-9e81566ae4e7","word":"hymn","definition":"A religious or formal song of praise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"himno","language_family":"greek","root":"Ancient Greek ὕμνος","root_meaning":"song; hymn","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hymn","meaning":"a religious or formal song of praise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English ymne","meaning":"hymn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English ymen","meaning":"hymn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin hymnus","meaning":"hymn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ancient Greek ὕμνος","meaning":"song; hymn","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hymnal","hymnic","hymnody","hymnbook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anthem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psalm","formality":"literary"},{"word":"canticle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"28832034-d320-46e3-8207-6e5012cbf04c","word":"hypnosis","definition":"A sleep-like state of heightened focus and suggestibility induced by suggestion or relaxation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hipnosis","language_family":"greek","root":"ὕπνος (hypnos)","root_meaning":"sleep","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hypnosis","meaning":"a sleep-like state of suggestibility","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"hypno- + -osis","meaning":"sleep + condition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hypno-","meaning":"sleep","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hypnos","meaning":"sleep","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-osis","meaning":"condition or process","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hypnotic","hypnotize","hypnotism","hypnotherapy","hypnotherapist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mesmerism","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"suggestion","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"05a95a11-0f9e-42f5-ba7f-78740fb1e57a","word":"hypocrisy","definition":"Hypocrisy is pretending to have beliefs, virtues, or feelings that one does not really have.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hipocresía","language_family":"greek","root":"Ancient Greek ὑπόκρισις","root_meaning":"answer; stage acting; pretense","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hypocrisy","meaning":"pretending to have virtues or beliefs one does not have","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ipocrisie","meaning":"hypocrisy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ypocrisie","meaning":"hypocrisy","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"hypocrisis","meaning":"hypocrisy, pretense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὑπόκρισις (hupókrisis)","meaning":"answer; stage acting; pretense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai)","meaning":"I answer, play a part, dissemble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὑπό (hupó) + κρίνω (krínō)","meaning":"under + I judge, decide","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hypocrite","hypocritical","hypocritically","hypocriticism","hypocrisies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pretense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insincerity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duplicity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pharisaism","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"02ce6da4-4736-4180-8ec2-7ba8b84d124d","word":"hypocrite","definition":"A person who pretends to have virtues, moral or religious beliefs, principles, etc., that he or she does not actually possess.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hipócrita","language_family":"greek","root":"hypokrites","root_meaning":"actor, stage player","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hypocrite","meaning":"one who feigns virtue","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hypocrite","meaning":"hypocrite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hypocrita","meaning":"an actor, dissembler","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hypokrites","meaning":"an actor, stage player","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hypokrinesthai","meaning":"to play a part, pretend","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hypocrisy","hypocritical","critic","crisis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deceiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phony","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pharisee","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"664ec803-b354-4bb0-803f-b0d1804875c0","word":"hypothesis","definition":"A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hipótesis","language_family":"greek","root":"hypothesis","root_meaning":"a placing under, foundation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"hypóthesis (ὑπόθεσις)","meaning":"A placing under, base, supposition. From hypo- (under) + thesis (a placing).","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"hypothesis","meaning":"A tentative explanation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"hipótesis","meaning":"Hypothesis.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["hypothetical","hypothesize","thesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"theory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conjecture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assumption","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"c27fc273-5087-4e59-99d9-3ecc1f988483","word":"hypothetical","definition":"Of, based on, or serving as a hypothesis.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"hipotético","language_family":"greek","root":"hypothesis","root_meaning":"supposition, foundation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hypothetical","meaning":"based on a hypothesis","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hypothétique","meaning":"hypothetical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hypotheticus","meaning":"hypothetical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὑποθετικός (hypothētikos)","meaning":"subordinate, conditional","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὑπόθεσις (hypothesis)","meaning":"supposition, foundation","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hypothesis","thesis","synthetic","antithesis","theme"],"synonyms":[{"word":"theoretical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speculative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conjectured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supposed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"2825e94a-e92a-4ba1-8150-b812770e2f75","word":"hysteria","definition":"Hysteria is an extreme state of uncontrollable emotion or excitement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"histeria","language_family":"greek","root":"ὑστέρα","root_meaning":"womb","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hysteria","meaning":"an extreme state of uncontrollable emotion or excitement","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"hysteria","meaning":"medicalized condition named from the womb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hystericus","meaning":"hysterical; suffering in the womb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὑστερικός","meaning":"hysterical; suffering in the womb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὑστέρα","meaning":"womb","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hysteric","hysterical","hysterics","hysterectomy","hysterotomy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"panic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frenzy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mania","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"a98cce4b-0df3-423e-acfd-e804e3a0c507","word":"hysterical","definition":"Deriving from or affected by uncontrolled extreme emotion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"histérico","language_family":"greek","root":"hystera","root_meaning":"womb","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"hysterical","meaning":"Deriving from or affected by uncontrolled extreme emotion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"hysterica","meaning":"of the womb, suffering in the womb","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"husterikos","meaning":"suffering in the womb","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hystera","meaning":"womb","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hysteria","hysterectomy","hysterics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frantic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frenzied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncontrolled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"f0516594-b2b5-4ebb-b156-538c365fa69f","word":"ibm","definition":"International Business Machines Corporation, a multinational technology company.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1911","word":"IBM","meaning":"International Business Machines","children":[{"era":"1911","word":"International Business Machines Corporation","meaning":"founded as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["computer","technology","corporation","brand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Big Blue","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"2e6c7ae3-aa2a-4163-a6cd-624b8c962d8f","word":"ice","definition":"Frozen water, typically in a solid crystalline form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"īs","root_meaning":"ice","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂eiǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ice","meaning":"frozen water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ice","meaning":"ice","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"īs","meaning":"ice","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["icy","icing","icicle","iceberg","icebreaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frozen water","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glaciation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"fdad131e-cd97-44a3-9191-70484a74c737","word":"iceberg","definition":"A large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier or ice shelf.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Dutch ijsberg","root_meaning":"ice mountain","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"iceberg","meaning":"a large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier or ice shelf","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"ijsberg","meaning":"ice mountain; iceberg","children":[{"era":"Old Dutch","word":"ijs","meaning":"ice","children":[],"language":"Dutch"},{"era":"Old Dutch","word":"berg","meaning":"mountain, hill","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ice","berg","icecap","icefield","icebound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"berg","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ice mountain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"floating ice mountain","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"434542a1-036a-46f0-812e-1dea99d61f96","word":"icon","definition":"A symbol, representation, or image that represents something or someone of significance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"icono","language_family":"greek","root":"eikon","root_meaning":"image, likeness, picture","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"icon","meaning":"Symbol or representation","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"icon","meaning":"religious image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eikon","meaning":"image, likeness, picture","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["iconic","iconography","iconoclast","icons"],"synonyms":[{"word":"symbol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"emblem","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"045b8f00-3e6c-4ff5-9bf7-bcf78f546da3","word":"iconic","definition":"Widely recognized as a definitive symbol or representative example of a particular quality, era, or cultural moment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"icónico","language_family":"greek","root":"eikōn","root_meaning":"image, likeness, portrait","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"iconic","meaning":"emblematic, widely recognized as symbolic","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"iconic","meaning":"of or relating to an icon or devotional image","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"iconicus","meaning":"pertaining to images","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eikōn","meaning":"image, likeness, portrait, representation","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["icon","iconography","iconoclast","iconoclastic","iconism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emblematic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"symbolic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legendary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"archetypal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"5ff627d0-ec69-42cb-80f8-4af5407f16e1","word":"icy","definition":"Cold, frosty, or covered with ice.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"īs","root_meaning":"ice","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁eyH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"icy","meaning":"cold or covered with ice","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ice + -y","meaning":"adjectival formation from ice","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"īs","meaning":"ice","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*īs","meaning":"ice","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*īsą","meaning":"ice","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*h₁eyH-","meaning":"ice; frost","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ice","iciness","icily","icebox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frosty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frigid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"glacial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"cd781f94-6c18-4eeb-b83d-4d3033e78deb","word":"ide","definition":"A freshwater fish of the carp family, found in northern Europe and Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"id","root_meaning":"ide (fish)","root_language":"Swedish","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ide","meaning":"a freshwater fish","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"id","meaning":"ide (fish)","children":[],"language":"Swedish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fish","ichthyology","aquatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"golden orfe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"orfe","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"bdc83744-6361-4f36-b374-c71d40834b2e","word":"idea","definition":"A thought, suggestion, or mental image of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"idea","language_family":"greek","root":"idea","root_meaning":"form, appearance, kind","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"idea","meaning":"a thought or mental image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idea","meaning":"form, appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idea","meaning":"form, appearance, kind","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*wid-","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ideal","ideate","ideology","idée"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thought","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concept","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conception","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"7f605293-fd41-425e-8f40-33e4679245a9","word":"ideal","definition":"Existing only in the mind or imagination; perfect or most suitable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ideal","language_family":"latin","root":"idea","root_meaning":"form, appearance, image","root_language":"Greek via Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid- (to see)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ideal","meaning":"perfect, existing in mind only","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"ideal","meaning":"existing in idea or imagination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idealis","meaning":"of or pertaining to ideas","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idea","meaning":"form, image, appearance","children":[],"language":"Greek via Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["idea","idealism","idealize","ideally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perfect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"optimal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exemplary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"89bc9454-638c-4473-a44f-75c5b8931bcc","word":"ideas","definition":"Thoughts, concepts, or mental representations of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"idea","language_family":"greek","root":"idea","root_meaning":"form, pattern, appearance","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ideas","meaning":"mental concepts or thoughts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idea","meaning":"form, appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idéa","meaning":"form, appearance, concept","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ideal","ideology","identical","idiom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concepts","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thoughts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"4994bcf2-64a7-4b49-b6ba-969a791a05b3","word":"identical","definition":"Exactly alike; in every respect the same.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"idéntico","language_family":"latin","root":"identicus","root_meaning":"identical","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"identical","meaning":"Exactly alike; in every respect the same.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"identicus","meaning":"identical","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["identity","identify","idempotent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"same","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indistinguishable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"2ff0f020-7123-43c8-aab5-afa45d9c2e12","word":"identification","definition":"The action or process of identifying someone or something or the fact of being identified.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"identificación","language_family":"latin","root":"idem","root_meaning":"the same","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*i-dhem","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"identification","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"identify","meaning":"to make identical","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"identificare","meaning":"to make identical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idem","meaning":"the same","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["identify","identity","identical","identifiable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recognition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confirmation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verification","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"660933e6-cb80-4262-bd5d-5ae3ca73cc49","word":"identified","definition":"Recognized or established the identity of someone or something; determined or ascertained.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"identificado","language_family":"latin","root":"identificare","root_meaning":"to make identical","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"identified","meaning":"recognized or ascertained identity","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"identify","meaning":"to make identical, recognize","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"identificare","meaning":"to make identical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idem","meaning":"the same","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["identify","identification","identifier","identity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recognized","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"determined","formality":"formal"},{"word":"established","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pinpointed","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"6d81d82a-9bae-462a-a423-006cbc542ec0","word":"identifier","definition":"A name or symbol that identifies something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"identificador","language_family":"latin","root":"identificare","root_meaning":"to identify","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*h₂eíds-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"identifier","meaning":"A name or symbol that identifies","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"identify","meaning":"to ascertain the identity of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"identificer","meaning":"to make the same","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idem","meaning":"same","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["identify","identity","identification","identical","identification"],"synonyms":[{"word":"label","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"1db3e1ec-0f05-431d-93df-16f2c2d73721","word":"identify","definition":"To establish or indicate who or what someone or something is.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"identificar","language_family":"latin","root":"idem","root_meaning":"the same","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"identify","meaning":"to establish who or what something is","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"identification","meaning":"act of identifying","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"identificare","meaning":"to make the same","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idem + facere","meaning":"same + to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["identification","identifier","identical","identity","identifiable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recognize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"determine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pinpoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"name","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"64f79d22-11e5-43f4-9e5e-915698dafa59","word":"identity","definition":"The characteristics determining who or what someone or something is.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"identidad","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin identitas","root_meaning":"sameness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"identity","meaning":"state of being someone or something","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"identité","meaning":"sameness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"identitas","meaning":"sameness, quality of being identical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idem","meaning":"the same","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["identify","identical","identification","identity card"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persona","formality":"formal"},{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"b1f64f03-9aae-4159-951e-e6d587caa88e","word":"ideology","definition":"Ideology is a system of ideas or beliefs, especially one that shapes political or social outlook.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ideología","language_family":"greek","root":"ἰδέα","root_meaning":"form, appearance, idea","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ideology","meaning":"system of ideas or beliefs","children":[{"era":"late 1700s","word":"idéologie","meaning":"science or study of ideas","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἰδέα (idéa)","meaning":"form, appearance, idea","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"late 1700s","word":"-logie","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ideal","idea","idealist","ideological","ideologue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doctrine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"creed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"belief system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"philosophy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"b74f6688-8938-4e95-8d64-656b7e698fd4","word":"idiot","definition":"A foolish or stupid person, or, historically, a person lacking professional skill or knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"idiota","language_family":"greek","root":"idiōtēs","root_meaning":"private person, layman, person lacking skill","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"idios","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"idiot","meaning":"a foolish person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idiota","meaning":"unskilled person, ignorant person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idiōtēs","meaning":"private person, layman, person lacking professional skill or knowledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idios","meaning":"one's own","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["idiosyncrasy","idiom","id"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nitwit","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dunce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"22711fa2-9694-42c7-91d7-2e7a8ceae199","word":"idiotic","definition":"Idiotic means extremely foolish or stupid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"idiota","language_family":"greek","root":"idiōtēs","root_meaning":"private person; unskilled person; layman","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*s(w)e-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"idiotic","meaning":"extremely foolish or stupid","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"idiot + -ic","meaning":"formed from idiot with the adjective suffix -ic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"idiōtēs","meaning":"a private person; an unskilled or unprofessional person","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["idiot","idiom","idiosyncrasy","idiomatic","idiosyncratic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stupid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foolish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"asinine","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"86607cf4-80a6-4df3-a2c0-841e4b170fd0","word":"idle","definition":"Avoiding work; lazy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"idel","root_meaning":"empty, useless, vain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*īþalaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"idle","meaning":"Avoiding work; lazy.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"idel","meaning":"empty, useless, vain, without purpose","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["idleness","idly","idles","idle away"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lazy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inactive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unoccupied","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"02f13a34-2ff7-48f9-8db1-53f2a81f780e","word":"idol","definition":"An image or representation of a god used as an object of worship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ídolo","language_family":"french","root":"idole","root_meaning":"image, figure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"idol","meaning":"An image or representation of a god used as an object of worship.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"idole","meaning":"image, figure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eidōlon","meaning":"image, phantom","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["idolatry","eidolon","idyllic","idolatrous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"icon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"e1ae6fd3-ab8a-4435-af46-9b3be3183e1a","word":"ignition","definition":"the act or process of igniting or catching fire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ignición","language_family":"latin","root":"ignis","root_meaning":"fire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁n̥gʷnis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ignition","meaning":"the act or process of igniting or catching fire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ignitio","meaning":"an act of kindling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ignire","meaning":"to set on fire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ignis","meaning":"fire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ignite","ignitable","igniter","igneous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combustion","formality":"technical"},{"word":"firing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lighting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"5e823e88-27d3-4e5a-856a-d36c5f131495","word":"ignorance","definition":"A lack of knowledge or information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ignorancia","language_family":"latin","root":"ignorare","root_meaning":"not to know, to be unacquainted with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ignorance","meaning":"lack of knowledge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ignorantia","meaning":"ignorance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ignorantia","meaning":"lack of knowledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ignorare","meaning":"not to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ignore","ignorant","ignoble","agnostic","recognize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unawareness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nescience","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unfamiliarity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"3f4d48c4-e4fe-4cd1-9842-ff1dcc92be0d","word":"ignorant","definition":"Lacking knowledge or awareness in general; uneducated or unsophisticated.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ignorante","language_family":"latin","root":"ignorare","root_meaning":"not to know, to be unacquainted with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gnō-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ignorant","meaning":"lacking knowledge","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ignorant","meaning":"ignorant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ignorantem","meaning":"not knowing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gnarus","meaning":"knowing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ignore","ignorance","agnostic","recognize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uninformed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unaware","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unknowing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"c0edf7a8-e857-4d94-b509-d2d3e23b139f","word":"ignore","definition":"Refuse to take notice of or acknowledge; disregard intentionally.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ignorar","language_family":"latin","root":"ignōrāre","root_meaning":"not to know, to be ignorant of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ignore","meaning":"disregard intentionally","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"ignore","meaning":"not know, be ignorant of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ignōrāre","meaning":"not to know, to be ignorant of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gnārus","meaning":"knowing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*gno-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ignorant","ignorance","cognition","recognize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disregard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neglect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"46ea0109-24ee-4180-8cde-65fb4a7a5e27","word":"iii","definition":"Roman numeral representing the number three.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"tres","root_meaning":"three","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"iii","meaning":"the numeral three","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"III","meaning":"three","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"I","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["I","II","IV","three"],"synonyms":[{"word":"three","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"3","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"41cd29e9-8614-46f6-b1bb-91a4f5703b5f","word":"ill","definition":"Suffering from a disease or ailment; unwell.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"illr","root_meaning":"evil, bad, sick","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ill","meaning":"Suffering from a disease or ailment; unwell.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ill","meaning":"evil, bad, sick","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"illr","meaning":"evil, bad, sick","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["illness","evil","ailing","malady"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unwell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ailing","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"39b74f1b-0e10-4f82-9d74-cb69402045a8","word":"illegal","definition":"Contrary to or forbidden by law, especially criminal law.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ilegal","language_family":"latin","root":"legalis","root_meaning":"lawful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"illegal","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"illegalis","meaning":"unlawful","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"legalis","meaning":"lawful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legal","legislation","legitimate","law","legislate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unlawful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illicit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forbidden","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"e486d99f-0626-43d8-bc66-3661da1e6a75","word":"illegitimate","definition":"Not recognized as lawful, proper, or valid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ilegítimo","language_family":"latin","root":"lex","root_meaning":"law","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"illegitimate","meaning":"not lawful or valid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical/medieval","word":"legitimate","meaning":"lawful, proper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legitimus","meaning":"lawful, according to law","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex, legis","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin via French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legitimate","legitimacy","legitimize","illegitimately","legal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unlawful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"invalid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unauthorized","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"aff786a8-924a-4233-9e9a-4f43ec2fbf6b","word":"illinois","definition":"A state in the Midwestern United States, or the Algonquian people native to that region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Illini","root_meaning":"the superior men or the men","root_language":"Algonquian","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Illinois","meaning":"a Midwestern U.S. state or its native people","children":[{"era":"1600s-1700s","word":"Illinois","meaning":"the Illini people and region","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Illini","meaning":"the superior men or the men","children":[],"language":"Algonquian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Illinoisan","Illini"],"synonyms":[{"word":"IL","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"428c4fb4-1693-4853-affe-557da1c7d61d","word":"illusion","definition":"A deceptive appearance or impression.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ilusión","language_family":"latin","root":"illudere","root_meaning":"to mock, to play with, to deceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"illusion","meaning":"deceptive appearance","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"illusion","meaning":"deception","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illudere","meaning":"to mock, to play with, to deceive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- (in) + ludere (to play)","meaning":"to play against, to mock","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["delude","ludicrous","prelude","collusion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hallucination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mirage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fantasy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"35501c02-07fd-4ed9-b9a6-9a95a578a9aa","word":"illustrate","definition":"Provide (a book, newspaper, etc.) with pictures.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ilustrar","language_family":"latin","root":"illustrare","root_meaning":"to light up, illuminate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"illustrate","meaning":"provide pictures","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"illustrate","meaning":"to illuminate, show","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illustrare","meaning":"to light up, illuminate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["illustration","illustrator","illustrious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demonstrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exemplify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"501f576c-8bb2-4239-925a-bde3c93bb2be","word":"illustration","definition":"A picture or drawing that is used to explain or decorate a book, magazine, etc.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ilustración","language_family":"latin","root":"illustrare","root_meaning":"to light up, illuminate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en- + *leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"illustration","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"illustration","meaning":"illumination, explanation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illustratio","meaning":"illumination, explanation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illustrare","meaning":"to light up, illuminate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["illustrate","illustrious","luminous","lustre","illuminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drawing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diagram","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"93a1dd89-6c9a-4bc1-8967-59cdd5db27b8","word":"illustrious","definition":"Widely known and greatly respected for outstanding achievements or noble qualities.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ilustre","language_family":"latin","root":"illustris","root_meaning":"bright, clear, distinguished, renowned","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"illustrious","meaning":"brilliantly distinguished, renowned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illustris","meaning":"bright, clear, distinguished","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illustrare","meaning":"to light up, make clear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lustrare","meaning":"to illuminate, purify by light","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"light, brightness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["illustrate","illustration","lustrous","luster","illuminate","lucid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eminent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"renowned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"celebrated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinguished","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"b49a3552-e4dc-4f27-9374-1f98238f3398","word":"image","definition":"A visual representation or picture of a person or object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"imagen","language_family":"latin","root":"imago","root_meaning":"likeness, form, image","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"image","meaning":"a visual representation or picture","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"image","meaning":"likeness, representation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imago","meaning":"likeness, form, image","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aim-","meaning":"to imitate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imagery","imagine","imaginary","imaging","images"],"synonyms":[{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"likeness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"depiction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"bcb73186-c7df-4c94-81a9-0ea3a43e6476","word":"images","definition":"Visual representations or pictures of people, things, or scenes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"imágenes","language_family":"latin","root":"imago","root_meaning":"likeness, appearance, image","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"images","meaning":"visual representations","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"image","meaning":"likeness, representation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imago","meaning":"likeness, appearance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imagine","imagery","imaginative","imago"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pictures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"likenesses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"visuals","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"ec995f60-456f-463c-ab34-7421973be845","word":"imaginary","definition":"Existing only in the imagination; not real.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"imaginario","language_family":"latin","root":"imaginari","root_meaning":"to picture to oneself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imaginary","meaning":"not real","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"imaginairie","meaning":"imaginary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imaginarius","meaning":"imaginary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imaginari","meaning":"to picture to oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imago","meaning":"image, likeness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imagine","image","imagination","imaginative","impress","mimic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fictional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unreal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fanciful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chimerical","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"56991330-ac9b-4918-9f11-5d2ea202150d","word":"imagination","definition":"The faculty of forming mental images or concepts of things not present to the senses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"imaginación","language_family":"latin","root":"imago","root_meaning":"image, likeness, copy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imagination","meaning":"faculty of forming mental images","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"imaginacion","meaning":"mental image, concept","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imaginatio","meaning":"a fancying, imagining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imaginari","meaning":"to form a mental picture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imago","meaning":"image, likeness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["image","imagine","imaginary","imaginative","imagery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fancy","formality":"literary"},{"word":"creativity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inventiveness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vision","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"1e99432d-0f40-4d7b-95cb-c0e19815ac1c","word":"imagine","definition":"Form a mental image or concept of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"imaginar","language_family":"latin","root":"imago","root_meaning":"image, copy, likeness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imagine","meaning":"form a mental image","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"imaginer","meaning":"to form an image, conceive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imaginari","meaning":"to form an image of, represent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imago","meaning":"image, copy, likeness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["image","imaginary","imagination","imaginative","imago"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conceive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visualize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dream","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"99ca4d26-70c2-4c0d-ba48-d8d6a654d34b","word":"imbecile","definition":"A foolish or stupid person, and also an offensive adjective meaning foolish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"imbécil","language_family":"latin","root":"imbecillus","root_meaning":"weak, feeble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imbecile","meaning":"a foolish or stupid person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imbecillus","meaning":"weak, feeble, frail","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imbecillis","meaning":"weak, feeble","children":[],"language":"Late Latin variant"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imbecile","imbecilic","imbecility","imbeciles","imbecilely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"simpleton","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"1a56fb53-3c81-45c9-ba55-5ef9838a9b96","word":"imitate","definition":"To take or follow as a model or example; to copy the actions or appearance of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"imitar","language_family":"latin","root":"imitari","root_meaning":"to copy, represent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imitate","meaning":"to copy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imitatus","meaning":"past participle of imitari","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imitari","meaning":"to copy, represent","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*aim-","meaning":"to copy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imitation","inimitable","mimic","emulate","similitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mimic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emulate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"f8cbb648-f33c-4391-8af0-0310ff8b5c50","word":"imitation","definition":"Imitation is the act or result of copying something or someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"imitación","language_family":"latin","root":"imitārī","root_meaning":"to imitate, copy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imitation","meaning":"the act or result of copying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"imitation","meaning":"copying; likeness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imitātiō","meaning":"a copying; imitation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imitārī","meaning":"to imitate, copy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imitate","imitative","imitator","imitable","imitating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mimicry","formality":"technical"},{"word":"replication","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"43b28ff4-681a-4a9e-9cdf-8eb13db44de4","word":"immature","definition":"Not yet fully developed or ripe.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inmaduro","language_family":"latin","root":"maturus","root_meaning":"ripe, timely, mature","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh-tu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immature","meaning":"not yet fully developed or ripe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immaturus","meaning":"untimely, unripe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"maturus","meaning":"ripe, timely, mature","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*meh-tu-","meaning":"ripeness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immaturity","mature","maturity","maturate","maturation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unripe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underdeveloped","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juvenile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"1f64d5ee-8a9c-4fb9-955f-3b970b068b83","word":"immediate","definition":"Occurring or done at once; instant.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inmediato","language_family":"latin","root":"immediatus","root_meaning":"without a middle, direct","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁en, *medʰyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immediate","meaning":"at once, without delay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immediatus","meaning":"without a middle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mediation","intermediary","medium","immediately","mediate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"urgent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"04428c22-4b62-4b49-a055-4f951e559bae","word":"immediately","definition":"Without any delay; at once, instantly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"inmediatamente","language_family":"latin","root":"in + medius","root_meaning":"not + middle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*in- + *medhyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immediately","meaning":"without delay","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"immediately","meaning":"without interval","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"immediate","meaning":"without anything between","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"immediatus","meaning":"unmediated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in + medius","meaning":"not + middle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immediate","immediacy","immediateness","immediated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instantly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at once","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forthwith","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"280b676e-f868-4a44-9c08-92082bf58272","word":"immense","definition":"Extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inmenso","language_family":"latin","root":"immensus","root_meaning":"unmeasured, immeasurable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immense","meaning":"extremely large","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"immense","meaning":"immense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immēnsus","meaning":"unmeasured, immeasurable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mētīrī","meaning":"to measure","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*meh₁-","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immensity","measure","dimension"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gigantic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"ab92e4a8-e37e-4ec7-81dd-22aa65c2c93a","word":"immigrant","definition":"A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inmigrante","language_family":"latin","root":"immigrare","root_meaning":"to move into, come into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immigrant","meaning":"one who comes to live in a foreign country","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"immigrant","meaning":"immigrant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immigrans","meaning":"present participle of immigrare 'to move into'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"migrare","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emigrant","migrate","migration","transitory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"newcomer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alien","formality":"formal/legal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"fe659bc6-5ee1-4fb2-89c1-f964cecb91d4","word":"immigration","definition":"The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inmigración","language_family":"latin","root":"immigrare","root_meaning":"to move into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"17th century","word":"immigration","meaning":"action of moving in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immigratio","meaning":"a moving into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immigrare","meaning":"to move into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"migrare","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immigrant","emigration","migrate","migratory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"influx","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relocation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"5eece263-d352-452f-b87c-ef9f9106f2a3","word":"imminent","definition":"About to happen very soon.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inminente","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin imminēre","root_meaning":"to overhang or threaten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imminent","meaning":"about to happen very soon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin imminens","meaning":"overhanging, threatening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin imminēre","meaning":"to overhang or threaten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imminence","imminently","imminentness","preeminent","impending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impending","formality":"formal"},{"word":"looming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forthcoming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"8953ddc2-daed-4247-9dbf-c71d59c02156","word":"immoral","definition":"Immoral means contrary to accepted standards of right conduct.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inmoral","language_family":"latin","root":"mos, moris","root_meaning":"custom, manner, morals","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immoral","meaning":"contrary to accepted standards of right conduct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1300s","word":"moral","meaning":"concerned with conduct and ethics","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moralis","meaning":"of manners or conduct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mos, moris","meaning":"custom, manner, usage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moral","immorality","morally","moralize","amoral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unethical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wicked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sinful","formality":"literary"},{"word":"depraved","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"19e5e28c-7694-4a7d-b5da-a457f9df4941","word":"immortal","definition":"Living forever; never dying or decaying.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inmortal","language_family":"latin","root":"immortalis","root_meaning":"undying, imperishable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mr̥t-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immortal","meaning":"living forever","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immortalis","meaning":"undying, imperishable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mortalis","meaning":"mortal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortal","mortality","immortality","mortician","mortify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eternal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"undying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"everlasting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"4ed7a9a3-b034-4edc-85ad-cccfe161bb1c","word":"immune","definition":"Protected or exempt from something, especially disease or legal obligation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inmune","language_family":"latin","root":"immunis","root_meaning":"exempt from public service or burden, untouched","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immune","meaning":"Protected or exempt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immunis","meaning":"exempt from public service or burden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"munus","meaning":"service, duty, gift","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immunity","immunize","commune","remunerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resistant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exempt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protected","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"309c1ff4-0543-4137-aea2-3ba49d8d5172","word":"immunity","definition":"The state of being resistant to a particular infection or toxin due to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inmunidad","language_family":"latin","root":"immunis","root_meaning":"exempt from public service; free, unburdened","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immunity","meaning":"The state of being resistant to a particular infection or toxin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immunitatem","meaning":"exemption, privilege","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immunis","meaning":"exempt from public service; free, unburdened","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immune","immunize","communal","municipal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resistance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exemption","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"b5eaec10-b459-474e-98cb-6ad2e708c4cf","word":"immunology","definition":"The branch of medicine and biology concerned with immunity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inmunología","language_family":"latin","root":"immunis + -logia","root_meaning":"exempt from public service + study of","root_language":"Latin + Greek","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"immunology","meaning":"The branch of medicine and biology concerned with immunity.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"immunology","meaning":"study of immunity","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"immunity","meaning":"exemption from service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immunitas","meaning":"exemption from public service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"immunis","meaning":"exempt from service","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-logia","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English (coined)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immune","immunization","immunity","immunological"],"synonyms":[{"word":"serology","formality":"technical"},{"word":"virology","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"630d3b38-783c-4577-ac21-a5f96c693f3b","word":"impact","definition":"The effect or influence of one thing on another, or a forceful collision.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"impacto","language_family":"latin","root":"impactus","root_meaning":"driven into, fastened","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impact","meaning":"effect or forceful collision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impact","meaning":"driven into, fastened","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impingere","meaning":"to drive into, strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impactful","impacted","impacting","impacts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"effect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"influence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impression","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"56950d02-7d3f-4295-ab37-cc1f3fdb53f8","word":"impair","definition":"To weaken or damage something, especially a human faculty or function.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"empeorar","language_family":"french","root":"impeirier","root_meaning":"to make worse","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impair","meaning":"to weaken or damage","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"impair","meaning":"to make worse","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"empeirier","meaning":"to make worse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pejorare","meaning":"to make worse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impairment","pejorative","unimpaired","impairer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"damage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weaken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deteriorate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"29d97bc2-e1c1-4c33-9b0f-8ac10b63148a","word":"impatient","definition":"Having or showing a tendency to be quickly irritated or provoked.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"impaciente","language_family":"latin","root":"impatiens","root_meaning":"not suffering, not enduring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impatient","meaning":"lacking patience","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"impatient","meaning":"impatient","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impatiens","meaning":"not suffering, not enduring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + patiens","meaning":"not + suffering, enduring","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patient","patience","suffer","passion","compassion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fidgety","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"testy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"63788f77-cfa2-451c-a087-bfcd3c802fc8","word":"impeccable","definition":"Perfectly correct or free from fault.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"impecable","language_family":"latin","root":"peccare","root_meaning":"to sin, err, or commit a fault","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impeccable","meaning":"free from fault","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"impeccable","meaning":"free from sin or fault","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impeccabilis","meaning":"not liable to sin, faultless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + peccare","meaning":"not + to sin, err","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peccable","impeccability","impeccancy","peccant","peccadillo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flawless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faultless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"5937556f-8aca-44ea-b30e-3557c9ec44e8","word":"imperative","definition":"Expressing a command or necessity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"imperativo","language_family":"latin","root":"imperativus","root_meaning":"commanding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imperative","meaning":"Expressing a command or necessity.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperative","meaning":"commanding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperare","meaning":"to command; to order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"im- + parare","meaning":"to put in order; command","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imperatively","imperativeness","imperator","imperious","imperium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mandatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"essential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"urgent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commanding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"848cfe8e-86be-4662-ac29-1be00d1455f8","word":"imperial","definition":"Relating to an empire or emperor.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"imperial","language_family":"latin","root":"imperium","root_meaning":"command, supreme power, empire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*par-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imperial","meaning":"relating to an empire","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"imperial","meaning":"imperial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperialis","meaning":"of or belonging to an empire or emperor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imperium","meaning":"command, supreme power, empire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["empire","emperor","imperative","imperious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"royal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"majestic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"regal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"f3e54d55-b92b-4160-b435-d036c424e088","word":"implant","definition":"To insert or establish something firmly in a body, surface, or system.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"implantar","language_family":"latin","root":"implantare","root_meaning":"to plant in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"implant","meaning":"to insert or establish firmly","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"implanter","meaning":"to plant in, fix firmly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implantare","meaning":"to plant in","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["implantation","implantable","implanted","transplant","reimplant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engraft","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"4a5b0b92-a7a6-4d81-9d4a-1a0b020ed9a6","word":"implement","definition":"To put a decision, plan, agreement, etc., into effect.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"implementar","language_family":"latin","root":"implere","root_meaning":"to fill up, fulfill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pelh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"implement","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implementum","meaning":"a filling up, a tool","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implere","meaning":"to fill up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pelh₁-","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["completion","application","tool","fill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"execute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carry out","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"7b2ecaa3-ed0b-41fb-b054-9b69373899ae","word":"implementation","definition":"The process of putting a decision or system into effect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"implementación","language_family":"latin","root":"implementum","root_meaning":"that which fills up or completes","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"implementation","meaning":"process of putting into effect","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"implement","meaning":"to carry out or put into effect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implementum","meaning":"that which fills up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["implement","implementer","implementing","implements","implemental"],"synonyms":[{"word":"execution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"application","formality":"formal"},{"word":"realization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enactment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"a5f82b9e-1c92-40dc-b237-9da9ecfb2722","word":"implication","definition":"The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"implicación","language_family":"latin","root":"implicare","root_meaning":"to involve, entangle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"implication","meaning":"The conclusion drawn from something not explicitly stated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implicare","meaning":"to involve, entangle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plicare","meaning":"to fold, weave","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["implicit","imply","complicate","complex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suggestion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insinuation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"8e84a51d-8120-4d6e-b5dc-6db5ca0ee064","word":"imply","definition":"To strongly suggest the truth or existence of something not expressly stated.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"implicar","language_family":"latin","root":"implicare","root_meaning":"to involve, entangle, enfold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imply","meaning":"to suggest indirectly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"implier","meaning":"to involve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implicare","meaning":"to involve, enfold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plicare","meaning":"to fold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["implication","implicit","infer","suggest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insinuate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connote","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"6660edf5-c70f-4676-8a19-15d2c4afc1ea","word":"import","definition":"To bring goods or services into a country from abroad; or the goods themselves.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"importar","language_family":"latin","root":"importare","root_meaning":"to carry in, to bring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"import","meaning":"to bring in from abroad","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"import","meaning":"to bring in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"importare","meaning":"to carry in, to bring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + portare","meaning":"in + to carry","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"to lead, carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["importer","imported","imports","importation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bring in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"introduce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ship in","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"e8b6967b-4608-4e99-834f-fb536de8960b","word":"importance","definition":"The state or condition of being important or of great consequence or significance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"importancia","language_family":"latin","root":"importare","root_meaning":"to bring in, to matter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"importance","meaning":"significance","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"important","meaning":"of consequence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"importare","meaning":"to bring in, to matter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["important","importantly","unimportant","importantness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"significance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consequence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"weight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"61bed68f-4f31-4f18-9f09-1cc6c3c35f7c","word":"important","definition":"Of great significance, consequence, or influence; worthy of attention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"importante","language_family":"latin","root":"importare","root_meaning":"to bring in, to signify","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"important","meaning":"of great significance","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"important","meaning":"of consequence, weighty","children":[{"era":"1200-1400","word":"important","meaning":"of consequence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"importare","meaning":"to bring in, to signify","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["importance","import","importer","unimportant","importation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"significant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crucial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"paramount","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"9a82a9bc-418a-4438-b758-d350580a97a4","word":"impose","definition":"To force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"imponer","language_family":"latin","root":"imponere","root_meaning":"to place upon, lay on","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pos-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impose","meaning":"to force on someone","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"imposer","meaning":"to lay on, inflict","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imponere","meaning":"to place upon, lay on (in- 'into, upon' + ponere 'to put, place')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imposition","impost","deposit","position","component"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inflict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"levy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enforce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"a94d99a3-00a3-4881-8357-70ef29163c60","word":"impossible","definition":"Not able to occur, exist, or be done.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"imposible","language_family":"latin","root":"possibilis","root_meaning":"possible, able","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*potis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impossible","meaning":"not possible","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"impossible","meaning":"impossible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impossibilis","meaning":"not possible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"possibilis","meaning":"possible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possible","ability","potency","potent","disability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unachievable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infeasible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hopeless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"improbable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"fbd4955e-8146-43d2-b4a4-2038cda317ac","word":"impostor","definition":"A person who pretends to be someone else or to have a false role or identity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"impostor","language_family":"latin","root":"imponere","root_meaning":"to put upon, deceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impostor","meaning":"a person who pretends to be someone else","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"impostour","meaning":"a deceiver, pretender","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impostor","meaning":"a deceiver","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imponere","meaning":"to put upon, place upon, deceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imposture","impose","imposition","impost","imposting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fraud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pretender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charlatan","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"8f8eda16-49f7-422a-875e-c1b41380fb58","word":"impotent","definition":"Lacking power, strength, or sexual potency.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"impotente","language_family":"latin","root":"potens","root_meaning":"powerful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*poti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impotent","meaning":"lacking power, strength, or sexual potency","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"impotent","meaning":"impotent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impotēns","meaning":"powerless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"potens","meaning":"powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impotence","impotency","impotently","potent","powerless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powerless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helpless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feeble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"ef1995ec-2ff4-49cd-b92c-355ea0bc8d20","word":"impress","definition":"To make a strong, vivid, or lasting effect on the mind or feelings of someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"impresionar","language_family":"latin","root":"imprimere","root_meaning":"to press in, stamp","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impress","meaning":"to make an impact","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"impresse","meaning":"to press in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imprimere","meaning":"to press in, stamp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*prem-","meaning":"to press, to strike","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impression","imprint","expressive","repress","compress","pressure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astonish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dazzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"move","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"fd3a5bfc-78fc-49bc-94f3-06f38413d9c6","word":"impression","definition":"An idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone, especially one formed without conscious thought or on the basis of little evidence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"impresión","language_family":"latin","root":"impressio","root_meaning":"a pressing into, an impression","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impression","meaning":"an idea, a mark left","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"impression","meaning":"a mark, an influence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impressio","meaning":"a pressing into, an impression","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impress","print","pressure","depress","repress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perception","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"febd3567-c446-4e1e-96fb-b4e591a3f4e1","word":"impressive","definition":"Evoking admiration through size, quality, or skill.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"impresionante","language_family":"latin","root":"impressus","root_meaning":"pressed into, stamped","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impressive","meaning":"Evoking admiration.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"impressif","meaning":"impressive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impressus","meaning":"past participle of imprimere 'to press into'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imprimere","meaning":"to press into, stamp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impress","impression","imprint","pressure","repress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"striking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awe-inspiring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"ac3b5d78-e9a2-49c9-8e14-662a40a02c0b","word":"imprison","definition":"To put or confine in prison.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aprisionar","language_family":"french","root":"emprisonner","root_meaning":"to put in prison","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imprison","meaning":"to put in prison","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"emprisonner","meaning":"to put in prison","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"en-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"12th century","word":"prison","meaning":"prison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prīnsiō","meaning":"a taking, seizing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prison","prisoner","imprisonment","enterprise","surprise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incarcerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"confine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"824e0d7e-b993-4b7c-932a-2bb1b26db6e8","word":"imprisonment","definition":"The act or state of being confined in prison.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prisión","language_family":"french","root":"Latin prehensiōnem","root_meaning":"a taking, seizure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"imprisonment","meaning":"the state or act of being confined in prison","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"imprisonment","meaning":"capture; imprisonment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"emprisonnement","meaning":"capture; imprisonment","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"emprisoner","meaning":"to imprison","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"prison","meaning":"prison, captivity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prehensiōnem","meaning":"a taking, seizure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prehendō","meaning":"I seize, take hold of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imprison","prison","prisoner","imprisoned","unprison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incarceration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"confinement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"captivity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"f22bf630-f392-4c16-b854-d722b37dcd29","word":"improve","definition":"To make or become better; to enhance the quality or condition of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mejorar","language_family":"latin","root":"improbare","root_meaning":"to turn to profit, make productive","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"improve","meaning":"to make better","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"improve","meaning":"to profit from, turn to profit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"improbare","meaning":"to turn to profit, make productive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["improved","improvement","improving","improves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enhance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"better","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upgrade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ameliorate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"e8150b3e-1fef-4b2c-a935-c9c8697fe280","word":"improved","definition":"Made better; enhanced in quality, value, or condition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Old French en- + prover","root_meaning":"to make profit, to provide","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"improved","meaning":"made better","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"improve","meaning":"to make better","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"en- + prover","meaning":"to provide, make profit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pro- + Latin vocare","meaning":"forward + to turn","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["improve","improvement","improving","improves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enhanced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"better","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upgraded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfected","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"5b66e0f4-79d5-4987-b676-4185c234d43d","word":"improvement","definition":"The act or process of making something better or the result of becoming better.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mejora","language_family":"french","root":"improve","root_meaning":"to make better","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"improvement","meaning":"act or process of making better","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"improve","meaning":"to make better","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"en- + prou","meaning":"to turn to profit","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["improve","improver","improved","improving","unimproved"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advancement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enhancement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"betterment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"progress","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"287dccb0-4228-4dd2-9da3-0a06b7d651f4","word":"improvise","definition":"To create or perform without preparation, often as the situation unfolds.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"improvisar","language_family":"latin","root":"improvisus","root_meaning":"unforeseen, unexpected","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"improvise","meaning":"to create or perform without preparation","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"improviser","meaning":"to improvise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"improvisus","meaning":"unforeseen, unexpected","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["improvisation","improviser","improvisatory","improv"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extemporize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ad-lib","formality":"informal"},{"word":"wing it","formality":"informal"},{"word":"invent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"3dac4699-1abc-434b-bddb-fd430ef10a03","word":"impulse","definition":"A sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"impulso","language_family":"latin","root":"impulsus","root_meaning":"a push, a driving forward, instigation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impulse","meaning":"sudden urge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impulsus","meaning":"a push, instigation (past participle of impellere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impellere","meaning":"to drive into, to push forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impel","propulsion","repel","compulsive","pulse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"urge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compulsion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"d34cf7bc-4789-40a1-9861-927304f64486","word":"impulsive","definition":"Acting suddenly and without careful thought or planning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"impulsivo","language_family":"latin","root":"impellere","root_meaning":"to drive on, push against, or impel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"impulsive","meaning":"acting suddenly and without careful thought","children":[{"era":"late Latin / modern loan","word":"impulsif / impulsivus","meaning":"driven on, impelled","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"impellere","meaning":"to drive on, push, or impel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + pellere","meaning":"to push toward or against","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French / Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impulse","impulsion","impel","impelled","impelling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impetuous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"0863b6d6-a921-4b4f-99b8-7ff5ebb640e6","word":"inability","definition":"the state of being unable to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inhabilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"habēre","root_meaning":"to have, hold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inability","meaning":"the state of being unable to do something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1300s","word":"ability","meaning":"capacity or skill","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"abilite","meaning":"ability, aptitude","children":[],"language":"Anglo-French"},{"era":"classical","word":"habilis","meaning":"easy to handle, apt, fit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ability","able","unable","ably","inabilities"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incapacity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"incompetence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helplessness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"8bf9cf43-c167-44fd-bc40-3a4ab54ba081","word":"inappropriate","definition":"Not suitable or proper in the circumstances.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inapropriado","language_family":"latin","root":"in- + appropriatus","root_meaning":"not + made one's own, suitable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inappropriate","meaning":"Not suitable or proper","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"inappropriate","meaning":"not appropriate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1400s","word":"appropriate","meaning":"made one's own, suitable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"proprius","meaning":"one's own","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["appropriate","proper","unsuitable","indecorous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unsuitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"improper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfitting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"fd819136-9c1e-4b7f-acae-9ea08acd7f99","word":"inaudible","definition":"Impossible to hear.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inaudible","language_family":"latin","root":"inaudibilis","root_meaning":"that cannot be heard","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*au-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inaudible","meaning":"cannot be heard","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"inaudibilis","meaning":"that cannot be heard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"audibilis","meaning":"audible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audire","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["audible","audio","audience","audition","inaudibly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unheard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"32523fca-920d-44c8-8686-0d1212e6e475","word":"inbox","definition":"An electronic folder where new incoming messages are received and stored, typically in an email program.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in + box","root_meaning":"within + container","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*en, *bhsos","etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s (computing term)","word":"inbox","meaning":"incoming mail folder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"within","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"box","meaning":"container","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["outbox","mailbox","inward","boxing","postbox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mail folder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incoming messages","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"3ee377c4-50a1-4343-b0b8-003c62ebb680","word":"inc","definition":"An abbreviation for incorporated, denoting a business organization structure with limited liability.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"incorporare","root_meaning":"to form into a body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Inc","meaning":"incorporated company designation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"incorporated","meaning":"formed into a legal body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incorporare","meaning":"to form into a body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + corpus","meaning":"in + body","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incorporate","incorporation","corporate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incorporated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"corporation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"55947609-c9b4-4b0e-acb9-8891910abc19","word":"incapable","definition":"Lacking the necessary ability, power, or qualities to do something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"incapaz","language_family":"latin","root":"incapabilis","root_meaning":"not capable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incapable","meaning":"lacking ability","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"incapable","meaning":"unable","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"incapabilis","meaning":"not capable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + capabilis","meaning":"not + capable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capable","capacity","capture","inability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incompetent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powerless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"8247afa8-0578-40e8-91d8-26f3c05bdfd7","word":"incense","definition":"A fragrant substance burned for its scent or ritual use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"incienso","language_family":"latin","root":"incendere","root_meaning":"to set on fire, kindle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incense","meaning":"a fragrant substance burned for its scent or ritual use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incensum","meaning":"something burned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incendere","meaning":"to set on fire, kindle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incense","incensed","incensing","incendiary","incendiarism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aromatic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"23b920e0-a295-48f0-aa4c-ccac4631a812","word":"incentive","definition":"A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"incentivo","language_family":"latin","root":"incentivus","root_meaning":"stimulating, inciting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ken-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incentive","meaning":"A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incentivus","meaning":"stimulating, inciting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incinere","meaning":"to sing, to incite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"canere","meaning":"to sing","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*ken-","meaning":"to set in motion, to sing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chant","canticle","recant","enchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motivation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stimulus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inducement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"65d8a260-bb6a-4df2-b0ab-500e509ff320","word":"inch","definition":"A unit of length equal to one-twelfth of a foot or 2.54 centimeters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"uncia","root_meaning":"one-twelfth part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inch","meaning":"unit of length","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inche","meaning":"one-twelfth of a foot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uncia","meaning":"one-twelfth, ounce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inches","inching","inched"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"measurement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"c931b1f6-65f6-47ad-9e52-3929690d8812","word":"inches","definition":"units of length equal to one-twelfth of a foot, or to move slowly by small degrees.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"uncia","root_meaning":"one-twelfth, an inch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inches","meaning":"units of length or slow movement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inch","meaning":"one-twelfth of a foot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"unce","meaning":"one-twelfth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uncia","meaning":"one-twelfth, inch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inch","inchy","ounce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"units of length","formality":"technical"},{"word":"creeps","formality":"informal"},{"word":"advances slowly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"90c34f61-bb04-46cb-a70f-3d0b6414005d","word":"incidence","definition":"The occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or something else undesirable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"incidencia","language_family":"latin","root":"incidere","root_meaning":"to fall upon, happen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*in- (in) + *cadere (to fall)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incidence","meaning":"rate of occurrence","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"incidence","meaning":"something that occurs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incidere","meaning":"to fall upon, happen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incident","incidental","accident","occidental"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occurrence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frequency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"90a5d8d5-98c0-4c0e-8698-029d30772856","word":"incident","definition":"An event or occurrence, often of a minor or undesirable nature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"incidente","language_family":"latin","root":"incidere","root_meaning":"to fall upon, happen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*in + *kad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incident","meaning":"occurrence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"incident","meaning":"something that happens","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incidens","meaning":"falling upon, happening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incidere","meaning":"to fall upon, happen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accident","coincide","decay","occasional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"event","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occurrence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"episode","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"533f5bd2-5f8a-4814-9875-aea59e60b29c","word":"incidentally","definition":"Used to introduce a side note or to indicate something happening by chance.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"incidentalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"cadere","root_meaning":"to fall","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incidentally","meaning":"by the way; as a side remark","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"incidental","meaning":"secondary or occurring as a minor matter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incidens / incidere","meaning":"falling upon; happening by chance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cadere","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incident","incidental","incidence","incidentals","incidentalism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parenthetically","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peripherally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secondarily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"d6b8b10c-cda9-4d07-8363-28cedf6c2ff5","word":"incision","definition":"A cut made into tissue or another surface, especially in surgery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"incisión","language_family":"latin","root":"incidere","root_meaning":"to cut into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kae-id-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incision","meaning":"a cut made into tissue or another surface","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"Old French incision","meaning":"a cutting into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin incisionem","meaning":"a cutting into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incidere","meaning":"to cut into","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incise","incisor","incisive","excision","circumcision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"5c265925-4d67-4847-bce4-552f6e2ed7e8","word":"incline","definition":"To bend, slope, or lean toward something, physically or figuratively.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"inclinar","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin inclināre","root_meaning":"to bend, lean toward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*klei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incline","meaning":"To lean, slope, or be disposed toward.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"incliner","meaning":"to incline, bend, or lean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inclināre","meaning":"to bend, lean toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inclination","inclined","decline","recline","inclining"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tilt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"54d3ba80-3f72-461b-b695-aa6515ee720f","word":"include","definition":"To contain or comprise as a part or component.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incluir","language_family":"latin","root":"includere","root_meaning":"to shut in, enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"include","meaning":"to contain as part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"includere","meaning":"to shut in, enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to shut, close","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inclusion","inclusive","included","include"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"encompass","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"6a34f4da-89e5-4505-bd4c-03ee04506e37","word":"included","definition":"Contained as part of a whole; comprised or incorporated.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incluido","language_family":"latin","root":"includere","root_meaning":"to shut in, enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"included","meaning":"contained, comprised","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"include","meaning":"to contain as part of a whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"includere","meaning":"to shut in, enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, within","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to close, shut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["include","inclusive","inclusion","exclude","preclude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contained","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprised","formality":"formal"},{"word":"encompassed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"incorporated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"0249f3dd-72ff-410d-bf2b-ea0070e24292","word":"includes","definition":"Contains or comprises as a component or member.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incluye","language_family":"latin","root":"includere","root_meaning":"to shut in, enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"includes","meaning":"contains as part","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"include","meaning":"to enclose, contain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"includere","meaning":"to shut in, enclose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["include","including","inclusion","inclusive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprises","formality":"formal"},{"word":"encompasses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"incorporates","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"0bbf2425-ec6d-46a4-9ebd-32069f6ebb68","word":"including","definition":"Containing or including as part of a whole; having something as a component.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"includere","root_meaning":"to shut in, enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"including","meaning":"containing as part of a whole","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"include","meaning":"to contain or comprise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"includere","meaning":"to shut in, enclose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["include","included","inclusion","inclusive","exclude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"containing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprising","formality":"formal"},{"word":"encompassing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"taking in","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.215Z"}
{"id":"e4cfe922-e79e-46ec-bf19-2d7178ff846e","word":"inclusion","definition":"The action or state of being included within a group or structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inclusión","language_family":"latin","root":"includere","root_meaning":"to shut in, enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*klau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inclusion","meaning":"the action of including","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inclusionem","meaning":"a shutting in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"includere","meaning":"to shut in, enclose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["include","exclude","conclusion","recluse","closet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"integration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incorporation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"composition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embracement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"0afc5b47-c609-4fce-b0f3-4173996b9952","word":"inclusive","definition":"Including all the services or items normally expected or required.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inclusivo","language_family":"latin","root":"includere","root_meaning":"to shut in, to enclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*klau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inclusive","meaning":"including all","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inclusus","meaning":"past participle of includere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"includere","meaning":"to shut in, to enclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"claudere","meaning":"to shut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["include","exclusion","clause","close","cloister"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comprehensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"all-encompassing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"66016032-8ef3-465c-bd96-9341759142f8","word":"income","definition":"Money or other assets received, especially as profit or revenue.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ingreso","language_family":"germanic","root":"in + come","root_meaning":"enter + arrive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"income","meaning":"money received","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"in-come","meaning":"that which comes in","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"come","meaning":"to arrive, move toward","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*kom-","meaning":"to move, arrive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incoming","incomer","come","revenue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revenue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earnings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"e3029068-ef87-4e9f-b0bd-1a3a5e44863c","word":"incoming","definition":"Arriving or approaching; about to arrive or come in.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in + come","root_meaning":"movement toward a central point + to move towards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ni-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incoming","meaning":"approaching","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"into, within","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"come","meaning":"to move toward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["come","go","welcome","income","outcome","forthcoming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approaching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arriving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oncoming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"9ba846d5-53ff-4aaa-a0b0-4ebde9e3a7b6","word":"incompetence","definition":"The state of lacking the ability, training, or qualification to do something well.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"incompetencia","language_family":"latin","root":"competere","root_meaning":"to fit, meet, agree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incompetence","meaning":"lack of ability or qualification","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"incompetent","meaning":"not suitable or capable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competens","meaning":"suitable, fitting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competere","meaning":"to come together, agree, be fitting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com- + petere","meaning":"together + to seek/aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incompetent","incompetently","competence","competent","incompetency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incapacity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ineptitude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"02eb1ea3-7ec4-47df-aa8f-63040561c2dc","word":"incompetent","definition":"Incompetent means lacking the ability, skill, or qualification needed for a task.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"incompetente","language_family":"latin","root":"competere","root_meaning":"to strive together; to be suitable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incompetent","meaning":"lacking the ability, skill, or qualification needed for a task","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin incompetentem","meaning":"not fitting or not suitable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"competentem","meaning":"suitable, fitting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"competere","meaning":"to come together, agree, or be suitable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"petere","meaning":"to seek, aim at, or strive toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["competent","competence","competency","compete","competition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unqualified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inept","formality":"formal"},{"word":"incapable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"e9867e89-ff26-41a9-88c8-1181a958ef0b","word":"incomplete","definition":"Not having all the necessary parts; not finished or perfect.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"incompleto","language_family":"latin","root":"completus","root_meaning":"filled up, finished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incomplete","meaning":"not complete","children":[{"era":"current","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"complete","meaning":"finished, whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"completus","meaning":"filled up, finished","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complete","completion","incompletion","completely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unfinished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lacking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"f0e3f9a1-7555-4fae-8cd0-718e7bb36f43","word":"inconvenience","definition":"An inconvenience is something that causes trouble, difficulty, or annoyance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inconveniencia","language_family":"latin","root":"inconvenientia","root_meaning":"lack of consistency; incongruity","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inconvenience","meaning":"something that causes trouble, difficulty, or annoyance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inconvenience","meaning":"misfortune, calamity; impropriety","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inconvenientia","meaning":"lack of consistency, incongruity","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inconvenient","inconveniently","convenience","convenient","inconveniency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trouble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annoyance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disadvantage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"84513ccd-7ba9-4aff-8501-2aad4b95c0d0","word":"inconvenient","definition":"Not suitable or causing trouble or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inconveniente","language_family":"latin","root":"convenire","root_meaning":"to come together, agree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inconvenient","meaning":"not suitable or causing difficulty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1300s","word":"convenient","meaning":"suitable; fitting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"convenire","meaning":"to come together, agree","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inconvenience","convenient","convenience","convene","convening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awkward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"troublesome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inopportune","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bothersome","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"bf39bb73-5713-4311-8a09-981f1992d28f","word":"incorporate","definition":"To take in or contain something as part of a whole; include.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incorporar","language_family":"latin","root":"incorporare","root_meaning":"to embody, to form into a body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incorporate","meaning":"To take in or contain something as part of a whole.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incorporare","meaning":"to embody, to form into a body","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corpus","corporation","corporeal","body"],"synonyms":[{"word":"include","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"integrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absorb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embody","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"7ac8f08a-4c3f-4188-b71b-40c396d33715","word":"incorrect","definition":"Not conforming to fact or truth; containing error.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"incorrecto","language_family":"latin","root":"incorrectus","root_meaning":"not corrected","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incorrect","meaning":"Not conforming to fact or truth","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"incorrectus","meaning":"not corrected","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"correctus","meaning":"past participle of corrigere 'to correct'","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["correct","correction","incorrectly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wrong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"false","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inaccurate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"48bc6f00-8f3a-4983-8319-d663ef95fdc4","word":"increase","definition":"To become or make something greater in size, amount, degree, or intensity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"crecer","language_family":"latin","root":"crescere","root_meaning":"to grow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"increase","meaning":"to make or become greater","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"encrease","meaning":"to grow, augment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"increaser","meaning":"to increase","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in + crescere","meaning":"in + to grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["increased","increasing","increment","decrease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"augment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"8290047e-992b-4294-8bb4-0114dee8dc4b","word":"increased","definition":"Made greater in size, amount, or degree.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incrementado","language_family":"latin","root":"increscere","root_meaning":"to grow into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*in- (into) + *crescere (to grow)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"increased","meaning":"made greater","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"increase","meaning":"to become greater","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"increscere","meaning":"to grow into","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["increase","increasing","increment","incremental","crescendo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enlarged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"raised","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"augmented","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boosted","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"d9a34806-580d-41d6-b902-855a0d35388b","word":"increasing","definition":"Becoming greater in size, amount, or degree.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incrementando","language_family":"latin","root":"increase","root_meaning":"to make greater or grow","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kreske- (to grow)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"increasing","meaning":"growing in size or amount","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"increase","meaning":"to grow, make greater","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"encreicer","meaning":"to increase","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow, increase","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["increase","increased","increasingly","increment","growth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"growing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"augmenting","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rising","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"fe6f8179-03a5-4f2b-96d1-7ca4cf3214ba","word":"incredible","definition":"Impossible to believe.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"increíble","language_family":"latin","root":"incredibilis","root_meaning":"unbelievable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incredible","meaning":"Impossible to believe.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"incredible","meaning":"unbelievable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incredibilis","meaning":"unbelievable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"credibilis","meaning":"believable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"credere","meaning":"to believe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["credible","credit","incredulous","creed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unbelievable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astonishing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astounding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preposterous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"af09ebd3-ec38-417a-b243-dd04b200d9eb","word":"incriminate","definition":"To make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing by evidence or accusation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incriminar","language_family":"latin","root":"crimen","root_meaning":"charge, accusation, offense","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incriminate","meaning":"to make appear guilty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incriminare","meaning":"to accuse, charge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"crimen","meaning":"charge, accusation, crime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cernere","meaning":"to sift, decide, distinguish","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*krei-","meaning":"to sieve, discriminate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crime","criminal","criminate","recriminate","criminology","incrimination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"implicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inculpate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"86e89a57-82fb-473a-b9f7-6cdd8b631b89","word":"incur","definition":"To become subject to something unwelcome or unpleasant as a result of one's own behavior or actions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"incurrir","language_family":"latin","root":"incurrere","root_meaning":"to run into, rush into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kurs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"incur","meaning":"To become subject to something unwelcome","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"incurren","meaning":"to run into","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"encourir","meaning":"to run into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incurrere","meaning":"to run into (in- 'into' + currere 'to run')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["current","cursor","course","cursive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suffer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bring upon oneself","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"e33d75bf-7f5c-49cd-9d29-b431a79d49b8","word":"indecent","definition":"Not conforming to accepted standards of propriety, modesty, or decency.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indecente","language_family":"latin","root":"decēre","root_meaning":"to be fitting; to be seemly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indecent","meaning":"not decent or proper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indecens","meaning":"unseemly; improper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decēns","meaning":"fitting; seemly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"decēre","meaning":"to be fitting; to be seemly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["decent","decency","indecency","decorous","decorum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"improper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unseemly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indecorous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"6e59ef0d-1766-4c36-848a-3c644c083db0","word":"indeed","definition":"Used to emphasize or confirm a statement; in fact; truly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in + deed","root_meaning":"in fact, in action","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indeed","meaning":"in fact, truly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"in, within","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deed","meaning":"action, fact","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deed","deeds","indeed","indeedest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"truly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in fact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"actually","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"d66628ce-6b33-42b2-b9a3-fec437805702","word":"indefinitely","definition":"Without a fixed limit in time or extent.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"indefinidamente","language_family":"latin","root":"fīnis","root_meaning":"boundary, limit, end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indefinitely","meaning":"without a fixed limit in time or extent","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"indefinite","meaning":"not fixed, limited, or clearly defined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indefinitus","meaning":"not limited or defined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dēfīnītus","meaning":"defined, bounded","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēfīnīre","meaning":"to define, determine, set bounds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fīnis","meaning":"boundary, end","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["indefinite","definition","define","finite","definitive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endlessly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpetually","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forever","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"c4d97bea-8545-4430-8628-6f4c81d4579f","word":"independence","definition":"The state of being free from outside control or support.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"independencia","language_family":"latin","root":"dependere","root_meaning":"to hang from, depend on","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"independence","meaning":"state of being independent","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"independent","meaning":"not depending on another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1300s","word":"dependant","meaning":"dependent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dependere","meaning":"to hang from, depend on","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dependent","depend","interdependent","suspense"],"synonyms":[{"word":"autonomy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"self-reliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freedom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"01f451e4-ebca-4e75-908c-1314967db564","word":"independent","definition":"Free from control or influence of others; self-reliant and autonomous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"independiente","language_family":"latin","root":"dependere","root_meaning":"to hang from, to rely upon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"independent","meaning":"free from control or reliance on others","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"independent","meaning":"not depending on others","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dependere","meaning":"to hang down, to rely upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["independence","independently","independent-minded","interdependent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"autonomous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"self-reliant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"db2f9fd3-bb71-43a9-b2e9-bcbf191a0900","word":"index","definition":"An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc., with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"índice","language_family":"latin","root":"index","root_meaning":"informer, indicator, forefinger","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"index","meaning":"An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc., with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"index","meaning":"informer, indicator, forefinger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indicare","meaning":"to point out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["indicate","indicator","dictate","token"],"synonyms":[{"word":"list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"register","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.891Z"}
{"id":"a47b5e1d-44de-4592-8bd2-1519c384636a","word":"india","definition":"A country in South Asia, the most populous country on the Indian subcontinent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"India","language_family":"other","root":"Indus","root_meaning":"river","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"India","meaning":"country in South Asia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"India","meaning":"region of Indus valley","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Indus","meaning":"river","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Indian","Indies","Indus","Indo-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Bharat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Indian subcontinent","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"d5e00a75-187e-49ba-97bd-1de6e69649c7","word":"indian","definition":"A native or inhabitant of India, or relating to India and its peoples.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indio","language_family":"other","root":"India","root_meaning":"land of the Indus River","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indian","meaning":"relating to India","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Indian","meaning":"of or from India","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"India","meaning":"land of the Indus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Indus","meaning":"river","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["India","Indo-European","Indonesia","indigenous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hindu","formality":"formal"},{"word":"South Asian","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"53a1f564-72ad-4986-a555-bb1631f30907","word":"indiana","definition":"A state in the Midwest region of the United States, named after Native American peoples.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Indian + -a","root_meaning":"land of the Indians","root_language":"English (from Latin/French)","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Indiana","meaning":"US state","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Indiana","meaning":"land of Indians","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Indian","meaning":"native of India or the Americas","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Indian","Indiana","Indianapolis","Hoosier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hoosier State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"2366f1c8-cffd-43c1-a41f-ce1a81432217","word":"indicate","definition":"To point out or show something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"indicar","language_family":"latin","root":"indicāre","root_meaning":"to point out, show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"indicāre","meaning":"To point out, make known.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"indicate","meaning":"To show, point out.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"indicar","meaning":"To indicate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["indication","indicator","indicative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suggest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"0ede6457-fc91-4a3b-a1f3-4ac7c2d9a172","word":"indication","definition":"A sign, symptom, or piece of information that points to something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"indicación","language_family":"latin","root":"indicare","root_meaning":"to point out, declare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indication","meaning":"A sign, symptom, or piece of information that points to something else.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"indication","meaning":"indication, sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indicatio","meaning":"a pointing out, disclosure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["indicate","indicator","indicative","dictate","diction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"symptom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"f9a50f13-6408-4971-8f89-e9023250330c","word":"indicator","definition":"A thing, especially a trend or fact, that shows the state or level of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"indicador","language_family":"latin","root":"indicare","root_meaning":"to point out, show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indicator","meaning":"a sign or signal","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"indicator","meaning":"one who points out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indicare","meaning":"to point out, show","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in","meaning":"into, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dicare","meaning":"to proclaim, dedicate","children":[{"era":"pre-800s BCE","word":"*deik-","meaning":"to show, point out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["indicate","indicative","index","diction","dedicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gauge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"380677c8-1c48-44fe-a7db-251024a4a3a4","word":"indictment","definition":"A formal accusation that a person has committed a crime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"dicere","root_meaning":"to speak; say","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deyḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indictment","meaning":"formal criminal accusation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"indictment","meaning":"formal accusation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enditement / indict","meaning":"to accuse formally","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indictare","meaning":"to proclaim against; accuse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, speak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French / Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["indict","indictable","dictate","dictionary","verdict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accusation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bill","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"82ac94ac-0e73-43bf-be54-44e28f58cef0","word":"indifferent","definition":"Having no strong feeling or preference; unconcerned.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indiferente","language_family":"latin","root":"indifferens","root_meaning":"not differing; impartial","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indifferent","meaning":"having no strong feeling or preference; unconcerned","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"indifferent","meaning":"unbiased, impartial, or unconcerned","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"indifferent","meaning":"not different; impartial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indifferens","meaning":"not differing; impartial","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["difference","different","indifference","differentiate","indifferently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unconcerned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apathetic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detached","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"f7d3f1ab-ad13-4092-8edc-1269236e8f9a","word":"indigenous","definition":"Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indígena","language_family":"latin","root":"indigenus","root_meaning":"native","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁n̥dʰi-ǵen-es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indigenous","meaning":"Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indigenus","meaning":"native, born in a country","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indu-","meaning":"in, within","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gignere","meaning":"to beget, produce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["native","genus","generate","genuine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"native","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aboriginal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endemic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"autochthonous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"74f7c385-7a53-4a31-9d4e-b9c84514ed61","word":"indirect","definition":"Not leading straight to a point; circuitous or roundabout.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indirecto","language_family":"latin","root":"directus","root_meaning":"straight, in a straight line","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indirect","meaning":"not direct","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"indirect","meaning":"not direct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"directus","meaning":"straight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dirigere","meaning":"to direct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["direct","direction","indirectly","rectify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"circuitous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roundabout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oblique","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"12892012-188e-44fb-9ea4-05fe23eea318","word":"indistinct","definition":"Not clear or sharply defined; blurry.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indistinto","language_family":"latin","root":"in- + distinctus","root_meaning":"not + distinguished/separate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indistinct","meaning":"not clear","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"indistinctus","meaning":"not distinct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"distinctus","meaning":"distinguished, separate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distinct","distinction","indistinguishable","distinguish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unclear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vague","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blurry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"27166002-bc64-48a3-9ea1-955345eb68d7","word":"individual","definition":"A single human being or organism considered separately from others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"individual","language_family":"latin","root":"individuus","root_meaning":"indivisible, not divided","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"individual","meaning":"single person or organism","children":[{"era":"1300-1600","word":"individual","meaning":"indivisible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"individuus","meaning":"indivisible, not divided","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["individuality","individualize","individualism","divide","individual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specimen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subject","formality":"technical"},{"word":"entity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"4c672990-603b-42fb-b9fd-99a566de3260","word":"individuals","definition":"Single human beings considered separately from a group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"individuos","language_family":"latin","root":"Medieval Latin individualis","root_meaning":"not divisible, single","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"individuals","meaning":"single persons or entities","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"individual","meaning":"a single person or thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"individualis","meaning":"not divisible, indivisible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"individuus","meaning":"indivisible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["individual","individuality","individualism","indivisible","individuate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persons","formality":"formal"},{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"humans","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"5ee3a2fb-520e-42b2-aca1-d8e5d7ee373d","word":"indoor","definition":"Situated, used, or done inside a building.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in + duru","root_meaning":"within + door","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*en + *dʰwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indoor","meaning":"inside a building","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"in-door","meaning":"within the door","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"in, within","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*inna","meaning":"in","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*en","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"duru","meaning":"door","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*durō","meaning":"door","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dʰwer-","meaning":"door, doorway","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["out-door","indoors","doorway","inward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"internal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inside","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"5b39189d-00f7-40a0-acbe-5c346e7cd405","word":"indoors","definition":"Indoors means inside a building or within the house rather than outside.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indoors","meaning":"inside a building or house","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"inside; into","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"doors","meaning":"doorways or entrances","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"door","meaning":"a hinged entryway","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*duraz","meaning":"door","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English plural"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["indoor","indoorsy","door","doorway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"within","formality":"formal"},{"word":"at home","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"b5654003-ac8d-4b30-a76f-6d1c8224877f","word":"induce","definition":"To bring about or give rise to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"inducir","language_family":"latin","root":"inducere","root_meaning":"to lead in, to bring in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂en-, *dewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"induce","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inducere","meaning":"to lead in, bring in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, in","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["induction","deductive","conduct","produce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cause","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persuade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"d4746aa5-6d98-4925-bd2b-da741fb343f2","word":"induction","definition":"The action or process of inducting someone to a position or into an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inducción","language_family":"latin","root":"inducere","root_meaning":"lead in, bring in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"induction","meaning":"act of inducting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"induction","meaning":"introduction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inductio","meaning":"a leading in, introduction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inducere","meaning":"to lead in, bring in","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["induct","inductive","inductor","introduce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"initiation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"introduction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"installation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enrolment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"a329686c-e549-49a6-ad72-177957715162","word":"indulge","definition":"To allow oneself or another to enjoy something freely or excessively.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"indulgir","language_family":"latin","root":"indulgere","root_meaning":"to be lenient; yield; show favor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"indulge","meaning":"to allow oneself or another to enjoy something freely or excessively","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indulgere","meaning":"to be kind to, be lenient toward, yield to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["indulgence","indulgent","indulgently","indulgable","self-indulgent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pamper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yield","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"3758d5e8-25d4-4e3b-af1f-15d3d7aeb406","word":"industrial","definition":"Relating to or produced by manufacturing or trade industries.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"industrial","language_family":"latin","root":"industria","root_meaning":"diligence or assiduity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"industrial","meaning":"relating to manufacturing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"industry","meaning":"diligent labor or trade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"industria","meaning":"diligence, industriousness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"indu- + strua","meaning":"in + build","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["industry","industrialize","industrious","industries"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manufacturing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commercial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mercantile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"e8561006-08ec-4a46-8d6b-0010f337e160","word":"industries","definition":"The plural form of industry; sectors of the economy producing goods or services, or diligent and hardworking effort.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"industrias","language_family":"latin","root":"industria","root_meaning":"diligence, activity, hard work","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"industries","meaning":"economic sectors or diligent effort","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"industry","meaning":"diligence, earnest effort","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"industrie","meaning":"diligence, skill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"industria","meaning":"diligence, activity, hard work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"industrius","meaning":"diligent, earnest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["industry","industrial","industrious","industrialize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sectors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"businesses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manufactures","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"ec5b9d6a-9339-4043-8ceb-b119a5ee2930","word":"industry","definition":"The manufacturing or commercial businesses, or diligent and persistent effort in work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"industria","language_family":"latin","root":"industrius","root_meaning":"diligent, zealous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"industry","meaning":"manufacturing or diligence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"industrie","meaning":"trade, diligence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"industria","meaning":"diligence, dedication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"industrius","meaning":"diligent, zealous, applied","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["industrial","industrious","industrialize","industrialist","industries"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manufacturing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"diligence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commerce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sector","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"59ce14b1-6b74-42ab-9a93-156e1815c941","word":"inevitable","definition":"Certain to happen; unavoidable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inevitable","language_family":"latin","root":"inevitabilis","root_meaning":"unavoidable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inevitable","meaning":"Certain to happen; unavoidable.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"inevitable","meaning":"unavoidable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inevitabilis","meaning":"unavoidable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"evitabilis","meaning":"avoidable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evitare","meaning":"to avoid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inevitability","avoid","evade","inevitablement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unavoidable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inescapable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"e637e78f-9cd9-4063-bb6a-eccd21e7ba2e","word":"inevitably","definition":"In a way that cannot be avoided or prevented.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"inevitablemente","language_family":"latin","root":"inevitabilis","root_meaning":"unavoidable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inevitably","meaning":"in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inevitable","meaning":"unavoidable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"evitare","meaning":"to avoid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"forming adverbs","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inevitable","inevitability","inevitableness","evitable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unavoidably","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necessarily","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inexorably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"c5e509c4-bc83-47c7-af5f-279ddb5e7df5","word":"inexpensive","definition":"Not costing a great deal; cheap.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"in- + expendere","root_meaning":"not costly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inexpensive","meaning":"not costly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"17th C.","word":"expensive","meaning":"costing much","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"expendere","meaning":"to weigh out, pay","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*pend-","meaning":"to stretch, to weigh","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expensive","cost","price","expenditure","pensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cheap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affordable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"economical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"745123b2-ec3e-473c-8899-b675f4e93a47","word":"inexperienced","definition":"Lacking knowledge, skill, or wisdom gained through practice or exposure to a particular field or activity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inexperto","language_family":"latin","root":"experiri","root_meaning":"to try, test, put to the proof","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inexperienced","meaning":"lacking practical knowledge","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"in- + experienced","meaning":"not having experience","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"experientia","meaning":"trial, proof, knowledge from experience","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"experiri","meaning":"to try, test","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + *periri","meaning":"out + to go through, risk","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*per-","meaning":"to lead, pass over, try, risk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["experience","experienced","inexperience","experiential","experiment","expertise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"novice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"green","formality":"informal"},{"word":"unseasoned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"callow","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"6fd4f742-80e7-4703-9027-be260bf38521","word":"infamous","definition":"Having a bad reputation; notorious.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"infame","language_family":"latin","root":"fāma","root_meaning":"report, reputation, fame","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infamous","meaning":"having a bad reputation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"īnfāmōsus / īnfāmis","meaning":"ill-famed, disreputable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fāma","meaning":"report, reputation, fame","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fārī","meaning":"to speak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin / Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infamy","famous","fame","defame","infamously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notorious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disreputable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ill-famed","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"73a4a383-59a5-4d44-bbba-43458bb6940d","word":"infant","definition":"A very young child or baby.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"infante","language_family":"latin","root":"infans","root_meaning":"not speaking, speechless","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂- + in-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infant","meaning":"A very young child or baby.","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"enfant","meaning":"child, baby","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infans","meaning":"not speaking, speechless","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infancy","infantile","infantry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"baby","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"newborn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"babe","formality":"literary"},{"word":"toddler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"516f350e-0641-463c-863d-410cafbaae05","word":"infect","definition":"To contaminate with a disease-causing organism or substance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"infectar","language_family":"latin","root":"inficere","root_meaning":"to stain, dye, spoil, corrupt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infect","meaning":"to contaminate with disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inficere","meaning":"to stain, dye, spoil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infection","infectious","disinfect","confection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contaminate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pollute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"f44aca66-53d8-4f03-a55e-dced065d76d6","word":"infection","definition":"The process of infecting or the state of being infected, especially by a disease-causing microorganism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"infección","language_family":"latin","root":"inficere","root_meaning":"to stain, dye, corrupt, taint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infection","meaning":"state of being infected","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"infection","meaning":"a corrupting, tainting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infectio","meaning":"a dyeing, staining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inficere","meaning":"to put in, stain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infect","infectious","disinfectant","fact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contagion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contamination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ailment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"e6a5f392-63ad-4818-a2c9-f49e573a4b6c","word":"infectious","definition":"(Of a disease or disease-causing organism) likely to be transmitted to people, animals, or plants through the environment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"infeccioso","language_family":"latin","root":"infectus","root_meaning":"to put in, stain, tinge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infectious","meaning":"(Of a disease or disease-causing organism) likely to be transmitted","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"infectious","meaning":"liable to contaminate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infect","meaning":"to put in, stain, tinge, corrupt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infect","infection","disinfectant","faculty","effect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contagious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communicable","formality":"technical"},{"word":"catching","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"d5433901-07d5-41f7-a161-c708396067c7","word":"inferior","definition":"Lower in rank, status, quality, or position.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inferior","language_family":"latin","root":"inferus","root_meaning":"lower, below","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inferior","meaning":"lower in rank, status, quality, or position","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inferior","meaning":"lower; beneath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inferus","meaning":"lower, below","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inferiority","inferiorly","infernal","inferno","inferus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lesser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subordinate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"4d4e2369-05e4-4d22-bd08-467d36537284","word":"inferno","definition":"A place or situation of extreme torment or chaos, especially hell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"infierno","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin infernus / inferus","root_meaning":"lower; below; underworld","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*n̥dʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inferno","meaning":"hell; a hellish place or scene","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inferno","meaning":"hell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infernus","meaning":"lower; of the underworld","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inferus","meaning":"lower; beneath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*n̥dʰer-","meaning":"under; below","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infernal","infernally","infernos","infern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underworld","formality":"literary"},{"word":"netherworld","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"4dfcef73-0c89-452c-97af-fc43b297e330","word":"infiltrate","definition":"To penetrate or enter surreptitiously, or to pass through by filtration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"infiltrar","language_family":"latin","root":"infiltrō","root_meaning":"to filter in; to seep through","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infiltrate","meaning":"to penetrate or enter surreptitiously, or to pass through by filtration","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"infiltrate","meaning":"earlier adjective form","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"infiltrātus","meaning":"filtered in; seeped through","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"infiltrō","meaning":"to filter in; to seep through","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infiltration","infiltrator","infiltrative","infiltrated","infiltrating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"penetrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"permeate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"insinuate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"665cd964-06a1-4a5d-926c-4bb580ed0fa7","word":"infinite","definition":"Limitless or endless in space, extent, or size; impossible to measure or calculate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"infinito","language_family":"latin","root":"finis","root_meaning":"end, boundary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infinite","meaning":"without limits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infinitus","meaning":"boundless, endless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"finitus","meaning":"limited","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finis","meaning":"end, boundary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finite","infinity","infinitesimal","finish","definite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unlimited","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boundless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"3c48d259-d8d3-46dc-b821-43cd72bcc120","word":"infinity","definition":"The state of being endless or without limit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"infinidad","language_family":"latin","root":"infinitas","root_meaning":"boundlessness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infinity","meaning":"endlessness or boundlessness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"infinité","meaning":"boundlessness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infinitas","meaning":"endlessness, boundlessness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infinitus","meaning":"unbounded, endless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"finis","meaning":"end, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finite","infinitely","infinitude","infinite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limitlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eternity","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"ad58d8b9-4155-4361-9181-8666c9c3dceb","word":"inflation","definition":"A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inflación","language_family":"latin","root":"inflare","root_meaning":"to blow into, to swell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inflation","meaning":"increase in prices","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inflatio","meaning":"a blowing into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inflare","meaning":"to blow into, to swell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inflate","inflated","flation","deflation","conflate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expansion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"a7ac0f38-204a-4989-8ebb-fc31bd7bf2fd","word":"influence","definition":"The capacity or power to affect the character, development, or behavior of someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"influencia","language_family":"latin","root":"influere","root_meaning":"to flow into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"influence","meaning":"power to affect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"influentia","meaning":"flowing in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"influere","meaning":"to flow into","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["influential","influencer","influenced","influencing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sway","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"003f9712-b5b0-44c6-89bc-68475d457e4b","word":"influential","definition":"Having the power to affect people, events, or decisions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"influyente","language_family":"latin","root":"fluere","root_meaning":"to flow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhleu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"influential","meaning":"having strong influence","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"influence","meaning":"the power to affect people or events","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"influence","meaning":"a flowing in; an effect or power that acts on others","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"influentiā","meaning":"an inflowing or action of flowing in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"influere","meaning":"to flow into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fluere","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["influence","influencer","influencing","uninfluential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powerful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"important","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persuasive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"c239d501-ab1c-49ad-aa0f-12a316166509","word":"info","definition":"Short for information; facts or knowledge about something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"info","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin informare","root_meaning":"to give form to, instruct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"in- + formare (from forma)","etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"info","meaning":"information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"information","meaning":"knowledge imparted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"informare","meaning":"to give form to, instruct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["information","informative","inform","informal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"information","formality":"formal"},{"word":"details","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"data","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.673Z"}
{"id":"a37ff2d3-4293-4288-ba43-19d5a2c6fc8b","word":"inform","definition":"To give facts or information to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"informar","language_family":"latin","root":"īnfōrmāre","root_meaning":"to shape, form, train","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"īnfōrmāre","meaning":"To give form to, instruct, educate.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"inform","meaning":"To tell, give information.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"informar","meaning":"To inform.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["information","informative","informant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tell","formality":"informal"},{"word":"advise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"5d4acd6d-2f26-4d6e-abec-d199b20db703","word":"informant","definition":"A person who gives information to another, especially one who provides information about criminal activity to the police.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"informante","language_family":"latin","root":"informare","root_meaning":"to give form to, instruct, describe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"informant","meaning":"Information giver","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"informant","meaning":"one who informs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"informantem","meaning":"informing (present participle of informare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"informare","meaning":"to give form to, instruct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inform","information","informative","informer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tipster","formality":"informal"},{"word":"notifier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"informer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"fec87588-f81d-47cf-96fb-d82d3e20943e","word":"information","definition":"Facts or knowledge provided or learned about something or someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"información","language_family":"latin","root":"informare","root_meaning":"to inform or shape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"information","meaning":"facts or knowledge communicated","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"information","meaning":"instruction or training","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"informare","meaning":"to give form to, to inform","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in + formare","meaning":"in + to form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inform","informative","informant","information"],"synonyms":[{"word":"data","formality":"technical"},{"word":"knowledge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"facts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intelligence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"e2d51ae1-8071-4443-ae9f-b1f3e93f7d75","word":"informational","definition":"Providing or conveying information.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"informacional","language_family":"latin","root":"informare","root_meaning":"to give form to, instruct, teach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*formos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"informational","meaning":"providing information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"information","meaning":"act of informing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"information","meaning":"instruction","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"informatio","meaning":"concept, idea, instruction","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"informare","meaning":"to give form to, instruct","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"forma","meaning":"form, shape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inform","information","form","formula","reform","deform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instructive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"educational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"11144100-6dd2-47e2-907b-91e4d062c4e8","word":"informative","definition":"Providing useful or interesting information.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"informativo","language_family":"latin","root":"informare","root_meaning":"to give form to, instruct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"informative","meaning":"providing information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"inform","meaning":"to instruct, tell","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"enformer","meaning":"to instruct, train","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"informare","meaning":"to give form to, instruct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inform","information","formula","formal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"educational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instructive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enlightening","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"a466bb8a-dbe6-45d5-bcf9-573d25100411","word":"informed","definition":"Having or showing knowledge of a subject obtained from study or experience.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"informado","language_family":"latin","root":"informare","root_meaning":"to give form to; to instruct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"in- + forma","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"informed","meaning":"knowledgeable; instructed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"inform","meaning":"to tell; to give form to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"informare","meaning":"to shape; to instruct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + forma","meaning":"into form; shape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inform","information","formative","formation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knowledgeable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"educated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aware","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conversant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"b02dca65-574d-429c-9668-c054948bad68","word":"informer","definition":"A person who secretly gives information against someone, especially to the authorities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"informador","language_family":"latin","root":"informare","root_meaning":"to shape; train; instruct; later, to inform","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"informer","meaning":"one who gives information against another","children":[{"era":"late 14c.","word":"enfourmer","meaning":"instructor; one who teaches or gives advice","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enformeor","meaning":"instructor; teacher","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"informare","meaning":"to shape; train; instruct; educate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"shape; form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inform","information","informant","informed","informative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"informant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"snitch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"denouncer","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"363168e2-aedb-4e27-abb8-d5b1042489a2","word":"infrared","definition":"Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"infrarrojo","language_family":"latin","root":"infra, rēad","root_meaning":"below, red","root_language":"Latin, Old English","root_era":"classical, pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁rowdʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infrared","meaning":"Electromagnetic radiation beyond red","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infra-","meaning":"below, underneath","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"red","meaning":"red","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*raudaz","meaning":"red","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*h₁rowdʰ-","meaning":"red","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infrastructure","infraorbital","rubric","ruby","rust","ruddy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thermal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heat-emitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sub-red","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"a9c3de53-53f6-4c25-bd31-547fb1563ed5","word":"infrastructure","definition":"Basic physical systems and facilities needed for operation of a society, such as roads, power, and communications.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"infraestructura","language_family":"latin","root":"infra + structura","root_meaning":"below + arrangement, structure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"infrastructure","meaning":"foundational systems and facilities","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"infra- + structure","meaning":"below + built system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infra","meaning":"below, beneath","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"structura","meaning":"arrangement, building","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["structure","infrastructure","superstructure","infrastructural"],"synonyms":[{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facilities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"systems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foundations","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"33634d92-397d-472d-a22c-cc93c9359dd7","word":"infringement","definition":"The action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, or copyright; violation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"infringimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"infringere","root_meaning":"to break, to transgress","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"infringement","meaning":"The action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, or copyright; violation.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"infringere","meaning":"to break, to transgress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"frangere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["infringe","fragile","fraction","refract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"violation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"breach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transgression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trespass","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"34e9e709-5ec9-433a-9cd3-aada0a0df348","word":"ingenious","definition":"Having sharp, inventive intelligence or marked cleverness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ingenioso","language_family":"latin","root":"ingeniosus","root_meaning":"talented, clever, naturally disposed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ingenious","meaning":"sharp, inventive, clever","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ingeniosus","meaning":"talented, clever, inventive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ingenium","meaning":"innate quality; talent; natural disposition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gignere","meaning":"to beget, produce","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*ǵenh₁-","meaning":"to beget, give birth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ingenuity","ingeniously","ingeniousness","engineer","engine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inventive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resourceful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brilliant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"09fa6a98-de1a-4733-b309-bebc056a2174","word":"ingredient","definition":"Any of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ingrediente","language_family":"latin","root":"ingredientem","root_meaning":"entering into, composing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gredh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ingredient","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"ingredient","meaning":"component","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ingredientem","meaning":"entering into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gradi","meaning":"to step","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ingress","grade","digress","progress","gradient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"component","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"element","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constituent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"b1a0964c-c10c-4e76-8bf4-d753a5eb49ce","word":"inhabitant","definition":"A person or animal that lives in a place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"habitante","language_family":"latin","root":"inhabitare","root_meaning":"to dwell in, live in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inhabitant","meaning":"a dweller or resident","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inhabit","meaning":"to live in or occupy a place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inhabitare","meaning":"to dwell in","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ant","meaning":"present-participle adjective/noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin/French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inhabit","inhabitation","habitant","habitable","habitat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dweller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occupant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"denizen","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"4cca5f2c-b1b3-4c72-89fb-1ff7132ac6d7","word":"inhale","definition":"To breathe in, taking air or other substances into the lungs.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"inhalar","language_family":"latin","root":"inhalare","root_meaning":"breathe in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*hanh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inhale","meaning":"To breathe in, taking air or other substances into the lungs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inhalare","meaning":"to breathe in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"halare","meaning":"to breathe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["exhale","inhalation","halitosis","spirit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breathe in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inspire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"draw in","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"25fae7dd-3465-4f14-86be-d91a65765bbd","word":"inherit","definition":"To receive (money, property, or a title) as an heir at the death of the previous holder.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"heredar","language_family":"french","root":"heres","root_meaning":"heir","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inherit","meaning":"receive as heir","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enheriter","meaning":"to inherit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inhereditare","meaning":"to inherit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"heres","meaning":"heir","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heir","heritage","inheritance","hereditary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"succeed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"3d908e1b-f0d4-435f-a5a3-738f29ee08e3","word":"inheritance","definition":"Property or title that descends to an heir.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"herencia","language_family":"latin","root":"inhereditare","root_meaning":"to appoint as heir","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inheritance","meaning":"property or title that descends to an heir","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enheritance","meaning":"inheritance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inhereditare","meaning":"to appoint as heir","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["heir","heritage","inherit","inheritor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heritage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bequest","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"8bfcfe98-0eeb-4314-90f0-80de004cd685","word":"initial","definition":"Relating to or occurring at the beginning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inicial","language_family":"latin","root":"initialis","root_meaning":"of or belonging to a beginning","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"initial","meaning":"relating to the beginning","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"initial","meaning":"of or at the beginning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initialis","meaning":"of a beginning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initium","meaning":"beginning, entrance","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*en-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["initiate","initiation","initiative","beginning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"first","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inaugural","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"e0e592c4-4fa4-42f3-beeb-30bdf9f12369","word":"initiate","definition":"To begin or set going; to admit someone into a secret society or group, typically with a ritual.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"iniciar","language_family":"latin","root":"initiatus","root_meaning":"begun","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"initiate","meaning":"To begin or admit.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initiatus","meaning":"begun (past participle of initiare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initiare","meaning":"to begin, to instruct in the rudiments","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, in","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ire","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["initial","exit","transition","itinerary","adit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"begin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"start","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"originate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"b3c4c1f2-af44-4227-850a-e3af4e38ee43","word":"initiation","definition":"The act or process of beginning, admitting, or introducing someone to a group or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"iniciación","language_family":"latin","root":"initium","root_meaning":"beginning","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"initiation","meaning":"the act or process of beginning, admitting, or introducing someone to a group or activity","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"initiation","meaning":"initiation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initiātiō","meaning":"a beginning; induction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initiāre","meaning":"to begin; initiate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initium","meaning":"beginning","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["initiate","initial","initiative","initiator","initiatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"induction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inauguration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"admission","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"16bde1f2-f05a-4dbe-89ed-f41872f1b89e","word":"initiative","definition":"The ability to assess and initiate things independently; the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"iniciativa","language_family":"french","root":"initiare","root_meaning":"to begin, to introduce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*in- + *ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"initiative","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"initiatif","meaning":"introductory, initial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"initiare","meaning":"to begin, to introduce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ire","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["initiate","initial","inception","itinerant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enterprise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resolve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"423efe1c-bc77-4bef-962e-df7ab6d172dc","word":"injection","definition":"The act of injecting, especially with a hypodermic syringe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inyección","language_family":"french","root":"injectus","root_meaning":"thrown in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yéh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"injection","meaning":"The act of injecting","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"injection","meaning":"the action of injecting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"injectio","meaning":"a throwing in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"injicere","meaning":"to throw in","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inject","projectile","eject","dejection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inoculation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"jab","formality":"informal"},{"word":"infusion","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"5a7c75d5-c209-4221-978b-059baf102d7f","word":"injure","definition":"To do physical harm or damage to a person, animal, or part of the body.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"injuriar","language_family":"latin","root":"injūria","root_meaning":"injustice, wrong","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂en- + *i̯u-s","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"injure","meaning":"to harm","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"injurer","meaning":"to do wrong to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"injūria","meaning":"injustice, wrong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"jus","meaning":"right, law","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*h₂en-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*i̯u-s","meaning":"right, law","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["injury","injurious","justice","just","jury","perjury"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"damage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hurt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"1e9305ce-39f5-407c-85ef-0bf0fd731f80","word":"injury","definition":"Physical harm or damage to the body; or a wrong or injustice done to someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"injuria","language_family":"latin","root":"injuria","root_meaning":"wrong, injustice, harm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"injury","meaning":"physical harm or wrong","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"injurie","meaning":"wrong, harm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"injuria","meaning":"wrong, injustice, harm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + ius","meaning":"not + law, right","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["injure","injured","injurious","reinject","injustice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"damage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrong","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"0ff960c9-c5c8-4dc5-89e2-e8641af9722d","word":"injustice","definition":"Lack of fairness or justice; an unjust act or treatment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"injusticia","language_family":"latin","root":"iniustitia","root_meaning":"unrighteousness, unjust behavior","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yewes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"injustice","meaning":"lack of fairness","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"injustice","meaning":"injustice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iniustitia","meaning":"unrighteousness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"iustitia","meaning":"justice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iustus","meaning":"just, fair","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ius","meaning":"law, right","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*yewes-","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["justice","just","adjust","justify","injury","jurist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unfairness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inequity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partiality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"a00e3e3b-b403-4b4e-852a-b72716c2a7ac","word":"ink","definition":"A dark liquid used for writing, printing, or drawing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"encaustum","root_meaning":"burned in","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ink","meaning":"dark liquid for writing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ink","meaning":"ink, writing fluid","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"encre","meaning":"ink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"encaustum","meaning":"burned in, fluid","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inky","inking","inkwell","inkblot","printer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pigment","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fluid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tint","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"d76481d3-8ac1-4894-972c-317616344446","word":"inkjet","definition":"A type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ink, jet","root_meaning":"ink: fluid for writing; jet: stream of liquid","root_language":"English (compound)","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"20th C","word":"inkjet","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"ink","meaning":"fluid used for writing","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"enke","meaning":"ink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"encaustum","meaning":"purple ink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"enkauston","meaning":"burned in","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"14th C","word":"jet","meaning":"a stream of liquid","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"jeter","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ink","jet","printer","jettison","project"],"synonyms":[{"word":"printer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"output device","formality":"technical"},{"word":"copier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"e80242be-24df-47ae-bf2d-4d68e63ad9e4","word":"inland","definition":"Situated farther inside a country or region, away from the coast.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in land","root_meaning":"inside the land; away from the coast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*landą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inland","meaning":"away from the coast; within the country","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in land","meaning":"inside the land; not by the sea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land, territory","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["land","landward","landlocked","inshore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"landward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"internal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"cd3025eb-0ecb-44af-8a90-19f17e0037ba","word":"inmate","definition":"A person confined to an institution such as a prison or a hospital.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in + mate","root_meaning":"in + companion","root_language":"Old English / Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1400s","proto_root":"*en + *maid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inmate","meaning":"person confined to an institution","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"inmate","meaning":"person in residence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"within","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*en","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"mate","meaning":"companion, fellow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mate","meaning":"companion","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*maid-","meaning":"fellow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English compound"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roommate","shipmate","cellmate","playmate","teammate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prisoner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detainee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resident","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"b0ec0438-056d-49a9-8c53-f362d97dd7ea","word":"inn","definition":"A small hotel or establishment offering lodging and typically food and drink.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English inn","root_meaning":"lodging or residence","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*an-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inn","meaning":"a lodging establishment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"inn","meaning":"lodging, residence","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *inn-","meaning":"inside, within","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inner","inning","inn-keeper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hotel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lodge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tavern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"b5150cb7-b0d3-4a9a-bb6c-06f0953cc7d3","word":"inner","definition":"Situated inside or farther toward the center.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in","root_meaning":"in, within","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*en","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inner","meaning":"Situated inside","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"inner","meaning":"internal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"in, within","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["in","inside","internal","inmost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"internal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innermost","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"798cca36-7e79-43f1-b4c2-db251342f683","word":"innocence","definition":"The state of being free from guilt or sin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inocencia","language_family":"latin","root":"innocentia","root_meaning":"innocence, harmlessness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ne-nok-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"innocence","meaning":"state of being free from guilt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"innocence","meaning":"innocence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"innocentia","meaning":"innocence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["innocent","innocuous","injure","noxious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guiltlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"naivety","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"b86b629c-aa86-491d-bab9-25a0c032126b","word":"innocent","definition":"Not guilty of a crime or offense.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inocente","language_family":"latin","root":"innocens","root_meaning":"not harming, blameless","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"innocent","meaning":"not guilty","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"innocent","meaning":"harmless, pure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"innocens","meaning":"not harming, blameless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"nocere","meaning":"to harm, hurt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["innocence","noxious","innocuous","nocent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blameless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guiltless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"18fd4f49-19df-4478-ba46-7d73ee9a1148","word":"innovation","definition":"The introduction of new things, ideas, or ways of doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"innovación","language_family":"latin","root":"innovare","root_meaning":"to renew, to change","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*new-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"innovation","meaning":"introduction of something new","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"innovatio","meaning":"renewal, alteration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"innovare","meaning":"to renew, to change","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"novus","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["innovate","novel","novelty","new"],"synonyms":[{"word":"novelty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creativity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modernization","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"6b9ab759-6753-4ee6-887a-a634eecf1142","word":"innovative","definition":"Featuring new methods, ideas, or products; original and creative.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"innovador","language_family":"latin","root":"innovare","root_meaning":"to renew, change","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*newo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"innovative","meaning":"new and creative","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"innovativus","meaning":"inclined to innovate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"innovare","meaning":"to renew, change","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["innovation","novelty","renovate","novice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"original","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cutting-edge","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"f843d469-728d-46fc-b83e-23aca3fa130a","word":"input","definition":"Data or power supplied to a device or system for processing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in- + put","root_meaning":"in + to place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*putare (Latin); *peutH- (PIE for push)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"input","meaning":"data or power supplied to a device","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"put","meaning":"to place, cause to go","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"inside, within","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["output","input-output","inputting","inputs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"data","formality":"technical"},{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feed","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"6b6397a2-53bd-4c88-9876-70e488586daa","word":"inquire","definition":"Ask for information from someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"inquirir","language_family":"latin","root":"inquirere","root_meaning":"to seek into, search for, examine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inquire","meaning":"Ask for information","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"enquerre","meaning":"to seek, ask","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inquirere","meaning":"to seek into, search for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek, ask","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["query","question","acquire","require","inquisition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"question","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investigate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"probe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"08872a38-0a93-47ad-83a5-62ece19e602c","word":"inquiry","definition":"An act of asking for information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inquirir","language_family":"french","root":"enquerre","root_meaning":"to inquire","root_language":"Anglo-French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inquiry","meaning":"act of asking for information","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enquerre","meaning":"to inquire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inquirere","meaning":"to seek into, examine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["query","acquire","require","conquer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"investigation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"probe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"eb9b9bb7-922c-4474-9383-b876a1e5deee","word":"inquisition","definition":"A formal inquiry or investigation, especially one that is severe or intrusive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inquisición","language_family":"latin","root":"inquisitionem","root_meaning":"a seeking into; investigation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inquisition","meaning":"a formal inquiry or investigation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inquisitionem","meaning":"an inquiry, investigation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inquirere","meaning":"to seek into, investigate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + quaerere","meaning":"\"into\" + \"seek, ask\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inquire","inquiry","inquisitor","inquisitive","inquisitorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquiry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investigation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interrogation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"a65778af-a7ee-4ba1-8dad-e759e6442186","word":"ins","definition":"Those who are in power or in favor; secret information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in","root_meaning":"in, into, on","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*en","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ins","meaning":"Those in power or favor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"in, into, on","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["in","inside","inner","inward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"access","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"influence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leverage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"d933ecc1-6385-4852-bc3c-df8bb273e7ed","word":"insane","definition":"In a state of mind that prevents normal perception, behavior, or social interaction; seriously mentally ill.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"insano","language_family":"latin","root":"in- + sanus","root_meaning":"not + sound/healthy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insane","meaning":"mentally ill","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"insanus","meaning":"unhealthy, unsound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sanus","meaning":"sound, healthy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sanity","sane","insanity","sanitary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crazy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"deranged","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"84c2c54b-3aa3-4d92-827c-e200a19a3b32","word":"insanity","definition":"The state of being seriously mentally ill; madness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"insanidad","language_family":"latin","root":"insanitas","root_meaning":"unsoundness, madness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insanity","meaning":"mental illness","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"insanity","meaning":"unsoundness of mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insanus","meaning":"mad, unsound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sanus","meaning":"healthy, sound","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*seh₂-","meaning":"to sow, to plant, to satisfy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sane","insane","sanity","sanitation","sound","heal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"madness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lunacy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"derangement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delirium","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"87f844f0-8b01-4b52-bf0e-5b51ed48af61","word":"inscription","definition":"Words written, cut, or engraved on a surface, or the act of placing them there.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inscripción","language_family":"latin","root":"inscriptio","root_meaning":"a writing upon; inscription","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skribh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inscription","meaning":"words written, cut, or engraved on a surface","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inscriptio","meaning":"a writing upon; inscription","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inscribere","meaning":"to write on or in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scribere","meaning":"to write","children":[{"era":"pre-PIE","word":"*skribh-","meaning":"to scratch, cut, write","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inscribe","inscribed","inscribing","scribe","script"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engraving","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"writing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"04c19d8b-048b-4833-be13-3ac988d7ae26","word":"insect","definition":"A small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"insecto","language_family":"latin","root":"insectum","root_meaning":"cut into, notched","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insect","meaning":"a small arthropod","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"insecte","meaning":"insect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insectum","meaning":"notched animal (referring to segmented body)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"secare","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["section","dissect","bisect","segment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"creature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arthropod","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"3da0b043-dca1-452f-bfbe-6ae6b6136b39","word":"insecure","definition":"Not confident or assured; susceptible to fear or anxiety.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inseguro","language_family":"latin","root":"in- + securus","root_meaning":"not + safe, free from care","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*se- + *ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insecure","meaning":"not confident or assured","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1500s","word":"secure","meaning":"safe, firmly fixed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"securus","meaning":"safe, free from care","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["security","secure","insecurity","unsecure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anxious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unsure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doubtful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vulnerable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"d508504a-8025-44d0-91b3-8c997e2e0117","word":"insensitive","definition":"Lacking sensitivity, tact, or emotional responsiveness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"insensible","language_family":"latin","root":"sentire","root_meaning":"to feel, perceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insensitive","meaning":"lacking sensitivity or tact","children":[{"era":"late Middle English","word":"sensitive","meaning":"easily affected or perceptive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sensitive","sensitivity","sensitize","sensibility","insensitivity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unfeeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"callous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tactless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"a9fa0dfc-6aff-4e92-89e7-5e12bdf2fb0b","word":"insert","definition":"To place, fit, or push (something) into something else.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"insertar","language_family":"latin","root":"inserere","root_meaning":"to put in, to implant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insert","meaning":"To place into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insertus","meaning":"to put in, to implant (past participle of inserere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inserere","meaning":"to put in, to implant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insertion","assert","desert","exert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"introduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interject","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"d1a32c8e-c0f3-4496-a4c8-0026076d293f","word":"insertion","definition":"The action of inserting something, or the state of being inserted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inserción","language_family":"latin","root":"insertio","root_meaning":"an insertion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insertion","meaning":"the action of inserting something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insertio","meaning":"an insertion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inserere","meaning":"to insert","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"serere","meaning":"to join","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insert","assertive","series","join"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inclusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"addition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"855d7a12-8a49-4958-ab6d-21da37211f06","word":"inside","definition":"The inner side, surface, or part of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle English inside","root_meaning":"within, inner part","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*in (in) + *side (side)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Inside","meaning":"interior, inner part","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"inside","meaning":"within","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"in, within","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"side, flank","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insides","insider","inside-out","inward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"within","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"1014046e-f515-443a-b81d-6ce00727249a","word":"insider","definition":"A person within a group or organization who has special knowledge or access to confidential information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in","root_meaning":"within","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*en","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insider","meaning":"A person within a group or organization who has special knowledge or access to confidential information.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"inside","meaning":"inner side, interior","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"within","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*en","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"side, flank","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*sīdan","meaning":"side","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*seid-","meaning":"to let fall, to drop, to sink","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*arijaz","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inside","outlier","sideways","inward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confidant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"a531e667-b9e6-4e94-b171-d3ed2d845c14","word":"insignificant","definition":"Insignificant means too small or unimportant to matter.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"insignificante","language_family":"latin","root":"signum","root_meaning":"mark, sign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insignificant","meaning":"too small or unimportant to matter","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"insignificant","meaning":"insignificant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insignificans","meaning":"not signifying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"mark, sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sign","signify","significant","significance","insignificance","insignificantly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trivial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inconsequential","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"a15ef4b2-92a6-4db8-ae29-f58f24b6707d","word":"insist","definition":"To demand something forcefully, not accepting refusal.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"insistir","language_family":"latin","root":"insistere","root_meaning":"to stand upon, persist, dwell upon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insist","meaning":"to demand forcefully","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"insisten","meaning":"to dwell upon","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"insister","meaning":"to insist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insistere","meaning":"to stand upon, persist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sistere","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["persist","resist","subsist","consistent","insistence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assert","formality":"formal"},{"word":"maintain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"urge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"cfe7ccca-0c52-4ffd-b59e-644b7976cf33","word":"insomnia","definition":"A chronic inability to sleep.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"insomnio","language_family":"latin","root":"insomnis","root_meaning":"sleepless","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insomnia","meaning":"chronic inability to sleep","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insomnia","meaning":"want of sleep, sleeplessness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insomnis","meaning":"sleepless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"somnus","meaning":"sleep","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*swep-","meaning":"to sleep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insomniac","somnolent","somniferous","somnambulism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sleeplessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wakefulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sleep deprivation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"27ee0c6a-f572-4600-a5f8-a1e4360ae1fc","word":"inspect","definition":"To examine something carefully and closely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"inspeccionar","language_family":"latin","root":"inspicere","root_meaning":"to look into; examine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inspect","meaning":"examine carefully and closely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin inspectus / inspicere","meaning":"to look into, examine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + specere","meaning":"\"into\" + \"look\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inspection","inspector","inspective","despect","speculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrutinize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"review","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"17a1b39e-10b6-4552-bf5d-3d538ed24e77","word":"inspection","definition":"A careful examination or scrutiny.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inspección","language_family":"latin","root":"inspicere","root_meaning":"to look into, examine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inspection","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inspectio","meaning":"examination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inspicere","meaning":"to look into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inspect","inspector","spectacle","spectator","speculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrutiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"review","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"audit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"1ebe0845-5d0f-4b94-aa55-b66bf58f89b7","word":"inspector","definition":"A person whose job is to examine something carefully, especially to ensure that it is legal or meets standards.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inspector","language_family":"latin","root":"inspectare","root_meaning":"to look into, observe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inspector","meaning":"a person who examines carefully","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"inspector","meaning":"one who looks into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inspectare","meaning":"to look into, observe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"spectare","meaning":"to look","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inspect","inspection","spectacle","speculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examiner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auditor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supervisor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"aec7105f-9f82-4f6c-ae5e-89455248d103","word":"inspiration","definition":"The process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inspiración","language_family":"latin","root":"inspirare","root_meaning":"to breathe in, inflame","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inspiration","meaning":"mental stimulation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inspiracion","meaning":"divine influence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inspiratio","meaning":"a breathing into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inspirare","meaning":"to breathe into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"spirare","meaning":"to breathe","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inspire","spirit","respiration","perspiration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"muse","formality":"literary"},{"word":"stimulus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revelation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"20df76cc-5391-45ef-9e42-f6091ca7e1d2","word":"inspire","definition":"To fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"inspirar","language_family":"latin","root":"inspirare","root_meaning":"to breathe in, to infuse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inspire","meaning":"To fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inspirer","meaning":"to breathe into, inspire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inspirare","meaning":"to breathe in, to infuse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"spirare","meaning":"to breathe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spirit","respiration","aspiration","conspire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motivate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encourage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"animate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uplift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"95671a55-7f3c-40f6-a988-776f8bc88d85","word":"install","definition":"To set up or place equipment, software, or a person in position for use.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"instalar","language_family":"latin","root":"installare","root_meaning":"to put in stall, establish","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"install","meaning":"to set up or place in position","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instal","meaning":"to place in office or position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"installare","meaning":"to put in a stall, establish","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["installed","installing","installation","installer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"set up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"establish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"3b9c2a3d-4aca-467c-b178-7f924a587d94","word":"installation","definition":"The action of installing someone or something, or a large art work or structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instalación","language_family":"latin","root":"installare","root_meaning":"to place in a stall","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"installation","meaning":"the act of installing","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"install","meaning":"to place in position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"installare","meaning":"to place in a stall","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["install","installer","installed","installment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"setup","formality":"informal"},{"word":"placement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"8d9b9c0c-fc94-4962-8948-4bfa95c62ab8","word":"installed","definition":"Past tense of install; set up or placed something in position for use.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"instalado","language_family":"french","root":"in + stall","root_meaning":"in + position or place","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"installed","meaning":"set up in position","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"install","meaning":"to set in position","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"installer","meaning":"to place in position","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"900s","word":"stall","meaning":"place, position","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["install","installation","installer","installing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"set up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"established","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"6eecd155-d87c-45dc-9acd-3c41bef3eb8c","word":"instance","definition":"An example or occurrence of something; a particular case.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instancia","language_family":"latin","root":"instantia","root_meaning":"urgency or presence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instance","meaning":"example or case","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instance","meaning":"example or occasion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instantia","meaning":"urgency or presence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instans","meaning":"standing near or urgent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instancy","instant","instantaneous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"example","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"case","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occurrence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"d5275d28-969b-4527-84f1-d7f788c3cd76","word":"instant","definition":"A very short moment of time; or occurring immediately without delay.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instante","language_family":"latin","root":"instans","root_meaning":"standing near, pressing upon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instant","meaning":"a moment of time","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instant","meaning":"present moment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instantem","meaning":"standing near, urgent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instans","meaning":"standing upon, pressing","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*stā-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instantly","instance","instantaneous","instancy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"second","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immediate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"8e421392-bc87-4499-85ad-0e5a604b0db6","word":"instead","definition":"In place of; as an alternative or substitute for something else.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in stede","root_meaning":"in place or stead","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instead","meaning":"in place of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instead","meaning":"in stead or place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stede","meaning":"place or stead","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stead","steadfast","steadfast","stead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alternatively","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in place of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conversely","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"a26a2f76-27e2-4756-905f-c541b43cac44","word":"instinct","definition":"An innate, typically fixed pattern of behavior in animals in response to certain stimuli.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instinto","language_family":"latin","root":"instinctus","root_meaning":"instigation, impulse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instinct","meaning":"An innate behavioral pattern","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"instinct","meaning":"a natural impulse","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instinct","meaning":"instigation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instinctus","meaning":"instigation, impulse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instinguere","meaning":"to instigate, incite","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["innate","impulse","natural","intuition","inherent","instinctive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impulse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intuition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proclivity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"predisposition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"7bcccb6c-fc1c-478a-b045-55dc762fe9d2","word":"institute","definition":"An organization established for a particular purpose; to establish or set in operation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"institución","language_family":"latin","root":"instituere","root_meaning":"to set up, establish, arrange","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"institute","meaning":"established organization or system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instituere","meaning":"to set up, arrange, establish","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*stə-","meaning":"to place, stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["institution","institutional","institutionalize","institute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"establish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"academy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"begin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"6b8943c3-9490-4357-8911-49e0a74399ed","word":"institution","definition":"An established organization or practice, especially of social importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"institución","language_family":"latin","root":"institutio","root_meaning":"arrangement, instruction, custom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"instituere","meaning":"To set up, establish.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"institutio","meaning":"Arrangement, custom, teaching.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"institution","meaning":"Established organization or law.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"institución","meaning":"Institution, foundation.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["institute","institutional","constitute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"establishment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outfit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"30424800-e548-42bf-843e-b24613ea6a92","word":"institutional","definition":"Relating to a large and established organization or system.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"institucional","language_family":"latin","root":"instituere","root_meaning":"to set up, establish, ordain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"institutional","meaning":"relating to an institution","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"institution","meaning":"act of instituting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"institucion","meaning":"institution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"institūtiō","meaning":"a setting up, arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instituere","meaning":"to set up, establish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["institution","institute","constituent","substitute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organizational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systemic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"formal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"9f2ce81e-886c-445b-b8f5-294b346647da","word":"institutions","definition":"Established organizations or systems created for specific social, educational, or governmental purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instituciones","language_family":"latin","root":"institutio","root_meaning":"establishment, instruction, arrangement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"institutions","meaning":"established organizations","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"institution","meaning":"establishment, founding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"institutio","meaning":"establishment, arrangement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["institution","institutional","institutionalize","institutionalized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"organizations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"establishments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"systems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bodies","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"c232c023-75c4-4f1a-9694-70d692431d69","word":"instruct","definition":"To teach or train someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"instruir","language_family":"latin","root":"īnstruere","root_meaning":"to build in, teach, equip","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instruct","meaning":"to teach or train","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"īnstruere","meaning":"to build in, teach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"struere","meaning":"to build","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["structure","instrument","construct","destroy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"educate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"train","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"afa889a7-0815-4947-a6cf-b91af56ab74c","word":"instruction","definition":"The act of teaching or providing information, or a command or direction to be followed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instrucción","language_family":"latin","root":"instructus","root_meaning":"built up, arranged, equipped","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*streu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instruction","meaning":"teaching or command","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instruction","meaning":"teaching, education","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"instruire","meaning":"to construct, teach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instructus","meaning":"equipped, arranged","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instruct","instructor","instructive","instructions","instructs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teaching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"command","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"ac1953bf-afe5-4a25-b57d-1f6df6427f00","word":"instructions","definition":"Detailed information or directions on how to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instrucciones","language_family":"latin","root":"instructus","root_meaning":"arranged, organized, equipped","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instructions","meaning":"directions or orders","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instruction","meaning":"teaching, direction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instructio","meaning":"arrangement, organization, teaching","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instruct","instructor","instructive","instruction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"directions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidelines","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orders","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commands","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"96d52ca8-84f0-4604-8ef1-b9281bfe0740","word":"instructor","definition":"A person who teaches someone a practical skill or subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instructor","language_family":"latin","root":"instruere","root_meaning":"to build, teach","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instructor","meaning":"a person who teaches","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"instructor","meaning":"instructor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instructor","meaning":"teacher, trainer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instruere","meaning":"to build, prepare, teach","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instruct","instruction","structure","construct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teacher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tutor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"706ab719-1e6a-4ba1-b9fc-9bdd534c525c","word":"instrument","definition":"A tool or implement, especially one used for delicate or scientific work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instrumento","language_family":"latin","root":"instrumentum","root_meaning":"tool, implement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*streh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instrument","meaning":"a tool","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"instrument","meaning":"tool, implement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instrumentum","meaning":"tool, implement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instruere","meaning":"to build, prepare, instruct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instrumental","instruct","industry","structure","construction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"implement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"a746d0d9-18aa-4217-984b-7750da8eb6bc","word":"instrumental","definition":"Serving as a means or tool; crucial to a result.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"instrumental","language_family":"latin","root":"instrumentum","root_meaning":"tool, equipment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instrumental","meaning":"Serving as a means or tool","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"instrumental","meaning":"serving as an instrument","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"instrumentalis","meaning":"pertaining to an instrument","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instrumentum","meaning":"tool, equipment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instruere","meaning":"to build, to furnish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instrument","instruction","constructive","structure","construct","destruct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crucial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vital","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pivotal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"837d8601-2873-4805-98cc-46d8762554ce","word":"instrumentation","definition":"The process of designing, constructing, and applying musical instruments, or the arrangement of a piece of music for instruments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instrumentación","language_family":"latin","root":"instrumentum","root_meaning":"tool, implement, means","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*streh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instrumentation","meaning":"the process of designing and applying instruments","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"instrument","meaning":"a tool or device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instrumentum","meaning":"tool, implement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instruere","meaning":"to build, equip","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instrument","construct","structure","instruct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tooling","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"101a702f-19c4-4528-9950-349bb23aa66c","word":"instruments","definition":"Tools or devices for measuring, detecting, or producing sound; implements for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"instrumentos","language_family":"latin","root":"instruere","root_meaning":"to prepare, equip, build","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stru-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"instruments","meaning":"tools, devices, implements","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"instrument","meaning":"tool, implement, musical device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instrumentum","meaning":"tool, equipment, thing for use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"instruere","meaning":"to prepare, equip, arrange","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["instrument","instrumental","instrumentation","instruct","construct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tools","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"implements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"a2284146-2e35-4d65-9fa8-e6f974674f4e","word":"insufficient","definition":"Not adequate in amount, quality, or degree to meet a need or requirement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"insuficiente","language_family":"latin","root":"sufficere","root_meaning":"to be enough, to put under (sub- under + facere to make/do)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insufficient","meaning":"not adequate or enough","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"insufficientem","meaning":"not sufficient, inadequate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + sufficientem","meaning":"negation prefix + present participle of sufficere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sufficere","meaning":"to be enough (sub- + facere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suffice","sufficiency","deficiency","inefficient","insufficiently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inadequate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deficient","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lacking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scanty","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"f999d2c9-f6bf-4a22-a54a-ff71367fc01d","word":"insulation","definition":"Material used to prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aislamiento","language_family":"latin","root":"insula","root_meaning":"island","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insulation","meaning":"material for isolating","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"insulatio","meaning":"making an island of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insula","meaning":"island","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insulate","island","isolated","isolation","peninsula"],"synonyms":[{"word":"padding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lagging","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wadding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"727ba990-951e-42fb-9b13-54564dd63bb7","word":"insulin","definition":"A hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"insulina","language_family":"latin","root":"insula","root_meaning":"island","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insulin","meaning":"hormone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insula","meaning":"island (referring to islets of Langerhans)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["isle","island","peninsula","insulate","isolate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hormone","formality":"technical"},{"word":"peptide","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"63737424-17b4-4456-8418-13d36ce6c99e","word":"insult","definition":"to treat with gross indignity or contempt.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"insultar","language_family":"latin","root":"insultare","root_meaning":"to jump upon, to assail","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insult","meaning":"to offend","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"insulter","meaning":"to jump upon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insultare","meaning":"to jump upon, to assail","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"at, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"saltare","meaning":"to jump","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assault","desultory","exult","resilience"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affront","formality":"formal"},{"word":"slight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"e9a1fb92-ef95-40c8-be14-46b5d4f7dec2","word":"insurance","definition":"An arrangement by which a company provides protection or payment in the event of loss, damage, or specified occurrence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"seguro","language_family":"french","root":"insurer","root_meaning":"to make sure, assure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"insurance","meaning":"protection by contractual agreement","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"insurance","meaning":"assurance of protection","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"insurer","meaning":"to make sure","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insure","insurer","ensure","assurance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coverage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assurance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guarantee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"ceb66acd-ab74-40b1-9872-f9d7dd5fc671","word":"insure","definition":"To arrange for compensation in case of damage or loss, typically by paying premiums.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asegurar","language_family":"latin","root":"enseurer","root_meaning":"to make sure, to guarantee","root_language":"Anglo-French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"insure","meaning":"To arrange for compensation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"insure","meaning":"to make sure, to guarantee","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"enseurer","meaning":"to make sure, to assure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"en-","meaning":"in, make","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seur","meaning":"sure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"securus","meaning":"safe, secure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assure","ensure","secure","security","surety","insurance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeguard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guarantee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"c64cae32-a4d5-4f60-ba94-69729d65a3fc","word":"int","definition":"An abbreviation for integer in programming; a whole number without decimal points.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"integer","root_meaning":"whole, untouched","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"int","meaning":"abbreviation for integer","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"integer","meaning":"whole number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integer","meaning":"whole, untouched","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["integer","integral","integrate","intact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"integer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"whole number","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"f9da3c4d-9f88-47b2-b931-aeba17074473","word":"intact","definition":"Undamaged in any way; complete and pristine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intacto","language_family":"latin","root":"intactus","root_meaning":"untouched, unharmed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intact","meaning":"Undamaged in any way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intactus","meaning":"untouched","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tactus","meaning":"touched (past participle of tangere)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tangible","contact","integer","entire","touch","tactile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undamaged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unbroken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pristine","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"63ae31af-9b2c-4a3c-b280-5891c77c8074","word":"intake","definition":"The act of taking in, or the amount taken in.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"in, taka","root_meaning":"into, grasp/seize","root_language":"Old English, Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*en-, *deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intake","meaning":"The act of taking in","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"800s-1000s","word":"taka","meaning":"grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","undertake","income","draw-in","take-up"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absorption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consumption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ingestion","formality":"technical"},{"word":"admission","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"63edd677-b45c-4b79-912d-43dea572ca65","word":"integer","definition":"A whole number; a number that is not a fraction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"íntegro","language_family":"latin","root":"integer","root_meaning":"whole, untouched, entire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"integer","meaning":"A whole number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integer","meaning":"whole, untouched, entire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tangere","meaning":"to touch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*tag-","meaning":"to touch, handle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["integrate","integral","integrity","entire","tangent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whole number","formality":"technical"},{"word":"numeral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"value","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"71488a2f-2e76-42fa-a9bb-b7db6913216b","word":"integral","definition":"Necessary to make a whole complete; fundamental.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"integral","language_family":"latin","root":"integer","root_meaning":"untouched, whole, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"integral","meaning":"Essential or fundamental.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integralis","meaning":"pertaining to an integer, whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integer","meaning":"untouched, whole, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["integrate","integer","integrity","integration","entire","integrand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"essential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fundamental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intrinsic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inherent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"db8d3b96-9c72-44af-a033-5a3516dd32ca","word":"integrate","definition":"To combine one thing with another to form a whole.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"integrar","language_family":"latin","root":"integrāre","root_meaning":"to make whole, renew","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"integrāre","meaning":"To make whole, restore, renew.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"integrate","meaning":"To combine into a whole.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"integrar","meaning":"To integrate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["integration","integral","integrity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a856e852-927f-4bd1-b7a1-13a73d183edb","word":"integrated","definition":"Combined or coordinated into a unified whole.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"integrado","language_family":"latin","root":"integratus","root_meaning":"made whole, completed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"integrated","meaning":"combined into a unified whole","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"integrate","meaning":"to combine into a whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integratus","meaning":"made whole, completed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integer","meaning":"untouched, whole, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["integrate","integration","integer","integral","integrity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consolidated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merged","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"2891273d-f64e-4834-92c3-904f84f08384","word":"integration","definition":"The process of combining or coordinating parts into a unified whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"integración","language_family":"latin","root":"integrare","root_meaning":"to make whole, from integer (whole)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"integration","meaning":"combining into a whole","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"integration","meaning":"the act of making whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integrare","meaning":"to make whole","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["integrate","integer","integral","integrity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"combination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coordination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"7c8c1ac3-9bcd-427a-ada1-0a17518c79ab","word":"integrity","definition":"The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"integridad","language_family":"latin","root":"integritas","root_meaning":"wholeness, completeness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"integrity","meaning":"moral uprightness","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"integrité","meaning":"wholeness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integritas","meaning":"wholeness, soundness, completeness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"integer","meaning":"untouched, entire, whole","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["integral","integrate","integer","integration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honesty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uprightness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"probity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rectitude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"31cd5128-6519-48ce-a325-7ef89f1b823b","word":"intel","definition":"Short for intelligence; information, especially secret or strategic information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"intelligentia","root_meaning":"understanding, knowledge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"intel","meaning":"secret information","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"intel","meaning":"abbreviated form of intelligence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"intelligence","meaning":"understanding, information","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intelligentia","meaning":"understanding, knowledge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intelligence","intelligent","intelligible","intelligencer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intelligence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"information","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"data","formality":"formal"},{"word":"details","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"cda870f0-0fad-4d80-a6cf-7faa36741a9f","word":"intellect","definition":"Intellect is the capacity for understanding, reasoning, and thinking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intelecto","language_family":"latin","root":"intellectus","root_meaning":"understanding, perception","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intellect","meaning":"capacity for understanding, reasoning, and thinking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intellectus","meaning":"understanding, perception","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intelligere","meaning":"to understand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to gather, choose, read","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intellectual","intelligent","intelligible","intelligently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intelligence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mind","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"e8048fa1-49d9-4b36-81a7-dfcf4766f541","word":"intellectual","definition":"Relating to the intellect; characterized by a high degree of intelligence or mental capacity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intelectual","language_family":"latin","root":"intellectualis","root_meaning":"pertaining to the understanding","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intellectual","meaning":"relating to the intellect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intellectualis","meaning":"pertaining to the understanding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intellectus","meaning":"understanding (past participle of intellegere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intellegere","meaning":"to understand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intellect","intelligence","understand","legible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"academic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erudite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cerebral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholarly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"4f61d10a-f55a-40eb-90eb-2832bf1e90ba","word":"intelligence","definition":"The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inteligencia","language_family":"latin","root":"intelligentia","root_meaning":"understanding, comprehension","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intelligence","meaning":"the ability to acquire and apply knowledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intelligentia","meaning":"understanding, comprehension","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intelligere","meaning":"to understand, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intelligent","intelligible","intellect","intellectual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intellect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brainpower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acumen","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"8e030a5a-7fbf-41ce-99e8-ceb5d5586e21","word":"intelligent","definition":"Having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inteligente","language_family":"latin","root":"intelligere","root_meaning":"to understand, discern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intelligent","meaning":"Having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"intelligent","meaning":"understanding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intelligens","meaning":"discerning, understanding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intelligere","meaning":"to understand, discern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to gather, choose, read","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to collect, gather","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intelligence","intellect","intelligible","lecture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"a3d6cad6-9123-4fb8-a8cd-472ef2971a12","word":"intend","definition":"To have as a plan or purpose; to mean to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"entender","language_family":"latin","root":"intendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out, aim at, apply oneself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intend","meaning":"to have as a plan...","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"intend","meaning":"to stretch, direct, aim","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch out, apply oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ten-","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attention","tension","tend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mean","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"a4d1b638-8425-4f32-8de0-e36fe7949465","word":"intended","definition":"Planned or meant to be; designed or purposed for a specific use.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intencionado","language_family":"latin","root":"intendere","root_meaning":"to stretch toward, aim at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intended","meaning":"meant or designed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"intend","meaning":"to aim at, mean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intend","intention","intentional","intending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"planned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"b35cb007-f780-45be-b38b-1df289dd582c","word":"intense","definition":"Of extreme force, degree, or strength.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intenso","language_family":"latin","root":"intendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out, strain, direct towards","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intense","meaning":"Of extreme force or strength","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"intense","meaning":"strongly felt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intensus","meaning":"stretched, strained","children":[],"language":"Latin (past participle)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intent","tension","extend","contend","tendency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powerful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"09d31865-478b-4ef5-9e3d-e25c54cceabf","word":"intensive","definition":"Concentrated on a single area or subject or into a short time; very thorough or vigorous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intensivo","language_family":"latin","root":"intensus","root_meaning":"stretched, strained, intent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intensive","meaning":"thorough, concentrated","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"intensivus","meaning":"serving to intensify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intensus","meaning":"stretched, strained, intent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch toward, aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intend","intense","tension","extension","tender"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thorough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprehensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rigorous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"8fb0276b-95fc-442e-9336-63d6104cc14f","word":"intent","definition":"Having the attention or purpose firmly fixed on something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intento","language_family":"latin","root":"intendere","root_meaning":"to stretch towards, to aim at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intent","meaning":"firmly fixed on something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"intent","meaning":"purpose, intention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch towards, to aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intention","intend","intense","extension"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purposeful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"determined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earnest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"6dae6c9e-f11c-46ec-849c-42b1546aa4bc","word":"intention","definition":"A thing intended; an aim or plan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intención","language_family":"latin","root":"intendere","root_meaning":"to stretch toward, aim at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intention","meaning":"aim, plan","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"intention","meaning":"purpose, design","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intentio","meaning":"a stretching out, purpose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch toward, aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intend","intense","tentative","distend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purpose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"747e579c-fab2-4e7e-9cf7-43189095ab5c","word":"intentional","definition":"Intentional means done on purpose rather than by accident.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intencional","language_family":"latin","root":"intendere","root_meaning":"to stretch toward, aim at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intentional","meaning":"done on purpose","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"intentional","meaning":"relating to intent or purpose","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"intention","meaning":"purpose, aim","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch out toward; aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French / Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intent","intention","intend","intentionally","intentionality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deliberate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purposeful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"voluntary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"e05241ce-b51a-4cf5-99f2-477a3f3ccaae","word":"intentionally","definition":"In a deliberate, purposeful way.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"intencionalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"intendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out, direct, aim at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intentionally","meaning":"in a deliberate, purposeful way","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"intentional + -ly","meaning":"formed from the adjective intentional with the adverbial suffix -ly","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"intentional","meaning":"done on purpose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intentio","meaning":"a stretching, aiming, intention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch out, direct, aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intentional","intention","intend","intent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deliberately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"purposefully","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"on purpose","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"c57fc884-565a-4501-940d-40ec9368688b","word":"inter","definition":"To place (a corpse) in a grave or tomb; to bury.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"enterrar","language_family":"latin","root":"terra","root_meaning":"earth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ters-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inter","meaning":"to bury","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"enterrer","meaning":"to bury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + terra","meaning":"in + earth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrestrial","terrace","terrain","disinter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bury","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entomb","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"0a677ecc-2204-4297-bb08-1808b56a6c95","word":"interact","definition":"To act in such a way as to have an effect on another; to act reciprocally.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"interactuar","language_family":"latin","root":"inter","root_meaning":"between","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interact","meaning":"to act mutually","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"act","meaning":"to do, to drive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["action","activity","agent","intervene","internet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"communicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mingle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"1b39a7d3-22fa-4f9e-a9d7-52d748e8b7e7","word":"interaction","definition":"Reciprocal action or influence; communication or direct involvement with someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interacción","language_family":"latin","root":"inter + actio","root_meaning":"between + action","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁énteros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Interaction","meaning":"reciprocal action","children":[{"era":"current","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English prefix"},{"era":"current","word":"action","meaning":"act","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"actio","meaning":"act, performance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interact","active","intervene","interject","agent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exchange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialogue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collaboration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engagement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"dd9cc075-25eb-4206-9e98-521f832cdbe4","word":"interactive","definition":"Involving mutual or reciprocal action or influence between parties.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"interactivo","language_family":"latin","root":"agere","root_meaning":"to do, act, drive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interactive","meaning":"involving mutual action or influence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"current","word":"active","meaning":"involving action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, act, drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interact","interaction","interactive","interactively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"responsive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"participatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"two-way","formality":"informal"},{"word":"reciprocal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"a36a1361-e869-46a7-99b9-edb99f561ef5","word":"intercept","definition":"To obstruct (someone or something) so as to prevent them from continuing to a destination.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"interceptar","language_family":"latin","root":"intercipere","root_meaning":"to take between, to cut off","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intercept","meaning":"to obstruct or cut off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interceptus","meaning":"caught between, interrupted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capture","except","inception","participate","prince"],"synonyms":[{"word":"block","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obstruct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"c4643bb9-a1e4-4351-abcf-091793fa1b7f","word":"interest","definition":"The feeling of wanting to know or learn something about a person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interés","language_family":"latin","root":"interesse","root_meaning":"to concern, to matter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interest","meaning":"feeling of curiosity, financial charge","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"interest","meaning":"to concern, to matter","children":[{"era":"1200-1400","word":"interesse","meaning":"damage, loss, concern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interesse","meaning":"it concerns, it matters","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interested","interesting","disinterest","self-interest","uninterested"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curiosity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engagement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fascination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"03693ac9-715e-4b9c-a3c7-f44247fc4345","word":"interested","definition":"Having or showing curiosity or concern about something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"interesado","language_family":"latin","root":"interesse","root_meaning":"to matter, concern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":"*inter- + *esse","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interested","meaning":"having concern or curiosity","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"interest","meaning":"concern, importance","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"interesse","meaning":"to matter, concern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter + esse","meaning":"between + to be","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interest","interesting","disinterested","uninterested"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engaged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fascinated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"718dbbe8-7123-4bbb-b715-eb2957ed73e5","word":"interesting","definition":"Engaging or holding the attention of someone; arousing curiosity or interest.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"interesante","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin interesse","root_meaning":"to matter, to be important","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*inter + esse","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interesting","meaning":"engaging attention","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"interested","meaning":"having interest","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"interesse","meaning":"concern, importance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interesse","meaning":"it matters","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interest","interested","disinteresting","interestingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engaging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fascinating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intriguing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"captivating","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"3fefd1ef-6d2a-4f61-8cbe-566ec5605f5f","word":"interests","definition":"Feelings of concern or curiosity about something, or financial charges for borrowed money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interés","language_family":"latin","root":"interesse","root_meaning":"to concern, to be between","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ter- (across, between)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interests","meaning":"Concerns or financial charges","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"interest","meaning":"concern, advantage, money charge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"interesse","meaning":"damage, loss, concern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interesse","meaning":"to concern, be between or among","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interest","interested","interesting","disinterest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concerns","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hobbies","formality":"informal"},{"word":"curiosities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"charges","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"a71f3738-2f8a-4dfa-8bf9-669bae061bb7","word":"interface","definition":"A point or means of interaction between two systems or users.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interfaz","language_family":"latin","root":"inter- + face","root_meaning":"between + face/surface","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bherǝ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interface","meaning":"point of interaction between systems","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"face","meaning":"surface, front","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"facies","meaning":"appearance, form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interfacing","interfaces","interfaced","interfacial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boundary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"junction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"aa614134-11fd-44b4-83ba-c22170796a55","word":"interfere","definition":"To get involved in a situation without invitation or necessity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"interferir","language_family":"latin","root":"interferer","root_meaning":"to strike between, to come between","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":"*h₁enter + *bʰerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interfere","meaning":"To get involved","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"interfere","meaning":"to strike between","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"interferer","meaning":"to strike between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interferire","meaning":"to strike between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferire","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interference","interfering","interim","ferry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meddle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intervene","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intrude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"c3a281a9-0b72-4145-89cf-e516d0fa875d","word":"interference","definition":"The act of interfering, or the state of being interfered with; obstruction; hindrance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interferencia","language_family":"latin","root":"ferire","root_meaning":"to strike","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interference","meaning":"obstruction, hindrance","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"interfere","meaning":"to meddle","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"s'entreferir","meaning":"to strike one another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferire","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interfere","interfering","chauffeur","offer","refer","transfer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meddling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interruption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obstruction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"54f07f77-c9b4-4d4f-bbc8-d99bc4e6dabf","word":"interim","definition":"The intervening time; a temporary or provisional arrangement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ínterin","language_family":"latin","root":"interim","root_meaning":"in the meantime","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interim","meaning":"intervening time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interim","meaning":"in the meantime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interval","intermediate","intercede","interior"],"synonyms":[{"word":"temporary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provisional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meantime","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"ead891fc-01dd-447d-adc3-6bcb18407911","word":"interior","definition":"The inside or inner part of something, especially a building or space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interior","language_family":"latin","root":"interior","root_meaning":"inner, interior","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interior","meaning":"inside or inner part","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"interior","meaning":"inner, interior","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interior","meaning":"inner, comparative of interus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interior","intern","internet","interval","internal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"internal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"c94e6402-f5d3-4f36-a8ec-4e8e1b8c20c0","word":"intermediate","definition":"Coming between two things in time, place, order, character, or function.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intermedio","language_family":"latin","root":"intermedius","root_meaning":"that is between","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en- + *medʰyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intermediate","meaning":"Coming between two things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intermedius","meaning":"that is between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medium","mediation","intermediary","intervene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transitional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"halfway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in-between","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"93874520-a9b2-4dfd-99ff-cbec4d2bd9f6","word":"intern","definition":"A student or trainee who works, sometimes without pay, at a trade or occupation in order to gain work experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interno","language_family":"latin","root":"internus","root_meaning":"inward, internal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intern","meaning":"trainee","children":[{"era":"19th C","word":"intern","meaning":"verb 'to confine', noun 'resident student'","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"interne","meaning":"resident","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"internus","meaning":"inward, internal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["internal","internecine","interior","internship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trainee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprentice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resident","formality":"technical"},{"word":"novice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"9ff11b0c-b367-4fad-9a23-6eeb4713c177","word":"internal","definition":"Situated or occurring inside something; interior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"interno","language_family":"latin","root":"internalis","root_meaning":"inner","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500s CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"internal","meaning":"situated or occurring inside","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"internal","meaning":"interior, inner","children":[{"era":"500s CE","word":"internalis","meaning":"inner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"internus","meaning":"inward, inner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["internally","internalize","internals","internal affairs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inside","formality":"informal"},{"word":"inward","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a0142717-3a8f-4e39-9702-8aa7a3cdb04b","word":"international","definition":"Relating to or affecting two or more countries.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"internacional","language_family":"latin","root":"inter","root_meaning":"between, among","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*enter-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"international","meaning":"between nations","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"international","meaning":"between nations","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter + national","meaning":"between + birth/nation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intern","internal","national","international"],"synonyms":[{"word":"global","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"multinational","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cross-border","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"6db2ded9-132b-4516-a986-16088f87e757","word":"internet","definition":"A global system of interconnected computer networks enabling digital communication.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"internet","language_family":"latin","root":"inter-","root_meaning":"between","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"internet","meaning":"global computer network","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"internet","meaning":"interconnected network","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["net","inter-","network","net-work"],"synonyms":[{"word":"web","formality":"informal"},{"word":"net","formality":"informal"},{"word":"network","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"6a9c6580-5ee8-42a9-bf10-86894a5a6202","word":"internship","definition":"A period of time spent by a student or trainee working in an organization to gain work experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"internado","language_family":"latin","root":"internus","root_meaning":"inward, internal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"internship","meaning":"a period of training","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"intern","meaning":"trainee","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"interne","meaning":"resident, internal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"internus","meaning":"inward, internal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ship","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["internal","intern","internality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apprenticeship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"traineeship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"206192f6-24e6-449e-96fc-6c480c053061","word":"interpret","definition":"To explain the meaning of (information, words, or actions).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"interpretar","language_family":"latin","root":"interpretari","root_meaning":"explain, expound, understand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interpret","meaning":"To explain the meaning of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"interpreter","meaning":"interpreter, translator","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interpretari","meaning":"to explain, expound, understand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pretari","meaning":"negotiate, explain, value","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interpretation","intermediary","intercede","negotiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decipher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"construe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elucidate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"6f44e0e3-bb50-47bf-9c25-ea7a7f0c3d4b","word":"interpretation","definition":"The action of explaining the meaning of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interpretación","language_family":"latin","root":"interpretari","root_meaning":"to explain, expound, understand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interpretation","meaning":"The action of explaining the meaning of something.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"interpret","meaning":"to explain, translate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interpretari","meaning":"to explain, expound, understand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pres","meaning":"agent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interpret","interpreter","explicate","translate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"explanation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rendition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explication","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"3e60909f-d7fc-4f67-9721-1266fdd6975c","word":"interpreter","definition":"A person who translates or explains speech, especially one who interprets spoken language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intérprete","language_family":"latin","root":"interpres","root_meaning":"go-between; translator","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interpreter","meaning":"one who interprets or translates","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"interpreter","meaning":"one who interprets","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"interpreteur","meaning":"interpreter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interpretator","meaning":"interpreter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interpres","meaning":"go-between; interpreter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interpret","interpretation","interpretive","interpreting","interpretable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"translator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expositor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expounder","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"d5bd2e95-d667-4b81-a7da-a61a43d65cc1","word":"interracial","definition":"Relating to, involving, or representing different racial groups.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"interracial","language_family":"latin","root":"inter","root_meaning":"between, among","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ter-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interracial","meaning":"involving different racial groups","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"interracial","meaning":"between racial groups","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1800s","word":"racial","meaning":"relating to race","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"race","meaning":"a breed, lineage","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"razza","meaning":"breed, lineage","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inter","racial","race","interact","interchange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"multiracial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cross-racial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inter-ethnic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"multicultural","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"e6c068f0-aaee-4c63-9174-50184460b70b","word":"interrogate","definition":"To interrogate is to question someone closely and formally, especially in an investigation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"interrogar","language_family":"latin","root":"interrogare","root_meaning":"to ask between; to question","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interrogate","meaning":"to question closely and formally","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interrogare","meaning":"to question","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between; among","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"rogare","meaning":"to ask; request","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interrogation","interrogative","interrogator","rogatory","rogation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"question","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cross-examine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grill","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"09beae80-6f0d-4d69-bfe6-711627c8b11b","word":"interrogation","definition":"The act of questioning someone thoroughly or aggressively.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interrogación","language_family":"latin","root":"interrogare","root_meaning":"to question","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interrogation","meaning":"the act of questioning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interrogationem","meaning":"a questioning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interrogare","meaning":"to question (literally 'to ask between')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"rogare","meaning":"to ask","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interrogate","interrogative","rogatory","abrogate","derogatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"questioning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquiry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cross-examination","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"3616911b-f969-4401-8435-90a38d854ff2","word":"interrupt","definition":"To stop the continuous progress of an activity or discourse.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"interrumpir","language_family":"latin","root":"inter-, rumpere","root_meaning":"between, among; to break","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en-ter, *h₁remp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interrupt","meaning":"to stop the continuous progress of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"interrupter","meaning":"to interrupt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interruptus","meaning":"broken between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corrupt","erupt","disrupt","bankrupt","rupture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disrupt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intervene","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"halt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"692923cc-d6f0-46ad-bcd8-c5ade16278e5","word":"interruption","definition":"The act of breaking into or cutting off a process or conversation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"interrupción","language_family":"latin","root":"rumpere","root_meaning":"break","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interruption","meaning":"the act of breaking into or cutting off a process or conversation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interruptio","meaning":"a breaking in; interruption","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"interrumpere","meaning":"to break apart; interrupt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*reup-","meaning":"to break, tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interrupt","interrupting","interruptive","interrupter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disruption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interjection","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"cc82d7a1-82b8-4af8-8017-49cb3291e34e","word":"intersection","definition":"A point or line where two or more things intersect, especially roads.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intersección","language_family":"latin","root":"intersecare","root_meaning":"to cut between","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intersection","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"intersection","meaning":"a cutting between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intersecare","meaning":"to cut between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"secare","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["section","dissect","bisect","segment","sector"],"synonyms":[{"word":"junction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crossroads","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crossing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"45a0f638-fbfe-43f8-8fe9-4d82be91a4ea","word":"interstate","definition":"Connecting or existing between different states, typically within a country.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"interestatal","language_family":"latin","root":"inter + status","root_meaning":"between + standing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en- (inter), *steh₂- (status)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interstate","meaning":"between states","children":[{"era":"current","word":"inter-","meaning":"between, among","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English prefix"},{"era":"current","word":"state","meaning":"political entity","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"estat","meaning":"status, condition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"condition, standing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["state","status","interval","interpret","stand","stature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"national","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trans-state","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cross-country","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"650a24d0-c6f8-498e-8378-3461e373508e","word":"interval","definition":"An intervening time or space; a pause or break in activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intervalo","language_family":"latin","root":"intervallum","root_meaning":"space between two palisades, interval","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interval","meaning":"intervening time or space","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"intervalle","meaning":"interval","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intervallum","meaning":"space between two palisades, interval (literally 'between the ramparts')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vallum","meaning":"rampart, palisade","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intervene","intermission","interlude","space","gap","period"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pause","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interlude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"e001a60b-d4c8-4dde-971c-0be8e4463f78","word":"intervene","definition":"To come between or take action to alter an outcome.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"intervenir","language_family":"latin","root":"intervenīre","root_meaning":"to come between","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intervene","meaning":"to come between or take action to alter an outcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intervenīre","meaning":"to come between","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter-","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"venīre","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intervention","intervening","intervened","intervenor","interpose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intercede","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interpose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"step in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meddle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"1732b6e2-5e35-49ca-a52c-ef36f9c7cf3b","word":"intervention","definition":"The action or process of intervening, typically to improve a situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intervención","language_family":"latin","root":"intervenire","root_meaning":"to come between, interrupt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical (Latin), 16th century (English)","proto_root":"*h₁en (PIE) for inter, *gʷem- (PIE) for venire","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intervention","meaning":"act of intervening","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"intervention","meaning":"act of coming between","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"interventio","meaning":"a coming between, intervention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intervenire","meaning":"to come between, interrupt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"venire","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Latin-derived English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intervene","prevent","convention","avenue","revenue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mediation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intercession","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"action","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"6ffc0038-65c9-4fab-8074-9720c1734b29","word":"interview","definition":"A formal conversation or meeting between two or more people to exchange information or assess qualifications.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"entrevista","language_family":"french","root":"entre + vue","root_meaning":"between + view","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"interview","meaning":"a formal conversation","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"interview","meaning":"a meeting or conversation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"entre","meaning":"between","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"vue","meaning":"view, sight","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["interviewed","interviewer","interviewing","interview question"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conversation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consultation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"4e40e74b-1449-43c2-b790-66caafd3c03d","word":"intestine","definition":"A section of the digestive tract between the stomach and the anus, especially the small or large intestine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intestino","language_family":"latin","root":"intestinus","root_meaning":"internal, inward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intestine","meaning":"a section of the digestive tract between the stomach and the anus","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"intestine","meaning":"internal; intestines","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intestinus","meaning":"internal, inward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intus","meaning":"within","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intestinal","intestines","intestinally","internal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bowel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gut","formality":"informal"},{"word":"enteron","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"a5ef479f-a6dd-4a4f-88ae-e6993338e2c6","word":"intimacy","definition":"Intimacy is a close, private familiarity between people or things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intimidad","language_family":"latin","root":"intimus","root_meaning":"inmost; nearest; most inward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intimacy","meaning":"close, private familiarity","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"intimate","meaning":"very close; familiar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intimus","meaning":"inmost; nearest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intus","meaning":"inside; within","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/Latin"},{"era":"1500s","word":"-cy","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"French/Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intimate","intimately","intimation","intimated","intimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"closeness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"familiarity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rapport","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"fd790a4d-86c3-4592-b4ed-d4cc55550192","word":"intimate","definition":"Closely acquainted; familiar.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"íntimo","language_family":"latin","root":"intimus","root_meaning":"innermost, deepest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intimate","meaning":"closely acquainted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intimus","meaning":"innermost, deepest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inter","meaning":"between, among","children":[{"era":"pre-750 BCE","word":"*enter","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intimacy","internal","interior","intimation","innermost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"close","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"personal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confidential","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"9c858e6c-0fe9-436d-ac12-963ac84213f7","word":"into","definition":"Expressing movement toward the inside or interior of something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English in + to","root_meaning":"in + to","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*en- + *to-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"into","meaning":"toward the inside","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"in + to","meaning":"in + to","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*en-","meaning":"in","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["in","toward","inside","unto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"within","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"3f4d4b42-e377-44b1-b7b7-82343aec7925","word":"intolerable","definition":"Intolerable means impossible or very hard to endure or accept.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"intolerable","language_family":"latin","root":"tolerare","root_meaning":"to bear, endure, or support","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intolerable","meaning":"impossible or very hard to endure or accept","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"tolerable","meaning":"able to be endured or accepted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tolerare","meaning":"to bear, endure, or support","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tolerate","tolerable","tolerance","intolerant","intolerably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unbearable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unendurable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"insufferable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"fe45814b-6e6a-490b-9e5b-2f2dfc7bd760","word":"intoxicate","definition":"To poison or impair the mind or body, especially with alcohol or drugs.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"intoxicar","language_family":"greek","root":"toxikon","root_meaning":"poison for arrows","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intoxicate","meaning":"to poison or impair, especially with alcohol or drugs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intoxicare","meaning":"to poison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"toxicum","meaning":"poison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"toxikon","meaning":"poison for arrows","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intoxication","toxic","toxin","intoxicated","toxicology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inebriate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stupefy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"0f402094-33d5-4ebc-a461-30aaba8db4e5","word":"intoxication","definition":"The state of being affected by alcohol, drugs, or poison to the degree that mental and physical faculties are impaired.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intoxicación","language_family":"latin","root":"toxicum","root_meaning":"poison","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intoxication","meaning":"state of inebriation or poisoning","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"intoxication","meaning":"poisoning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"intoxicare","meaning":"to poison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"toxicum","meaning":"poison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"toxikon pharmakon","meaning":"poison for arrows","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"toxon","meaning":"bow","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intoxicate","intoxicant","toxic","toxin","detox","toxicology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inebriation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"drunkenness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poisoning","formality":"technical"},{"word":"insobriety","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"bd108b9c-6c7d-45eb-8523-0234e4034777","word":"intranet","definition":"A local or restricted communications network, especially a private network created using World Wide Web software and standards.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intranet","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intranet","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intra-","meaning":"within","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"net","meaning":"network (from Old English nett)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["internet","intramural","network","intercommunication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"private network","formality":"technical"},{"word":"corporate network","formality":"technical"},{"word":"LAN","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"63ab3855-b6df-4339-9f5e-13569f693434","word":"intrigue","definition":"Intrigue is a secret or complex plot, especially one involving deception or political maneuvering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intriga","language_family":"latin","root":"intricare","root_meaning":"to entangle; perplex","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intrigue","meaning":"a secret or complex plot","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"intrigue","meaning":"plot; deceit; machination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intricare","meaning":"to entangle, perplex","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intricate","intricacy","intriguing","intrigued"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conspiracy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"machination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"459b856f-074a-406f-9cc2-8b6655cdfd93","word":"introduce","definition":"To bring into use or existence for the first time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"introducir","language_family":"latin","root":"introducere","root_meaning":"To lead in.","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"introduce","meaning":"To bring into use","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"introduire","meaning":"to introduce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"introducere","meaning":"to lead in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intro-","meaning":"inward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["introduction","introductory","produce","deduce","conductor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"launch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"ec74f33c-946c-42a1-bf28-ecdda3a7e253","word":"introduced","definition":"Presented or made known for the first time, or brought into a place or situation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"introducido","language_family":"latin","root":"introducere","root_meaning":"to lead in, to bring in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"introduced","meaning":"presented or brought in","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"introduce","meaning":"to lead in, bring in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"introducere","meaning":"to lead in, bring in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intro-","meaning":"inward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["introduce","introduction","introductory","reintroduced","introducer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presented","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brought in","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"06e836b3-1f9f-41e4-98dd-64f58b9011f1","word":"introduction","definition":"The act of introducing something or someone; a preliminary section of a book or presentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"introducción","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin introducere","root_meaning":"to lead in, bring in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dhergh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"introduction","meaning":"preliminary or opening section","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"introduction","meaning":"act of introducing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"introducere","meaning":"to lead in, bring in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intro- + ducere","meaning":"into + to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["introduce","introductory","introduced","introducer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preface","formality":"formal"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preamble","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"5a7bacbd-000e-4ff7-83d8-6ebf27591f6b","word":"introductory","definition":"Serving as an introduction; preliminary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"introductorio","language_family":"latin","root":"introducere","root_meaning":"to lead in, to bring in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"introductory","meaning":"Serving as an introduction; preliminary.","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"introductorius","meaning":"serving to introduce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"introducere","meaning":"to lead in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intro-","meaning":"inward, within","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["introduce","introduction","deduce","produce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preliminary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elementary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"62bef454-5fa1-449b-b1fe-cb22986c9f7a","word":"intrude","definition":"To enter or thrust oneself in without welcome or permission.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"intruso","language_family":"latin","root":"trudere","root_meaning":"to thrust, push","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trewd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intrude","meaning":"to enter or thrust oneself in without welcome or permission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intrudere","meaning":"to thrust in, push in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + trudere","meaning":"in- plus to thrust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trudere","meaning":"to thrust, push","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intrusion","intruder","intrusive","intruding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encroach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trespass","formality":"formal"},{"word":"barge in","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"d5ae1590-e129-45f9-a533-4a59c7cfdcb5","word":"intruder","definition":"A person who intrudes, especially into a place without permission.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intruso","language_family":"latin","root":"intrudere","root_meaning":"to thrust in, force in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intruder","meaning":"one who intrudes","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"intruden","meaning":"to thrust in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intrudere","meaning":"to thrust in","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intrude","intrusion","extrude","protrude","trusion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trespasser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interloper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uninvited guest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"a2fb390d-b147-4fca-9cca-d3980a40e7ae","word":"intrusion","definition":"Intrusion is the act of entering, interfering, or thrusting into something unwelcome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intrusión","language_family":"latin","root":"trudere","root_meaning":"to thrust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intrusion","meaning":"the act of entering or interfering unwelcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intrusio","meaning":"a thrusting in, an intrusion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intrudere","meaning":"to thrust in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trudere","meaning":"to thrust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intrude","intruder","intrusive","intrusiveness","extrude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incursion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"encroachment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trespass","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"3442f5c0-2160-47d8-b706-633650b2353a","word":"intuition","definition":"The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"intuición","language_family":"latin","root":"intuitus","root_meaning":"a looking at, contemplation, insight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"intuition","meaning":"immediate understanding without conscious reasoning","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"intuition","meaning":"a looking at","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"intueri","meaning":"to look at, consider","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tueri","meaning":"to see, to look at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["intuitive","intuit","tuition","tutor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hunch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"insight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instinct","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"0943ca08-b9c1-4e99-a4a3-6f18d5c170f3","word":"invade","definition":"To enter a country or region with an armed force to occupy or conquer it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"invadir","language_family":"latin","root":"invadere","root_meaning":"to go into, march into, enter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wadh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invade","meaning":"to enter with force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invadere","meaning":"to go into, march into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vadere","meaning":"to go, to walk","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invasion","invader","pervasive","evade","wade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encroach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trespass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"storm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"fee1391e-cecf-4e30-a07c-f224f976a7c0","word":"invader","definition":"A person or force that enters a place by hostile action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"invasor","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin invadere","root_meaning":"to go into; enter violently; attack","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invader","meaning":"a person or force that enters a place by hostile action","children":[{"era":"late Middle English","word":"invade","meaning":"to enter or attack in a hostile manner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invadere","meaning":"to enter violently; assault; attack","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + vadere","meaning":"\"into\" + \"go, walk\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invade","invasion","invasive","invading","invaded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aggressor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intruder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assailant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"f90887e9-8cf6-497f-a4ae-299bff7a5ae0","word":"invalid","definition":"Not valid; not based on truth, fact, or logic (adjective); a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury (noun).","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inválido","language_family":"latin","root":"invalidus","root_meaning":"not strong, infirm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invalid","meaning":"not valid/strong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invalidus","meaning":"not strong, infirm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"validus","meaning":"strong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valid","validate","value","prevail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"void","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"null","formality":"technical"},{"word":"unsound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disabled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"bc58f257-40e2-4ff9-a9cc-0c3fd0645002","word":"invaluable","definition":"Invaluable means so valuable that its worth cannot be adequately measured.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"invaluable","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin valēre","root_meaning":"be strong; be worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invaluable","meaning":"having such great value that it cannot be measured","children":[{"era":"current","word":"in- + valuable","meaning":"not + valuable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"valuable","meaning":"worth a lot","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"value","meaning":"worth, value","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"valeur","meaning":"value, worth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valēre","meaning":"to be strong, to be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["value","valuable","valueless","inestimable","priceless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"priceless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inestimable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"precious","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"a17fffed-9372-4359-bac0-8064bc6e3675","word":"invent","definition":"To create, design, or construct (something new) that has not existed before.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"inventar","language_family":"latin","root":"invenire","root_meaning":"to come upon, to discover","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*en- + *gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invent","meaning":"To create, design, or construct (something new) that has not existed before.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inventer","meaning":"to discover, find","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invenire","meaning":"to come upon, to discover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + venire","meaning":"in, on + to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invention","inventive","inventor","discovery","convene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"create","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"originate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"f9ff16a5-9beb-4ae3-87c1-9cdd58c06550","word":"invention","definition":"The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"invención","language_family":"latin","root":"inventio","root_meaning":"a finding, discovery","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invention","meaning":"The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inventio","meaning":"a finding, discovery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invenire","meaning":"to find, discover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, on, at","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"venire","meaning":"to come","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*gʷenh₁-","meaning":"to come, to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invent","convention","prevent","venture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innovation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discovery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"4778474c-555f-4762-b4b6-0ae9b8a3d28e","word":"inventory","definition":"A complete list of items such as property, goods, or the contents of a building.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inventario","language_family":"latin","root":"inventorium","root_meaning":"a list of things found","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"inventory","meaning":"A complete list of items.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"inventorie","meaning":"list of possessions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"inventorium","meaning":"list of things found","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"inventus","meaning":"found","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"venire","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invent","invention","venture","convene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catalog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manifest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"register","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"a5444b79-b943-4630-8a96-f0e777b7c105","word":"invest","definition":"To commit money or resources to an endeavor with the expectation of obtaining an additional income or profit.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"investir","language_family":"latin","root":"investire","root_meaning":"to clothe, to dress in, to surround","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical Latin","proto_root":"*wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invest","meaning":"to put money into","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"investir","meaning":"to put into possession of","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"investire","meaning":"to clothe, to dress in, to surround","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"vestis","meaning":"garment, clothing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vest","divest","travesty","garment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fund","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"0095ac7c-fc70-4484-9468-947c9872ca8c","word":"investigate","definition":"To carry out a systematic inquiry to establish facts.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"investigar","language_family":"latin","root":"investīgāre","root_meaning":"to trace out, search after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"investīgāre","meaning":"To trace, track, search into.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"investigate","meaning":"To examine, inquire into.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"investigar","meaning":"To investigate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["investigation","investigator","investigative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"probe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"look into","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"39e2c2cb-e7a6-485d-bd20-532c94d84322","word":"investigation","definition":"The formal inquiry or systematic examination of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"investigación","language_family":"latin","root":"investigare","root_meaning":"to track, search into","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"investigation","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"investigacion","meaning":"a searching into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"investigatio","meaning":"a searching into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"investigare","meaning":"to track, search into","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vestigium","meaning":"footprint, trace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vestige","track","search","interrogate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquiry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"probe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"de861e0d-2dcb-4965-8898-a87ecaa35988","word":"investigative","definition":"Investigative means relating to the careful examination of facts or circumstances.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"investigativo","language_family":"latin","root":"vestigium","root_meaning":"footprint, track","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steigh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"investigative","meaning":"relating to careful examination of facts or circumstances","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"investigate","meaning":"search into carefully","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin investigare","meaning":"to track down, trace out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vestigium","meaning":"footprint, track","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"medieval","word":"-ive","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"Latin/French suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["investigate","investigation","investigator","investigating","investigable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"probing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fact-finding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquisitive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"722afd53-b952-4c3b-b34e-b92c78dd9bca","word":"investigator","definition":"A person who carries out a formal inquiry or inspection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"investigador","language_family":"latin","root":"investigare","root_meaning":"to track into, search after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"investigator","meaning":"person who investigates","children":[{"era":"current","word":"investigate","meaning":"to inquire, examine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"investigatus","meaning":"tracked into (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"investigare","meaning":"to track into, search after","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vestigium","meaning":"footprint, trace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-or","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["investigate","investigation","vestige","tracking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"researcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examiner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"5c42aef1-d895-4693-b133-1548ed4db301","word":"investment","definition":"The action of investing money for profit or the money invested.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inversión","language_family":"latin","root":"investire","root_meaning":"to clothe, surround","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"investment","meaning":"placing money with expectation of return","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"invest","meaning":"to put money into","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"investir","meaning":"to clothe, surround","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"investire","meaning":"to clothe, dress, surround","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invest","investor","invested","reinvestment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capital","formality":"technical"},{"word":"expenditure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlay","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"31c391a6-95c5-4ddd-b3b9-45ddafa327f7","word":"investor","definition":"A person who puts money into financial schemes, shares, property, etc., with the expectation of achieving a profit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"inversor","language_family":"latin","root":"investire","root_meaning":"to clothe in, to surround","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"investor","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"invest","meaning":"to clothe, put in possession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"investire","meaning":"to clothe in, to surround","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invest","investment","divest","vest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"backer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capitalist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"029cf9a3-aa27-4aa1-b05b-c012b133cd1e","word":"invincible","definition":"Too powerful to be defeated or overcome.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"invencible","language_family":"latin","root":"invincibilis","root_meaning":"unconquerable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invincible","meaning":"too powerful to be defeated","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"invincible","meaning":"invincible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invincibilis","meaning":"unconquerable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["victorious","convince","evict","province"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unbeatable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unassailable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indomitable","formality":"literary"},{"word":"impregnable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"3b6ff68a-1bc0-45be-88e1-de81c085acf9","word":"invisible","definition":"Unable to be seen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"invisible","language_family":"latin","root":"invisibilis","root_meaning":"not seen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invisible","meaning":"not able to be seen","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"invisible","meaning":"unseen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invisibilis","meaning":"not seen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"visibilis","meaning":"visible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visible","vision","supervise","review","video"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unseen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hidden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imperceptible","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"aa3284c7-a50c-4dd8-850e-96bc24a30110","word":"invision","definition":"To conceive of; to imagine as a future possibility.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"in-, videre","root_meaning":"in, into; to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"modern (for verb), classical (for roots)","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"late 20th C.","word":"invision","meaning":"to imagine, conceive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"in, into","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1400s","word":"vision","meaning":"act of seeing, something seen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vision","meaning":"sight, vision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visio","meaning":"act of seeing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English (coinage)"},"related_words":["vision","envision","envisage","visible","invisible","visualize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imagine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conceive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foresee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"558175a7-7ff2-441f-b567-0c132562c904","word":"invitation","definition":"A written or spoken request to someone to do something or to go somewhere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"invitación","language_family":"latin","root":"invitare","root_meaning":"to invite, summon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invitation","meaning":"request to come","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"invitation","meaning":"invitation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invitatio","meaning":"invitation, summons","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invitare","meaning":"to invite, summon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"into, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"*vitare","meaning":"to go, rush","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invite","vital","viable","via"],"synonyms":[{"word":"request","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"summons","formality":"formal"},{"word":"call","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"7adbf39d-103a-4eb1-a063-0fcd1c665150","word":"invite","definition":"To ask (someone) to come somewhere or to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"invitar","language_family":"latin","root":"invitare","root_meaning":"to call, summon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invite","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"inviter","meaning":"to invite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"invitare","meaning":"to call upon, summon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invitation","vital","vocation","voice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"summon","formality":"formal"},{"word":"request","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bid","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"81d5dfad-daff-46e3-8e8d-1ea3df96e600","word":"invoice","definition":"A list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these; a bill.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"envoy","root_meaning":"sending, sending forth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"invoice","meaning":"A bill for goods or services","children":[{"era":null,"word":"invoice","meaning":"a sending, dispatch","children":[{"era":null,"word":"envoyer","meaning":"to send","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in via","meaning":"on the way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in","meaning":"in, on","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"via","meaning":"way, road","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["envoy","voyage","convey","via"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"account","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"f2a6bebc-664d-41de-9a4e-f043e6ea7652","word":"involve","definition":"To include as a necessary part or result.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"involucrar","language_family":"latin","root":"involvere","root_meaning":"to roll into, wrap up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"involvere","meaning":"To roll in, wrap up, entangle.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"involve","meaning":"To include, entail.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"involucrar","meaning":"To involve.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["involvement","involved","involving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"include","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entail","formality":"formal"},{"word":"require","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b950373e-b8e0-4e9e-8b8f-5f1d6c90cdc1","word":"involved","definition":"Included as a necessary part or result; connected with or engaged in something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"envuelto","language_family":"latin","root":"involvere","root_meaning":"to wrap up, to roll in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"involved","meaning":"engaged, included","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"involve","meaning":"to wrap up, to include","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"involvere","meaning":"to wrap in, to roll together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + volvere","meaning":"in + to roll","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["involve","involvement","involving","evolved"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engaged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"implicated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"complicated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"9566af71-7f61-49fa-850b-e927455857e3","word":"ion","definition":"An atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ion","language_family":"greek","root":"ion","root_meaning":"going, to go","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ion","meaning":"An atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ion (ἰόν)","meaning":"going","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ei-","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anode","cathode","anion","cation","ionic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charged particle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"particle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"electrically charged atom","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"af632065-b36c-4d6d-9ca3-9e8915a2bffc","word":"iowa","definition":"A state in the Midwestern United States located between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Ayúwwa","root_meaning":"the sleepy ones or the beautiful land","root_language":"Siouan (Ioway language)","root_era":"pre-1700","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Iowa","meaning":"U.S. state","children":[{"era":"1838","word":"Iowa","meaning":"state name","children":[{"era":"pre-1700","word":"Ayúwwa","meaning":"the sleepy ones","children":[],"language":"Ioway (Siouan)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Ioway","Iowan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hawkeye State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Corn State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"79ecdacc-b1fc-43d0-8126-312fdd64d730","word":"ipod","definition":"A portable digital audio player manufactured by Apple that plays music and other audio files.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"i + pod","root_meaning":"internet + foot/leg","root_language":"English neologism","root_era":"2001","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"iPod","meaning":"digital audio player","children":[{"era":"2001","word":"i- (prefix) + Pod","meaning":"internet device + foot","children":[{"era":"1998","word":"i-","meaning":"internet or personal","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"2001","word":"Pod","meaning":"portable device","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["iPad","iMac","iPhone","iTunes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"digital audio player","formality":"technical"},{"word":"DAP","formality":"technical"},{"word":"music player","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"8fd7f594-7e65-4b47-99e2-b6a864220fcb","word":"iraq","definition":"A country in Western Asia, formerly known as Mesopotamia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Irak","language_family":"other","root":"al-Iraq","root_meaning":"the fertile valley; the low-lying land","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Iraq","meaning":"country in Western Asia","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"Iraq","meaning":"nation state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"al-Iraq","meaning":"the fertile valley; low-lying land","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Iraqi","Iraqis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Mesopotamia","formality":"historical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"4d56544a-aad6-4994-a77f-669cc87b7c1e","word":"iraqi","definition":"A native or inhabitant of Iraq, or relating to Iraq.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"iraquí","language_family":"other","root":"al-ʿIrāq","root_meaning":"Iraq (name of the country)","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Iraqi","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Iraq","meaning":"Iraq","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Iraq","Irani","Kurdistan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Mesopotamian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Middle Eastern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"bad395a2-9d36-49a6-a6a5-0bc5230dbbac","word":"ireland","definition":"An island nation in Northwestern Europe, west of Great Britain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Irlanda","language_family":"germanic","root":"Éire + land","root_meaning":"Irish + land; possibly from PIE *er- (to flow)","root_language":"Old English and Irish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*er- (PIE for flow, water)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Ireland","meaning":"island nation in Northwestern Europe","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Ireland","meaning":"the land of the Irish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Éire","meaning":"Ireland","children":[],"language":"Irish Gaelic"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"earth, ground, territory","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Irish","Irishman","Hibernia","Éire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Éire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the Irish isle","formality":"literary"},{"word":"the Emerald Isle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"7042c5dc-943d-4033-b232-0a94098bc69d","word":"iris","definition":"The colored membrane of the eye, or a plant with showy flowers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"iris","language_family":"greek","root":"iris","root_meaning":"rainbow","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"iris","meaning":"eye part; flower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iris","meaning":"rainbow; iris of eye; iris flower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iris","meaning":"rainbow (from the goddess Iris)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["iridescent","iridectomy","rainbow","irises"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pupil surround","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rainbow flower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eye color","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"2f38c804-00e7-4973-9859-a06e0406edbd","word":"irish","definition":"Relating to Ireland, its people, language, or culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"irlandés","language_family":"germanic","root":"Ire, Éire","root_meaning":"Ireland","root_language":"Old Norse/Gaelic","root_era":"pre-1000","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Irish","meaning":"of or relating to Ireland","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Irish","meaning":"of Ireland","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"Ire","meaning":"Ireland","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"Éire","meaning":"Ireland","children":[],"language":"Gaelic"}],"language":"Old English/Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Ireland","Irishman","Irishwoman","Gaelic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hibernian","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Celtic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Gaelic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"95edac8f-b3ee-43f0-b9d6-5ef13cced238","word":"iron","definition":"A hard metallic element used widely in construction and manufacturing; also to press cloth with heat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hierro","language_family":"germanic","root":"isarn","root_meaning":"iron","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"iron","meaning":"metallic element Fe; or to press with a hot implement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"iron","meaning":"the metal iron","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"possibly Etruscan or Semitic origin","meaning":"unclear etymology","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"isarn","meaning":"iron","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Unknown"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ironclad","irony","ironing","irons","ferrous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Fe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"844a89d7-0b66-49b0-8081-1c0345d21c29","word":"ironic","definition":"Happening in a way contrary to what is expected, and typically causing wry amusement because of this.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"irónico","language_family":"greek","root":"eirōneia","root_meaning":"dissimulation, ignorance feigned for purposes of argument","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"5th century BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ironic","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"ironique","meaning":"ironic","children":[{"era":"4th century CE","word":"ironicus","meaning":"ironic","children":[{"era":"5th century BCE","word":"eirōneia","meaning":"dissimulation, feigned ignorance","children":[{"era":"5th century BCE","word":"eirōn","meaning":"dissembler","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["irony","ironist","ironical","sarcasm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paradoxical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"satirical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sardonic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mocking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"c0a017f0-16c7-4392-8305-3400ab88157d","word":"irony","definition":"The expression of meaning through language that normally signifies the opposite.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ironía","language_family":"greek","root":"eirōneia","root_meaning":"feigned ignorance","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"eirōneía (εἰρωνεία)","meaning":"Dissimulation, feigned ignorance. From eirōn (dissembler).","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"irony","meaning":"Saying the opposite of what is meant.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"ironía","meaning":"Irony.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["ironic","ironical","sarcasm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sarcasm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mockery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"669cd4ad-e46b-4a99-82df-ba08a68f4667","word":"irrational","definition":"Irrational means not governed by reason or, in mathematics, not expressible as a ratio of integers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"irracional","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin ratio","root_meaning":"reckoning, account, reason","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"irrational","meaning":"not governed by reason or, in mathematics, not expressible as a ratio of integers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin irrationalis","meaning":"not reasonable; not in ratios","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + rationalis","meaning":"not + rational, reasonable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ratio","meaning":"reckoning, account, reason","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rational","irrationality","irrationally","rationalize","rationalism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illogical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unreasonable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absurd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nonsensical","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"f2ff9800-71ba-4abb-b546-75ce0c83596e","word":"irregular","definition":"Irregular means not following a usual rule, pattern, or order.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"irregular","language_family":"latin","root":"regula","root_meaning":"rule; straightedge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"irregular","meaning":"not following a usual rule, pattern, or order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regularis","meaning":"governed by a rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regula","meaning":"rule; straightedge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not; without","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regular","regularity","irregularity","regulate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uneven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erratic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anomalous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"atypical","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"0fbdb746-0b43-4781-92ac-148f60041f0e","word":"irrelevant","definition":"Not connected with or pertinent to something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"irrelevante","language_family":"latin","root":"relevare","root_meaning":"to lift up, alleviate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*legʷh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"irrelevant","meaning":"not connected with or pertinent to something","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"irrelevant","meaning":"not relevant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1500s","word":"relevant","meaning":"connected or pertinent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relevans","meaning":"lifting up, alleviating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relevare","meaning":"to lift up, alleviate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"levare","meaning":"to lighten, lift","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (present participle of relevare)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relevant","relieve","elevate","leverage","alleviate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immaterial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unrelated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraneous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"negligible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"94b925d0-67b2-4d22-9669-49847f02b77f","word":"irresistible","definition":"Impossible or very hard to resist, especially because it is so appealing or compelling.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"irresistible","language_family":"latin","root":"resistere","root_meaning":"to stand back; withstand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"irresistible","meaning":"not able to be resisted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin irresistibilis","meaning":"not able to be resisted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in- + resistibilis","meaning":"\"not\" + \"able to withstand\"","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resistere","meaning":"to withstand; stand back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resist","resistant","resistance","irresistibly","irresistibility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overpowering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inescapable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"f5b1e1a7-28d1-4ee0-aac8-0c10d50a4989","word":"irrigation","definition":"The supply of water to land or crops to aid growth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"irrigación","language_family":"latin","root":"irrigare","root_meaning":"to lead water to, to water","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"irrigation","meaning":"The supply of water to land or crops to aid growth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"irrigatio","meaning":"a watering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"irrigare","meaning":"to lead water to, to water","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["irrigate","water","channel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"watering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hydration","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"ada9c8b4-117d-40ba-8b69-71a39efdc199","word":"irritate","definition":"To make someone annoyed or angry, or to inflame a body part or tissue.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"irritar","language_family":"latin","root":"irritare","root_meaning":"to excite, provoke, or stir up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"irritate","meaning":"to annoy or inflame","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"irritāre","meaning":"to excite, provoke, or stir up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["irritation","irritable","irritant","irritability","irritated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vex","formality":"formal"},{"word":"provoke","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"dc2e001d-bc61-4279-8384-b35d51efaf0f","word":"isbn","definition":"An acronym for International Standard Book Number, a unique numerical identifier assigned to books for cataloging and sales purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1970s","word":"ISBN","meaning":"International Standard Book Number","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"International Standard Book Number","meaning":"standardized book identifier system","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ISBN-10","ISBN-13","ISSN","barcode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"book identifier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard number","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cataloging number","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"2f987cf4-299a-4ef0-99cf-fca50cd086cf","word":"island","definition":"A piece of land completely surrounded by water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"igland","root_meaning":"water land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"island","meaning":"land surrounded by water","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"island","meaning":"land in water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"igland","meaning":"water land","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["islands","island","islander","island-hop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"isle","formality":"literary"},{"word":"atoll","formality":"technical"},{"word":"landmass","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"110e0ffd-6c7d-483b-ad2c-7d76b75ee03f","word":"islands","definition":"Pieces of land completely surrounded by water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"isla","language_family":"latin","root":"insula","root_meaning":"island","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"islands","meaning":"land surrounded by water","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"island","meaning":"island","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insula","meaning":"island","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["isle","islet","island","archipelago"],"synonyms":[{"word":"isle","formality":"literary"},{"word":"islet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atoll","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"1ed941f0-3c84-4c27-9167-99bdb348c71d","word":"isle","definition":"An island or peninsula, especially a small one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"isla","language_family":"latin","root":"insula","root_meaning":"island","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"isle","meaning":"A small island.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ile","meaning":"island","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insula","meaning":"island","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["island","islet","insular","insulate","islander"],"synonyms":[{"word":"island","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"islet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atoll","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"657a96d8-b3c8-42a4-b29b-c215a75a6b99","word":"isolate","definition":"To set apart from others; to place in a solitary position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aislar","language_family":"latin","root":"insula","root_meaning":"island","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"isolate","meaning":"to place apart","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"isolato","meaning":"isolated","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"isolato","meaning":"isolated","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"isola","meaning":"island","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insula","meaning":"island","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["isolation","insulate","peninsula","isle","island"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarantine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detatch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"7a5761a6-2ae2-4d07-b15f-102e7480cde6","word":"isolation","definition":"The process or fact of being separate from others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aislamiento","language_family":"latin","root":"insula","root_meaning":"island","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"isolation","meaning":"the state of being isolated","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"isolation","meaning":"state of being isolated","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"isoler","meaning":"to isolate","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"isola","meaning":"island","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"insula","meaning":"island","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insular","peninsula","isle","isolate","insulate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solitude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seclusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarantine","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"e400c305-eb4f-43c5-b605-47b6705e05c8","word":"israel","definition":"A country in the Middle East, or in biblical context, the land promised to Abraham and his descendants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Israel","language_family":"other","root":"Israel","root_meaning":"he who struggles with God","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Israel","meaning":"country and historical region in Middle East","children":[{"era":"biblical era","word":"Israel","meaning":"name of nation and patriarch Jacob","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Yisra'el","meaning":"he who struggles with God","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Israeli","Israelite","Israel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Zion","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Holy Land","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"6199747e-248a-459d-94df-c6ff76f5bbaa","word":"issue","definition":"A matter or problem that is being discussed, debated, or in question.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asunto","language_family":"latin","root":"exire","root_meaning":"to go out, to exit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"issue","meaning":"matter in question, outcome","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"issue","meaning":"outcome, result, offspring","children":[{"era":"800-1200","word":"issu","meaning":"outcome, exit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exire","meaning":"to go out, exit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["issued","issues","reissue","tissue","issuance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"matter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"problem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concern","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contention","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a49e015f-263c-4200-866d-a1dcbab16df0","word":"issued","definition":"Past tense of issue; distributed, released, or given out officially.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"emitido","language_family":"latin","root":"exire","root_meaning":"to go out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"issued","meaning":"released or distributed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"issue","meaning":"to go out, emerge","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"issu","meaning":"exit, outcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exire","meaning":"to go out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["issue","issues","issuing","reissued"],"synonyms":[{"word":"released","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distributed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"published","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"5e9fad36-fa72-4d32-aa1b-52407e5b9d83","word":"issues","definition":"Plural of issue; topics, problems, or disputes that are under discussion or being resolved.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"asuntos","language_family":"french","root":"issir","root_meaning":"to come out or exit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"issues","meaning":"topics or problems under discussion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"issue","meaning":"outcome or way out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"issir","meaning":"to come out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exire","meaning":"to go out or exit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["issue","issuing","issued","exit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"problems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"topics","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matters","formality":"formal"},{"word":"concerns","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"e0fa14dc-0a6e-4e20-a11d-d14aee5bfea7","word":"ist","definition":"A suffix forming nouns that denote an adherent of a doctrine, a practitioner of an activity, or one skilled in a particular field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"-ista","language_family":"greek","root":"-istes","root_meaning":"agent, one who does","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"-ist","meaning":"suffix denoting an adherent or practitioner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-ista","meaning":"suffix for agent nouns","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-istes","meaning":"suffix for agent nouns","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["artist","physicist","socialist","tourist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practitioner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adherent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specialist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"4e179741-4ed7-45e1-9d44-cfd8da7b2583","word":"italian","definition":"Relating to Italy, its people, language, or culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"italiano","language_family":"latin","root":"Italicus","root_meaning":"of Italy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"italian","meaning":"relating to Italy","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Italian","meaning":"of or pertaining to Italy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Italicus","meaning":"of Italy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Italia","meaning":"Italy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Italy","Italic","Italianism","Italianate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"from Italy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Mediterranean","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"ff5ff7d2-10c7-48aa-a949-6e45ccd44d19","word":"italic","definition":"A style of typeface in which the letters slope to the right, used for emphasis or to distinguish words.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"itálico","language_family":"latin","root":"Italia","root_meaning":"Italy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"italic","meaning":"slanted typeface","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"italico","meaning":"Italian","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Italia","meaning":"Italy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Italy","Italian","script","font","oblique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slanted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cursive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oblique","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"0ef2f4cb-a96e-46c9-b619-8c7a7c69f204","word":"italy","definition":"A country in Southern Europe, forming a peninsula extending into the Mediterranean Sea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Italia","language_family":"latin","root":"Italia","root_meaning":"land of cattle (from Vitulus, calf)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Italy","meaning":"Southern European country","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"Italy","meaning":"Southern European peninsula","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Italia","meaning":"the Italian peninsula","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Italus","meaning":"legendary king, possibly related to cattle","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Italian","Italic","Italicize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Peninsula","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Belpaese","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.110Z"}
{"id":"c71b295b-765b-462c-8a1a-f4d5f2aa8976","word":"itch","definition":"An itch is an irritating skin sensation that creates a strong urge to scratch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*jukkjan","root_meaning":"to itch","root_language":"West Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"itch","meaning":"an irritating skin sensation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gicce","meaning":"itch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"giccan","meaning":"to itch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*jukkjan","meaning":"to itch","children":[],"language":"West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["itches","itched","itching","itchy","itchiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pruritus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"irritation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prickling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"965d11fc-cf86-42fe-b95d-63dd8b2f9932","word":"itchy","definition":"Causing or feeling an itch, and by extension restlessly eager or eager to do something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"giccan","root_meaning":"to itch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"itchy","meaning":"causing or feeling an itch","children":[{"era":"current","word":"itch","meaning":"an irritating sensation that prompts scratching","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"giccan / gicce","meaning":"to itch; an itch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["itch","itching","itchiness","itchy palm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pruritic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"irritating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scratchy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"6d4428f5-0ab0-44de-9684-477daed6d6a8","word":"item","definition":"A single object or article.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ítem","language_family":"latin","root":"item","root_meaning":"in this manner, likewise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"item","meaning":"a single object or thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"item","meaning":"in this manner, likewise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["itemize","itemized","items"],"synonyms":[{"word":"object","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"article","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"cde90d3e-e3c8-4d26-b550-51eeb3f5fb92","word":"items","definition":"Individual articles or things in a collection or list.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ítems","language_family":"latin","root":"item","root_meaning":"likewise, also","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"items","meaning":"plural individual things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"item","meaning":"individual article","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"item","meaning":"likewise, also, one more","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["item","itemize","itemized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"articles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"things","formality":"informal"},{"word":"objects","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"9708e24e-a635-46fa-9210-eb8dc016c110","word":"itinerary","definition":"A planned route or detailed schedule of a journey, listing destinations, stops, and travel arrangements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"itinerario","language_family":"latin","root":"iter","root_meaning":"journey, road, way","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"itinerary","meaning":"planned route or travel schedule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"itinerarium","meaning":"of a journey; travel record","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iter (itineris)","meaning":"journey, road, way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ire","meaning":"to go","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*ei-","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["itinerant","itinerate","itinerancy","itineration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"route","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agenda","formality":"formal"},{"word":"travel plan","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"501a6da3-415d-4b86-9c1c-498d062a640f","word":"its","definition":"Belonging to or associated with a thing, animal, or previously mentioned neuter entity.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hit","root_meaning":"it (neuter)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*it-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"its","meaning":"belonging to a thing or neuter entity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"his/hit (neuter possessive)","meaning":"of it","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hit","meaning":"it (neuter pronoun)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*it-","meaning":"that, it","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["it","itself","his","her"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belonging to it","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"e04d97b6-076c-4dc5-8685-fe0b741c5285","word":"itself","definition":"Used as a reflexive or emphatic pronoun referring to a thing previously mentioned.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"it + self","root_meaning":"that thing + one's own person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*se- + *swel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"itself","meaning":"reflexive pronoun for things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"it","meaning":"that thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hit","meaning":"it","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"one's own person","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*swel-","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["himself","herself","myself","yourself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"itself","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the thing itself","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"c6b29191-2ee5-429d-8dee-2ed8a60d832a","word":"ivory","definition":"A hard, creamy-white material forming the main part of the tusks of an elephant or walrus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"ebur","root_meaning":"ivory","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ivory","meaning":"a hard creamy-white material","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"ivoire","meaning":"ivory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"eboreus","meaning":"of ivory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ebur","meaning":"ivory","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eburnean","elephant","walrus","tooth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dentin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"9896c119-23f6-41d2-8449-62639d38ed6e","word":"ivy","definition":"A woody evergreen climbing plant, typically having five-lobed leaves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ifig","root_meaning":"ivy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ivy","meaning":"a climbing plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ifig","meaning":"ivy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ivy-clad","ivy-league","poison ivy","vine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"climber","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"1660399e-ad39-4a43-aac6-da703cd40cbb","word":"jab","definition":"A jab is a quick sharp thrust, poke, or punch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"jab","root_meaning":"a sharp thrust or poke","root_language":"Scots","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jab","meaning":"quick sharp thrust, poke, or punch","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"jab","meaning":"to thrust or stab sharply","children":[],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jabbed","jabbing","jabs","jabbingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thrust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"punch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"fe1418a1-a9a7-4e40-9bae-56bea64f1d58","word":"jack","definition":"A device for lifting heavy objects, or a male given name, or a playing card with a picture of a young man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Jack","root_meaning":"a man, a fellow","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jack","meaning":"a lifting device or playing card","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Jack","meaning":"a common man, a fellow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Jankin","meaning":"diminutive of Jan","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jacket","jacking","jackpot","hijack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knave","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"1cbe10e8-b22d-4f3e-9c18-9f799037b89d","word":"jackass","definition":"A male donkey; a foolish or stupid person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"jack + ass","root_meaning":"common man / male + donkey","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jackass","meaning":"male donkey/foolish person","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"jackass","meaning":"male donkey","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"jack","meaning":"common man, male animal","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"John","meaning":"proper name","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ass","meaning":"donkey","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"asinus","meaning":"donkey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jack","ass","donkey","foolish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blockhead","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"0df8f255-8336-47b8-8409-50d997252570","word":"jacket","definition":"An outer garment extending to the waist or hips, with sleeves, typically fastening down the front.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"chaqueta","language_family":"french","root":"jaque","root_meaning":"short coat, tunic","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jacket","meaning":"outer garment","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"jaquet","meaning":"short tunic","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"jaque","meaning":"short coat, tunic","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jerkin","vest","waistcoat","jacquard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blazer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anorak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parka","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"4441e8c1-f2dc-4a41-b672-f78da43f10af","word":"jackpot","definition":"A large cash prize, especially one that accumulates until it is won.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Jack + pot","root_meaning":"cards + stakes","root_language":"American English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jackpot","meaning":"A large cash prize.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"jack + pot","meaning":"cards + stakes","children":[],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pot","poker","jack","winnings"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"winnings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kitty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"cb04de75-6622-42bf-b9bd-6ca4fd628f50","word":"jackson","definition":"A proper noun; a surname or place name, notably referring to the Jackson family or Jackson, Mississippi.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Jack","root_meaning":"a man or diminutive of John","root_language":"English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Jackson","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Jackson","meaning":"son of Jack","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Jack","meaning":"a man or John","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Iohannes","meaning":"God is gracious","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jack","Johns","Johnson"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"formal"},{"word":"family name","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"46bc1883-b5cb-4d93-bb3b-76f9ef344ca5","word":"jade","definition":"A hard, typically green stone, used for ornaments and implements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ijada","language_family":"latin","root":"ilia","root_meaning":"flanks","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jade","meaning":"green ornamental stone","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"piedra de la ijada","meaning":"loin stone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ilia","meaning":"flanks","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["iliac","ilium","loin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nephrite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"jadeite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gemstone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"5a42a1fa-425c-4e5c-a277-4e7aa9404f3c","word":"jaguar","definition":"A large spotted cat of the tiger family, native to tropical America.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jaguar","language_family":"other","root":"yaguareté","root_meaning":"true beast","root_language":"Tupi","root_era":"pre-17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jaguar","meaning":"A large spotted cat of tropical America.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"jaguar","meaning":"large cat","children":[{"era":"pre-17th century","word":"yaguareté","meaning":"true beast","children":[],"language":"Tupi"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cat","feline","leopard","panther"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leopard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panther","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"8b4188b8-95c8-4545-9af0-5f6ce39455bc","word":"jail","definition":"A place of confinement for people held in lawful custody, especially those awaiting trial.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jaula","language_family":"french","root":"gabiola / jaole","root_meaning":"cage","root_language":"Old North French / Anglo-French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*gabi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jail","meaning":"place of confinement, prison","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jaile / gaile","meaning":"cage, prison","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"jaole (Anglo-French) / geole (Old French)","meaning":"cage, prison","children":[{"era":"700s–900s","word":"gabiola / caveola","meaning":"little cage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cavea","meaning":"cage, enclosure, hollow","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*keu-","meaning":"to swell, vault, hole","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gaol","jailer","jailbreak","imprison","incarcerate","cage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"penitentiary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lockup","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gaol","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"53c469ff-5f6a-4405-9f7d-2a4ec5b6ebc9","word":"jam","definition":"To squeeze or pack tightly into a space.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"jam","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jam","meaning":"to squeeze or pack tightly","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"jam","meaning":"to press into a space","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jammed","jamming","jammy","traffic jam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"squeeze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cram","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wedge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"59ad2749-d16e-44f6-9173-e11c01238679","word":"james","definition":"A common masculine given name, or plural of the name James.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Jaime","language_family":"other","root":"Jacob","root_meaning":"supplanter","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"biblical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"James","meaning":"given name","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"James","meaning":"given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Jacobus","meaning":"Jacob","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"Jacob","meaning":"supplanter, heel-holder","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jacob","Jim","Jimmy","Jacques","Giacomo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Jim","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Jimmy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Jacob","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"ca58d129-5204-4996-98fb-c851eccf60e0","word":"jan","definition":"The first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar; abbreviation for January.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enero","language_family":"latin","root":"Januarius","root_meaning":"month of Janus, the two-faced Roman god of beginnings and endings","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jan","meaning":"abbreviation for January, first month","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"January","meaning":"first month of the year","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Januarius","meaning":"month of Janus","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["January","Janus","janitor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"January","formality":"formal"},{"word":"first month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"00c98390-30e8-462c-ab12-b32170cf40f4","word":"janitor","definition":"A person employed to look after a public building, such as a school, and who performs minor repairs and cleaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"iānitor","root_meaning":"doorkeeper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁eh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"janitor","meaning":"building caretaker","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"janitor","meaning":"doorkeeper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iānua","meaning":"door","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*h₁eh₂-","meaning":"door","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["January","Janus","janitress","janitorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"custodian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caretaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superintendent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"8bb83d30-baaf-4018-91a6-70df2ee8a971","word":"january","definition":"The first month of the calendar year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enero","language_family":"latin","root":"Januarius","root_meaning":"of Janus, Roman god of doors and new beginnings","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"january","meaning":"first month","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"January","meaning":"first month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Januarius","meaning":"of Janus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Janus","meaning":"Roman god of doors and transitions","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["January","jan","januaries"],"synonyms":[{"word":"first month","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jan","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"d66057ba-dfe9-4aed-bf37-adc812feb01f","word":"japan","definition":"A glossy black coating or lacquer, originally from Japan, used on wood or metal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Jipen","root_meaning":"origin of the sun","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"japan","meaning":"glossy black lacquer","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"japan","meaning":"lacquerware from Japan","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Japon","meaning":"Japan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Nippon","meaning":"origin of the sun","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Japanese","japanned","lacquer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lacquer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"varnish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"7435db59-c52f-40fe-a0f0-18ea4e1dcbec","word":"japanese","definition":"Of or relating to Japan, its people, language, or culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"japonés","language_family":"other","root":"Japan","root_meaning":"land of the rising sun","root_language":"Dutch/Portuguese via Japanese","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"japanese","meaning":"relating to Japan","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Japan","meaning":"island nation in East Asia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Nippon/Nihon","meaning":"origin of the sun; land of rising sun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ni (日) + hon (本)","meaning":"sun + origin/base","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Japan","Japanese language","Nippon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"East Asian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Nipponese","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"59ba6bc8-725e-4140-bf98-494275da7950","word":"jar","definition":"A cylindrical container, typically made of glass or earthenware, used for storage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jarra","language_family":"other","root":"jarrah","root_meaning":"earthen pot, pitcher","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"8th-10th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jar","meaning":"a cylindrical container","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"jarre","meaning":"a jar","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"jarra","meaning":"earthen pot, pitcher","children":[{"era":"8th-10th century","word":"jarrah","meaning":"earthen pot, pitcher","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Spanish/Portuguese"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["carafe","decanter","jug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vessel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"598a3014-3330-4c75-a3e7-6c646de2f822","word":"jasmine","definition":"A shrub or climbing plant of the olive family, with fragrant flowers, typically yellow or white.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jazmín","language_family":"other","root":"yasmin","root_meaning":"jasmine plant","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jasmine","meaning":"a fragrant flowering plant","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"jasmin","meaning":"jasmine","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"yāsamīn","meaning":"jasmine","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"yāsaman","meaning":"jasmine","children":[],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"flower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blossom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shrub","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"b8a1b39d-5d75-4809-baef-9d74f7ebf339","word":"jasper","definition":"An opaque, impure variety of chalcedony, usually red, yellow, brown, or green in color.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jaspe","language_family":"greek","root":"ἴασπις (íaspis)","root_meaning":"jasper","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jasper","meaning":"opaque gemstone","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"jaspre","meaning":"jasper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iaspis","meaning":"jasper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἴασπις (íaspis)","meaning":"jasper","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"yashp","meaning":"jasper","children":[],"language":"Persian (Semitic)"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chalcedony","agate","quartz","gemstone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chalcedony","formality":"technical"},{"word":"agate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gem","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"4c7aca17-2b27-4dd8-bead-d4e737a96504","word":"java","definition":"Coffee, or the Indonesian island known for its coffee production.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Java","root_meaning":"island in Indonesia","root_language":"Malay/Indonesian","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"java","meaning":"coffee","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"java","meaning":"coffee (from place of origin)","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Java","meaning":"island in Indonesia","children":[],"language":"Indonesian"}],"language":"English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coffee","brew","joe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coffee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"brew","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"484992da-1cb7-47c4-a014-6d9f96ba162e","word":"javascript","definition":"A programming language primarily used for creating interactive web pages and browser applications.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Java + Script","root_meaning":"Java (programming language) + Script (sequence of commands)","root_language":"English neologism","root_era":"1995","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"JavaScript","meaning":"web programming language","children":[{"era":"1995","word":"JavaScript","meaning":"scripting language for web browsers","children":[{"era":"1995","word":"Java","meaning":"programming language","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"Script","meaning":"written sequence of commands","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Java","script","ECMAScript","TypeScript"],"synonyms":[{"word":"JS","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ECMAScript","formality":"technical"},{"word":"web scripting language","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"2124f731-e4ec-41c5-ab82-068605f10c5f","word":"jaw","definition":"Either of the two bones that form the framework of the mouth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"chaw/chaul","root_meaning":"jaw","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jaw","meaning":"bone of the mouth","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"chaw/chaul","meaning":"jaw","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chew","jowl","chaw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mandible","formality":"technical"},{"word":"maxilla","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mouth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"224c4b4b-b166-4ccf-aea0-3d51e8b26362","word":"jay","definition":"A noisy, colorful bird of the crow family.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gayo","language_family":"french","root":"gai","root_meaning":"jay (bird)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jay","meaning":"type of bird","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gai","meaning":"jay (bird)","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bluejay","crow","magpie","corvid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bluejay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corvid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"f885adf9-0c87-4706-8f30-1cb1fe6215ab","word":"jazz","definition":"A genre of music characterized by improvisation, syncopated rhythms, and complex harmony.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jazz","language_family":"other","root":"jass","root_meaning":"vigor, liveliness (possibly from West African or Creole sources)","root_language":"unknown/disputed","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jazz","meaning":"musical genre with improvisation","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"jazz","meaning":"music style originating in New Orleans","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"jass/jasm","meaning":"vigor, energy","children":[],"language":"Creole/African-influenced"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jazzy","jazzed","jazz-influenced","jazz musician"],"synonyms":[{"word":"syncopated music","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bebop","formality":"technical"},{"word":"swing","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"21691dd2-ea1f-4968-98fe-8eb8d43dc177","word":"jealous","definition":"Feeling or showing envy of someone or their achievements and possessions, or feeling suspicious of rivalry.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"celoso","language_family":"french","root":"zelus","root_meaning":"zeal, emulation, rivalry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jealous","meaning":"feeling envious or suspicious of rivalry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jalous","meaning":"zealous, envious","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"zelosus","meaning":"full of zeal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"zelus","meaning":"zeal, emulation","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ζῆλος (zēlos)","meaning":"zeal, rivalry","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jealousy","zeal","zealous","envy","rivalry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"envious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covetous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suspicious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"ce41940d-091f-43b2-8fae-4f94f6709e4b","word":"jean","definition":"A sturdy twilled cotton fabric, typically blue, used for trousers and other clothing; also, trousers made of this fabric.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Genua","root_meaning":"Genoa (city name)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jean","meaning":"durable cotton fabric/trousers","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"jean (fustian)","meaning":"fabric from Genoa","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"Gênes","meaning":"Genoa","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Genova","meaning":"Genoa","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Genua","meaning":"Genoa","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["denim","fustian","corduroy","dungarees"],"synonyms":[{"word":"denims","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trousers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pants","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"3e587f02-46ba-4509-b3a1-2a6933e1e5b0","word":"jeeves","definition":"A butler or highly competent personal servant, named after the P. G. Wodehouse character Jeeves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jeeves","meaning":"a butler or highly competent personal servant","children":[{"era":"1930","word":"Jeeves","meaning":"the valet character in P. G. Wodehouse's novels","children":[{"era":"1120","word":"Jeeves","meaning":"an attested family name, probably the source of the character name","children":[],"language":"English surname"}],"language":"Literary English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jeevesian","Jeevesesque","Jeevesism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"butler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manservant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"ab936b39-e0cc-4feb-bea0-8c58b8de91fb","word":"jelly","definition":"A soft, translucent, elastic, colloidal substance, often fruit-flavored.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jalea","language_family":"french","root":"gelée","root_meaning":"jelly, frost","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jelly","meaning":"soft, translucent substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gelée","meaning":"jelly, frost","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"geler","meaning":"to freeze","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gelāre","meaning":"to freeze","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gel","congeal","gelatin","freeze"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preserve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conserve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"5b9ab913-e4ec-4dae-96cf-64a73e2ce5df","word":"jenny","definition":"A female donkey, or historically a spinning jenny — a multi-spindle textile machine from the Industrial Revolution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Jen / Jane / Joan","root_meaning":"pet form of Jane, feminine form of John","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jenny","meaning":"female donkey; spinning machine","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Jenny","meaning":"pet form of Jane/Janet","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Jane / Jehanne","meaning":"feminine form of John","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Iohannes","meaning":"John (from Hebrew Yohanan)","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"Yohanan","meaning":"God is gracious","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Old French"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jane","Janet","Jennifer","John","spinning jenny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"she-ass","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"female donkey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jennet","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"d887d965-d8ed-43d2-a023-0853134b6506","word":"jeopardize","definition":"To put someone or something in danger or at risk.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"jeu parti","root_meaning":"divided game; even game; equal stakes","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jeopardize","meaning":"to put in danger or at risk","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"jeopardy + -ize","meaning":"to place in jeopardy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jeopardy","meaning":"danger; hazard","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jeu parti","meaning":"a divided or even game","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jeopardy","jeopardized","jeopardizing","jeopardous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endanger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imperil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"risk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"8cb23178-844e-48de-a9ec-2c7fc356a066","word":"jer","definition":"A jer is a clipped form of jerfalcon, meaning a gyrfalcon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"jerfalcon","root_meaning":"gyrfalcon","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"late medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jer","meaning":"a clipping of jerfalcon","children":[{"era":"late medieval","word":"jerfalcon","meaning":"gyrfalcon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geirfalki","meaning":"gyrfalcon","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jerfalcon","gyrfalcon","falcon","falconry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gyrfalcon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jerfalcon","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"falcon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"ecbd169f-b188-42f8-bb5f-17613be6331b","word":"jerk","definition":"A quick, sharp pull or thrust; also used informally to describe a contemptible or foolish person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"yerkken","root_meaning":"to pull, draw","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*yer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jerk","meaning":"sharp pull; contemptible person","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"yerk / jerke","meaning":"to draw stitches tight; to strike","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*yer-","meaning":"to pull, tug","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jerkily","jerky","jerkwater","jerking","berserk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oaf","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lout","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dolt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"b7adad21-4fe7-41a6-ac0c-3a660ab924e1","word":"jerky","definition":"Jerky means uneven, abrupt, or full of sudden starts and stops.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"jerk","root_meaning":"a sudden movement; to move abruptly","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jerky","meaning":"uneven or abrupt in motion or pattern","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"jerk","meaning":"a sudden movement; to move abruptly","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jerk","jerked","jerking","jerkily","jerkiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abrupt","formality":"formal"},{"word":"jarring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spasmodic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"uneven","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"0ee03ba2-cfff-4cd8-9a26-eeb5f533f218","word":"jersey","definition":"A close-fitting knitted garment or a type of fabric, also the name of a Channel Island.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Jersey","root_meaning":"from the Island of Jersey","root_language":"Old Norse/Norman French","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jersey","meaning":"knitted garment or fabric","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Jersey","meaning":"the Channel Island, also a type of cloth made there","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Gersey","meaning":"Island of Jersey","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Ǫrsey","meaning":"seal island","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Norman French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jersey cow","jerseys","sweater","pullover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sweater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jumper","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pullover","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"4ea027ff-6c45-40f1-9bba-052dd93f42ef","word":"jess","definition":"A short strap fastened around the leg of a hawk or falcon, to which a leash may be attached.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"ges","root_meaning":"jess, strap","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jess","meaning":"A short strap fastened around the leg of a hawk or falcon, to which a leash may be attached.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"jesse","meaning":"jess","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ges","meaning":"jess, strap","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*iectus","meaning":"a throw","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iactare","meaning":"to throw, cast","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jet (verb)","eject","project","trajectory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tether","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"b692d244-2926-4a30-bd3e-ab91eb74ba44","word":"jesus","definition":"Central figure of Christianity believed by Christians to be the Son of God.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Jesús","language_family":"greek","root":"Iésous","root_meaning":"transliteration of Hebrew Yeshua","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1st century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Jesus","meaning":"founder of Christianity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Jesu","meaning":"variant of Jesus","children":[{"era":"1st century","word":"Iésous","meaning":"Greek transliteration","children":[{"era":"1st century BCE","word":"Yeshua","meaning":"God is salvation","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Christ","Messiah","Christian","Christmas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Christ","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the Savior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Lord","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"0bc2c032-808a-4718-b9b1-f37c591fccd3","word":"jew","definition":"A person whose religion is Judaism or who is a member of the Jewish people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"judío","language_family":"other","root":"יְהוּדִי","root_meaning":"of Judah","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jew","meaning":"member of the Jewish people","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Ieu","meaning":"Jew","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Iudaeus","meaning":"Jewish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaios)","meaning":"of Judea","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"יְהוּדִי (Yehudi)","meaning":"of Judah","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Judaism","Jewish","Judah","Judea","Hebrew"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Israelite","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Hebrew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"member of Jewish people","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"0ec3a561-ac46-40d2-a7e9-0653d85e4a94","word":"jewel","definition":"A precious stone, or an ornament containing one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"joya","language_family":"french","root":"joel","root_meaning":"an ornament","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jewel","meaning":"a precious stone or ornament","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"jewel","meaning":"an ornament","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"joel","meaning":"an ornament","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gaudium","meaning":"joy, delight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jewelry","jeweler","bijou","enjoy","rejoice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treasure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ornament","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"48365f33-7a25-41f1-9fc3-14b03a054027","word":"jewellery","definition":"Ornaments, such as necklaces, rings, or bracelets, that are made of jewels or precious metals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"joyería","language_family":"french","root":"joiel","root_meaning":"jewel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jewellery","meaning":"ornaments","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"jewelrie","meaning":"jewels collectively","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"joiel","meaning":"jewel","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jewel","gem","bijou","jeweler","goldsmith"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ornaments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finery","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"7719d3e2-f86c-4049-ba40-f4baa7906910","word":"jewelry","definition":"Ornamental articles such as rings, necklaces, and bracelets worn for adornment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"joyería","language_family":"french","root":"jouel","root_meaning":"jewel, trinket","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jewelry","meaning":"ornamental items for adornment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"jewel","meaning":"precious stone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jouel","meaning":"jewel, trinket","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jewel","jeweler","jeweled","jewels"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adornments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accessories","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ornaments","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"fabfc908-221c-4dd8-b2f2-4ef57e912cbf","word":"jill","definition":"A familiar form of the given name Jillian or Gillian. Also, a female companion or sweetheart.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Aegidius","root_meaning":"shield-bearer","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Jill","meaning":"familiar name","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Jillian/Gillian","meaning":"given name","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Gille","meaning":"feminine form of Giles","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aegidia","meaning":"feminine form of Aegidius","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aegidius","meaning":"shield-bearer","children":[],"language":"Latin (from Greek)"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Gillian","Jillian","Giles","aegis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"girl","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"4530bdca-4c46-40ff-a135-15c815208495","word":"jim","definition":"A proper name; in slang, a tool used for prying open doors or windows.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Jacobus","root_meaning":"supplanter; one who follows","root_language":"Hebrew via Latin","root_era":"biblical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jim","meaning":"proper name; burglary tool","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Jim","meaning":"shortened form of James","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"James","meaning":"supplanter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Jacobus","meaning":"supplanter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["James","Jimmy","Jiminy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crowbar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pry bar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"cc44af9e-3925-46d5-b4df-451f8d2afe51","word":"jimmy","definition":"A short crowbar, especially one used by burglars to force open a door or window.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"jemmy","root_meaning":"unknown origin, possibly diminutive of James","root_language":"English (slang)","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jimmy","meaning":"short crowbar","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"jemmy","meaning":"a short crowbar","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"James","meaning":"as a generic name","children":[],"language":"English (name)"}],"language":"English (slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crowbar","pry","jemmy","lever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jemmy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crowbar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lever","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"7929e36e-26a4-43ad-b6c0-52cbe08a4ecd","word":"jingle","definition":"A light ringing sound, as of small bells or metallic objects striking together; a short, catchy tune used in advertising.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jingle","meaning":"light ringing sound","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"jingle","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chime","tinkle","rattle","clink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tinkle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chime","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"cc5981bd-a834-4ab1-8214-104846a044ad","word":"jinx","definition":"A jinx is a person, thing, or supposed spell believed to bring bad luck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"ἴυγξ","root_meaning":"wryneck bird; charm or spell","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jinx","meaning":"a spell, curse, or source of bad luck","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"jinx","meaning":"a source of bad luck or a supposed curse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἴυγξ","meaning":"the wryneck bird; a magical charm or spell","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jinxed","jinxing","jinxer","jinxproof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hex","formality":"informal"},{"word":"spell","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"0d80dd5c-840c-4b57-9dcf-78edbb186345","word":"job","definition":"A paid position of regular employment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"jobbe","root_meaning":"piece of work, lump","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"job","meaning":"paid employment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jobbe","meaning":"piece of work, lump","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gob","meaning":"lump, mass","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jobless","jobber","jobing","jobs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"244d655c-8837-4a4f-8fa7-2ee89e02eb55","word":"jobs","definition":"Pieces of work or tasks, especially paid employment or occupations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"job","root_meaning":"a piece of work","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jobs","meaning":"pieces of work, employment tasks","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"job","meaning":"a piece of work","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"jobe","meaning":"to peck at, to jab","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["job","jobless","jobber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tasks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"418ca679-528c-4a87-b1ae-703ea3acd17d","word":"joe","definition":"A cup of coffee, typically used informally or colloquially in everyday speech.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"joe","root_meaning":"coffee, ordinary person","root_language":"American slang","root_era":"1930s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"joe","meaning":"cup of coffee","children":[{"era":"1930s","word":"joe","meaning":"coffee","children":[],"language":"American slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cup of joe","coffee","java"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coffee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"java","formality":"informal"},{"word":"brew","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"f8dfb663-d1ef-4541-83bb-f16807feb84f","word":"joey","definition":"a young kangaroo, wallaby, or opossum.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":"Australian English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"joey","meaning":"a young marsupial","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"joey","meaning":"young of a marsupial","children":[],"language":"Australian English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kangaroo","wallaby","opossum","cub"],"synonyms":[{"word":"young","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"d7094a9b-5b19-4270-a332-d5334326b720","word":"john","definition":"A common male given name or sometimes a slang term for a toilet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Iōannēs","root_meaning":"God is gracious","root_language":"Hebrew via Greek","root_era":"biblical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"John","meaning":"a male given name","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"John","meaning":"a male name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Johannes","meaning":"God is gracious","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"Iōannēs","meaning":"God is gracious","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Jon","Jean","Joan","Giovanni"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Jonathan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Giovanni","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Jean","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"fd3e111d-f48a-4743-a1e7-964a77159db2","word":"johnson","definition":"A common English surname, meaning the son of John.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"John","root_meaning":"Yahweh is gracious (Hebrew origin in English use)","root_language":"English patronymic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Johnson","meaning":"surname: son of John","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Johnson","meaning":"son of John","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"John","meaning":"male given name","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["John","Jon","Joan","Jonson"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"7d0d83d3-9449-48d3-9f6f-ce3accd679d8","word":"join","definition":"To connect or fasten together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"juntar","language_family":"latin","root":"jungere","root_meaning":"to join, yoke","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yeug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"join","meaning":"to connect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"joindre","meaning":"to join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"jungere","meaning":"to join, yoke","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*yeug-","meaning":"to join, yoke","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["joint","joinery","joined","joiner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"0799c10d-2efa-4ff1-8528-190dc1405f93","word":"joined","definition":"Connected or linked together; became a member of or associated with.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"juntado","language_family":"latin","root":"jungere","root_meaning":"to join, yoke, connect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yeug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"joined","meaning":"connected or linked together","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"join","meaning":"to connect, attach","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"joindre","meaning":"to connect, join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"jungere","meaning":"to yoke, join, connect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["join","joint","joining","joiner","adjoin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"linked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"united","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"43c3dd3b-af03-45b8-b949-45eaeb4f4777","word":"joint","definition":"A place where two things are joined together; also, a cannabis cigarette in slang.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"junta","language_family":"latin","root":"iungere","root_meaning":"to join, yoke together","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yeug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"joint","meaning":"a place where two things are joined together","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"joint","meaning":"a joining point, articulation","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"jointe","meaning":"a joining, joint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iunctus","meaning":"joined, yoked","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iungere","meaning":"to join, yoke together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["join","joinery","junction","conjugate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"junction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"articulation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"seam","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"c7ff6b9f-1a09-47a4-91c3-752793136318","word":"joke","definition":"Something said or done to provoke laughter or cause amusement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"iocus","root_meaning":"jest, sport, pastime","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"joke","meaning":"something amusing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iocus","meaning":"jest, sport","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jocular","jocose","jocund","jest","juggle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jest","formality":"literary"},{"word":"gag","formality":"informal"},{"word":"witticism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"73f24bfd-ab66-4856-90ac-23918e4a0cad","word":"jones","definition":"A surname of Welsh origin, or a slang term for a craving or addiction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"John","root_meaning":"God is gracious (Hebrew origin, anglicized)","root_language":"Welsh/English patronymic","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jones","meaning":"Surname or craving","children":[{"era":"1300s-1500s","word":"Jones","meaning":"Son of John (patronymic)","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"John","meaning":"Male name from Hebrew origin","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Johnson","Johnston","Jonah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"craving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"addiction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hankering","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"ff7b04f5-cd20-4fe0-8237-590f92c5fe0e","word":"joseph","definition":"A male given name of Hebrew origin, meaning he shall increase or God will multiply.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"José","language_family":"other","root":"Yosef","root_meaning":"he shall increase, God will add","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Joseph","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Joseph","meaning":"transliteration from Greek","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Iosephos","meaning":"transliteration","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Yosef","meaning":"he shall increase","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Josephine","Joey","Jose","Yosef","Giuseppe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Joe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Jose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Giuseppe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Yosef","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"d870ca5b-df5f-40f3-90f6-1b86dbe4aa9e","word":"josh","definition":"To tease or joke with someone in a good-natured way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"josh","root_meaning":"to tease, banter","root_language":"American English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"josh","meaning":"to tease good-naturedly","children":[{"era":"mid-1800s","word":"josh","meaning":"to hoax or banter","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["joshing","josher","joshed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"banter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kid","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chaff","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"d48b71b6-2fa4-4d3d-a95c-d6447420cbc2","word":"journal","definition":"A daily record of events, thoughts, or transactions; a newspaper or periodical.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"diario","language_family":"french","root":"journalis","root_meaning":"of a day","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"journal","meaning":"daily record or periodical","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"journal","meaning":"daily record","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"journalis","meaning":"of a day","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"diurnalis","meaning":"daily","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["journalese","journalistic","journalist","journalize","diary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"periodical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"logbook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-05T23:46:57.738Z"}
{"id":"eaa04476-035c-459c-8e6a-15a17a56a741","word":"journey","definition":"An act of traveling from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jornada","language_family":"french","root":"jornee","root_meaning":"day's travel, day's work","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"diurnum","meaning":"Daily portion.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"jornee","meaning":"Day's travel.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"journey","meaning":"Trip, travel.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"jornada","meaning":"Day's work, journey.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["journal","diurnal","sojourn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"voyage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jaunt","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"a0f0a354-f14e-4b48-9327-e835efd6736f","word":"joy","definition":"A feeling of great pleasure and happiness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gozo","language_family":"french","root":"joie","root_meaning":"joy, pleasure","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"joy","meaning":"a feeling of great pleasure","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"joie","meaning":"joy, pleasure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gaudia","meaning":"joys, delights (plural of gaudium)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gaudium","meaning":"joy, delight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gaudere","meaning":"to rejoice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["joyful","rejoice","enjoy","joyous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"happiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleasure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bliss","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"c21ba600-2d9e-40af-bfa6-cf0d89ec65c1","word":"judge","definition":"A public official authorized to hear and decide cases in a court of law, or to form an opinion about something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"juez","language_family":"latin","root":"iudex","root_meaning":"judge, one who decides","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"judge","meaning":"person who decides cases or forms opinions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"judge","meaning":"to decide, to determine guilt or innocence","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"juger","meaning":"to judge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iudex","meaning":"judge, one who decides","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["judgment","judging","judicial","prejudge","misjudge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adjudicator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"magistrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arbiter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"referee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"9dbcc8df-5786-4e5a-bfaf-1f5bddcb8dab","word":"judgement","definition":"The ability to make considered decisions or form sensible conclusions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"juicio","language_family":"french","root":"iudicare","root_meaning":"to judge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"judgement","meaning":"decision-making ability","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"jugement","meaning":"judgment, trial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iudicare","meaning":"to judge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["judge","jury","justice","judicious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discernment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prudence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"verdict","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"0fd6eb33-9c38-4810-9d4d-cc93cf9cfbee","word":"judicial","definition":"Relating to a court of law or to judges.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"judicial","language_family":"latin","root":"iudicialis","root_meaning":"of or belonging to a court of justice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"judicial","meaning":"Relating to a court of law or to judges","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iudicialis","meaning":"of or belonging to a court of justice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iudicium","meaning":"judgment, trial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iudex","meaning":"judge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["judge","judgment","judiciary","judicious","prejudice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forensic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"juridical","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"65ecc9db-db6f-4ac3-82a9-d03501437202","word":"judo","definition":"A Japanese martial art and Olympic sport derived from jujitsu, emphasizing throws, pins, and holds rather than striking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"柔道 (jūdō)","root_meaning":"gentle way","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"1880s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"judo","meaning":"martial art emphasizing throws and grappling","children":[{"era":"1880s","word":"jūdō (柔道)","meaning":"gentle way; system created by Jigoro Kano in 1882","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"jū (柔)","meaning":"gentle, soft, yielding","children":[],"language":"Japanese/Classical Chinese"},{"era":"classical","word":"dō (道)","meaning":"way, path, principle","children":[],"language":"Japanese/Classical Chinese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["judoka","jujitsu","dojo","judo throw","randori"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grappling art","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jujitsu","formality":"technical"},{"word":"martial art","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"713bf712-f406-4cca-8f53-1eabba38c567","word":"jug","definition":"A container, usually with a handle and spout, for holding and pouring liquids.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jug","meaning":"a container for holding and pouring liquids","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jugge","meaning":"pitcher, jug","children":[{"era":null,"word":"uncertain origin","meaning":"possibly related to Middle English jubbe, jobbe, iubbe, geobbe, or altered from Old English ċēac","children":[],"language":"other"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jugful","jugged","jughead","jughandle","jugs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pitcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ewer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"9b5ecf03-6eef-458b-8002-3a7706145481","word":"juice","definition":"The liquid extracted from fruits, vegetables, or other organic matter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jugo","language_family":"french","root":"jus","root_meaning":"broth, juice, sauce","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*yewH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"juice","meaning":"liquid from fruit or vegetable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jus","meaning":"juice, broth, gravy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ius","meaning":"broth, liquid, sauce","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*yewH-","meaning":"to mix, blend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["juicy","juicer","jus","jussive","injunction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liquid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extract","formality":"technical"},{"word":"nectar","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fluid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.698Z"}
{"id":"515a6b4c-bb71-4dbf-828c-6f05bc548ae8","word":"juicy","definition":"Full of juice; succulent, or full of interest and valuable information.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"jugoso","language_family":"french","root":"jus","root_meaning":"juice, broth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"juicy","meaning":"full of juice","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"juice","meaning":"the fluid of fruits or vegetables","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jus","meaning":"juice, broth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ius","meaning":"broth, sauce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["juice","succulent","luscious","sappy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"succulent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flavorful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"3141eb9b-a67c-4e72-94c9-364482aad5c1","word":"jul","definition":"A Scandinavian festival celebrated around the winter solstice, predecessor to modern Christmas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"jól","root_meaning":"midwinter festival, yule","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*jewlum","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jul","meaning":"Christmas, yule","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"jól","meaning":"midwinter festival","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"jewlum","meaning":"yule, winter celebration","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern Scandinavian"},"related_words":["yule","jule","Christmas","Weihnachten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yule","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Christmas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midwinter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"a1e44758-eb42-474e-bdbc-9836d7f4c3d1","word":"july","definition":"The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, named after the Roman general Julius Caesar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"julio","language_family":"latin","root":"Julius","root_meaning":"The name of Roman general Julius Caesar","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"july","meaning":"seventh month of the year","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Julius","meaning":"name of Caesar","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["June","Julian","Julius","julep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seventh month","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Jul.","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"ab97cbc0-2cb4-477d-b4f4-05b1a7b20e0a","word":"jumbo","definition":"Very large or oversized.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jumbo","meaning":"very large","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Jumbo","meaning":"the name of the famous London Zoo elephant","children":[{"era":null,"word":"uncertain earlier source","meaning":"etymology before the proper name is uncertain","children":[],"language":"unknown"}],"language":"English proper name"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jumbos","jumbo-sized","jumbo jet","jumboize","jumbotron"],"synonyms":[{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gigantic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oversized","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"9ca94fcd-bef7-4804-9a11-8574289d5f32","word":"jump","definition":"To push oneself off the ground with force using one's legs and feet.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"jumpan","root_meaning":"to jump","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jump","meaning":"to push off ground with legs","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"jump","meaning":"to jump","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"jumpen","meaning":"to jump","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jumpan","meaning":"to jump, move heavily","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jumper","jumping","jumps","jump-start"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bound","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"8affab62-d632-404a-ac91-3c21d9066276","word":"jumpy","definition":"Jumpy means nervous, easily startled, or prone to sudden movement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"jump","root_meaning":"to leap or spring suddenly","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jumpy","meaning":"nervous or full of sudden movement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"jump","meaning":"to leap or spring suddenly","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jump","jumper","jumping","jumpiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nervous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jittery","formality":"informal"},{"word":"skittish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edgy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"b74efc65-28cd-4fe5-9922-dcbe854762e9","word":"jun","definition":"Abbreviation for June, the sixth month of the year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Iunius","root_meaning":"sacred to Juno","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Jun","meaning":"sixth month","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"June","meaning":"sixth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Iunius","meaning":"sacred to Juno","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["June","January","July","monthly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sixth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"bbdc57f4-ba46-46d1-8b7e-6cdefe75aa10","word":"junction","definition":"A point where two or more things are joined.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"junción","language_family":"latin","root":"iunctio","root_meaning":"a joining, uniting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"junction","meaning":"a joining point","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"junction","meaning":"a joining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iunctio","meaning":"a joining, uniting","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["join","conjoint","adjunct","subjugate","yoke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"union","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intersection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"060c56e0-119d-4d39-89e7-48ab792688b4","word":"june","definition":"The sixth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"junio","language_family":"latin","root":"Junius","root_meaning":"of Juno (Roman goddess)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"June","meaning":"sixth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Junius","meaning":"of Juno","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Juno","meaning":"Roman goddess","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Juno","juniper","June bug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sixth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"dd5ad7c6-5ebe-4be8-9a9d-b9121391c54c","word":"jungle","definition":"A dense forest, typically in a tropical region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jungla","language_family":"other","root":"jaṅgal","root_meaning":"forest, wasteland","root_language":"Hindi","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":"jāṅgala (Sanskrit)","etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"jāṅgala","meaning":"Arid, sparsely wooded land.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"jaṅgal","meaning":"Forest, uncultivated land.","children":[{"era":"1770s","word":"jungle","meaning":"Dense tropical forest.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"jungla","meaning":"Jungle.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Hindi"}],"language":"Sanskrit"},"related_words":["jungly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rainforest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wilderness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bush","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"c0f03854-9f0c-4158-a43f-c06d9f853e80","word":"junior","definition":"A person or thing that is younger, of lower rank, or in an earlier stage of development.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"junior","language_family":"latin","root":"iunior","root_meaning":"younger, more youthful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yewen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"junior","meaning":"younger or lower in rank","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"junior","meaning":"younger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iunior","meaning":"younger, comparative of iuvenis","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["junior","seniority","juniority","youth","young"],"synonyms":[{"word":"younger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subordinate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lesser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"9876adac-c55f-4983-8fa5-932ca6ce8ea9","word":"junk","definition":"Old or discarded articles that are considered useless or of little value.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"junco","language_family":"latin","root":"juncus","root_meaning":"rush, reed (from which ropes were made)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"junk","meaning":"rubbish","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"junk","meaning":"old rope","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jonque","meaning":"nautical rope","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"juncus","meaning":"rush, reed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["junkyard","junket","jonquil","jumble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rubbish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"debris","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detritus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"d7b3ad6b-f585-422d-803c-993a59264a98","word":"jurisdiction","definition":"The official power to make legal decisions and judgments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jurisdicción","language_family":"latin","root":"iurisdictio","root_meaning":"administration of justice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jurisdiction","meaning":"official legal power","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iurisdictio","meaning":"administration of justice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ius","meaning":"law, right","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, speak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["justice","judicial","dictate","jury","jurist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authority","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purview","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"3c0318e8-9fb3-4073-b88b-436e85b020bd","word":"juror","definition":"A juror is a person sworn to serve on a jury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jurado","language_family":"latin","root":"iurare","root_meaning":"to swear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yewes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"juror","meaning":"one who serves on a jury","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"jurour","meaning":"one who swears an oath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iuratorem","meaning":"swearer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iurare","meaning":"to swear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ius","meaning":"law, right","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*yewes-","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jury","jurist","jurisdiction","juridical","jural","juratory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"panelist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trier","formality":"technical"},{"word":"assessor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"730d9664-53eb-4fec-b3e4-72e7698bcc3f","word":"jury","definition":"A body of people sworn to give a verdict in a legal case based on evidence presented.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jurado","language_family":"french","root":"juree","root_meaning":"oath, that which is sworn","root_language":"Anglo-French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*yewes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"jury","meaning":"panel of judges in a trial","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"juree","meaning":"oath, sworn body","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"jurée","meaning":"sworn (feminine past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"jurare","meaning":"to swear an oath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ius / iuris","meaning":"law, right","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*yewes-","meaning":"law, binding formula","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["juror","jurist","jurisdiction","abjure","perjure","injury"],"synonyms":[{"word":"panel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tribunal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adjudicators","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"d9766b34-6a59-4d53-8fe2-88c0d07734e6","word":"just","definition":"Recently; a moment ago, or in a manner that is morally or legally right.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"justo","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin iustus","root_meaning":"righteous, lawful, fair","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"just","meaning":"fair, recently, exactly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"iuste","meaning":"just, fair, righteous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iustus","meaning":"righteous, lawful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["justice","justify","unjust","adjustment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"righteous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"82b11b10-0313-4cfb-9062-fa09e2816590","word":"justice","definition":"The quality of being fair and reasonable; the administration of law and punishment of wrongdoing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"justicia","language_family":"latin","root":"iustus","root_meaning":"upright, righteous, or just","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"justice","meaning":"fairness and administration of law","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"justice","meaning":"fairness, righteousness, and legal judgment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iustitia","meaning":"righteousness and fairness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iustus","meaning":"upright or righteous","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["just","unjust","justify","injustice","justly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fairness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"righteousness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"equity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"bab0c5ed-3f8f-4d8f-932b-d6910137af06","word":"justify","definition":"To show or prove to be right or reasonable.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"justificar","language_family":"latin","root":"iustificare","root_meaning":"to make right, to declare just","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yewes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"justify","meaning":"to show or prove to be right or reasonable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"justifier","meaning":"to justify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iustificare","meaning":"to act justly, make just","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"iustus","meaning":"just, right","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["justice","just","justification","adjust","prejudice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"validate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vindicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legitimize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excuse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"c2efaceb-04f5-43f9-aecd-6d09a449dc04","word":"juvenile","definition":"Relating to young people; immature or childish.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"juvenil","language_family":"latin","root":"juvenilis","root_meaning":"youthful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂yew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"juvenile","meaning":"Relating to young people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"juvenilis","meaning":"youthful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"juvenis","meaning":"young","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["youth","junior","rejuvenate","juvenescence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"youthful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adolescent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"childish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"bb77a651-b511-4313-8541-13239dc58f1e","word":"kaiser","definition":"A title for an emperor, especially the ruler of Germany or Austria.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"César","language_family":"latin","root":"Caesar","root_meaning":"Roman family name and imperial title","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kaiser","meaning":"an emperor, especially of Germany or Austria","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Kaiser","meaning":"emperor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Caesar","meaning":"Roman family name that became an imperial title","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Caesar","czar","tsar","kaiserin","Kaiserreich"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emperor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"monarch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"},{"word":"czar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"480b38da-398b-4dfc-bcae-c26f17d9f85f","word":"kale","definition":"A leafy cabbage in the brassica family that is grown for its edible leaves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"col","language_family":"latin","root":"caulis","root_meaning":"stalk; cabbage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kale","meaning":"a leafy cabbage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kale/cale","meaning":"kale; cabbage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kál","meaning":"cabbage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caulis","meaning":"stalk; cabbage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cole","collard","kohlrabi","colewort","caulis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cabbage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"borecole","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"b77d3b2a-973e-4ff2-9dc1-76c0a7702aba","word":"kangaroo","definition":"A kangaroo is a large Australian marsupial with powerful hind legs, a long tail, and strong jumping ability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"gangurru","root_meaning":"a kangaroo, especially an eastern grey kangaroo","root_language":"Guugu Yimithirr","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kangaroo","meaning":"a large Australian hopping marsupial","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"gangurru","meaning":"a kind of kangaroo","children":[],"language":"Guugu Yimithirr"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kangarooing","roo","macropod","marsupial","wallaby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"macropod","formality":"technical"},{"word":"marsupial","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"db4a6481-40bd-41d2-aa8d-670b7800d3ab","word":"kansas","definition":"A state in the central United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Kansa","root_meaning":"people of the south wind","root_language":"Siouan (Native American)","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Kansas","meaning":"U.S. state","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Kansa","meaning":"people of the south wind","children":[],"language":"Siouan"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Kansa people","Kaw people","Kaw River"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Sunflower State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"b9839df4-ac81-4a91-87d7-46d3083dd62e","word":"kappa","definition":"Kappa is the tenth letter of the Greek alphabet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"kappa","root_meaning":"name of the Greek letter k","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kappa","meaning":"the Greek letter K or κ.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"κάππα","meaning":"the name of the Greek letter k.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"qōp","meaning":"the source letter behind Greek kappa.","children":[],"language":"Phoenician"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kappa","kappas","kappic","uppercase kappa","lowercase kappa"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Greek letter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"letter k","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alphabetic symbol","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"be94333e-bdf6-4bb1-a999-1f06130d0f5d","word":"karaoke","definition":"A form of entertainment in which people sing along to recorded backing tracks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"karaoke","language_family":"other","root":"karaoke","root_meaning":"empty orchestra","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1970s","word":"kara + ōkesutora","meaning":"Empty + orchestra.","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"karaoke","meaning":"Sing-along with recorded music.","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"karaoke","meaning":"Sing-along entertainment.","language":"English"},{"era":"1980s","word":"karaoke","meaning":"Karaoke.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"},"related_words":["karaoke bar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sing-along","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"426020b4-539b-4def-8a4b-577af7d14d28","word":"karate","definition":"A Japanese martial art involving punching, kicking, and open-hand striking techniques.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"空手 (karate)","root_meaning":"empty hand","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"karate","meaning":"martial art","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"空手 (karate)","meaning":"empty hand","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"空 (kara)","meaning":"empty","children":[],"language":"Japanese"},{"era":"ancient","word":"手 (te)","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["judo","aikido","kung fu","taekwondo","martial arts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"martial art","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-defense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"0e4e9d7f-dc81-47c1-9664-0da2c8e09088","word":"karma","definition":"The sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"karma","language_family":"other","root":"karman","root_meaning":"action, deed, fate","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":"*kʷer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"karma","meaning":"sum of actions and their consequences","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"karman","meaning":"action, deed, fate","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dharma","reincarnation","samsara","nirvana"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retribution","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"e761db57-178c-4bf6-97e1-4f336f9ddb14","word":"kathleen","definition":"An Irish female given name, a variant of Caitlín.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Caitlín","root_meaning":"pure","root_language":"Irish","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Kathleen","meaning":"Irish female given name","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Caitlín","meaning":"pure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Aikaterinē","meaning":"pure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Irish"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["Catherine","Katherine","Caitlyn","Catriona","Kitty"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"e4c25edf-cd65-4087-8222-5a6bd0e8c188","word":"keen","definition":"Having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm; (of a sense) highly developed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cene","root_meaning":"bold, eager","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"keen","meaning":"eager, sharp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cene","meaning":"bold, brave, fierce","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kōnijaz","meaning":"skillful, able","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["can (verb)","cunning","know","ken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sharp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"7d0eca72-b2f6-4eac-a1fb-7060236eb8d4","word":"keep","definition":"To have or retain something in one's possession or control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kepan","root_meaning":"to seize, to hold, to watch","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"keep","meaning":"to retain, to maintain, to guard","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"keep","meaning":"to watch, to guard, to seize","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kepan","meaning":"to seize, to hold, to observe","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp, to seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["keeper","keeps","keeping","upkeep","beekeeper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"retain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maintain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preserve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"83328bee-92c7-4eb0-9459-7e90719f7a53","word":"keeper","definition":"A person who has care or charge of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cepan","root_meaning":"to seize, hold, keep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kapjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"keeper","meaning":"A person who has care or charge of something","children":[{"era":"current","word":"keep","meaning":"to retain possession of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cepan","meaning":"to seize, hold, keep","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kapjaną","meaning":"to take, seize, hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["keep","kept","keeping","watch","guardian","custodian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custodian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"caretaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warden","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"0b6cb54f-1bdd-43fb-ba2d-14a8d83efe79","word":"keeping","definition":"The action of retaining or maintaining something in one's possession or control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"keep","root_meaning":"to watch over, to guard, to hold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"keeping","meaning":"the action of retaining or maintaining something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"keep","meaning":"to watch over, guard, hold","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["keep","keeper","upkeep","keepsake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maintaining","formality":"formal"},{"word":"holding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retaining","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"f25dcf00-0b65-44ef-8978-2d8b439198ea","word":"kelly","definition":"A proper name used as a given name or surname, or a bright color between blue and green.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Ceallach","root_meaning":"bright-headed, intelligent","root_language":"Irish Gaelic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kelly","meaning":"proper name or color","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Kelly","meaning":"surname, given name","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"O'Kellie","meaning":"descendant of Ceallach","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Ceallach","meaning":"bright-headed","children":[],"language":"Irish Gaelic"}],"language":"Irish English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Kelley","Kellie","Kelly green","O'Kelly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emerald green","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"b2090fbb-3427-4a44-917c-5bc0e3dfadb5","word":"kelvin","definition":"Kelvin is a unit of thermodynamic temperature named after Lord Kelvin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Kelvin","meaning":"a unit of thermodynamic temperature","children":[{"era":"1866","word":"Lord Kelvin","meaning":"the title taken by William Thomson","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"River Kelvin","meaning":"the Glasgow river after which the title was named","children":[],"language":"Scottish hydronym"}],"language":"British title"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kelvins","Kelvin scale","Kelvin temperature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"temperature unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absolute temperature unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"thermodynamic temperature unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"d91c4b13-cf7d-4892-a143-5e416b12fb7d","word":"ken","definition":"One's range of knowledge or sight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cunnan","root_meaning":"to know, to be able","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gnō-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ken","meaning":"One's range of knowledge or sight.","children":[{"era":"12th-15th century","word":"kennen","meaning":"to know, perceive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cunnan","meaning":"to know, to be able","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kunnaną","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gnō-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["know","cunning","knowledge","can"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"57dac5f7-171c-4d14-a042-81d606754427","word":"keno","definition":"A game of chance similar to bingo, in which numbers are drawn and players try to match them.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"quina","language_family":"latin","root":"quīni","root_meaning":"five each","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"keno","meaning":"a lottery-like game","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"quine","meaning":"five winning numbers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quīni","meaning":"five each","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quintet","quinary","quintuple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lottery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bingo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"numbers game","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"a904a0fb-b0a6-453e-8d3a-40fad0cd6cf8","word":"kentucky","definition":"A state in the United States located in the southeastern region, known for bluegrass, bourbon, and horse racing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Ken-tah-kee","root_meaning":"land of tomorrow or meadowland","root_language":"Iroquoian or Algonquian","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Kentucky","meaning":"U.S. state","children":[{"era":"1776","word":"Kentucky","meaning":"region name","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Ken-tah-kee","meaning":"possibly meadowland or land of tomorrow","children":[],"language":"Iroquoian/Algonquian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Kentuckian","KY"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Bluegrass State","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"KY","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"af77bd5c-80e5-4b34-9e28-8998581d57fc","word":"kept","definition":"Past tense of keep; retained possession of or maintained something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"keep","root_meaning":"to seize, hold, take care of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kept","meaning":"retained, maintained","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"keep","meaning":"to hold, seize, guard","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*kepan","meaning":"to seize, hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["keep","keeper","keeping","keepsake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"retained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"held","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maintained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preserved","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"3afb9ba2-8057-4fde-8eed-f6118af8bb47","word":"kernel","definition":"The softer, usually edible part of a nut, seed, or fruit stone enclosed within a hard shell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cyrnel","root_meaning":"small seed, grain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gr̥h₂nóm","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kernel","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyrnel","meaning":"small seed, grain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"corn","meaning":"grain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corn","grain","granule","grenade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nutmeat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"129b11f7-2883-4388-8d06-24b8421b9893","word":"ketchup","definition":"A spicy sauce, typically made from tomatoes, vinegar, and sugar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"kétchup","language_family":"other","root":"kê-tsiap","root_meaning":"fish sauce","root_language":"Hokkien","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"ketchup","meaning":"Tomato-based condiment.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"kê-tsiap","meaning":"Brine of pickled fish.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"kechap","meaning":"Fermented sauce.","language":"Malay"}],"language":"Hokkien"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["catsup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"catsup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tomato sauce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"9bf9dc77-0ee8-4e9b-9220-53c64ae4db3c","word":"kettle","definition":"A metal pot, typically with a lid and a handle, used for boiling water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cetel","root_meaning":"cauldron","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*katilaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kettle","meaning":"a pot for boiling water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cetel","meaning":"cauldron","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"catillus","meaning":"small bowl, dish","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*katilaz","meaning":"cauldron","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cauldron","catinus","pot","kitchen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boiler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"teapot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"d025e391-7704-4a46-9548-d4d5827c6532","word":"key","definition":"A metal instrument used to open locks, or something essential to understanding or solving.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cæg","root_meaning":"key, solution","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gai-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"key","meaning":"instrument for opening locks or essential element","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cæg","meaning":"key","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*gai-","meaning":"to fit together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["keyhole","keystone","keyboard","keyed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crucial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essential","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.972Z"}
{"id":"61d313dd-b712-4666-ba08-99c834423019","word":"keyboard","definition":"A panel of keys that operate a computer or typewriter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"key","root_meaning":"lever, button","root_language":"old english","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"keyboard","meaning":"panel of keys for input","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"key","meaning":"instrument for opening, lever","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"board","meaning":"plank, flat surface","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["keypad","keyhole","keyboardist","soundboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"keypad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"console","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"36ae9ea8-78c2-40d8-b5d7-b97721e5027b","word":"keyword","definition":"A word or phrase used to identify, search for, or categorize information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"palabra clave","language_family":"germanic","root":"key + word","root_meaning":"word of importance or access","root_language":"English compound","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s-current","word":"keyword","meaning":"Word used for identification or search","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"key","meaning":"instrument to unlock; something of critical importance","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1000","word":"word","meaning":"utterance, speech, term","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["key","keystone","keyword-rich"],"synonyms":[{"word":"search term","formality":"technical"},{"word":"key phrase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tag","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"1caa03dd-8fb0-4abc-aa41-d7372341a4ce","word":"keywords","definition":"Words or phrases that summarize the main content or topic of a text or serve as search terms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"key + word","root_meaning":"crucial words; combining 'key' (main) and 'word'","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"keywords","meaning":"main search or index terms","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"key + word","meaning":"crucial or essential words","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"key","meaning":"device for opening locks","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"word","meaning":"a unit of speech or writing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["key","word","keywords","keywording"],"synonyms":[{"word":"search terms","formality":"technical"},{"word":"index terms","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tags","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"3e7e4b05-cc63-4e01-ba93-1ce549833146","word":"khan","definition":"A title given to a sovereign or military ruler in Turkic and Mongol countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"qaɣan","root_meaning":"supreme ruler","root_language":"Old Turkic","root_era":"600s CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"khan","meaning":"a sovereign or military ruler title","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"khan","meaning":"ruler","children":[{"era":"600s CE","word":"qaɣan","meaning":"supreme ruler","children":[],"language":"Old Turkic/Mongol"}],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["khagan","kagan","beg","emir","sultan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chieftain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emperor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"774659d1-e92d-48d8-8ee8-df7e270e236d","word":"kick","definition":"To strike or propel with the foot.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"keikja","root_meaning":"to bend backwards, to kick","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kick","meaning":"To strike or propel with the foot.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"keikja","meaning":"to bend backwards","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kicker","kicking","boot","punt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"punt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"d539eda2-34ad-418e-ab8f-fb8a633ca6ff","word":"kid","definition":"A young goat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kið","root_meaning":"young goat","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kid","meaning":"young goat; child","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kide","meaning":"young goat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kið","meaning":"young goat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kidney","kidnap","kidding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"child","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youngster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"infant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"f60075c4-640c-445a-af16-d8c43fc74aaa","word":"kiddie","definition":"A young child, used informally or affectionately.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kið","root_meaning":"young goat","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰaid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kiddie","meaning":"young child (affectionate)","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"kid + -ie","meaning":"child (diminutive suffix added)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kid","meaning":"young goat; slang for child by 1500s","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kið","meaning":"young goat","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kiðją","meaning":"young goat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kid","kiddo","kids","kiddish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"youngster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tyke","formality":"informal"},{"word":"child","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"b2dcfb2f-a66f-4b8a-aeba-d7b57ea440ff","word":"kiddo","definition":"An informal term of address for a child or a young person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"kid","root_meaning":"young goat, child","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kiddo","meaning":"Informal term for a child","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"kid","meaning":"young goat, child","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kið","meaning":"young goat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"19th century","word":"-o","meaning":"diminutive/colloquial suffix","children":[],"language":"English (suffix)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kid","kidding","childish","goat","kindergarten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"child","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youngster","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tyke","formality":"informal"},{"word":"urchin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"7ae66079-3174-499e-8437-4cc42660b0b9","word":"kidnap","definition":"To take someone away illegally by force, typically to demand a ransom.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kid + nap","root_meaning":"'kid' (child) + 'nap' (to snatch, steal)","root_language":"English / Low German","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kidnap","meaning":"to abduct a person by force","children":[{"era":"1670s","word":"kid-napper","meaning":"one who steals children for labor in colonies","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kid","meaning":"young goat; slang for child","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"nap","meaning":"to snatch, steal","children":[],"language":"Low German / cant"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kidnapper","kidnapping","abduct","nab","snatch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abduct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"snatch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shanghai","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"e0dffe59-24ac-41fe-a3ce-05c8cd1357e0","word":"kidney","definition":"Either of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of vertebrates, excreting urine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cyd-, cwide-","root_meaning":"unknown, possibly related to 'womb' or 'lump'","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kidney","meaning":"organ for urine excretion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kidenei","meaning":"kidney","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyd-ney","meaning":"kidney (first element uncertain, second -ey related to 'egg' or 'island' by folk etymology)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["renal","nephrology","bladder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renal organ","formality":"technical"},{"word":"filtrating organ","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"af9d7c5d-e0a6-4bd6-a57e-f466f0adcc2c","word":"kids","definition":"Plural of kid; children or young people; young goats.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kyd","root_meaning":"young goat","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kids","meaning":"plural of kid, children or young goats","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kid","meaning":"young goat","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kide","meaning":"young goat","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"kið","meaning":"young goat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English/Scandinavian"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kid","kiddo","kidnapper","kidding","kiddie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"children","formality":"formal"},{"word":"youngsters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youths","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offspring","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"f93b6201-ebe2-416b-9dd4-735a5c70685b","word":"kill","definition":"To cause the death of a person, animal, or other organism.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"matar","language_family":"germanic","root":"cwellan","root_meaning":"to kill","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*kʷel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"kill","meaning":"To deprive of life.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"cwellan","meaning":"To kill.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["killer","overkill","skillful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slay","formality":"formal"},{"word":"eliminate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"18a162ab-1b20-4251-bacf-9c60b4fe6d08","word":"killer","definition":"A person or thing that kills.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cwellan","root_meaning":"to kill","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwelh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"killer","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kill","meaning":"to kill","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cwellan","meaning":"to kill","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kill","killing","killed","killjoy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assassin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murderer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slayer","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"44bbd3a3-55d3-474b-8662-9800b5053792","word":"kilo","definition":"A unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"kilo","language_family":"greek","root":"khilioi","root_meaning":"thousand","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gheslo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kilo","meaning":"A unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"khilioi","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kilometer","kilogram","kilobyte","million"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thousand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grand","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"600260c2-5b30-43ff-ab4d-72991c6c0e41","word":"kilometer","definition":"A unit of length equal to one thousand meters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"kilómetro","language_family":"greek","root":"khilioi, metron","root_meaning":"thousand, measure","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵʰeslo-, *meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kilometer","meaning":"unit of 1000 meters","children":[{"era":"18th C","word":"kilomètre","meaning":"unit of 1000 meters","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kilo-","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Greek (khilioi)"},{"era":"18th C","word":"mètre","meaning":"meter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metrum","meaning":"measure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metron","meaning":"measure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kilogram","kiloliter","metric","meter","geometry","symmetry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"km","formality":"technical"},{"word":"kilometre","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"1cdc7dd2-b5c9-40b7-939b-83172186f83d","word":"kilometre","definition":"A kilometre is a unit of length equal to 1,000 metres.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"kilómetro","language_family":"french","root":"μέτρον (metron)","root_meaning":"measure","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kilometre","meaning":"a unit of length equal to 1,000 metres","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"French kilomètre","meaning":"a metric unit of length equal to 1,000 metres","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"kilo-","meaning":"one thousand","children":[],"language":"French"},{"era":"1790s","word":"mètre","meaning":"measure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μέτρον (metron)","meaning":"measure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kilometer","kilometric","kilogram","metre","metric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kilometer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"1000-metre unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"metric mile","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"ddd5b16c-bce0-470e-a6fb-193539947da7","word":"kimberly","definition":"A female given name of English origin, meaning 'from the royal fortress meadow.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Cyneburg's lēah","root_meaning":"royal fortress meadow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kun- (cyne), *burgs (burg), *lewg- (lea)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Kimberly","meaning":"female name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Cyneburg's lēah","meaning":"Cyneburg's meadow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Cyneburg","meaning":"royal fortress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyne- burg","meaning":"royal fortress","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English personal name"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēah","meaning":"wood, clearing, meadow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English place name"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Cyneburg","borough","lea","meadow","Kingborough"],"synonyms":[{"word":"given name","formality":"technical"},{"word":"first name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moniker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"72f2be72-e9cb-44e2-8a2f-f6257f11cf18","word":"kimono","definition":"A loose Japanese robe with wide sleeves, traditionally worn as formal dress.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Japanese ki- + mono","root_meaning":"thing to wear","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kimono","meaning":"A loose Japanese robe with wide sleeves.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kimono","meaning":"A garment; literally, a thing to wear.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ki-","meaning":"to wear","children":[],"language":"Japanese"},{"era":"classical","word":"mono","meaning":"thing, object","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["robe","gown","garment","yukata","worn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"robe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"21ea4fce-6fa4-4c04-986b-42668b48cb15","word":"kin","definition":"One's family and relations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cynn","root_meaning":"kind, race, family, rank","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵenə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kin","meaning":"family, relations","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cynn","meaning":"kind, race, family","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kunją","meaning":"kin, family","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*ǵenə-","meaning":"to give birth, to beget","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kindred","kith","progeny","generate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relatives","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"family","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"folk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"98ea9238-f7e9-4799-9853-e7f01a583cde","word":"kinase","definition":"An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to a protein or other molecule.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"quinasa","language_family":"greek","root":"κινέω (kineō)","root_meaning":"to move","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keie-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kinase","meaning":"enzyme","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"kinase","meaning":"coined from Greek","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"κινέω (kineō)","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Scientific Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kinetic","kinesis","cytokinesis","phosphorylation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"phosphotransferase","formality":"technical"},{"word":"enzyme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catalyst","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"2d617fcf-686a-4447-9c98-2982e3c00341","word":"kind","definition":"Of a friendly, generous, or considerate nature; a type or category of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gecynde","root_meaning":"natural, innate, related by birth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gena-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kind","meaning":"benevolent, generous; a type or sort","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gecynde","meaning":"natural, innate, of kin","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*gena-","meaning":"to bear, to be born","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kindly","kindness","kindred","unkind","mankind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"benevolent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"generous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compassionate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"type","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"3ba249c9-f6ee-453a-8a4b-0a1ebc5ea14a","word":"kindergarten","definition":"A preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities, and social interaction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Kindergarten","root_meaning":"children's garden","root_language":"German","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kindergarten","meaning":"preschool","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Kindergarten","meaning":"children's garden","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Kinder","meaning":"children","children":[],"language":"German"},{"era":"current","word":"Garten","meaning":"garden","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["child","garden","preschool","playgroup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preschool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nursery school","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pre-K","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"26f003b0-9520-4e5c-8570-5dffe66882c6","word":"kindly","definition":"In a kind or considerate manner; politely.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kind","root_meaning":"natural, native, well-born, appropriate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*genh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kindly","meaning":"in a kind manner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kindely","meaning":"in a natural or kind way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cynde","meaning":"natural, native, proper","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kind","kindness","kindred","kin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"politely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graciously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benevolently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"courteously","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"7b881a28-b513-431e-ba69-c944a8ca8db3","word":"kinds","definition":"Plural of kind; types or categories of things that share common characteristics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kind","root_meaning":"natural disposition, type, or sort","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*genə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kinds","meaning":"plural of kind; types or categories","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kind","meaning":"natural disposition or type","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gecynde","meaning":"nature, kind","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*genə-","meaning":"to produce, give birth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kind","kindred","kindness","kin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"types","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"categories","formality":"formal"},{"word":"varieties","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sorts","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"4ba568ac-d314-4dba-8a91-27004e679322","word":"kinetic","definition":"Relating to or resulting from motion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cinético","language_family":"greek","root":"kinētikos","root_meaning":"putting in motion","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"kinētikós (κινητικός)","meaning":"Putting in motion, moving. From kinein (to move).","children":[{"era":"1864","word":"kinetic","meaning":"Relating to motion.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"cinético","meaning":"Kinetic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["kinematics","cinema","telekinesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dynamic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moving","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b05c98a7-83a5-45c8-9e3b-4a7e25639415","word":"king","definition":"A male monarch or ruler of a kingdom; a person of supreme rank.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cyning","root_meaning":"leader of a family or tribe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kuningaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"king","meaning":"male monarch or supreme ruler","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyning","meaning":"leader, ruler, king","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*kuningaz","meaning":"ruler of a family or tribe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kingdom","kinship","kingly","kingship","kin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monarch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"},{"word":"potentate","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"53137f5d-5596-4350-86ad-d21711974c95","word":"kingdom","definition":"A country ruled by a king or queen, or a domain of activity or knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cyningdom","root_meaning":"rule of a king","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kingdom","meaning":"country ruled by a monarch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kingdam","meaning":"kingdom","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyningdom","meaning":"rule of a king","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyning + -dom","meaning":"king + domain","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["king","queendom","kindom","monarchies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"realm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"monarchy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"domain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"37001983-affa-4264-ac53-6dcde9ccd730","word":"kinky","definition":"Marked by a twist, curl, or unusual sexual preferences.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kink","root_meaning":"twist; curl; peculiarity","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kinky","meaning":"curly, twisted, or sexually unconventional","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"kink","meaning":"a twist or curl in a rope; later, an oddity","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"kink","meaning":"a bend or twist","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kink","kinked","kinkily","kinkiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twisted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unconventional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perverse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"3e3e716c-5033-41e8-b51e-95d191a29c95","word":"kiosk","definition":"A small open-fronted booth used for selling goods or providing information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"quiosco","language_family":"other","root":"kūshk","root_meaning":"pavilion, palace","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"~700 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 AD","word":"kūshk","meaning":"Garden pavilion, palace.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"köşk","meaning":"Pavilion.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"kiosque","meaning":"Ornamental pavilion.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"kiosk","meaning":"Small booth.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"quiosco","meaning":"Kiosk.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Persian"},"related_words":["booth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"booth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stall","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"43eb2402-6e0a-4096-982c-3f2bc3a1bc57","word":"kiss","definition":"To touch with the lips as a sign of love, sexual desire, reverence, or greeting.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cyssan","root_meaning":"to kiss","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kussijan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kiss","meaning":"To touch with the lips","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyssan","meaning":"to kiss","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kussijan","meaning":"to kiss","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["buss","osculate","kissing","kisser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smooch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"peck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"osculate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"dc53cfe3-667c-4061-b769-647ee8a6eab0","word":"kisser","definition":"A person who kisses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kussjan","root_meaning":"to kiss","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kisser","meaning":"a person who kisses","children":[{"era":"current","word":"kiss","meaning":"to touch with the lips","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English cyssan","meaning":"to touch with the lips","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *kussjan","meaning":"to kiss","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kuss-","meaning":"imitative base associated with kissing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kiss","kissed","kissing","kissable","kissee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smoocher","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embracer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"b6dd1372-765c-40bc-9394-fdeb1b1dbc34","word":"kit","definition":"A set of equipment or supplies needed for a specific purpose or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kit","root_meaning":"wooden vessel or container","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kit","meaning":"set of equipment or supplies","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"kit","meaning":"wooden tub or vessel","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"kit","meaning":"container, vessel","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kits","kitbag","first-aid kit","toolkit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"set","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outfit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gear","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"c894672a-2cff-4807-976a-4b0678d37030","word":"kitchen","definition":"A room or area where food is prepared and cooked.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cocina","language_family":"latin","root":"Old English cycene","root_meaning":"cooking place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kitchen","meaning":"room for cooking food","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"kitchen","meaning":"cooking area","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cycene","meaning":"cooking place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"coquina","meaning":"kitchen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kitchenette","kitchenware","cook","cooking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cookery","formality":"formal"},{"word":"galley","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scullery","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"ebdb1604-c424-4327-bd89-481307bda76b","word":"kite","definition":"A light framework covered with paper or cloth, flown in the wind at the end of a long string.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cyta","root_meaning":"kite (bird of prey)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kite","meaning":"flying toy","children":[{"era":"current","word":"kite","meaning":"bird of prey","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cyta","meaning":"kite bird","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hawk","talon","fly","glider","kiting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sailplane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paper plane","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"2613ef59-3065-444a-a1b9-122ae3b87c87","word":"kitten","definition":"A young cat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gatito","language_family":"latin","root":"cattus","root_meaning":"cat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kitten","meaning":"young cat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kitoun","meaning":"young cat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"chiton","meaning":"young cat (diminutive of chat)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"chat","meaning":"cat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cattus","meaning":"cat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cat","kitty","feline","tomcat","puss"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kitty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"young cat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"b8ecb0d9-e38e-4f8e-8d07-66b98dec1ffc","word":"kitty","definition":"An informal term for a cat, or a pool of money collected for a shared purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Kitt","root_meaning":"diminutive of Catherine/kit (young cat)","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kitty","meaning":"cat; pooled fund","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"kit","meaning":"young cat","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"kitten","meaning":"young cat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ketoun","meaning":"little cat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cat","meaning":"cat","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kit","kitten","cat","kittenish","pussy","tomcat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puss","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pool","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"83b6a3f8-be7b-413c-aaad-4db3d60d7c95","word":"knack","definition":"A knack is a natural aptitude or a special skill for doing something well.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knack","meaning":"a special skill or aptitude","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"knack","meaning":"a sharp trick, clever device, or sharp sound","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knacky","knackish","knackery","knacker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aptitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"bd40c766-9238-48c0-9ff6-6692b5fa4cfc","word":"knee","definition":"The joint between the thigh and the lower leg in humans.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"knēo","root_meaning":"knee","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵenu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knee","meaning":"the joint between the thigh and the lower leg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"knēo","meaning":"knee","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*knewą","meaning":"knee","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*ǵenu-","meaning":"knee, angle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kneel","kneecap","genuflect","geniculate","genu"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"articulation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"9e06c1cf-f6b0-4f2e-b4cb-22c83d4c261e","word":"kneel","definition":"To go down on one's knee or knees.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*knēweljaną","root_meaning":"to kneel","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵneu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kneel","meaning":"To go down on one's knee or knees.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cneowlian","meaning":"to kneel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*knēweljaną","meaning":"to kneel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knee","genuflect","genu","genicular","knelt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genuflect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stoop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"c35ff328-ec36-4718-a1ce-0b8398db98b5","word":"knew","definition":"Past tense of know; had knowledge or awareness of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"know","root_meaning":"to have knowledge of, to recognize","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knew","meaning":"past tense of know","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"know","meaning":"to have knowledge, recognize","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnawan","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gno-","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[],"language":"Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["know","knowledge","known","unknown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"understood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recognized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"was aware","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"42fa2ca6-ae4f-4be3-ad69-209d652278e1","word":"knickers","definition":"In British English, knickers are short loose trousers ending at or below the knee, or informal women's underpants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Knickerbocker","root_meaning":"a fictional Dutch surname coined by Washington Irving","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knickers","meaning":"short loose trousers or women's underpants","children":[{"era":"1809","word":"Knickerbocker","meaning":"a fictional Dutch surname coined by Washington Irving","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"knickerbockers","meaning":"baggy knee-length trousers","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knicker","knickerbocker","knickerbockers"],"synonyms":[{"word":"underpants","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panties","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bloomers","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"8a2742bd-7f2f-4c17-ba1b-261f164877be","word":"knife","definition":"An instrument composed of a blade fixed into a handle, used for cutting or as a weapon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"knifr","root_meaning":"knife","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gneibh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knife","meaning":"cutting tool","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"knif","meaning":"knife","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"knifr","meaning":"knife","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gnaw","knave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dagger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"f18c625a-e2c5-450e-956d-bbf41373e570","word":"knight","definition":"A man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cniht","root_meaning":"boy, youth, servant, military follower","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*knegdiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knight","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cniht","meaning":"boy, youth, servant, military follower","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*knegdiz","meaning":"boy, servant","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knighthood","knecht","knave","champion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cavalier","formality":"literary"},{"word":"chevalier","formality":"literary"},{"word":"man-at-arms","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"fbbf659d-cca5-44b8-b0ac-0ffe2d3c9e01","word":"knit","definition":"To make (a garment, fabric, etc.) by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cnyttan","root_meaning":"to tie in a knot, bind","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*knuttijan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knit","meaning":"to interlace yarn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnyttan","meaning":"to tie in a knot, bind","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*knuttijan-","meaning":"to tie, knot","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*knut-","meaning":"knot, lump","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knot","weave","crochet","needle","yarn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interlace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tie","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"14a73637-aac1-4180-a01e-f4f4e3bdcba7","word":"knob","definition":"A knob is a rounded lump or projection, especially one used as a handle or control.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *knubbō","root_meaning":"lump, rounded mass","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knob","meaning":"a rounded lump or projection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle Low German knobbe / Middle Dutch knobbe","meaning":"lump, knob","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English knobbe","meaning":"lump, rounded projection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *knubbō","meaning":"lump, rounded mass","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle Low German / Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knobby","knobbed","knobble","knoblike","knobber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protuberance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"4afa38fc-7504-445e-af35-e4a95782840d","word":"knock","definition":"To strike a surface noisily, especially with the knuckles to gain admittance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cnucian","root_meaning":"to knock","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gnu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knock","meaning":"to strike noisily","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnucian","meaning":"to knock","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*gnu-","meaning":"to scratch, rub, knock","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knuck","knocker","knuckle","knockabout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bang","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"a2ddf38c-fd8f-42d6-916a-cbaa8bed1445","word":"knockout","definition":"A knockout is a blow or result that makes someone unable to continue, especially in boxing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"knock out","root_meaning":"to strike out and render unconscious or unable to continue","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knockout","meaning":"a blow or result that ends a contest by incapacitating someone","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"knock out","meaning":"to strike so as to incapacitate","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"knock","meaning":"to strike sharply; an imitative verb","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"to the outside; away; fully complete","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knock","out","knocked out","knockdown","knockout punch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"K.O.","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stoppage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"one-punch finish","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"fa4ad7da-1091-4057-8947-67610bdabf98","word":"knot","definition":"A fastening made by tying a length of string, rope, or something similar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cnotta","root_meaning":"knot","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gnōd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knot","meaning":"A fastening made by tying a length of string, rope, or something similar.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnotta","meaning":"knot","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knitted","knit","knotty","gnarl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"1284b354-e6ff-4b38-aa6d-0c961931bb69","word":"know","definition":"To be aware of or have understanding of a fact, person, or subject.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cnawan","root_meaning":"to know, recognize","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"know","meaning":"to be aware or understand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnawan","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[{"era":"pre-classical","word":"*gno-","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knowledge","knowing","known","knower","knowledge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"understand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recognize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprehend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"realize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"dcef2da1-fae9-4b56-a841-061518ca7a51","word":"knowledge","definition":"Information, awareness, or understanding acquired through experience or education.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cnawan","root_meaning":"to know","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knowledge","meaning":"understanding, awareness","children":[{"era":"1100-1500","word":"knowledge","meaning":"acknowledgment, understanding","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"cnawan","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnawan","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["know","knowledgeable","acknowledge","cognition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awareness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erudition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expertise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"c3ab1a87-bb44-4764-a270-1003cef0bcd8","word":"known","definition":"Recognized, familiar, or within the range of knowledge.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cnawan","root_meaning":"to know","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"known","meaning":"recognized or familiar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"known","meaning":"past participle of know","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnawan","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*gno-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["know","knowledge","knowledgeable","unknown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"familiar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recognized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acquainted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"understood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.854Z"}
{"id":"c677104a-becd-473f-9001-1643e975ea9c","word":"knuckle","definition":"A knuckle is one of the joints of the fingers, especially where the finger bends.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English cnocel","root_meaning":"knob; knuckle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"Proto-Germanic *knuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"knuckle","meaning":"a finger joint","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"knokel","meaning":"knuckle; knob","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cnocel","meaning":"knuckle; lump; knob","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knob","knock","knockle","knuckle-bone","knuckled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finger joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knob","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"49828b6e-1fd9-4be4-83ce-3b1668d97df7","word":"kong","definition":"In some contexts, an alternative term for a stronghold or fortress (archaic); primarily known from proper nouns like Hong Kong.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"kong","root_meaning":"harbor, port, bay (Chinese)","root_language":"Cantonese/Chinese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kong","meaning":"harbor or fortress in borrowed usage","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Kong","meaning":"element in Hong Kong, Victoria Harbor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"港 (gǎng)","meaning":"harbor, port, bay","children":[],"language":"Cantonese/Chinese"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Hong Kong","harbor","port"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harbor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"port","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bay","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"da8acff4-5d14-4cfc-91f0-545b0baa1649","word":"korea","definition":"A country in East Asia, historically divided into North and South Korea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Corea","language_family":"other","root":"Goryeo","root_meaning":"high and clear, from the Korean kingdom","root_language":"Korean","root_era":"10th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Korea","meaning":"East Asian nation","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Korea","meaning":"Korean peninsula","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Corea","meaning":"Korean kingdom","children":[{"era":"10th century","word":"Goryeo","meaning":"ancient Korean kingdom","children":[],"language":"Korean"}],"language":"Portuguese/European"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Korean","Goryeo","Joseon","Hangul"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Choson","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Corea","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"b06e9108-90c3-4299-955f-b2019d5304e7","word":"korean","definition":"Of or relating to Korea, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Goryeo","root_meaning":"High and beautiful (kingdom name)","root_language":"Sino-Korean","root_era":"918-1392 CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Korean","meaning":"Of or relating to Korea","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"Korea","meaning":"The country","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"Corea","meaning":"Latinized name","children":[{"era":"918-1392 CE","word":"Goryeo","meaning":"Name of a dynasty","children":[],"language":"Sino-Korean"}],"language":"European Latinized form"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Korea","North Korea","South Korea","Korean language","Korean War"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peninsular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eastern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oriental","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"dd11331f-e200-4b0b-89f9-5c6689ed11c4","word":"kraut","definition":"Borrowed from German Kraut (herb, cabbage), used in English as an informal shortening of sauerkraut and as a colloquial, often derogatory, term for a German person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"krūt","root_meaning":"herb, plant, cabbage","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*krūdą","etymology_tree":{"era":"modern","word":"Kraut","meaning":"herb, plant, cabbage","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"kraut","meaning":"sauerkraut; slang for a German person","children":[{"era":"1100s–1350s","word":"krūt","meaning":"herb, plant","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"krūt","meaning":"herb, plant","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*krūdą","meaning":"herb, plant","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Middle High German"}],"language":"English (borrowed from German)"}],"language":"German"},"related_words":["sauerkraut","wort","colewort","herb","cabbage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sauerkraut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Jerry","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Hun","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"4944e470-bb22-406c-a4df-9be4557f3b27","word":"kris","definition":"A distinctive asymmetric dagger from Indonesia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"keris","root_meaning":"dagger","root_language":"Malay","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kris","meaning":"Indonesian dagger","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"keris","meaning":"dagger","children":[],"language":"Malay"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["creese","dagger","sword","blade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dagger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stiletto","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"73a58496-6dc4-4169-a76d-c07ea55708ed","word":"kyle","definition":"A narrow strait, channel, or sound, especially in Scotland, or a given name derived from such a place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"caol","root_meaning":"narrow, strait","root_language":"Scottish Gaelic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"kyle","meaning":"narrow strait, given name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"caol","meaning":"narrow, strait","children":[],"language":"Scottish Gaelic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Kyle","Kylestrome","Kyles of Bute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strait","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sound","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"06b485fd-28b7-49aa-869c-e4736615da5a","word":"lab","definition":"A room or building equipped for scientific research or experimentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"laboratorium","root_meaning":"a place for work","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lab","meaning":"scientific laboratory","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"laboratory","meaning":"place for scientific work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"laboratorium","meaning":"a place for work","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laboratory","labor","laborer","labor-intensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"laboratory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"workspace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facility","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.146Z"}
{"id":"b0b79bc8-b63a-4161-8e43-84e50a50d762","word":"label","definition":"A piece of paper, fabric, or other material affixed to an object with information about it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"etiqueta","language_family":"french","root":"labelle","root_meaning":"small strip or band","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"label","meaning":"identifying tag or sticker","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"label","meaning":"strip, band, ribbon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"labelle","meaning":"small strip, fillet","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["labeled","labeling","unlabeled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tag","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sticker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"marker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"fa9c95df-9efe-45e3-a646-8627c5db26ab","word":"labor","definition":"Hard physical or mental work; effort expended to achieve something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"labor","language_family":"latin","root":"labor","root_meaning":"work, toil, exertion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lab-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"labor","meaning":"work or effort","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"labor","meaning":"work, toil","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"labor","meaning":"work, hardship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"labor","meaning":"work, exertion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laborer","laboring","labored","laborious","elaborate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"effort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exertion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"4f5d4dca-59d5-4453-9898-c45546cf9d99","word":"laboratory","definition":"A room or building equipped with scientific instruments and apparatus for experimentation and testing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"laboratorio","language_family":"latin","root":"laboratorium","root_meaning":"a place for work or labor","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500s","proto_root":"*labh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"laboratory","meaning":"a place for scientific experimentation","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"laboratory","meaning":"a workshop for alchemists","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"laboratorium","meaning":"a place for work or toil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"laborare","meaning":"to work, toil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"labor","meaning":"work, toil, exertion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["labor","laboratory","laborious","collaborate","elaborate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"research facility","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lab","formality":"informal"},{"word":"workshop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"testing facility","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"f93cc502-6b45-4100-a9d5-fe7b3e9bdc7a","word":"labyrinth","definition":"A labyrinth is a maze-like structure or a very complex and confusing system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"laberinto","language_family":"greek","root":"labyrinthos","root_meaning":"labyrinth, maze","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"labyrinth","meaning":"a maze-like structure or a very complex and confusing system","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"labyrinth","meaning":"a maze, a complicated place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"labyrinthus","meaning":"labyrinth, maze","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"labyrinthos","meaning":"labyrinth, maze","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["labyrinthine","labyrinthitis","labyrinthian","labyrinthe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warren","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intricacy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"c11aec7b-e3fd-42f5-8dbb-951dadf2f7ed","word":"lace","definition":"A cord or string used to draw together two edges or fasten something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lazo","language_family":"french","root":"laqueus","root_meaning":"noose, snare, bond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lace","meaning":"A cord or string used to draw together two edges or fasten something.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"laz","meaning":"noose, snare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"laqueus","meaning":"noose, snare","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*plek-","meaning":"to plait, to weave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["latch","lasso","lacerate","pleat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"string","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastener","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"169447a5-c678-4700-84ee-7b0cf9a2b99f","word":"lack","definition":"The absence or deficiency of something needed or wanted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lak","root_meaning":"deficiency, want","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lack","meaning":"absence of something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lacken","meaning":"to be deficient","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lak","meaning":"deficiency","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lacking","lackadaisical","lackluster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shortage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"want","formality":"literary"},{"word":"deficit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"f96befc1-e05a-4be9-bf32-fbec4f6128e9","word":"ladder","definition":"A structure consisting of a series of bars or steps between two upright lengths, used for climbing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlædder","root_meaning":"ladder","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁laddram","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ladder","meaning":"climbing structure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlædder","meaning":"ladder","children":[{"era":"pre-500s","word":"*h₁laddram","meaning":"ladder","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["climb","load","laden","stair"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steps","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stairway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stepladder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"ee9d7fcc-8687-44a0-99a6-99e41386337d","word":"lade","definition":"Load (a ship or other vessel); put a load on or in.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hladan","root_meaning":"to load, heap up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kl̥h₂deh₂","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lade","meaning":"To load a vessel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hladan","meaning":"to load, heap up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hladaną","meaning":"to load","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kl̥h₂deh₂","meaning":"to load","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["load","laden","lading","loader"],"synonyms":[{"word":"load","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burden","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"e19e14c2-479a-401f-9c91-89c07487279f","word":"ladies","definition":"Plural of lady; women, especially those of social rank or refinement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlaf-dige","root_meaning":"loaf-kneader, mistress of household","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ladies","meaning":"plural of lady","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lady","meaning":"mistress of household","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlaf-dige","meaning":"loaf-kneader","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lady","ladylike","ladyship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"women","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"females","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gentlewomen","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"4386df8e-c02d-4ded-9d66-1d6afdb3b305","word":"lady","definition":"A woman, especially one of high social status or refined manners.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlāfdige","root_meaning":"mistress of the household","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hlāif-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lady","meaning":"a woman of refinement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lady","meaning":"mistress of a household","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hlāfdige","meaning":"loaf-maker, mistress","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hlāif","meaning":"loaf, bread","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"800s","word":"dīge","meaning":"maidservant","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lady-like","ladyship","landlady","ladie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dame","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gentlewoman","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"ea30792a-428e-492c-8ae4-9ba8d72c3fdf","word":"ladyship","definition":"Ladyship is the title or status of a lady, especially in British nobility or formal address.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlǣfdīġe","root_meaning":"lady, mistress of a household","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ladyship","meaning":"the status or title of a lady","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lady","meaning":"lady, mistress of a household","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlǣfdīġe","meaning":"lady, mistress of a household","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ship","meaning":"state, condition, rank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-sċip","meaning":"state, condition, rank","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lady","lordship","friendship","worship","kingship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nobility","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"0b031e7c-8cbf-4bb2-84e4-cfd1828800b3","word":"lagoon","definition":"A shallow body of water, especially one separated from the sea by a sandbar, reef, or barrier island.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"laguna","language_family":"latin","root":"lacuna","root_meaning":"pit, pool, hole","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*laku-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lagoon","meaning":"shallow coastal water body","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"laguna","meaning":"pool, lake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lacuna","meaning":"pit, hole, pool","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lacus","meaning":"lake, basin","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*laku-","meaning":"body of standing water","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian/Venetian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lacuna","lake","lacustrine","laguna","loch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sound","formality":"technical"},{"word":"estuary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"5189b85a-855e-4ca2-95d4-2c96062b61bc","word":"lair","definition":"A lair is an animal's resting or hiding place, especially a den or hideout.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"leger","root_meaning":"bed; lying place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ley-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lair","meaning":"den; hideout","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lair / leir","meaning":"bed, couch; later a den","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leger","meaning":"bed; couch; lying place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*legerą","meaning":"bed; lying place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ley-","meaning":"to lie down","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lie","lay","lain","lying","lairage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"den","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hideout","formality":"informal"},{"word":"burrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retreat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"bc6a2bee-bd85-4240-8a5c-8ac724d3b327","word":"lake","definition":"a large body of fresh or salt water surrounded by land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lago","language_family":"latin","root":"lacus","root_meaning":"pond, lake","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lake","meaning":"body of water surrounded by land","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lake","meaning":"lake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lacus","meaning":"pond, lake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lacustrine","lakeshore","lakeside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"water body","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mere","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"287d59d1-4e4c-477b-b4aa-49c619ad5614","word":"lakh","definition":"A unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"lakṣa","root_meaning":"target, stake, hundred thousand","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lakh","meaning":"A unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"lakh","meaning":"hundred thousand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lakṣa","meaning":"target, mark, hundred thousand","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Hindi"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crore","rupee","count"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hundred thousand","formality":"technical"},{"word":"100,000","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"eda81557-c4ab-4909-b43b-a4260bc1c701","word":"lam","definition":"To hit hard or beat.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"lemja","root_meaning":"to beat, thrash","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lam","meaning":"to hit hard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lemja","meaning":"to beat, thrash","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lambaste","lame"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wallop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"thrash","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"2c26c61c-a5b4-43b8-8212-f627867ed8ea","word":"lama","definition":"A Tibetan Buddhist religious teacher or monk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"bla ma","root_meaning":"superior one; teacher","root_language":"Tibetan","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lama","meaning":"a Tibetan Buddhist religious teacher or monk","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"bla ma","meaning":"lama; teacher, superior one","children":[],"language":"Tibetan"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lamaist","lamaic","lamaism","lamaserai"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guru","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"teacher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"f9cc05bc-0c26-4fcd-a78c-822692ba0280","word":"lamb","definition":"A young sheep.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lamb","root_meaning":"lamb","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lambaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lamb","meaning":"A young sheep.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lamb","meaning":"lamb","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lambaz","meaning":"lamb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lambkin","lambswool","ewe","mutton"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lambkin","formality":"literary"},{"word":"young sheep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ewe-lamb","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"378d3516-6afa-4863-9ef7-10cf5ab263ba","word":"lambda","definition":"The eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Λ","root_meaning":"The eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet.","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lambda","meaning":"The eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet.","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"λάμβδα","meaning":"eleventh letter","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gamma","delta","alpha"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Greek letter","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"79c7f82c-a68d-47d5-9487-e25a14043d1d","word":"lame","definition":"(of a person or animal) unable to walk normally because of an injury or illness affecting the leg or foot.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lama","root_meaning":"crippled, paralyzed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lama-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lame","meaning":"unable to walk normally","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lama","meaning":"crippled","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lama-","meaning":"crippled","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lameness","limp","halt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hobbling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crippled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impaired","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"44a0379e-fcb2-45b0-a127-b24398a2a2cf","word":"lamp","definition":"A device for giving light, either one consisting of an electric bulb in a fixture or one using oil or gas as fuel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lámpara","language_family":"greek","root":"lampas","root_meaning":"Torch, light","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leh₂p-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lamp","meaning":"A device for giving light","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"lampe","meaning":"lamp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lampas","meaning":"torch, lamp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lampas","meaning":"torch, light","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*leh₂p-","meaning":"to gleam, shine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","luminous","incandescent","flash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"light","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lantern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fixture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"22a9720d-569f-4123-9faa-eb66cf90fd13","word":"lance","definition":"A long weapon with a wooden shaft and a pointed metal head, traditionally used by cavalry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lanza","language_family":"french","root":"launce","root_meaning":"lance, spear","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lance","meaning":"cavalry weapon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"launce","meaning":"lance, spear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lancea","meaning":"light spear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lancet","lancer","launch","spear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"javelin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"70beab75-9c94-483c-8ff1-38d175f1e537","word":"land","definition":"An area of ground or territory; the solid part of the earth's surface as distinct from sea or air.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lant","root_meaning":"land, heath","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"land","meaning":"solid ground, territory","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land, territory, heath","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"lant","meaning":"land","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*lendh-","meaning":"land, open space","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["landed","landing","landlord","landscape","landmine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"territory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"country","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"90484a81-c311-4aab-a780-7e88a1d7fb81","word":"landlady","definition":"A female landlord.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"landlady","meaning":"a female landlord","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"ground; territory","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lady","meaning":"mistress; woman of rank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlǣfdige","meaning":"loaf-kneader; lady","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["landlord","landladies","landowner","lady"],"synonyms":[{"word":"female landlord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proprietress","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hostess","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"e649a63c-696a-49b8-82f0-fda8a53be037","word":"landlord","definition":"A person, especially a man, who rents land, a building, or an apartment to a tenant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"land + lord","root_meaning":"master of the land","root_language":"Old English + Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"landlord","meaning":"owner who rents property","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"landlord","meaning":"master of the land","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lord","meaning":"master (from hlafweard 'loaf-guardian')","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["landlady","tenant","leaseholder","property owner","landowner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"owner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lessor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"proprietor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"d805cb19-08db-42c7-a1da-bdec9939c668","word":"landmark","definition":"A prominent or easily recognizable feature of a landscape used as a point of reference, or an event marking a significant turning point.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"landmearc","root_meaning":"boundary marker of a territory","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"landmark","meaning":"prominent feature; significant milestone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"landmearc","meaning":"boundary mark of land","children":[{"era":"pre-700","word":"land + mearc","meaning":"open land + boundary, border mark","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*lendʰ- + *merg-","meaning":"open land + boundary, border","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["land","mark","hallmark","benchmark","waymark","earmark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"milestone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beacon","formality":"literary"},{"word":"marker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"b28bd923-57a7-453f-8b06-e88a8230e990","word":"landscape","definition":"All the visible features of an area of land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"landschap","root_meaning":"tract of land, region","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*landą + *skapą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"landscape","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"landschap","meaning":"tract of land, region","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"schap","meaning":"shape, form, condition","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["land","seascape","cityscape","escapism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scenery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vista","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panorama","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"3d9af741-3e66-4bd1-baf2-1db81582d9da","word":"lane","definition":"A narrow road, path, or track.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lanu","root_meaning":"narrow way","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lane","meaning":"A narrow road, path, or track.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lanu","meaning":"narrow way, strip of land","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lonely","alley","path"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alley","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"way","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"3c8a3b15-d96f-4f07-934c-795888ebea65","word":"language","definition":"A system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar used by a community.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lenguaje","language_family":"latin","root":"lingua","root_meaning":"tongue, speech","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dnghu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"language","meaning":"system of communication","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"langage","meaning":"speech, tongue","children":[{"era":"800-1200","word":"langage","meaning":"language, speech","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lingua","meaning":"tongue, language","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lingual","linguistic","linguist","bilingual","multilingual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tongue","formality":"literary"},{"word":"speech","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialect","formality":"technical"},{"word":"vernacular","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ff4ca4b7-3a10-46cd-ace7-8a8a8ededd27","word":"languages","definition":"Systems of communication consisting of words, sounds, and grammar used by people or groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lenguaje","language_family":"latin","root":"lingua","root_meaning":"tongue, language","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"languages","meaning":"systems of human communication","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"language","meaning":"speech, manner of speaking","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"langage","meaning":"speech, tongue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lingua","meaning":"tongue, language","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["language","lingual","linguist","bilingual","linguistics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tongues","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dialects","formality":"technical"},{"word":"speech","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.972Z"}
{"id":"7a449193-62c4-4dc4-918f-b0d7100d835c","word":"lantern","definition":"A lamp with a transparent case protecting the flame or bulb, and typically having a handle and often a hook for hanging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"linterna","language_family":"latin","root":"lanterna","root_meaning":"lamp","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lantern","meaning":"A lamp with a transparent case","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"lanterne","meaning":"lantern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lanterna","meaning":"lamp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr)","meaning":"torch, lamp","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lamp","luminous","illuminate","light"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lamp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"light","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"torch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beacon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"fd565f59-68a5-4ebb-95c2-18937468008d","word":"lao","definition":"A member of a people inhabiting Laos and Thailand, or their Tai language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lao","language_family":"other","root":"Lao","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"Lao","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lao","meaning":"A member of a people inhabiting Laos and Thailand, or their Tai language.","children":[{"era":null,"word":"Lāu","meaning":"name of the people/language","children":[],"language":"Lao"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Laos","Laotian","Tai"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Laotian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ethnic Lao","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"64ff0f10-3ad7-4a08-8be3-256ee6b1fe49","word":"lap","definition":"To drink by scooping with the tongue, as an animal.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lapian","root_meaning":"to lick, to drink","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lap","meaning":"To drink by scooping with the tongue","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lapian","meaning":"to lick, to drink","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lick","lapping","lapper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slurp","formality":"informal"},{"word":"drink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sup","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"c55171f2-2956-4186-ba74-70ffdb025e4b","word":"laptop","definition":"A portable personal computer designed to fit on a user's lap.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lap + top","root_meaning":"upper part of thighs when seated","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"laptop","meaning":"portable computer","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"lap + top","meaning":"fits on lap surface","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lap","meaning":"upper thighs when sitting","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lap","top","computer","portable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notebook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portable computer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mobile computer","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"1c0b7a03-57a8-4935-a737-91760d2ddedf","word":"large","definition":"Of considerable or relatively great size, extent, or capacity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"largo","language_family":"french","root":"largus","root_meaning":"liberal, copious, wide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"large","meaning":"of considerable size","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"large","meaning":"wide, broad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"largus","meaning":"liberal, copious, wide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["largely","enlarge","largeness","largesse","largo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"big","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sizeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vast","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expansive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"dfb5ed21-b325-489a-b037-6a1db41c605a","word":"largely","definition":"To a great extent; mostly or mainly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"large","root_meaning":"great, wide, generous","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*legʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"largely","meaning":"mostly, mainly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"large","meaning":"great, wide","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"large","meaning":"great, wide, generous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"largus","meaning":"ample, generous","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["large","largess","largen","enlarge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mostly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"predominantly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"d21b99b9-bc64-4f97-88c6-a6e6b481c2e1","word":"larger","definition":"Comparative form of large; of greater size or extent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"largo","language_family":"french","root":"Old French large","root_meaning":"wide, broad","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*legro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"larger","meaning":"comparative of large","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"large","meaning":"wide, broad, of great size","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"large","meaning":"wide, broad","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["large","largely","enlarge","largeness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bigger","formality":"informal"},{"word":"greater","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vaster","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"5df167b1-5c05-4872-a42d-8051e522ad4a","word":"largest","definition":"Of the greatest size, extent, or importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old Norse large","root_meaning":"large, generous","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"largest","meaning":"of greatest size or extent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"large","meaning":"spacious, big, generous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"large","meaning":"broad, wide, generous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"largus","meaning":"abundant, liberal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["large","largely","enlarge","enlargement","larger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biggest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greatest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immense","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substantial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"76947a66-0e2f-41d3-a677-94991e7b008f","word":"lark","definition":"A lark is a small singing bird known for its upward flight and song.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*laiwazikō","root_meaning":"lark","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lark","meaning":"a small singing bird","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"larke","meaning":"lark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lāwerce","meaning":"lark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*laiwazikō","meaning":"lark","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laverock","skylark","larkspur","larky","songbird"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skylark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"laverock","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"songbird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"4650bc34-1835-4ef9-99fd-e7e47b55f934","word":"las","definition":"Plural of 'la', the sixth note of the musical scale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"la","root_meaning":"musical note","root_language":"Italian/Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"las","meaning":"plural of musical note la","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"la","meaning":"sixth musical note","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"la","meaning":"sixth note of solfège scale","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["la","do","re","mi","fa","sol"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"ce8ee0f3-10a1-4268-b3e3-cb13eb23a209","word":"laser","definition":"A device that emits coherent light through stimulated emission of radiation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"láser","language_family":"greek","root":"akis","root_meaning":"ray, point","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"laser","meaning":"Light amplification device","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"LASER","meaning":"Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"amplification","meaning":"enlargement, increase","children":[],"language":"Latin-derived English"}],"language":"English acronym"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lasers","laser-guided","laserlight","laserbeam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"light beam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coherent light","formality":"technical"},{"word":"light amplifier","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"490eca2e-b079-4702-9ce2-a444350ba360","word":"lash","definition":"A lash is the flexible thong of a whip or a blow delivered with it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*laskô","root_meaning":"flap, strap","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lash","meaning":"the flexible thong of a whip or a blow delivered with it","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lashe","meaning":"a stroke; whip-thong","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*laskô","meaning":"flap of fabric; strap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["backlash","whiplash","lashless","lashline","lashy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scourge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"80893420-af35-4dc4-b287-6fa4df1c0814","word":"lassie","definition":"A lassie is a Scottish or informal word for a girl or young woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lassie","meaning":"girl or young woman","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lass","meaning":"girl, young woman","children":[],"language":"Scots / English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ie","meaning":"diminutive or affectionate suffix","children":[],"language":"Scots diminutive suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lass","lassie","lassock","lassitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"girl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maiden","formality":"literary"},{"word":"young woman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"c65fcd3a-75af-4af8-beaa-c0095325af54","word":"last","definition":"Coming at the end or final in a sequence; to continue for a duration.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English læst","root_meaning":"latest, slowest, last","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*las-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"last","meaning":"final, enduring","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læst","meaning":"least, last, latest","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*las-","meaning":"loose, slack","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lasting","lastly","outlast","lasten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"final","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ultimate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"f51bcd41-8b9a-43e6-b7e0-c10e7c7eee4c","word":"latch","definition":"A fastening device that secures a door, gate, or lid by catching on a keep or strike.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English læccan","root_meaning":"to seize, catch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"latch","meaning":"a door fastener","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lache / lacche","meaning":"to catch, seize; later a fastening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læccan","meaning":"to seize, catch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["latchkey","latched","latching","unlatch","catch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"catch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastener","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"dbc540d6-bb17-4ae3-b6bd-cee1fa649b78","word":"late","definition":"Occurring or arriving after the expected or planned time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"læt","root_meaning":"slow, tardy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*let-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"late","meaning":"occurring after expected time","children":[{"era":"1100-1500","word":"late","meaning":"slow, tardy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læt","meaning":"slow, sluggish","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*let-","meaning":"to hinder, slow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["later","latest","lateness","lately"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tardy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delayed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overdue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"99a5ccce-8ad6-4ff5-93cc-db6c7725f799","word":"lately","definition":"Recently; in the recent past.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"læte","root_meaning":"late","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lēta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lately","meaning":"Recently; in the recent past.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"late","meaning":"late","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læt","meaning":"slow, tardy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["late","later","latest","delay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"of late","formality":"literary"},{"word":"newly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"82e2f47e-df2b-4b5b-91c0-0cf2a291ccf7","word":"later","definition":"at a time in the future or after the time referenced.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"late","root_meaning":"slow, tardy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"later","meaning":"at a future time","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"later","meaning":"more late","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"late","meaning":"slow, tardy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["late","lately","lateral","latest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"afterward","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subsequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"then","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"59e2aa54-afba-4b2b-96a3-67646cbfa263","word":"latest","definition":"The most recent or up-to-date example of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"late","root_meaning":"coming after the usual or expected time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*let-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"latest","meaning":"most recent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"late","meaning":"coming after expected time","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*let-","meaning":"to let, allow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["late","later","lately","lateness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"newest","formality":"informal"},{"word":"most recent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"current","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"up-to-date","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"6b63474a-25ee-4e4d-84a3-b15b8f665b88","word":"latex","definition":"A milky fluid exuded by certain plants, such as the rubber tree, or a synthetic product resembling it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"látex","language_family":"latin","root":"latex","root_meaning":"liquid, fluid","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"latex","meaning":"A milky fluid exuded by certain plants, or a synthetic product resembling it.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"latex","meaning":"liquid, fluid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lactate","lacteal","lactic","lactescent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emulsion","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rubber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"b79c2416-d0d9-42d7-a3bf-3272aafbf514","word":"latin","definition":"The language of ancient Rome and the Roman Empire, or relating to it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"latín","language_family":"latin","root":"Latium","root_meaning":"region in Italy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"latin","meaning":"language of ancient Rome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin","meaning":"of or relating to Latium","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latium","meaning":"region in central Italy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Latino","Latinate","Latinity","Latinize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Roman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Romance","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"8735db43-8277-403a-9428-da0b963079d0","word":"latina","definition":"A woman or girl of Latin American origin or descent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"latina","language_family":"latin","root":"Latinus","root_meaning":"of Latium, Latin","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Latina","meaning":"A woman or girl of Latin American origin or descent.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Latina","meaning":"Latin (feminine)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latinus","meaning":"of Latium, Latin","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Latin","Latino","Latium","romance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hispanic woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Chicana","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"430da8c6-253c-4043-a8c4-fe20385c0ebf","word":"latino","definition":"A person of Latin American origin or descent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Latino","language_family":"latin","root":"Latinus","root_meaning":"Of Latium","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"latino","meaning":"A person of Latin American origin or descent","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Latino","meaning":"Latin American","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"latinus","meaning":"of Latium","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Latin","Latina","Latium","romance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hispanic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Latin American","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Tejano","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"bf0e8248-f13a-408e-8074-c21b96266423","word":"latitude","definition":"The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, or a similar measurement on other celestial bodies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"latitud","language_family":"latin","root":"latitudo","root_meaning":"breadth, width, extent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleth₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"latitude","meaning":"The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, or a similar measurement on other celestial bodies.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"latitude","meaning":"width, breadth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"latitudo","meaning":"breadth, width","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"latus","meaning":"broad, wide","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*pleth₂-","meaning":"broad, flat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lateral","dilated","superlative","oblate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freedom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"9062e8dc-8350-49c1-949c-e0690eb1feda","word":"latter","definition":"Referring to the second of two things or people just mentioned.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lætra","root_meaning":"slower, later","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lēta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"latter","meaning":"second of two","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lætra","meaning":"slower, later (comparative of læt 'late')","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["late","latest","last","later","latency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"second","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subsequent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"following","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"6e898ac2-fb69-4c07-91cd-855c540a5fec","word":"laugh","definition":"To make the spontaneous sounds and movements of the face and body that express mirth or amusement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hliehhan","root_meaning":"to laugh","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klakjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"laugh","meaning":"to make sounds of mirth","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"laughen","meaning":"to laugh","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hliehhan","meaning":"to laugh","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hlahjaną","meaning":"to laugh","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*klakjaną","meaning":"to make a noise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laughter","laughable","guffaw","giggle","chortle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chuckle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"giggle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cackle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"7c43b66f-3b85-4813-84db-f92c88f5c822","word":"laughter","definition":"The action or sound of laughing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hleahtor","root_meaning":"laughter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"laughter","meaning":"The action or sound of laughing.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hleahtor","meaning":"laughter","children":[{"era":"pre-600","word":"*hlahjaną","meaning":"to laugh","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laugh","laughable","mirth","chuckle","giggle","hilarious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mirth","formality":"literary"},{"word":"giggle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chuckle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hilarity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"31a1eb06-a4e3-4c42-b851-beaef2da9106","word":"launch","definition":"To propel or send off with force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"lanzar","language_family":"french","root":"lancer","root_meaning":"to throw, hurl","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"launch","meaning":"to propel","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"launche","meaning":"to throw","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"lancer","meaning":"to throw, hurl","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*lanceare","meaning":"to wield a lance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lancea","meaning":"light spear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lance","lunge","lancer","launchpad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"propel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"project","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"088a5119-7c87-4b58-8bed-19e0f5031b72","word":"launder","definition":"To wash and finish clothing or other textiles.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"lavar","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin lavare","root_meaning":"to wash","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"launder","meaning":"to wash clothing or textiles","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"laundren","meaning":"to wash or clean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lavare","meaning":"to wash","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laundry","laundress","launderer","laundering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleanse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rinse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"447dcbf0-7692-49ad-b4e5-18e00a81c477","word":"laurel","definition":"Any of a number of shrubs and trees with aromatic leaves, especially Laurus nobilis.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"laurel","language_family":"latin","root":"laurus","root_meaning":"laurel tree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"laurel","meaning":"An evergreen shrub or tree.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"laurier","meaning":"laurel tree","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["laureate","baccalaureate","laural"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bay tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wreath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"e9ab5d71-255f-4a4a-9003-06d5aa9e946b","word":"lava","definition":"Molten rock that issues from a volcano.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lava","language_family":"latin","root":"labes","root_meaning":"a fall, a falling, a landslide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sleh₂g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lava","meaning":"molten rock from a volcano","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"lava","meaning":"stream of molten material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"labes","meaning":"a fall, a slipping, landslide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lavatory","deluge","dilute","ablution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magma","formality":"technical"},{"word":"molten rock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effluvium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"08e31d86-11a3-4e93-a87a-b7014a44fe2f","word":"lavender","definition":"Lavender is a fragrant mint-family plant with purple flowers, and by extension its pale purple color.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lavanda","language_family":"latin","root":"lavare","root_meaning":"to wash","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lavender","meaning":"a fragrant purple-flowered plant and its pale purple color","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lavandre","meaning":"lavender plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lavendula","meaning":"lavender","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lavare","meaning":"to wash","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lavendered","lavandula","lavation","lave","launder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lavandin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"purple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mauve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"4af9d5f0-b0e9-4482-b3d5-5449fd171ab7","word":"law","definition":"A rule or system of rules enforced by authority or custom.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"log","root_meaning":"law, something laid down","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"law","meaning":"a rule or system of rules enforced by authority","children":[{"era":"800s-1100","word":"lagu","meaning":"law, something laid down","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to lie, lay","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lawyer","lawful","lawsuit","lawless","bylaws"],"synonyms":[{"word":"statute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regulation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinance","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:43:37.285Z"}
{"id":"9b2964b9-6286-4fce-9fd8-0980de918340","word":"lawful","definition":"An adjective meaning permitted by or conforming to law.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lagu","root_meaning":"law; ordinance","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lawful","meaning":"Permitted by or conforming to law.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"laweful","meaning":"Lawful; according to law.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"law","meaning":"Law; ordinance.","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"Full of; having the quality of.","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"leful / leveful","meaning":"Permitted by law; lawful.","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["law","lawfully","lawfulness","unlawful","lawless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"licit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legitimate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authorized","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"ab204355-a5f8-4dbe-8310-a129a58a02dc","word":"laws","definition":"Rules or regulations established by authority that are binding on members of a community.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English lagu","root_meaning":"something laid down or fixed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"laws","meaning":"established rules or regulations","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"law","meaning":"a rule or regulation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lagu","meaning":"something laid down, fixed rule","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lawful","lawyer","lawsuit","unlawful","lawless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rules","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regulations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"statutes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ordinances","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"a268b964-d71b-4518-8a1b-d48b14d8de7b","word":"lawyer","definition":"A qualified professional who provides legal advice and represents clients in legal matters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"letrado","language_family":"latin","root":"lex","root_meaning":"law","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lawyer","meaning":"legal professional","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lawyer","meaning":"one who practices law","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lawe","meaning":"law","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"lagu","meaning":"law, layer","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["law","legal","legality","attorney","counsel","solicitor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attorney","formality":"formal"},{"word":"solicitor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"counsel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"advocate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"b209cd1d-8566-4a0d-a53e-cc2a90e1bfc7","word":"lawyers","definition":"Professionals qualified to advise and represent clients in legal matters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"letrados","language_family":"french","root":"loi","root_meaning":"law","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lawyers","meaning":"legal professionals","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"lawyer","meaning":"legal adviser","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"loi","meaning":"law","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lawyer","law","legal","legislation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attorneys","formality":"formal"},{"word":"solicitors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"counsel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"e9405267-6264-475a-9ca4-505947a0c3ee","word":"lay","definition":"To put something down gently or carefully.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lecgan","root_meaning":"to put, place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lagjanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lay","meaning":"To put something down gently or carefully","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"leien","meaning":"to place, put","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lecgan","meaning":"to lay, place","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*lagjanan","meaning":"to lay, put","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lie","layer","lair","ledger","inlay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"put","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"set","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"4bddd147-2b53-4563-8922-05614979bbea","word":"layer","definition":"A sheet, thickness, or level of material laid one above another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lay","root_meaning":"to place or cause to lie down","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*legh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"layer","meaning":"a sheet of material","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"layer","meaning":"one who lays, or a stratum","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lay","meaning":"to place or recline","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lay","laying","layered","layout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stratum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sheet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"cf67467c-9ee2-484d-831e-e215ded2d5d0","word":"layout","definition":"The way in which something is arranged or laid out.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lay","root_meaning":"to put, place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*legʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"layout","meaning":"The way in which something is arranged or laid out.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"lay out","meaning":"to spread out, arrange","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lay","meaning":"to place, put","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"away from the inside","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lay","outlay","layer","liedown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"configuration","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"5ed713f3-8183-4736-82cd-930da1ca5693","word":"lazy","definition":"Unwilling to work or use energy; indolent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lase","root_meaning":"weak, faint, tired","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lazy","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lase","meaning":"weak, faint, tired","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lazen","meaning":"to be feeble","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lassitude","lass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indolent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"idle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sluggish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shiftless","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"9c1dec64-9abb-40fc-833f-54251db0f9c2","word":"lcd","definition":"Abbreviation for liquid crystal display; electronic visual output device using liquid crystals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"liquidus","root_meaning":"flowing or liquid","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1970s","word":"LCD","meaning":"liquid crystal display","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"liquid crystal display","meaning":"electronic display technology","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"liquid","meaning":"flowing substance","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["display","liquid","crystal","monitor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"screen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"37cc2c85-f8d8-4ff6-8694-c47f4ddcdb42","word":"lea","definition":"A lea is a meadow or grassy clearing, especially one in or near woodland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *lauhaz","root_meaning":"clearing; open place","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lea","meaning":"a meadow or grassy clearing","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English leie/lei","meaning":"meadow; open grassy ground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English leah","meaning":"open field; meadow; clearing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *lauhaz","meaning":"clearing; open place","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"Proto-Indo-European *leuk-","meaning":"to shine; be bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Lee","Leigh","ley","Ashley","Stanley","Kimberley"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meadow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glade","formality":"literary"},{"word":"pasture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"a2cf1a34-4c2c-4ee4-9224-592d92470c34","word":"lead","definition":"To guide or direct; also a metal element.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *laidiz","root_meaning":"to go or travel","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leith-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lead","meaning":"to guide or direct","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"laedan","meaning":"to guide, carry","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"laidiz","meaning":"to go, travel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leader","leading","mislead","conduct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"head","formality":"informal"},{"word":"conduct","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"093d9b60-9a6c-4489-87f4-151deb5d770c","word":"leader","definition":"A person who guides or directs others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"laeden","root_meaning":"to lead, carry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leader","meaning":"one who leads or guides","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"leader","meaning":"one who leads","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leaden","meaning":"to lead, guide","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*leud-","meaning":"to lead, go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lead","leading","leader","leadership","mislead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"0078f242-ca57-4317-a9cb-4dbaaaaf3d9b","word":"leaders","definition":"Individuals who guide, direct, or have authority over a group or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"laedan","root_meaning":"to guide, lead","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leith-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leaders","meaning":"those who lead","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"leader","meaning":"one who leads","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"laedan","meaning":"to guide, lead","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lead","leading","leader","leadership"],"synonyms":[{"word":"directors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chiefs","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heads","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commanders","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"d8ae14d8-7602-4ba9-a26f-732ba880ee65","word":"leadership","definition":"The action or influence of guiding or directing people or an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"laedan","root_meaning":"to lead","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leadership","meaning":"action of guiding or directing people","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"leader","meaning":"one who leads","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"lead","meaning":"to guide, conduct","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*leud-","meaning":"people, folk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leader","leading","lead","leadership"],"synonyms":[{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"management","formality":"formal"},{"word":"command","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"5a9b8d3a-0c61-4bda-8382-d9f834708580","word":"leading","definition":"Going in front or being in a position of authority or influence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English lædan","root_meaning":"to lead, guide","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leith-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leading","meaning":"going first, principal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lead","meaning":"to guide, conduct","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*leith-","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lead","leader","leadership","misleading"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"foremost","formality":"formal"},{"word":"primary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"2648584d-d41c-414b-adb5-bbf565d0bba5","word":"leads","definition":"Plural of lead; goes in front or directs others, or a metal element with atomic number 82.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"laed","root_meaning":"to go, to conduct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*laidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leads","meaning":"goes in front, conducts, or plural of lead metal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lead","meaning":"to guide, to conduct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"laed","meaning":"to go, to conduct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"laidh","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lead","leader","leading","leadership","mislead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"directs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guides","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heads","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fronts","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"553fcd1d-ff55-4673-a64d-a2370c693599","word":"leaf","definition":"A flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a plant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lēaf","root_meaning":"leaf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leaf","meaning":"A flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a plant.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēaf","meaning":"leaf","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*laubą","meaning":"leaf","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*leup-","meaning":"to peel, break off","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foliage","lobe","loof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frond","formality":"technical"},{"word":"greenery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"0ee34071-bea7-474a-af6c-0a6051168da9","word":"league","definition":"An association of teams, organizations, or people united for a common purpose or competition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"liga","language_family":"french","root":"liga","root_meaning":"binding, alliance","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"league","meaning":"association or alliance","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"league","meaning":"bond of alliance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ligue","meaning":"alliance, bond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ligare","meaning":"to bind, to tie","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leagues","leagued","confederate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"association","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alliance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"confederation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"c452398a-47a1-4cec-851b-fe5baea52571","word":"leak","definition":"(Of a fluid or gas) escape or pass through a hole or crack.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"leken","root_meaning":"to drip, leak","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leak","meaning":"to escape or pass through a hole","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"leken","meaning":"to drip, leak","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to drip, leak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drip","seep","flow","hole","crack","permeate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ooze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"escape","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"16acd362-4205-4513-924c-bce53fc8b706","word":"lean","definition":"To incline or bend from a vertical position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlinian","root_meaning":"to lean, recline","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lean","meaning":"to incline","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlinian","meaning":"to lean, recline","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hleinian","meaning":"to lean","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*klei-","meaning":"to lean, incline","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incline","recline","ladder","clinic","climate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tilt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slope","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"6f8e03bb-093a-41e2-b3d9-640025901cab","word":"leap","definition":"To jump or spring a long way, to a great height, or with great force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlēapan","root_meaning":"to leap, to run, to dance","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hlaupanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leap","meaning":"to jump","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlēapan","meaning":"to leap, to run, to dance","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*hlaupanan","meaning":"to leap, to run","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leapt","leaping","overleap","long-jump","spring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"9cb599b0-69e7-4597-98f0-9acf3ebbff08","word":"learn","definition":"To acquire knowledge or skill through study or experience.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"leornian","root_meaning":"to learn, teach","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"learn","meaning":"acquire knowledge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leornian","meaning":"to learn, teach","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lir","meaning":"lore, learning","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["learning","learned","learner","lesson"],"synonyms":[{"word":"study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"5751f9f9-8ea7-4980-8986-23202fd09c77","word":"learner","definition":"A person who is acquiring knowledge or a new skill.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"leornian","root_meaning":"to learn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lewis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"learner","meaning":"A person who is acquiring knowledge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leornere","meaning":"student, disciple","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leornian","meaning":"to learn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["learn","learning","learned","teach","scholarship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"student","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprentice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"novice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pupil","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"b755a04b-85c1-47df-9566-bc404bb2b719","word":"learning","definition":"The acquisition of knowledge or skills through study or experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English leornian","root_meaning":"to learn, teach","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"learning","meaning":"acquisition of knowledge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"learn","meaning":"to get knowledge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leornian","meaning":"to teach, learn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["learn","learned","learner","learns"],"synonyms":[{"word":"education","formality":"formal"},{"word":"study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knowledge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"25802050-cece-4a0a-9c73-bd331f0a2bad","word":"lease","definition":"A contract by which one party grants another the use of an asset for a specified period, typically in return for periodic payments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"laissier","root_meaning":"to let, to leave","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*leikʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lease","meaning":"a contract for use of property","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"les","meaning":"a lease","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"laissier","meaning":"to let, to leave","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"laxare","meaning":"to loosen, remit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["release","lax","relinquish","lessen","unleash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenancy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"508715f9-addc-460b-86f4-c69267a4ae1f","word":"least","definition":"The smallest in amount, degree, or importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"læs","root_meaning":"least, smallest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*laisaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"least","meaning":"smallest in amount","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"least","meaning":"least, smallest","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["less","lessen","lesser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smallest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minimum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"slightest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"51a438f5-384d-4f64-91c9-4cbffab8a66b","word":"leather","definition":"A strong, flexible, durable material made by tanning animal hides or skins.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lethran","root_meaning":"made from hides","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leather","meaning":"treated animal hide material","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"leather","meaning":"hide, skin prepared for use","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lether","meaning":"made from hides","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leathery","leather jacket","suede","tanned","hide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suede","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parchment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"e6770c13-8741-48be-9955-9b1ed38511ec","word":"leave","definition":"To go away from a place or person; to depart or permit someone to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"læfan","root_meaning":"to leave, allow, bequeath","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leave","meaning":"to go away or depart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læfan","meaning":"to leave, abandon, allow","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*leip-","meaning":"to stick, remain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leaving","left","leaves","leavings","relief"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depart","formality":"formal"},{"word":"go","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abandon","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"4c94f3c7-c8a4-44fa-a62c-684d0d318331","word":"lecture","definition":"An educational talk to an audience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lectura","language_family":"latin","root":"lectura","root_meaning":"a reading, that which is read","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lecture","meaning":"An educational talk to an audience.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lecture","meaning":"reading","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lectura","meaning":"a reading, that which is read","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to read, gather","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to gather, collect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legible","intellect","collect","elect","diligent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"talk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speech","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"address","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discourse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"6ed48b19-c6c8-485b-9127-07ebc1fd4626","word":"led","definition":"Past tense and past participle of lead, meaning to guide or direct someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English lædan","root_meaning":"to cause to go, guide, conduct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leith-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"led","meaning":"past tense of lead","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lead","meaning":"to guide, conduct","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"lædan","meaning":"to cause to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lead","leader","leading","mislead","leaden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conducted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"steered","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"fca8ed57-32e4-4c81-9118-b18fca3eeb2e","word":"ledge","definition":"A narrow shelf or ridge that projects from a surface, especially rock.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ledge","meaning":"a narrow shelf or ridge that projects from a surface, especially rock","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ledge","meaning":"projecting shelf or ridge; origin uncertain","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ledgy","ledge-like","ledge-stone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shelf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ridge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outcrop","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"0d3f091a-ece1-4f87-b2d7-baf82973403b","word":"ledger","definition":"A ledger is a book or digital record in which financial accounts are entered and balanced.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"licgan","root_meaning":"to lie down; be situated","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*legʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ledger","meaning":"a book or digital record for financial accounts","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"liggere","meaning":"a thing laid up in one place; later, an account book","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"licgan","meaning":"to lie down; be situated","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*legʰ-","meaning":"to lie down","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ledge","lie","lay","lying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"account book","formality":"technical"},{"word":"journal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"register","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"54c3df9d-2e02-4d30-b042-29e0b3b3b889","word":"lee","definition":"The sheltered side of something, especially a ship, away from the wind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hleo","root_meaning":"to shelter, cover","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hlewaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lee","meaning":"sheltered side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lee","meaning":"shelter, lee side","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leeward","lee-shore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lee side","formality":"technical"},{"word":"calm side","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"5f3bed5e-029a-47d7-ae1d-5b277b397345","word":"leech","definition":"A bloodsucking annelid that feeds on the blood of other animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lǣċe","root_meaning":"blood-sucking worm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leech","meaning":"a bloodsucking annelid that feeds on the blood of other animals","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"leche","meaning":"blood-sucking worm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lǣċe","meaning":"blood-sucking worm","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leeches","leeching","leechlike","leechcraft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bloodsucker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parasite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hanger-on","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"ce55a8f5-fe9b-4237-b73c-18ee1856fac6","word":"left","definition":"The side or direction opposite to the right, or past tense of leave.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lyft","root_meaning":"weak, worthless","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leub-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"left","meaning":"opposite of right; remaining","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lyft","meaning":"weak, worthless","children":[{"era":"1st century CE","word":"Proto-Germanic","meaning":"weak, infirm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leave","leftover","leftist","sinister"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sinister","formality":"formal"},{"word":"port","formality":"technical"},{"word":"remaining","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"1caf666c-4116-433b-9fd9-c84b408fe161","word":"leftover","definition":"Something remaining after the rest has been used, eaten, or decided.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leftover","meaning":"something remaining after the rest has been used or consumed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"left","meaning":"remaining; left behind","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"past; finished; beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["left","over","leftovers","holdover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remnant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remainder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residue","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"c6b5160e-9800-449e-916b-2c2f1eb639bf","word":"leg","definition":"Each of the limbs on which a person or animal walks and stands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"leggr","root_meaning":"leg, shank","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leg","meaning":"Each of the limbs on which a person or animal walks and stands.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"leg","meaning":"leg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leggr","meaning":"leg, shank","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limb","walk","pace","shank"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gams","formality":"informal"},{"word":"shank","formality":"informal"},{"word":"extremity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"cca5fbfe-1d67-4760-8703-44722b51f306","word":"legacy","definition":"An amount of money or property left to someone in a will; something left or handed down by a predecessor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"legado","language_family":"latin","root":"legare","root_meaning":"to send, appoint, bequeath","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legacy","meaning":"inheritance","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"legacie","meaning":"something bequeathed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legatum","meaning":"a bequest, legacy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legare","meaning":"to bequeath","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legate","legation","legend","allege","legal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inheritance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heritage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bequest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endowment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"d543fc0d-bc3a-4f37-80b8-c519685c646a","word":"legal","definition":"Relating to law or lawful, or permitted by law.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"legal","language_family":"latin","root":"legalis","root_meaning":"relating to law","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legal","meaning":"relating to law","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"legal","meaning":"legal, lawful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legalis","meaning":"relating to law or a legacy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law, statute, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legality","legalize","legally","legislation","legislate","legitimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legitimate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"statutory","formality":"technical"},{"word":"authorized","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"d0ab0bc4-a3b0-4592-8114-071fb5bf81d4","word":"legend","definition":"A traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"leyenda","language_family":"latin","root":"legenda","root_meaning":"things to be read","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legend","meaning":"traditional story","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"legende","meaning":"story, life of a saint","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"legenda","meaning":"things to be read","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to read","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legible","lecture","collect","elegiac"],"synonyms":[{"word":"myth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saga","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"02919447-f4e8-42a5-babd-77305ac28e89","word":"legendary","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of a legend or legends; remarkable enough to be famous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"legendario","language_family":"latin","root":"legenda","root_meaning":"things to be read","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legendary","meaning":"remarkable enough to be famous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"legendaire","meaning":"legendary","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"legendarius","meaning":"relating to a legend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legenda","meaning":"things to be read","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legend","legible","lecture","lexicon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mythical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"famous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renowned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"a662edd2-7e2b-4a30-b8c4-93dcfb0e6fe8","word":"legion","definition":"A large unit of the Roman army, or a very large number of people or things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"legión","language_family":"latin","root":"legio","root_meaning":"military levy, body of armed men","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legion","meaning":"a large group or army","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"legion","meaning":"a legion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legio","meaning":"military levy, body of armed men","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legal","college","collect","legitimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"host","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"multitude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"army","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"513db4d3-8065-4b75-8901-0605299fea3b","word":"legislation","definition":"Laws enacted by a legislative body; the process of making or enacting laws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"legislación","language_family":"latin","root":"lex","root_meaning":"law","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legislation","meaning":"laws or the process of lawmaking","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"legislation","meaning":"the making of laws","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"legislatio","meaning":"lawmaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legislative","legislate","legislator","legal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"laws","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statutes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acts","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"f45b96fe-9e76-4744-96ec-78a67f147dbb","word":"legislative","definition":"Having the power or function of making laws.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"legislativo","language_family":"latin","root":"legislare","root_meaning":"to propose a law, to legislate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legislative","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"legislativus","meaning":"pertaining to legislation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legislat-","meaning":"past participle stem of legislare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to bear, carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legislature","legislator","legislation","legislate","legal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawmaking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statutory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"parliamentary","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"c9db7492-1653-41db-9cb9-374abeb3b16a","word":"legislature","definition":"The legislative body of a country or state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"legislatura","language_family":"latin","root":"lex (legis)","root_meaning":"law","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legislature","meaning":"a legislative body","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"legislatura","meaning":"a body of laws","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legis","meaning":"of law (genitive of lex)","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"latura","meaning":"a bearing, bringing (from ferre 'to bear')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legal","legislation","legitimate","legislator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parliament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"034830d2-7cf1-40b7-bc00-9ab36523e267","word":"legit","definition":"(informal) Conforming to rules or laws; authentic, genuine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"legítimo","language_family":"latin","root":"legitimus","root_meaning":"lawful, legitimate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legit","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"legitimate","meaning":"lawful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legitimus","meaning":"lawful, legitimate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex, legis","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legitimate","legitimacy","legal","legislate","allegiance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authentic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genuine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lawful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"5e1bce7a-7701-4636-8ecb-1d9fefd41023","word":"legitimate","definition":"Conforming to the law or to rules.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"legítimo","language_family":"latin","root":"legitimus","root_meaning":"lawful, legitimate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"legitimate","meaning":"lawful","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"legitimatus","meaning":"made lawful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legitimus","meaning":"lawful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legitimize","legitimacy","legal","legislation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"valid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"56c111e7-f6eb-4cba-bb8e-5d7a8491ea31","word":"leisure","definition":"Free time used for enjoyment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"licere","root_meaning":"to be permitted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leisure","meaning":"Free time used for enjoyment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"leisir","meaning":"opportunity, permission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"licere","meaning":"to be permitted","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["license","illicit","permit","liberate","permission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"free time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recreation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relaxation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idleness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"685b7a41-85d7-4cb7-9392-e2f67f7cd461","word":"lemon","definition":"A yellow, oval citrus fruit with acidic juice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"limón","language_family":"other","root":"līmūn","root_meaning":"citrus fruit","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~900 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 AD","word":"līmū","meaning":"Citrus fruit.","children":[{"era":"~900 AD","word":"līmūn","meaning":"Lemon.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"limon","meaning":"Lemon.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"lemon","meaning":"Yellow citrus fruit.","language":"English"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"limón","meaning":"Lemon.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Persian"},"related_words":["lemonade","limonene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"citrus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dud","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"ac782113-162e-43b5-89e2-fc12b7349b34","word":"lemonade","definition":"A drink made from lemon juice, sugar, and water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"limonada","language_family":"french","root":"limonade","root_meaning":"lemon drink","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lemonade","meaning":"lemon drink","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"limonade","meaning":"lemon drink","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"limon","meaning":"lemon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līmūn","meaning":"lemon","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"French"},{"era":"1600s","word":"-ade","meaning":"suffix denoting a drink made from","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lemon","lime","marmalade","orangeade","citrus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soft drink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lemon drink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cordial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"6fb994b0-fee1-480e-82c2-2346cd32cc75","word":"lend","definition":"To give something to someone temporarily, expecting it to be returned.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lǑnan","root_meaning":"to give in loan, grant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*le₁ntʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lend","meaning":"To give something temporarily, expecting return.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lǑnan","meaning":"to give in loan, grant","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*le₁ntʰ-","meaning":"to give on loan","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loan","borrow","gift","rent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"furnish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"5b5281f6-f3bd-4868-9989-15d7eafdcefd","word":"lender","definition":"A person or organization that lends money or something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lendan","root_meaning":"to lend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁lendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lender","meaning":"one who lends","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lendere","meaning":"one who lends","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lendan","meaning":"to lend","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lend","loan","borrower","lending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creditor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loaner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"e4e1aa81-a0ea-4958-88f2-686296d60e7d","word":"length","definition":"The measurement or extent of something from end to end.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lang","root_meaning":"long","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*longgaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"length","meaning":"measurement from end to end","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"length","meaning":"long distance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lang","meaning":"long","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["long","lengthen","lengthy","lengthwise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"measurement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"27f69679-94b0-432c-b786-78d0b0f60505","word":"lens","definition":"A piece of glass or other transparent material with curved sides for concentrating or dispersing light rays.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lente","language_family":"latin","root":"lens","root_meaning":"lentil","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lens","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lens","meaning":"lentil (due to the shape)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lentil","lenticular","ocular","focus","optics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"optic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"viewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnifier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"f78c72dd-1c6d-4190-98ea-a36d251dc41f","word":"leopard","definition":"A large solitary cat that has a yellowish-brown coat with dark spots, native to Africa and Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"leopardo","language_family":"greek","root":"leopardus","root_meaning":"leopard","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leopard","meaning":"A spotted big cat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"leopard","meaning":"leopard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"leopardus","meaning":"leopard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"leonpardus","meaning":"lion-pard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"leo","meaning":"lion","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"pardus","meaning":"pard, panther","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pard","lion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"panther","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"big cat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"990ed812-635f-413b-8b75-158db2b6cb0e","word":"les","definition":"French definite article in plural form meaning 'the', or sometimes used in English in French phrases.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"los","language_family":"latin","root":"illi","root_meaning":"that, those","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"les","meaning":"the (plural)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"les","meaning":"the (plural)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illi","meaning":"those, that","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern French"},"related_words":["le","la","lui","leur","les"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"67bc11ea-7ee6-490a-bafe-a40d326b7aa9","word":"lesbian","definition":"A woman whose romantic or sexual attraction is primarily to women.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lesbiana","language_family":"greek","root":"Lesbios","root_meaning":"of Lesbos","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lesbian","meaning":"woman attracted to women","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"lesbian","meaning":"of or relating to Lesbos","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Lesbios","meaning":"of the island of Lesbos","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Lesbos","sapphic","Sappho"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sapphic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"gay woman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"40ffc3b2-087f-4cfe-be23-fa251cd6553b","word":"lesbians","definition":"Women who are primarily romantically or sexually attracted to other women.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lesbiana","language_family":"greek","root":"Lesbos","root_meaning":"from Lesbos","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lesbians","meaning":"women attracted to women","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"lesbian","meaning":"a woman who is sexually attracted to other women","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Lesbos","meaning":"Greek island, home of Sappho","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lesbian","Sapphic","homoerotic","homosexual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sapphists","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gay women","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wlw","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T15:56:12.940Z"}
{"id":"596d3532-6ca4-4d6f-b273-4ce2ec19964f","word":"less","definition":"A smaller amount or quantity of something.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"læs","root_meaning":"smaller, fewer","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*les-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"less","meaning":"smaller amount or quantity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læs","meaning":"smaller, fewer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læssa","meaning":"lesser, smaller","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["least","lesser","lessen","lessened"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smaller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reduced","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"8b6642a7-248d-4612-8bb9-702dd0c279c4","word":"lesson","definition":"A period of instruction or a piece of knowledge imparted by experience or teaching.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lección","language_family":"latin","root":"lectio","root_meaning":"a reading, a selection","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lesson","meaning":"unit of instruction or experience-derived knowledge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"leçon","meaning":"a reading aloud, lecture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lectio","meaning":"a reading","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to read, to gather","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lecture","legible","legend","lessonplan","select"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instruction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"teaching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"class","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precept","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"e734fc68-a601-4362-8914-402359740040","word":"lest","definition":"A conjunction used to express prevention or fear that something undesirable may happen.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lǣs","root_meaning":"less","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lest","meaning":"in order to prevent something undesirable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"les te","meaning":"less that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þȳ lǣs þe","meaning":"whereby less that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lǣs","meaning":"less","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["less","least","lesser","lessen","unless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"in case","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"for fear that","formality":"literary"},{"word":"so that not","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"69d5a465-3165-4998-b26b-7f995d930fcd","word":"let","definition":"To allow or permit someone to do something, or to cause something to happen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"laetan","root_meaning":"to allow, leave, let","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*let-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"let","meaning":"to allow or permit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"laetan","meaning":"to allow, leave, let, permit","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*let-","meaning":"to delay, hinder, let","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["letter","lettuce","outlet","inlet","ballet","mullet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"permit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cause","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:08:54.380Z"}
{"id":"c678006f-8463-4a87-ba74-6ae10f0e133f","word":"lethal","definition":"Sufficient to cause death; deadly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"letal","language_family":"latin","root":"lethum","root_meaning":"death","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lethal","meaning":"Sufficient to cause death; deadly.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lethalis","meaning":"deadly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lethum","meaning":"death","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lethe","lethargy","fatality","death"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deadly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fatal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mortal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"3adfeddb-390e-4dc9-a86b-ea25bd46aaf7","word":"letter","definition":"A written or printed character representing a sound in speech, or a written message.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"letra","language_family":"latin","root":"littera","root_meaning":"letter of the alphabet, character","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"letter","meaning":"alphabetic character or written message","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"letter","meaning":"written character","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"lettre","meaning":"letter, character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter, character","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["literate","literature","lettering","literal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"missive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"epistle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"7d9865ec-3176-4f32-b943-08f80105a67b","word":"letters","definition":"Plural of letter; characters of an alphabet or written messages.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"letras","language_family":"latin","root":"littera","root_meaning":"letter of the alphabet","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"letters","meaning":"alphabet characters or written messages","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"letter","meaning":"letter, character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter of the alphabet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["letter","lettered","lettering","letterbox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"characters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"missives","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correspondence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"0671c9c8-e61e-4f1e-92ec-3fdfa14d3f9f","word":"lettuce","definition":"An edible leafy plant grown and eaten as a salad green.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lechuga","language_family":"latin","root":"lac","root_meaning":"milk","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lettuce","meaning":"an edible leafy plant or its leaves","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"letuse","meaning":"lettuce","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"laitue","meaning":"lettuce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lactūca","meaning":"lettuce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lac","meaning":"milk","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lactuca","lactucarium","lactucine","lactic","lactose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"greens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salad greens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leafy greens","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"6ef53577-d0c2-4dbc-96d6-c2412e743676","word":"leu","definition":"The basic monetary unit of Romania and Moldova.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"leo","root_meaning":"lion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leu","meaning":"The basic monetary unit of Romania and Moldova.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"leu","meaning":"lion (from Dutch thaler coins with a lion depicted)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"leo","meaning":"lion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Romanian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lion","leonine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"currency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"5f3856a7-5648-4415-a2c1-a6dd46a681d1","word":"leukemia","definition":"A cancer of blood-forming tissues that produces abnormal white blood cells.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"leucemia","language_family":"greek","root":"λευκός + αἷμα","root_meaning":"white blood","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leukemia","meaning":"a cancer of blood-forming tissues that produces abnormal white blood cells","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Leukämie","meaning":"leukemia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"λευκός + αἷμα","meaning":"white + blood","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leukocyte","leukemic","leukopenia","leukocytosis","leukosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leukaemia","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leucemia","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blood cancer","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"c90d0a75-f4de-4d57-b17f-de19bc95f903","word":"level","definition":"A horizontal plane or surface; a position in a hierarchy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"libella","root_meaning":"a balance, level, leveling instrument","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"level","meaning":"a horizontal plane or hierarchical position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"level","meaning":"level, a measuring instrument","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"libella","meaning":"a balance, leveling tool","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"libra","meaning":"a balance, pound weight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leveling","leveled","leveler","levels","levelness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plane","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stratum","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"175fbc21-3daa-4222-9577-0a06a0924cd7","word":"levels","definition":"Plural of level; horizontal planes or degrees of intensity, achievement, or position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"niveles","language_family":"latin","root":"libella","root_meaning":"plumb line, level","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"levels","meaning":"horizontal planes or degrees","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"level","meaning":"even, horizontal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"livel","meaning":"level, plumb line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"libella","meaning":"plumb line, level","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["level","levelheaded","leveling","levelness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tiers","formality":"formal"},{"word":"degrees","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stages","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"e9242300-1fec-4bb5-948c-d6784a8fc131","word":"leverage","definition":"The use of a lever; the mechanical advantage gained by using a lever; strategic advantage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"levier","root_meaning":"lever","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*legwh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"leverage","meaning":"mechanical advantage or influence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"levier","meaning":"lever","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"levare","meaning":"to lift","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*legwh-","meaning":"light, easy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lever","levitate","elevate","relieve","levity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advantage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"influence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clout","formality":"informal"},{"word":"force","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"4e57a9db-4707-49ba-9321-7867554e36d4","word":"levy","definition":"An act of levying a tax, fee, or fine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"levar","language_family":"french","root":"lever","root_meaning":"to raise, to lift","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*legwh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"levy","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lever","meaning":"to raise, to lift, to collect a tax","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"levare","meaning":"to lighten, lift","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"levis","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elevate","lever","relief","leaven","alleviate","buoyant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exaction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"799d13fe-d808-4bb1-8c49-75e5b5209ad0","word":"lex","definition":"A law or system of laws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ley","language_family":"latin","root":"lex","root_meaning":"law, bill, principle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lex","meaning":"A law","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law, bill, principle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["legal","legislation","legitimate","loyal","privilege"],"synonyms":[{"word":"law","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"999e3fb4-1d32-458a-a301-110855c0c765","word":"liability","definition":"The state of being legally responsible for something, or a disadvantageous factor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"responsabilidad","language_family":"french","root":"liable","root_meaning":"bound by law or obligation","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liability","meaning":"legal responsibility or disadvantage","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"liable","meaning":"bound by law","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lier","meaning":"to bind, to be bound","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["liable","liabilities","liable for","unreliable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"responsibility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obligation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"debt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disadvantage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"d385e031-130c-4d33-9e79-c0297c9ff144","word":"liable","definition":"Responsible by law; legally answerable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"lier","root_meaning":"to bind","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liable","meaning":"responsible","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"liable","meaning":"bound, subject to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lier","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ligament","oblige","rely","ally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"responsible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accountable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"answerable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"58f93063-bf3a-4df6-af06-54978cb8a667","word":"liaison","definition":"A liaison is a connection or communication link, especially between people, groups, or organizations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ligazón","language_family":"french","root":"ligare","root_meaning":"to bind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liaison","meaning":"connection or communication link","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"liaison","meaning":"bond, connection, relation","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"lier","meaning":"to bind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ligare","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ligate","ligation","ligature","obligate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affiliation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"cfb8d5f7-2a42-4062-a989-ef7ca1b0e4a6","word":"liar","definition":"A person who tells lies or habitually speaks falsehoods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lēogere","root_meaning":"one who lies","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leugh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liar","meaning":"one who tells falsehoods","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"liere / lyere","meaning":"one who lies","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēogere","meaning":"liar, deceiver","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*leugh-","meaning":"to tell lies","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lie","lying","lied","falsehood","deceit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fabricator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deceiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fibber","formality":"informal"},{"word":"prevaricator","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"6ffc6076-210c-487c-a070-67ae27c4c821","word":"liberal","definition":"Willing to respect individual behavior and opinions; generous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"liberal","language_family":"latin","root":"līberālis","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to a free person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"līber","meaning":"Free, unrestricted.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"liberal","meaning":"Free, generous, broad-minded.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"liberal","meaning":"Liberal, generous.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["liberalism","liberate","liberty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"progressive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"open-minded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"d34f3298-66a6-438e-8f43-ac90af7be170","word":"liberate","definition":"To liberate is to free someone or something from control, captivity, or oppression.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"liberar","language_family":"latin","root":"liberare","root_meaning":"to set free","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liberate","meaning":"to set free","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin liberare","meaning":"to set free","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin liber","meaning":"free","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["liberation","liberated","liberating","liberator","liberty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emancipate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"572594e8-e476-4416-9a28-9d5d07995f6a","word":"liberation","definition":"The act of setting someone or something free from imprisonment or oppression.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"liberación","language_family":"latin","root":"liberare","root_meaning":"to set free","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liberation","meaning":"act of setting free","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"liberationem","meaning":"setting free","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"liberare","meaning":"to set free","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["liberate","liberty","liberal","deliver","libre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emancipation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deliverance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"b744d3c8-1a76-46e3-bae8-67ba265ddf97","word":"liberty","definition":"The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"libertad","language_family":"latin","root":"libertas","root_meaning":"freedom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liberty","meaning":"freedom","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"liberté","meaning":"freedom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"libertatem","meaning":"freedom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"liber","meaning":"free","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["liberal","liberate","libertarian","liberation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"freedom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"autonomy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"independence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"9dbd8c13-a93e-450a-ad4d-95f81b266481","word":"libraries","definition":"plural of library; buildings or rooms containing books and other materials for reading, learning, or reference.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"librerías","language_family":"latin","root":"liber","root_meaning":"book, free","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leudh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"libraries","meaning":"plural of library","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"library","meaning":"collection of books","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"librarie","meaning":"collection of books","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"libraria","meaning":"place where books are kept","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["library","librarian","librarianship","literate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"repositories","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"archives","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"ec630247-dec2-4a3f-93b4-ae06fc5b9a15","word":"library","definition":"A building or room containing books and other literary materials available for borrowing or consultation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"librería","language_family":"latin","root":"liber","root_meaning":"book","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"library","meaning":"collection of books","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"librarie","meaning":"library","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"libraria","meaning":"bookseller's shop, collection of books","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"liber","meaning":"book","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["librarian","librarianship","liber","libel","liberal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"repository","formality":"formal"},{"word":"archive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"athenaeum","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"13ef2545-8c5b-4a5f-8046-8e98d9ce3085","word":"license","definition":"an official permission or permit to do something that would otherwise be unlawful.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"licencia","language_family":"latin","root":"licentia","root_meaning":"freedom, permission","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"license","meaning":"official permission","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"licence","meaning":"permission, freedom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"licentia","meaning":"freedom, permission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"licere","meaning":"to be allowed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["licensor","licensee","license plate","licentious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authorization","formality":"formal"},{"word":"leave","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"68a1c951-2e48-4310-8ef3-791c8911696a","word":"licensed","definition":"Having official permission or authorization to operate or practice.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"licenciado","language_family":"latin","root":"licentia","root_meaning":"permission, freedom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"licensed","meaning":"officially authorized","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"license","meaning":"permission, authorization","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"licentia","meaning":"permission, freedom, liberty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["license","licentious","licentiously","licenser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authorized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"permitted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certified","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"542f87d7-d141-4777-b69b-31e3d9b2dab2","word":"lick","definition":"Pass the tongue over (something), typically in order to taste, moisten, or clean it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"lamer","language_family":"germanic","root":"liccian","root_meaning":"to lick","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lih₃ǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lick","meaning":"pass tongue over","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"liccian","meaning":"to lick","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*likkōną","meaning":"to lick","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*lih₃ǵʰ-","meaning":"to lick","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lap","liquor","lecherous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taste","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"814e6908-efe3-416a-9ac9-d92bad38929d","word":"lid","definition":"A removable cover for the top of a container.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlid","root_meaning":"cover, opening","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hlidiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lid","meaning":"A removable cover","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlid","meaning":"cover, opening","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*hlidiz","meaning":"cover","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hide","shroud","cover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"top","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"d49f83af-fb47-4c24-9ce5-b89385587987","word":"lie","definition":"To be in or assume a horizontal or resting position on a surface.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"licgan","root_meaning":"to lie down","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*legʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lie","meaning":"To be in a horizontal position.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"licgan","meaning":"to lie down","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ligjaną","meaning":"to lie","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*legʰ-","meaning":"to lie, lay","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lay","lair","ledger","low","ledge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lounge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"08e5790a-96ba-4a17-a1be-84c23d7921c6","word":"lieutenant","definition":"A military officer of rank below captain; one who acts in place of a superior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lugarteniente","language_family":"french","root":"lieu tenant","root_meaning":"place holder (one holding the place of another)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*lokos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lieutenant","meaning":"military officer; deputy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lieutenant","meaning":"deputy, one acting for another","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lieu tenant","meaning":"place holder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locus tenens","meaning":"holding the place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lieu","tenure","tenant","locum","lieutenant-colonel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deputy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjutant","formality":"technical"},{"word":"second-in-command","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"1dd46ed0-b67f-4358-973a-73f38c27fc50","word":"life","definition":"The state of being alive or the duration of existence from birth to death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lif","root_meaning":"life, body","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"life","meaning":"state of being alive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lif","meaning":"life, body","children":[{"era":"pre-classical","word":"*leip-","meaning":"to remain, stick, be sticky","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lively","living","lifetime","lifelong","alive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lifespan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"living","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vitality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"fdc62453-ef21-4fc3-b57c-2c37b15c0696","word":"lifeguard","definition":"A person trained to watch swimmers and rescue people from drowning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lifeguard","meaning":"a person trained to watch swimmers and rescue people from drowning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"life","meaning":"living existence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *libam","meaning":"life, body","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"guard","meaning":"to protect or watch over","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French garder","meaning":"to guard, keep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Germanic *wardōn","meaning":"to watch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","guard","lifeguards","lifeguarding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rescuer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"watchkeeper","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"2cfbdf51-7736-499f-a710-b764bcd80df9","word":"lifeless","definition":"Lacking life; dead, inanimate, or devoid of vitality and energy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lif + -lēas","root_meaning":"life + without","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lifeless","meaning":"without life","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līflēas","meaning":"without life, dead","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lif","meaning":"life, body","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*libam","meaning":"life, body","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*leip-","meaning":"to adhere, be sticky (→ fat → body → life)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-lēas","meaning":"without, lacking","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","live","alive","lively","lifelike","lifeline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inanimate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"inert","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defunct","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"272c99e8-0157-4c1f-bce7-341bece24b27","word":"lifelong","definition":"lasting for the whole of a person's life.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"life + long","root_meaning":"life + long","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lifelong","meaning":"lasting for the whole of a person's life","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"life","meaning":"life, existence","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"long","meaning":"having great length; extended in time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","lifetime","lifespan","long-term"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permanent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lasting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enduring","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"2a34d981-675c-4803-887e-a15750f4ecb2","word":"lifetime","definition":"The duration of a person's life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"līf, tīma","root_meaning":"life, time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lifetime","meaning":"The duration of a person's life.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"life","meaning":"existence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līf","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"time","meaning":"period","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tīma","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lifespan","lifelong","lifetime achievement","lifetime warranty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"span","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"186d6459-60a0-4c80-8a72-1b24a19bf391","word":"lift","definition":"To raise to a higher position or level.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lypta","root_meaning":"to lift","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lift","meaning":"to raise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lypta","meaning":"to lift, raise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*luftijan","meaning":"to lift, raise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loft","aloft","elevator","airlift"],"synonyms":[{"word":"raise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"elevate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"000e2f54-97f3-45a3-b5b5-24c4d2e04e9d","word":"light","definition":"Natural electromagnetic radiation that allows vision and illuminates objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lioht","root_meaning":"light, brightness","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"light","meaning":"electromagnetic radiation, illumination","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"light","meaning":"light, brightness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lioht","meaning":"light, bright","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"to shine, be bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lighten","lighter","lightning","lightly","lightness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illumination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"radiance","formality":"literary"},{"word":"brightness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"luminescence","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"5216b8d2-13ba-4732-8e73-28db96907577","word":"lightbox","definition":"A translucent surface illuminated from behind, used for viewing transparencies or tracing images.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lightbox","meaning":"A translucent surface illuminated from behind, used for viewing transparencies or tracing images.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"light","meaning":"radiance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leoht","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leuhtą","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"light, bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"box","meaning":"container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"box","meaning":"box","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"buxis","meaning":"box tree, boxwood, box","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pyxis","meaning":"box, boxwood","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["flashlight","lamplight","toolbox","letterbox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illuminator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"viewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tracing table","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"1015f1bb-e2f9-4581-97b3-c465e46f7bb1","word":"lighten","definition":"To make or become lighter in weight, color, or brightness.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"līhtan","root_meaning":"to lighten, alleviate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lighten","meaning":"to make or become lighter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līhtan","meaning":"to lighten, alleviate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēoht","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leuhtam","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"light, brightness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","lessen","illumine","alight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brighten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illuminate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alleviate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"3162e53c-0f8c-4c3a-a020-e9f6878d35ca","word":"lighthouse","definition":"A lighthouse is a tower with a bright light that guides ships away from hazards.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lēoht + hūs","root_meaning":"light + house/building","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lighthouse","meaning":"a tower with a guiding light for ships","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"light","meaning":"light, brightness, illumination","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēoht","meaning":"light, brightness","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"house","meaning":"house, dwelling, shelter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hūs","meaning":"house, dwelling, shelter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","house","lighting","housing","lighted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beacon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pharos","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"8003b207-37ab-4404-99ad-e556f22920d4","word":"lighting","definition":"The arrangement, type, or effect of light in a place or on a subject; the equipment producing light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"iluminación","language_family":"germanic","root":"light","root_meaning":"brightness, illumination, not heavy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lighting","meaning":"arrangement of light; equipment producing light","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"lighting","meaning":"illumination or light equipment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"light","meaning":"brightness or illumination","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēoht","meaning":"light, brightness","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"to shine, bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","lighter","lighten","illuminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illumination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"luminosity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"brightness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lamps","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"367ebac6-9642-4bec-8129-a5c934153c46","word":"lightning","definition":"The visible discharge of electricity that accompanies a thunderstorm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"liht","root_meaning":"light","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lightning","meaning":"visible electric discharge","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"lightnen","meaning":"to lighten, shine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"liht","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","lighten","illumination","lucid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"56ff4b21-9444-4eb3-9328-993b5fde0152","word":"lights","definition":"Sources of illumination or plural of light, the form of energy that enables vision.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"leoht","root_meaning":"light, illumination","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lights","meaning":"sources of illumination or visibility","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"light","meaning":"leoht, illumination","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"leoht","meaning":"light, bright","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"to shine or be bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","lighter","lighten","lighthouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illumination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brightness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiance","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"083990bc-d216-4bb9-862a-785e5c5f592e","word":"lightweight","definition":"Of less than the usual or an expected weight.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"leoht (light) + gewiht (weight)","root_meaning":"having little weight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*legwh- (light, not heavy) + *wegʰ- (to carry, to move)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lightweight","meaning":"of little weight","children":[{"era":"current","word":"light","meaning":"not heavy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leoht","meaning":"not heavy","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"weight","meaning":"heaviness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gewiht","meaning":"weight","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light","weigh","heavy","weighty","enlightenment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flimsy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insubstantial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feeble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"ffe458d5-51bf-4ce0-9565-f5e113581fe5","word":"like","definition":"To enjoy or find pleasant; or resembling or similar to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gelīc","root_meaning":"similar, like","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gala-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"like","meaning":"to enjoy; resembling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gelīc","meaning":"similar, alike","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ge- + līc","meaning":"prefix + body, form","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*līka-","meaning":"body, form","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alike","likely","likeness","liking","unlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enjoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prefer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resemble","formality":"formal"},{"word":"similar to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"743566c9-b17a-47f5-b5f9-8d062dc58f18","word":"likelihood","definition":"The state or fact of being probable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*līką","root_meaning":"body, form, shape","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"likelihood","meaning":"The state or fact of being probable.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"likely","meaning":"probable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"líkligr","meaning":"like, suitable","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*galīkaz","meaning":"like-shaped","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*līką","meaning":"body, form","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","likeness","liken","body"],"synonyms":[{"word":"probability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"3f59a018-809f-4e88-bf73-5a7a1f4536cf","word":"likely","definition":"Probable or having a good chance of happening; apparently suitable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old Norse likr","root_meaning":"like, similar","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*leik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"likely","meaning":"probable","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"like","meaning":"resembling, similar","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*leik-","meaning":"to lie, rest","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","likelihood","likeness","unlikely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"probable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"probable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apt","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"300a99b6-a624-4f4c-9879-ecc280d48bc3","word":"likeness","definition":"The quality or state of being similar in appearance, character, or form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English līcnes","root_meaning":"state of being alike","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"likeness","meaning":"the quality or state of being similar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"like","meaning":"similar; having the same form","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","liken","likely","unlike","likenesses"],"synonyms":[{"word":"similarity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resemblance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"similitude","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"eebb3bcf-ff70-4225-8d24-60d8133da5a6","word":"likewise","definition":"In the same way; also.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"likewise","root_meaning":"in like manner","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"likewise","meaning":"In the same way; also.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"likewise","meaning":"in like manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lik","meaning":"like, similar","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wise","meaning":"way, manner","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","otherwise","nowise","anywise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"similarly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"also","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"too","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ditto","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"a1a944f8-cd2b-49a6-aefb-2673d28ef917","word":"lily","definition":"a plant with large, showy, typically trumpet-shaped flowers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lirio","language_family":"latin","root":"lilium","root_meaning":"lily","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lily","meaning":"a type of flower","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"lilie","meaning":"lily","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lilium","meaning":"lily","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"leirion","meaning":"lily","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lilac","flower","bloom","iris"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fleur-de-lis","formality":"literary"},{"word":"blossom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"5341557f-8f0c-4884-8e49-8b62eb6d31cd","word":"limb","definition":"An arm or leg of a human or four-legged animal, or a large main branch of a tree.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lim","root_meaning":"limb, joint","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"limb","meaning":"an arm or leg; a tree branch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lim","meaning":"limb, joint","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limber","lam","lame"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extremity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"appendage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"branch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"bc3959de-bc66-47e3-994e-592d08da4e8f","word":"limbo","definition":"Limbo is a state of uncertainty or suspension, and in Christian theology it is the place where souls are thought to await heaven.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"limbo","language_family":"latin","root":"limbus","root_meaning":"border, edge; hem; fringe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"limbo","meaning":"state of uncertainty or theological borderland","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"limbo","meaning":"the theological place of souls awaiting heaven","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limbō","meaning":"in limbo; ablative singular of limbus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limbus","meaning":"border, edge; hem; fringe, tassel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limboed","limboing","limbos","limbo-dance","limbo-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suspension","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interregnum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"holding pattern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"2e7000aa-f368-46f2-9cb3-6f8aa89b7595","word":"limit","definition":"A point or level beyond which something cannot or will not go.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"límite","language_family":"latin","root":"limes","root_meaning":"boundary, border","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"limit","meaning":"boundary or point beyond which something cannot go","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"limit","meaning":"boundary, border","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limes","meaning":"boundary, border, frontier","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limitation","limitable","unlimited","limiter","delimit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boundary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threshold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restriction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.367Z"}
{"id":"f691f0ef-d3ae-4dad-b694-747b4269a09c","word":"limitation","definition":"A restricting condition or lack of ability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"limitación","language_family":"latin","root":"limitatio","root_meaning":"a bounding, restriction","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"limitation","meaning":"restriction, boundary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limitatio","meaning":"a bounding, restriction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limitare","meaning":"to bound, to limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limes","meaning":"boundary, frontier","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limit","limited","limitless","delimitation","unlimited"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restriction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constraint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drawback","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boundary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"a4ec8c20-e41c-43a5-90ff-aa587fa0ae8c","word":"limited","definition":"Restricted in scope, extent, or quantity; not unlimited.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"limitado","language_family":"latin","root":"limes","root_meaning":"boundary, border, limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"limited","meaning":"restricted, bounded","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"limiter","meaning":"to limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limitare","meaning":"to bound, set limits","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limit","limiter","limitation","limitless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restricted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bounded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"finite","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"eabd3245-5ba3-46d1-9f0b-9a71f9a8d7e4","word":"limousine","definition":"A large luxurious car, especially one driven by a chauffeur.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Limousin","root_meaning":"region in France","root_language":"French","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"limousine","meaning":"large luxurious car","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"limousine","meaning":"type of car body, also a type of cloak","children":[{"era":"region name","word":"Limousin","meaning":"region in France (known for a type of cloak)","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coach","carriage","automobile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"luxury car","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chauffeur car","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sedan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"7a3c813b-5ec4-46e1-b8d4-0778075b2a86","word":"limp","definition":"Lacking stiffness or firmness; drooping or flaccid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English lemphealt","root_meaning":"lame, halting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"limp","meaning":"lacking stiffness or firmness; drooping or flaccid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lemphealt","meaning":"lame, halting","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limped","limping","limply","limpness","limper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drooping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flaccid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"floppy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"0c29a80e-f00d-497a-9b06-6803d0cf38de","word":"linden","definition":"A linden is a deciduous tree of the genus Tilia, valued for its fragrant flowers and timber.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*lindīnaz","root_meaning":"linden tree","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"linden","meaning":"a tree of the genus Tilia","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"linden","meaning":"linden; made of linden","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"linden","meaning":"linden; linden-like","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lindīnaz","meaning":"linden tree","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Linden","lindens","linden-tree","lindenwood","linden-bloom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lime tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basswood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tilia","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"a6a83449-ef7a-4047-a58a-fc49c0982ed2","word":"line","definition":"A straight or curved mark, or a thin cord or rope.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"línea","language_family":"latin","root":"linea","root_meaning":"a line, linen thread","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lin-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"line","meaning":"a straight mark or cord","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ligne","meaning":"line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linea","meaning":"line, linen thread","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["linear","linen","lineage","outline","underline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stroke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stripe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:10:12.981Z"}
{"id":"afbdde00-1307-4e64-afc4-be23cc3c9320","word":"linear","definition":"Arranged in or extending along a straight or nearly straight line.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"lineal","language_family":"latin","root":"linea","root_meaning":"line","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lino-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"linear","meaning":"in a straight line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linearis","meaning":"pertaining to a line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linea","meaning":"line","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["line","lineage","lined","linearity","delineate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"straight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sequential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"3200c780-a952-4b5c-82ac-30ac568dd114","word":"linen","definition":"A strong woven fabric made from flax, or cloth made from that fabric.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lino","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin linum","root_meaning":"flax; linen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"linen","meaning":"A strong woven fabric made from flax, or cloth made from that fabric.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"linen","meaning":"made of flax; flaxen cloth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linum","meaning":"flax; linen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lininą","meaning":"flax; flaxen","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["linseed","linsey","linum","linenary","linencloth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cloth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabric","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"d01e6cd3-28d8-45cc-a3bc-796dc2053089","word":"lines","definition":"Long, narrow marks or the plural form of a row of written or printed text.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"líneas","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin linea","root_meaning":"string, linen thread, line","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*linon-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lines","meaning":"narrow marks or rows of text","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"line","meaning":"mark, string, row","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linea","meaning":"string, thread, line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*linon-","meaning":"linen, flax","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["line","linear","linen","lineup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rows","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strokes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"65f8ffcf-160f-4207-b5ee-f651640fe0e2","word":"lineup","definition":"A row or arranged list of people or things, especially a police identification array or a scheduled roster.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"linea","root_meaning":"line, thread","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lineup","meaning":"a row or arranged list of people or things","children":[{"era":"current","word":"line up","meaning":"to arrange in a line or sequence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"line","meaning":"a row, cord, or thread","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"linea","meaning":"thread, line","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"toward a higher position","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["line","line up","line-up","lineups"],"synonyms":[{"word":"array","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"dd12a21f-bf66-430a-a205-092b3899aef7","word":"ling","definition":"A long, slender marine fish, typically of the cod family.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"langr","root_meaning":"long","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dlongʰos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ling","meaning":"A long, slender marine fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lǫngr","meaning":"long (referring to the fish's shape)","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*langaz","meaning":"long","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*dlongʰos","meaning":"long","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["long","length","linger","elongate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"codfish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pollack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"92504529-24e6-4dec-b495-cd1885186458","word":"linger","definition":"To remain or stay on longer than expected, often slowly or reluctantly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lengja","root_meaning":"to make long; prolong","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*langaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"linger","meaning":"to remain or stay on longer than expected","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English lengeren/lingeren","meaning":"to prolong or delay","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old Norse lengja","meaning":"to lengthen; make longer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *langijaną","meaning":"to make long, prolong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["linger","lingered","lingering","lingerer","long","lengthen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loiter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dawdle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"5ad3f2ec-3b0c-4de4-b915-0f5166f7e184","word":"lingerie","definition":"Women's lightweight undergarments and sleepwear, typically made of silk, lace, or similar delicate materials.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lencería","language_family":"french","root":"linge","root_meaning":"linen, cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lingerie","meaning":"delicate women's undergarments","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"lingerie","meaning":"linen goods, underclothing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"linge","meaning":"linen, cloth","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["linen","linger","lingering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undergarments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimate apparel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"underwear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"2b0a8ef7-c4ae-4122-885c-5c914ced94e7","word":"link","definition":"A connection or relationship between things, or a single loop in a chain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"hlenkr","root_meaning":"chain, loop","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"link","meaning":"connection or chain loop","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"linke","meaning":"chain, link","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"hlenkr","meaning":"chain, loop","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["linked","linking","linkage","hyperlink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relationship","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.994Z"}
{"id":"44a2e6f4-06e7-4d8c-8086-418e37cce00c","word":"links","definition":"Connections or relationships between things, or golf course fairways.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hlence","root_meaning":"to go, to join","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*slenk- (to bend, twist)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"links","meaning":"connections or golf courses","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"link","meaning":"to join, chain together","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*slenk-","meaning":"to bend, wind, twist","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["link","linkage","linked","linking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bonds","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chains","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.673Z"}
{"id":"e4ddeccb-d5cc-47d4-b5f2-2c0c81ec21a9","word":"linux","definition":"A free and open-source operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Linus","root_meaning":"proper name of the creator","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1991","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1991","word":"Linux","meaning":"operating system kernel","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"Linus","meaning":"name of creator Linus Torvalds","children":[],"language":"Proper Name"},{"era":"1970s","word":"Unix","meaning":"operating system","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Unix","kernel","open-source","Torvalds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operating system","formality":"technical"},{"word":"OS","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"4b029aa3-0749-4c78-a276-5287256a8739","word":"lion","definition":"A large carnivorous feline mammal, native to Africa and India, known for its majestic mane.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"león","language_family":"latin","root":"leo","root_meaning":"lion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lion","meaning":"A large carnivorous feline mammal, native to Africa and India, known for its majestic mane.","children":[{"era":"pre-1400","word":"lioun","meaning":"lion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lyon","meaning":"lion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"leo","meaning":"lion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"leon","meaning":"lion","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leonine","dandelion","chameleon","leopard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"big cat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feline","formality":"technical"},{"word":"king of the jungle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"e34e8ccc-b752-4764-b042-752bf012a3e0","word":"lip","definition":"Either of the two fleshy folds forming the edges of the mouth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lippa","root_meaning":"lip","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lip","meaning":"Either of the two fleshy folds forming the edges of the mouth.","children":[{"era":"12th-15th century","word":"lippe","meaning":"lip","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lippa","meaning":"lip","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lippy","lipstick","lip-read","labial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mouth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"686dff92-21e9-456a-8490-db8ecfac772f","word":"lipstick","definition":"A cosmetic preparation for coloring and moisturizing the lips.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lippa + sticca","root_meaning":"lip + stick","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lipstick","meaning":"A cosmetic preparation for coloring and moisturizing the lips.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"lip","meaning":"part of the mouth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lippa","meaning":"lip","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"stick","meaning":"small piece of wood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sticca","meaning":"stick","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lip","stick","lip-balm","chapstick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"balm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cosmetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"7ac7a380-6ee4-4890-b69f-56ce6d001a79","word":"liquid","definition":"A substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"líquido","language_family":"latin","root":"liquidus","root_meaning":"fluid, moist","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wleyk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liquid","meaning":"A substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.","children":[{"era":"14th c.","word":"liquid","meaning":"liquid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"liquidus","meaning":"fluid, moist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"liquere","meaning":"to be fluid","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*wleyk-","meaning":"to flow, to run","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["liquidate","liquidity","liquor","liqueur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fluid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"runny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flowing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"4cd32bd3-914d-446f-b153-8925e6877956","word":"liquor","definition":"Alcoholic drinks, especially distilled spirits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"licor","language_family":"latin","root":"liquor","root_meaning":"a liquid, fluid","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liquor","meaning":"Alcoholic drinks.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"liquor","meaning":"A liquid.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"licour","meaning":"A liquid.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"liquor","meaning":"a liquid, fluid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"liquere","meaning":"to be fluid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["liquid","liquidate","liqueur","ubiquitous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alcohol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"booze","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"61024f08-3323-49be-9ef8-b2ad74c4a4f3","word":"lira","definition":"The former monetary unit of Italy, Turkey, and some other countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"libra","language_family":"latin","root":"libra","root_meaning":"pound (unit of weight), balance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lira","meaning":"The former monetary unit of Italy, Turkey, and some other countries.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lira","meaning":"monetary unit, pound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"libra","meaning":"pound (unit of weight)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pound","libra","equilibrium","balance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"currency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"d2cd4da6-802e-44f6-92ec-5df82191b792","word":"list","definition":"A series of items written or printed one after another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lista","language_family":"french","root":"Old French liste","root_meaning":"stripe, band, or border","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"list","meaning":"series of items","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"liste","meaning":"stripe, band, edge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lista","meaning":"stripe, band","children":[],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["listing","listed","listen","enlist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"catalogue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inventory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enumeration","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"6624feb8-d3bf-47db-bd4a-2efc97c049c5","word":"listed","definition":"Past tense of list; entered in a list or catalog; placed on a stock exchange.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hlyst","root_meaning":"hearing, listening","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"listed","meaning":"entered in a list","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"list","meaning":"border, edge, then register","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"liste","meaning":"border, edge","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["list","listing","lists","enlist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cataloged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"registered","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recorded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"a8e745e6-7175-4ef9-8d5c-ebf9ef594d1c","word":"listen","definition":"To pay attention to sound or to hear with intention.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlysnan","root_meaning":"to hear, listen","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"listen","meaning":"to pay attention to sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"listen","meaning":"to hear, pay attention","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlysnan","meaning":"to hear, listen","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["listener","listening","silent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heed","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"ed1fbd1e-1a75-4cb1-a279-67bf9a3f3565","word":"listing","definition":"A list or catalog of items, properties, or information presented in a structured format.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lyste","root_meaning":"list, border, edge","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s-1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"listing","meaning":"a list or directory","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"list","meaning":"a series of items","children":[{"era":"800s-1100s","word":"lyste","meaning":"border, edge, list","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["list","lists","listed","enlist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catalog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inventory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"ae9542f1-aa46-47f0-932b-9aa89307554b","word":"listings","definition":"Entries in a list; published descriptions of properties or services for sale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"list","root_meaning":"stripe, list","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"listings","meaning":"entries in a list","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"listing","meaning":"entry, item listed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"list","meaning":"catalog, roll","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["listing","list","listed","enlist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entries","formality":"formal"},{"word":"items","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advertisements","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"20fbb642-5344-4ba0-a021-42e6d1edac42","word":"lists","definition":"Series or records of items, names, or information arranged in rows or groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lista","root_meaning":"border, edge, or strip","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lists","meaning":"series of items or names","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"list","meaning":"border or edge, or a record","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"liste","meaning":"border, stripe, edge","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["list","listed","listing","listless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inventories","formality":"formal"},{"word":"catalogs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rosters","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"481613fd-cc0f-404e-88e0-65b1ef9a0057","word":"liter","definition":"A liter is a metric unit of volume equal to one cubic decimeter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"litro","language_family":"greek","root":"litra","root_meaning":"a coin or unit of measure","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liter","meaning":"a metric unit of volume equal to one cubic decimeter","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"litre","meaning":"the metric unit of volume","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"litra","meaning":"a measure of capacity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"litra","meaning":"a coin or unit of measure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["litre","milliliter","kiloliter","deciliter","litral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"litre","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cubic decimeter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"unit of volume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"27c073ce-a960-4301-98ee-99592b645de4","word":"literacy","definition":"The ability to read and write.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"literato","language_family":"latin","root":"littera","root_meaning":"letter, writing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical (Latin), 19th century (English coinage)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"literacy","meaning":"ability to read and write","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"literate","meaning":"able to read and write","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"litteratus","meaning":"educated, learned, able to read and write","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter, writing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["literal","literature","literate","illiteracy","obliterate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"education","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reading ability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erudition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"3bf72cd1-994b-4c68-9197-1e8e9cf6a14c","word":"literal","definition":"Literal means closely following the exact words or the plain meaning of the text.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"literal","language_family":"latin","root":"littera","root_meaning":"letter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"literal","meaning":"exact; word-for-word","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"literal","meaning":"pertaining to letters or exact wording","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"litteralis","meaning":"of letters","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["letter","literate","literacy","literalism","literally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verbatim","formality":"formal"},{"word":"explicit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"f1e9fe10-739a-4ed2-8204-f19591d32917","word":"literally","definition":"In a literal, exact, or strict sense; used to emphasize the truth of a statement (also used hyperbolically as an intensifier).","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"literalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"littera","root_meaning":"letter (of the alphabet), written character","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"literally","meaning":"in a literal sense; (intensifier)","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"literal + -ly","meaning":"according to the letter","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"literal","meaning":"of or pertaining to letters or writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"literalis","meaning":"belonging to letters or writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter of the alphabet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["literal","literate","literature","literacy","literalism","literary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exactly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strictly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"precisely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"verbatim","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"284b12f8-db5b-4fab-9cc2-00c82f2c2994","word":"literary","definition":"Concerning the writing, study, or content of literature.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"literario","language_family":"latin","root":"littera","root_meaning":"letter, writing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"literary","meaning":"Concerning literature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"literarius","meaning":"pertaining to reading or writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["literature","literate","illiteracy","literal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"written","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholarly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bookish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erudite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"0c025a5d-540d-4ac7-8df9-e1eb468a20e0","word":"literature","definition":"Written works considered to have artistic or intellectual value, or the body of written texts on a particular subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"literatura","language_family":"latin","root":"literatura","root_meaning":"writing, learning","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"literature","meaning":"written artistic works","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"literature","meaning":"writing, learning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"literatura","meaning":"writing, learning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter, character","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["literary","literati","literate","literal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"texts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"works","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"306c427f-84be-4611-8bc4-9c4b1de6eef9","word":"litigation","definition":"The process of taking legal action, especially in a court of law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"litigio","language_family":"latin","root":"litigatio","root_meaning":"a disputing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"litigation","meaning":"the process of taking legal action","children":[{"era":"15th Century","word":"litigation","meaning":"a lawsuit","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"litigatio","meaning":"a disputing","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"litigare","meaning":"to dispute, quarrel","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"lis","meaning":"strife, lawsuit","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["litigate","litigant","legal","obligation","agent","allege"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawsuit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"action","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"97627cca-3e46-4964-8bab-d537062fa561","word":"litter","definition":"Litter is loose bedding such as straw, or a scattered heap of waste or debris.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lecho","language_family":"french","root":"lectus","root_meaning":"bed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*legh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"litter","meaning":"loose bedding or scattered waste","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"litière","meaning":"beding, straw, or a litter for carrying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lectus","meaning":"bed","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*legh-","meaning":"to lie down","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["littermate","litterbug","bedlitter","literate","littering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bedding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"straw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trash","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"99822a12-e9ab-433d-9257-23378858d924","word":"little","definition":"Small in size or amount.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"litel","root_meaning":"small","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"little","meaning":"small in size","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"litel","meaning":"small","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lyt","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["littleness","littler","littlest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"small","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"diminutive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:10:12.981Z"}
{"id":"4555b5c5-5698-46ed-aac5-a37d4a8d193d","word":"live","definition":"To remain alive or to reside in a particular place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"libban","root_meaning":"to live, remain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"live","meaning":"to remain alive or reside","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"libban","meaning":"to live, remain","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*leip-","meaning":"to stick, remain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","alive","living","livelihood","lively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reside","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dwell","formality":"literary"},{"word":"exist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhabit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:10:12.981Z"}
{"id":"60533a1b-61a9-40b7-b68f-9a7f9b62dce4","word":"livelihood","definition":"The means of earning a living or supporting oneself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"livelihood","meaning":"the means of earning a living or supporting oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"live","meaning":"to be alive; to exist","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-hood","meaning":"state, condition, or quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["live","living","life","lively","lifelong"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subsistence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"means of support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"living","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"fe0caf43-c545-4452-8e17-3f37e180a701","word":"lively","definition":"Full of life and energy; active and outgoing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"liflic","root_meaning":"living, alive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lively","meaning":"Full of life and energy; active and outgoing.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"liflic","meaning":"living, alive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līf","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","live","living","quick","alive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"energetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vivacious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"active","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirited","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"f72e34c3-acea-4200-8474-dcb9e34669a3","word":"liver","definition":"A large glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lifer","root_meaning":"liver","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"liver","meaning":"glandular organ","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lifer","meaning":"liver","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","live","alive","lief"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hepatic organ","formality":"technical"},{"word":"viscera","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"873ebb41-da40-4d86-bcc7-23762c3c2522","word":"lives","definition":"The plural of life; the state of being alive or the period of existence from birth to death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vidas","language_family":"germanic","root":"libam","root_meaning":"to remain, stay","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʷeyh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lives","meaning":"multiple instances of being alive","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"life","meaning":"state of being alive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"líf","meaning":"life, body","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["life","alive","lively","livelihood","living"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existences","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lifetimes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creatures","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"ac83bd4c-6409-4875-9c35-41aff06b3496","word":"livestock","definition":"Farm animals regarded as an asset.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"live + stock","root_meaning":"living possession","root_language":"English (compound)","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"livestock","meaning":"Farm animals regarded as an asset","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"livestock","meaning":"living stock","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"live","meaning":"to live","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stock","meaning":"trunk, post, store, fund","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["living","stockade","stocking","life","stock market"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cattle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farm animals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domesticated animals","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"1c7d384c-fde7-494e-8e04-87f303d5734f","word":"living","definition":"The state of being alive or a means of obtaining money for sustenance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"libban","root_meaning":"to live, remain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leib-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"living","meaning":"state of being alive or means of subsistence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"live","meaning":"to be alive, dwell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"libban","meaning":"to remain, live","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alive","live","livelihood","lively","liver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"livelihood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subsistence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"0eaec57f-af9c-4f6e-b992-991f6faa9efb","word":"lizard","definition":"A reptile with a long body and tail, four legs, and a scaly skin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lagarto","language_family":"latin","root":"lacertus","root_meaning":"lizard, newt, muscle of the upper arm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lizard","meaning":"reptile","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"lizard","meaning":"lesard","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"lacerta","meaning":"variant of lacertus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lacertus","meaning":"lizard, muscle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alligator","lacertilian","muscle","lacerta"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reptile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gecko","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"iguana","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"71a5adbb-a00d-4251-8257-84b6d4df3933","word":"llc","definition":"A limited liability company, a business structure that provides liability protection to its owners.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"LLC","meaning":"limited liability company","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"limited","meaning":"restricted, bounded","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"liability","meaning":"state of being bound or obligated","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corporation","partnership","business structure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limited liability company","formality":"formal"},{"word":"business entity","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"7da08eeb-29c1-472c-872d-b78a9d1e03fe","word":"load","definition":"A heavy or bulky thing that is being carried; an amount of work or responsibility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlad","root_meaning":"to load, to carry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hlath-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"load","meaning":"a thing carried or burden","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"load","meaning":"a cargo, a course","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hlad","meaning":"to load, carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loaded","loader","loading","reload","unload"],"synonyms":[{"word":"burden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cargo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consignment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"5f5ed540-5f05-49e2-99b6-f813d4437cc3","word":"loaf","definition":"A loaf is a shaped mass of bread baked in one piece.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hlaibaz","root_meaning":"bread, loaf","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loaf","meaning":"a shaped mass of bread baked in one piece","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlāf","meaning":"bread; loaf","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hlaibaz","meaning":"bread, loaf","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loaves","loafer","loafing","loafed","lord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baton","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roll","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"38a8c9c4-d19f-4697-9db3-311cc75b4f0b","word":"loan","definition":"Money or property lent by one party to another with the expectation of repayment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"lán","root_meaning":"loan, gift","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*leih-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loan","meaning":"borrowed money","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"loan","meaning":"loan, lending","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"lán","meaning":"loan, gift","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loaner","lend","lender","lending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"credit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"borrowed funds","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"1593de32-6b96-49c9-bcbe-781bddfc3df5","word":"loans","definition":"Plural of loan; sums of money lent by a creditor to a borrower, typically at interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"préstamos","language_family":"norse","root":"lan","root_meaning":"to lend","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*leikw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loans","meaning":"sums of money lent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"loan","meaning":"lending, thing lent","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"lan","meaning":"to lend, loan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*leikw-","meaning":"to leave, remain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loan","lend","loaner","borrow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"credit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"advance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"borrowed money","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"d4dc1a18-c8cb-4617-a55f-7b4bd59b4379","word":"loathe","definition":"To feel intense disgust or strong aversion toward someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lāthian","root_meaning":"to be hateful, to cause disgust","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*laith-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loathe","meaning":"to feel intense disgust toward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lāthian","meaning":"to be hateful, to cause loathing","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*laithōną","meaning":"to be hostile or hateful","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*lait-","meaning":"to feel revulsion","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loathing","loathsome","loath","loathly","loathsomeness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abhor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"despise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"25370eff-de87-4a7f-b982-04d69dc7997f","word":"lobby","definition":"A hall, corridor, or waiting room at the entrance to a building, or to seek to influence a politician or public official on an issue.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"laubja-","root_meaning":"porch, arbor, shelter","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*laubja-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lobby","meaning":"entrance hall","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"lobby","meaning":"cloister, covered walk","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"lobia","meaning":"gallery, portico","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"laubja","meaning":"porch, arbor","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loggia","lodge","leaf","lounge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vestibule","formality":"formal"},{"word":"entrance hall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"9f14b781-c795-497d-8212-0754e2066bf3","word":"lobe","definition":"A rounded projecting part or division of an organ or structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lóbulo","language_family":"greek","root":"lobos","root_meaning":"lobe; husk; pod","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lobe","meaning":"a rounded projecting part or division","children":[{"era":"early 15th c.","word":"lobe","meaning":"a lobe of the liver or lungs","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"lobus","meaning":"a lobe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lobos","meaning":"lobe; husk; pod","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lobed","lobar","lobule","lobulate","earlobe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"division","formality":"formal"},{"word":"projection","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"7ed5708b-bb18-46cd-8d74-ae2154374b98","word":"lobster","definition":"A large marine crustacean with a cylindrical body, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first two of which are typically very large and pincer-like.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"langosta","language_family":"latin","root":"locusta","root_meaning":"locust, marine crustacean","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lobster","meaning":"marine crustacean","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lobster","meaning":"locusta, crab","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locusta","meaning":"locust, marine crustacean","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["locust","langosta","crayfish","crustacean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crustacean","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shellfish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"60e32200-1865-4e05-92a1-3641e47514cd","word":"local","definition":"Relating to or belonging to a particular place or neighborhood.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"local","language_family":"latin","root":"localis","root_meaning":"relating to a place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stelo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"local","meaning":"relating to a specific place","children":[{"era":"800s CE","word":"local","meaning":"relating to a place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locus","meaning":"place, spot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["locale","locally","locality","localize","location"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"neighborhood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vicinity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"5482e960-6c11-4cca-a1c0-b7cd495409a4","word":"locale","definition":"A place where something happens or is set.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"local","language_family":"latin","root":"localis","root_meaning":"of a place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"locale","meaning":"place where something happens","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"locale","meaning":"place, locality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"localis","meaning":"of a place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locus","meaning":"place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["local","locality","location","locus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"setting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"venue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"fab0cefe-4cba-483a-84f2-34f6e1685269","word":"locate","definition":"To discover the exact place or position of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"localizar","language_family":"latin","root":"locāre","root_meaning":"to place, put","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"locāre","meaning":"To place, set, arrange.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"locate","meaning":"To find the position of.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"localizar","meaning":"To locate, find.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["location","relocate","dislocate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"find","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pinpoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"situate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"55eb752c-9a08-4cd4-bbc7-8ea17e054965","word":"located","definition":"Situated or positioned at a particular place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"localizado","language_family":"latin","root":"locus","root_meaning":"place, locality","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"located","meaning":"positioned at a place","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"locate","meaning":"to place, position","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locus","meaning":"place, location","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["location","locale","local","localize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"situated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"positioned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"a7c34c7b-45b9-43d1-a26b-1656ea873be6","word":"location","definition":"A particular place, position, or site.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ubicación","language_family":"latin","root":"locare","root_meaning":"to place, set, put","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"location","meaning":"a place or position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"location","meaning":"a placing or leasing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locatio","meaning":"a placing, leasing, renting","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["locate","local","locale","localize","locus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"formal"},{"word":"site","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"0ef46732-d557-4416-8c47-f2a941bdc755","word":"locations","definition":"Specific places, positions, or sites where something is situated or found.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"locaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"locatus","root_meaning":"placed, situated","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"locations","meaning":"places or positions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"location","meaning":"a place or site","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locatio","meaning":"placing, situation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["locate","locating","location","locator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"places","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sites","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"venues","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"88746c4e-71e6-4bcd-8b09-f69aa6fab20b","word":"locator","definition":"A person or thing that locates.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"localizador","language_family":"latin","root":"locare","root_meaning":"to place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"locator","meaning":"A person or thing that locates.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locare","meaning":"to place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locus","meaning":"place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["locate","location","local","allocate","dislocate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"finder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tracker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"7ba34139-081e-44d8-b20b-086ca8b2014b","word":"loch","definition":"A lake or narrow sea inlet in Scotland or Ireland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"loch","root_meaning":"lake, body of water","root_language":"Proto-Celtic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*loku-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loch","meaning":"Scottish or Irish lake or sea inlet","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"loch","meaning":"lake, arm of the sea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"loch","meaning":"lake","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*lokus","meaning":"lake, pool","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*lókus","meaning":"lake, pool","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Celtic"}],"language":"Old Irish"}],"language":"Scottish Gaelic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lough","lake","lacus","lagoon","lagune"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tarn","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mere","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"22a64ac8-37e4-4f80-992e-d56162e59283","word":"lock","definition":"A mechanism for keeping a door, window, lid, etc., fastened, typically operated by a key.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"loc","root_meaning":"bolt, bar, fastening","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lock","meaning":"fastening mechanism","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"loc","meaning":"lock, bolt, bar, fastening","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*luk-","meaning":"to close, to lock","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["latch","locker","padlock","unlock","enclosure","closure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"bf2f42a8-8b10-47a7-ac2b-80d9678a48b5","word":"lockdown","definition":"A restriction that confines people to a building or area, especially during an emergency.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lock","root_meaning":"to fasten; to secure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lockdown","meaning":"a restriction that confines movement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lock","meaning":"to fasten or secure","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"toward a lower place; below","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lock","locked","locking","unlock","lockup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confinement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shutdown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restriction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"486d9f18-95b3-4049-b077-df2ab26c6cb2","word":"locker","definition":"A small, usually metal, cupboard or compartment in which personal belongings can be stored.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"loc","root_meaning":"a bolt, a fastening","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*luk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"locker","meaning":"A small, usually metal, cupboard or compartment for storage.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"locker","meaning":"a chest, a box","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lock","meaning":"a fastening, a bolt","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lock","unlock","locksmith","locket"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cabinet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cubby","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compartment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"storage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"1dc9d829-3f97-4a41-8f23-13b2797ed899","word":"locket","definition":"A locket is a small ornamental case, usually worn on a chain, that opens to hold a keepsake.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lock","root_meaning":"fastening; something that closes or secures","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"locket","meaning":"a small ornamental case worn on a chain","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"locket","meaning":"a small lock or clasp; later, a keepsake case","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lock","meaning":"a fastening device; something that secures an opening","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lock","padlock","locksmith","unlock","lockable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"medallion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amulet","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"6430a275-d73d-4bb2-82d1-cb4918ca9763","word":"loft","definition":"A room or space directly under the roof of a house or other building; an upper floor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"lopt","root_meaning":"air, sky, upper room","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*luftuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loft","meaning":"upper room","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"loft","meaning":"air, sky","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lopt","meaning":"air, sky, upper room","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aloft","lofty","lift","air"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uppermost room","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"e86d5816-c36e-4b29-af59-62ce37a5b9bc","word":"log","definition":"A record of events or activities; a piece of wood or timber from a felled tree.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"logge","root_meaning":"log, block of wood","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"log","meaning":"wood or record","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"log","meaning":"block of wood","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"logge","meaning":"log, block","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"loggia","meaning":"block of wood","children":[],"language":"Old Norse/Scandinavian"}],"language":"Middle English/Scandinavian"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["logger","logging","logbook","logistic","analog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wood","formality":"informal"},{"word":"register","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"e82af9db-03e5-46bb-b7ba-4da6c68d73be","word":"logged","definition":"Recorded in a log or record; cut down trees for timber.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"log","root_meaning":"a felled tree trunk; a record","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"logged","meaning":"recorded or felled","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"log","meaning":"tree trunk or record","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"log","meaning":"piece of wood","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["log","logger","logging","logs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recorded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documented","formality":"formal"},{"word":"felled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"95038121-ebe1-4dd6-9c3e-954a83675878","word":"logic","definition":"Reasoning conducted according to strict principles of validity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lógica","language_family":"greek","root":"logikē","root_meaning":"the art of reasoning","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~350 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~350 BC","word":"logikḗ (λογική)","meaning":"The art of reasoning. From logos (word, reason, discourse).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"logic","meaning":"The science of valid reasoning.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"lógica","meaning":"Logic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["logical","logistics","illogical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reasoning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rationality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sense","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"e776a699-5250-436e-b1c5-86ada82be3c3","word":"logical","definition":"Of or according to the rules of logic or formal argument; characterized by clear, sound reasoning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"lógico","language_family":"greek","root":"logikos","root_meaning":"pertaining to speech or reason","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"logical","meaning":"of or according to logic","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"logical","meaning":"logical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"logicus","meaning":"logical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"logikos","meaning":"pertaining to speech or reason","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"logos","meaning":"word, reason, discourse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legein","meaning":"to speak, to gather","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to collect, to gather; to speak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["logic","apology","dialogue","prologue","epilogue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reasonable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coherent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"ec795b39-f46d-432c-a30d-04cbf147cd01","word":"login","definition":"The action of accessing a system or account using credentials; or a username used for access.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"log in","root_meaning":"to log + in","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1960s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"login","meaning":"system access or credentials","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"log in","meaning":"to enter into a system","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"log","meaning":"record, file, computer term","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["log in","logout","username","credentials"],"synonyms":[{"word":"credentials","formality":"technical"},{"word":"access","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign in","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"6ba9f49e-b8c1-483d-80fd-c61b6a5cbc50","word":"logistics","definition":"The detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation, especially involving the movement of personnel, equipment, and supplies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"logística","language_family":"greek","root":"logistikos","root_meaning":"skilled in calculating, reasoning","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"logistics","meaning":"organization of complex operations","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"logistique","meaning":"art of calculating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"λογιστική (logistikē)","meaning":"art of calculating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"λογιστικός (logistikos)","meaning":"skilled in calculating/reasoning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"λόγος (logos)","meaning":"word, reason, reckoning","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["logic","logical","logarithm","eulogy","apology","dialogue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coordination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"management","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"57a5c4a2-bf6e-49ec-8dab-20ef66140413","word":"logo","definition":"A symbol, mark, or design that identifies a company, organization, or brand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"logos","root_meaning":"word, speech, reason","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"logo","meaning":"identifying symbol","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"logo","meaning":"word, shortened form of logotype","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"logos","meaning":"word, speech, reason","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["logotype","logos","emblem","badge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emblem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"symbol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"7696b73b-7ca0-4236-ab6d-fcbfab6bd014","word":"lollipop","definition":"A hard sweet mounted on a stick and licked while eaten.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lollipop","meaning":"a hard sweet on a stick","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"lolly","meaning":"an uncertain dialectal source, probably referring to licking or a sweet","children":[],"language":"English dialect"},{"era":"1800s","word":"pop","meaning":"an imitative element suggesting a sudden burst or snap","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lolly","lollypop","pop","loll","lollies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sucker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"candy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"a620a089-de3f-472f-b660-9c15fe8ac0d9","word":"london","definition":"The capital city of the United Kingdom and England.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Londinium","root_meaning":"the Roman settlement on the Thames","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"London","meaning":"the capital city of the United Kingdom","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"London","meaning":"the city on the Thames","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Londinium","meaning":"the Roman settlement on the Thames","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Londoner","Londonian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the capital","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"ce854dcb-c3d0-40c5-8317-3780cb42b3c1","word":"lone","definition":"Solitary; by oneself.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"solo","language_family":"latin","root":"solus","root_meaning":"alone, only","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*se-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lone","meaning":"solitary","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"alone","meaning":"by oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eall ana","meaning":"all alone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solus","meaning":"alone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alone","lonely","solitary","solitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solitary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"isolated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"single","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"07a62f3b-9637-450a-af95-d9fc098a6982","word":"lonely","definition":"Sad or dejected because of a lack of companions or company; solitary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"āna","root_meaning":"alone, only one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aina-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lonely","meaning":"feeling isolated or alone","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"lonely","meaning":"solitary, standing alone","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lone + -ly","meaning":"alone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"alone","meaning":"all + one, entirely alone","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*aina-","meaning":"one, alone","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alone","lone","loneliness","lonesome","loner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solitary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forlorn","formality":"literary"},{"word":"isolated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lonesome","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"504f1fdb-6444-425c-b3d0-bf49dfc57858","word":"loner","definition":"A loner is a person who prefers being alone or keeps apart from groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"alone","root_meaning":"all one; by oneself","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loner","meaning":"a person who prefers being alone","children":[{"era":"current","word":"lone","meaning":"solitary","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"alone","meaning":"by oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all ān","meaning":"all one","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lone","lonely","alone","lonesome","solitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recluse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"introvert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solitary person","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"35168901-5390-4c86-9c72-eb5cae67ef4c","word":"lonesome","definition":"Feeling or causing a feeling of loneliness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lone","root_meaning":"alone","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*oi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lonesome","meaning":"solitary, lonely","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"lone","meaning":"solitary (shortening of alone)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"alone","meaning":"all by oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all","meaning":"all","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"an","meaning":"one","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*oi-no-","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alone","lonely","only","solitary","forlorn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lonely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solitary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"isolated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"db42472d-e8e2-4193-adb5-6d91b4097520","word":"long","definition":"Extending or lasting for a considerable distance or time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"largo","language_family":"germanic","root":"lang","root_meaning":"long, extended","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dlonghos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"long","meaning":"extending for considerable distance or time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lang","meaning":"long, extended","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dlonghos","meaning":"long","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["length","longish","longing","prolong","along"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extended","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lengthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protracted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elongated","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:10:12.981Z"}
{"id":"c8046814-7d6a-4573-93fe-c0b97fe1924d","word":"longer","definition":"Extending for a greater distance or duration; comparative form of long.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lang","root_meaning":"long","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dlonghos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"longer","meaning":"extending greater distance or duration","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"long","meaning":"having great length","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lang","meaning":"long","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["long","length","longitude","elongate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extended","formality":"formal"},{"word":"greater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prolonged","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"1bca76ed-cab6-45fc-ad83-deec20845011","word":"longitude","definition":"The angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, or west of the standard meridian of a celestial object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"longitud","language_family":"latin","root":"longitudo","root_meaning":"length","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dlonghos-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"longitude","meaning":"The angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"longitudo","meaning":"length","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["long","elongate","prolong","length"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"span","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"44ab1d28-692c-4372-bc41-4e5d01bf1a30","word":"loo","definition":"A toilet or lavatory, often used informally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"lieu d'aisances","root_meaning":"place of ease","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loo","meaning":"a toilet","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"lieu d'aisances","meaning":"place of ease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"locus","meaning":"place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["lavatory","toilet","privy","water closet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toilet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lavatory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"WC","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"7526223b-b27c-4a3f-830c-b503b17ddef4","word":"look","definition":"To direct one's gaze toward something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"locian","root_meaning":"to see, look","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"look","meaning":"direct gaze","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"locian","meaning":"to see, look","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"loca","meaning":"enclosure","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["looking","looked","looker","looks"],"synonyms":[{"word":"see","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gaze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observe","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"29aab209-7231-4636-b8c3-6884975121f6","word":"looked","definition":"Directed the eyes toward something in order to see; past tense of look.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"locian","root_meaning":"to look, appear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*luk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"looked","meaning":"directed eyes to see","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"look","meaning":"to direct the eyes, appear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*luk-","meaning":"to close, look","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"locian","meaning":"to look, appear","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["look","looking","outlook","lookout","appearance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gazed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watched","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glanced","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"70ba7ea2-f692-4659-9d66-2583c2978517","word":"looking","definition":"Present participle of look; the act of directing one's gaze or searching for something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"look","root_meaning":"to direct one's gaze","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*luk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"looking","meaning":"directing one's gaze","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"look","meaning":"to direct the eyes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*luk-","meaning":"to look or see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["look","looks","looked","looker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gazing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viewing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"searching","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"b0b87878-3b7d-4b07-810a-9d77fffeea36","word":"lookout","definition":"A person or place from which to keep watch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"look, out","root_meaning":"to see, outside","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leugan-, *ut","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lookout","meaning":"a person or place for watching","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"look out","meaning":"to be vigilant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"look","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"outside, forth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English (verb phrase)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["look","out","outlook","looking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sentry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"watchman","formality":"neutral"},"vantage point"],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"8ab3073d-2b17-4b98-b672-e6edb5ac7aba","word":"looks","definition":"Appearances or visual impressions; or third person singular verb meaning to direct one's gaze.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"locian","root_meaning":"to look, to see","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"looks","meaning":"visual appearance or the act of seeing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"look","meaning":"to gaze, appearance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"locian","meaning":"to see, to look","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"to see, to look, to shine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["look","looker","looking","lookout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appearance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gaze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"countenance","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"68a5c145-d9be-4c0c-a857-500c1e3c07e5","word":"loop","definition":"A shape produced by a curve that bends around and crosses itself, or by a piece of string, rope, or wire that is bent into a curve with the ends crossed over but not joined.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lup","root_meaning":"bend, curve","root_language":"Low German/Dutch","root_era":"15th c.","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loop","meaning":"A shape produced by a curve that bends around and crosses itself.","children":[{"era":"15th c.","word":"loop","meaning":"loop","children":[{"era":"15th c.","word":"lup","meaning":"a loop, bend, curve","children":[],"language":"Low German/Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["looping","loopy","loophole","looper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"0d4ba8f1-5751-441a-a88b-77c67d1cd0a4","word":"loose","definition":"Not firmly or tightly fixed in place; detached or able to become detached.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lēas","root_meaning":"free, loose, false","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lausaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loose","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēas","meaning":"free, loose, false","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lausaz","meaning":"loose, free","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*lewH-","meaning":"to cut off, to detach","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lose","loosen","release","dissolution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unbound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"22a6f7a5-2b63-4701-ad7f-3c24587288d1","word":"loosen","definition":"To make or become less tight or secure; unfasten.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"loose","root_meaning":"free from restraint","root_language":"Old Norse/Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lewH- (to loosen, divide, separate)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loosen","meaning":"to make loose","children":[{"era":"Old English/Old Norse","word":"loose","meaning":"not fixed; free","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lauss","meaning":"free, unbound","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"léas","meaning":"loose, false, empty","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"-en","meaning":"verb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loose","unloose","release","slacken","looser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"untie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relax","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"bff2cb7d-eca7-47ad-b1be-410a498d7aa2","word":"loot","definition":"Goods, especially money or valuables, acquired illicitly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"lūṭ","root_meaning":"plunder, booty","root_language":"Hindi/Urdu","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loot","meaning":"Goods acquired illicitly","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"lūṭ","meaning":"plunder, booty","children":[],"language":"Hindi/Urdu"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["looter","looting","booty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plunder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spoils","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"booty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haul","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"01fa3016-9462-49af-95fb-3a7a7f8cf979","word":"lord","definition":"A person who holds high rank or authority, especially a nobleman or feudal superior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlāford","root_meaning":"loaf-keeper, bread-keeper","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lord","meaning":"person of high rank or authority","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlāford","meaning":"loaf-keeper, master of the household","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlāf","meaning":"loaf, bread","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weard","meaning":"keeper, ward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lady","lordly","lordship","overlord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nobleman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"6f876000-2a92-43dd-bae6-bd830825c646","word":"lordship","definition":"The power or authority of a lord; the territory or domain of a lord; a title of respect for a lord or a judge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlaford","root_meaning":"master of the house, bread-keeper","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lordship","meaning":"authority of a lord","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lordschipe","meaning":"position of a lord","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlafordscipe","meaning":"lordship","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlaford","meaning":"lord, master","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lord","ladyship","chieftain","dominion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dominion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereignty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authority","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"83f142fb-1681-4fa9-b2b9-b720551de8ff","word":"lorry","definition":"A large road vehicle used for carrying goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lorry","meaning":"a large road vehicle used for carrying goods","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"lurry","meaning":"to pull, tug; of uncertain origin","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lurry","lorryman","lorryload","lorry-driver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"truck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"goods vehicle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"freight truck","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"b2d53dde-0b83-4dba-850a-449da626fbbe","word":"los","definition":"Spanish definite article meaning 'the' in masculine plural form, used in English place names.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"los","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin illus","root_meaning":"that one","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"los","meaning":"the (masculine plural)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"los","meaning":"the plural masculine article","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"illus","meaning":"that one, that","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"},"related_words":["la","el","las","los Angeles"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"31aa5b27-4dd7-415e-895e-81ab2085ffe4","word":"lose","definition":"To be deprived of; to fail to win; to misplace","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"losian","root_meaning":"to perish, become lost","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lusanan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"lose","meaning":"to be deprived of; to fail to win","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"losian","meaning":"to be lost, perish","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lusanan-","meaning":"to lose, set free","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lost","losing","loser","loss","misplace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forfeit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"misplace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"e977ad0a-e407-40a9-9a33-87a3c813c473","word":"loser","definition":"A person or thing that loses, especially a game or contest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"losian","root_meaning":"to perish, lose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loser","meaning":"one who loses","children":[{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"lose","meaning":"to suffer loss","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"losian","meaning":"to perish, lose","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*leu-","meaning":"to cut off, to detach","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lose","lost","losing","loss"],"synonyms":[{"word":"underdog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"failure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ne'er-do-well","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"44dda01a-491e-43a6-808a-fe126d82fb12","word":"loss","definition":"The fact or process of losing something or someone; a decrease.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"los","root_meaning":"breaking up, dissolving","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"loss","meaning":"the act of losing","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"los","meaning":"breaking up, dissolution","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["lose","loser","lossless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deprivation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deficit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"damage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"b69ddaf1-91e5-45c8-b1ae-c0bf9f4e9265","word":"lost","definition":"Unable to find one's way; no longer possessed or in one's possession.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English losian","root_meaning":"to break up, dissolve, lose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*laus- (to break)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Lost","meaning":"unable to find way; missing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lose","meaning":"to break up, dissolve","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"losian","meaning":"to lose","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lose","loss","losing","loser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"missing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misplaced","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vanished","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"7059d111-fede-4f5c-92f9-0f9d37e9964e","word":"lot","definition":"A large number or quantity; a piece of land or a group of items sold together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlot","root_meaning":"lot, portion, share","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lot","meaning":"quantity, parcel, or allocated portion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlot","meaning":"lot, share, allotment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlot","meaning":"portion determined by chance","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allot","allotment","lots","lottery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quantity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"batch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parcel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"4aa7cc25-b7ac-4eaa-87b4-edec0c0205ec","word":"lots","definition":"Large quantities or numbers of things; parcels of land; plural of lot.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlot","root_meaning":"share, portion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hlutiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lots","meaning":"large quantities, parcels","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lot","meaning":"share, portion, object for drawing lots","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lot","allot","allotment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quantities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parcels","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"ced03aae-905b-4de0-b7b9-cda1e34e2e3f","word":"lotus","definition":"A type of aquatic plant with large, showy flowers, especially the water lily.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"loto","language_family":"greek","root":"lōtos","root_meaning":"lotus","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lotus","meaning":"An aquatic plant.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lotus","meaning":"lotus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lōtos","meaning":"lotus","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lotophagy","lotiform","lotus-eater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"water lily","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sacred lotus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"e8a35c9b-f34f-4690-bebe-859a75f902ce","word":"loud","definition":"(Of a sound) having a high volume or intensity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hlūd","root_meaning":"loud","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klutós","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loud","meaning":"(Of a sound) having a high volume or intensity.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlūd","meaning":"loud, noisy","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*hlūdaz","meaning":"loud","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loudly","loudness","listen","earloud"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noisy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earsplitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"booming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thundering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"958f01d1-99fa-40a8-894a-090ebeefeb08","word":"louis","definition":"A gold coin formerly used in France, or a variant spelling of the name Louis.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"luis","language_family":"germanic","root":"Hluowig","root_meaning":"famous warrior","root_language":"Old Germanic","root_era":"pre-500 CE","proto_root":"*hlud-*wig","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"louis","meaning":"French gold coin or the name Louis","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"louis","meaning":"gold coin of King Louis XIV","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Louis","meaning":"the king's name","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"Hluowig","meaning":"famous warrior","children":[],"language":"Old Germanic"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Louie","Louisville","Louisiana"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"currency","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.367Z"}
{"id":"1650704d-b3ea-4404-83ab-7c67daff7448","word":"louisiana","definition":"A state in the southern United States, named after French King Louis XIV.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Luisiana","language_family":"french","root":"Louis","root_meaning":"from the French king Louis XIV","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Louisiana","meaning":"U.S. state named after Louis XIV","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Louisiane","meaning":"land of Louis","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Louis","meaning":"French king Louis XIV","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Louis","Louisianan","Louisiana Purchase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Pelican State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Bayou State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"3c2ab20a-4da0-491c-a743-56e28b557204","word":"lounge","definition":"To stand, sit, or lie in a lazy, relaxed way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lounge","meaning":"To stand, sit, or lie in a lazy, relaxed way.","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leisure","relax","loaf","loiter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loaf","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"7aa60055-522d-4786-97e4-9985866a8718","word":"louse","definition":"A louse is a small parasitic insect that lives on human or animal hair or skin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*lus-","root_meaning":"louse","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"louse","meaning":"a small parasitic insect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lus","meaning":"louse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lus","meaning":"louse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lice","lousy","delouse","woodlouse","lousing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parasite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"vermin","formality":"literary"},{"word":"bug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"127f776c-f56b-4adf-aa5e-6375ff22ae4c","word":"lousy","definition":"Very bad or unpleasant.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lūs","root_meaning":"louse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lūs","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lousy","meaning":"Very bad or unpleasant.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lousig","meaning":"infested with lice; contemptible","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lūs","meaning":"louse","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["louse","lice","lousiness","lousewort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"4b7e643f-7a99-4e71-b565-ad9709de0f63","word":"lovable","definition":"Having qualities that inspire love or deep affection in others.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lufu","root_meaning":"love, affection","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lovable","meaning":"worthy of love","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"love + -able","meaning":"able to be loved (-able from Latin -abilis)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lufu","meaning":"love, affection","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*lubō","meaning":"love","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*leubh-","meaning":"to care, desire, love","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["love","lovely","beloved","lover","loving","lovably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adorable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endearing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"winsome","formality":"literary"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"8606589c-2f23-4d23-86dc-7dceac84c759","word":"love","definition":"An intense feeling of deep affection and care for someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lufu","root_meaning":"love, affection","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"love","meaning":"intense feeling of deep affection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lufe","meaning":"love, affection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leubh-","meaning":"to care, desire, love","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lovable","lover","lovely","loved","unloved"],"synonyms":[{"word":"affection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adoration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"devotion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fondness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"deb8e289-3210-4284-bb41-94d2d75bd897","word":"lovebird","definition":"A small, brightly colored parrot known for forming strong pair bonds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*lubō","root_meaning":"love","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lovebird","meaning":"a small brightly colored parrot known for strong pair bonds","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"love","meaning":"love","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lufu","meaning":"love","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lubō","meaning":"love","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leubh-","meaning":"to care for, desire, love","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bird","meaning":"bird, originally a young bird or fledgling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bridd","meaning":"young bird, fledgling","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["love","lovely","lover","bird","lovebirds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parrot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parakeet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Agapornis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"ae206163-c94d-4b60-a29c-a0dcbe0e365f","word":"lovely","definition":"Extremely beautiful or attractive; delightful and pleasing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"luflic","root_meaning":"loving, amiable","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lewbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lovely","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"luflic","meaning":"loving, amiable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lufu","meaning":"love","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["love","lover","lovable","unlovely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beautiful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delightful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"1ad9acab-07a3-448d-82af-42204bef08c9","word":"lover","definition":"A person who is in a romantic or sexual relationship with someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lufian","root_meaning":"to love","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lover","meaning":"A person in a romantic relationship","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"lovere","meaning":"one who loves","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lufian","meaning":"to love","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lubōną","meaning":"to love","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*leubh-","meaning":"to love, care","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["love","lovely","loving","beloved","loveable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admirer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"2e4130de-469a-499e-b045-36687f360625","word":"low","definition":"Of small height or situated not far above the ground.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lah","root_meaning":"lying flat","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"low","meaning":"of small height","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lah","meaning":"lying flat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lag","meaning":"lay","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lower","lowest","lowly","lowness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"short","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"base","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:10:12.981Z"}
{"id":"3479ddb0-1b76-485d-8264-5697fcc1208c","word":"lower","definition":"Situated at a smaller height or position beneath something else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"low","root_meaning":"not high, small in height","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lower","meaning":"at smaller height","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"low","meaning":"not high, small in height","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to lie, recline","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["low","lowest","lowly","lower"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beneath","formality":"formal"},{"word":"under","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inferior","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"289c7daf-c804-45ec-9ca1-5954fded1231","word":"lowest","definition":"Superlative form of low; at the least height, depth, or amount.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lag","root_meaning":"low, lying down","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*legw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lowest","meaning":"superlative of low","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"low","meaning":"not high, below a level","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lag","meaning":"low, lying down","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*legw-","meaning":"to lie, lay, be low","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["low","lower","lowly","lowness","lull"],"synonyms":[{"word":"minimal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"least","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bottom","formality":"informal"},{"word":"deepest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"d9a77f57-41b1-4c13-9a0c-433f0595f0d6","word":"lowlife","definition":"A lowlife is a contemptible, morally dubious person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lowlife","meaning":"a contemptible person","children":[{"era":"current","word":"low","meaning":"of little worth or status","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"life","meaning":"a person's existence or way of living","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["low","life","lowly","low-born","lowliness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scoundrel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creep","formality":"informal"},{"word":"degenerate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"851c19cf-6a07-483a-8ce4-6401e7de33ba","word":"loyal","definition":"Faithful to one's commitments or obligations.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"leal","language_family":"french","root":"loial","root_meaning":"legal, faithful","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loyal","meaning":"Faithful to one's commitments or obligations.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"loial","meaning":"legal, faithful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legalis","meaning":"legal, pertaining to law","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex, legis","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loyalty","legal","legislature","liege"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faithful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devoted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allegiant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"e095f155-97ea-49a8-b466-af45a7d3232b","word":"loyalty","definition":"The quality of being faithful and committed to someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lealtad","language_family":"french","root":"loialté","root_meaning":"faithfulness, allegiance","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s-1300s","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"loyalty","meaning":"faithfulness","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"loialté","meaning":"faithfulness","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"loial","meaning":"loyal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legalis","meaning":"legal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to collect, to gather; hence law","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["loyal","allegiance","legal","fealty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faithfulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fidelity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"allegiance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"b096564e-0eee-4812-af29-5446c48a87c2","word":"ltd","definition":"An abbreviation for limited, used in company names to indicate liability limitation.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"limitare","root_meaning":"to bound or restrict","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Ltd","meaning":"limited company designation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"limited","meaning":"restricted or bounded","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limitare","meaning":"to set boundaries","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limes","meaning":"boundary, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limit","limited","limitation","limitless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limited company","formality":"formal"},{"word":"restricted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"48b9fdaf-b90d-466a-b22e-675b3df6a71a","word":"lucifer","definition":"The planet Venus when it appears as a morning star, or a rebellious archangel often identified with Satan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"lux","root_meaning":"light","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lucifer","meaning":"light-bearer, morning star, Satan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Lucifer","meaning":"light-bringer, morning star","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lux","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to bear, carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["luminous","elucidate","lucid","ferry","transfer","refer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Satan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"82c47dfe-dd26-45a8-98d4-748688d930d5","word":"luck","definition":"Success or failure apparently brought by chance rather than through one's own actions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"luc","root_meaning":"happiness, good fortune","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"luck","meaning":"chance, fortune","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"luc","meaning":"happiness, good fortune","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"luk","meaning":"luck","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lucky","unlucky","fluke","jinx"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fortune","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serendipity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"dddafb01-2c7c-45a5-92d4-fba3497934d2","word":"lucky","definition":"Having, bringing, or resulting from good luck.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"luc","root_meaning":"fate, fortune","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lucky","meaning":"having good luck","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"luck","meaning":"fortune","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"luc","meaning":"fortune","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"},{"era":"13th century","word":"lukka","meaning":"fortune","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["luck","luckily","fortunate","serendipitous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fortunate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auspicious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"propitious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blessed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"4ae448fb-7fb9-41f2-96e8-134608ae4909","word":"luke","definition":"(of a liquid or food) lukewarm.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hleu","root_meaning":"warm","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*klew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"luke","meaning":"lukewarm","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lukewarme","meaning":"moderately warm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hlēow","meaning":"warm, sheltered","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lukewarm","lew","leeward","shelter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tepid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warmish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mild","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"767f54b5-85b4-4fe3-aad9-77008d234ad1","word":"lullaby","definition":"A gentle song used to soothe a child to sleep.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lullaby","meaning":"a gentle song used to soothe a child to sleep","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"lull","meaning":"to soothe to sleep; to quiet","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"early modern","word":"bye","meaning":"a soothing refrain used with children","children":[],"language":"nursery speech"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lull","lulled","lulling","lullabies","lullabying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cradlesong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"berceuse","formality":"literary"},{"word":"hushaby","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"a34235ca-be4e-4640-a8a6-4172a922edfe","word":"lumber","definition":"Lumber is rough timber sawn into boards or planks for building.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lumber","meaning":"rough timber sawn into boards or planks for building","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"lumber","meaning":"to move clumsily; later, heavy or useless things","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lami","meaning":"lame, crippled","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lumbering","lumbersome","lumberjack","lumberyard","lumberman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planks","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"c800e3bd-ecd1-4779-b4a6-543e99d67fc6","word":"lump","definition":"A compact mass of a substance, especially one without a definite or regular shape.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lump","root_meaning":"lump, mass","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lump","meaning":"A compact mass of a substance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"lump","meaning":"lump, mass","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lumpy","lumping","lumpen","clump"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hunk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"83f71c3e-b316-43a6-abdf-bf8f11b2bb75","word":"luna","definition":"The moon, especially in Latin or poetic contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"luna","language_family":"latin","root":"luna","root_meaning":"moon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"luna","meaning":"the moon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"luna","meaning":"moon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lunar","lunatic","lunate","luminary","lunula"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"satellite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Selene","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"a79477c0-e5e8-4cef-a8f1-43f650aa2e66","word":"lunar","definition":"Relating to the Moon.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"lunar","language_family":"latin","root":"lūna","root_meaning":"moon","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lewk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lunar","meaning":"of or relating to the Moon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lūnāris","meaning":"of the Moon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lūna","meaning":"moon","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*lewk-","meaning":"light, shine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["luna","lunatic","lunation","lunary","interlunar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moonlike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"selenic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"lunary","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"c7cadf9f-7f53-48cb-8c8d-5ad140bf2d21","word":"lunatic","definition":"A person who is mentally ill (offensive term); formerly, a person affected by a supposed influence of the moon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lunático","language_family":"latin","root":"lunaticus","root_meaning":"moonstruck, insane","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lunatic","meaning":"mentally ill (formerly moon-influenced)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lunaticus","meaning":"moonstruck, insane","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"luna","meaning":"moon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lunar","lunate","lunation","sublunary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"madman","formality":"informal"},{"word":"insane person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maniac","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"b4b499b4-1526-4c7f-ad1c-21b2cc8879ef","word":"lunch","definition":"A midday meal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"luncheon","root_meaning":"light meal","root_language":"english","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lunch","meaning":"midday meal","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"luncheon","meaning":"light meal","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["luncheon","lunchbox","brunch","dinner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"midday meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"light meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brunch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"119a80e8-5d8d-4d36-a062-40eaff7d9cf3","word":"lung","definition":"Each of the pair of organs situated within the rib cage, consisting of elastic sacs with branching passages into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lunga","root_meaning":"lung","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lungʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lung","meaning":"Respiratory organ","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lunga","meaning":"Lung","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lunguz","meaning":"Lung (from PIE *lungʷ- 'light')","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*lungʷ-","meaning":"Light (in weight), lung","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["light (weight)","lungs","lungful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pulmonary organ","formality":"technical"},{"word":"respiratory organ","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"65b52449-9df4-411f-aac0-d6d4f01fbb53","word":"lupin","definition":"A lupin is a plant in the genus Lupinus, especially one with tall flowering spikes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lupino","language_family":"latin","root":"lupus","root_meaning":"wolf","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wl̥kʷos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lupin","meaning":"a flowering plant in the genus Lupinus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lupinus","meaning":"wolfish; of wolves","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lupus","meaning":"wolf","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*wl̥kʷos","meaning":"wolf","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lupine","Lupinus","lupinine","lupinous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lupine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wolf bean","formality":"informal"},{"word":"garden lupin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"7178b867-4768-4b0b-ab7d-4ab33c099b24","word":"lure","definition":"To tempt (a person or an animal) to do something or to go somewhere, especially by offering some form of reward.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"luodr","root_meaning":"bait, trap, decoy","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lure","meaning":"to tempt or attract","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"leurre","meaning":"falconer's lure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"luodr","meaning":"bait","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["allurement","allure","decoy","enticement","bait"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tempt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attract","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"d9cbe535-c465-4126-b516-79eb6af864dd","word":"lush","definition":"Characterized by rich abundance or luxuriant growth; in slang, it can also mean intoxicated with alcohol.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lush","meaning":"richly abundant; luxuriant; also slang, intoxicated","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lushly","lushness","lushy","lushes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"luxuriant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rich","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abundant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opulent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"c77cc8f9-be75-477f-ba6f-d85ccb88b091","word":"lust","definition":"Intense sexual desire or appetite.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"lust","root_meaning":"pleasure, desire, delight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lustuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lust","meaning":"intense sexual desire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lust","meaning":"pleasure, desire, delight","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lustuz","meaning":"pleasure, desire","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*les-","meaning":"to gather, pick, be glad","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lusty","lustful","list (archaic)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yearning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"0a40f096-26a6-4b56-8b25-33eb5c697e73","word":"lux","definition":"Lux is a unit of illumination equal to one lumen per square meter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"luz","language_family":"latin","root":"lux","root_meaning":"light","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lux","meaning":"a unit of illumination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lux","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"light, brightness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lucid","lucent","luminous","illumination","light"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illumination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brightness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"96c579a6-f6aa-4f45-bc12-504df27aa240","word":"luxury","definition":"The state of great comfort and expensive or beautiful surroundings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lujo","language_family":"latin","root":"luxus","root_meaning":"excess, softness, indulgence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"luxury","meaning":"state of great comfort","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"luxurie","meaning":"excess, lust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"luxus","meaning":"excess, indulgence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["luxurious","luxuriate","luxe","uxorious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opulence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indulgence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"7929c013-a370-4bf9-83c0-e6307c2ecb7b","word":"lynn","definition":"A pool, especially one below a waterfall, or a waterfall itself, often found in place names.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"llyn","root_meaning":"lake, pool","root_language":"Welsh","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lynn","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"llyn","meaning":"lake, pool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leinn","meaning":"pool","children":[],"language":"Old Irish"}],"language":"Welsh"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"pool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tarn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waterfall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cascade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"ac36962b-3c51-4da7-8753-55c03056eeac","word":"lyric","definition":"A type of poetry expressing personal emotions, or the words of a song.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lírica","language_family":"greek","root":"lyrikos","root_meaning":"of or for the lyre","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~600 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 BC","word":"lyrikós (λυρικός)","meaning":"Of or pertaining to the lyre. From lyra (lyre).","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"lyric","meaning":"A type of poem or song words.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"lírica","meaning":"Lyric poetry.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["lyrical","lyrics","lyre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"verse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"song words","formality":"informal"},{"word":"poetry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"75b7e626-24f6-46e8-9ab9-e5a3d16173e5","word":"lyrics","definition":"The words or text of a song, as opposed to the music.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lírica","language_family":"greek","root":"lyricos","root_meaning":"of the lyre, sung to the lyre","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"lyrics","meaning":"words of a song","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"lyric","meaning":"words of a song, suitable for singing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lyrikos","meaning":"of the lyre, sung to the lyre","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lyra","meaning":"stringed musical instrument","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lyric","lyrical","lyre","lyricist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"words","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"text","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"libretto","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"76df5946-b33b-45ec-b0ba-03c305a72729","word":"mac","definition":"Short for Macintosh, a personal computer brand, or mackintosh, a type of waterproof coat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Macintosh","root_meaning":"a type of apple or computer","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mac","meaning":"personal computer or waterproof coat","children":[{"era":"1984","word":"Macintosh","meaning":"personal computer line","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"Mac","meaning":"Macintosh computer","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Macintosh","mackintosh","mac-compatible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Apple computer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"raincoat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"1f0e123a-ed18-4116-b04b-381d082965d6","word":"macaroni","definition":"A tube-shaped pasta, or a dish made from it, originally associated with Italy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"macarrón","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"macaroni","meaning":"tube-shaped pasta; also a historical slang term for a dandy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"southern Italian dialectal maccaroni","meaning":"name of a pasta made with flour, cheese, and butter","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"maccare","meaning":"to bruise, batter, crush","children":[],"language":"Southern Italian dialect"},{"era":"classical/late antiquity","word":"makaria","meaning":"barley food","children":[],"language":"Late Greek"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["macaroon","macaronic","maccheroni","macaroni-style"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pasta","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noodles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maccheroni","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"1f8a3b31-f318-4b88-ad8c-479de7468140","word":"machine","definition":"A device consisting of fixed and moving parts that performs a specific function.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"máquina","language_family":"greek","root":"makhana","root_meaning":"contrivance, device","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"machine","meaning":"device with moving parts","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"machine","meaning":"device, contrivance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"machina","meaning":"device, engine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"makhana","meaning":"contrivance, engine","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["machinery","mechanic","mechanical","machinist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contraption","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"125b30ca-eb6c-4819-b8f1-07eb9a9cd9ea","word":"machinery","definition":"Machines or machine systems collectively; the components of a machine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maquinaria","language_family":"french","root":"machina","root_meaning":"machine, contrivance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"machinery","meaning":"Machines or machine systems collectively","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"machinerie","meaning":"machine, construction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"machina","meaning":"machine, contrivance, engine","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"mekhanē","meaning":"device, contrivance","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["machine","mechanical","mechanic","mechanism","machination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mechanism","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"c4a46c6f-a3f4-49fa-b3a2-50fd951ad922","word":"machines","definition":"Plural of machine; devices or apparatuses designed to perform a specific task or function.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"máquinas","language_family":"greek","root":"machana","root_meaning":"engine, device","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"machines","meaning":"mechanical devices","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"machine","meaning":"mechanical device","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"machine","meaning":"device, apparatus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"machina","meaning":"engine, device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"machane","meaning":"engine, contrivance","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["machine","machinery","machinist","mechanical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"equipment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"5b576273-663e-42cf-a4ef-c0624e190fbe","word":"macho","definition":"Displaying or emphasizing aggressive masculinity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"macho","language_family":"latin","root":"masculus","root_meaning":"male","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"macho","meaning":"displaying or emphasizing aggressive masculinity","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"macho","meaning":"male animal; masculine, virile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"masculus","meaning":"male; masculine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["machismo","masculine","masculinity","male"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"masculine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"a4f7ea49-39df-4e9b-bf61-ab8cd233cd14","word":"mack","definition":"To act as a pimp or to charm someone, especially for sexual purposes.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"mack","root_meaning":"pimp, stylish person (from macaroni as a foppish person)","root_language":"English (slang)","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mack","meaning":"To act as a pimp or to charm someone, especially for sexual purposes.","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"mack","meaning":"shortening of 'macaroni' (a foppish person) or directly from 'pimp'","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["macker","macking","macaroni"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flirt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woo","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"2ebec8a7-b5f4-4027-9214-18470657533d","word":"mackerel","definition":"A swift, metallic-blue marine fish (Scomber scombrus) with dark wavy bands on its back, widely caught and eaten in temperate Atlantic waters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"macarela","language_family":"french","root":"maquerel","root_meaning":"mackerel fish; the Old French word also carried slang meaning 'broker' or 'go-between,' possibly applied to the fish for escorting herring schools","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mackerel","meaning":"edible marine fish","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"makerel","meaning":"the fish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maquerel","meaning":"mackerel","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"macarellus","meaning":"mackerel","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mackerel sky","mackerel shark","holy mackerel","Scomber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Atlantic mackerel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scomber","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tinker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"68fe7c06-6934-4c6f-a8d8-f2f871b28d05","word":"macro","definition":"A single instruction that expands automatically into a set of instructions to perform a particular task.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"makros","root_meaning":"long, large","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh₂k-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"macro","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"makros","meaning":"long, large","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*meh₂k-","meaning":"long, slender","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["macroscopic","marathon","macrocosm","macroeconomics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"program","formality":"technical"},{"word":"routine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"command","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"efe815e0-7461-4b88-83ef-0951de75ea9a","word":"mad","definition":"Mentally ill; insane.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gemæd","root_meaning":"senseless, foolish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*maidwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mad","meaning":"Mentally ill; insane.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemæd","meaning":"senseless, foolish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*maidwo-","meaning":"mad, crazy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["madness","maze","amaze","madden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crazy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"deranged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"furious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"7eaa2f8d-921c-453a-8763-c6fba5b41969","word":"madame","definition":"A respectful form of address for a woman, especially a married or older woman, borrowed directly from French meaning 'my lady.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"ma dame","root_meaning":"my lady","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dʰem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"madame","meaning":"respectful title for a woman","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ma dame","meaning":"my lady","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"domina","meaning":"mistress, lady of the house","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"domus","meaning":"house","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dame","madam","madonna","domina","domain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ma'am","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lady","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mistress","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"a350ccb0-ce3f-4797-b5c2-bc7df3ddce27","word":"made","definition":"Past tense of make; created or constructed something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"makian","root_meaning":"to make, to do","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"made","meaning":"created or constructed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"made","meaning":"made, created","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"makian","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["make","maker","making","made-up"],"synonyms":[{"word":"created","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"built","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constructed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"manufactured","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"233b4572-72e7-4dc5-ae96-f29327d46c3d","word":"madeline","definition":"A small shell-shaped sponge cake from France.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Madeleine","root_meaning":"Magdalene","root_language":"French","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"madeline","meaning":"A small shell-shaped sponge cake from France.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"madeleine","meaning":"A small cake, possibly named after a pastry cook.","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Madeleine","meaning":"Magdalene, a feminine given name.","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"Magdalēnē","meaning":"From Magdala, a town on the Sea of Galilee.","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French (personal name)"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Magdalene","Magdalen","maudlin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cookie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"44fc002e-9042-4487-b7eb-0250b37a0e6c","word":"mademoiselle","definition":"An unmarried French woman, a title or form of address for such a woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"demoiselle","root_meaning":"young lady","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mademoiselle","meaning":"unmarried French woman","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"mademoiselle","meaning":"young lady, miss","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ma","meaning":"my","children":[],"language":"French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"demoiselle","meaning":"young lady","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"domina","meaning":"mistress, lady","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["madame","damsel","dominatrix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maiden","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"0d4aa459-37f0-4d6d-8804-f2780c2eb4eb","word":"madly","definition":"Madly means in a crazy, wild, or intensely fervent manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gemǣd","root_meaning":"mad, foolish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"madly","meaning":"in a crazy or intense manner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mad","meaning":"insane, foolish, or violently angry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemǣd","meaning":"mad, foolish","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix from 'in manner of'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-līċe","meaning":"adverbial suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mad","madness","madman","maddening","madcap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crazily","formality":"informal"},{"word":"wildly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insanely","formality":"informal"},{"word":"frantically","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"b457c794-3ce0-464c-8c5d-0c0a402f41a7","word":"madman","definition":"A man who is insane or behaves in a wild, irrational way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mæd","root_meaning":"insane","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*maid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"madman","meaning":"insane man","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"madman","meaning":"insane man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mad","meaning":"insane","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"human","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["madness","maniac","madly","manful","crazed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lunatic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maniac","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deranged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psycho","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"79e10a39-5274-42c5-9206-f2da930c3847","word":"madness","definition":"The state of being mentally ill, especially severely; extreme folly or irrationality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mæd","root_meaning":"insane, foolish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"madness","meaning":"state of being insane","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"mad","meaning":"insane, foolish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemǣd","meaning":"crazy, foolish","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"state, quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mad","madden","crazy","insanity","mania"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insanity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lunacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frenzy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delirium","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"231e2e4a-d1fa-457f-8415-d2d82f46a09a","word":"maestro","definition":"A distinguished musician, especially a conductor of classical music; a master of an art.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maestro","language_family":"latin","root":"magister","root_meaning":"master, chief","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg- (great)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maestro","meaning":"master (especially musician)","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"maestro","meaning":"master","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magister","meaning":"master, chief","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["master","magistral","magistrate","mister","mistress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtuoso","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"29101cbe-f691-497c-b228-71899e8c0adc","word":"mafia","definition":"An organized international body of criminals, operating originally in Sicily.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mafia","language_family":"other","root":"mafiusu","root_meaning":"bold, swaggering, boastful","root_language":"Sicilian","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mafia","meaning":"An organized criminal body","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"mafia","meaning":"organized crime group","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"mafiusu","meaning":"bold, swaggering","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"mahfil","meaning":"assembly, gathering place","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Sicilian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mob","gang","syndicate","organization","crime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"syndicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mob","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gang","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"fd771cbf-50e3-422d-b32d-4d8753c3082f","word":"magazine","definition":"A periodical publication containing articles, photographs, and advertisements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"revista","language_family":"french","root":"magasin","root_meaning":"storehouse, warehouse","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magazine","meaning":"periodical publication","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"magazine","meaning":"monthly or periodical publication","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"magasin","meaning":"storehouse, warehouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"makhzan","meaning":"warehouse, storehouse","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magasin","ammunition magazine","magazine rack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"publication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"periodical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"journal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zine","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"f20a7a97-a13d-4c60-9e4b-cd95d0ea31ee","word":"magazines","definition":"Plural of magazine; periodical publications or storage chambers for ammunition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"revistas","language_family":"french","root":"magasin","root_meaning":"storehouse","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magazines","meaning":"periodicals or storage chambers","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"magazine","meaning":"a periodical publication","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"magasin","meaning":"a storehouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"makhzan","meaning":"storehouse or treasury","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magazine","magenta","store","warehouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"periodicals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"journals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publications","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"3092f0ff-04ed-43da-a441-c3fc4fafc90c","word":"maggot","definition":"A maggot is the soft, legless larva of a fly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maggot","meaning":"a fly larva","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maggots","maggoty","maggotiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"larva","formality":"technical"},{"word":"grub","formality":"informal"},{"word":"worm","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"ff2d3cde-482a-4a77-b807-4d7a9f966251","word":"magic","definition":"The practice of using supernatural powers or illusions to produce effects beyond natural laws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"magia","language_family":"greek","root":"mageia","root_meaning":"the practice of the Magi, sorcery","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"magic","meaning":"sorcery, supernatural art","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"magique","meaning":"magical, of sorcery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mageia","meaning":"practice of the Magi, sorcery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magos","meaning":"magus, sorcerer","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["magical","magician","magically","mage","magus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sorcery","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wizardry","formality":"literary"},{"word":"enchantment","formality":"literary"},{"word":"illusion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"a5e08b95-4691-4134-b3be-b7b30c5e921f","word":"magical","definition":"Possessing or using magic.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mágico","language_family":"greek","root":"magikos","root_meaning":"magical, pertaining to magic","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magical","meaning":"Possessing or using magic","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"magicien","meaning":"magician","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magia","meaning":"magic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magike","meaning":"magic","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magic","magician","mystify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enchanting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wondrous","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"f5e61f4e-7feb-440b-9e66-f74d59abaa18","word":"magician","definition":"A person who performs tricks of illusion and sleight of hand for entertainment; also, a person with magical powers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mago","language_family":"greek","root":"magos","root_meaning":"magus, sorcerer","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magician","meaning":"Performer of magic tricks.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"magicien","meaning":"magician","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magicus","meaning":"magical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μαγικός (magikos)","meaning":"magical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μάγος (magos)","meaning":"magus, sorcerer","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magic","magical","magus","enchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conjurer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wizard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illusionist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"1df31f46-7dfc-4d19-8fb0-8e057014618f","word":"magistrate","definition":"A civil officer who administers the law, especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"magistrado","language_family":"latin","root":"magistratus","root_meaning":"master, chief, public official","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magistrate","meaning":"a civil officer who administers the law","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"magistrat","meaning":"magistrate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magistratus","meaning":"magistracy, public office, magistrate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magister","meaning":"master, chief","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*meg-","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["master","magisterial","major","mayor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"judge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"justice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjudicator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"cac996be-1067-4189-9702-271a62d6bf28","word":"magnetic","definition":"Having the properties of a magnet; able to attract iron or steel.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"magnético","language_family":"greek","root":"Magnēs lithos","root_meaning":"Magnesian stone","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Magnetic","meaning":"having properties of a magnet","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"magnétique","meaning":"magnetic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magneticus","meaning":"magnetic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Magnētikos","meaning":"of a magnet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Magnēs","meaning":"magnet, from Magnesia","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magnet","magnetism","magnetization","electromagnet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attractive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alluring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"9683ad07-ba2d-4e1a-bb1d-9f96d6580122","word":"magnificent","definition":"Impressively beautiful, elaborate, or extravagant; splendid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"magnífico","language_family":"latin","root":"magnificus","root_meaning":"great in action, noble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magnificent","meaning":"Impressively beautiful...","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"magnificent","meaning":"magnificent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnificus","meaning":"great in action, noble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnus","meaning":"great","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*megʰ-","meaning":"great, large","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to set, to put","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magnify","magnitude","majestic","grandeur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"splendid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glorious","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"8da09df3-a65a-4fa3-a4ac-adb73825af18","word":"magnitude","definition":"The great size or extent of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"magnitud","language_family":"latin","root":"magnitudo","root_meaning":"greatness, size","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magnitude","meaning":"great size","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"magnitude","meaning":"greatness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnitudo","meaning":"greatness, size","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnus","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magnify","magnificent","magnate","majesty","magnum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"size","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grandeur","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"34d06291-4f0a-4a4e-9429-ac04f3483a5d","word":"magnum","definition":"A large bottle, especially for wine, typically twice the standard size; also, a powerful firearm cartridge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"magno","language_family":"latin","root":"magnus","root_meaning":"great, large","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"magnum","meaning":"a large bottle or cartridge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnum","meaning":"great thing (neuter of magnus)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnus","meaning":"great, large","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*meǵ-","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magnificent","magnate","magnify","magnitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"large","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oversize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"4099a4d9-4d9b-44f5-a8b0-204e67291bdd","word":"maid","definition":"A female domestic servant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mægden","root_meaning":"unmarried woman, virgin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*magʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maid","meaning":"female servant","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"maide","meaning":"virgin, girl","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mægden","meaning":"maiden, virgin","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*magadin","meaning":"young girl","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*magʰ-","meaning":"young person","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maiden","girl","boy","virgin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"servant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domestic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handmaid","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"c21287ad-f49b-43b8-ac25-5c8ce302fab8","word":"maiden","definition":"An unmarried girl or young woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mægden","root_meaning":"young unmarried woman","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*maghe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maiden","meaning":"unmarried girl","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mægden","meaning":"unmarried woman, virgin","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*magadin","meaning":"young girl","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*maghe-","meaning":"young person","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maid","girl","maidenly","maidenhead","spinster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"girl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"virgin","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"77b51a62-91ae-4a63-81b9-cca3c311d91a","word":"mail","definition":"Letters and parcels sent by postal service or electronic communication.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"malla","language_family":"germanic","root":"mael","root_meaning":"pouch, wallet, mail","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mail","meaning":"postal items or messages","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mail","meaning":"travel bag, wallet","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"male","meaning":"bag, wallet, pouch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mael","meaning":"pouch","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mailing","mailbox","mailed","email","snail mail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"correspondence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"messages","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"4c631c39-b3c4-4446-9883-d2bf065ac41b","word":"mailing","definition":"The process of sending something by mail; or a mass distribution of promotional materials.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"envío","language_family":"french","root":"maille","root_meaning":"bag, wallet","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mailing","meaning":"process of sending by mail","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mail","meaning":"bag, pouch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maille","meaning":"bag, wallet","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mail","mailed","mailer","postal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sending","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shipment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distribution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"4aa3c9f1-efe3-4614-9b5e-aab53295562f","word":"mailman","definition":"A person employed to deliver and collect mail.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"male","root_meaning":"bag, wallet, pack","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*malho","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mailman","meaning":"a person who delivers mail","children":[{"era":"17th Century","word":"mail","meaning":"letters or parcels conveyed by a postal system","children":[{"era":"12th Century","word":"male","meaning":"bag, wallet, pack","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"man","meaning":"a human being","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mailbag","mailbox","postman","mailcarrier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"postman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"letter carrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mail carrier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"28811fb9-b2c2-4555-a1d2-fa6a2acebb63","word":"main","definition":"Of chief importance; principal or most significant.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"megin","root_meaning":"strength, power, might","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*magina-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"main","meaning":"principal, most important","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"main","meaning":"great, mighty","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"megin","meaning":"strength, might","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mainly","mainstay","maintain","major"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"primary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chief","formality":"formal"},{"word":"primary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"9cd03c29-1361-450a-bdd6-5e34ab2de58b","word":"maine","definition":"A state in the northeastern United States, or historically meaning mainland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Maine","root_meaning":"mainland, province in France","root_language":"French","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Maine","meaning":"U.S. state","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Maine","meaning":"mainland, French province","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Maine","meaning":"mainland territory","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mainland","mainlandish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"cf8289a9-0348-43b5-b94d-3ad8f7e903d8","word":"mainframe","definition":"A large central computer that performs core processing for an organization or network.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mainframe","meaning":"central computer","children":[{"era":"current","word":"main","meaning":"principal; chief","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"frame","meaning":"structure; framework","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["main","frame","framework","reframe","mainframe computer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"central computer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"host computer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"central processor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"3a3dddb8-265b-47c7-88e7-3d05f720f08f","word":"mainland","definition":"A large continuous extent of land that includes the greater part of a country or territory, as opposed to offshore islands and dependencies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"main","root_meaning":"chief, principal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mainland","meaning":"principal land mass","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"main","meaning":"strength, might, chief","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land, territory","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["main","land","maine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"continent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terra firma","formality":"literary"},{"word":"main","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"5ef71d0a-0b41-41a5-b30f-58194196b35c","word":"mainstream","definition":"The ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mægen","root_meaning":"power, strength","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*maginą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mainstream","meaning":"Conventional ideas or activities","children":[{"era":"17th century (literal), 20th century (figurative)","word":"main stream","meaning":"chief current of a river; dominant trend","children":[{"era":"current","word":"main","meaning":"principal, chief","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mægen","meaning":"strength, power","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"stream","meaning":"a small narrow river","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stream","meaning":"a current of water","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English (compound)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["main","stream","mainland","headstream"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conventional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orthodox","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dominant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"2a7b8bdc-26ee-4b39-a671-86f82b28f97f","word":"maintain","definition":"Keeps something in good condition or continues to preserve.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mantener","language_family":"french","root":"manu tenere","root_meaning":"to hold in hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maintain","meaning":"keeps in good condition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maintain","meaning":"to support, sustain","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"maintenir","meaning":"to hold, support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manu tenere","meaning":"to hold in hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maintenance","maintain","maintainable","maintained","maintainer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preserves","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sustains","formality":"formal"},{"word":"keeps up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"0a58612f-8dbb-466d-a55a-3684c0081f8a","word":"maintained","definition":"Kept in proper condition or continued in existence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mantenido","language_family":"latin","root":"maintain","root_meaning":"to hold in hand or keep","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*man- (hand); *tenere (to hold)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maintained","meaning":"kept up or continued","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maintain","meaning":"to keep, uphold","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maintenir","meaning":"to hold, keep","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manu tenere","meaning":"to hold in hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maintain","maintenance","maintainer","maintaining","maintained"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preserved","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kept","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retained","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"45bbb772-adc6-4cbe-8ba2-e89f73e79cb1","word":"maintenance","definition":"The process of preserving or keeping something in good condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mantenimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"manutenentia","root_meaning":"support or upkeep","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maintenance","meaning":"upkeep or preservation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"maintenance","meaning":"support, upkeep","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"maintenance","meaning":"upkeep, support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manutenentia","meaning":"manu- (by hand) + tenere (to hold)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maintain","maintained","maintainable","maintainer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upkeep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preservation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"servicing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"care","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"aab8fe6c-e612-4f0a-a53e-698362d0cda5","word":"majestic","definition":"Majestic means having a grand, stately, or royal quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"majestad","language_family":"latin","root":"maiestās","root_meaning":"greatness; dignity; sovereignty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meǵh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"majestic","meaning":"having a grand, stately, or royal quality","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"majesty","meaning":"greatness, dignity, or royal authority","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"majesté","meaning":"greatness; dignity; lordly state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maiestās","meaning":"greatness; dignity; sovereignty","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*meǵh₂-","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["majesty","majestical","majestically","majesty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnificent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"9bc8f1ef-45bb-488c-94cc-21c0bf795a72","word":"majesty","definition":"Impressive grandeur, beauty, or dignity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"majestad","language_family":"latin","root":"maiestas","root_meaning":"greatness, dignity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"majesty","meaning":"Impressive grandeur, beauty, or dignity.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"maieste","meaning":"greatness, dignity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maiestas","meaning":"greatness, dignity, sovereignty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maior","meaning":"greater","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*mag-","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["major","magnificent","magnate","magnify","majestic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grandeur","formality":"formal"},{"word":"splendor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dignity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"b3c1e87a-83e9-42f9-b812-c8b70a38d767","word":"major","definition":"Greater in importance, seriousness, or significance; principal or primary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mayor","language_family":"latin","root":"maior","root_meaning":"greater, larger","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"major","meaning":"of greater importance or size","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"major","meaning":"greater, principal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"major","meaning":"greater, larger, principal","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*meg-","meaning":"great, mighty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["majority","majors","majorly","majordomo","major-domo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"significant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substantial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paramount","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"7383ce63-4d8c-4793-88af-38247d473fbb","word":"majority","definition":"The greater number or part; the age at which a person is legally considered an adult.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mayoría","language_family":"latin","root":"major","root_meaning":"greater","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg- (great)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"majority","meaning":"greater number or adulthood","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"majority","meaning":"the greater part","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"majorité","meaning":"superiority, greater number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maior","meaning":"greater, superior","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["major","majors","majority rule","majority vote","major league"],"synonyms":[{"word":"most","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greater number","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bulk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plurality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"732014ad-2a3e-494f-a19e-e890c78a7348","word":"make","definition":"To produce, create, or construct something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"makian","root_meaning":"to fit, prepare","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"make","meaning":"to produce or create","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"makian","meaning":"to fit, prepare, make","children":[{"era":"pre-classical","word":"*mag-","meaning":"to knead, fit, join","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maker","making","made","remake","makeover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"create","formality":"formal"},{"word":"produce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"build","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"construct","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"ff2ed09c-381e-49f2-b01e-728458758c3e","word":"makeover","definition":"A major change in appearance or style, especially of a person's look.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"makeover","meaning":"a major change in appearance or style","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"make","meaning":"to make, construct, or prepare","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*makōną","meaning":"to make, fit, prepare","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above, across, or beyond","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*uberaz","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["make over","make-over","makeovers","revamp","facelift"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revamp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facelift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transformation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"cd0bf496-a2a4-482a-af25-06f005c784df","word":"makes","definition":"Creates, produces, or causes something to happen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"hace","language_family":"germanic","root":"macian","root_meaning":"to make, to prepare","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"makes","meaning":"creates, produces","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"make","meaning":"to make","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"macian","meaning":"to prepare","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["make","maker","making","remake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creates","formality":"formal"},{"word":"produces","formality":"formal"},{"word":"builds","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"83631751-dc2a-443d-836e-ef38fa0f82e6","word":"makeup","definition":"The cosmetic products applied to the face to enhance or alter the appearance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"macian, upp","root_meaning":"to create, form; upwards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mag-, *upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"makeup","meaning":"The cosmetic products applied to the face to enhance or alter the appearance.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"make","meaning":"to create, form","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["make","maker","making","made","upkeep","upper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cosmetics","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enhancements","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paint","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"f359c3f4-24da-4369-ae65-5ab36fdf04cd","word":"making","definition":"The process or action of producing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"macian","root_meaning":"to make","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"making","meaning":"the process of producing","children":[{"era":"current","word":"make","meaning":"to produce or create","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"macian","meaning":"to make, construct","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["make","maker","makings","remake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"production","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manufacture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"e51f5df9-8850-4322-ad2a-0269feb2e7e8","word":"mal","definition":"Bad; evil; ill. Often used as a prefix indicating something wrong or faulty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mal","language_family":"latin","root":"malus","root_meaning":"bad, evil, ugly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mal","meaning":"bad, ill","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"mal","meaning":"bad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"malus","meaning":"bad, evil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["malice","malign","dismal","malady","malpractice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"6732f331-3cc6-4e62-94f5-b5714202a760","word":"male","definition":"Of or relating to the sex that produces sperm; characteristic of men or boys.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"macho","language_family":"latin","root":"masculus","root_meaning":"masculine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"male","meaning":"of masculine sex","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"male","meaning":"masculine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"masculus","meaning":"masculine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["masculine","maledom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masculine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"manly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"4679f6b5-8430-46c2-a5e2-bc1f7c4bcfb8","word":"malfunction","definition":"Faulty operation or failure to function.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"function","root_meaning":"performance; carrying out a duty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"malfunction","meaning":"faulty operation or failure to function","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mal-","meaning":"bad; wrong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"malus","meaning":"bad; evil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"function","meaning":"performance; carrying out a duty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fungi","meaning":"to perform; discharge a duty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["function","functional","functioning","dysfunction","misfunction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breakdown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dysfunction","formality":"technical"},{"word":"failure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"eb61d6cc-6b53-48ed-bf66-46cdab89e9fc","word":"malicious","definition":"Malicious means having or showing a deliberate intent to harm or annoy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"malicioso","language_family":"latin","root":"malus","root_meaning":"bad, evil","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"malicious","meaning":"having or showing a deliberate intent to harm or annoy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"malicious","meaning":"full of malice, spiteful","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"malicieux","meaning":"malicious, wicked","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"malitiosus","meaning":"full of malice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"malitia","meaning":"malice, wickedness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"malus","meaning":"bad, evil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["malice","malign","malevolent","maliciously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"malevolent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vicious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spiteful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"ff2b61cd-a2e7-499a-b107-940edd7c9e5c","word":"malpractice","definition":"Improper, illegal, or negligent professional activity or treatment, especially by a medical practitioner, lawyer, or public official.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mala práctica","language_family":"latin","root":"malus (Latin) + praktikos (Greek)","root_meaning":"bad (Latin) + practical, fit for action (Greek)","root_language":"Latin, Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mel-, *per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"malpractice","meaning":"improper professional conduct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mal-","meaning":"bad","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1400s","word":"practice","meaning":"an action, a performance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praktikos","meaning":"practical","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["malfeasance","malady","practical","practiced","practitioner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"negligence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misconduct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dereliction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"c0737ab7-cacb-4b34-a104-eced175279ce","word":"malt","definition":"Grain, typically barley, that has been steeped, germinated, and dried for use in brewing or distilling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*maltą","root_meaning":"softened grain, that which has been melted or steeped","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meld-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"malt","meaning":"processed germinated grain for brewing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mealt","meaning":"malt, steeped grain","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*maltą","meaning":"softened grain","children":[{"era":"4000–2500 BCE","word":"*meld-","meaning":"soft, to soften, to melt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["malted","malting","maltose","malt-house","malster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"kiln-dried barley","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"8406fe02-afb7-48f6-a300-d6120f6f9b89","word":"mambo","definition":"A Latin American dance similar to the rumba.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mambo","language_family":"other","root":"mambu","root_meaning":"conversation with the gods, sacred object","root_language":"Kikongo/Haitian Creole","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mambo","meaning":"A Latin American dance similar to the rumba.","children":[{"era":"early 20th century","word":"mambo","meaning":"dance, religious ceremony","children":[{"era":"pre-colonial","word":"mambu","meaning":"sacred object, conversation with the gods","language":"Kikongo"}],"language":"Haitian Creole"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rumba","samba","tango","cha-cha"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rhumba","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jig","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"f8a434ab-e4a0-4c1d-936d-dc65fcffb44a","word":"mamma","definition":"An informal term for mother.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mamá","language_family":"latin","root":"mamma","root_meaning":"breast, mother (child's word)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mamma","meaning":"mother (informal)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mamma","meaning":"breast, mother","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mama","mammal","mammary","mom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mom","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mum","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"7f239634-5d83-4ac6-b82b-9911ebd1a26d","word":"mammal","definition":"a warm-blooded vertebrate animal with hair and, in females, mammary glands that produce milk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mamífero","language_family":"latin","root":"mamma","root_meaning":"breast; teat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mammal","meaning":"a warm-blooded vertebrate animal with hair and milk-producing females","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"mammalia","meaning":"the zoological class name formed from Latin mamma","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mamma","meaning":"breast; teat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mammals","mammalian","mammalogy","mammalogist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"animal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vertebrate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"5c960109-2aee-49c6-a1be-6b7cfab506e9","word":"mammy","definition":"A childish word for mother; in historical U.S. usage, a term for a Black nanny or house servant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"mama","root_meaning":"mother","root_language":"nursery speech","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mammy","meaning":"mother; historically, a Black nanny or house servant in U.S. usage","children":[{"era":"early modern","word":"mamma","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mama","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"nursery speech"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mamma","mama","mammie","mam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mama","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mommy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mother","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"5db5d446-91e2-4d66-9157-c505caaf9240","word":"man","definition":"An adult male human being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mann","root_meaning":"human being, male","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"man","meaning":"adult male human","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"human being, male","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*man-","meaning":"human being, man","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manly","mankind","manhood","manager"],"synonyms":[{"word":"male","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentleman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fellow","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"56d23983-81b7-4f77-9b90-8ea927e5e66f","word":"manage","definition":"To handle, direct, or control the operation of something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"manejar","language_family":"french","root":"manus","root_meaning":"hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manage","meaning":"to control or direct","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manage","meaning":"to handle or control","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"maneige","meaning":"handling of a horse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manager","management","manageable","mismanage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supervise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"administer","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"624e8b7d-23c7-4129-8951-3208d0c52f26","word":"managed","definition":"Past tense of manage; controlled, organized, or handled something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"manejado","language_family":"french","root":"maneggiare","root_meaning":"to handle, control a horse","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"managed","meaning":"controlled, organized","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manage","meaning":"to handle, control","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"maneggiare","meaning":"to handle, control a horse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mano","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manage","manager","management","manageable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"controlled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"administered","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"ddc63462-06d8-4336-8fb2-eeca335d311a","word":"management","definition":"The process of controlling and organizing people and resources to achieve goals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"manejo","language_family":"latin","root":"manus","root_meaning":"hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"management","meaning":"control and organization","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"management","meaning":"handling, control","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"ménagement","meaning":"management, household","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manage","manager","managed","managing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supervision","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"45b5ae37-08f5-469f-85b4-14332c9866d3","word":"manager","definition":"A person responsible for controlling or administering an organization or part of it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"gerente","language_family":"latin","root":"manus","root_meaning":"hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manager","meaning":"administrator","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manager","meaning":"one who manages","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manage","meaning":"to handle horses","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manage","management","managerial","managing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administrator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supervisor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"executive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"825c7013-3562-4119-ac7b-82c445c7ac0d","word":"managing","definition":"The present participle of manage; handling, controlling, or directing someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"manejando","language_family":"latin","root":"manus","root_meaning":"hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"managing","meaning":"handling or controlling","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manage","meaning":"to handle or conduct","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mesnager","meaning":"to manage, conduct","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"maneggiare","meaning":"to handle a horse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manage","manager","management","manageable","mismanage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"controlling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"administering","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"3dc33731-92de-49df-8319-1ce3128f65ca","word":"mandarin","definition":"A high-ranking Chinese official, and by extension a pedantic bureaucrat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mandarín","language_family":"other","root":"मन्त्रिन् (mantrin)","root_meaning":"minister; counselor","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mandarin","meaning":"A high-ranking Chinese official or a bureaucrat.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"mandarim / mandarij","meaning":"the source form borrowed into English","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"menteri / manteri","meaning":"minister; official","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"मन्त्रिन् (mantrin)","meaning":"minister; counselor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"मन्त्र (mantra)","meaning":"counsel; maxim","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Malay"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mandarinate","mandarine","Mandarin","mandarinism","mandarin duck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bureaucrat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administrator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"8bb4f609-29c8-4b96-9cab-b89ab6c13122","word":"mandate","definition":"An official order or commission to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mandato","language_family":"latin","root":"mandatum","root_meaning":"commission, order, command","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man- + *deh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mandate","meaning":"An official order or commission to do something.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandatum","meaning":"commission, order, command","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandare","meaning":"to commit to one's charge, enjoin, order, command","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dare","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["command","demand","commend","mandatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authorization","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"87be4a39-4249-44a6-99bb-1d90c72a91a4","word":"mandatory","definition":"Required by law or mandate; compulsory.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mandatario","language_family":"latin","root":"mandare","root_meaning":"to commit to one's charge, to order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-dʰh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mandatory","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandatorius","meaning":"relating to a command","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandatum","meaning":"a command, order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandare","meaning":"to commit to one's charge, to order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus + dare","meaning":"hand + to give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mandate","command","demand","commend","manual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compulsory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obligatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"required","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"79679f6b-e18a-4d78-9459-d1276bef6e7d","word":"maneuver","definition":"A maneuver is a planned movement or tactical action used to gain an advantage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maniobra","language_family":"french","root":"manœuvre","root_meaning":"hand-work; tactical movement","root_language":"French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maneuver","meaning":"a planned movement or tactical action used to gain an advantage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"manœuvre","meaning":"manual work; a tactical movement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"manuopera","meaning":"hand-work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"opera","meaning":"work","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maneuverable","maneuvering","maneuverability","manoeuvre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tactic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"move","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strategy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"243ce04f-d3ea-4e9f-af21-754f6c20f1d5","word":"manga","definition":"A Japanese style of comic books and graphic novels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"manga","root_meaning":"whimsical pictures","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manga","meaning":"Japanese comics","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"manga","meaning":"whimsical pictures","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"man","meaning":"random, informal","children":[],"language":"Japanese"},{"era":"1700s","word":"ga","meaning":"picture","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anime","comic","graphic novel","cartoon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graphic novel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cartoon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"345dac43-1f5b-46db-823b-cc012a8c3405","word":"manhood","definition":"The state or period of being an adult male, or the qualities traditionally associated with adult maleness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English man + -hād","root_meaning":"man + state, condition","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mann- + *haiduz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manhood","meaning":"the state or period of being an adult male","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"adult human male","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mann-","meaning":"person; human being","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-hood","meaning":"state; rank; condition","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*haiduz","meaning":"state; condition","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["man","men","manly","manliness","mankind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masculinity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"manliness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"067e88f9-914e-4a95-b562-4558ce4ea84e","word":"maniac","definition":"A person exhibiting extreme symptoms of wild behavior, especially violence or excitement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maníaco","language_family":"greek","root":"mania","root_meaning":"madness, frenzy","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maniac","meaning":"wildly excited person","children":[{"era":"14c","word":"maniaque","meaning":"maniacal","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"mania","meaning":"madness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mania","meaning":"madness, frenzy","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mania","manic","pyromania","bibliomania"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lunatic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"madman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psychopath","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fanatic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"4239b8ce-d74f-4815-820a-33017dd797b6","word":"manic","definition":"Affected by or showing mania, especially in an intense, frenzied way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"maníaco","language_family":"greek","root":"μανία","root_meaning":"madness, frenzy","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manic","meaning":"affected by or showing mania","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μανικός","meaning":"mad, frenzied","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μανία","meaning":"madness, frenzy","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mania","maniac","maniacal","manically","manic-depressive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frantic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feverish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"raving","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"e0903a44-f987-45a1-8884-c51ba601f127","word":"manifest","definition":"Easy to perceive or understand; clear and obvious.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"manifiesto","language_family":"latin","root":"manifestus","root_meaning":"clear, obvious, evident","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manifest","meaning":"clear and obvious","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"manifeste","meaning":"clear, obvious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manifestus","meaning":"clear, obvious, evident","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manifestly","manifestation","manifestness","manifesto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obvious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evident","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"8102c963-11d5-434c-a93e-a8e42b24140a","word":"manipulate","definition":"To handle or control (a tool or person) with skill or artful influence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"manipular","language_family":"latin","root":"manipulus","root_meaning":"handful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manipulate","meaning":"To control or influence","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"manipulatus","meaning":"handled, managed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manipulus","meaning":"handful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manual","manage","maneuver","manuscript"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exploit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"5499f455-b0b0-4408-959b-d22bbde3e096","word":"manipulation","definition":"The act of skillfully handling, controlling, or influencing something or someone, often for advantage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"manipulación","language_family":"latin","root":"manipulus","root_meaning":"handful; bundle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manipulation","meaning":"skillful handling or controlling; often influencing for advantage","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"manipulation","meaning":"French source of the English noun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manipule / manipulus","meaning":"handful; a pharmacist's measure; bundle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manipulate","manipulative","manipulator","manual","manufacture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"management","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"9068ab4e-d13c-4197-a343-c17275157457","word":"manipulative","definition":"Characterized by subtle, devious control or unscrupulous influence over others for one's own ends.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"manipulativo","language_family":"latin","root":"manipulus","root_meaning":"handful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manipulative","meaning":"exercising devious control over others","children":[{"era":"1820s","word":"manipulate","meaning":"to handle skillfully; to control artfully","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"manipuler","meaning":"to handle, to operate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manipulus","meaning":"handful (manus + -pulus from plēre)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*man-","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manipulate","manipulation","manipulator","manipulable","manipulativeness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scheming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Machiavellian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calculating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"851b14c1-f2e9-4ff1-9221-d2f88f38f9c7","word":"mankind","definition":"Human beings considered collectively.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mancynn","root_meaning":"human race","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mannaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mankind","meaning":"human beings","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mancynn","meaning":"human race","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*mannaz","meaning":"man","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kunja-","meaning":"kin/race","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["man","kind","humankind","human"],"synonyms":[{"word":"humanity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humankind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"7192e30b-5660-4772-8d92-697fe4c80436","word":"manly","definition":"Having qualities traditionally associated with men, such as strength or courage.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mann","root_meaning":"man, human being","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mann-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manly","meaning":"having qualities of a man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"manly","meaning":"courageous, strong (like a man)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"human being","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-lic","meaning":"like","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["man","manhood","womanly","human","kindred"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masculine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brave","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"eaca6f53-ca21-4eca-bfc1-2c1c63fb8986","word":"manner","definition":"The way in which something is done or happens; a person's bearing, behavior, or deportment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"manera","language_family":"latin","root":"manus","root_meaning":"hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manner","meaning":"way, behavior","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"manner","meaning":"way of doing, bearing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maniere","meaning":"way of doing","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"manaria","meaning":"way of handling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manner","manners","manner-less","manner-ism","manual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"way","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mode","formality":"formal"},{"word":"method","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bearing","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"d62db4af-b7ff-4ab2-a99f-188f65654dda","word":"manor","definition":"A large country house with land, formerly the principal house of a landed estate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mansión","language_family":"french","root":"manoir","root_meaning":"dwelling, residence","root_language":"Anglo-Norman French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manor","meaning":"large country house","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"manoir","meaning":"dwelling, residence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manere","meaning":"to remain, dwell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["estate","mansion","hall","demesne","domicile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"estate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mansion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwelling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"e776ee62-9348-406c-a516-3ff75442a1aa","word":"mansion","definition":"A large, imposing house.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mansión","language_family":"latin","root":"mansio","root_meaning":"dwelling, stay, halt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mansion","meaning":"large, imposing house","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mansion","meaning":"dwelling, stay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mansio","meaning":"a dwelling, a stay, a halt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manere","meaning":"to stay, to remain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remain","permanent","manor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"estate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"villa","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"e98194c9-cff7-4875-9a08-90aea33db493","word":"manslaughter","definition":"The unlawful killing of another human being without malice aforethought.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mannslæht","root_meaning":"man-killing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mann-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manslaughter","meaning":"unlawful killing of another human","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mansleȝt","meaning":"killing of a man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mannslæht","meaning":"man-killing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["man","slay","slaughter","human"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homicide","formality":"technical"},{"word":"killing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"2e779b37-a946-4582-ae3e-fc9dbbe310d0","word":"manson","definition":"Manson is a Scottish surname Anglicized from a Scandinavian patronymic meaning son of Magnus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"Magnusson","root_meaning":"son of Magnus","root_language":"Scandinavian","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manson","meaning":"a Scottish surname","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Manson","meaning":"a surname","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Magnusson","meaning":"son of Magnus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Magnus","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Scandinavian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Magnusson","Magnussen","Magnusen","Magnússon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"last name","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"8d18be26-6847-4f5f-be3e-6401be6254b6","word":"mantle","definition":"A cloak or covering, especially one that symbolizes authority or protection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"manto","language_family":"latin","root":"Late Latin mantellum","root_meaning":"cloak","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"late antiquity","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mantle","meaning":"a cloak or covering","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"mantel / manteau","meaning":"cloak","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"mantellum","meaning":"cloak","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mantum","meaning":"cloak","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mantel","mantilla","mantled","mantelpiece","mantling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cloak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covering","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cape","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"b5265c46-61d4-449f-8e0f-991318cb735d","word":"manual","definition":"Operated, produced, or done by hand rather than by machine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"manual","language_family":"latin","root":"manualis","root_meaning":"of the hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manual","meaning":"operated by hand","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"manual","meaning":"of the hand, by hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manualis","meaning":"of the hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*man-","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manually","manufacture","manipulate","manumit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hand-operated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"by hand","formality":"informal"},{"word":"handmade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"57550900-bc2c-4d29-b518-04b6a6b925c8","word":"manually","definition":"By hand; without the aid of electrical or electronic devices.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"manualmente","language_family":"latin","root":"manualis","root_meaning":"of the hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manually","meaning":"By hand","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"manual","meaning":"done by hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manualis","meaning":"of the hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manual","manipulate","maneuver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"by hand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"physically","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"2435a672-7873-4146-8f86-c42893273cdc","word":"manufacture","definition":"To make (something) on a large scale using machinery.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"manufacturar","language_family":"latin","root":"manufactura","root_meaning":"making by hand, handiwork","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manufacture","meaning":"to make on a large scale","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"manufacture","meaning":"to make by hand","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manufactura","meaning":"making by hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"factura","meaning":"a making","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manufacturer","artifact","manual","factual","factory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabricate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"create","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"6985155b-a97b-4d6f-b814-f32c41ea7eb6","word":"manufacturer","definition":"A company or person that produces goods or equipment by machinery or processing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fabricante","language_family":"latin","root":"manufactura","root_meaning":"made by hand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manufacturer","meaning":"one who manufactures","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manufacture","meaning":"to make by hand or machinery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manufactura","meaning":"made by hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manufacture","manufacturing","manufactured"],"synonyms":[{"word":"producer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabricator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"536e72fb-1daf-4094-8615-b74cfb3cddb6","word":"manufacturers","definition":"Companies or entities that produce goods or products in bulk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fabricantes","language_family":"latin","root":"manufactura","root_meaning":"made by hand","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manufacturers","meaning":"Producers of goods","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"manufacturer","meaning":"one who manufactures","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"manufactura","meaning":"made by hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manufacture","manufacturing","manufacturer","manufactures"],"synonyms":[{"word":"producers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"makers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factories","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabricators","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"89960ecc-2c55-4574-ab9d-fc2066fce4f6","word":"manufacturing","definition":"The process of making goods on a large scale using machinery and labor, or the factory-based production industry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"manufactura","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin manu + factura","root_meaning":"by hand + making","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manufacturing","meaning":"large-scale production of goods","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"manufacture","meaning":"to make goods on large scale","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"manufacture","meaning":"made by hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manu + factura","meaning":"by hand + making, workmanship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus + facere","meaning":"hand + to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["manufacture","manufacturer","manufactured","manual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"production","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabrication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"making","formality":"informal"},{"word":"industrial production","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"a1da342a-6e50-4d28-86c2-ce76d9a9b5a1","word":"manuscript","definition":"A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"manuscrito","language_family":"latin","root":"manuscriptus","root_meaning":"written by hand","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"manuscript","meaning":"Handwritten document","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"manuscrit","meaning":"manuscript","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"manuscriptus","meaning":"written by hand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scriptus","meaning":"written","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scribe","script","manual","inscription","postscript"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scroll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"codex","formality":"technical"},{"word":"text","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"0172b000-d99b-480d-9416-3c06e4a9bdad","word":"many","definition":"A large number of people or things.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"manig","root_meaning":"numerous","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*manag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"many","meaning":"large in number","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"many","meaning":"numerous","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"manig","meaning":"numerous","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["more","most","manifold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numerous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plenty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lots","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"c9d36926-2642-4dda-9e01-7d10a238f6e0","word":"map","definition":"A representation of an area, showing physical features, political boundaries, or other information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mapa","language_family":"latin","root":"mappa","root_meaning":"napkin, cloth, sheet of parchment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"map","meaning":"geographic representation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mappe","meaning":"map, chart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mappa","meaning":"napkin, parchment sheet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mapping","mapped","maps","roadmap","mindmap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diagram","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"a25e2fd1-5bfa-4544-813a-441b79013ca3","word":"maple","definition":"A tree or shrub with broad, five-pointed leaves, found in temperate regions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mapul","root_meaning":"maple","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maple","meaning":"A type of tree.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"maple","meaning":"maple tree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mapul","meaning":"maple","children":[{"era":"early CE","word":"*mapulaz","meaning":"maple","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maple leaf","maple syrup","sugar maple","red maple","tree"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hardwood","formality":"technical"},{"word":"deciduous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"29087357-de11-4d00-a9ff-3e904d1dfed9","word":"maps","definition":"Representations of areas of land or sea, typically on a flat surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mapas","language_family":"latin","root":"mappa","root_meaning":"napkin, cloth, sheet","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maps","meaning":"geographical representations","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"map","meaning":"chart of an area","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mappa","meaning":"napkin, cloth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mapping","mapper","map-making"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diagrams","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.506Z"}
{"id":"efdcdb9e-d317-48c5-b089-175779210999","word":"mar","definition":"To damage or spoil the appearance or quality of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mierran","root_meaning":"to hinder, obstruct, damage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mar","meaning":"to damage or spoil","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mierran","meaning":"to hinder, damage","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"merran","meaning":"to obstruct","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marred","marring","unmarred"],"synonyms":[{"word":"damage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spoil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blemish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"c8234f67-e8ab-4b44-9d0a-10cc415c75cb","word":"mara","definition":"A type of large South American rodent, also known as the Patagonian cavy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mara","language_family":"other","root":"mbara","root_meaning":"a kind of animal","root_language":"Guarani","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mara","meaning":"A type of large South American rodent","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"mara","meaning":"mara (rodent)","children":[{"era":null,"word":"mbara","meaning":"a kind of animal","children":[],"language":"Guarani"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rodent","cavy","patagonian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Patagonian cavy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cavy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"0501027f-969e-4442-b2bf-d93876aa216a","word":"marathon","definition":"A long-distance running race of 26.2 miles; any prolonged effort.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maratón","language_family":"greek","root":"Marathōn","root_meaning":"place name, fennel field","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~490 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~490 BC","word":"Marathṓn (Μαραθών)","meaning":"A plain northeast of Athens where the Greeks defeated the Persians in 490 BC. A messenger reportedly ran to Athens with the news.","children":[{"era":"1896","word":"marathon","meaning":"A long-distance race.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"maratón","meaning":"Marathon.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["marathoner","half-marathon","ultramarathon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endurance race","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"long haul","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"01154247-684a-4990-8f69-8727bd82ed54","word":"marble","definition":"A hard crystalline metamorphic form of limestone, valued for its use in art and architecture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mármol","language_family":"latin","root":"marmor","root_meaning":"marble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mar-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marble","meaning":"stone for sculpture","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"marbre","meaning":"marble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"marmor","meaning":"marble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"marmaros","meaning":"shining stone","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marmoreal","marbling","marmalade","marmorize","mosaic","ceramic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alabaster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rock","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"60138546-5d09-44db-a341-b90f65b8aa02","word":"marc","definition":"The refuse left after pressing fruit (especially grapes) for wine, oil, or cider.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"marc","root_meaning":"dregs, residue","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marc","meaning":"pressed residue","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"marc","meaning":"residue of pressed fruit","children":[{"era":"6th-9th century","word":"marka","meaning":"boundary, mark, residue","children":[],"language":"Frankish (Germanic)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pomace","mark","demarcate","remark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pomace","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dregs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"4d6fec18-7220-4cfd-ac07-543d2d7288f0","word":"march","definition":"The third month of the year; to walk with regular steps.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marzo","language_family":"latin","root":"Martius","root_meaning":"of Mars (god of war)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"March","meaning":"third month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Martius","meaning":"of Mars","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Mars","meaning":"Roman god of war","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["March","martial","Martian","Mars"],"synonyms":[{"word":"third month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"3df925f4-b7cc-4ef3-9eb9-88d3a05a57b4","word":"mare","definition":"An adult female horse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*marhijō","root_meaning":"mare; female horse","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mare","meaning":"an adult female horse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mere","meaning":"mare; female horse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*marhijō","meaning":"mare; female horse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*marhaz","meaning":"horse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mares","mare's","nightmare","marelike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"female horse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broodmare","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dam","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"768e038f-26ce-4719-b330-3623061bd55a","word":"margarita","definition":"A cocktail made with tequila, orange liqueur, and lime juice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"margarita","language_family":"greek","root":"margaritēs","root_meaning":"pearl","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"margarita","meaning":"a tequila-based cocktail","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"margarita","meaning":"daisy; pearl; female name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"margaritēs","meaning":"pearl","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Margaret","Marguerite","margarite","margaric","margarine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cocktail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixed drink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tequila cocktail","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"630ecaa4-7d7d-4ee0-a870-42e858225b59","word":"margin","definition":"The edge or border of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"margen","language_family":"latin","root":"margo","root_meaning":"border, edge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"margin","meaning":"The edge or border of something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"margo","meaning":"border, edge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marginal","emarginate","margent","marginalia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"border","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fringe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"c692ab54-dc8d-4949-b25b-10383ebd65aa","word":"marian","definition":"Of or relating to the Virgin Mary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"Mariano","language_family":"latin","root":"Maria","root_meaning":"Mary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marian","meaning":"Of or relating to the Virgin Mary.","children":[{"era":"Old English period onward","word":"Mary","meaning":"the Virgin Mary; the female given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Maria","meaning":"Mary","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"Mariam / Maryam","meaning":"Mary","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"Miryam","meaning":"possibly 'rebellion'; origin uncertain","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek / Aramaic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mary","Maria","Marion","Marianne","Mariana"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Marial","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mariological","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Marianic","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"99b4b382-f81a-4633-bb0f-ea8bcaa333d3","word":"marina","definition":"A specially designed harbor with moorings for pleasure boats and yachts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marina","language_family":"latin","root":"marinus","root_meaning":"of the sea","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*móri","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marina","meaning":"A specially designed harbor with moorings for pleasure boats and yachts.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"marina","meaning":"seashore, harbor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"marinus","meaning":"of the sea","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marine","maritime","mariner","aquamarine","submarine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harbor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"port","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haven","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"623d05b8-c6c6-4677-b62e-fcb56a231a9e","word":"marine","definition":"Of, relating to, or found in the sea; or a soldier trained for sea operations.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"marino","language_family":"latin","root":"marinus","root_meaning":"of the sea","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marine","meaning":"relating to the sea","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"marine","meaning":"of or relating to the sea","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"marin","meaning":"of the sea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"marinus","meaning":"of the sea, maritime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mare","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maritime","marina","mariner","submarine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nautical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"oceanic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sea-related","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.972Z"}
{"id":"661a3e8c-89f8-479b-855f-58634fb33ad5","word":"marital","definition":"Marital means relating to marriage or to a husband and wife.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"marital","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin maritālis","root_meaning":"of marriage; of a husband","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marital","meaning":"relating to marriage","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"marital","meaning":"relating to marriage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritālis","meaning":"of marriage; of a husband","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritus","meaning":"husband; married man","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marriage","matrimony","matrimonial","married","marry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nuptial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wedded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matrimonial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"a5b5db3b-fa97-4aef-a10b-9f285dcb6020","word":"maritime","definition":"Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"marítimo","language_family":"latin","root":"mare","root_meaning":"sea","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*móri","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"maritime","meaning":"relating to the sea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritimus","meaning":"of the sea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mare","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["marine","mariner","submarine","ultramarine","oceanic","aquatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nautical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"naval","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seafaring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"35457535-3b86-419e-9da8-fa437ffbc04d","word":"mark","definition":"A visible sign, impression, or indication made on a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marca","language_family":"germanic","root":"marka","root_meaning":"sign, token, boundary","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mark-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mark","meaning":"visible sign or impression","children":[{"era":"1100-1500","word":"marke","meaning":"sign, token","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"marka","meaning":"boundary, sign","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marker","marked","marking","remark","landmark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impression","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stain","formality":"informal"},{"word":"indication","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"72d27508-586d-4126-ad2f-a70615330087","word":"marker","definition":"An object used to indicate a position, place, or boundary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marca","language_family":"germanic","root":"mearc","root_meaning":"boundary, sign","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*merg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marker","meaning":"An object used to indicate a position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mark","meaning":"sign, boundary","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mearc","meaning":"boundary, sign","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mark","marking","landmark","remark","demarcate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indicator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"91c74e45-2ba6-434e-98cc-da598754b490","word":"market","definition":"A place where goods are bought and sold, or demand for a particular commodity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mercado","language_family":"latin","root":"mercatus","root_meaning":"merchandise, commerce, trade","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"market","meaning":"place of commerce","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"market","meaning":"market, trade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercatus","meaning":"merchandise, trade, commerce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marketing","marketer","marketplace","merchant","merchandise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bazaar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emporium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mart","formality":"informal"},{"word":"exchange","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"7c76ddd0-90e6-4267-8a6b-f28ac6436de5","word":"marketing","definition":"The promotion and sale of products or services; the activity of advertising and selling to consumers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marketing","language_family":"other","root":"market","root_meaning":"place of trade","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200-1400","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s-current","word":"marketing","meaning":"promotion and selling of products","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"market","meaning":"place where goods are sold","children":[{"era":"1200-1400","word":"market","meaning":"market, commerce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercatus","meaning":"trade, merchandise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["market","marketable","marketing","marketed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advertising","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sales","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commerce","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"5995e3ae-d95a-45b1-976a-e7aaa7956e6f","word":"marketplace","definition":"A physical or figurative location where goods and services are bought and sold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"market + place","root_meaning":"place of trade + physical space","root_language":"English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marketplace","meaning":"place of commercial exchange","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"market","meaning":"a place where goods are sold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercatus","meaning":"trade, commerce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"place","meaning":"open space, location","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"platea","meaning":"broad street, open space","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["market","place","market-day","commerce","trade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"market","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bazaar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emporium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exchange","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"54e93d1f-2a1a-49c6-bc1a-e5c11b5f45d3","word":"markets","definition":"Plural of market; places where goods are bought and sold or systems for trading.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mercados","language_family":"latin","root":"mercatus","root_meaning":"goods for sale, merchandise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"markets","meaning":"places or systems for trading goods","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"market","meaning":"a place for buying and selling","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"marcatus","meaning":"market, trade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercatus","meaning":"goods for sale, merchandise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Norman French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["market","marketing","marketplace","merchant","commerce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bazaars","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exchanges","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trading places","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fairs","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"f01c5161-992b-4237-bb4c-884a4142f76c","word":"marriage","definition":"A legal or socially recognized union between two people as partners in a personal relationship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"matrimonio","language_family":"french","root":"marrier","root_meaning":"to marry, to mate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*mari-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marriage","meaning":"legal union between spouses","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"marriage","meaning":"state of being married","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"mariage","meaning":"act of marrying","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"marrier","meaning":"to marry","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marry","married","matrimony","marital","bride"],"synonyms":[{"word":"matrimony","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wedlock","formality":"formal"},{"word":"union","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nuptials","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"2ad55f2a-02b5-47a0-a53a-3a3031a7ca1b","word":"married","definition":"United in wedlock or joined together closely.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"casado","language_family":"germanic","root":"marry","root_meaning":"to wed, take a wife","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"married","meaning":"united in wedlock","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"marry","meaning":"to wed, unite in matrimony","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"marier","meaning":"to marry, join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritus","meaning":"of marriage, a husband","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marry","marriage","unmarried","remarried","intermarry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wedded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hitched","formality":"informal"},{"word":"joined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"united","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"52fdabc1-ae9d-4d85-9486-0e2d5b76483d","word":"marry","definition":"To join in matrimony; to take as a husband or wife.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"maridar","language_family":"french","root":"marier","root_meaning":"To marry.","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marry","meaning":"To join in matrimony","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"marier","meaning":"to marry","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"maritare","meaning":"to marry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritus","meaning":"husband","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marriage","married","marital","husband"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"espouse","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"ef2519e8-59c3-4e03-be47-f45e6773843c","word":"marsh","definition":"An area of low-lying land that is flooded in wet seasons or at high tide, and typically remains waterlogged at all times.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marisma","language_family":"germanic","root":"*mariskaz","root_meaning":"of the sea/marsh","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500 CE","proto_root":"*mori","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marsh","meaning":"wetland","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mersc","meaning":"marsh","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*mariskaz","meaning":"of the sea/marsh","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swamp","bog","fen","mire","wetland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swamp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"6c132a72-1741-4e15-b6f5-dcdafd0fe56f","word":"marshmallow","definition":"A marshmallow is a soft sweet confection originally named after the marsh mallow plant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mersċmealwe","root_meaning":"marsh mallow plant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marshmallow","meaning":"a soft sweet confection originally named after the marsh mallow plant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"marsh mallow","meaning":"marsh mallow plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mersċmealwe","meaning":"marsh mallow plant","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marsh mallow","marsh-mallow","mallow","marshy","mallowy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweet","formality":"informal"},{"word":"candy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"2928bf93-d181-478b-b48e-9de9e11ec00f","word":"martial","definition":"Of or appropriate to war; warlike.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"marcial","language_family":"latin","root":"Martialis","root_meaning":"of Mars (god of war)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"martial","meaning":"warlike","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Martialis","meaning":"of Mars","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Mars","meaning":"Roman god of war","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mars","army","military","martial arts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warlike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"military","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bellicose","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"fa41e8e6-f906-4017-ad18-0db430edd192","word":"martian","definition":"A Martian is a person or being imagined to come from the planet Mars.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marciano","language_family":"latin","root":"Martianus","root_meaning":"of Mars","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"martian","meaning":"a being from Mars","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Martianus","meaning":"of Mars","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Mars","meaning":"the Roman god and planet Mars","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mars","martial","Martianism","Martius"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alien","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraterrestrial","formality":"technical"},{"word":"space alien","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"67024b52-4e3e-45e4-853a-6c488364cbae","word":"martin","definition":"A type of bird in the swallow family, known for its swift flight and acrobatic aerial movements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"martín","language_family":"latin","root":"martinus","root_meaning":"of Mars, warlike","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"martin","meaning":"a type of swallow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"martin","meaning":"a bird","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"martinet","meaning":"martinet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"martinus","meaning":"of Mars","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["purple martin","sand martin","swallow","martins"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swallow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"house martin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sand martin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"swift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"571c24b1-70a7-47e4-9f89-19b13cd2b9cf","word":"martini","definition":"An alcoholic cocktail made with gin and vermouth, often garnished with an olive or lemon twist.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Martini","root_meaning":"Italian surname (possibly of an inventor or brand)","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"late 19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"martini","meaning":"cocktail","children":[{"era":"late 19th century","word":"Martini","meaning":"surname (possibly of a brand or inventor)","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cocktail","gin","vermouth","liqueur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cocktail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixed drink","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"e561cc1b-8126-4ab3-813b-4813e1dfd0a9","word":"martyr","definition":"A person who suffers or dies for a cause, belief, or faith.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mártir","language_family":"greek","root":"μάρτυς (mártys)","root_meaning":"witness","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"martyr","meaning":"person who suffers or dies for a cause or faith","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"martir","meaning":"martyr","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"martyr","meaning":"martyr","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"martyr","meaning":"martyr; witness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μάρτυς (mártys)","meaning":"witness","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ecclesiastical Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["martyrdom","martyrize","martyred","martyrs","martyring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sufferer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"witness","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"51510ede-3d5c-4264-a81f-093394ed4ddc","word":"marvel","definition":"A wonderful or astonishing person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maravilla","language_family":"latin","root":"mirabilia","root_meaning":"wonderful things","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marvel","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"merveille","meaning":"a wonder, miracle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mirabilia","meaning":"wonderful things (plural)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mirari","meaning":"to wonder at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miraculous","mirror","admire","smile","mirage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wonder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prodigy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phenomenon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astonishment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"81cebe9b-343e-4ff6-82f2-c76390a3036c","word":"marvellous","definition":"Causing great wonder; extraordinary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"maravilloso","language_family":"french","root":"merveillus","root_meaning":"wonderful, miraculous","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"marvellous","meaning":"Causing great wonder","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"merveillus","meaning":"wonderful, miraculous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mirabilis","meaning":"wonderful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mirari","meaning":"to wonder at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marvel","miracle","admiration","mirage","wondrous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wonderful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amazing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astonishing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"12b98cc3-929e-47ff-9587-865b1640cc39","word":"mary","definition":"A female given name, traditionally associated with the Virgin Mary in Christian tradition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"María","language_family":"other","root":"Miriam","root_meaning":"uncertain; possibly beloved or of the sea","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Mary","meaning":"female given name","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Mary","meaning":"female name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Maria","meaning":"female name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Miriam","meaning":"uncertain origin","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Marie","Maria","Miriam","Marion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maiden name","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"7835d2b7-6edb-4bbc-b738-3840d8eda206","word":"maryland","definition":"A state on the east coast of the United States, named after Queen Mary I of England.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Maria","root_meaning":"Mary, the Virgin Mary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1634","word":"Maryland","meaning":"US state named after Queen Mary","children":[{"era":"1634","word":"Maryland","meaning":"land of Mary, in honor of Queen Mary","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Mary","meaning":"referring to Queen Mary I","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Maria","meaning":"Mary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mary","Mariana","Marie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Old Line State","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Free State","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"254b89fa-1820-4044-95df-8ac231adccde","word":"masculine","definition":"Having qualities or a grammatical category associated with males.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"masculino","language_family":"latin","root":"masculinus","root_meaning":"male, manly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"masculine","meaning":"having qualities or a grammatical category associated with males","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"masculyne","meaning":"masculine","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"masculin","meaning":"masculine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"masculīnus","meaning":"male, manly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"masculus","meaning":"male, manly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mās","meaning":"male","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["masculinity","masculinize","masculinism","masculinization","masculinist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"male","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"6b0e4338-a6df-4953-8b38-9f7499b09a00","word":"mash","definition":"To crush or blend into a soft mass.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mashen","root_meaning":"to mix, crush into a soft mass","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mash","meaning":"to crush or blend into a soft mass","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mashen","meaning":"to mix or soften","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mashed","mashing","mashup","masher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pulp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mix","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"64c9b360-c718-4324-8b3c-4f0e3a4f0375","word":"mask","definition":"A covering for the face or part of the face, used as a disguise or for protection.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"máscara","language_family":"french","root":"masque","root_meaning":"mask, disguise","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mask","meaning":"face covering","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"masque","meaning":"mask, disguise","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"maschera","meaning":"mask","children":[],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["masquerade","masked","unmask","masking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"covering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disguise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"veil","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"f101c800-1a8a-432f-b907-12db1768398e","word":"mason","definition":"A person whose trade is building with stone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"masón","language_family":"french","root":"maçon","root_meaning":"stonemason, builder","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mason","meaning":"stone builder","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maçon","meaning":"stonemason, builder","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*macio","meaning":"builder","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["masonic","mansion","machinery","mace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stonemason","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bricklayer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"builder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"dab1abb9-3042-4176-8fa0-aaab5f9316a4","word":"mass","definition":"A large quantity or amount of something; or the property of matter determining its weight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"masa","language_family":"latin","root":"massa","root_meaning":"lump, dough, or heap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mass","meaning":"large quantity or physical property","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mass","meaning":"heap, lump","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"massa","meaning":"lump, dough, heap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["massive","massed","mass-produce","amass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bulk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aggregate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"171177d8-0c3a-4f92-8cb4-ddb1bce076ba","word":"massachusetts","definition":"A northeastern state of the United States, also a Native American people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Massachusetts","root_meaning":"near the great hill","root_language":"Algonquian","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Massachusetts","meaning":"northeastern US state","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Massachusetts","meaning":"native people and place","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Massachuset","meaning":"near the great hill","children":[],"language":"Algonquian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mass.","Bostonian","Bay State"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Mass.","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Bay State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"562e9b6b-1b78-4949-a98c-95e68c4df809","word":"massacre","definition":"An indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of many people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"masacre","language_family":"french","root":"massacrer","root_meaning":"to butcher","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"massacre","meaning":"An indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of many people.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"massacrer","meaning":"to butcher","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["massacred","massacres","butchery","slaughter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slaughter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carnage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"genocide","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"07de5287-e0a6-4727-872a-fcb92156b990","word":"massive","definition":"Large and heavy or solid; imposing in scale or degree.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"masivo","language_family":"french","root":"massa","root_meaning":"lump, mass","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"massive","meaning":"very large and heavy","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"massive","meaning":"forming a large mass","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"massif","meaning":"solid, bulky","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"massa","meaning":"lump, mass, dough","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maza","meaning":"barley cake, lump","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mass","massively","massiveness","en masse","amass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immense","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"8da20b09-5c2f-4742-8182-b1674189f206","word":"mast","definition":"A tall upright pole or spar rising from the keel or deck of a ship or boat to support the sails, rigging, or other equipment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mástil","language_family":"germanic","root":"mæst","root_meaning":"pole, mast of a ship","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mazdo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mast","meaning":"upright pole on a vessel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mæst","meaning":"mast, pole","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*mastaz","meaning":"pole, mast","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*mazdo-","meaning":"pole, rod, post","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mainmast","foremast","mizzenmast","masthead","topmast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spar","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boom","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"1b5939b5-ad33-4748-a8d6-15ab5586d647","word":"master","definition":"A person with great skill in something, or one who has control or authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maestro","language_family":"latin","root":"magister","root_meaning":"chief, leader, teacher","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"master","meaning":"person with great skill or authority","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"master","meaning":"teacher, chief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magister","meaning":"chief, leader, teacher","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mastery","masterful","masterpiece","mastered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"professional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"virtuoso","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authority","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"ef4c82a1-4fbd-4748-9bdb-11768c161ef3","word":"masturbate","definition":"To sexually stimulate oneself, typically with the hand or a sex toy.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"masturbar","language_family":"latin","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"masturbate","meaning":"to sexually stimulate oneself, typically with the hand or a sex toy","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"masturbation","meaning":"the act of masturbating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"masturbor / masturbatus","meaning":"the source of the Latin-derived verb is uncertain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["masturbation","masturbator","masturbatory","masturbating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-stimulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"self-pleasure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jerk off","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"5eeb8ee3-a86c-41a2-a6e3-7980443fc1da","word":"mat","definition":"A piece of material placed on a floor or other surface, typically to protect it, clean shoes, or provide decoration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mætte","root_meaning":"mat, rug","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mattō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mat","meaning":"a floor covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mætte","meaning":"mat, rug","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*mattō","meaning":null,"children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mattress","matt","platter","pleat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carpet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"c3bce4ab-6172-40bd-b1b0-3878d7136633","word":"match","definition":"A person or thing that is equal or similar to another; a pairing of two things that complement each other.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"macho","language_family":"germanic","root":"gemæcca","root_meaning":"companion; one equal in power","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"match","meaning":"person or thing equal to another","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"macchen","meaning":"to pair; companion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemæcca","meaning":"companion; equal in power","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["matched","matcher","matching","unmatch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counterpart","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"37ccafff-76ca-494c-9605-e5fe543adf90","word":"matches","definition":"Small sticks with a flammable tip used for starting fires, or contests of competition between opponents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fósforo","language_family":"germanic","root":"macche","root_meaning":"to make equal, to join together","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matches","meaning":"small sticks with flammable tip or contests","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"match","meaning":"one equal to another, a pair","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"macche","meaning":"to make equal, join","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["match","matching","matchless","matchmaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contests","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"games","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combustibles","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"7e943eb8-721a-4bbd-a038-5462a1c3efe6","word":"matching","definition":"The act of pairing or coordinating things that are similar or compatible with each other.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"emparejamiento","language_family":"french","root":"mache","root_meaning":"equal or peer","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matching","meaning":"pairing or coordinating","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"match","meaning":"to be equal or pair","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"mache","meaning":"equal or peer","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["match","matched","matcher","mismatch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pairing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coordinating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coupling","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"70622f6f-4ca0-4d6d-b434-685df90d11e0","word":"mate","definition":"A companion or partner, often used in informal contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gemaca","root_meaning":"companion, comrade","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mate","meaning":"A companion.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mate","meaning":"companion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemaca","meaning":"companion, comrade, spouse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gamakon-","meaning":"companion","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["match","make","homemaker","matchmaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"friend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pal","formality":"informal"},{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"e44eec65-34c1-4f71-b21b-a2f3064357b0","word":"material","definition":"The matter from which something is made; physical substances or goods; relevant or important.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"material","language_family":"latin","root":"materialis","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to matter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mater-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"material","meaning":"substance, matter, or relevant","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"material","meaning":"matter, substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"materialis","meaning":"material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"materialis","meaning":"of or pertaining to matter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"materia","meaning":"matter, substance, wood","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["matter","materialize","materialist","materials","maternal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"substance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"matter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relevant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a0407230-ce74-4f4d-85c8-effa1cdf01ca","word":"materials","definition":"Substances or matter used for making or manufacturing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"materiales","language_family":"latin","root":"materiales","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to matter or wood","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"materials","meaning":"substances for construction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"materiales","meaning":"of matter or wood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"materia","meaning":"wood, matter, substance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["material","materia","materialize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"substances","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supplies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ingredients","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"19c03490-f93f-4d39-97d5-f801544bfc4d","word":"maternal","definition":"Relating to a mother or to motherhood.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"maternal","language_family":"latin","root":"māter","root_meaning":"mother","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*méh₂tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maternal","meaning":"relating to a mother or to motherhood","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maternel","meaning":"maternal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"māternālis","meaning":"maternal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"māternus","meaning":"maternal; of the mother's side of the family","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"māter","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*méh₂tēr","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mother","maternity","matron","matriarch","motherhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motherly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"parental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matriarchal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"54f7db77-5bb7-462d-bd85-85374ea474df","word":"maternity","definition":"The state of being a mother; motherhood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maternidad","language_family":"latin","root":"mater","root_meaning":"mother","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh₂tér-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maternity","meaning":"The state of being a mother; motherhood.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"maternité","meaning":"motherhood","children":[{"era":"300s CE","word":"maternitas","meaning":"motherhood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maternus","meaning":"of a mother","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mater","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*meh₂tér-","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mother","paternity","maternal","matriarch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motherhood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parenthood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maternity leave","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"62f6dff3-36af-4145-9421-c77fb28775ef","word":"math","definition":"The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"matemática","language_family":"greek","root":"mathesis","root_meaning":"learning, science","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"math","meaning":"mathematics","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"mathematics","meaning":"science of quantity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mathematica","meaning":"mathematical sciences","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mathematikos","meaning":"fond of learning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mathesis","meaning":"learning, science","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mathematics","mathematician","mathematical","mathematic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mathematics","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arithmetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"numeracy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"4322194f-7460-444a-a562-93e8dd40a9a8","word":"mathematical","definition":"Relating to mathematics; characterized by exactness or precision.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"matemático","language_family":"greek","root":"mathematikos","root_meaning":"disposed to learn, pertaining to learning","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*mendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mathematical","meaning":"relating to mathematics","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mathematicus","meaning":"mathematical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mathematikos","meaning":"disposed to learn, pertaining to learning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mathēma","meaning":"learning, knowledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manthanein","meaning":"to learn","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*mendʰ-","meaning":"to learn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mathematics","mathematician","math","polymath","philomath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numerical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"algebraic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"geometric","formality":"technical"},{"word":"precise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"28e6f0c9-4b43-4d2b-925e-9670b712d893","word":"mathematics","definition":"The abstract science of number, quantity, and space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"matemáticas","language_family":"greek","root":"mathēmatikē","root_meaning":"the science of learning","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"mathēmatikḗ (μαθηματική)","meaning":"The science of learning. From mathēma (knowledge, learning), from manthanein (to learn).","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"mathematics","meaning":"The science of numbers and space.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"matemáticas","meaning":"Mathematics.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["mathematical","mathematician","polymath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"math","formality":"informal"},{"word":"arithmetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calculus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"ae36696d-aaa0-4e34-88c2-5c27d41ba14b","word":"matrimony","definition":"Marriage, especially viewed as a formal social or legal institution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"matrimonio","language_family":"latin","root":"matrimonium","root_meaning":"marriage, wedlock","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*méh₂tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matrimony","meaning":"marriage, especially as a formal institution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"matrimonium","meaning":"marriage, wedlock","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mater","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["matrimonial","matron","maternal","maternity","matriarch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marriage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wedlock","formality":"formal"},{"word":"union","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nuptials","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"054f12e8-8693-485d-b23a-97211a214af1","word":"matrix","definition":"A rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns; the environment or substance from which something develops.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"matriz","language_family":"latin","root":"matrix","root_meaning":"mother, womb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matrix","meaning":"rectangular array; environment for development","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"matrix","meaning":"mother, womb, source","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mater","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mater","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maternal","matrice","matriarch","matter","mater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"array","formality":"technical"},{"word":"grid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"medium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"22275435-57d0-48f1-8a5f-f56137f46d66","word":"matron","definition":"A matron is a married or mature woman of rank or respectability, especially one who oversees or manages others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"matrona","language_family":"latin","root":"māter","root_meaning":"mother","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*méh₂tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matron","meaning":"a mature or married woman; a supervising woman","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"matrone","meaning":"married woman; elderly lady; patroness; midwife","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mātrōna","meaning":"married woman; wife; matron","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"māter","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["matronly","matronal","matronize","matronhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"matriarch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dowager","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chaperone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"14db554c-bedd-444d-8be5-337b18ef6280","word":"matt","definition":"(Of a surface or color) dull and flat, without a shine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mate","language_family":"french","root":"mat","root_meaning":"dull, dead, overcome","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matt","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"18th C","word":"matte","meaning":"dull, unpolished","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"mat","meaning":"dull, unpolished","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mat","meaning":"dull, defeated, dead","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["checkmate","discomfit","frustrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lusterless","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unpolished","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"0b364c5e-b056-4564-857e-66d7a44c1816","word":"matter","definition":"Physical substance or material; something of importance or concern.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"materia","language_family":"latin","root":"materia","root_meaning":"substance, material, wood","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matter","meaning":"physical substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"matter","meaning":"subject, substance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"materia","meaning":"substance, material, timber","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["material","matter-of-fact","material"],"synonyms":[{"word":"substance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"issue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"ff1c5135-6810-44f4-bb15-da72aacfa3b3","word":"matters","definition":"Issues of importance or concern, or physical substance/material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"materia","language_family":"latin","root":"materia","root_meaning":"wood, timber, substance, matter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mater- (mother)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"matters","meaning":"issues or physical substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"matter","meaning":"physical substance or important issue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"materia","meaning":"wood, timber, matter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["matter","material","materia","materialist","immaterial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"issues","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concerns","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subjects","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"da7dff09-109b-470d-a938-2460777d57be","word":"mattress","definition":"A fabric case filled with soft, resilient material, used for sleeping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"matraḥ","root_meaning":"place where something is thrown or laid, cushion","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mattress","meaning":"A fabric case filled with soft, resilient material, used for sleeping.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"materas","meaning":"mattress","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"materasso","meaning":"mattress","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"matraḥ","meaning":"place where something is thrown or laid","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mat","carpet","couch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pallet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"c2d3741c-f19d-43a4-bff0-555723b47a85","word":"mature","definition":"Fully developed, grown, or prepared; reached the stage of full development.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"maduro","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin maturus","root_meaning":"ripe, timely, early","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh₂- (to measure)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Mature","meaning":"fully developed, ripe","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"mature","meaning":"ripe, grown","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maturus","meaning":"ripe, timely","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maturity","maturation","maturing","immaturity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ripe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adult","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"96de92e5-ce82-4085-98fd-ccb27f06ac66","word":"maturity","definition":"The state of being fully developed, ripe, or grown up.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"madurez","language_family":"latin","root":"maturus","root_meaning":"ripe; timely; mature","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maturity","meaning":"the state of being fully developed or ripe","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"maturity","meaning":"ripeness; full development","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maturitas","meaning":"ripeness; maturity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maturus","meaning":"ripe; timely; mature","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mature","maturation","maturate","immaturity","immature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ripeness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maturation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"adulthood","formality":"formal"},{"word":"full development","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"0c3d04b8-f4ea-4d79-b7eb-bd520e3decbd","word":"max","definition":"Maximum; the greatest amount or limit permitted or achievable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"máximo","language_family":"latin","root":"maximus","root_meaning":"greatest, largest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"max","meaning":"greatest amount","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maximum","meaning":"greatest, largest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maximus","meaning":"greatest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maximum","maximal","maximize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maximum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"limit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ceiling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"180852df-f72f-4e32-91db-72a35a181da4","word":"maxim","definition":"A maxim is a short statement expressing a general truth or rule.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"máximo","language_family":"latin","root":"maximus","root_meaning":"greatest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maxim","meaning":"a short statement expressing a general truth or rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maximus","meaning":"greatest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnus","meaning":"great, large","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maximum","maximal","maximize","maximization","maximally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aphorism","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dictum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"dceff9ca-40a1-4a36-bedd-97c1cee48ad0","word":"maximize","definition":"To make as great or large as possible.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"maximizar","language_family":"latin","root":"maximus","root_meaning":"greatest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maximize","meaning":"To make as great as possible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maximum","meaning":"greatest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magnus","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"current","word":"-ize","meaning":"to make, to cause to be","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maximum","maximal","maxim","magnify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"optimize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"increase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amplify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"38cc1e93-30d0-4f68-a9cc-b7462a0194ed","word":"maximum","definition":"The greatest or highest quantity, amount, or degree possible or permissible.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"máximo","language_family":"latin","root":"maximus","root_meaning":"greatest, largest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maximum","meaning":"greatest possible degree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maximum","meaning":"the greatest thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maximus","meaning":"greatest, largest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maximal","maximize","maxima"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apex","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ceiling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"73848f05-073d-4bdf-af4f-3e952899876d","word":"may","definition":"Used to express possibility, permission, or wish.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"magan","root_meaning":"to be able or have power","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"may","meaning":"auxiliary verb expressing possibility or permission","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"magan","meaning":"to be able","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*mag-","meaning":"to have power","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["might","main","major","magnitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"can","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"might","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"could","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"8ac58c31-bdc5-4aac-acee-a545772f5f06","word":"maya","definition":"The power by which the universe becomes manifest; the illusion or appearance of the phenomenal world.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"māyā","root_meaning":"illusion, magic, art","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maya","meaning":"illusion, the phenomenal world","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"māyā","meaning":"illusion, magic, art","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["magic","magician","imagination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phantom","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"8cfb1d64-4051-4fd2-a5e2-41ee375285db","word":"maybe","definition":"An adverb expressing uncertainty or possibility.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"may","root_meaning":"to be able, to have power","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*magaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"maybe","meaning":"expressing uncertainty or possibility","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"may","meaning":"to be able, to have power","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *magaz","meaning":"able, capable","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["may","might","mayhap","perhaps"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perhaps","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"possibly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perchance","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"c9b47a37-d432-4454-9c23-a9e3a5fe4c60","word":"mayday","definition":"An international radio distress signal, used especially by ships and aircraft.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"m'aider","root_meaning":"help me","root_language":"French","root_era":"1920s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mayday","meaning":"distress signal","children":[{"era":"current","word":"m'aider","meaning":"help me","children":[{"era":"1920s","word":"mayday","meaning":"distress call","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["SOS","distress","emergency","help"],"synonyms":[{"word":"SOS","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distress signal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emergency call","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"18dedcc5-75cd-4309-b007-e88a95c7e8fa","word":"mayo","definition":"A shortened form of mayonnaise, the creamy egg-and-oil sauce.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mayonesa","language_family":"french","root":"mayonnaise","root_meaning":"mayonnaise sauce","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mayo","meaning":"a shortened form of mayonnaise","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"mayonnaise","meaning":"the creamy sauce from which mayo is clipped","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mayonnaise","mayoed","mayonnaisy","sauce","condiment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mayonnaise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sandwich spread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salad dressing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"10e14b90-6f7b-4b6c-ae77-f9089e4cdad7","word":"mayonnaise","definition":"A cold emulsion sauce made mainly from egg yolk and oil, usually seasoned with acid and salt.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mayonesa","language_family":"french","root":"mayonnaise","root_meaning":"the sauce name, probably from French","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mayonnaise","meaning":"a cold emulsion sauce","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Mahón / Maó","meaning":"the proposed source in Minorca","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"mayonnaise","meaning":"the sauce name, probably borrowed into English","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Spanish (place name)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mayo","mayonnaisey","mayonnaised","mayonnaise-based"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mayo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dressing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emulsion","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"34ec096c-3977-454e-8601-e864ea5abad8","word":"mayor","definition":"The elected head of a city, town, or other municipal corporation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mayor","language_family":"french","root":"maior","root_meaning":"greater, elder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mayor","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maire","meaning":"mayor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maior","meaning":"greater, elder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["majority","major","majestic","maestro"],"synonyms":[{"word":"civic leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chief magistrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"head of council","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"6040d8f1-b6c7-4127-86c2-c0c6e205d820","word":"meal","definition":"A portion of food eaten at a particular time of day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mæl","root_meaning":"fixed time, measure, appointed time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mēlo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meal","meaning":"food eaten at a set time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mæl","meaning":"fixed time; occasion for eating","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*mēlaz","meaning":"measure, fixed point in time","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*meh₁-","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mealtime","mealtide","piecemeal","mealworm","midmeal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"repast","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feed","formality":"informal"},{"word":"refection","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"73722c93-722c-485a-929a-62e9c4044e1a","word":"mean","definition":"To intend to convey or express; unkind or ungenerous in character.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"menan","root_meaning":"to think, intend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mean","meaning":"to intend or express; to be unkind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"menan","meaning":"to intend, think","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think, remember","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meaning","meant","meaningful","meanness","meander"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imply","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unkind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stingy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"e44c7085-8682-4a32-8541-b1675616c0dd","word":"meaning","definition":"What something signifies, represents, or is intended to convey.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"significado","language_family":"germanic","root":"maenan","root_meaning":"to signify, to intend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meaning","meaning":"significance or intent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mean","meaning":"to signify, intend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"maenan","meaning":"to mean, intend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think, to intend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mean","meant","meaningful","meaningless","means"],"synonyms":[{"word":"significance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"import","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interpretation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"84f662d6-3975-4cdd-97ff-21f3dcc75a60","word":"meaningless","definition":"Without meaning, purpose, or significance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mænan","root_meaning":"to intend, signify","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mey-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meaningless","meaning":"Without meaning, purpose, or significance.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"meaning","meaning":"significance, sense","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mean (verb)","meaning":"to intend, signify","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mænan","meaning":"to intend, signify","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mean","meaning","meant","unmeaning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pointless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absurd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"senseless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purposeless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"9cea3260-1dcc-4a88-972f-9ae415af69c4","word":"means","definition":"Resources or methods for achieving something; indicates signification.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"maenan","root_meaning":"to mean, signify","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"means","meaning":"methods, resources, or signification","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mean","meaning":"to intend, signify","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"maenan","meaning":"to mean, intend","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mean","meaning","meaningful","intermediate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resources","formality":"formal"},{"word":"methods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"way","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"9d364890-11bf-4226-bfe9-553d82d15061","word":"measure","definition":"To determine the size, amount, or degree of something using a standard unit or instrument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"medida","language_family":"latin","root":"mensura","root_meaning":"a measuring, measurement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*met-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"measure","meaning":"to determine size or amount","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"mesure","meaning":"measuring, measurement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mensura","meaning":"a measuring, measurement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*metiri","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["measurement","measured","immeasurable","mesure","mensurable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assess","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gauge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"determine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quantify","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"669ceeb3-2563-4344-b02e-530fc172e3bf","word":"measurement","definition":"The act or process of determining the size, quantity, or degree of something by comparison with a standard unit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medida","language_family":"french","root":"mesure","root_meaning":"a measure, dimension","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*mē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"measurement","meaning":"The act of measuring","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"measure","meaning":"dimension, extent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mesure","meaning":"measure, dimension","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mensura","meaning":"a measure, measuring","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["measure","meter","mensurable","dimension","commensurate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assessment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evaluation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quantification","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"ecc2c147-fc6b-42f2-804a-dfc46fe8b20d","word":"measures","definition":"Actions taken or units of size used to achieve a purpose or determine extent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medidas","language_family":"latin","root":"mensura","root_meaning":"measurement or extent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*me-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"measures","meaning":"units or actions of determination","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"measure","meaning":"act of measuring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mensura","meaning":"measurement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metiri","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["measure","measured","measurable","measurement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steps","formality":"informal"},{"word":"actions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quantities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"procedures","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"cfde1e8e-76ea-493a-ace3-47c07beacedd","word":"meat","definition":"The edible flesh of an animal, consumed as food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*mati","root_meaning":"food, provisions","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meat","meaning":"edible flesh of an animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mete","meaning":"food, nourishment","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*mati","meaning":"food","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meal","mast","food"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flesh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"a36d139b-0fce-4956-95f8-c98852d3245f","word":"meatball","definition":"A meatball is a small ball of ground meat, usually seasoned and cooked.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meatball","meaning":"small ball of ground meat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"meat","meaning":"food, especially flesh used as food","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ball","meaning":"a round object","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meat","ball","meatloaf","meatballs","meatballer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meat dumpling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mince ball","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ground-meat ball","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"b4e8d770-4f88-42a0-a8e7-17748f1e0803","word":"mechanic","definition":"A skilled worker who repairs and maintains motor vehicles and other machinery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mecánico","language_family":"greek","root":"mēkhanē","root_meaning":"machine, contrivance","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*magʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mechanic","meaning":"A skilled worker who repairs and maintains machinery","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mecanique","meaning":"mechanical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mechanicus","meaning":"of or pertaining to machines","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mēkhanikos","meaning":"of or pertaining to machines","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mēkhanē","meaning":"machine, contrivance","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["machine","mechanism","mechanical","mechanics","biomechanics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"technician","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engineer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repairman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"7372c2b5-8dba-4ed9-aab2-f5e865554b0c","word":"mechanical","definition":"Operated by a machine or machinery; relating to machines or their construction or operation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mecánico","language_family":"greek","root":"mechanikos","root_meaning":"pertaining to machines","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*magʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mechanical","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"mechanique","meaning":"mechanical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mechanicus","meaning":"mechanical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μηχανικός (mechanikos)","meaning":"pertaining to machines","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["machine","mechanics","mechanism","machination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"automated","formality":"technical"},{"word":"engineered","formality":"technical"},{"word":"robotic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"41e62589-7543-42e2-beb1-12542cbfb29c","word":"mechanism","definition":"A system of parts working together in a machine; a process by which something takes effect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mecanismo","language_family":"greek","root":"mēkhanē","root_meaning":"device, contrivance","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"mēkhanḗ (μηχανή)","meaning":"A machine, device, contrivance. From mekhos (means, expedient).","children":[{"era":"1660s","word":"mechanism","meaning":"A system of moving parts.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"mecanismo","meaning":"Mechanism.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["mechanical","machine","mechanic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"system","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b93b24c3-3b2d-4720-8432-79eb48d09989","word":"medal","definition":"A small metal disk, often inscribed with an image or motto, given as an award or commemoration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medalla","language_family":"latin","root":"metallum","root_meaning":"metal, mine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medal","meaning":"award disk","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"medaille","meaning":"medal","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"medaglia","meaning":"medal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metallum","meaning":"metal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metal","medallion","metallic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"award","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decoration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"23a6a9d7-8b62-427d-8e16-aa3c3c05fe08","word":"medallion","definition":"A large decorative medal or a round ornamental frame containing a decoration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medallón","language_family":"french","root":"médaillon","root_meaning":"small medal; decorative medal","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medallion","meaning":"a large decorative medal or a round ornamental frame","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"médaillon","meaning":"small medal; decorative medal","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medal","medallions","medallionist","medallionlike","medallioned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plaque","formality":"formal"},{"word":"roundel","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"d45f333a-5e2d-4384-a781-82127f74d254","word":"media","definition":"Plural of medium; channels, vehicles, or materials for communicating information or art.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"media","language_family":"latin","root":"medius","root_meaning":"middle, intermediate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*medhyo- (middle)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"media","meaning":"plural of medium; channels of communication","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"medium","meaning":"middle substance, intervening agent, means of expression","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle, intermediate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medium","medial","median","mediate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"channels","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlets","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"platforms","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"a5c203c4-2e3f-48eb-8bde-4fd7de098b92","word":"median","definition":"Denoting or relating to a value or quantity lying at the midpoint of a frequency distribution of observed values or quantities.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mediano","language_family":"latin","root":"medianus","root_meaning":"of the middle, middle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*medʰyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"median","meaning":"middle value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medianus","meaning":"of the middle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medium","mediate","intermediate","midway","Mediterranean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midpoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"average","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"024ceb1d-ffd4-4617-9292-9a1e70f48176","word":"medic","definition":"A medical practitioner or student; a doctor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"médico","language_family":"latin","root":"medicus","root_meaning":"physician","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medic","meaning":"medical practitioner","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"medic","meaning":"physician","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medicus","meaning":"physician","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medicine","medical","medicate","remedy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doctor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"physician","formality":"formal"},{"word":"healer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"bfd6118e-da78-461d-868a-cf620b291195","word":"medicaid","definition":"A public assistance program that provides health care to low-income individuals and families.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"medicus + adjutare","root_meaning":"healing/medical + to help","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"modern","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Medicaid","meaning":"A public assistance program that provides health care to low-income individuals and families.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"medical","meaning":"relating to medicine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medicus","meaning":"healing, physician","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"aid","meaning":"help, assistance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aide","meaning":"help","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"adjutare","meaning":"to help, assist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Medicare","medic","medical","aide","assistance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"health care program","formality":"technical"},{"word":"public assistance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"welfare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"6fad6a9b-72a6-448f-99ff-7e7f2adb498d","word":"medical","definition":"Relating to the science or practice of medicine and treatment of disease.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"médico","language_family":"latin","root":"medicus","root_meaning":"physician, healer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medical","meaning":"relating to medicine","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"medical","meaning":"medicinal, medical","children":[{"era":"300-600 CE","word":"medicalis","meaning":"medical, relating to healing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medicus","meaning":"physician, healer, medicine man","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medicine","medic","medication","medicament","medicate","medicinal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clinical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"therapeutic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"medicinal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"health-related","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2a66d916-f564-4b7b-a077-8e30f24f7515","word":"medication","definition":"A substance or drug used for medical treatment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medicación","language_family":"latin","root":"medicatio","root_meaning":"a healing, a remedy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medication","meaning":"A substance or drug used for medical treatment","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"medication","meaning":"a healing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medicatio","meaning":"a healing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medicine","medicate","medical","remedy","physician"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medicine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remedy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"aa185dc1-8722-4275-9502-6e6568122e55","word":"medicine","definition":"The science and practice of treating disease and maintaining health.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medicina","language_family":"latin","root":"mederi","root_meaning":"to heal, cure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medicine","meaning":"treatment of disease","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"medicine","meaning":"healing art","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medicina","meaning":"the healing art","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mederi","meaning":"to heal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medical","medicinal","medic","medication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remedy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.506Z"}
{"id":"3512c175-e4bc-47be-9dc1-23a2a02280a9","word":"medieval","definition":"Relating to the Middle Ages, typically between the 5th and 15th centuries.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"medieval","language_family":"latin","root":"medius aevum","root_meaning":"middle age","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medieval","meaning":"Relating to the Middle Ages","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medius aevum","meaning":"middle age","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"aevum","meaning":"age","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medium","primeval","age"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Middle Ages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"archaic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feudal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"f53f8a83-baee-46b9-89f6-29bd73d8794d","word":"mediocre","definition":"Of only average quality; ordinary and unremarkable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mediocre","language_family":"latin","root":"medius","root_meaning":"middle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*medhyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mediocre","meaning":"of only average quality; ordinary and unremarkable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mediocris","meaning":"middling; ordinary; of middle height","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*medhyo-","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ocris","meaning":"hill; pointed mountain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mediocrity","median","medium","medial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"average","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"second-rate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"28ccbf82-8667-4a96-9f4d-69754f7528eb","word":"meditation","definition":"The act or practice of thinking deeply or focusing one's mind for a period, typically for spiritual or religious purposes or as a method of relaxation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"meditación","language_family":"latin","root":"meditatio","root_meaning":"a thinking over, contemplation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meditation","meaning":"deep thought or contemplation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meditationem","meaning":"a thinking over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meditari","meaning":"to reflect, consider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meditate","meditative","remedy","medical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contemplation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reflection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rumination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prayer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"da977498-fd36-40c3-9c92-c8836aecd6bb","word":"mediterranean","definition":"Of or relating to the Mediterranean Sea or the countries bordering it.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mediterráneo","language_family":"latin","root":"mediterraneus","root_meaning":"in the midst of land, inland","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Mediterranean","meaning":"relating to the Mediterranean Sea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mediterraneus","meaning":"inland, in the midst of land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"terra","meaning":"land","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terra","terrain","medium","mediate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"central","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"internal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"f2de67df-6d40-445f-8e31-adc9c6488bda","word":"medium","definition":"A substance or material through which something is transmitted or carried.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medio","language_family":"latin","root":"medius","root_meaning":"middle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*medhyos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"medium","meaning":"a substance or material for transmission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"medius","meaning":"middle","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*medhyos","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["median","mediator","intermediate","mediate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"means","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vehicle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"35c2c6fb-9a38-4a03-9c93-e976e59de340","word":"meet","definition":"To come into contact or encounter another person or thing.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"metan","root_meaning":"to measure, meet","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meet","meaning":"encounter, come together","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"meten","meaning":"to meet, encounter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"metan","meaning":"to measure, meet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meeting","met","meetup","greet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encounter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convene","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rendezvous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:10:12.981Z"}
{"id":"d43b6082-bbf5-4c0f-a374-7e6d12f2a149","word":"meeting","definition":"An assembly of people, typically for discussion or a particular purpose; or an encounter between people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"metan","root_meaning":"to meet, encounter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meeting","meaning":"an assembly or encounter of people","children":[{"era":"current","word":"meet","meaning":"to encounter or assemble","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"metan","meaning":"to meet, encounter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meet","meeting","met","encounter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assembly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encounter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conference","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"0b68a620-6ee2-4578-9995-f656a034e73c","word":"meetings","definition":"Occasions when people come together to discuss or conduct business; plural of meeting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reuniones","language_family":"germanic","root":"meet","root_meaning":"to come together, encounter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mot-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meetings","meaning":"plural of meeting; occasions of assembly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"meeting","meaning":"an occasion of coming together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"meet","meaning":"to come together, encounter","children":[{"era":"1000 BCE","word":"*mot-","meaning":"to encounter, meet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meet","meeting","encounter","assembly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gatherings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assemblies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sessions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"8c659c4a-c961-43ad-aa25-0d778b2292e9","word":"meetup","definition":"A gathering or meeting, especially a casual one arranged informally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"metan","root_meaning":"to find, encounter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mod-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meetup","meaning":"A gathering or meeting, especially a casual one arranged informally.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"meet","meaning":"to find, encounter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meet","meeting","meetable","intermeet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encounter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"bd141204-1448-4a5f-91bd-c4a5eb9ba251","word":"meg","definition":"A unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one million.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"megas","root_meaning":"great, large","root_language":"ancient greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meg","meaning":"prefix for one million","children":[{"era":"current","word":"mega-","meaning":"prefix meaning great, large, one million","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"megas","meaning":"great, large","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["megabyte","megahertz","megaton","megaphone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"large","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"fbafb575-5cf6-4099-be4f-fb04d67015fb","word":"mega","definition":"Very large; a unit prefix meaning one million.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mega","language_family":"greek","root":"megas","root_meaning":"great, large","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meǵh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mega","meaning":"very large; a unit prefix meaning one million","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"megas","meaning":"great, large","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["megalith","megaphone","megabyte","megacity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gigantic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"2762176c-b08b-4857-b06b-d583f2caca25","word":"melancholy","definition":"Melancholy means a deep, pensive sadness or gloomy mood.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"melancolía","language_family":"greek","root":"melankholia","root_meaning":"black bile","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"melancholy","meaning":"deep, pensive sadness or gloomy mood","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"melancholy","meaning":"melancholy, sadness, dejection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"melancholie","meaning":"melancholy; sadness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"melancholia","meaning":"melancholy; black bile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"melankholia","meaning":"black bile","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["melancholia","melancholic","melancholically","melancholist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sorrowful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mournful","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"6a66006b-c88f-4b36-a4ce-9363bcf771a7","word":"mellow","definition":"Soft, ripe, smooth, or pleasantly rich in quality or tone.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *malwaz","root_meaning":"soft, ripe","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"PIE *mel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mellow","meaning":"soft, ripe, smooth, or pleasantly rich in quality or tone","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"melowe","meaning":"soft, ripe, gentle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*malwaz","meaning":"soft, ripe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mellowness","mellowing","mellowed","mellower","mellowly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ripe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentle","formality":"literary"},{"word":"smooth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"db98cda6-2807-4b72-952d-415f47a6cc86","word":"melody","definition":"A sequence of musical notes that form a recognizable tune.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"melodía","language_family":"greek","root":"melōidia","root_meaning":"a singing, chanting","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"melōidía (μελῳδία)","meaning":"A singing, a chanting. From melos (song, limb) + aoidē (song).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"melody","meaning":"A pleasing sequence of notes.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"melodía","meaning":"Melody.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["melodic","melodious","melodrama"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tune","formality":"informal"},{"word":"air","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refrain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b03b2307-d08a-4c9c-b557-00fa61c0b647","word":"melon","definition":"A melon is a sweet, fleshy fruit of several plants in the gourd family, often eaten fresh.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"melón","language_family":"greek","root":"Ancient Greek mēlopepōn","root_meaning":"apple-gourd","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"melon","meaning":"a sweet, fleshy fruit in the gourd family","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French melon","meaning":"melon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin melo, melōnem","meaning":"melon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek mēlopepōn","meaning":"apple-gourd","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["watermelon","muskmelon","honeydew melon","melonseed","melony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cantaloupe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"muskmelon","formality":"technical"},{"word":"honeydew","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"88522cfa-9789-4dbc-9943-a66d0e4066ac","word":"melt","definition":"To make or become liquefied by heat.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"meltan","root_meaning":"to dissolve, liquefy","root_language":"old english","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meldʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"melt","meaning":"to liquefy by heat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"meltan","meaning":"to dissolve, liquefy","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*meltana","meaning":"to dissolve","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*meldʰ-","meaning":"to soften, melt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["molten","smelt","mellow","malt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liquefy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dissolve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"d16c4aa9-e43f-4e9a-bc13-2d643bb19b51","word":"meltdown","definition":"A meltdown is a severe collapse or loss of control, originally used for the uncontrolled overheating and melting of a nuclear reactor core.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"meltan","root_meaning":"to melt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meltdown","meaning":"collapse or uncontrolled overheating and melting","children":[{"era":"Old English","word":"melt","meaning":"to become liquid by heat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"meltan","meaning":"to melt","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*mel-","meaning":"to crush, grind, or wear away","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"down","meaning":"particle indicating downward movement or completion","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["melt","melted","melting","melt down"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collapse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breakdown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crisis","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"de3da37e-ac0f-4934-b7f7-236136b960e1","word":"member","definition":"A person who belongs to a group, organization, or society.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miembro","language_family":"latin","root":"membrum","root_meaning":"limb, body part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*membr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"member","meaning":"a person in a group or organization","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"member","meaning":"a limb, a part of a body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"membrum","meaning":"limb, body part","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["membership","remember","dismember","membranous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"participant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"representative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"associate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"bca03fc7-4e9d-475e-9372-99778eee1db9","word":"members","definition":"Plural of member; individuals who belong to a group, organization, or society.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miembros","language_family":"latin","root":"membrum","root_meaning":"limb, body part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smenh₂- (to remember, reckon)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"members","meaning":"plural of member","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"member","meaning":"limb or part of a group","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"membrum","meaning":"limb, body part, constituent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["member","membership","membrane","dismember"],"synonyms":[{"word":"participants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"associates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constituents","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"86e50736-2bb9-4807-b431-82ff6d47661c","word":"membership","definition":"The state of being a member of an organization or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"membresía","language_family":"latin","root":"membrum","root_meaning":"limb, member of the body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mems-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"membership","meaning":"state of being a member of a group","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"member-ship","meaning":"the state of being a member","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"member","meaning":"limb, body part, person in a group","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"membrum","meaning":"limb, member of the body","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["member","membrane","remember","dismember"],"synonyms":[{"word":"affiliation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enrollment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"association","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"ca763610-17de-42ae-a8e9-b718a551ba03","word":"membrane","definition":"A pliable sheet-like structure acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism or apparatus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"membrana","language_family":"latin","root":"membrana","root_meaning":"thin skin, film","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*memb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"membrane","meaning":"A pliable sheet-like structure.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"membrana","meaning":"thin skin, film","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["member","membraneous","membranous","remember","commemorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"film","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"layer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"integument","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"7a6c3795-03ae-44bf-b589-6da5f939736b","word":"meme","definition":"An idea, behavior, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"meme","language_family":"greek","root":"mimema","root_meaning":"imitated thing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1976","proto_root":"*mim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meme","meaning":"An idea, behavior, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture.","children":[{"era":"20th century (coined)","word":"mimeme","meaning":"imitated thing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mimic","mime","mimetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"craze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"37aa6368-4aef-4da9-9de5-03e0f4165235","word":"memo","definition":"A written message, especially in business, used to communicate information or instructions internally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"memorándum","language_family":"latin","root":"memorare","root_meaning":"to remember, to bring to mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*(s)mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"memo","meaning":"short written reminder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memorandum","meaning":"a thing to be remembered","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memorare","meaning":"to remember","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["memory","remember","commemorate","memorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"note","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"memorandum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"directive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"74f2cb9a-0dd8-4600-b6e5-c808c3dfaf39","word":"memorabilia","definition":"Objects kept or collected because of their historical interest, especially those associated with famous people or events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"memorabilia","language_family":"latin","root":"memorabilis","root_meaning":"memorable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"memorabilia","meaning":"memorable objects","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memorabilia","meaning":"memorable things (neuter plural of memorabilis)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memorare","meaning":"to remember","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["memory","memorial","remember","commemorate","immemorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"souvenirs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keepsakes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relics","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"6d4e28aa-309b-4184-9612-bdb391cb0736","word":"memorable","definition":"Something memorable is easy to remember or worth remembering.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"memorable","language_family":"latin","root":"memor","root_meaning":"mindful, remembering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"memorable","meaning":"easy to remember or worth remembering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memorabilis","meaning":"memorable, noteworthy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memor","meaning":"mindful, remembering","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["memory","memorize","memorization","memorial","memorably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unforgettable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remarkable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"edd93928-feb5-4e09-bc84-a2ccc428bb72","word":"memorial","definition":"Something, especially a monument or statue, established to remind people of a person or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"memorial","language_family":"latin","root":"memorialis","root_meaning":"relating to memory","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"memorial","meaning":"Something serving as a reminder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"memorial","meaning":"a record, a document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memorialis","meaning":"relating to memory","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["memory","memorize","memoir","commemorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remembrance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commemoration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tribute","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"c920b431-554e-43b1-88f4-159211e6b7a9","word":"memorize","definition":"To commit something to memory so it can be recalled later.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"memorizar","language_family":"latin","root":"memor","root_meaning":"mindful, remembering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"memorize","meaning":"learn by heart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memor-","meaning":"mindful, remembering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memor","meaning":"mindful, remembering","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think, remember","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical to medieval","word":"-ize","meaning":"verb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Greek via French/Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["memory","memorize","memorization","memorable","memorandum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"learn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commit to memory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"internalize","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"6f2a4fa8-9745-45ce-8bd3-4bb140a79604","word":"memory","definition":"The faculty or power of retaining and recalling facts, events, and impressions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"memoria","language_family":"latin","root":"memor","root_meaning":"mindful, remembering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"memory","meaning":"faculty of recall and retention","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"memorie","meaning":"remembrance, faculty of memory","children":[{"era":"800-1200","word":"memoria","meaning":"memory, memorial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memoria","meaning":"memory, remembrance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["memorable","memorize","memorial","memento","memo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recollection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reminiscence","formality":"literary"},{"word":"retention","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"7f3a4414-60ab-459e-97ea-b964feb4a656","word":"men","definition":"Plural of man; adult male human beings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"man","root_meaning":"human being","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"men","meaning":"plural of man","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"man","meaning":"male human, person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"human being, male person","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*man-","meaning":"human being, man","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["man","woman","mankind","manly","manhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"males","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentlemen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fellows","formality":"informal"},{"word":"persons","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.515Z"}
{"id":"97e7f143-9cb3-47d2-b93d-30d502a96f04","word":"menace","definition":"A menace is a threat or a person or thing that is dangerous or harmful.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"amenaza","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin minari","root_meaning":"to threaten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"menace","meaning":"a threat or dangerous person or thing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"menace","meaning":"threat; menace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minaciae","meaning":"threats, boasting threats","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minari","meaning":"to threaten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["menacing","menaced","menacer","menacingly","menaceful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"threat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"danger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peril","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"e8c5e23a-3987-4ecc-91fc-ebe95cfd6c0d","word":"ment","definition":"A suffix forming nouns denoting an action or result of an action, or a means or instrument.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"-miento","language_family":"latin","root":"-mentum","root_meaning":"result or means of an action","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"-ment","meaning":"suffix forming nouns","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"-ment","meaning":"suffix","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-mentum","meaning":"suffix for nouns of action/result","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["agreement","government","movement","development"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suffix","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ending","formality":"technical"},{"word":"postfix","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"7a01aaa1-d26c-4853-96ad-31d86a19eabc","word":"mental","definition":"Relating to the mind or intellectual processes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mental","language_family":"latin","root":"mens","root_meaning":"mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mental","meaning":"relating to the mind","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"mental","meaning":"of or pertaining to the mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mentalis","meaning":"of the mind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mind","mention","mentor","dementia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"psychological","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cognitive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"intellectual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"313c781c-9e46-4654-87b5-fcb421a6e095","word":"mentality","definition":"The mentality of a person or group is their characteristic way of thinking or set of beliefs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mentalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"mens","root_meaning":"mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mentality","meaning":"way of thinking or set of beliefs","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"mental","meaning":"relating to the mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mental is","meaning":"of the mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mens","meaning":"mind","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-ity","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mental","mentally","mentalism","mentalistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mindset","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attitude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disposition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"52b9b570-e394-4d71-950e-b49e769d3944","word":"mention","definition":"To refer to something briefly and without going into detail.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mencionar","language_family":"latin","root":"mentio","root_meaning":"a calling to mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mention","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mencier","meaning":"to mention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mentio, mentionis","meaning":"a calling to mind (from mens 'mind')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mental","mind","comment","remind","memento"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cite","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"c9472a63-d413-4717-a99c-05b9489fdf2d","word":"mentioned","definition":"Made reference to or spoken about someone or something briefly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mencionado","language_family":"latin","root":"mentio","root_meaning":"a speaking of, mention","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mentioned","meaning":"referenced, spoke of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mention","meaning":"to speak of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mentio","meaning":"a speaking of, mention","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think, remember","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mention","mentionable","mentions","mentioning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cited","formality":"formal"},{"word":"referenced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spoke of","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"357326b1-9ec5-4b46-943f-7ba14c18811a","word":"mentor","definition":"An experienced and trusted adviser.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mentor","language_family":"greek","root":"Mentor","root_meaning":"Adviser (character's name)","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mentor","meaning":"An experienced and trusted adviser.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Mentor","meaning":"wise guide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Mentor","meaning":"Mentor (proper name)","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Μέντωρ (Mentōr)","meaning":"Mentor (Odysseus's friend)","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monitor","admonish","monitory","remind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adviser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guru","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"5543d805-600d-4340-8c8e-a3f82aaddb19","word":"menu","definition":"A list of dishes available in a restaurant or at a meal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"menú","language_family":"french","root":"French menu","root_meaning":"small, minute, detailed","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":"*minuts (small)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Menu","meaning":"list of food offerings","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"menu","meaning":"detailed list","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"menu","meaning":"small, minute","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dish","cuisine","restaurant","food"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bill of fare","formality":"formal"},{"word":"list","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"def14586-d30e-4c42-bcd4-f4d0e4c3ec4f","word":"meow","definition":"The characteristic cry of a cat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miau","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meow","meaning":"cat's cry","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"meow","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["purr","hiss","growl","woof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miaow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catcall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"c0d9a78f-100e-4e39-81af-fe65f179a15a","word":"mercenary","definition":"A soldier who fights for pay rather than loyalty to a cause or state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mercenario","language_family":"latin","root":"mercēnārius","root_meaning":"hired for money","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mercenary","meaning":"a person who fights for pay","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mercenarye","meaning":"a hired worker or hireling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercēnārius","meaning":"hired for money","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercēs","meaning":"reward, wages, price","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mercer","merchant","merchandise","mercantile","commerce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hireling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"soldier of fortune","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guns-for-hire","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"4bb3c437-66ec-4b10-b04b-6537dc16cc78","word":"merchandise","definition":"Goods to be bought and sold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mercancía","language_family":"french","root":"marchandise","root_meaning":"goods, wares","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*merk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"merchandise","meaning":"Goods to be bought and sold.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"marchandise","meaning":"goods, wares","children":[{"era":"null","word":"marchand","meaning":"merchant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercari","meaning":"to trade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"merx","meaning":"wares, goods","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*merk-","meaning":"to glitter, gleam (perhaps related to money/exchange)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["merchant","market","commerce","mercenary","mercantile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wares","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"products","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"f470119b-8ccc-4a7e-8510-6daef2328247","word":"merchant","definition":"A person or business that buys and sells goods for profit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mercader","language_family":"latin","root":"mercari","root_meaning":"to trade, to sell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"merchant","meaning":"one who trades goods","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"marchant","meaning":"trader","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercari","meaning":"to trade, to sell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"merx","meaning":"merchandise, goods","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["merchandise","mercantile","commerce","market"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vendor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dealer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shopkeeper","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"1e202f19-44c5-420c-9b43-498f1d0f0f30","word":"mercury","definition":"A chemical element, a heavy silvery-white liquid metal, or the smallest planet in the solar system, or the Roman messenger god.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mercurio","language_family":"latin","root":"Mercurius","root_meaning":"Roman god of trade, travelers, and messenger of the gods","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mercury","meaning":"element, planet, god","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"Mercurie","meaning":"planet, god","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"Mercurius","meaning":"Roman god","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French/Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mercantile","commerce","market","merchandise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quicksilver","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Hg","formality":"technical"},{"word":"planet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"a1e6ae78-b690-43fd-965e-a43d0c9a8dc3","word":"mercy","definition":"Compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom it is within one's power to punish or harm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"merced","language_family":"french","root":"merci","root_meaning":"reward, favor, kindness, pity","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mercy","meaning":"Compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom it is within one's power to punish or harm.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"merci","meaning":"reward, favor, kindness, pity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercēdem","meaning":"reward, payment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"merx","meaning":"wares, wage, price","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["merit","merchant","commerce","remunerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compassion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leniency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clemency","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"db3968db-96ba-4115-90d5-dbfa33361a96","word":"mere","definition":"Being nothing more than; only.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mero","language_family":"latin","root":"merus","root_meaning":"unmixed, pure, bare, only","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mere","meaning":"nothing more than","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mer","meaning":"pure, absolute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"merus","meaning":"unmixed, pure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["merely","purity","unmixed","purely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"only","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"simply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"just","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"ff5da19e-a90e-47bc-ada2-40abba5042e2","word":"merely","definition":"Just; only; no more than.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"mero","language_family":"latin","root":"merus","root_meaning":"pure, unmixed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"merely","meaning":"Just; only","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mere","meaning":"pure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mier","meaning":"pure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"merus","meaning":"pure, unmixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mere","merit","demerit","pure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"only","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"simply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"953895d7-ea68-491c-9594-55cccda62365","word":"merge","definition":"Combine or cause to combine to form a single entity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sumergir","language_family":"latin","root":"mergere","root_meaning":"to dip, plunge, immerse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mezgʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"merge","meaning":"To combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mergere","meaning":"to dip, plunge, immerse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mezgʰ-","meaning":"to immerse, dip","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["immerse","emerge","submerse","merger","immersion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"join","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"9f01a874-0ce7-4997-b3ea-af10f084d6ac","word":"merger","definition":"The combining of two or more commercial companies or organizations into one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"mergere","root_meaning":"to dip, plunge, immerse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"merger","meaning":"combination of companies","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"merge","meaning":"to combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mergere","meaning":"to dip, plunge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["merge","submerge","immerse","emergence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acquisition","formality":"technical"},{"word":"consolidation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"combination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"915a2c63-42fa-45d7-9be5-67d8e207d651","word":"merit","definition":"The quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mérito","language_family":"latin","root":"meritum","root_meaning":"a desert, service, kindness; a reward, benefit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"merit","meaning":"worth, excellence","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"merite","meaning":"worth, desert, reward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meritum","meaning":"desert, service, reward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"merere","meaning":"to earn, deserve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meritorious","demise","remunerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"value","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excellence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"3b03638e-30bb-46bd-88ab-c6bcf7e6061f","word":"merlin","definition":"A small European falcon, known for its rapid flight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"merillon","root_meaning":"merlin, small falcon","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"merlin","meaning":"A small European falcon.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"merillon","meaning":"merlin, small falcon","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"merle","meaning":"blackbird","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["falcon","kestrel","hawk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"falconet","formality":"technical"},{"word":"raptor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"5f16ae3a-3746-4aec-8927-b1ceaf8e751d","word":"mermaid","definition":"A mythical creature with the upper body of a woman and the tail of a fish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mere (sea) + maid (girl)","root_meaning":"sea-maiden","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mori, *magheti","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mermaid","meaning":"mythical sea creature","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"meremaid","meaning":"sea-maiden","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mere","meaning":"sea","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*mori","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mægden","meaning":"maiden","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*magheti","meaning":"maiden","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["merman","siren","nymph","water spirit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sea-maiden","formality":"literary"},{"word":"siren","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nymph","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"5175fea8-6899-4ee0-92ef-72dda7f6d3c7","word":"merry","definition":"cheerful and lively.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"myrige","root_meaning":"pleasing, delightful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*murgaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"merry","meaning":"cheerful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"myrige","meaning":"pleasing, delightful","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*murgaz","meaning":"short-lived, memorable, pleasing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mirth","merriment","merrily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joyful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheerful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jolly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"festive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"bf0d58fc-c292-42f8-9b39-0dce6faf37f9","word":"mesa","definition":"An isolated flat-topped hill or mountain with steep sides, common in arid and semi-arid regions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mesa","language_family":"latin","root":"mensa","root_meaning":"table","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mesa","meaning":"An isolated flat-topped hill or mountain with steep sides, common in arid and semi-arid regions.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"mesa","meaning":"table, plateau","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mensa","meaning":"table","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["table","plateau","flat-top","butte"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plateau","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tableland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flat-top mountain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"butte","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"caaa074a-b9ef-4f6d-b2bf-539824b7ec40","word":"mesh","definition":"Material made of a network of wire or thread.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"malla","language_family":"germanic","root":"mæš","root_meaning":"net, knot","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*mask-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mesh","meaning":"network material","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"mesche","meaning":"net, knot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mæscre","meaning":"mesh, net","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*mask-","meaning":"net","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mask","mash","netting","web","meshed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"net","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"web","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"19e62218-4858-4408-bac6-61c949995716","word":"mess","definition":"A dirty or untidy state of things or of a place; also a situation of confusion or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"mes","root_meaning":"a portion of food, a dish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*mittere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mess","meaning":"disorder; dirty state","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mes","meaning":"a course of food served at table","children":[{"era":"900s–1100s","word":"missum","meaning":"that which is put (on the table)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, to put","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["messy","messiness","messmate","mess hall","mission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disorder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clutter","formality":"informal"},{"word":"disarray","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shambles","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"977d76f2-c560-483d-b851-3d37f78309c0","word":"message","definition":"A communication or piece of information transmitted from one person or group to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mensaje","language_family":"latin","root":"missus","root_meaning":"sent, past participle of mittere to send","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"message","meaning":"communication or information transmitted","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"message","meaning":"a communication, dispatch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"message","meaning":"sending, mission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missus","meaning":"sent, dispatched","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["messenger","messaging","messages","missive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"communication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispatch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"note","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"missive","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"d16d2b20-6702-4b79-8d46-1edd4d887dee","word":"messages","definition":"Plural of message; communications or pieces of information sent from one person or entity to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mensajes","language_family":"latin","root":"missus","root_meaning":"sent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"messages","meaning":"communications sent","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"message","meaning":"communication","children":[{"era":"1200-1400","word":"message","meaning":"sending, message","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missus","meaning":"sent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["message","messenger","missive","transmit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"communications","formality":"formal"},{"word":"texts","formality":"informal"},{"word":"notes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"missives","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"43d99587-803e-475f-b4f9-dd6a378ededa","word":"messenger","definition":"A person who carries a message or is employed to carry messages.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mensajero","language_family":"latin","root":"missus","root_meaning":"sent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"messenger","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th C.","word":"messager","meaning":"one who carries messages","children":[{"era":"11th C.","word":"message","meaning":"message","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"missaticum","meaning":"a sending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missus","meaning":"sent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["message","mission","remit","emissary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"herald","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"066e095f-4834-410b-addc-a689a4c2ae54","word":"messy","definition":"Untidy or dirty; involving confusion or trouble.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"mess","root_meaning":"portion of food, dish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"messy","meaning":"Untidy or dirty; involving confusion or trouble.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"messy","meaning":"from 'mess' + '-y'","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mess","meaning":"portion of food, dish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mes","meaning":"dish, portion of food","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missus","meaning":"a sending, a course","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mess","messily","messiness","disorderly","untidy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"untidy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dirty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disorderly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"99e828b7-6bcb-4083-83c5-68c34baf410d","word":"met","definition":"Past tense of meet; encountered or came into contact with another person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"metan","root_meaning":"to meet, measure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"met","meaning":"encountered","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"meet","meaning":"to encounter, to measure","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meet","meeting","meetup","mete"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encountered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encountered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"came across","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"9297c6c8-bb61-482b-87c1-6f0fdcf26ab5","word":"meta","definition":"Referring to itself or to the conventions of its genre; self-referential.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"meta-","language_family":"greek","root":"meta","root_meaning":"after, alongside, beyond","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*me-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meta","meaning":"Self-referential","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meta","meaning":"after, alongside, with, between","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metaphor","metaphysics","metabolism","metadata"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-referential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abstract","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overarching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"philosophical","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"cc306e0d-cb18-42e0-9df0-6f0ca09e60ad","word":"metabolism","definition":"The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metabolismo","language_family":"greek","root":"metabolē","root_meaning":"change","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"metabolḗ (μεταβολή)","meaning":"Change, alteration. From metaballein (to change). From meta- (over) + ballein (to throw).","children":[{"era":"1878","word":"metabolism","meaning":"Chemical processes in living organisms.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"metabolismo","meaning":"Metabolism.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["metabolic","metabolize","anabolism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"body chemistry","formality":"informal"},{"word":"biochemical process","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"bf7d068f-ca34-4e85-ab8c-d136756e65ab","word":"metadata","definition":"Data that provides information about other data, such as its content, format, and structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metadatos","language_family":"other","root":"meta, datum","root_meaning":"after, beyond; something given","root_language":"Greek, Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*medʰ-, *deh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metadata","meaning":"data about data","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meta-","meaning":"after, beyond","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"data","meaning":"things given (plural of datum)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metaphor","metaphase","database","datum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"descriptive data","formality":"technical"},{"word":"information about data","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"860d920a-ee86-47a8-9202-ea6179dc943a","word":"metal","definition":"A solid mineral substance with high electrical and thermal conductivity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metal","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek metallon","root_meaning":"mine, quarry, metal","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metal","meaning":"solid mineral element","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metallon","meaning":"mine, metal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metallo","meaning":"metal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metallic","metallurgy","metamorphic","metallurgist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"element","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ore","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mineral","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"36ecbf89-28a8-4bc3-8145-c363790a666f","word":"metallic","definition":"Of, relating to, or resembling a metal.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"metálico","language_family":"greek","root":"metallon","root_meaning":"mine, metal","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metallic","meaning":"Resembling metal","children":[{"era":"4th century","word":"metallic","meaning":"of metal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metallum","meaning":"metal, mine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metallon","meaning":"mine, metal","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metal","metallurgy","metalloid","nonmetallic","alloy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lustrous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silvery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"d30dc8b2-0bff-4bab-afa0-f96e177bda7d","word":"metamorphosis","definition":"A transformation or change of form, especially by supernatural means.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metamorfosis","language_family":"greek","root":"metamorphōsis","root_meaning":"a transforming","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"metamórphōsis (μεταμόρφωσις)","meaning":"A transforming, a change of form. From meta- (change) + morphē (form, shape).","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"metamorphosis","meaning":"A complete transformation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"metamorfosis","meaning":"Metamorphosis.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["metamorphic","morphology","amorphous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transformation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mutation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"change","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"ced0a253-7100-4f3c-8e35-30cbbccb9416","word":"metaphor","definition":"A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something it does not literally denote.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metáfora","language_family":"greek","root":"metaphora","root_meaning":"a transfer, carrying over","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~350 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~350 BC","word":"metaphorá (μεταφορά)","meaning":"A transfer, a carrying over. From meta- (over) + pherein (to carry). Coined by Aristotle.","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"metaphor","meaning":"A figurative comparison.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"metáfora","meaning":"Metaphor.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["metaphorical","metaphysics","euphoria"],"synonyms":[{"word":"figure of speech","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analogy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comparison","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"39b5649b-09fe-4405-a2e0-fcedb8d5bd4e","word":"meteor","definition":"A small body of matter from outer space that enters Earth's atmosphere, appearing as a streak of light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"meteoro","language_family":"greek","root":"meteōron","root_meaning":"thing in the air, lofty","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"metéōron (μετέωρον)","meaning":"A thing raised up, something in the sky. From meta- (over) + aeirein (to lift).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"meteor","meaning":"A shooting star.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"meteoro","meaning":"Meteor.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["meteorite","meteorology","meteoroid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shooting star","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fireball","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"438268e7-347a-4c51-a7b8-7c53463a2e49","word":"meteorite","definition":"A meteorite is a solid fragment of extraterrestrial material that survives passage through the atmosphere and reaches the ground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"meteorito","language_family":"greek","root":"μετέωρος","root_meaning":"raised aloft, hanging in the air","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meteorite","meaning":"a solid fragment of extraterrestrial material that reaches the ground","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"meteor","meaning":"an atmospheric or celestial phenomenon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"météore","meaning":"meteor; atmospheric phenomenon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meteorum","meaning":"meteor; atmospheric phenomenon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μετέωρον","meaning":"a thing high in the air","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μετέωρος","meaning":"raised aloft, hanging in the air","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meteor","meteoroid","meteoritic","meteoritics","meteoriticist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meteor","formality":"literary"},{"word":"aerolite","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"space rock","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"6231fa9e-ba9e-4494-b57c-2e95d45e133e","word":"meter","definition":"The fundamental unit of length in the metric system, equal to 100 centimeters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metro","language_family":"greek","root":"metron","root_meaning":"measure","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"meter","meaning":"unit of length","children":[{"era":"late 18th century","word":"mètre","meaning":"unit of length","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"metron","meaning":"measure, rule, length","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*meh₁-","meaning":"to measure","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metric","metronome","geometry","asymmetry","diameter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metre","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"4b1ccdfd-64f5-49f5-b276-d661c5ccd783","word":"method","definition":"A systematic procedure or process followed in accomplishing a task or solving a problem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"método","language_family":"greek","root":"methodos","root_meaning":"pursuit, inquiry, system","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"method","meaning":"systematic procedure","children":[{"era":"1300-1600","word":"method","meaning":"way, manner, procedure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"methodos","meaning":"pursuit, inquiry, system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meta-","meaning":"after, with, among","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"hodos","meaning":"way, path, road","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["methodical","methodology","methodize","systematic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procedure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"process","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"technique","formality":"formal"},{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ca94d1c7-5d88-41a9-8e68-f4f050182ffc","word":"methodology","definition":"A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metodología","language_family":"greek","root":"methodos","root_meaning":"pursuit of knowledge, way of inquiry","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"methodology","meaning":"system of methods","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"méthodologie","meaning":"methodology","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"methodologia","meaning":"methodology","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"methodus","meaning":"method, way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"methodos","meaning":"pursuit of knowledge","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["method","logical","biology","geology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"technique","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"7ae070af-2d84-42a8-8e14-07191ae92a4e","word":"methods","definition":"Procedures, techniques, or ways of doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"métodos","language_family":"greek","root":"methodos","root_meaning":"way, path, system","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meta-odos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"methods","meaning":"procedures","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"method","meaning":"procedure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"methodos","meaning":"way, path, system","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["method","methodical","methodology","methodism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procedures","formality":"formal"},{"word":"techniques","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ways","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"f8000cb2-5fb4-41b6-a8b0-719b49857e66","word":"metre","definition":"The fundamental SI unit of length.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metro","language_family":"greek","root":"metron","root_meaning":"measure","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metre","meaning":"unit of length","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"mètre","meaning":"unit of length","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metrum","meaning":"measure, length","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"μέτρον (metron)","meaning":"measure","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meter","metric","geometry","symmetry","diameter"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"0ae1904b-94fc-4434-82f3-7e62e1156268","word":"metric","definition":"A system or standard of measurement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"métrico","language_family":"greek","root":"metron","root_meaning":"measure","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metric","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metricus","meaning":"of measure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metrikos","meaning":"of measure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metron","meaning":"measure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["meter","measurement","metronome","geometry","symmetry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quantitative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"systematic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standardized","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statistical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"507d9569-b192-43a1-bac4-0637b7b47cc5","word":"metro","definition":"An underground railway system; a subway.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metro","language_family":"greek","root":"metropolis","root_meaning":"mother city","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metro","meaning":"An underground railway system; a subway.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"metropolitan","meaning":"belonging to a metropolis","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"metropolis","meaning":"mother city","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"meter","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"polis","meaning":"city","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metropolitan","metropolis","polite","politics","cosmopolitan","policy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tube","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"a45d7830-8d14-4867-a793-7d16788a09f1","word":"metropolis","definition":"A large, important city, especially the chief city of a region or country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"metrópolis","language_family":"greek","root":"μητρόπολις","root_meaning":"mother city","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metropolis","meaning":"a large, important city","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"metropolis","meaning":"chief city; seat of a metropolitan bishop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μητρόπολις","meaning":"mother city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μήτηρ","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"πόλις","meaning":"city","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metropolitan","metropole","metropolitical","metropolitanism","metropolitanate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capital","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"urban center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chief city","formality":"formal"},{"word":"megalopolis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"06819046-0ad9-49d0-8a2a-2fbe4bc935c9","word":"metropolitan","definition":"Relating to a large city; characteristic of a metropolis.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"metropolitano","language_family":"greek","root":"mēter polis","root_meaning":"mother city","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"metropolitan","meaning":"Relating to a large city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metropolitanus","meaning":"of a metropolis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"metropolitēs","meaning":"citizen of a mother city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mēter","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"polis","meaning":"city","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metropolis","urban","cosmopolitan","political"],"synonyms":[{"word":"urban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"civic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"municipal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"city-dwelling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"ecfc5a9e-4a8c-4eed-aecd-7a0be486afc7","word":"mexican","definition":"Of or relating to Mexico or its people, language, or culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mexicano","language_family":"other","root":"Mēxihco","root_meaning":"place of the Mēxihcah (Aztecs)","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"pre-Columbian","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Mexican","meaning":"of or relating to Mexico","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"mexicano","meaning":"of Mexico","children":[{"era":"pre-Columbian","word":"Mēxihco","meaning":"place of the Mēxihcah","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mexico","Mexica","Mexican-American","Mexicali"],"synonyms":[{"word":"national","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indigenous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"4f1257eb-c5bf-434f-9730-998df10f1f74","word":"mexico","definition":"A country in North America; a proper noun referring to a specific nation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"México","language_family":"other","root":"Mexica","root_meaning":"of the Mexica people","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Mexico","meaning":"North American nation","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Mexico","meaning":"the nation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Mexica","meaning":"of the Mexica people","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mexican","Mexicans","Mexico City"],"synonyms":[{"word":"United Mexican States","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"afcb60da-8c5a-4566-9f08-f92bbac578e1","word":"miami","definition":"A city in southeastern Florida, also the name of a Native American people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Miami","language_family":"other","root":"mayaimi","root_meaning":"big water or sweet water (disputed interpretations)","root_language":"Miami/Shawnee (Algonquian)","root_era":"pre-1500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Miami","meaning":"city in Florida; Native American people","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Miami","meaning":"the city","children":[{"era":"pre-1500","word":"mayaimi","meaning":"big water or sweet water","children":[],"language":"Miami/Shawnee (Algonquian)"}],"language":"English place name"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Miamian","Miami-Dade","Biscayne","Miami River"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Miami, Florida","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Magic City","formality":"informal"},{"word":"South Florida metropolis","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"026dd12a-9027-488f-bd80-3e5d19de710e","word":"michael","definition":"A male given name derived from Hebrew origins.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Miguel","language_family":"other","root":"Mikha'el","root_meaning":"who is like God","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Michael","meaning":"proper name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Michael","meaning":"archangel name","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Mikha'el","meaning":"who is like God","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Micah","Michelle","Michaela"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Mike","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Mikey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.854Z"}
{"id":"503cd03a-43bd-4427-82d4-f70f7bc3f680","word":"michigan","definition":"A state in the Great Lakes region of the United States, or the lake of the same name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Mishigami","root_meaning":"great water","root_language":"Ojibwe","root_era":"pre-1700","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Michigan","meaning":"U.S. state and lake","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Michigan","meaning":"territory and state","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Michigania","meaning":"region","children":[{"era":"pre-1700","word":"Mishigami","meaning":"great water","children":[],"language":"Ojibwe"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Michigander","Michiganian","Lake Michigan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Great Lakes state","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"3ac77a10-1428-4b39-9b52-26772c1b5688","word":"microphone","definition":"An instrument for converting sound waves into electrical energy, used in recording or transmitting sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"micrófono","language_family":"greek","root":"mikros","root_meaning":"small","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meyk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"microphone","meaning":"sound capturing device","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"microphone","meaning":"small sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mikros","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"phōnē","meaning":"sound, voice","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["microscope","telephony","phonetic","symphony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mike","formality":"informal"},{"word":"transmitter","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"7175cee7-64ed-4229-9b4d-4bce2efbe147","word":"microscope","definition":"An instrument used to view objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"microscopio","language_family":"greek","root":"mikros + skopein","root_meaning":"small observer","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"mikrós (μικρός) + skopeîn (σκοπεῖν)","meaning":"Small + to look at. Coined in 1620s from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1656","word":"microscope","meaning":"An instrument for viewing tiny objects.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"microscopio","meaning":"Microscope.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["microscopic","telescope","stethoscope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnifier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lens","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"8922eeec-18ad-4189-9388-5c66490abf00","word":"microscopic","definition":"So small that it can be seen only with a microscope, or relating to a microscope.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"microscópico","language_family":"greek","root":"μικρός","root_meaning":"small","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"microscopic","meaning":"so small that it can be seen only with a microscope, or relating to a microscope","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"microscope","meaning":"an instrument for seeing very small objects","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"micro-","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"skopein","meaning":"to look, examine","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["microscope","microscopy","microscopist","micro-","scope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tiny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"minuscule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infinitesimal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"db6cfde7-73da-45f4-9f17-50a15b483d33","word":"microsoft","definition":"An American technology corporation that develops software, cloud services, and computing devices.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"micro + soft","root_meaning":"small + not hard","root_language":"Greek + Old English","root_era":"1975","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1975","word":"Microsoft","meaning":"technology company","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"micro","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"soft","meaning":"not hard, gentle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Microsoft","microcomputer","software"],"synonyms":[{"word":"MSFT","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Redmond Corporation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"a75625f7-cb08-4af2-91b0-5d12410e421f","word":"microwave","definition":"An electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between about 1 millimeter and 1 meter, or an oven that uses such waves to cook or heat food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"micro- + wave","root_meaning":"small + moving disturbance","root_language":"Greek + English","root_era":"classical + pre-1100","proto_root":"*smeik- + *webʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"microwave","meaning":"An electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between about 1 millimeter and 1 meter, or an oven that uses such waves to cook or heat food.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"micro-","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wave","meaning":"moving water, moving disturbance","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["micro","wave","wavelength","microscope","oven"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cooker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"6619566e-5678-4567-89aa-536321b8c475","word":"mid","definition":"The middle part or point of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mid","root_meaning":"middle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*medhyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mid","meaning":"middle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mid","meaning":"middle","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*medhyo-","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["middle","midst","midway","midnight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"central","formality":"formal"},{"word":"median","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"f0efa016-2d31-46c4-b732-12b6d78b451c","word":"midday","definition":"The middle of the day, especially around noon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mid + day","root_meaning":"middle + day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"midday","meaning":"the middle of the day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mid","meaning":"middle; in the middle of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"day","meaning":"the daylight period","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mid","midweek","midmorning","midafternoon","midpoint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noontime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midday","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"138012c4-afa4-4f4c-8626-422f1401146a","word":"middle","definition":"The point or position equally distant from all sides or ends; the center.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"medio","language_family":"germanic","root":"middel","root_meaning":"middle, center","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"500s","proto_root":"*medhio- (middle)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"middle","meaning":"center point","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"middle","meaning":"middle, center","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*medhio-","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["middled","middling","midst","media"],"synonyms":[{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midpoint","formality":"formal"},{"word":"midst","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"f9c0d636-9c86-4ac1-9ccf-b157d7ea5bdf","word":"midget","definition":"A very small person or thing, especially a person of unusually short stature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mycg","root_meaning":"midge; gnat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"midget","meaning":"a very small person or thing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"midge","meaning":"a small biting fly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mycg","meaning":"midge; gnat","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-et","meaning":"diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["midge","midges","midgy","midgety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"small person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"little person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminutive person","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"5b7eb620-e285-4329-85fb-af2dbc7f2f90","word":"midland","definition":"The interior part of a country, especially when remote from the coast or borders.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"middel + land","root_meaning":"middle land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*medhyo-, *landhom","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"midland","meaning":"interior region of a country","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"midland","meaning":"middle region","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"middel","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"land","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["middle","land","hinterland","inland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heartland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinterland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"6e6940c5-dbb0-486f-8090-ebd27523ce3e","word":"midnight","definition":"Twelve o'clock at night; the middle of the night.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mid + night","root_meaning":"middle + night","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*medʰyo-, *nokʷt-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"midnight","meaning":"middle of the night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mid","meaning":"middle","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*medʰyo-","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"night","meaning":"night","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*nokʷt-","meaning":"night","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["midday","midwinter","nighttime","nightly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dead of night","formality":"literary"},{"word":"witching hour","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"f7524bfc-572c-452d-a0f9-b8e2acc0867b","word":"midst","definition":"The middle part or area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"middes","root_meaning":"middle","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*medʰyo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"midst","meaning":"the middle part","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"middes","meaning":"middle, among","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"midd","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["middle","median","amid","midway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"center","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heart","formality":"literary"},{"word":"thick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"dbc5b99e-17a0-4ffa-ad51-219796c2e9a6","word":"midwest","definition":"A region in the north-central United States, typically comprising 12 states.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mid + west","root_meaning":"middle + direction of the setting sun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*medʰyo- (mid), *wes- (west)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"midwest","meaning":"north-central US region","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mid","meaning":"middle","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"west","meaning":"direction of sunset","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["middle","western","midland","east"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heartland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"central states","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"588bd439-495b-4f5e-845a-c24ba1490e37","word":"midwife","definition":"A person who assists during childbirth, traditionally a woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"midwīf","root_meaning":"with-woman","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"midwife","meaning":"a person who assists during childbirth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English midwīf","meaning":"with-woman; birth attendant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mid","meaning":"with; among","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīf","meaning":"woman; wife","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["midwifery","midwives","wife","birth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"birth attendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"birthing attendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accoucheuse","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"0743bea0-2f23-4220-b584-de1a6200e16f","word":"might","definition":"Power, strength, or force; or auxiliary verb expressing possibility or permission.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"miht","root_meaning":"might, power","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"might","meaning":"power, strength or possibility","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"miht","meaning":"power, strength, might","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mighty","mightier","mightily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strength","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"force","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"f62ba8f6-8f45-4d6d-83e8-499bf722381a","word":"mighty","definition":"Possessing great power or strength.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mihtig","root_meaning":"powerful, strong","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*magh- (to be able, to have power)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mighty","meaning":"powerful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mihtig","meaning":"powerful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"miht","meaning":"power, strength","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*maghti-","meaning":"power","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*magh-","meaning":"to be able, to have power","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["might","main","magic","machinate","omnipotent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powerful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"potent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"formidable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"6220c99a-5a2e-4583-8f09-225365024c2e","word":"migration","definition":"Movement from one place to another with the intention of settling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"migración","language_family":"latin","root":"migratio","root_meaning":"a moving, change of abode","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"migration","meaning":"Movement from one place to another.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"migracioun","meaning":"migration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"migratio","meaning":"a moving, change of abode","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"migrare","meaning":"to move, depart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["migrate","migrant","migratory","immigrant","emigrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"displacement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relocation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"movement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exodus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"1146f9eb-aad9-466f-9550-d2248450faef","word":"mike","definition":"Short for microphone; a device that converts sound waves into electrical signals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"mikro + phone","root_meaning":"small + sound/voice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mike","meaning":"short for microphone","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"microphone","meaning":"device capturing sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mikro-","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"phone","meaning":"sound, voice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["microphone","microphone","mic","microphones"],"synonyms":[{"word":"microphone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mic","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"fd0717cd-b151-4724-88b9-65944a3ec28b","word":"mil","definition":"a unit of length equal to one thousandth of an inch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mil","language_family":"latin","root":"mille","root_meaning":"thousand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sm̥-ih₂-li-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mil","meaning":"thousandth of an inch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mille","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["millennium","mile","millimeter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thousandth","formality":"technical"},{"word":"thou","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"5255959d-99a7-4364-9ac7-05f1098d52ef","word":"milady","definition":"A polite or formal way to address a lady, especially a woman of rank.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"my lady","root_meaning":"a respectful form of address to a lady","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"milady","meaning":"a polite or formal address to a lady","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"my lady","meaning":"a respectful form of address","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"my","meaning":"first-person possessive pronoun","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lady","meaning":"woman of rank","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lady","my lady","m'lady","ladyship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"madam","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lady","formality":"formal"},{"word":"m'lady","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"5669c7ac-3aac-496d-b347-c5af2e3bd253","word":"mild","definition":"Gentle in nature, not severe or extreme.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"milde","root_meaning":"gentle, merciful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meldh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mild","meaning":"gentle, not harsh","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"milde","meaning":"gentle, merciful","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*mildiz","meaning":"gentle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mildness","mellow","melt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gentle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lenient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moderate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"9823a18b-87c1-4a82-8076-72bc95df6b50","word":"mile","definition":"A unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet (approximately 1.609 kilometers).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"milla","language_family":"latin","root":"milia passuum","root_meaning":"thousand paces","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sm-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mile","meaning":"a unit of length","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mīle","meaning":"mile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"milia","meaning":"thousands","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mille","meaning":"thousand","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*sm-","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["million","millennium","nautical","mileage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"league","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"distance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stretch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"length","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"827864ed-ee85-4f75-9124-018594933f5e","word":"mileage","definition":"The distance covered or traveled, especially by a motor vehicle, expressed in miles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"millaje","language_family":"latin","root":"mille","root_meaning":"thousand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mileage","meaning":"Distance covered in miles","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mile","meaning":"a unit of distance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"mile","meaning":"mile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mille passus","meaning":"thousand paces","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mile","millenary","millimeter","millipede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"travel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"7b0df9c3-fd88-430b-a209-810f91809e0c","word":"miles","definition":"Plural of mile; units of distance equal to 1,760 yards or approximately 1.609 kilometers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"milla","language_family":"latin","root":"mille","root_meaning":"thousand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smelo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miles","meaning":"plural of mile, units of distance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mile","meaning":"distance of 1000 paces","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mille","meaning":"mile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mille passus","meaning":"thousand paces","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mille","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mile","mileage","milestone","millimeter","million"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kilometers","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spans","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"2ec0b1d1-1180-478e-8897-90256501c11c","word":"military","definition":"Relating to or characterized by soldiers, arms, or warfare; of or relating to the armed forces.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"militar","language_family":"latin","root":"militaris","root_meaning":"of soldiers, pertaining to war","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"military","meaning":"relating to soldiers and warfare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"militaris","meaning":"of soldiers, warlike","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miles","meaning":"soldier","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*mel-","meaning":"strong, mill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["militarism","militaristic","militia","militarize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"martial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"warlike","formality":"formal"},{"word":"armed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soldierly","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"15b33dab-0b70-4d7a-ba11-537942d75fa9","word":"militia","definition":"A body of part-time citizens organized for military service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"milicia","language_family":"latin","root":"miles","root_meaning":"soldier","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"militia","meaning":"a body of citizens organized for military service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"militia","meaning":"military service; soldiery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miles","meaning":"soldier","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["military","militant","militarize","militiaman","militiamen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"army","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"troops","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reserve force","formality":"technical"},{"word":"home guard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"52b13466-8171-47b9-b337-cd091d7af523","word":"milk","definition":"An opaque white fluid rich in fat and protein, secreted by female mammals for the nourishment of their young.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"milc","root_meaning":"milk","root_language":"old english","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*melg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"milk","meaning":"opaque white fluid from mammals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"milc","meaning":"milk","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*melg-","meaning":"to milk","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*h₂melǵ-","meaning":"to wipe, to rub, to stroke, to milk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["milch","milker","milky","skim milk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dairy product","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lactose","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"77f08ef5-c4cb-493b-af7b-9d49fc88ec8a","word":"milky","definition":"Resembling milk in color, texture, or opacity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"meolc","root_meaning":"milk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂melǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"milky","meaning":"having the quality or appearance of milk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"milk","meaning":"milk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*meluks","meaning":"milk","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*h₂melǵ-","meaning":"to milk, to rub, to stroke","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning 'having the quality of'","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["milk","milkiness","milking","milkman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creamy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cloudy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opaque","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"fd6e0911-86c2-41ba-924a-cf33d886deee","word":"mill","definition":"A building equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"molino","language_family":"latin","root":"molere","root_meaning":"to grind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*melh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mill","meaning":"grinding machine/building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mylen","meaning":"mill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"molina","meaning":"mill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"molere","meaning":"to grind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miller","milling","gristmill","molino"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"8aaa52f3-a9ad-4c13-9e98-bfe257205ff7","word":"millennium","definition":"A period of a thousand years.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"milenio","language_family":"latin","root":"millennium","root_meaning":"a thousand years","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mil-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"millennium","meaning":"A period of a thousand years.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"millennium","meaning":"a thousand years","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mille","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"annus","meaning":"year","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["millenary","annual","centennial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"epoch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"age","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"era","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"6061b87c-841f-4e91-880d-cb1730461282","word":"miller","definition":"A person who owns or operates a mill, especially one that grinds grain into flour.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"molinero","language_family":"latin","root":"mola","root_meaning":"mill, millstone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*melh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miller","meaning":"one who operates a mill","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"miller","meaning":"one who grinds grain","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"mille","meaning":"miller, one who grinds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mola","meaning":"mill, millstone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mill","milling","millstone","windmill","sawmill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grain processor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mill operator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"6c5899af-c464-4e46-bd2b-993417ca32d7","word":"milligram","definition":"A unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a gram.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miligramo","language_family":"french","root":"milligramme","root_meaning":"one thousandth of a gram","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"milligram","meaning":"a unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a gram","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"milligramme","meaning":"a thousandth of a gram","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"milli- + gramme","meaning":"thousandth + gram","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["milligrams","milligramme","milli-","gram","kilogram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"milligramme","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mg","formality":"technical"},{"word":"thousandth of a gram","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"7a401e36-44d0-4948-a44f-3d9f843a7cb1","word":"million","definition":"The number equal to one thousand thousands, or 1,000,000.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"millón","language_family":"french","root":"Old French million","root_meaning":"large thousand","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"million","meaning":"1,000,000","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"million","meaning":"large thousand","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"million","meaning":"augmented thousand","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["millions","millionaire","millionth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"1,000,000","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"million-fold","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"5ee3c452-c1f6-4b52-9c7c-2591e41ee047","word":"millionaire","definition":"A person whose assets are worth one million pounds or dollars or more.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"millonario","language_family":"french","root":"mille","root_meaning":"thousand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"millionaire","meaning":"a person with a million or more in wealth","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"millionnaire","meaning":"wealthy person","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"million","meaning":"a thousand thousands","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mille","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["million","billionaire","trillionaire","millionairess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wealthy person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rich individual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"2fe313af-5c0d-4540-ae25-2076e3a45ac1","word":"mime","definition":"The theatrical art of mimicking or expressing ideas and emotions by means of gesture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mimo","language_family":"greek","root":"mimos","root_meaning":"imitator, actor","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mime","meaning":"theatrical art of mimicking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mimus","meaning":"mime, actor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mimos","meaning":"imitator, actor","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mimic","mimicry","pantomime","mimetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pantomimist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imitator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"actor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"39321871-3fc6-4ce2-9c15-ed7e996a8bc6","word":"mimic","definition":"To imitate closely, especially the manner, speech, or behavior of someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mímico","language_family":"greek","root":"μῖμος","root_meaning":"imitator, actor","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mimic","meaning":"to imitate closely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin mīmicus","meaning":"pertaining to mimes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ancient Greek μῑμικός","meaning":"belonging to mimes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μῖμος","meaning":"imitator, actor","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mime","mimesis","mimetic","mimicry","mimicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imitate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ape","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"6fa3bc39-15ed-4187-9688-de652fbfc3b9","word":"min","definition":"Abbreviation for minute, the unit of time equal to 60 seconds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"minuta","root_meaning":"smallest, made small","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"min","meaning":"abbreviation of minute","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"minute","meaning":"60 seconds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minuta","meaning":"smallest, made small","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minute","minimal","minus","minor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"minute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sec","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"e676608b-7b10-4188-a844-c5b8e4bef7e5","word":"mina","definition":"A unit of weight or currency in ancient Greece and the Middle East.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"mna","root_meaning":"a measure of weight or money","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mina","meaning":"An ancient unit of weight/currency","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mina","meaning":"unit of weight/currency","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"mna","meaning":"a measure","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"manû","meaning":"weight, unit","children":[],"language":"Akkadian"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mine","money"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shekel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"talent","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"51c788d1-fafb-44f3-8a7b-53a0f3552c8d","word":"mind","definition":"The human faculty for thinking, understanding, and remembering; to be concerned about or object to.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gemynd","root_meaning":"memory, remembrance","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mind","meaning":"faculty of thought and memory","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemynd","meaning":"memory, remembrance","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think, remember","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mindful","minded","mindless","mastermind","remind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intellect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brain","formality":"informal"},{"word":"consciousness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"psyche","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"52bd9007-d37d-484d-af89-189188b12d91","word":"mindless","definition":"Lacking thought, intelligence, or awareness; acting without purpose or consideration.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gemynd","root_meaning":"memory, thought, intention","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mindless","meaning":"without thought or intelligence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mind + -less","meaning":"destitute of mind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemynd","meaning":"memory, thought, intention","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ga-mundiz","meaning":"memory, mind","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mind","mindful","mindfulness","mindlessly","mindlessness","remind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vacuous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thoughtless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brainless","formality":"informal"},{"word":"senseless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"d12ea45b-e27a-4f35-a085-fe253ee28906","word":"mine","definition":"Belonging to me; an excavation in the earth for extracting minerals or coal.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"min","root_meaning":"me, my","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mine","meaning":"belonging to me","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"min","meaning":"my, mine","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"minan","meaning":"mine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["my","me","miner","mining"],"synonyms":[{"word":"my own","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belonging to me","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"840c02fc-826f-4bf2-acd0-ee871c56a2b5","word":"miner","definition":"A person who works in a mine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"minero","language_family":"french","root":"minier","root_meaning":"to mine, dig","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miner","meaning":"A person who works in a mine.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"mine","meaning":"excavation for minerals","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"minier","meaning":"to mine, dig","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mina","meaning":"mine, ore","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mine","mineral","mining","excavate","coal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"digger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarryman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"69eadc28-fc41-487c-8cd6-82a235bcf8fd","word":"mingle","definition":"To mix or blend with other people or things.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mengan","root_meaning":"to mix, stir, blend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meng-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mingle","meaning":"to mix or blend with other people or things","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"minglen","meaning":"to mix, blend, or associate freely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mengan","meaning":"to mix or stir","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*meng-","meaning":"to mix, knead, or stir","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mingle","mingled","mingling","mingler","unmingle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mix","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intermix","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"545b2434-ec53-47c4-8005-9e1fe0878949","word":"mini","definition":"Of a small or miniature size; abbreviated form of minimum or miniature.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mini","language_family":"latin","root":"minimus","root_meaning":"smallest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mini","meaning":"small or miniature","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"mini","meaning":"prefix meaning small","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"miniature","meaning":"very small","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minimus","meaning":"smallest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miniature","minimum","minimize","minimal","miniskirt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"small","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"compact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminutive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"87579782-337d-4545-8d24-0d56db12c259","word":"miniature","definition":"A copy or model of something on a greatly reduced scale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miniatura","language_family":"latin","root":"miniare","root_meaning":"to color with red lead","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miniature","meaning":"small model or painting","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"miniature","meaning":"small painting, especially of a portrait","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"miniatura","meaning":"illumination of a manuscript","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miniare","meaning":"to color with red lead","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minium","meaning":"red lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minium","minuscule","minor","diminish","minimum","mini"],"synonyms":[{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replica","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiny","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"a23446e5-22f4-4f09-8929-b4ab6159ddf3","word":"minimal","definition":"Of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree; the lowest possible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mínimo","language_family":"latin","root":"minimus","root_meaning":"smallest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minimal","meaning":"smallest possible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minimum","meaning":"smallest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minimum","minify","minus","minor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"minimum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slightest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"least","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"319b68e3-d7b7-42fe-b12d-181e5c1e76ca","word":"minimize","definition":"To reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"minimizar","language_family":"latin","root":"minimus","root_meaning":"smallest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"early 17th c.","word":"minimize","meaning":"to reduce to the smallest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minimum","meaning":"smallest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minimus","meaning":"smallest (superlative of parvus 'small')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical (Greek)","word":"-ize","meaning":"to make, to cause to be","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek (via Latin/French)"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["minimum","minor","minus","miniature","diminish","minuet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lessen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curtail","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"6a929f9d-3e47-4f6c-a735-730006971254","word":"minimum","definition":"The lowest quantity, amount, or level of something acceptable or required.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mínimo","language_family":"latin","root":"minimus","root_meaning":"smallest, least","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minimum","meaning":"lowest acceptable amount","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minimum","meaning":"the smallest thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minimus","meaning":"smallest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minimize","minimal","minimum wage","minimus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lowest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"least","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bottom line","formality":"informal"},{"word":"floor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"e6aa3f3c-3c5c-46e6-aa28-ed8b35c4bd6c","word":"minister","definition":"A member of clergy or government responsible for religious or political duties, or to attend to the needs of.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ministro","language_family":"latin","root":"minister","root_meaning":"attendant, servant, helper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minister","meaning":"official or religious official","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"minister","meaning":"official, priest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minister","meaning":"servant, helper, attendant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minus","meaning":"less, small","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ministerial","ministry","minister-like","administer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleric","formality":"formal"},{"word":"servant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"9017d1dc-2c56-47c9-a170-6c34dfea8820","word":"ministry","definition":"A government department or a religious vocation involving pastoral or spiritual care.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ministerio","language_family":"latin","root":"ministerium","root_meaning":"service, office, function","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*menus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ministry","meaning":"department or religious service","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ministrie","meaning":"service, office","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ministerium","meaning":"service, office, function","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minister","meaning":"servant, subordinate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minister","ministerial","administer","ministration","administrative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"department","formality":"formal"},{"word":"office","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"service","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"c4fda0a3-2204-491f-a25e-b2f0bcd11533","word":"minnesota","definition":"A state in the upper Midwest region of the United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Minnesota","root_meaning":"cloudy water (Dakota)","root_language":"Dakota Sioux","root_era":"pre-1800","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minnesota","meaning":"U.S. state in upper Midwest","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Minnesota","meaning":"state named after river","children":[{"era":"pre-1800","word":"Minnesota","meaning":"cloudy water, milky water","children":[],"language":"Dakota Sioux"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Minnesotan","Minneapolis","Minnesota River"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Land of 10,000 Lakes","formality":"informal"},{"word":"North Star State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"623716e2-1f53-4111-b516-64915eef97d2","word":"minor","definition":"Small in importance, rank, or degree; or a person under the legal age of adulthood.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"menor","language_family":"latin","root":"minor","root_meaning":"smaller, less","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minor","meaning":"small in importance or degree","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"minor","meaning":"smaller, less","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minor","meaning":"smaller, less, inferior","children":[{"era":"PIE","word":"*smei-","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minimize","minority","minor-league","minors","minuscule"],"synonyms":[{"word":"small","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trivial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"insignificant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"14b02da0-20cd-441e-b35c-18c32828ebeb","word":"minority","definition":"The smaller part of a group; a number or share that is less than half the whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"minoría","language_family":"latin","root":"minoritas","root_meaning":"smallness, minority","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minority","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"minority","meaning":"smaller number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minoritas","meaning":"smallness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minor","meaning":"smaller","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minor","minus","minuend","minute","minimize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subgroup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lesser part","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"4e5d76de-b5cb-4f2d-b437-2cac18faf2b1","word":"mint","definition":"A place where money is coined by authority of the government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"moneta","root_meaning":"mint, money, coin; name of the goddess Juno Moneta","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mon-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mint","meaning":"Place where money is coined","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mynt","meaning":"mint, coinage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moneta","meaning":"mint, money, coin (from Juno Moneta, goddess associated with the temple where coins were made)","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["money","monetary","monetize","coin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coinage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treasury","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exchequer","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"2549a6d3-16f2-4fc7-b7ac-f7b55d00fd92","word":"minus","definition":"Reduced by the subtraction of; indicating subtraction.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"menos","language_family":"latin","root":"minor","root_meaning":"smaller, less","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minus","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minus","meaning":"less, smaller","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minor","meaning":"smaller","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minor","minimal","diminish","minute","miniature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"less","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deducted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lacking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"617906e4-e1b6-4e09-84ef-a5b30b3e4cbe","word":"minute","definition":"A unit of time equal to sixty seconds, or extremely small in size.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"minuto","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin minuta","root_meaning":"small, diminished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minute","meaning":"60 seconds or very small","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"minute","meaning":"small division of an hour","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minuta","meaning":"small, diminished (feminine of minutus)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minuere","meaning":"to diminish, lessen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minuscule","diminish","minute-hand","minutiae"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tiny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"infinitesimal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"second","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"2df729a0-f545-49ce-b118-c30b5947140f","word":"minutes","definition":"Plural of minute; units of time equal to 60 seconds; brief written records of a meeting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"minuto","language_family":"latin","root":"minuta","root_meaning":"small, diminished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"minutes","meaning":"units of time or meeting records","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"minute","meaning":"unit of time, small portion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"minute","meaning":"small","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"minuta","meaning":"small, diminished","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"minutus","meaning":"small, diminished","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minute","minimal","minuscule","diminish","minor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intervals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"records","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proceedings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"ad07f39c-869c-4f59-a98f-35a5d1f55418","word":"miracle","definition":"An extraordinary and welcome event that is not explicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore attributed to a divine agency.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"milagro","language_family":"latin","root":"miraculum","root_meaning":"object of wonder, marvel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miracle","meaning":"An extraordinary and welcome event","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"miracle","meaning":"miracle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miraculum","meaning":"object of wonder, marvel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miraculous","marvel","wonder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wonder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marvel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"f1f0bee5-283d-4567-b2b3-8ed16b2a744d","word":"miraculous","definition":"Characterized by or resembling a miracle; extraordinarily wonderful or astonishing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"milagroso","language_family":"latin","root":"mirari","root_meaning":"to wonder at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miraculous","meaning":"miracle-like; astonishingly wonderful","children":[{"era":"mid-15c.","word":"miraculos","meaning":"miraculous; wonderful","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"miraculosus","meaning":"wonderful; miraculous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miraculum","meaning":"a miracle; an object of wonder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mirari","meaning":"to wonder at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miracle","miraculously","miraculousness","mirage","mirror"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marvelous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wondrous","formality":"literary"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supernatural","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"a28e8172-c3cf-47b4-b370-2668c71de02f","word":"mirage","definition":"An optical illusion in which heat bends light so that distant water or objects seem to appear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miraje","language_family":"french","root":"mirari","root_meaning":"to wonder at or admire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mirage","meaning":"an optical illusion caused by refraction in hot air","children":[{"era":"1812","word":"mirage","meaning":"an optical illusion; a delusion","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"mirer","meaning":"to look at, admire, or reflect oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mirari","meaning":"to wonder at, admire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miraged","miraging","mirageless","miragelike","mirages"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparition","formality":"literary"},{"word":"vision","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"4a02ef74-2574-4b89-9a91-c8cdfceb9636","word":"mirror","definition":"A reflective surface, typically of glass coated with a metallic amalgam, that reflects a clear image.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"mirari","root_meaning":"to wonder at, admire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mirror","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th C.","word":"mirour","meaning":"mirror","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"mirare","meaning":"to look at","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mirari","meaning":"to wonder at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miracle","admire","marvel","mirage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"looking glass","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"reflector","formality":"technical"},{"word":"speculum","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"33bd3618-3736-45dd-8c20-58e75bceb160","word":"miscellaneous","definition":"Consisting of various types or from different sources; mixed or assorted.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"misceláneo","language_family":"latin","root":"miscellus","root_meaning":"mixed, from miscere (to mix)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miscellaneous","meaning":"assorted, of mixed types","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"miscellaneous","meaning":"mixed or various","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miscellus","meaning":"mixed, varied","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["misc","miscellany","mixture","mix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assorted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"varied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diverse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"8559bd02-661d-450e-9cea-b7dfec9e0595","word":"miserable","definition":"Wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"Miserable","language_family":"latin","root":"miser","root_meaning":"wretched, unhappy, pitiable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miserable","meaning":"wretchedly unhappy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"miserable","meaning":"wretched","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miserābilis","meaning":"pitiable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miser","meaning":"wretched","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["misery","commiserate","miser","miserly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unhappy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woeful","formality":"literary"},{"word":"gloomy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"8916392d-ba53-495d-825e-8409fd61761a","word":"misery","definition":"A state or feeling of great distress or discomfort of mind or body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miseria","language_family":"latin","root":"miseria","root_meaning":"wretchedness, distress","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"misery","meaning":"a state or feeling of great distress","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"miserie","meaning":"wretchedness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miseria","meaning":"wretchedness, distress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miser","meaning":"wretched, unfortunate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miserable","commiserate","miser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woe","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sorrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unhappiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"19a49780-fccd-418e-9b08-75b4a55080a4","word":"misfortune","definition":"Bad luck; an unfortunate condition or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"infortunio","language_family":"french","root":"mesfortune","root_meaning":"bad luck","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th-14th century","proto_root":"*dʰer- (for 'fortune' part, from PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"misfortune","meaning":"bad luck","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"mesfortune","meaning":"bad luck","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"mes-","meaning":"bad, wrongly","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"Old French","word":"fortune","meaning":"luck, chance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortuna","meaning":"luck, fate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unfortunate","mishap","luck","adversity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calamity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adversity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hardship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ill luck","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"c59c74ad-6ed7-4c46-9973-4cf0f862156a","word":"misplace","definition":"To misplace something is to put it in the wrong place or later fail to remember where it is.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"platea","root_meaning":"broad street; open space","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"misplace","meaning":"to put something in the wrong place or fail to remember where it is","children":[{"era":"current","word":"mis-","meaning":"wrongly; badly; incorrectly","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"place","meaning":"to put or set somewhere","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"place","meaning":"place, position","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"platea","meaning":"broad street; open space","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["misplaced","misplacing","misplacement","mislay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mislay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misfile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"misposition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"03f034ed-c779-4bab-9976-6b94a0a6dcdf","word":"miss","definition":"To fail to hit, catch, or attain something aimed at.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"missan","root_meaning":"to miss, go wrong","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"miss","meaning":"to fail to hit or catch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"miss","meaning":"to fail to hit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"missan","meaning":"to miss, go wrong","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"mis-","meaning":"wrongly, badly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["misfire","mistake","mismatch","missile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forfeit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:10:12.981Z"}
{"id":"17402211-271a-4540-a3f8-1628e361a792","word":"missile","definition":"An object or weapon propelled to strike a distant target.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"misil","language_family":"latin","root":"mittere","root_meaning":"to send, to throw","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meyth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"missile","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missilis","meaning":"that may be thrown or hurled","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mission","remit","transmit","dismiss","emissary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"projectile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rocket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bomb","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"bbebda98-c523-48df-b99b-c3518ce006b0","word":"missing","definition":"Not present or absent, especially unexpectedly or unaccountably.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"missa","root_meaning":"sent away, discharged","root_language":"Latin via Old Norse","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"missing","meaning":"not present, absent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"miss","meaning":"to fail to hit or find","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"missa","meaning":"sent, missed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Norse/Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miss","missed","misses","missile","mission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lacking","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gone","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"cd868fc6-c8df-41d8-acfb-92549cdaf98f","word":"mission","definition":"A specific task or purpose assigned to a person or organization to accomplish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"misión","language_family":"latin","root":"mittere","root_meaning":"to send, let go","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*smeit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mission","meaning":"an assigned task or purpose","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"mission","meaning":"the sending forth of missionaries or an assignment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missio","meaning":"a sending, dispatch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, let go, release","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["missive","transmit","submit","permit","missile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"task","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"objective","formality":"formal"},{"word":"purpose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"78b22cf2-fed2-4452-8c67-73f5c34e9718","word":"missionary","definition":"A person sent to promote a religion or carry out a mission.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"misionero","language_family":"latin","root":"missio","root_meaning":"a sending","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"missionary","meaning":"a person sent on a mission","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"missionarius","meaning":"pertaining to sending; one sent on a mission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"missio","meaning":"a sending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mission","missioner","missionize","mission work"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evangelist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proselytizer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preacher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"0637c06f-09f9-42d6-ba27-41342962d5f8","word":"missouri","definition":"A state in the United States, or the major river that flows through it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Missourit or Messipi","root_meaning":"muddy water or big river","root_language":"Siouan (Native American)","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Missouri","meaning":"state and river in central United States","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Missouri","meaning":"place name for state and river","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Missourit","meaning":"muddy water, big river","children":[],"language":"Siouan"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Missourian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Missouri River","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"ee4a511d-a14a-48d5-901f-e52068bacaf0","word":"missy","definition":"A young girl or unmarried woman (often used affectionately or patronizingly).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"miss","root_meaning":"'unmarried woman', 'girl'","root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"missy","meaning":"young girl","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"miss","meaning":"unmarried woman","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["miss","madam","mistress","girl","lass","maiden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"girl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"young woman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"385e07fd-d0a8-46c6-8b69-9c67376321a0","word":"mist","definition":"A cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface that obscures visibility to a lesser extent than fog.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mist","root_meaning":"mist, darkness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mih₂stís","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mist","meaning":"A cloud of tiny water droplets","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mist","meaning":"mist, darkness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mistaz","meaning":"mist","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*mih₂stís","meaning":"mist, cloud","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fog","haze","smog","misty","drizzle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"haze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vapor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"ca088a80-dfe3-4187-9a7b-2261ea501e43","word":"mistake","definition":"An action or judgment that is misguided or wrong.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"mistaka","root_meaning":"take wrongly","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mistake","meaning":"an error","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"mistake","meaning":"to take wrongly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mistaka","meaning":"to take wrongly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mis-","meaning":"wrongly","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"taka","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mistook","mistaken","take","misunderstand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"error","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blunder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"a29bfd6a-5dc4-4c70-b2c0-672d130b0774","word":"mistress","definition":"A woman in a position of authority or control, or a woman (often married) who has a continuing extramarital sexual relationship with a married man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maestra","language_family":"french","root":"magister","root_meaning":"master, chief","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mistress","meaning":"A woman in a position of authority or control, or a woman (often married) who has a continuing extramarital sexual relationship with a married man.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"maistresse","meaning":"female master","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"magister","meaning":"master","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*meg-","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["master","magistrate","maestro","mystery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paramour","formality":"literary"},{"word":"lover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"governess","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"cf8782b5-5bff-460b-b7a7-b4f9bc4b60ae","word":"misty","definition":"Covered with or suggestive of mist; hazy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mistiġ","root_meaning":"misty, dark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mistig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"misty","meaning":"covered with or suggestive of mist","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mysty","meaning":"misty; dark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mistiġ","meaning":"misty, dark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mistig-","meaning":"misty; foggy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mist","mistiness","mistily","misted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foggy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hazy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murky","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"db0e5691-a899-431f-9a9c-3f3f78e93b39","word":"mitch","definition":"To play truant; to skulk or hide.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"muchier","root_meaning":"to hide, skulk","root_language":"Anglo-Norman French","root_era":"13th-14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mitch","meaning":"To play truant","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"mitch","meaning":"to hide, skulk","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"muchier","meaning":"to hide, skulk","children":[],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["micher","muching","skulker","truant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"truant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skulk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"ded1f699-84df-4470-a6cc-b978f1c5f691","word":"mix","definition":"To combine or blend multiple things together into a uniform or homogeneous substance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mezcla","language_family":"germanic","root":"mix","root_meaning":"to mix or blend","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*meik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mix","meaning":"to combine or blend","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mix","meaning":"to mix","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"meiken","meaning":"to mix","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*meik-","meaning":"to mix or mingle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mixed","mixer","mixture","mixing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stir","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"9dc5ba75-80dd-4a09-b6eb-4d7260711721","word":"mixed","definition":"Composed of different elements or varieties combined together.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mixto","language_family":"latin","root":"mixtus","root_meaning":"mixed, mingled","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mixed","meaning":"composed of different elements","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mix","meaning":"to combine, blend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mixtus","meaning":"mixed, mingled, blended","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miscere","meaning":"to mix, mingle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mix","mixture","admix","remix","intermixed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blended","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"varied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"d941a262-4281-471d-9f83-d7846e5a0e0e","word":"mixer","definition":"A machine or device for mixing things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mix","root_meaning":"to mingle","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":"*meik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mixer","meaning":"A machine or device for mixing things.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"mix","meaning":"to mingle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mixtus","meaning":"mixed, blended","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*meik-","meaning":"to mix","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mix","mixture","unmix","remix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stirrer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"964b806b-d96f-4411-8f70-6d7e76736aa5","word":"mixture","definition":"A substance consisting of two or more substances mingled together without chemical union.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mixtura","language_family":"latin","root":"miscere","root_meaning":"to mix","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mixture","meaning":"A blend of substances","children":[{"era":"14th c.","word":"mixtur","meaning":"a mixing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mixtura","meaning":"a mixing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miscere","meaning":"to mix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mix","commingle","intermix","miscellaneous","promiscuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compound","formality":"technical"},{"word":"amalgamation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"melange","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"f2b769fa-0205-42f0-ab6b-95da9f4336d2","word":"moan","definition":"To make a prolonged low sound expressive of pain, grief, or sexual pleasure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mænan","root_meaning":"lament, grieve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mainjanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moan","meaning":"To make a prolonged low sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"monen","meaning":"to lament","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mænan","meaning":"to lament, grieve","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bemoan","moaner","moaning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lament","formality":"formal"},{"word":"whimper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"ee52d603-b640-46a7-89a1-f89563838ec4","word":"mob","definition":"A large crowd of people, especially one that is disorderly and intent on trouble or violence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"mobile vulgus","root_meaning":"the movable/fickle crowd","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1600s (English usage of contraction)","proto_root":"*movere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mob","meaning":"disorderly crowd","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"mobile vulgus (contracted to mob)","meaning":"fickle crowd","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vulgus","meaning":"common people","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mobile","vulgar","commotion","mobilize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crowd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"horde","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rabble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"622d7979-2a69-4abe-a61d-ef98ff488108","word":"mobile","definition":"Capable of moving or being moved easily.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"móvil","language_family":"latin","root":"mobilis","root_meaning":"movable, easy to move","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meub-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mobile","meaning":"capable of moving","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"mobile","meaning":"movable, easily moved","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mobilis","meaning":"movable, easily moved","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mobility","mobilize","mobile phone","immobile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"movable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"portable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transportable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"343f2fb8-c254-4029-8fbd-feffeeb5de2a","word":"mobility","definition":"The quality of being able to move or be moved freely and easily.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"movilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"mobilis","root_meaning":"movable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mobility","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mobilis","meaning":"movable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*meue-","meaning":"to push away","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mobile","mobilize","immobile","movement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flexibility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"04640694-81c2-4336-a66b-b561d8c05b8d","word":"mock","definition":"To tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous manner.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"mocquer","root_meaning":"to mock, make fun of","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mock","meaning":"to tease scornfully","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mokken","meaning":"to mock","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mocquer","meaning":"to mock","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mockery","mocker","mocking","mock-up"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ridicule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taunt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deride","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"71ab0e43-3900-491d-8e61-1967696a9270","word":"mockery","definition":"Mockery is speech or behavior that makes someone or something seem ridiculous.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"moquer","root_meaning":"to mock; jeer","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mockery","meaning":"the act or result of mocking","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mockerie","meaning":"mocking behavior or ridicule","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"moquer","meaning":"to mock, jeer","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mock","mocker","mocking","mockingly","mockable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ridicule","formality":"formal"},{"word":"derision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scorn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"1347637d-9bc9-4326-9890-f7503cf62cde","word":"mode","definition":"A manner or way in which something happens or is experienced.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"modo","language_family":"latin","root":"modus","root_meaning":"manner, method, measure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mode","meaning":"manner or method","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mode","meaning":"manner, fashion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mode","meaning":"manner, fashion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"manner, measure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["model","modern","moderate","modish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"method","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fashion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"6cf1a334-c0ea-4818-ad4c-d3f15287b79c","word":"model","definition":"A simplified representation or example of something, or to create a representation of.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"modelo","language_family":"latin","root":"modulus","root_meaning":"small measure, module","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"model","meaning":"representation or example","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"modelle","meaning":"model, pattern","children":[{"era":"300-600 CE","word":"modellus","meaning":"small measure, module","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modulus","meaning":"small measure, module","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["model","modular","module","modulate","modest","mode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exemplar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prototype","formality":"technical"},{"word":"example","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pattern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"2653aadc-d8cd-459c-a975-58060ac2ae02","word":"models","definition":"Simplified representations or patterns used to describe or explain something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"modelo","language_family":"latin","root":"modellus","root_meaning":"small measure or pattern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"models","meaning":"representations or examples","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"model","meaning":"pattern or example","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modellus","meaning":"small measure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["model","modeling","modular","modulate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examples","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"patterns","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.854Z"}
{"id":"9a55096d-2111-438b-a28a-be6acd3d6174","word":"moderate","definition":"Average in amount, intensity, quality, or degree; not extreme.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"moderado","language_family":"latin","root":"moderare","root_meaning":"to limit, restrain, regulate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moderate","meaning":"not extreme","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moderatus","meaning":"within bounds, moderate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moderare","meaning":"to limit, regulate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"measure, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moderation","moderator","modest","modern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"temperate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reasonable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mild","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"ee2c2e6a-d4af-44b4-9d4d-83a92e580702","word":"moderator","definition":"A person who presides over an assembly, meeting, or discussion, ensuring orderly conduct.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moderador","language_family":"latin","root":"moderator","root_meaning":"regulator, manager","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moderator","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moderator","meaning":"regulator, manager","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moderari","meaning":"to moderate, restrain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moderate","modest","mode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chairman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arbiter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"facilitator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"fbbd3205-7342-4ff6-8102-a1beff64e56b","word":"modern","definition":"Relating to the present time or recent past.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"moderno","language_family":"latin","root":"modernus","root_meaning":"of the present time","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500s CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"modern","meaning":"relating to the present or recent past","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"modern","meaning":"of recent times","children":[{"era":"500s CE","word":"modernus","meaning":"of the present time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"measure, manner","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["modernity","modernize","modernist","modernism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contemporary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"current","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"present-day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"up-to-date","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"3594713e-8263-41f2-bda9-f588c79130fc","word":"modest","definition":"Unassuming in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"modesto","language_family":"latin","root":"modestus","root_meaning":"keeping due measure, moderate, modest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"modest","meaning":"Unassuming in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"modeste","meaning":"moderate, modest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modestus","meaning":"keeping due measure, moderate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["modesty","immodest","moderate","modify","model"],"synonyms":[{"word":"humble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discreet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"244cd08f-1583-4175-b065-61db4e031926","word":"modesty","definition":"The quality of being restrained, unassuming, or not excessively self-assertive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"modestia","language_family":"latin","root":"modus","root_meaning":"measure; manner; limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"modesty","meaning":"the quality of being restrained, unassuming, or not excessively self-assertive","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"modesty","meaning":"modesty; decency","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"modestie","meaning":"modesty; moderation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modestia","meaning":"moderation; decency","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modestus","meaning":"moderate; proper; restrained","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"measure; manner; limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["modest","modestly","modestness","modestie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"humility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"restraint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decorum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"b8288c94-867d-4295-90b0-3508aeef2c12","word":"modification","definition":"The act or process of changing something in form or character; a change made.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"modificación","language_family":"latin","root":"modificare","root_meaning":"to limit, measure, modify","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"modification","meaning":"a change","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"modificationem","meaning":"a measuring, a limiting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modificare","meaning":"to measure, to limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"measure, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["modify","modifier","mod","modicum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alteration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjustment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"26ae4724-089a-40e0-8cbb-d8e49687e051","word":"modified","definition":"Changed or altered in form or character.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"modificado","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin modicus","root_meaning":"moderate, modest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"modified","meaning":"changed or altered","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"modify","meaning":"to change","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"modifier","meaning":"to limit, restrain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"measure, mode","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["modify","mode","modulate","modest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"altered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"changed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjusted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"4e3accc9-18eb-4b32-8f82-acf06bb2e017","word":"modify","definition":"To make partial changes to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"modificar","language_family":"latin","root":"modificāre","root_meaning":"to limit, control, moderate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"modificāre","meaning":"To limit, regulate, restrain.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"modify","meaning":"To change partially.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"modificar","meaning":"To modify.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["modification","modifier","modified"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tweak","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"9ba94774-8ef4-4039-ae27-25313d569b82","word":"modular","definition":"Constructed with standardized units or dimensions for flexibility and variety in use.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"modular","language_family":"latin","root":"modulus","root_meaning":"small measure, standard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"modular","meaning":"composed of modules","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"modularis","meaning":"relating to a module","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modulus","meaning":"small measure, standard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["module","modulate","model","mode","modern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sectional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unitized","formality":"technical"},{"word":"standardized","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"ff1bcbc9-5eb2-4349-a314-a40891c063aa","word":"module","definition":"A self-contained unit or component that can be used independently or combined with others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"módulo","language_family":"latin","root":"modulus","root_meaning":"small measure, standard unit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"module","meaning":"self-contained functional unit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modulus","meaning":"small measure, standard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"modus","meaning":"measure, manner, mode","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["modular","modulate","modulation","modish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"component","formality":"technical"},{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"fbbf616d-fbd7-4c5f-9303-d58c9d620357","word":"moi","definition":"Moi is the French stressed first-person singular pronoun meaning 'me' or 'myself'.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":"mí","language_family":"latin","root":"mē","root_meaning":"me","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*me","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moi","meaning":"the French stressed first-person singular pronoun","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"moi","meaning":"me; myself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"me","meaning":"the first-person singular object pronoun","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["me","my","mine","myself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"me","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"myself","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"I","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"fb90ad84-fdcf-416f-8687-aeb2d98749eb","word":"moira","definition":"In Greek myth and literary use, a moira is a fate, lot, or allotted share.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"moîra","root_meaning":"share, lot, fate","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moira","meaning":"A fate, lot, or allotted share.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μοῖρα (moîra)","meaning":"share, lot, fate","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Moirai","moirai","moirae","Moiras"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"ad65c9f1-b02f-4306-95c3-21e686d2345e","word":"mojo","definition":"A special personal charm, confidence, luck, or magical power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mojo","meaning":"personal charm or magical power","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"mojo","meaning":"a charm, spell, or source of power or luck","children":[],"language":"African American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mojos","mojo hand","mojo bag","mojoed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charisma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magic","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"a2486f9f-f248-486c-a118-0da569942b25","word":"mold","definition":"A furry growth of minute fungi occurring typically in moist warm conditions, especially on food or other organic matter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moho","language_family":"germanic","root":"*mulda","root_meaning":"dust, earth","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mold","meaning":"fungal growth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"molde","meaning":"dust, earth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"molde","meaning":"dust, earth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mulda","meaning":"dust, earth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mouldy","dust","soil","mulch","moulder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mildew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fungus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"1f7cf59f-16d0-4ec0-a915-f0d09e405891","word":"mole","definition":"A small, burrowing mammal with dark fur, very small eyes, and large forefeet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"moldewarp","root_meaning":"earth-thrower","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*meldh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mole","meaning":"small burrowing mammal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"molle","meaning":"short for moldwarp","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"moldwarp","meaning":"earth-thrower","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"molde","meaning":"earth, dust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mulda","meaning":"dust, earth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*meldh-","meaning":"soft","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mold","mulch","moulder","molehill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"talpa","formality":"technical"},{"word":"burrower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"355c0fd6-a61f-4fed-8fc6-6ca7005363fd","word":"molecular","definition":"Relating to or consisting of molecules.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"molecular","language_family":"latin","root":"moles","root_meaning":"mass, lump","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"molecular","meaning":"relating to molecules","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"moléculaire","meaning":"molecular","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"molecula","meaning":"small mass","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moles","meaning":"mass, lump","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["molecule","mole","molar","demolish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"atomic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"microscopic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subatomic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"dd4c794f-e2a4-415c-be52-237c2e8abb88","word":"molecule","definition":"A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"molécula","language_family":"latin","root":"moles","root_meaning":"mass, bulk","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"molecule","meaning":"smallest unit of a compound","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"molécule","meaning":"molecule","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"molecula","meaning":"small mass (diminutive of moles)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moles","meaning":"mass, bulk","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["molar","demolish","emolument","molten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"particle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atom","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"9573ea81-ad6a-4656-8e03-e8c77b7bd294","word":"molest","definition":"To harass or assault, especially sexually.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"molestar","language_family":"latin","root":"moles","root_meaning":"burden; trouble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"molest","meaning":"to harass or assault, especially sexually","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"molester","meaning":"to trouble or annoy","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"molesten","meaning":"to molest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"molestō","meaning":"to trouble, annoy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"molestus","meaning":"troublesome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["molester","molestation","molested","molesting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harass","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bother","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"ffde25b3-0e50-4401-9544-b6cf69eefb45","word":"molly","definition":"Informal term for a woman or girl; also slang for MDMA (the drug); also a small freshwater fish of genus Poecilia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Miryam → Mary → Molly","root_meaning":"pet form of Mary, itself from Hebrew Miryam (possibly 'beloved' or 'bitter')","root_language":"Biblical Hebrew via Latin/English","root_era":"1500s (English pet-form)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s–present","word":"molly","meaning":"informal woman; MDMA; freshwater fish","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Molly","meaning":"pet form of Mary via rhyming/sound shift Mal → Mol","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"Mary / Mally / Mall","meaning":"female given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Maria","meaning":"from Greek Mariam, from Hebrew Miryam","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Mary","Mollie","mallard","moll","dolly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moll","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dame","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"c71d95cc-5dd5-46f6-8e5c-87a291ae6ef1","word":"mom","definition":"A person's mother; informal term of address for one's female parent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mo","root_meaning":"mother","root_language":"Germanic/Indo-European","root_era":"PIE","proto_root":"*meh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mom","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"mom","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"momma","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ma","meaning":"mother","children":[{"era":"PIE","word":"*meh₂-","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mommy","momma","ma","mother","mom's"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mommy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mum","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"0ae7a877-b7dc-4df9-9471-125bf9685887","word":"moment","definition":"A very brief period of time or a particular point in time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"momento","language_family":"latin","root":"momentum","root_meaning":"movement, motion, importance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moment","meaning":"a brief period of time","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"moment","meaning":"moment, instant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"momentum","meaning":"movement, motion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["momentum","momentary","momentous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"second","formality":"informal"},{"word":"instant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"f4c9881a-4dff-45c2-bbd7-696e8df83de0","word":"momentum","definition":"The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"momento","language_family":"latin","root":"movere","root_meaning":"to move","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"momentum","meaning":"quantity of motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"momentum","meaning":"movement, moving power","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moment","motion","motor","move"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impetus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thrust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"0834b34b-56a8-4841-97ce-a10e19af0c57","word":"momma","definition":"An informal term for one's mother.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mamá","language_family":"other","root":"ma-ma","root_meaning":"mother (child's word)","root_language":"Universal (child's word)","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"momma","meaning":"informal term for mother","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"mama","meaning":"child's word for mother","children":[{"era":null,"word":"(universal)","meaning":"onomatopoeic representation of a baby's first sounds","children":[],"language":"universal"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mama","mommy","mother","maternal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mama","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mommy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"602d7b11-507f-428f-8643-35dfac19a6e9","word":"mon","definition":"Dialectal or informal form of man, used in some Caribbean and Scottish English.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"man","root_meaning":"adult male human","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*man-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mon","meaning":"dialectal form of man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"adult male human","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*man-","meaning":"to think, have intelligence","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["man","men","manly","mankind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fellow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"guy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"74ac30ed-cd9e-491a-8176-4339d02d4601","word":"monarch","definition":"A sovereign head of state, especially a king or queen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monarca","language_family":"greek","root":"monarkhēs","root_meaning":"sole ruler","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"monárkhēs (μονάρχης)","meaning":"Sole ruler. From monos (alone, single) + arkhein (to rule).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"monarch","meaning":"A sole ruler, a king or queen.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"monarca","meaning":"Monarch.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["monarchy","monarchist","anarchy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"king","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"45778e66-09e9-4a84-ab65-3314ab141967","word":"monarchy","definition":"A monarchy is a system of government ruled by a king or queen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monarquía","language_family":"greek","root":"monarkhia","root_meaning":"rule by one","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monarchy","meaning":"rule by a single sovereign","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"monarchie","meaning":"rule by one; monarchy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monarchia","meaning":"rule by one; monarchy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μοναρχία (monarkhia)","meaning":"rule by one","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μόνος (monos)","meaning":"single; alone","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"ἀρχειν (archein)","meaning":"to rule; to lead","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monarch","monarchical","monarchist","monarchism","monarchic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kingship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"royal rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereignty","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"9c325a56-72fd-40fc-aeb4-20ae6b8afb69","word":"monastery","definition":"A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monasterio","language_family":"greek","root":"monasterion","root_meaning":"hermitage, monastery","root_language":"Late Greek","root_era":"null","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monastery","meaning":"religious community building","children":[{"era":"null","word":"monasterium","meaning":"monastery","children":[{"era":"null","word":"monasterion","meaning":"hermitage, monastery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monazein","meaning":"to live alone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monos","meaning":"alone","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monk","monastic","solo","monologue","monogamy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abbey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"priory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"5d5a439c-9074-4017-a59a-c441d15944a7","word":"monday","definition":"The second day of the week, following Sunday and preceding Tuesday.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lunes","language_family":"germanic","root":"monan","root_meaning":"the Moon","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*menonas","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Monday","meaning":"the Moon's day, second day of the week","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Monandæg","meaning":"Moon's day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Monan","meaning":"the Moon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mēnōn-","meaning":"the Moon","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Moon","moonday","lunar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lunes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"second weekday","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"9f5769a8-cefb-498d-a5d5-0f24317c1c7b","word":"mondo","definition":"Borrowed from Italian meaning 'world,' used in English as an intensifying adjective or adverb to mean extreme, bizarre, or on a vast scale, popularized by the 1962 Italian film Mondo Cane.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mundo","language_family":"latin","root":"mundus","root_meaning":"world, universe; also elegant, clean","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"mondo","meaning":"extreme, bizarre, world-scale","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"mondo","meaning":"world","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mundus","meaning":"world, universe; the heavens; elegance","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*mend-","meaning":"to be clean, to restore (debated)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English (slang)"},"related_words":["mundane","mundus","monde","immonde","cosmopolitan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outrageous","formality":"informal"},{"word":"colossal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mega","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"b7de3c4e-c657-48da-a5c0-03ffda7ce939","word":"monetary","definition":"Relating to money or currency.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"monetario","language_family":"latin","root":"moneta","root_meaning":"mint, coin, money","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monetary","meaning":"relating to money","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monetarius","meaning":"of or belonging to a mint, coiner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moneta","meaning":"mint, coin, money","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["money","mint","monetize","monetarism","monetary policy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"financial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pecuniary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fiscal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"a2076a0e-bccc-4f4a-a892-a3926d6cd111","word":"money","definition":"A medium of exchange used to buy goods and services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moneda","language_family":"latin","root":"moneta","root_meaning":"coin, mint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"money","meaning":"medium of exchange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moneta","meaning":"coin, mint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Moneta","meaning":"goddess of wealth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monetary","monied","moneyed","moneymaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"currency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"funds","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"25796e90-6b83-4dcf-9dea-6a44d6cadad3","word":"monitor","definition":"A device for observing, checking, or keeping track of something; or to watch and check something regularly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monitor","language_family":"latin","root":"monere","root_meaning":"to warn, remind, advise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monitor","meaning":"device for observing or to observe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monitor","meaning":"one who warns","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monere","meaning":"to warn, remind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monitoring","monitored","admonish","monition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"screen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"79003737-3499-4f5f-97cc-b82478dcb074","word":"monitoring","definition":"The action of observing and checking the progress or quality of something over time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monitoreo","language_family":"latin","root":"monere","root_meaning":"to warn, to remind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monitoring","meaning":"observing and checking progress","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"monitor","meaning":"one who reminds or warns","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monitor","meaning":"reminder, warner, from monere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monere","meaning":"to warn, to remind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monitor","monition","admonish","demonstrate","monument"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supervision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"surveillance","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"0e16a78c-e489-4baf-9fb0-9959fdcd1b80","word":"monk","definition":"A member of a religious community of men, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monje","language_family":"greek","root":"monakhos","root_meaning":"solitary","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mon-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monk","meaning":"A member of a religious community of men, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"monk","meaning":"monk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monachus","meaning":"monk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monakhos","meaning":"solitary","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monastic","monastery","monochrome","monotheism","monasticism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"friar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hermit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cenobite","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"1a24eda9-eb87-4da3-ac5c-2b85544bb75f","word":"mono","definition":"A combining form meaning 'one,' 'single,' 'alone.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mono","language_family":"greek","root":"monos","root_meaning":"alone, single","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mono","meaning":"one, single","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monos","meaning":"alone, single","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English (combining form)"},"related_words":["monochrome","monopoly","monogamy","monorail","monotone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"single","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sole","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lone","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"1a82ebe1-ff2f-4870-b763-d910d8a6b631","word":"monopoly","definition":"The exclusive possession or control of the supply of a commodity or service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monopolio","language_family":"greek","root":"monopōlion","root_meaning":"exclusive sale","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"monopṓlion (μονοπώλιον)","meaning":"Right of exclusive sale. From monos (single, alone) + pōlein (to sell).","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"monopoly","meaning":"Exclusive control of a market.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"monopolio","meaning":"Monopoly.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["monopolize","monopolist","oligopoly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"domination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exclusive control","formality":"formal"},{"word":"corner","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f26b0788-9b7d-438c-974f-c3fb7c712996","word":"monsieur","definition":"A title or form of address for a French-speaking man, equivalent to Mr.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"señor","language_family":"french","root":"mon sieur","root_meaning":"my lord","root_language":"French","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monsieur","meaning":"French title for a man","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"monsieur","meaning":"my lord","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mon sieur","meaning":"my lord","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mon","meaning":"my","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"meus","meaning":"my","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"sieur","meaning":"lord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senior","meaning":"older, elder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["madam","mademoiselle","sir"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentleman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lord","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"04149a00-2170-4609-948b-5f04d08135f9","word":"monsignor","definition":"A Roman Catholic title of respect for certain clerics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monseñor","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin senior","root_meaning":"older; elder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monsignor","meaning":"a Roman Catholic title of respect for certain clerics","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"monsignore","meaning":"my lord; a clerical honorific","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senior","meaning":"older; elder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["senior","seigneur","señor","signor","monsignore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prelate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cleric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ecclesiastic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"15c8c00f-8a50-4842-9703-18818456f279","word":"monsoon","definition":"A seasonal reversing wind pattern accompanied by heavy rainfall, especially the system bringing summer rains to South and Southeast Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monzón","language_family":"other","root":"mawsim","root_meaning":"season, fixed time of year","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monsoon","meaning":"seasonal wind; rainy season","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"monssoen","meaning":"monsoon season","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"monção","meaning":"monsoon season","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"mawsim","meaning":"season, fixed time","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"wasama","meaning":"to mark, brand","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monsoonal","pre-monsoon","post-monsoon","monsoons"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rainy season","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wet season","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seasonal rains","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"975bf628-f2ad-4065-a122-17c02e18f31f","word":"monster","definition":"An imaginary creature that is typically large, ugly, and frightening, or a person who is cruel or wicked.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monstruo","language_family":"latin","root":"monstrum","root_meaning":"divine omen, abnormal event","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monster","meaning":"frightening creature","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"monstre","meaning":"monster, prodigy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monstrum","meaning":"omen, portent, abnormal appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monere","meaning":"to remind, warn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["demonstrate","admonish","premonition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiend","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ogre","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"717c0e23-b704-43e2-a47f-6436083d9dd6","word":"monte","definition":"A card game of Spanish origin, popular in Mexico and the southwestern United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monte","language_family":"latin","root":"mons, montis","root_meaning":"mountain, hill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*monti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monte","meaning":"card game","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"monte","meaning":"mountain, heap (of cards)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mons, montis","meaning":"mountain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mountain","mount","montane","Montenegro"],"synonyms":[{"word":"card game","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gambling game","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"7272ff3d-2c20-4d1a-bdfe-1f7010c5d886","word":"month","definition":"A period of time corresponding to one of the twelve divisions of a year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mes","language_family":"germanic","root":"monath","root_meaning":"month, moon","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"month","meaning":"one of twelve divisions of a year","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"month","meaning":"month, moon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"monath","meaning":"month, moon","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"moon, measure","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monthly","moon","lunar","menstrual","menses"],"synonyms":[{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lunar cycle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"moon","formality":"literary"},{"word":"span","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:59:31.367Z"}
{"id":"acb30a90-693d-4b14-b1c3-814772cc8b47","word":"monthly","definition":"Occurring or produced once a month or every month.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mēnōth","root_meaning":"month, moon","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mēn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monthly","meaning":"occurring once a month","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"month","meaning":"period of approximately 30 days","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mēnōth","meaning":"month, moon","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["month","moon","Monday","monthly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mensual","formality":"technical"},{"word":"periodic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recurring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"512aa437-a08b-4c1f-8c80-86223f39baf5","word":"months","definition":"Periods of time approximately equal to a twelfth of a year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"meses","language_family":"germanic","root":"monath","root_meaning":"moon, month","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*mensis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"months","meaning":"calendar periods","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"month","meaning":"moon, month","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"monath","meaning":"moon","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["month","monthly","moon","moonth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calendar periods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lunar cycles","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"7f38b8fd-73c1-43a3-8858-1b3cb5f0b169","word":"monument","definition":"A statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a notable person or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"monumento","language_family":"latin","root":"monumentum","root_meaning":"a reminder, memorial","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"monument","meaning":"A structure to commemorate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monumentum","meaning":"a reminder, memorial","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"monere","meaning":"to remind, advise","children":[{"era":"pre-800 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monumental","admonish","monitor","remind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"memorial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edifice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tribute","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"e6608459-b552-45a1-acd4-5edb6e2863cf","word":"moo","definition":"To make the characteristic lowing sound of a cow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moo","meaning":"to make the characteristic cry of a cow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mūgire","meaning":"to low, moo (a comparative cognate)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mooed","mooing","mooer","moo-cow","low","mooing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"low","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"98a4f184-fe9b-43c5-8f5d-11531c933627","word":"mood","definition":"A temporary state of mind or feeling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mōd","root_meaning":"heart, mind, spirit, courage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mood","meaning":"A temporary state of mind or feeling","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mood","meaning":"state of mind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōd","meaning":"heart, mind, spirit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moody","temper","disposition","emotional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"temper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disposition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feeling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"c6318428-ea91-449e-8c50-33de8ea613b0","word":"moody","definition":"Given to sudden or frequent changes of mood; temperamental.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*mōdagaz","root_meaning":"spirited; brave; proud","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moody","meaning":"given to sudden or frequent changes of mood","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mody","meaning":"moody; bold; proud","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōdig","meaning":"brave; proud; spirited","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mōdagaz","meaning":"spirited; brave; proud","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mood","moodily","moodiness","overmoody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"temperamental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capricious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sullen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brooding","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"0b18ff14-72f3-4008-aa64-964b90dd1b46","word":"moon","definition":"Earth's natural satellite that orbits the planet and reflects sunlight to illuminate the night sky.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mona","root_meaning":"moon, month, measurement of time","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*menh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moon","meaning":"Earth's satellite","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"moon","meaning":"the moon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mona","meaning":"moon, month","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mona","meaning":"moon, month","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*menh₂-","meaning":"moon, month, to measure","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["month","moonlight","lunar","mooncalf","honeymoon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lunar satellite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"celestial body","formality":"formal"},{"word":"satellite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"134ee44a-5480-47d3-a921-ddbbd3f1f6b9","word":"moor","definition":"An open, uncultivated tract of land, often peaty and sometimes marshy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *mōraz","root_meaning":"moor; marsh; swampy wasteland","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*móri","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moor","meaning":"an open, uncultivated tract of land","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"mor","meaning":"moor, marsh, wasteland","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōr","meaning":"moor, marsh, wasteland","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mōraz","meaning":"moor; marsh; swampy wasteland","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moorland","moorish","moory","morass","mire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heath","formality":"literary"},{"word":"wasteland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bog","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"94073162-410d-4e0a-8ac5-4b9c02a1d3cf","word":"moose","definition":"A large North American deer with a broad, flattened muzzle and enormous antlers in the male.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"moosu","root_meaning":"he strips off","root_language":"Eastern Abenaki","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moose","meaning":"large deer","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"moose","meaning":"large deer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"moosu","meaning":"he strips off","children":[],"language":"Eastern Abenaki"}],"language":"North American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deer","elk","wapiti"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cervine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ungulate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"0df67e2a-da1f-460a-b16f-eb7fb6b33e39","word":"moral","definition":"Concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"moral","language_family":"latin","root":"mōrālis","root_meaning":"of or relating to manners or morals","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"mōs","meaning":"Custom, habit, manner.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"moral","meaning":"Of right and wrong.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"moral","meaning":"Moral, ethical.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["morality","moralize","immoral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ethical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"virtuous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"right","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"46a898bc-8bfb-422d-bca2-0431453a75c5","word":"morale","definition":"The confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group at a particular time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moral","language_family":"french","root":"moral","root_meaning":"moral, pertaining to conduct","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morale","meaning":"confidence/enthusiasm","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"morale","meaning":"spirit, courage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moralis","meaning":"pertaining to morals","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mos","meaning":"custom, habit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moral","morality","demoralize","mores","moralize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confidence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enthusiasm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"temper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"cb201e30-68ed-4e0f-8ee3-87a0afc882fe","word":"morality","definition":"Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moralidad","language_family":"latin","root":"moralitas","root_meaning":"manner, character, proper conduct","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morality","meaning":"Principles of right and wrong","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"moralite","meaning":"moral character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moralitas","meaning":"manner, character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"moralis","meaning":"relating to manners","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mos","meaning":"custom, manner","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moral","demoralize","mores","immoral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ethics","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"principles","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"30ca5866-01c2-4bc9-b4da-cbf0746f9cf0","word":"morbid","definition":"Morbid means relating to disease or, by extension, unnaturally fascinated with death or suffering.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mórbido","language_family":"latin","root":"morbus","root_meaning":"disease, illness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morbid","meaning":"relating to disease or an unhealthy fascination with death","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"morbidus","meaning":"sickly, diseased","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"morbus","meaning":"disease, illness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["morbidity","morbidly","morbidness","morbific","morbus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sickly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diseased","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ghoulish","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"30fd8f47-8757-4551-86ba-60cc1af005f7","word":"more","definition":"A greater or additional amount or quantity.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mara","root_meaning":"greater","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meuro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"more","meaning":"greater or additional quantity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mara","meaning":"greater","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*meuro-","meaning":"great","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moreover","most","morsel","major"],"synonyms":[{"word":"greater","formality":"formal"},{"word":"additional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extra","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"96bd9890-a281-4209-953f-415481ff857c","word":"morgue","definition":"A place where dead bodies are kept temporarily for identification or autopsy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"morgue","language_family":"french","root":"morguer","root_meaning":"to look at insolently, to scrutinize","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morgue","meaning":"A place where dead bodies are kept temporarily for identification or autopsy.","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"morgue","meaning":"place for unidentified bodies","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"morguer","meaning":"to look at insolently, to scrutinize","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"mortuary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"funeral home","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charnel house","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"d49f1b3b-e720-4257-99c2-dd98da81b10a","word":"morning","definition":"The early part of the day, from sunrise to noon or midday.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mañana","language_family":"germanic","root":"morgen","root_meaning":"morning; early part of day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morning","meaning":"early part of the day","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"mornyng","meaning":"early part of day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"morgen","meaning":"morning; early part of day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["morn","mornings","morning-glory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daybreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forenoon","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"9c6b0610-4115-470f-bc5b-0da893f527dd","word":"morocco","definition":"A fine flexible leather, usually made of goatskin, used for bookbinding and shoes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Murrākuš","root_meaning":"Marrakech (city in Morocco)","root_language":"Berber/Arabic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morocco","meaning":"a fine flexible leather, usually made of goatskin, used for bookbinding and shoes","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Maroc","meaning":"Morocco (country)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Murrākuš","meaning":"Marrakech (city)","children":[],"language":"Berber/Arabic"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Moroccan","leather","Marrakech"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"goatskin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"saffian","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"e1c1791c-8b86-42a2-b520-c9c72cef55a5","word":"moron","definition":"A person of subnormal intelligence; a foolish or stupid person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"mōros","root_meaning":"foolish, stupid","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moron","meaning":"a foolish person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mōros","meaning":"foolish, stupid","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moronic","oxymoron","sophomore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dunce","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"850fe736-340d-49ff-96cf-74505f05c5d0","word":"morphine","definition":"An analgesic and sedative alkaloid narcotic drug obtained from opium, named after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"morfina","language_family":"greek","root":"Morpheus","root_meaning":"god of dreams","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morphine","meaning":"an opiate drug","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Morphin","meaning":"the drug","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Morpheus","meaning":"god of dreams","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"morphē","meaning":"form, shape","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["morpheus","morphology","amorphous","metamorphosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opiate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"analgesic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"narcotic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"d9f1f51c-2fc0-4668-a986-35d6209525c5","word":"morrow","definition":"The next day or, poetically, the morning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*murginaz","root_meaning":"morning","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"morrow","meaning":"the next day; morning","children":[{"era":"c. 1200–1500","word":"morwe","meaning":"morning; next day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"morgen","meaning":"morning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*murginaz","meaning":"morning","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tomorrow","morning","morn","overmorrow","yestermorrow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tomorrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"next day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"following day","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"cd7f5966-7e42-4abb-b719-34e8ea965b71","word":"mort","definition":"Mort is a literary or archaic noun meaning death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"muerte","language_family":"french","root":"mors","root_meaning":"death","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mort","meaning":"death","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"mort","meaning":"dead; death","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mortuus","meaning":"dead","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mori","meaning":"to die","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortal","mortality","mortify","mortuary","immortal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"death","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decease","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"b86bad75-dcad-4fd0-916d-6d4b46812d14","word":"mortal","definition":"Subject to death; causing death.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mortal","language_family":"latin","root":"mortalis","root_meaning":"subject to death","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mortal","meaning":"subject to death","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"mortal","meaning":"subject to death","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mortalis","meaning":"subject to death","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mors, mort-","meaning":"death","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortality","immortal","mortuary","mortify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deadly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fatal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"human","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"7482df44-db9f-4c5d-86c6-567866c65c06","word":"mortality","definition":"The state of being subject to death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mortalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"mortalis","root_meaning":"mortal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mortality","meaning":"The state of being subject to death.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mortalité","meaning":"mortality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mortalitas","meaning":"mortality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mortalis","meaning":"mortal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mors","meaning":"death","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortal","mortician","morbid","amortize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"death","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impermanence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transience","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"2ad09aeb-df38-4bf8-9bf3-3647da561337","word":"mortar","definition":"A paste used to bond bricks or stone, or the bowl used for grinding substances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mortero","language_family":"latin","root":"mortarium","root_meaning":"mortar; grinding bowl","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mortar","meaning":"a paste used to bond bricks or stone, or the bowl used for grinding substances","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"mortier","meaning":"mortar; mortar shell; grinding vessel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mortarium","meaning":"mortar; mill bowl","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortared","mortaring","mortarboard","mortarless","mortarium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masonry mix","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"binding compound","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"4300112f-c16b-466f-89df-4147b0311738","word":"mortgage","definition":"A legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property, with the property as security.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hipoteca","language_family":"french","root":"Old French mortgage","root_meaning":"death pledge","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*mort (death) + *gage (pledge)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Mortgage","meaning":"property loan agreement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mortgage","meaning":"death pledge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mort","meaning":"death","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"gage","meaning":"pledge, security","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortgagee","mortgagor","pledge","loan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"home loan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secured loan","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"d9d5ed1a-eb2d-481e-952f-237b34f1ee23","word":"morton","definition":"A surname of English and Scottish origin, derived from a place name meaning 'moor town.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Mortun","root_meaning":"moor town","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meh₁r- (moor), *dʰewh₂- (town)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Morton","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Mortun","meaning":"moor town","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōr","meaning":"moor, wasteland","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tūn","meaning":"enclosure, settlement, town","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English place name"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moor","town","ton","Sutton","Moorland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"technical"},{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cognomen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"patronym","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"6a713fdc-d02b-4ad4-9966-cea28610043d","word":"mortuary","definition":"A mortuary is a place where dead bodies are kept before burial or cremation, or a funeral home.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mortuorio","language_family":"latin","root":"mori","root_meaning":"to die","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"late 14th century","word":"mortuary","meaning":"a place for the dead or for burial-related services","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"mortuarius","meaning":"of the dead; funeral-related","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mortuus","meaning":"dead","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mori","meaning":"to die","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mer-","meaning":"to die","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortal","mortality","mortician","mortify","post-mortem","morgue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"funeral home","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"morgue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"funeral parlor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"48c33a3e-8def-45f0-9933-72c533fcfa60","word":"mosque","definition":"A Muslim place of worship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mezquita","language_family":"other","root":"masjid","root_meaning":"place of prostration","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mosque","meaning":"Muslim place of worship","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"mosquée","meaning":"mosque","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"moschea","meaning":"mosque","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"masjid","meaning":"place of prostration","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["minaret","imam","Islam","Muslim"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prayer house","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"worship place","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"4924f2ab-e914-4398-b055-09e45ffb93fa","word":"mosquito","definition":"A mosquito is a small fly-like insect whose females bite and suck blood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mosquito","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin musca","root_meaning":"fly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mosquito","meaning":"a small blood-feeding fly-like insect","children":[{"era":"medieval to modern","word":"Spanish mosca","meaning":"fly","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Spanish mosquito","meaning":"little gnat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin musca","meaning":"fly","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"Proto-Indo-European *mu-","meaning":"gnat; fly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mosquitoes","mosquital","mosquito-borne","mosquito-net","skeeter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gnat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skeeter","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"101faa1f-0f9c-4e12-af41-b1e4dfc03097","word":"moss","definition":"A small, soft, green plant that grows in moist, shady places, typically forming a dense mat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"musgo","language_family":"germanic","root":"mos","root_meaning":"moss, bog","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*musą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moss","meaning":"small green plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mos","meaning":"moss, bog","children":[{"era":"pre-500s","word":"*musą","meaning":"moss","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mossy","marsh","bog","mire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bryophyte","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lichen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vegetation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"8112c79f-2520-4686-8732-2fe309680c11","word":"most","definition":"The greatest amount, quantity, or degree; the majority.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"más","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English māst","root_meaning":"most, greatest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"most","meaning":"greatest amount or degree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"māst","meaning":"most, greatest","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*mes-","meaning":"to measure, most","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["more","much","mostly","utmost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"majority","formality":"formal"},{"word":"greatest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"predominance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"af6c7463-3fef-48bd-a8d3-691ead48cf25","word":"mostly","definition":"In the greatest part or degree; for the most part; mainly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"most","root_meaning":"greatest in quantity or degree","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*maistaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mostly","meaning":"for the most part, mainly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"most","meaning":"greatest in amount or degree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*maistaz","meaning":"greatest","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["most","mostly","more"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chiefly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"largely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"988b63a1-b4ac-4b0d-8189-92afa45ed570","word":"moth","definition":"A moth is a usually nocturnal insect in the order Lepidoptera, often resembling a butterfly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *muþþô / *muttô","root_meaning":"moth; worm","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moth","meaning":"a usually nocturnal insect in the order Lepidoptera","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"Middle English moth","meaning":"moth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English moþþe / mohþe / mohþa","meaning":"destructive insect larva; moth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-West Germanic *moþþō / *mottō","meaning":"moth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *muþþô / *muttô","meaning":"moth; worm","children":[{"era":"8000s–3000s BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *mut-","meaning":"worm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moths","mothball","mothproof","moth-eaten","mothlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miller","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"phalene","formality":"literary"},{"word":"night-flyer","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"f895fc3c-0835-427f-8bfa-fb1db9a43524","word":"mother","definition":"A female parent of a child.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"madre","language_family":"germanic","root":"mōdor","root_meaning":"female parent","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*méh₂tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mother","meaning":"female parent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōdor","meaning":"female parent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōdor","meaning":"female parent","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*méh₂tēr","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maternal","maternity","motherly","motherhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mom","formality":"informal"},{"word":"mum","formality":"informal"},{"word":"parent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matron","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"92fe0b3e-29be-455e-856d-88d1ffd58f8b","word":"motherland","definition":"One's native country, especially when imagined as a maternal homeland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mōdorland","root_meaning":"mother land; native country","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"motherland","meaning":"native country","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mother","meaning":"female parent","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"ground; country","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mother","land","homeland","fatherland","mother tongue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homeland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"native land","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fatherland","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"6ce6eb63-19e0-4e39-82a2-61cff7bc891d","word":"motion","definition":"The act or process of moving or changing position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"moción","language_family":"latin","root":"motus","root_meaning":"moved, set in motion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"motion","meaning":"act of moving or changing position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"motion","meaning":"movement, impulse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"motus","meaning":"moved, set in motion","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*meue-","meaning":"to move, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["motor","motivate","motile","movement","emotion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"movement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locomotion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gesture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"8f4f8171-226b-4be9-af96-ad9b94b5488c","word":"motivate","definition":"To provide (someone) with a reason for doing something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"motivar","language_family":"latin","root":"motivus","root_meaning":"moving, impulsive","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"motivate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"motiver","meaning":"to motivate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"motivus","meaning":"moving, impulsive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*meue-","meaning":"to push away","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["motor","motion","motive","emotion","demotion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inspire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stimulate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encourage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"80ced99f-fcfd-4098-be82-973c7c569a6e","word":"motivation","definition":"The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"motivación","language_family":"latin","root":"motivus","root_meaning":"moving, impelling","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"motivation","meaning":"reason for action","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"motivacion","meaning":"movement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"motivus","meaning":"moving, impelling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["motivate","motive","motor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incentive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stimulus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impetus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"5c6f80cf-f5fa-412e-b832-b032f040a191","word":"motive","definition":"A reason for doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"motivo","language_family":"latin","root":"mōtīvus","root_meaning":"moving, impelling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"movēre","meaning":"To move, impel.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"motive","meaning":"A reason, incentive.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"motivo","meaning":"Motive, reason.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["motivate","motivation","motif"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reason","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incentive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"drive","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b91ed4e2-e0f8-4d1e-98e1-4d103d0dd965","word":"motor","definition":"A machine that converts electrical or fuel energy into mechanical motion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"motor","language_family":"latin","root":"motor","root_meaning":"mover, that which moves","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"motor","meaning":"machine that produces motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"motor","meaning":"mover, one who moves","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["motors","motored","motoring","motorist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powerhouse","formality":"informal"},{"word":"actuator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"13e7de63-a491-47e5-bd01-c865e95db849","word":"motorbike","definition":"A motorbike is a two-wheeled motor vehicle, usually called a motorcycle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"motorbike","meaning":"a two-wheeled motor vehicle","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"motor","meaning":"mover; engine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"motor","meaning":"mover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"},{"era":"1800s","word":"bike","meaning":"a bicycle; later, by extension, a motorcycle","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"bicycle","meaning":"a two-wheeled vehicle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bi- + kyklos","meaning":"two + wheel/circle","children":[],"language":"Latin/Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["motor","motorcycle","bike","biker","bicycle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motorcycle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bike","formality":"informal"},{"word":"two-wheeler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"fe01aa72-4162-4df7-91ce-2311e4e596bf","word":"motorola","definition":"An American multinational telecommunications company known for manufacturing mobile phones and other communication devices.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"motor + -ola","root_meaning":"engine + diminutive/trademark suffix","root_language":"English neologism","root_era":"1928","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Motorola","meaning":"telecommunications company","children":[{"era":"1928","word":"Motor-ola","meaning":"motor + brand suffix","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"motor","meaning":"engine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"motus","meaning":"movement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1928","word":"-ola","meaning":"brand suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Motorola RAZR","Motorola Droid","mobile phone","communication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"phone manufacturer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"telecom company","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"2a7a0d8c-7348-4668-af51-d3b62895cd4e","word":"motto","definition":"A short sentence or phrase chosen to express the guiding principle or ideal of a person, group, or institution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"muttum","root_meaning":"a grunt, a mutter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"motto","meaning":"Guiding principle phrase","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"motto","meaning":"word, saying","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"muttum","meaning":"a grunt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"muttire","meaning":"to mutter, to utter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mutter","motif","mutiny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slogan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maxim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"credo","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"16cc339f-09ce-4528-935f-3d2d8cd1ad12","word":"mount","definition":"To climb up or on; a mountain; an animal for riding; to set or attach something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"monte","language_family":"latin","root":"montare","root_meaning":"to climb, to go up a mountain","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"mount","meaning":"to climb, to ascend","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"monter","meaning":"to go up, to climb","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"montare","meaning":"to climb, ascend a mountain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mons","meaning":"mountain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["mounted","mounting","dismount","mountain","mountaineer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"climb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ascend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"board","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"4c98ddd4-3834-479b-a4a8-1d4208b5bda4","word":"mountain","definition":"A large natural elevation of the earth's surface with steep sides.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"montaña","language_family":"latin","root":"montanus","root_meaning":"of a mountain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mountain","meaning":"large natural elevation of earth's surface","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mountaine","meaning":"mountain","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"montagne","meaning":"mountain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"montanus","meaning":"of a mountain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mons","meaning":"mountain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mountainous","mountaineer","mountain-dwelling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mount","formality":"formal"},{"word":"summit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"5a2eb1e5-ac80-4ea2-982c-8e174b225631","word":"mourn","definition":"To feel or express deep sorrow or grief, typically for the death of someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"murnan","root_meaning":"to mourn, remember","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*murnan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mourn","meaning":"to feel sorrow","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mournen","meaning":"to mourn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"murnan","meaning":"to mourn, remember","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*murnan-","meaning":"to care, remember, mourn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mourning","mournful","unmourned","lament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bewail","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"47614f2b-0311-473f-a4bb-55e482a25499","word":"mouse","definition":"A small rodent with a pointed snout and long tail, or a computer input device.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ratón","language_family":"germanic","root":"mus","root_meaning":"mouse","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mouse","meaning":"small rodent or computer device","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"mous","meaning":"mouse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mus","meaning":"mouse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mice","mouser","mousy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rodent","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cursor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"e81b7062-4853-44a2-a0a4-b06cbb925304","word":"mouth","definition":"The opening in the lower part of the human face, surrounded by the lips, through which food is taken in and sounds are emitted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mūþ","root_meaning":"mouth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*munþaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mouth","meaning":"oral cavity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mouth","meaning":"mouth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mūþ","meaning":"mouth","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*munþaz","meaning":"mouth","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ment-","meaning":"chin, mouth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maw","muzzle","molar","munch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oral cavity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gob","formality":"informal"},{"word":"trap","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"81ebd3fc-1a74-448e-a1eb-c4d8b1237557","word":"move","definition":"To change position or location, or to cause emotion or action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mover","language_family":"latin","root":"movere","root_meaning":"to move, set in motion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"move","meaning":"to change position or cause emotion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move, set in motion","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*mew-","meaning":"to move, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["movable","movement","motive","motor","motion","remove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relocate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"budge","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stir","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"2dba17d8-6b22-48ea-9c14-96b830a4caf9","word":"moved","definition":"Past tense of move; changed position or location, or caused emotional response.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"movere","root_meaning":"to set in motion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moved","meaning":"changed position; affected emotionally","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"move","meaning":"to change location","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"movoir","meaning":"to move, set in motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to set in motion, move","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*meue-","meaning":"to push, move","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["move","movement","mobile","motion","remove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relocated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shifted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"touched","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affected","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"b4b1d98d-102a-426e-88d9-56251680f07f","word":"movement","definition":"An act or process of moving or changing position or place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"movimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"movimentum","root_meaning":"motion, movement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"movement","meaning":"act of moving or changing position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"movement","meaning":"act of moving","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"movementum","meaning":"motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["move","mobile","motor","momentum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"displacement","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shift","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"9083dec2-9542-40a7-aaee-49933a740c9c","word":"mover","definition":"A person or company that transports household goods or office equipment from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"movere","root_meaning":"to move","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"16th Century","word":"mover","meaning":"one who moves","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"move","meaning":"to change position","children":[{"era":"12th Century","word":"movoir","meaning":"to move","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["move","movement","movable","mobile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relocator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"removalist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"d8ec5048-2b3a-45be-a43c-331232c4ec12","word":"movie","definition":"A motion picture or film for entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"película","language_family":"germanic","root":"moving picture","root_meaning":"picture that moves","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"movie","meaning":"motion picture","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"moving picture","meaning":"picture that moves","children":[{"era":"pre-1800","word":"moving","meaning":"motion","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["movies","film","cinema","motion picture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"film","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motion picture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flick","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"5cd88412-9e8e-4026-bb74-a60ff32caa49","word":"movies","definition":"Moving pictures or films, especially those produced for entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"movere","root_meaning":"to move","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"movies","meaning":"moving pictures, films","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"movie","meaning":"a motion picture","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"moving picture","meaning":"pictures that move","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["movie","motion","movable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"films","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pictures","formality":"informal"},{"word":"motion pictures","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"4d9ba2e9-a278-4cd5-9442-c38f8f25ae50","word":"moving","definition":"Present participle of move; changing position or causing emotional response.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"movere","root_meaning":"to move, set in motion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"moving","meaning":"changing position or affecting emotionally","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"move","meaning":"to change place, to stir","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move, set in motion","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*meue-","meaning":"to move, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["move","movement","movable","removed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shifting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"touching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affecting","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"e6deae39-7ccb-42ad-9c24-1ebc8897a6c9","word":"msn","definition":"An acronym for Microsoft Network, a web portal and internet service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Microsoft Network","root_meaning":"company abbreviation","root_language":"English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"MSN","meaning":"Microsoft Network","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"Microsoft","meaning":"software company","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"Micro + soft","meaning":"small + flexible","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1960s","word":"Network","meaning":"interconnected computers","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Microsoft","internet","portal","network"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"website","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"service","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"347736d9-1210-410d-ae4a-c3406bee0095","word":"much","definition":"A large amount or degree of something.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"muchel","root_meaning":"great, large","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*meuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"much","meaning":"large amount or degree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"muchel","meaning":"great, large","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*meuk-","meaning":"to increase, grow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["many","more","most","muchal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"a lot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"considerable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substantial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.994Z"}
{"id":"20e4c702-df34-4013-97ac-8360aeb4b55b","word":"mud","definition":"Soft, sticky matter resulting from the mixing of earth and water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"null","language_family":"germanic","root":"mud","root_meaning":"mud","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mud","meaning":"wet earth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"modde","meaning":"mud","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["muddy","mudroom","muddle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silt","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"843c66f7-69b5-4155-bd95-327ae8d1b48f","word":"muddy","definition":"Covered with mud or made thick and dirty with it.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mudde","root_meaning":"soft wet earth","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"muddy","meaning":"covered with or like mud","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mud","meaning":"soft wet earth","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"forming adjectives with the sense of having or full of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mud","muddiness","mudslide","mudflat","mudbath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dirty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murky","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grimy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"d27850bf-5b6d-4384-9c05-2dad64efb020","word":"muffle","definition":"To wrap or cover something to deaden a sound, for warmth, or for concealment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"moufle","root_meaning":"thick glove, mitten","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"muffle","meaning":"to wrap or cover","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"moufle","meaning":"thick glove","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"moufle","meaning":"sleeve","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["muff","glove","cover","wrap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dampen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shroud","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"9a4559c9-1fa4-4716-8fbe-06b5995c9170","word":"mug","definition":"A large drinking cup, typically cylindrical with a handle and made of thick material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mugge","root_meaning":"drinking vessel","root_language":"Scandinavian","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mug","meaning":"drinking cup","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"mugge","meaning":"drinking vessel","children":[],"language":"Scandinavian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cup","beaker","tankard","vessel","drink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tankard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stein","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"64424ea4-ff93-4c19-a9a9-df86a4d209a8","word":"mule","definition":"The sterile hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mula","language_family":"latin","root":"mulus","root_meaning":"mule","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mule","meaning":"Hybrid animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mulet","meaning":"mule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mulus","meaning":"mule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mulish","mulatto","ass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"donkey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinny","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hybrid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"ece70254-b96f-4b4d-9053-30149f99c03a","word":"muller","definition":"A flat-bottomed pestle or grinding stone used to pulverize pigments, drugs, or other materials on a flat surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"molere","root_meaning":"to grind, to crush grain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*melh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"muller","meaning":"grinding implement","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"mullen / moller","meaning":"one who grinds; grinding stone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mola / molere","meaning":"millstone; to grind","children":[{"era":"4000–2500 BCE","word":"*melh₂-","meaning":"to crush, to grind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mill","meal","miller","molar","immolate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pestle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grinding stone","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"90b2c2b8-044c-4eb2-babe-42a78e01085a","word":"multi","definition":"A prefix meaning many or multiple.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"multi","language_family":"latin","root":"multus","root_meaning":"many","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"multi","meaning":"prefix meaning many","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multi-","meaning":"many","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multus","meaning":"many, much","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["multiple","multiply","multitude","multimedia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"multiple","formality":"formal"},{"word":"many","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"various","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"6fd93c17-f87a-4949-9b4b-58379289ceac","word":"multimedia","definition":"The combination of different media formats such as text, audio, video, and graphics in a single application.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"multimedia","language_family":"latin","root":"multi- + media","root_meaning":"many + means or mediums","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1970s","word":"multimedia","meaning":"combination of different media formats","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multi-","meaning":"many","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"media","meaning":"means, mediums, plural of medium","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["multimedia","multimodal","medium","media"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mixed media","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"integrated media","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"cfe85efa-2361-4edd-9fc5-f2aa14d0c208","word":"multiple","definition":"Many in number; consisting of or affecting several elements or parts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"múltiple","language_family":"latin","root":"multus","root_meaning":"many","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"multiple","meaning":"many, consisting of several","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"multiple","meaning":"many","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multiplex","meaning":"many-fold, various","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multus","meaning":"many","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["multiply","multiplex","multiple sclerosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numerous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"several","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"many","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"3ad75dab-3d5e-4fab-b773-ec7b80d4af05","word":"multiply","definition":"To increase in number or amount, or to produce by repeated addition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"multiplicar","language_family":"latin","root":"plicāre","root_meaning":"to fold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"multiply","meaning":"to increase in number","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"multiplien","meaning":"to multiply","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"multiplier","meaning":"to multiply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multiplicāre","meaning":"to increase, multiply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multiplex","meaning":"many-fold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"multi- + plicāre","meaning":"\"many\" + \"to fold\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["multiple","multiplicity","multiplex","multiplyer","multiplication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"increase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proliferate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"duplicate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"bce9801e-629d-4309-ad6c-93a49a996e02","word":"mum","definition":"Silent or quiet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mum","root_meaning":"silent","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mum","meaning":"Silent or quiet.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mum","meaning":"silent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"(onomatopoeic origin)","meaning":"sound of closed lips","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mumble","mute","murmur","dumb","hush"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hushed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speechless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"45487251-4a15-44ec-b841-365af741fddb","word":"mumble","definition":"To speak indistinctly and quietly, making it difficult for others to hear.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"momelen","root_meaning":"to chew, mumble","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*mum-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mumble","meaning":"To speak indistinctly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"momelen","meaning":"to chew, mumble","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*mum-","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mutter","murmur","grumble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murmur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whisper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"5ee13b0a-6769-450d-9bd3-bfa28008913e","word":"mummy","definition":"A body of a human or animal that has been ceremonially preserved.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"momia","language_family":"other","root":"mūmīyā","root_meaning":"bitumen, embalmed body","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mummy","meaning":"preserved body","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mumie","meaning":"mummy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mumia","meaning":"embalmed body, bitumen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"mūmīyā","meaning":"bitumen, embalmed body","children":[],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["embalm","bitumen","mummify","momia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embalmed body","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cadaver","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preserved corpse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"aa1607d3-1a03-4dd8-80bb-98b6c2d100d7","word":"munch","definition":"To munch is to chew something with steady, vigorous bites, often noisily.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"munch","meaning":"to chew noisily or vigorously","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"munch","meaning":"sound-symbolic chewing verb","children":[],"language":"English imitative formation"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["munches","munched","munching","muncher","munchable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gnaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gobble","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"532c8a2c-feef-4178-88a1-83d43b1670f4","word":"municipal","definition":"Relating to a city or town or its governing body.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"municipal","language_family":"latin","root":"municipalis","root_meaning":"belonging to a free town","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"municipal","meaning":"relating to a city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"municipalis","meaning":"belonging to a free town","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"municipium","meaning":"a free town, a community","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["municipality","commune","citizen","common","immunity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"civic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"urban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"local","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"eda09c8e-8566-43cb-9507-f82f3eda9be1","word":"murder","definition":"The unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"morth","root_meaning":"death, murder, deadly sin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"murder","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"morthor","meaning":"death, murder","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"murthra","meaning":"murder","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*mer-","meaning":"to die, to kill","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mortal","mortuary","morbid","mortality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homicide","formality":"formal"},{"word":"killing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assassination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slaying","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"4c4319d4-b083-45e7-95c4-cc3ea889dd3f","word":"murderer","definition":"A person who commits the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"morthor","root_meaning":"secret killing, murder","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"murderer","meaning":"one who commits unlawful premeditated killing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"murderer","meaning":"one who murders","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"morthor / myrðrian","meaning":"secret killing, to murder","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*murþrą","meaning":"murder","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*mer-","meaning":"to die","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["murder","murderous","murderess","murdering","murderously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"killer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slayer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"assassin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"homicide","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"c0e10bbd-8662-494e-9c50-5399a84a5cfa","word":"murderous","definition":"Showing a tendency or desire to kill, or characterized by murder.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *murþrą","root_meaning":"murder; killing","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"murderous","meaning":"showing a tendency or desire to kill","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"murder + -ous","meaning":"formed from murder plus an adjectival suffix","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"murder","meaning":"murder, secret killing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*murþrą","meaning":"murder, killing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ous","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning 'full of'","children":[],"language":"Old French / Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["murder","murderer","murderousness","murderously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homicidal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deadly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lethal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"0f9c82ce-a6aa-4c96-9691-06505eb7e475","word":"murmur","definition":"To make a soft, low, and continuous sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"murmullo","language_family":"latin","root":"murmur","root_meaning":"murmuring, a low, continuous sound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"murmur","meaning":"To make a soft, low, and continuous sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"murmure","meaning":"to murmur, grumble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"murmur","meaning":"murmuring, a low, continuous sound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["murmuring","murmured","murmuration","rumble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whisper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grumble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"71662c08-ed13-4d38-91fb-365f1c7dc196","word":"muscle","definition":"A band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"músculo","language_family":"latin","root":"musculus","root_meaning":"a little mouse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*muh₂s-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"muscle","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"musculus","meaning":"a little mouse, muscle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mus","meaning":"mouse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*muh₂s-","meaning":"mouse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["muscular","bicep","tricep","mouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sinew","formality":"literary"},{"word":"brawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flesh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"e3b22efb-b3a1-40ef-89b6-1ac8d16f3482","word":"muscular","definition":"Having well-developed muscles or relating to muscle tissue.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"muscular","language_family":"latin","root":"musculus","root_meaning":"little mouse; muscle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"muscular","meaning":"having well-developed muscles; relating to muscle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"muscularis","meaning":"of a muscle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"musculus","meaning":"little mouse; muscle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mus","meaning":"mouse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["muscle","muscularity","musculature","musculus","muscled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brawny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sinewy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"muscled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"80f83cb8-930a-4e74-b6a9-af21931df50c","word":"museum","definition":"A building in which objects of historical, scientific, or artistic interest are stored and exhibited.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"museo","language_family":"greek","root":"mouseion","root_meaning":"seat of the Muses, place of learning","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"museum","meaning":"building for storage and exhibition of objects","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"museum","meaning":"repository of curiosities","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"museum","meaning":"seat of the Muses","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mouseion","meaning":"seat of the Muses, place of learning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mousa","meaning":"Muse","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["museology","museum-goer","museal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gallery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhibition space","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repository","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"3bb710de-7c1f-475a-88d3-bb14e0350ebc","word":"mush","definition":"Mush is a soft, wet, pulpy mass or a thick cereal porridge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mush","meaning":"a soft, wet, pulpy mass or porridge","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"mush","meaning":"word of uncertain origin, probably expressive or dialectal","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mushy","mushiness","mushed","mushing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pulp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"porridge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"93d5cf28-a7a8-49a6-b167-80abb7a8b1e9","word":"mushroom","definition":"A fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"musseron","root_meaning":"fungus growing in moss","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mushroom","meaning":"fruiting body of a fungus","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"muscheron","meaning":"mushroom","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"musseron","meaning":"fungus growing in moss","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"mosse","meaning":"moss","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["moss","mousseron","muscheron"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fungus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"toadstool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agaric","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"44059495-188b-4efd-b4f9-876f81ef0b66","word":"music","definition":"The art form of combining sounds and rhythm to express emotion or create entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"música","language_family":"greek","root":"mousike","root_meaning":"art of the Muses","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"music","meaning":"art of sound and rhythm","children":[{"era":"1300s-1500s","word":"musique","meaning":"music","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mousike","meaning":"art of the Muses","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["musician","musical","musicology","musically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"melody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harmony","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tune","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"4dca0237-e70f-4c2a-a7c3-50ee17db7b82","word":"musical","definition":"Relating to or resembling music; having a pleasant sound.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"musical","language_family":"greek","root":"mousikos","root_meaning":"of the Muses, musical","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"musical","meaning":"relating to music","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"musical","meaning":"of music","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mousikos","meaning":"of the Muses, musical","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["music","musician","musically","musicality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"melodic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"harmonious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tuneful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"cc7c78dd-3b1c-4022-a9b7-cb0a307d7ed4","word":"musician","definition":"A person who plays a musical instrument or composes or conducts music.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"músico","language_family":"french","root":"musique","root_meaning":"music","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"musician","meaning":"person who makes music","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"musicien","meaning":"musician","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"musique","meaning":"music","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"musica","meaning":"music","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Mousikē technē","meaning":"art of the Muses","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["music","musical","compose","instrument","symphony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instrumentalist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"performer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"ead51c97-143a-4c5a-bddd-9034bcbb6e17","word":"muslim","definition":"A follower of the religion of Islam.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"musulmán","language_family":"other","root":"aslama","root_meaning":"to submit (to God)","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Muslim","meaning":"Follower of Islam","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"muslim","meaning":"one who submits","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"aslama","meaning":"to submit","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Islam","salam","salaam","submission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Islamic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adherent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"believer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"39ecb092-8e66-4a5e-bd8d-4b97f0c94959","word":"must","definition":"expressing necessity or obligation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"mōtan","root_meaning":"to be allowed, may, can","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mōtan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"must","meaning":"expresses necessity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mōtan","meaning":"to be allowed, may, can","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*mōtan","meaning":"to have occasion, to be allowed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["may","might","mote","permission","obligation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"have to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ought to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"need to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"should","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"4b6d0fcd-9e9d-4659-9098-f1e1896797dd","word":"mustache","definition":"A strip of hair left to grow above the upper lip.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"moustache","root_meaning":"mustache","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mustache","meaning":"hair above upper lip","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"moustache","meaning":"mustache","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"mostaccio","meaning":"mustache","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"μύσταξ (mystax)","meaning":"upper lip, mustache","children":[],"language":"Medieval Greek"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bearded","goatee","sideburns","stubble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whiskers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handlebar","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fuzz","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"c92122bc-6501-4b7d-b551-6dfc9cd23eb1","word":"mustang","definition":"A small, hardy, wild horse of the North American plains.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mestengo","language_family":"latin","root":"mestengo","root_meaning":"belonging to no one, stray","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mustang","meaning":"A small, hardy, wild horse of the North American plains.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"mestengo","meaning":"stray, wild, belonging to no owner","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"mesta","meaning":"member of the Mesta who collects stray animals","children":[],"language":"Old Spanish"},{"era":"13th century","word":"-enco","meaning":"member of the Mesta who collects stray animals","children":[],"language":"Old Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mestizo","mesta"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wild horse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feral horse","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"cb4fe7cc-144f-492a-bcb8-e0a48d61b0a8","word":"mustard","definition":"A pungent yellow or brown paste or powder made from the seeds of the mustard plant, used as a condiment or a spice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mostaza","language_family":"french","root":"moustarde","root_meaning":"mustard","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mustard","meaning":"A pungent yellow or brown paste or powder.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"moustarde","meaning":"mustard","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mustard gas","mustard seed","pesto","condiment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condiment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"1c3d71d8-bab5-4962-abd6-4088af7307a7","word":"mutant","definition":"An organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an alteration of a gene or chromosome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mutante","language_family":"latin","root":"mutare","root_meaning":"to change","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mutant","meaning":"altered organism","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"mutant","meaning":"changing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mutare","meaning":"to change","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mutate","mutation","immutable","commute","permutation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"variation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aberration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"anomaly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freak","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"cd5ba218-e9b4-4984-bbd4-3a3e56a8331a","word":"mutation","definition":"A mutation is a change in form, nature, or genetic sequence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mutación","language_family":"latin","root":"mutare","root_meaning":"to change, alter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mutation","meaning":"a change, especially in genetic material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mutatio","meaning":"a changing, alteration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mutare","meaning":"to change, alter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mutate","mutable","mutational","mutator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alteration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"modification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"62f376a7-a121-4252-ad46-534e139a2e80","word":"mute","definition":"Not speaking or unable to speak; silent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mudo","language_family":"latin","root":"mutus","root_meaning":"silent, dumb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mute","meaning":"silent, unable to speak","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"muet","meaning":"mute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mutus","meaning":"silent, dumb","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*mu-","meaning":"to murmur, mumble","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mutism","mutely","immutable","commute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speechless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dumb","formality":"informal"},{"word":"voiceless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"c68051d3-4649-44ef-b0b8-926e6bde4261","word":"mutilate","definition":"To inflict severe and permanent damage on a body or object by cutting off or destroying a limb or essential part.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"mutilar","language_family":"latin","root":"mutilus","root_meaning":"maimed, lacking a limb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mey-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mutilate","meaning":"to maim or severely damage by cutting away a part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mutilatus","meaning":"past participle of mutilare: to cut off, maim","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mutilus","meaning":"hornless, maimed, lacking a limb","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*mey-","meaning":"to cut, hew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mutilation","mutilator","mutilated","mutilant","immutable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lacerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disfigure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"9a0ef2ce-3163-4e66-9c04-a6f09cf09022","word":"mutter","definition":"To speak or utter words in a low, indistinct tone; to grumble or complain under one's breath.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"moteren","root_meaning":"to murmur","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*mut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mutter","meaning":"to speak indistinctly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"moteren","meaning":"to murmur, grumble","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"muttern","meaning":"to murmur, grumble","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mumble","murmur","grumble","utter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whisper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"5d7a2e87-35af-48a2-be56-32e061b61930","word":"mutual","definition":"Experienced or done by each of two or more parties toward the other.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"mutuo","language_family":"latin","root":"mūtuus","root_meaning":"reciprocal, borrowed, lent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"mūtuus","meaning":"Reciprocal, mutual, exchanged.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"mutual","meaning":"Shared, reciprocal.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"mutuo","meaning":"Mutual, reciprocal.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["mutually","mutuality","commutual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reciprocal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shared","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"8204dc4b-7cbd-467e-85e1-bb279ae0648f","word":"myrtle","definition":"An evergreen shrub or small tree with glossy aromatic leaves and white flowers, native to southern Europe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mirto","language_family":"latin","root":"myrtus","root_meaning":"myrtle tree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"myrtle","meaning":"evergreen shrub","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"myrte","meaning":"myrtle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"myrtus","meaning":"myrtle tree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"μύρτος (myrtos)","meaning":"myrtle tree","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["floral","shrub","aromatic","plant","botany"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shrub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bush","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"2c123ca2-571f-4b70-a367-3fe14a1054ad","word":"myself","definition":"A reflexive pronoun referring to the speaker or writer.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"me + self","root_meaning":"I + self","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*me- + *selbaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"myself","meaning":"reflexive pronoun for I","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"myself","meaning":"me + self","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"me","meaning":"accusative of I","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"one's own person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["self","yourselves","himself","herself","ourselves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"I","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"me","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"c5d86b3a-3b91-420c-a15c-2793aa2d44e2","word":"mysterious","definition":"Difficult or impossible to understand, explain, or identify.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"misterioso","language_family":"greek","root":"mystērion","root_meaning":"secret rite","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mysterious","meaning":"difficult to explain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mysteriosus","meaning":"secret","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mysterium","meaning":"secret ceremony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mystērion","meaning":"secret rite","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mystery","mystic","mystify","mysticism","enigma"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enigmatic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obscure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cryptic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puzzling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"f53dd338-be89-4758-b4c2-9da9f7e1c3d9","word":"mystery","definition":"Something that is difficult or impossible to understand or explain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"misterio","language_family":"greek","root":"mystērion","root_meaning":"secret rite, secret","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"mystḗrion (μυστήριον)","meaning":"A secret rite, a hidden truth. From mystēs (one who has been initiated), from myein (to close the eyes or mouth).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mystery","meaning":"Something unexplained or secret.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"misterio","meaning":"Mystery.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["mysterious","mystify","mystic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enigma","formality":"formal"},{"word":"puzzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"riddle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"6ba292ae-a88e-4147-90ad-5f2194eb710d","word":"mystic","definition":"Relating to hidden spiritual knowledge or mystical experience.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"místico","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek mystikos","root_meaning":"initiated; secret; pertaining to mystery rites","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mystic","meaning":"relating to hidden spiritual knowledge or mystical experience","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mysticus","meaning":"mystic; belonging to secret rites","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mystikos","meaning":"secret; mystical; initiated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mystēs","meaning":"one initiated into the mysteries","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mysticism","mystical","mystique","mystify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"esoteric","formality":"technical"},{"word":"occult","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spiritual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"559470de-7c2c-4f72-8bed-a60049523245","word":"mystical","definition":"Relating to mystical experience, hidden spiritual meaning, or esoteric belief.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"místico","language_family":"greek","root":"μύειν","root_meaning":"to close (the eyes or mouth)","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mystical","meaning":"relating to hidden spiritual or esoteric meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"mystic + -al","meaning":"formed from mystic with the adjective suffix -al","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mystic","meaning":"initiated into secret rites; secretive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mystikos","meaning":"secret, mystic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mystēs","meaning":"an initiate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"myein","meaning":"to close (the eyes or mouth)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mystic","mysticism","mystery","mystify","mysterious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"esoteric","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arcane","formality":"formal"},{"word":"occult","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"6488dc13-d932-4d13-a3fb-8d62fcfe1e34","word":"myth","definition":"A traditional story explaining natural or social phenomena, involving supernatural beings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mito","language_family":"greek","root":"mythos","root_meaning":"speech, word, story","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~700 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"mŷthos (μῦθος)","meaning":"Speech, thought, word, story, narrative. Distinguished from logos (reasoned discourse).","children":[{"era":"1830s","word":"myth","meaning":"A traditional or legendary story.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"mito","meaning":"Myth.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["mythology","mythical","mythologize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"folklore","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"740ac38a-e1ab-4dee-89f9-01a82a2185cb","word":"mythology","definition":"a body of myths belonging to a culture or tradition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"mitología","language_family":"greek","root":"mythos + -logia","root_meaning":"story + study of","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"mythology","meaning":"a body of myths belonging to a culture or tradition","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"mythology","meaning":"study or collection of myths","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mythologia","meaning":"systematic treatment of myths","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mythos","meaning":"story, tale, myth","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Latin/French loan formation"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["myth","mythic","mythical","mythographer","mythicize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"folklore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legendry","formality":"literary"},{"word":"myths","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"3e453a5a-7376-4852-818c-15b2baa7b8a0","word":"nah","definition":"An informal or colloquial way of saying 'no.'","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"no","root_meaning":"not any, not","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nah","meaning":"informal no","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"no","meaning":"no","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"na","meaning":"no, not","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ne","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["no","nope","nay","none"],"synonyms":[{"word":"no","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nope","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nix","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"a31658e5-0204-48e2-beca-db189f4e8ec0","word":"nai","definition":"A Greek interjection meaning yes.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"ναί","root_meaning":"yes","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nai","meaning":"yes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ναί","meaning":"yes","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ναί","nai","naí"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yeah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"yep","formality":"informal"},{"word":"aye","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"51d86b5a-cb15-4726-883b-1c4749775e73","word":"nail","definition":"A small metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven into wood or other material as a fastener.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nægl","root_meaning":"nail (of finger or toe), metal fastener","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*naghla-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nail","meaning":"a metal fastener or part of a finger/toe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nægl","meaning":"nail, metal spike","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fingernail","toenail","spike","rivet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastener","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"61ed89b5-1088-42e6-b30a-a24b32535290","word":"naked","definition":"Without clothing; uncovered or unadorned.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nacod","root_meaning":"naked, bare, unclothed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nogw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"naked","meaning":"unclothed, bare","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"naked","meaning":"unclothed, bare","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nacod","meaning":"naked, bare","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*nagaz","meaning":"naked, bare","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["naked","nakedness","nude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unclothed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.012Z"}
{"id":"744d4550-482a-43d6-b194-74129d3b13c1","word":"name","definition":"A word or set of words by which a person, thing, or place is known or called.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nombre","language_family":"germanic","root":"nama","root_meaning":"name","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nemo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"name","meaning":"a word by which something is known","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nama","meaning":"name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*namo-","meaning":"name","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*nemo-","meaning":"name","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["named","naming","namely","namesake","renown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"denomination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appellation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"label","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"d5ba5844-0d89-48cd-9d98-a645c1f17b1a","word":"named","definition":"Having been given a name or called by a specific designation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nombrado","language_family":"germanic","root":"nama","root_meaning":"name","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nomen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"named","meaning":"Called by a name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"name","meaning":"name, designate","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*nemon-","meaning":"to assign, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["name","naming","namesake","unnamed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"called","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"titled","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dubbed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"ce038a10-60fb-420c-b499-308969cbb7b4","word":"namely","definition":"That is to say; specifically.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nama","root_meaning":"name","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁neh₃mn̥-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"namely","meaning":"That is to say; specifically","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"namely","meaning":"specifically","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"namlic","meaning":"like a name, specifically (from nama 'name' + -lic 'like')","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["name","nominate","renown","anonymous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specifically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viz","formality":"formal"},{"word":"e.g.","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"particularly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"d4c1c6e2-3c0a-47d5-bf1b-a0e106e97472","word":"names","definition":"Words or sets of words by which a person, place, or thing is known or called.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nombres","language_family":"germanic","root":"nama","root_meaning":"name, designation","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*no-men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"names","meaning":"words by which something is known","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"name","meaning":"designation, appellation","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*no-men-","meaning":"to know, name","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["name","named","naming","namely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"designations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"titles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appellations","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"f76e0674-eeb3-40e4-907e-abbdb24c3ab0","word":"namespace","definition":"A set of symbols used to identify and organize objects or names, ensuring their uniqueness within a given scope.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"namo","root_meaning":"name","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁nómn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"namespace","meaning":"A set of symbols used to identify and organize objects or names, ensuring their uniqueness within a given scope.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"name","meaning":"name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"namo","meaning":"name","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"space","meaning":"extent, room","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spatium","meaning":"space, room","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["name","space","naming","scope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scope","formality":"technical"},{"word":"domain","formality":"technical"},{"word":"context","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"bc966932-1e5d-47c4-bc57-8f941f29cbfd","word":"nan","definition":"An informal and affectionate term for a grandmother.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"nanny","root_meaning":"a children's nurse, affectionate term for grandmother","root_language":"English","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nan","meaning":"grandmother","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"nanny","meaning":"nursemaid, later grandmother","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Ann","meaning":"diminutive of Anna (nursery word influence)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nanny","grandma","granny","nana","ma"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grandma","formality":"informal"},{"word":"granny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nana","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"86ba58f9-2492-455f-86a2-49eeac6b939d","word":"nana","definition":"An informal term for a grandmother.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nana","meaning":"An informal term for a grandmother.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"nana","meaning":"nurse, grandmother","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"na-na","meaning":"mother, grandmother","children":[],"language":"child's speech"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["grandma","nanny","mama","papa"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grandma","formality":"informal"},{"word":"granny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"grandmother","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"649a0b99-6028-4bfb-9e76-fff91c319d70","word":"nano","definition":"A prefix meaning one billionth (10^-9) of a unit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nano","language_family":"greek","root":"nanos","root_meaning":"dwarf","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nano-","meaning":"one billionth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nanos","meaning":"dwarf","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nanometer","nanotechnology","nanosecond","nanobot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"minute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"microscopic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"minuscule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"d223a850-50ed-48f4-8cca-209dac741173","word":"nap","definition":"A short period of sleep, especially during the day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hnappian","root_meaning":"to doze, sleep lightly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hneb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nap","meaning":"short sleep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnappian","meaning":"to doze","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doze","slumber","sleep","napping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"siesta","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slumber","formality":"literary"},{"word":"snooze","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"f14f5f78-b809-4b54-92e7-ac0706cecbf1","word":"napkin","definition":"A small cloth or paper used at meals to wipe the mouth or hands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"mappa","root_meaning":"cloth or napkin","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"napkin","meaning":"a small cloth or paper used at meals","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"nappe","meaning":"tablecloth or cloth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mappa","meaning":"cloth or napkin","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-kin","meaning":"diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nappe","napery","napron","apron"],"synonyms":[{"word":"serviette","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"table linen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"paper towel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"f6ec5737-6156-4862-bf1d-a6293ebac94a","word":"narcotic","definition":"A drug that induces drowsiness, stupor, or insensibility, often used for pain relief.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"narcótico","language_family":"greek","root":"narkē","root_meaning":"numbness, torpor","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"narcotic","meaning":"A drug that induces drowsiness.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"narcotique","meaning":"causing numbness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"narcoticum","meaning":"a stupefying drug","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"narkōtikos","meaning":"making numb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"narkoun","meaning":"to make numb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"narkē","meaning":"numbness, torpor","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["narcosis","narcolepsy","narcotize","narcissism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opiate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analgesic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sedative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"80dd00e8-c9c5-4699-bf64-ac680dea7b54","word":"narrate","definition":"To give a spoken or written account of something; to tell a story or describe events.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"narrar","language_family":"latin","root":"narrare","root_meaning":"to tell, relate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"narrate","meaning":"to tell a story","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"narrare","meaning":"to tell, relate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gnarus","meaning":"knowing, acquainted with","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*gneh₃-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["narration","narrative","narrator","gnosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chronicle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"3b8eed1a-fa34-41da-82f7-4122d9e2ecdd","word":"narrative","definition":"A spoken or written account of connected events; a story.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"narrativa","language_family":"latin","root":"narratus","root_meaning":"to relate, tell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"narrative","meaning":"a story","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"narratif","meaning":"narrative","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"narrativus","meaning":"narrative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"narratus","meaning":"told, related (past participle of narrare)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["narrate","narrator","narration","recount","annals"],"synonyms":[{"word":"story","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tale","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"946ed180-a8df-4aac-82a6-6fc8a924a4d7","word":"narrator","definition":"A person who tells a story or gives an account of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"narrador","language_family":"latin","root":"narrare","root_meaning":"to tell, relate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gnō-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"narrator","meaning":"storyteller","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"narratour","meaning":"one who narrates","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"narrateur","meaning":"storyteller","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"narratorem","meaning":"one who tells","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"narrare","meaning":"to tell, relate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["narrate","narrative","narration","recount","anecdote"],"synonyms":[{"word":"storyteller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recounter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annalist","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"640bb7dc-7313-413d-8f8f-d41cdce92c8a","word":"narrow","definition":"Of small width in relation to length; not wide.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nearu","root_meaning":"narrow, restricted, constrained","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*narwuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"narrow","meaning":"Of small width in relation to length; not wide.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nearu","meaning":"narrow, restricted","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*narwuz","meaning":"narrow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["narrowly","narrowness","narrowing","narrower","narrowest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restricted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confined","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"68664cdb-6430-4b5a-9a6b-39ed7116d9a4","word":"nasty","definition":"Highly unpleasant, dirty, or offensive to the senses or sensibilities.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nasty","root_meaning":"dirty, filthy, foul","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nasty","meaning":"unpleasant, offensive, dirty","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nasty","meaning":"dirty, filthy","children":[{"era":"pre-1300","word":"naskelig / nasig","meaning":"dirty, filthy","children":[],"language":"Old Norse / Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nastily","nastiness","nasties"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repugnant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vile","formality":"literary"},{"word":"gross","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"1bae823a-4b17-4e90-8e53-638df75f07b7","word":"nation","definition":"A large group of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting the same country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nación","language_family":"latin","root":"natio","root_meaning":"birth, race, nation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nation","meaning":"large group of people with common culture","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nation","meaning":"birth, nation, people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natio","meaning":"birth, race, nation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nasci","meaning":"to be born","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gneH₃-","meaning":"to be born, beget","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["national","nationalism","nationality","international"],"synonyms":[{"word":"country","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"state","formality":"formal"},{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"realm","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"e20a8f9a-ac0b-443c-9a47-6a2dede3156c","word":"national","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of a nation as a whole.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nacional","language_family":"latin","root":"natio","root_meaning":"nation, birth, race","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"national","meaning":"relating to a nation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"national","meaning":"of a nation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natio","meaning":"nation, birth, race","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nation","nationality","nationalist","national-ism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"countrywide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domestic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"patriotic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"512f5158-80b0-49c0-9d98-e0052bb062e0","word":"nations","definition":"Plural of nation; independent political units with recognized territory and government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"naciones","language_family":"latin","root":"natio","root_meaning":"a being born, birth, a race or nation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gna-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nations","meaning":"plural of nation","children":[{"era":"current","word":"nation","meaning":"political unit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natio","meaning":"a being born, a nation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nation","national","nationality","nationalist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"countries","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"states","formality":"formal"},{"word":"powers","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"21b0d865-1229-4c25-87c1-1ca18dcb5a7d","word":"nationwide","definition":"Nationwide describes something that extends throughout a whole nation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nacional","language_family":"latin","root":"natio","root_meaning":"birth, race, kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gene-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nationwide","meaning":"extending throughout a nation","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"nation","meaning":"a people, race","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natio","meaning":"birth, race, kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wide","meaning":"extensive, broad","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["national","native","natal","wider","widely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"countrywide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"national","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"general","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"18336756-09b9-4a26-85d4-2426dc7b9b7f","word":"native","definition":"A person born in a particular country or place, or originating naturally in a region.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nativo","language_family":"latin","root":"nativus","root_meaning":"born, produced by birth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"native","meaning":"born in a place; originating naturally","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"native","meaning":"innate, natural","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nativus","meaning":"born, natural","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natus","meaning":"born","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nativity","nation","natal","innate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indigenous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"original","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"autochthonous","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"e5afafeb-c021-452b-8cae-a017838cb288","word":"natural","definition":"Existing in or produced by nature; not artificial or manmade.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"natural","language_family":"latin","root":"naturalis","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to nature","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"natural","meaning":"of nature, not artificial","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"natural","meaning":"of nature","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"naturalis","meaning":"natural","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"naturalis","meaning":"of or pertaining to nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natura","meaning":"nature, natural constitution","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nature","naturalize","naturally","naturalism","naturalist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"innate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"native","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inherent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"869f8421-72d9-4d9a-a063-7027de478025","word":"naturally","definition":"In a natural manner; as a matter of course; without affectation or external intervention.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"naturalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"natura","root_meaning":"birth, nature, the course of things","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"naturally","meaning":"in a natural way; of course","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"natural + -ly","meaning":"adverbial suffix added to natural","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"natural","meaning":"of or pertaining to nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"naturalis","meaning":"by birth, according to nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natura","meaning":"birth, nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natus","meaning":"born (past participle of nasci)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English via Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nature","natural","naturalize","natal","native","innate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"of course","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inherently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obviously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instinctively","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"77003f9c-e2a6-4a22-85ae-6722aa34037f","word":"nature","definition":"The fundamental qualities or characteristics of a person or thing, or the physical world and universe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"naturaleza","language_family":"latin","root":"natura","root_meaning":"essential qualities, natural order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gna-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"nature","meaning":"essential character or quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natura","meaning":"natural order, essential qualities","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*gna-","meaning":"to be born, to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["natural","naturalism","naturalist","naturalize","innate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"essence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disposition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"world","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"70aeaf65-1993-45a1-8ecd-43996e2dd100","word":"naughty","definition":"Behaving disobediently or mischievously.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nawiht","root_meaning":"nothing, bad","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne-wihti","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"naughty","meaning":"Behaving disobediently or mischievously","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"naughty","meaning":"evil, bad, worthless","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nawiht","meaning":"nothing, bad person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ne","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"awiht","meaning":"anything, a whit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["naught","nought","nothing","aught","a whit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mischievous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disobedient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"929cdb1e-8457-4819-977b-542677f0ca7f","word":"nausea","definition":"A sickening feeling in the stomach that often leads to vomiting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"náusea","language_family":"latin","root":"ναῦς (naus)","root_meaning":"ship","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*néh2us-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nausea","meaning":"a sickening feeling in the stomach that often leads to vomiting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nausea","meaning":"seasickness; nausea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ναυσία (nausia)","meaning":"seasickness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ναῦς (naus)","meaning":"ship","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nauseous","nauseate","nauseated","nauseating","nauseation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"queasiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sickness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sick feeling","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"7d48fdad-5ad9-41d4-b5cd-11a92d335126","word":"nauseous","definition":"Causing nausea or feeling sick to the stomach.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"náusea","language_family":"latin","root":"naus","root_meaning":"ship","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nauseous","meaning":"causing nausea or feeling sick to the stomach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nauseosus","meaning":"sickening; seasick","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nausea","meaning":"seasickness; nausea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nausia","meaning":"seasickness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"naus","meaning":"ship","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nausea","nauseate","nauseated","nauseating","nauseation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"queasy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sickening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nauseated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"a9a27a72-167e-47dc-b880-0433b4d10728","word":"naval","definition":"Relating to the navy or warships.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"naval","language_family":"latin","root":"navalis","root_meaning":"relating to a ship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"naval","meaning":"Relating to the navy or warships","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navalis","meaning":"relating to a ship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navis","meaning":"ship","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["navy","navigation","nautical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maritime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seafaring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"b932a84f-d4f2-46e6-993e-fa7061f65965","word":"navigate","definition":"To plan and direct the route or course of a ship, aircraft, or other form of transport, or to find one's way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"navegar","language_family":"latin","root":"navis + agere","root_meaning":"to drive a ship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*neh₂w- / *ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"navigate","meaning":"to direct a course","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"navigatus (past participle of navigare)","meaning":"to sail, to steer a ship","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"navis","meaning":"ship","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["naval","navy","circumnavigate","agent","act"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pilot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"b59886b3-b7b1-4403-88fa-ede524da03f4","word":"navigation","definition":"The act of steering or directing a vessel, aircraft, or pathway; the science of determining position and course.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"navegación","language_family":"latin","root":"navigare","root_meaning":"to sail","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"navigation","meaning":"the act of steering or directing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"navigation","meaning":"act of navigating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navigatio","meaning":"sailing, voyage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navigare","meaning":"to sail","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["navigate","navigator","navigating","navigable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"routing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"piloting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wayfinding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"c228fdc5-f897-4f9d-9491-6974b80c0fd9","word":"navigator","definition":"A person who plans and directs the route of a ship, aircraft, or other form of transport.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"navegador","language_family":"latin","root":"navigator","root_meaning":"sailor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"navigator","meaning":"one who navigates","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navigator","meaning":"sailor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navigare","meaning":"to sail, to steer a ship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navis","meaning":"ship","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["navigate","navigation","navigable","navy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pilot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steersman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explorer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"381dc274-da8f-44ce-8fbe-dc21c00e3656","word":"navy","definition":"A fleet of ships, especially military ships, or a nation's entire military sea force.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nave","language_family":"latin","root":"navis","root_meaning":"ship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*neh₂us-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"navy","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"navie","meaning":"fleet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navigo","meaning":"to sail","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"navis","meaning":"ship","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["naval","navigate","navigation","nautical","nave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fleet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"armada","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flotilla","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"05f161c9-d77f-4896-8fff-c907823cb1c4","word":"naw","definition":"A colloquial Scottish and informal form of \"no\".","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nā","root_meaning":"no, never","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"naw","meaning":"no","children":[{"era":"later Middle English","word":"Scots naw/naa/na","meaning":"no","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"na","meaning":"no","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nā","meaning":"no; never","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ne-","meaning":"not; no","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nah","no","na","nae"],"synonyms":[{"word":"no","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nae","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"c2727c0b-6b56-4254-905f-f10bececcd61","word":"nay","definition":"No; not ever; not at all.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"nei","root_meaning":"not, never","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nay","meaning":"no, not","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nei","meaning":"not, never","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["no","never","neither","naught"],"synonyms":[{"word":"no","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"not","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"negative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"249dd0c6-2fad-4012-a39d-64257fd6ed57","word":"near","definition":"At a short distance in space or time; close to something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"neah","root_meaning":"nigh, near","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ner-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"near","meaning":"at a short distance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nere","meaning":"near, nigh","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"neah","meaning":"nigh, near","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*ner-","meaning":"to bend, contract","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nearly","nearest","nearing","nearby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"close","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proximate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adjacent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"1530c3e7-a34e-4c83-a49a-1e001214ad1d","word":"nearby","definition":"At or to a short distance away; close at hand.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"by","root_meaning":"beside, near","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bi","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nearby","meaning":"close in distance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nearby","meaning":"beside, near by","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"by","meaning":"beside, near, at","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bi","meaning":"beside, around","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nearby","nearness","near","nigh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"close","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjacent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"neighboring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"93f21e6e-faa3-4298-9db8-807145cfbb05","word":"nearly","definition":"At a point not far distant in space or time; almost.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nere","root_meaning":"near, close","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nerw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nearly","meaning":"almost, at a close distance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nearly","meaning":"close by, almost","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"near","meaning":"close, nigh","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*nerw-","meaning":"strong, vigorous; near","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["near","nearer","nearest","nearness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"almost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approximately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"practically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"just about","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"e0ba7e07-f04b-4c13-8020-f83b2f80a51c","word":"neat","definition":"Tidy or orderly in appearance or habits.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hnot","root_meaning":"clean, splendid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hnuttaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neat","meaning":"tidy, orderly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnot","meaning":"clean, splendid","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*hnuttaz","meaning":"null","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neatly","neatness","nette","net"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tidy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orderly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"a93d4d92-aaca-4a2a-87a3-13d3e9f76232","word":"nebula","definition":"A cloud of gas and dust in space, especially one seen as an astronomical object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nebulosa","language_family":"latin","root":"nebula","root_meaning":"mist, cloud","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nebula","meaning":"a cloud of gas and dust in space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin nebula","meaning":"little cloud, mist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nebular","nebulous","nebulae","nebulize","nebulosity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cloud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mist","formality":"literary"},{"word":"nebulosity","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"8c40e5ee-b0c4-4f4e-bfd0-0bbe0109ff79","word":"necessary","definition":"Required or needed; essential for a particular purpose or outcome.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"necesario","language_family":"latin","root":"necessarius","root_meaning":"unavoidable, needful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"necessary","meaning":"required, essential","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"necessary","meaning":"needful, required","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"necessarius","meaning":"unavoidable, needful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["necessity","necessarily","necessitate","unnecessary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"essential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"required","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"needful","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"8f0be514-7628-470c-9805-0e2a2a8b04e6","word":"necessity","definition":"The fact of being required or indispensable; something that is necessary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"necesidad","language_family":"latin","root":"necessitas","root_meaning":"compulsion, need","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"necessity","meaning":"requirement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"necessité","meaning":"obligation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"necessitas","meaning":"need, compulsion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["necessary","necessitate","needs","indispensable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"requirement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prerequisite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"ee7d61f6-f46a-4097-bfda-60b360b9cb63","word":"neck","definition":"The part of a person's or animal's body connecting the head to the rest of the body and supported by the cervical vertebrae.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hnecca","root_meaning":"neck","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hnekkan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neck","meaning":"part connecting head to body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnecca","meaning":"neck","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hnekkan-","meaning":"to thrust, push, or bend (possibly referring to the nape of the neck as a point of thrust)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["necklace","nuchal","knicker","throat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scruff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"c4859b37-100d-4929-bdfd-6473e6fb94a8","word":"necklace","definition":"An ornament, such as a string of beads or jewels, worn around the neck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"neck + lace","root_meaning":"part of body + string/cord","root_language":"Modern English compound","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"necklace","meaning":"ornament for the neck","children":[{"era":"current","word":"neck","meaning":"part of body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnecca","meaning":"neck","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hnekkô","meaning":"neck","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"lace","meaning":"cord","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"laz","meaning":"snare, net, cord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"laqueus","meaning":"noose, snare","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neck","lacework","shoelace","bracelet","choker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"34f09e57-ead2-4ff9-87d6-2c33ac0c63bb","word":"nectar","definition":"The sweet fluid produced by flowers or, in mythology, the drink of the gods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"néctar","language_family":"greek","root":"νέκταρ","root_meaning":"drink of the gods","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nectar","meaning":"the sweet fluid produced by flowers or, in mythology, the drink of the gods","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nectar","meaning":"nectar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"νέκταρ","meaning":"drink of the gods","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nectarine","nectary","nectarous","nectariferous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ambrosia","formality":"literary"},{"word":"honey","formality":"informal"},{"word":"juice","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"014fb1bc-1d88-4e36-a2dc-56b9c8edf999","word":"need","definition":"To require something as essential or necessary.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nead","root_meaning":"to be obliged, compelled","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*naud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"need","meaning":"to require something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nead","meaning":"to be obliged, require","children":[{"era":"pre-classical","word":"*naud-","meaning":"to use, enjoy, need","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["needy","needed","needful","needle","needing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"require","formality":"formal"},{"word":"want","formality":"informal"},{"word":"necessitate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demand","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"1b46b654-5965-4973-b5c7-2604e0e79235","word":"needed","definition":"Required or wanted as a necessity or desire; past tense of need.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"necesitado","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English nēad","root_meaning":"necessity, constraint, hardship","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nēd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"needed","meaning":"required, wanted","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"need","meaning":"necessity, want, to lack","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēad","meaning":"necessity, hardship","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*nēd-","meaning":"distress, necessity","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["need","needy","needless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"required","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wanted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necessary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"e153d1ea-fe62-44e1-9564-789d2715ebc4","word":"needle","definition":"A very fine slender piece of metal with a point at one end and a hole or eye at the other, used in sewing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nædl","root_meaning":"needle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nehx-tleh₂","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"needle","meaning":"sewing implement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nædl","meaning":"needle","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*nedla","meaning":"needle","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*nehx-tleh₂","meaning":"spinning, sewing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thread","sew","pin","point"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stylus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awl","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"68784eb6-a22a-43f6-a7b7-d05c681d9ab7","word":"needless","definition":"Needless means not needed or unnecessary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*naudiz","root_meaning":"need, necessity","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"needless","meaning":"not needed or unnecessary","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"need","meaning":"need, necessity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*naudiz","meaning":"need, necessity","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without; lacking","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lausaz","meaning":"free from, lacking","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["need","needy","needful","neediness","needlessness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unnecessary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superfluous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gratuitous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"6cf9ef86-c577-41a3-bdbe-1482a9f011fa","word":"needs","definition":"Requirements or necessities that must be satisfied; or third person singular verb meaning to require.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nead","root_meaning":"necessity, need","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*naudiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"needs","meaning":"requirements or necessities","children":[{"era":"current","word":"need","meaning":"a requirement or necessity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nead","meaning":"necessity, need","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["need","needy","needed","needful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"requirements","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necessities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wants","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"73c92591-ec0e-429d-a91f-f42da6b14566","word":"needy","definition":"Lacking money, food, or other necessities; poor and in need.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nēd","root_meaning":"need, necessity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"needy","meaning":"lacking necessities; in need","children":[{"era":"current","word":"need","meaning":"necessity; lack of something required","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēd","meaning":"need, necessity","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["need","needful","neediness","needless","needier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destitute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impoverished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indigent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"7bf1ffc4-74c5-44ff-999a-1fdab4723cd6","word":"negative","definition":"Expressing or containing a denial, refusal, or contradiction.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"negativo","language_family":"latin","root":"negatus","root_meaning":"denied, refused","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"negative","meaning":"expressing denial or contradiction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"negatif","meaning":"denying, refusing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"negatus","meaning":"denied, refused","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["negate","negation","negativity","negate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adverse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unfavorable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pessimistic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"8e4f60eb-a30c-4b79-96f3-299483faa09b","word":"neglect","definition":"To fail to care for properly or to disregard.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"negligencia","language_family":"latin","root":"neglegere","root_meaning":"to disregard, slight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neglect","meaning":"fail to care for","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"neglecten","meaning":"to neglect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neglegere","meaning":"to disregard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nec legere","meaning":"not gather/choose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["negligent","negligible","negligence","collect","election"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disregard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ignore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"omit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"69094c37-d5d1-49ed-a639-e9dff2335732","word":"negligence","definition":"The state of being negligent, especially a failure to exercise reasonable care.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"negligencia","language_family":"latin","root":"neglegentia","root_meaning":"heedlessness; carelessness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"negligence","meaning":"the state of being negligent, especially a failure to exercise reasonable care","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"negligence","meaning":"carelessness; neglect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"negligence","meaning":"carelessness; neglect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neglegentia","meaning":"heedlessness; carelessness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["negligent","negligently","negligible","neglect","negligence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carelessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inattentiveness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"laxity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"83caade2-de7e-4754-be93-da8fdca60012","word":"negotiate","definition":"To try to reach an agreement or compromise by discussion with others.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"negociar","language_family":"latin","root":"negotiari","root_meaning":"to carry on business, to deal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"negotiate","meaning":"to discuss to reach agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"negotiate","meaning":"to carry on business, to deal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neg-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"otium","meaning":"leisure, ease","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["business","leisure","otiose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bargain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mediate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"1d835aa0-962f-44d6-9ede-ce18d064fe71","word":"negotiation","definition":"A discussion between two or more parties aimed at reaching a mutually acceptable agreement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"negociación","language_family":"latin","root":"negotiatio","root_meaning":"business, transaction","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"negotiation","meaning":"discussion to reach agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"negotiatio","meaning":"business, transaction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"negotiari","meaning":"to carry on business, to trade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"negotium","meaning":"business, literally 'not leisure'","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["negotiate","business","leisure","transaction","agency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discussion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bargaining","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mediation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"f57b65e1-1b5b-47e9-a886-fae53e3d71e4","word":"negro","definition":"A term for a member of a race of humankind native to Africa and classified according to typical dark pigmentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"negro","language_family":"latin","root":"niger","root_meaning":"black","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*negr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"negro","meaning":"person of African descent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"negro","meaning":"black","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"niger","meaning":"black","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["denigrate","nigrescent","negra","negroid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"black person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"African American","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"person of color","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"4a00ab4e-39bd-4fc2-8628-882377703d05","word":"neighbor","definition":"A person living next door to or very near another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"neahgebur","root_meaning":"near dweller","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neighbor","meaning":"A person living next door to or very near another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"neahgebur","meaning":"near dweller","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nea","meaning":"near","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gebur","meaning":"dweller","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neighborhood","nigh","dweller","neighborly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"next-door","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compatriot","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"7a5f0cbc-13cf-46c4-a416-f597b77e2e3f","word":"neighborhood","definition":"A district or area within a town or city, characterized by its residents or distinct identity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nēahgebūr","root_meaning":"near dweller","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*neigw-, *būwan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neighborhood","meaning":"A district or area within a town or city, characterized by its residents or distinct identity.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"neighboure","meaning":"person living nearby","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēahgebūr","meaning":"near dweller","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēah","meaning":"near","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"būr","meaning":"dweller, farmer","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neighbor","hood","borough","nearby","dwelling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"008e6be1-ded1-4fa3-9fb8-13632ac59efa","word":"neighbour","definition":"A person living next door to or very near the speaker or person referred to.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nēah + gebūr","root_meaning":"near + dweller/farmer","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*negh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neighbour","meaning":"person living nearby","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"neighebour","meaning":"neighbor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēahgebūr","meaning":"near dweller","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēah","meaning":"near","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*negh-","meaning":"near, close","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gebūr","meaning":"dweller, farmer","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*būraz","meaning":"dweller","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["near","borough","build","booth","neighborly","neighborhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dweller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compatriot","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"5fbcae88-07db-44ce-85e1-65645f641d75","word":"neighbourhood","definition":"A district or area within a town or city, or the people who live there.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"neah + gebur","root_meaning":"near + dweller","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*neh₂y- + *bʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neighbourhood","meaning":"A district or area","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"neigeburhode","meaning":"state of being a neighbour","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"neighbour","meaning":"one living near","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"neah","meaning":"near","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gebūr","meaning":"dweller","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neighbor","hood","vicinity","close"],"synonyms":[{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"8451d497-757e-4f5a-9fde-81cf9034336f","word":"neither","definition":"Not either; not one or the other.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nāhwæþer","root_meaning":"not either","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neither","meaning":"not either","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"neithar","meaning":"not either","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nāhwæþer","meaning":"not either (literally 'not of two')","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nā","meaning":"no, not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwæþer","meaning":"which of two, whether","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nor","either","whether","never","not"],"synonyms":[{"word":"not one","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"not the other","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"aca428b5-c97c-42fd-86d2-fb5b6a613e71","word":"nelly","definition":"Effeminate or unmanly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nelly","meaning":"effeminate or unmanly","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Nelly","meaning":"a woman's name","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Nelly","Nellie","nervous-Nelly","nice-Nelly","high-Nelly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"effeminate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unmanly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sissy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"cb8daa56-8f6d-445e-b80d-2eb060a06b47","word":"nemesis","definition":"Nemesis is a punishment or rival that seems destined to defeat or outmatch someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"némesis","language_family":"greek","root":"nemein","root_meaning":"to allot, apportion, distribute","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nemesis","meaning":"a punishing rival or long-standing opponent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek nemesis","meaning":"retributive justice, indignation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek nemein","meaning":"to allot, distribute","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"PIE *nem-","meaning":"to assign, allot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nemeses","nemesean","nemesian","nemean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"archenemy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scourge","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"df611d0d-ad91-409b-b8d0-64078d460167","word":"neon","definition":"A noble gas, element number 10, used in luminous signs and lasers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"neos","root_meaning":"new","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*newo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neon","meaning":"a noble gas","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neos","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neologism","neoclassical","neophyte"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inert gas","formality":"technical"},{"word":"noble gas","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"19eac33f-41f0-4e6a-987d-6ba1d5b28d70","word":"nephew","definition":"A son of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"nepotem","root_meaning":"grandson, nephew","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nepot-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nephew","meaning":"brother's or sister's son","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"neveu","meaning":"nephew","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nepotem","meaning":"grandson, nephew","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*nepot-","meaning":"grandchild, nephew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["niece","nepotism","nepotic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brother's son","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sister's son","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"aee353ca-31fb-4ea8-b71a-4362b7e0e6a6","word":"nerd","definition":"A person who is overly studious, intellectual, or obsessed with a non-mainstream hobby.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Nerd","root_meaning":"A fictional creature from Dr. Seuss's \"If I Ran the Zoo\"","root_language":"English","root_era":"1950s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nerd","meaning":"A person who is overly studious, intellectual, or obsessed with a non-mainstream hobby.","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"nerd","meaning":"A fictional creature in Dr. Seuss's 'If I Ran the Zoo'","children":[],"language":"English (US slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nerdy","nerdom","nerddom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"geek","formality":"informal"},{"word":"intellectual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"egghead","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"0b1e72d4-5e69-43ec-8b3d-bb667f434114","word":"nerve","definition":"A fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation and motion between parts of the body and the brain or spinal cord.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nervio","language_family":"latin","root":"nervus","root_meaning":"sinew, tendon, nerve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*sneh₁w-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nerve","meaning":"bundle of fibers transmitting impulses","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"nerve","meaning":"sinew, tendon","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"nervus","meaning":"sinew, tendon, nerve","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sneh₁w-","meaning":"to spin, to bind, sinew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nervous","enervate","neuralgia","denervation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boldness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"5648ca78-8b65-4416-a339-2f992203c00d","word":"nervous","definition":"Easily agitated or alarmed; relating to the nerves.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nervioso","language_family":"latin","root":"nervosus","root_meaning":"sinewy, vigorous, of the nerves","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sneh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nervous","meaning":"Easily agitated or alarmed; relating to the nerves","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nervosus","meaning":"sinewy, vigorous, of the nerves","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nerve","enervate","neural","neurology","nervosity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anxious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"b83a1c9c-7d74-4db3-b855-83f062fb9692","word":"nest","definition":"A structure or place made or chosen by a bird for laying eggs and sheltering its young; a cozy retreat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*nistaz","root_meaning":"nest","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nizdo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nest","meaning":"a bird's structure for young","children":[{"era":"before 1100","word":"nest","meaning":"nest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nistaz","meaning":"nest","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*nizdo-","meaning":"nest","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nurture","nuzzle","nether","nidify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"den","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retreat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"2906c447-a787-4729-8ff7-2e3d192ac71a","word":"net","definition":"Remaining after all deductions; a mesh of cords or wires knotted together.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old French nete","root_meaning":"clean, clear","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"net","meaning":"remaining after deductions; mesh","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nete","meaning":"clean, clear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nitidus","meaning":"shining, clear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nets","netting","network","netted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remaining","formality":"formal"},{"word":"final","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mesh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"961ac862-9603-4bec-b6aa-e9dde20b2d81","word":"netherlands","definition":"A country in northwestern Europe, officially the Kingdom of the Netherlands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nether","root_meaning":"lower, beneath","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nidher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Netherlands","meaning":"country in northwestern Europe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nether","meaning":"lower, beneath","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*nidher-","meaning":"down, below","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"earth, territory","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nether","lands","Dutch","Low Countries"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Holland","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Low Countries","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"e7e5cb87-e049-48fb-b808-d83b166e4825","word":"network","definition":"A system of interconnected people, groups, or computers linked by communication channels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"red","language_family":"germanic","root":"net + work","root_meaning":"interlaced threads + labor, activity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ned- (to bind) + *werg- (to do, work)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"network","meaning":"interconnected system of people or computers","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"network","meaning":"a pattern of interconnected lines or threads","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"net + work","meaning":"interlaced fabric + labor, task","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["net","work","networking","networked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"web","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"4a8d5205-e864-4172-aaef-0b10cdbbb138","word":"networking","definition":"The practice of cultivating professional or social relationships for mutual benefit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"net","root_meaning":"mesh or interlaced structure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ned-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"networking","meaning":"building professional relationships","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"network","meaning":"interconnected system","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"net","meaning":"mesh or knotted fabric","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"labor or product of labor","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["network","networker","interconnect","connection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relationship building","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liaison","formality":"formal"},{"word":"socializing","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"4482e051-7e8a-4c6b-8604-4ba47e6f55e5","word":"networks","definition":"Plural of network; interconnected groups or systems of people or things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"net + work","root_meaning":"mesh of cords + human effort or product","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*net- and *werko-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"networks","meaning":"interconnected systems","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"network","meaning":"system of interconnected lines or structures","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"net","meaning":"mesh or openwork","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"to do or make","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["network","networked","networking","net"],"synonyms":[{"word":"systems","formality":"formal"},{"word":"connections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"webs","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"06a932a5-f624-4d47-bc5e-04a86eca02a1","word":"neural","definition":"Relating to a nerve or the nervous system.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"neural","language_family":"greek","root":"neuron","root_meaning":"sinew, tendon, nerve","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*(s)neu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neural","meaning":"relating to nerves","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neuralis","meaning":"of a nerve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neuron","meaning":"sinew, tendon, nerve","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neurology","neuron","neuralgia","neuro-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nervous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neurologic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ganglionic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"e81ffdb6-83fb-4321-b4a8-4d66c9c0487b","word":"neurotic","definition":"Affected by neurosis or characterized by excessive anxiety and emotional instability.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"neurótico","language_family":"greek","root":"νεῦρον (neûron)","root_meaning":"nerve, sinew","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neurotic","meaning":"affected by neurosis or excessive anxiety","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neuro-","meaning":"nerve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"νεῦρον","meaning":"nerve, sinew","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"1800s","word":"-tic","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"English via French/Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neurosis","neuron","neurology","neuro-","neuroticism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anxious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nervous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unstable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"9a04273d-28e0-4e8b-b64a-79260d70cd3c","word":"neutral","definition":"Not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartial.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"neutral","language_family":"latin","root":"neutralis","root_meaning":"of neuter gender, neuter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ne-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"neutral","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neutralis","meaning":"of neuter gender, neuter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"neuter","meaning":"neither","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ne-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"uter","meaning":"either","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neuter","neutralize","neutrality","ne- (prefix)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impartial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unbiased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"objective","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"439f08c9-6690-4c23-8978-2e61fb9067ea","word":"never","definition":"Not ever; at no time; used to express negation or refusal.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"nunca","language_family":"germanic","root":"ne + æfre","root_meaning":"not + ever","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne + *aiw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"never","meaning":"not at any time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"never","meaning":"not ever","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ne","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"æfre","meaning":"ever or always","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ever","nevermore","neverending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"not ever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at no time","formality":"formal"},{"word":"not once","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"56375971-0be6-49ea-9cd4-1a341bfd71df","word":"nevertheless","definition":"In spite of that; however.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"never, the, less","root_meaning":"at no time, that, smaller","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne-, *to-, *les-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nevertheless","meaning":"In spite of that; however.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"never","meaning":"at no time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"næfre","meaning":"not ever","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"the","meaning":"that","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"less","meaning":"smaller amount","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"læs","meaning":"less","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nonetheless","notwithstanding","however","always"],"synonyms":[{"word":"however","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nonetheless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"still","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"a4defa41-421c-440d-a02e-254d866c51e8","word":"new","definition":"Recently made, created, or discovered; not old.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nuevo","language_family":"germanic","root":"neow","root_meaning":"new","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*newo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"new","meaning":"recently made or created","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"neow","meaning":"new","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*newo-","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["newly","newness","nuevo","navajas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fresh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"novel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"latest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"8fc0a260-bc33-41af-8baf-af9c45bc3afc","word":"newborn","definition":"Newborn means just born or very recently born.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"newborn","meaning":"just born or very recently born","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"new","meaning":"not old; recently made or begun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*newjaz","meaning":"new","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*néwos","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"born","meaning":"brought forth; born","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bear","meaning":"to carry, bring forth, give birth to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*beraną","meaning":"to bear, carry","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*bʰer-","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["new","born","birth","reborn","new-born","newly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"new-born","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recently born","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neonate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"c7092c66-8140-4ecd-b06b-7dbc8fe99062","word":"newcomer","definition":"A newcomer is a person or thing that has just arrived or recently entered a place, group, or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"niwe cumen","root_meaning":"newly come, newly arrived","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"newcomer","meaning":"a person or thing that has just arrived or recently entered a place, group, or activity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"niwe cumen","meaning":"newly come, newly arrived","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"niwe","meaning":"new, recent","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cuman","meaning":"to come, arrive","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["newcome","newcomers","newly come","new arrival"],"synonyms":[{"word":"new arrival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entrant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fresh face","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"3ffa7f5d-436e-45c4-aa75-87fccd856a0d","word":"newest","definition":"Superlative form of new; most recent, modern, or recently made or acquired.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"más nuevo","language_family":"germanic","root":"niwe","root_meaning":"new, fresh, young","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*newo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"newest","meaning":"most recent or modern","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"new","meaning":"new, fresh, recent","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"niwe","meaning":"new, fresh","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"newo-","meaning":"new, young","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["new","newer","newness","newly","anew"],"synonyms":[{"word":"latest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"most recent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"most modern","formality":"formal"},{"word":"freshest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"9cdd1de7-ec11-4798-bc78-f3434fe265da","word":"newlywed","definition":"A person who has recently married, formed as a Modern English compound of 'newly' and 'wed.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weddian","root_meaning":"to pledge, to covenant, to marry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wedh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"newlywed","meaning":"recently married person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"newly","meaning":"recently, freshly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nīwlīce","meaning":"recently, anew","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wed","meaning":"to pledge, to marry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weddian","meaning":"to pledge, to covenant","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wadją","meaning":"pledge, security","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wed","wedding","wedlock","newly","betrothed","spouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bride","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neogamist","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"consort","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"7dd60bed-e2b7-4e68-8671-81cf7505ac4d","word":"news","definition":"Recently received or noteworthy information about recent events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"new","root_meaning":"new or recent","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*newo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"news","meaning":"recent information or events","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"newes","meaning":"new things or recent events","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"neow","meaning":"new","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*newo-","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["new","newly","newspaper","newsletter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"information","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tidings","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"updates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reports","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"53ef3066-35ae-4fa4-ad8b-e27872fd5952","word":"newsletter","definition":"A printed or digital publication containing news, information, and updates sent regularly to subscribers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"news + letter","root_meaning":"new information + written message","root_language":"Old English / Latin","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"newsletter","meaning":"periodic publication of news","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"news","meaning":"new information, current events","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"newe","meaning":"new, recent","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"letter","meaning":"written message","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"lettre","meaning":"character, written character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"littera","meaning":"letter of the alphabet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["news","letter","newsy","lettered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bulletin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"magazine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circular","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"00be4cf2-1a25-4684-82f8-bb46ed2ccd0c","word":"newsletters","definition":"Periodic printed or digital publications containing news and information for subscribers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"news","root_meaning":"new information","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"newsletters","meaning":"periodic publications with news","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"newsletter","meaning":"a circular of news","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"news","meaning":"new information, recent events","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"new","meaning":"not old, recent","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["newsletter","news","newsworthy","newspaper","newscast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bulletins","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circulars","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publications","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"93cc28dd-8fec-4e4d-8fbe-c592103dc3c2","word":"newspaper","definition":"A printed publication containing news, articles, and advertisements issued daily or weekly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"periódico","language_family":"germanic","root":"news + paper","root_meaning":"new information on paper","root_language":"Old English + Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"newspaper","meaning":"printed publication of news","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"news","meaning":"new information","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"new","meaning":"recent, fresh","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"paper","meaning":"papyrus, writing material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papyrus","meaning":"papyrus plant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["newspaper","newsprint","newsman","journalism","press"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"paper","formality":"informal"},{"word":"publication","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"74c032d3-a6ac-46cd-a38b-9362c695a7b3","word":"next","definition":"Immediately following in time, order, or position.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nēhst","root_meaning":"nearest, next","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*neh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"next","meaning":"immediately following in position or time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēxta","meaning":"nearest, next (superlative of nēah)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nēah","meaning":"near, nigh","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*neh₂-","meaning":"near","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nigh","near","neighbor","next-door","nexus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"following","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subsequent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adjacent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"upcoming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:11:37.411Z"}
{"id":"e4f2af87-5f46-4585-8586-683557782a3e","word":"nice","definition":"Pleasant, agreeable, or of good quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"nescius","root_meaning":"ignorant, not knowing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nice","meaning":"pleasant, agreeable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nice","meaning":"foolish, simple","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nice","meaning":"foolish, simple, particular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nescius","meaning":"ignorant, not knowing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nicely","niceness","niceties"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pleasant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agreeable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lovely","formality":"informal"},{"word":"delightful","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"e7fa79b3-1cdc-4c61-84cb-32f1a758fd90","word":"nick","definition":"A small cut, notch, or indentation in a surface; also British slang for prison or to steal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*nikk-","root_meaning":"notch, cut","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nick","meaning":"small cut; prison; to steal","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"nykke","meaning":"notch, cut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nikk-","meaning":"notch, point","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic (uncertain)"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notch","nicked","nickname","Old Nick","knick-knack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incision","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"78c59409-5218-4526-a513-c2ea5dd9e3c6","word":"nickel","definition":"A silvery-white, hard, malleable, ductile metallic element.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"níquel","language_family":"germanic","root":"Kupfernickel","root_meaning":"devil's copper, goblin copper","root_language":"German","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nickel","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Nickel","meaning":"goblin, devil","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nika","meaning":"water spirit, goblin","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["copper","metal","cobalt","goblin","ore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alloy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"afcb7cdf-35df-4492-8d75-b516d2f4398e","word":"nickname","definition":"A familiar or humorous name given to a person or thing instead of or as well as the real name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"an eke name","root_meaning":"an additional name","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"14th century (misdivision)","proto_root":"*auki- (for eke), *nomn̥ (for name)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nickname","meaning":"A familiar or humorous name given to a person or thing instead of or as well as the real name.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"an eke name","meaning":"an additional name (misdivision)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eke","meaning":"also, in addition","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*auki-","meaning":"increase, also","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"name","meaning":"name","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*nomn̥","meaning":"name","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["name","nominal","nominate","renown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sobriquet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"moniker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"alias","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"d6d5c91a-3df0-410d-9971-601f39863e1e","word":"nigger","definition":"A derogatory and offensive racial slur for a Black person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"negro","language_family":"latin","root":"niger","root_meaning":"black","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nekʷt-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nigger","meaning":"derogatory racial slur","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"nigger","meaning":"derogatory term","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"neger","meaning":"black","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"negro","meaning":"black","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"niger","meaning":"black","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["negro","nigrescence","Nigeria"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"db7173ec-f205-4b34-9d17-a078a3e923e2","word":"night","definition":"The period of darkness between sunset and sunrise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"naht","root_meaning":"night","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nekwt-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"night","meaning":"period of darkness","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"night","meaning":"night, darkness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"naht","meaning":"night","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*nekwt-","meaning":"night, darkness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nightly","nightfall","midnight","nightmare","knight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"darkness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nighttime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dusk","formality":"literary"},{"word":"nocturnal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"f0a8b808-da1e-4526-b77c-e320b828e958","word":"nightclub","definition":"An establishment for evening entertainment, typically including music, dancing, or live performances, and usually serving alcoholic drinks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"niht (Old English) + klubba (Old Norse)","root_meaning":"darkness + lump/collection","root_language":"Old English, Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100, 1200s","proto_root":"*nekʷt-, *glembʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nightclub","meaning":"An entertainment venue open at night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"night","meaning":"darkness, period of darkness","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*nahts","meaning":"night","children":[{"era":"5000-2500 BCE","word":"*nekʷt-","meaning":"night","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"club","meaning":"a knob, a lump, an association","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*klumbō","meaning":"lump, mass","children":[{"era":"5000-2500 BCE","word":"*glembʰ-","meaning":"to swell, to gather","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nightly","nightfall","clubhouse","clubfoot","clubbing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disco","formality":"informal"},{"word":"club","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lounge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"78cd89d8-d903-46df-a26d-abb63b37fb3c","word":"nightfall","definition":"The time when night begins; dusk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nightfall","meaning":"the onset of night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"night","meaning":"the dark period of the day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nahts","meaning":"night","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*nokʷts","meaning":"night","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fall","meaning":"to descend or drop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fallaną","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["night","nighttime","nightly","fall","nightfalling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twilight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eventide","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"3b9c5e22-48a5-449e-ba40-da8892efac88","word":"nightlife","definition":"The social activities or entertainment available at night in a city or town.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"niht, lif","root_meaning":"time of darkness, state of being alive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nokʷt-, *leip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nightlife","meaning":"social activities at night","children":[{"era":"early 20th C","word":"night + life","meaning":"activities during night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"night","meaning":"period of darkness","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*nokʷt-","meaning":"night","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"life","meaning":"state of being alive","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*leip-","meaning":"to cling, adhere","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nightclub","daylife","socialite","evening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entertainment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recreation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partying","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"2fc083e2-d934-4908-b3b8-0ba2260500ca","word":"nightmare","definition":"A terrifying dream.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nihtmare","root_meaning":"night goblin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nokwt-, *mori-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nightmare","meaning":"a terrifying dream","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nightmare","meaning":"incubus","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nihtmare","meaning":"night-goblin, incubus","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["night","mare (incubus)","incubus","dream"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bad dream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terror","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"horror","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"f330a21f-5144-4944-8d7f-5ff4f955a32a","word":"nighttime","definition":"Nighttime is the period of the night.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nighttime","meaning":"the period of the night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"night","meaning":"night","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"niht","meaning":"night","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"time","meaning":"time; period","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"tīma","meaning":"time; appointed period","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["night","nightly","nightfall","overnight","daytime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"night","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"night hours","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"darkness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"953cc827-fd31-43f6-8ccd-7c01193b16bc","word":"nil","definition":"Nothing; zero, especially as a score in a game.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nulo","language_family":"latin","root":"nihil","root_meaning":"nothing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nil","meaning":"nothing","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"nil","meaning":"short for Latin 'nihil'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nihil","meaning":"nothing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["annihilate","nihilism","null","nothing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"zero","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nothing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"naught","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"dc49caa5-3607-4c48-a5cf-dfce4fba351d","word":"nine","definition":"The cardinal number equal to 8 plus 1.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nueve","language_family":"germanic","root":"nīgun","root_meaning":"nine","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁néwn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nine","meaning":"the number 9","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nine","meaning":"the number 9","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nīgun","meaning":"nine","children":[{"era":"5000 BCE","word":"*h₁néwn̥","meaning":"nine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ninth","nines","nineteen","ninety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ennead","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"c7dd9f26-8d56-41d0-96e2-bfaa3e00eecc","word":"nineteen","definition":"The cardinal number 19, formed from 'nine' + 'ten'.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nigontīene","root_meaning":"nine-ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nineteen","meaning":"the cardinal number 19","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nigontīene","meaning":"nineteen, literally 'nine-ten'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nigon","meaning":"nine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tehun","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nine","ten","nineteenth","nineteenfold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"19","formality":"technical"},{"word":"XIX","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"8e9bb9e0-e7b3-41bd-a87f-5741e94234e3","word":"ninja","definition":"A person skilled in ninjutsu, the traditional Japanese art of stealth, camouflage, and sabotage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ninja","root_meaning":"one who endures, stealthy person","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"15th-17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ninja","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"15th-17th century","word":"ninja","meaning":"stealthy person","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shinobi","samurai","ronin","geisha"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assassin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mercenary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"f4c78759-c353-47b9-9a79-b361af1699ab","word":"ninth","definition":"Constituting number nine in a sequence; one of nine equal parts of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"noveno","language_family":"germanic","root":"nigonthe","root_meaning":"nine","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*newn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ninth","meaning":"number nine in sequence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nigonthe","meaning":"ninth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nigon","meaning":"nine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*newun","meaning":"nine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*newn̥","meaning":"nine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nine","ninety","numeral","ninthly","nonet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nonary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"decimal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"bb0d0c8e-55e3-445e-ad90-35167c2001d4","word":"nip","definition":"To pinch, bite, or cut sharply and briefly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle English nippen","root_meaning":"to pinch or press sharply","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nip","meaning":"to pinch or bite sharply","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nippen","meaning":"to pinch, bite, or press sharply","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"*knippen","meaning":"to pinch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*knīpaną","meaning":"to pinch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German / Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nipped","nipping","nipper","knip","gnip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pinch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squeeze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"8a2a83d9-6955-4735-900e-fb119f2ce513","word":"nipple","definition":"A small projection in the center of a breast or udder through which milk flows in nursing mammals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nippe","root_meaning":"small projection","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nipple","meaning":"small projection on breast","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nippe","meaning":"small projection","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["breast","areola","teat","papilla","mammilla","suck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"papilla","formality":"technical"},{"word":"teat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mammilla","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"bcfe06b5-b47d-4410-b74d-caf8b0c2ea05","word":"nirvana","definition":"In Buddhism, a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"nirvāṇa","root_meaning":"extinction, blowing out (of a flame), cessation","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"Ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nirvana","meaning":"transcendent state of release","children":[{"era":"Ancient","word":"nirvāṇa","meaning":"extinction, blowing out","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["karma","samsara","moksha","enlightenment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enlightenment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bliss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paradise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oblivion","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"fd02d33a-31f9-4d1b-a1a2-2cade326b1cc","word":"nitrogen","definition":"A colorless, odorless, tasteless gaseous element that constitutes about four-fifths of the atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nitrógeno","language_family":"greek","root":"nitron","root_meaning":"sodium carbonate, nitre","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nitrogen","meaning":"chemical element","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"nitrogène","meaning":"nitre-forming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nitron","meaning":"nitre","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"genes","meaning":"producing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nitre","nitric","nitrate","nitrous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"N","formality":"technical"},{"word":"element 7","formality":"technical"},{"word":"atmospheric gas","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"28734cf4-ca5f-4df7-8909-7674083e488e","word":"nobility","definition":"The quality or state of being noble, or the noble class.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nobleza","language_family":"latin","root":"nobilitas","root_meaning":"nobility; fame; excellence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nobility","meaning":"the quality or state of being noble, or the noble class","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"noble","meaning":"of high rank; famous; honorable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nobilis","meaning":"known, famous, noble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nobilitas","meaning":"nobility, fame, excellence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nōscō","meaning":"to know, recognize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-ity","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["noble","noblesse","nobleness","nobly","ignoble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aristocracy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"noblesse","formality":"literary"},{"word":"peerage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"32c767f2-64ab-477f-a75e-8e8b61482020","word":"noble","definition":"Belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"noble","language_family":"latin","root":"nobilis","root_meaning":"well-known, high-born","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"noble","meaning":"high-born","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"noble","meaning":"renowned, of high birth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"noble","meaning":"well-known, high-born","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nobilis","meaning":"well-known, high-born (from noscere 'to know')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nobility","ignoble","know","cognition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aristocratic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinguished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"honorable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"7258c241-72cb-48b7-b592-65638fd0b928","word":"nobody","definition":"No person; no one.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ne + bodig","root_meaning":"not, no + body, trunk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne- / *bʰudʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nobody","meaning":"no person","children":[{"era":"current","word":"no","meaning":"not any","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nā","meaning":"no, not any","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"ne","meaning":"not","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*ne-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"body","meaning":"person, trunk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bodig","meaning":"body, trunk","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*budīgą","meaning":"body","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*bʰudʰ-","meaning":"bottom, foundation","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["no one","somebody","everybody","anybody","body"],"synonyms":[{"word":"no one","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"not a soul","formality":"informal"},{"word":"zero","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"ea26fcdb-76e6-4928-9353-586935d073f0","word":"nod","definition":"To lower and raise one's head briefly, especially in greeting, assent, or understanding.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hnod","root_meaning":"to shake, to move swiftly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nod","meaning":"To lower and raise one's head briefly.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nodden","meaning":"to nod","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnod","meaning":"to shake, move swiftly","children":[],"language":"Old English (likely)"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["noddle","nodding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beckon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"ea324a67-30a5-4aa4-a8d8-809b8551fec4","word":"node","definition":"A point in a network or diagram at which lines or pathways intersect or branch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nodo","language_family":"latin","root":"nodus","root_meaning":"knot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ned-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"node","meaning":"junction point","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nodus","meaning":"knot, tie, difficulty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["knot","nodule","nexus","connubial","denouement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"junction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intersection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"point","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nexus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"c07522f9-0ce9-4b25-bbce-977aa1cb82f9","word":"noel","definition":"A Christmas carol or, archaically, Christmas itself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Navidad","language_family":"french","root":"natalis","root_meaning":"of birth, natal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*genə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"noel","meaning":"Christmas or a carol","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Noël","meaning":"Christmas","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natalis","meaning":"of birth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nasci","meaning":"to be born","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["natal","nativity","nascent","nation","native","innate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Christmas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Yuletide","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"carol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"festivity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"385fc2f6-3744-4877-831f-6804dd0ef02b","word":"noir","definition":"Black, or in film and television, belonging to the dark, cynical style associated with film noir.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"negro","language_family":"french","root":"niger","root_meaning":"black","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"noir","meaning":"dark; black; film-noir style","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"noir","meaning":"black","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"niger","meaning":"black","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["noirish","noire","neo-noir","tech-noir"],"synonyms":[{"word":"black","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shadowy","formality":"literary"},{"word":"gloomy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"9301d5ba-c50f-4c8d-a7f5-b18e290d16ff","word":"noise","definition":"A loud or unwanted sound that is unpleasant or causes disturbance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ruido","language_family":"latin","root":"nausea","root_meaning":"nausea, discomfort","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"noise","meaning":"a loud or unwanted sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"noise","meaning":"loud sound, clamor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nausea","meaning":"nausea, sickness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nautis","meaning":"sailor, seasickness","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["noisy","noiseless","noisemaker","noises"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clamor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"din","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"3f9f701b-32a7-4b76-8b73-74c9167b0a7f","word":"nokia","definition":"A Finnish multinational telecommunications company known for mobile phones.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Nokia, Finland","root_meaning":"place name from Nokia mill","root_language":"Finnish","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Nokia","meaning":"telecommunications company","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Nokia","meaning":"place in Finland, rubber mill name","children":[],"language":"Finnish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Nokia Siemens","Nokian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manufacturer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"telecom company","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"0ffc8c3c-04f4-43bc-a7ae-20f670b40f98","word":"nominate","definition":"To propose or formally enter as a candidate for election or for an honor or award.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"nominar","language_family":"latin","root":"nominare","root_meaning":"to name, to call by name","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁nómn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nominate","meaning":"To propose or formally enter as a candidate for election or for an honor or award.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nominare","meaning":"to name, to call by name (from nomen 'name')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["name","nominal","noun","nomination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"propose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"select","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"9d618b06-11a5-4c2a-9255-6b706653959d","word":"non","definition":"A prefix meaning not, negation, or the opposite of; used to form adjectives and nouns.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"non","language_family":"latin","root":"non","root_meaning":"not","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"non","meaning":"not, negation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"non","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["non-profit","non-fiction","non-issue","negate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"not","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"no","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"270c9c8c-60ce-4ebf-a31f-65e65f99a315","word":"none","definition":"not a single person or thing; no one or nothing.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nan","root_meaning":"not one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"none","meaning":"not a single person or thing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"none","meaning":"not one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nan","meaning":"not one","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["no","not","nothing","nought"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nothing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"no one","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"not a single","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"a62b3285-f09f-41e6-8c92-3ddb8f618846","word":"nonsense","definition":"Spoken or written words that have no meaning or make no sense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"non- + sensus","root_meaning":"not + sense","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nonsense","meaning":"meaningless speech or writing","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"non-","meaning":"not","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"non","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English (from Latin)"},{"era":"1300s","word":"sense","meaning":"meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sens","meaning":"meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sensus","meaning":"feeling, sense","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English (from Old French)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nonentity","sensible","sensory","insensible","presentiment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rubbish","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bosh","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gibberish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"ac60435d-1087-4883-98f5-c7b4ac487496","word":"noodle","definition":"A strip of pasta or a foolish person's head.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Nudel","root_meaning":"a knot, a bun","root_language":"German","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"noodle","meaning":"pasta; head","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"Nudel","meaning":"pasta, dumpling","children":[],"language":"German"},{"era":"16th century","word":"noddle","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"English (earlier form)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["noodles","noodling","dumpling","pasta"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pasta","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dunce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blockhead","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"e97079f1-d4f2-447a-a9d0-0440832df993","word":"noon","definition":"Twelve o'clock in the daytime; midday.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"nona (hora)","root_meaning":"ninth (hour)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁néwn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"noon","meaning":"Twelve o'clock in the daytime.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"non","meaning":"ninth hour","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nona (hora)","meaning":"ninth hour","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["none","novena","nonary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"midday","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noontime","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"ed52286d-4f6b-4b7d-9dfc-1fcc2e6a0513","word":"nope","definition":"An informal way of saying 'no.'","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"no","root_meaning":"not any, not","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nope","meaning":"informal no","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"no","meaning":"no","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"na","meaning":"no, not","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ne","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["no","nay","none","never"],"synonyms":[{"word":"no","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"not at all","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"da3f8893-69a2-4adc-bf37-1cac42522611","word":"nor","definition":"Used to introduce a further negative statement.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nother","root_meaning":"not the other, nor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nor","meaning":"neither, and not","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nor","meaning":"nor, neither","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nother","meaning":"not the other","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["neither","not","no","nether"],"synonyms":[{"word":"and not","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neither","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"573012d9-7940-48f7-9a2d-380f473bc091","word":"norm","definition":"A standard or pattern, especially of behavior, that is typical or expected of a group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"norma","language_family":"latin","root":"norma","root_meaning":"carpenter's square, rule, pattern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"norm","meaning":"A standard or pattern","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"norme","meaning":"rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"norma","meaning":"carpenter's square, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["normal","normative","enormous","normalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guideline","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"600f7107-5d75-4b7a-a3d4-4191afe6de7b","word":"normal","definition":"Conforming to a standard; usual or expected.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"normal","language_family":"latin","root":"normalis","root_meaning":"according to a square or rule","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"normal","meaning":"conforming to a standard","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"normal","meaning":"perpendicular, according to a standard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"normalis","meaning":"according to a square or rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"norma","meaning":"carpenter's square, rule, standard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["normalize","normality","abnormal","normally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"usual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"typical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"3ec06b2a-e4ea-46c6-9d34-b9a1443ca952","word":"norman","definition":"A member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"normando","language_family":"germanic","root":"Norðmaðr","root_meaning":"Northman","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Norman","meaning":"A member of the Norman people","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Normant","meaning":"Norman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Norðmaðr","meaning":"Northman","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Normandy","Norse","Norwegian","Northman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Norseman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Viking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Frank","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"c52c3086-9cf4-4af0-9fb4-4b1cfb89928b","word":"north","definition":"The cardinal direction toward the North Pole, opposite to south.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"norte","language_family":"germanic","root":"norþ","root_meaning":"north","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ner- (left, below) + *-th (direction)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"north","meaning":"direction toward the North Pole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"north","meaning":"north, northern region","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["northern","northward","northeast","northerner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boreal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arctic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"89194011-00b6-4104-927a-0dc8d42be523","word":"northeast","definition":"The direction or region midway between north and east.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"noreste","language_family":"germanic","root":"north, east","root_meaning":"north (direction), east (direction)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*norþraz, *aus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"northeast","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"north east","meaning":null,"children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"norþ","meaning":"north","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*norþraz","meaning":null,"children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēast","meaning":"east","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aus-","meaning":"to shine, dawn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["north","east","northwest","southeast","direction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"northeastern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compass point","formality":"technical"},{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"region","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"dea9bb41-01f3-43ab-9a01-7526be5b8de0","word":"northern","definition":"Located in, directed toward, or belonging to the north; situated in the northern regions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"norteño","language_family":"germanic","root":"north","root_meaning":"the direction to the left when facing east","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*northa","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"northern","meaning":"of or belonging to the north","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"northern","meaning":"of the north","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"north","meaning":"northward direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"northa","meaning":"left side (when facing east)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["north","northerly","northward","northeast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arctic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boreal","formality":"literary"},{"word":"polar","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"2bedd8d5-a531-49cd-8390-555fa0a5ad50","word":"northwest","definition":"The direction halfway between north and west.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"norþ, west","root_meaning":"north, west","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nurtha-, *wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"northwest","meaning":"The direction halfway between north and west.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"north","meaning":"The cardinal direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"norþ","meaning":"north","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*nurtha-","meaning":"north","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"west","meaning":"The cardinal direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"west","meaning":"west","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*wes-","meaning":"west","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["northern","western","north","west","northerly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"northwesterly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"NW","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"7acfc1e6-5585-4e67-aa4a-84860a0be593","word":"norwegian","definition":"Relating to Norway, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"norrœnn","root_meaning":"northern","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"norwegian","meaning":"Relating to Norway, its people, or its language.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"norrœnn","meaning":"northern","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"norðr","meaning":"north","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-œnn","meaning":"belonging to","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["north","Norse","Norway","fjord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Scandinavian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Norse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"0fd2b3a8-b5d4-4fd6-8561-e1b4643c3e99","word":"nose","definition":"The part of the face or head of an animal that contains the nostrils and is used for smelling and breathing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nosu","root_meaning":"nose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nas-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nose","meaning":"The prominent part of the face above the mouth, containing the nostrils and used for breathing and smelling.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nosu","meaning":"nose","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*nasō","meaning":"nose","children":[{"era":"unknown","word":"*nas-","meaning":"nose","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nostril","nasal","nares","nasus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proboscis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"snoot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"25537c82-6211-45eb-bb1c-64a9dd4eb5be","word":"nostalgia","definition":"A sentimental longing for the past.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nostalgia","language_family":"greek","root":"nostos + algos","root_meaning":"homecoming pain","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~700 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"nóstos (νόστος) + álgos (ἄλγος)","meaning":"Homecoming + pain. Coined in 1688 by Johannes Hofer from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1770s","word":"nostalgia","meaning":"Longing for the past.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"nostalgia","meaning":"Nostalgia.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["nostalgic","neuralgia","analgesic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"longing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"homesickness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wistfulness","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"8eabe776-7fc2-4a32-b302-543d923dd235","word":"nosy","definition":"Curious about other people's private affairs.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nosu","root_meaning":"nose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nusô","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nosy","meaning":"curious about other people's private affairs","children":[{"era":"post-1100","word":"nose + -y","meaning":"formed from nose with the adjectival suffix -y","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nose","meaning":"nose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nosu","meaning":"nose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nusô","meaning":"nose","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"post-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nosey","nosiness","nosily","nosiest","nosed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquisitive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"curious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"76dc0d34-658c-43cd-95b1-ae42014b4e7e","word":"not","definition":"Used to negate or express negation of a clause or verb.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"naught","root_meaning":"nothing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"not","meaning":"negation marker","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"naught","meaning":"nothing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"na + wiht","meaning":"not a creature/thing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["naught","nought","nothing","negate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"no","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nay","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"neither","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"6ac4bcb1-741b-4393-bbd3-3bf44662167b","word":"notary","definition":"A public officer authorized to witness signatures and certify documents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"notario","language_family":"latin","root":"nota","root_meaning":"mark, sign, note","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"notary","meaning":"a public officer authorized to witness signatures and certify documents","children":[{"era":"late 1200s","word":"note","meaning":"a mark, sign, or memorandum","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nota","meaning":"a mark or sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["note","notate","notation","notarial","notarize","notarization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notary public","formality":"formal"},{"word":"certifier","formality":"technical"},{"word":"attesting officer","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"7af708b1-5a02-481c-a388-d360c7aafd05","word":"note","definition":"A brief record of something to be remembered or noticed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nota","language_family":"latin","root":"nota","root_meaning":"mark, sign, note","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"note","meaning":"brief record","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"note","meaning":"mark, note","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nota","meaning":"mark, sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notare","meaning":"to mark","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notation","notable","noted","noter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"memo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annotation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"5b5dcca1-b35b-4902-b734-38ae89f189ff","word":"notebook","definition":"A book of blank pages for writing notes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"note + book","root_meaning":"notice + writing tablet","root_language":"English (compound)","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"notebook","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"note","meaning":"a mark, sign, written character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nota","meaning":"a mark, sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"book","meaning":"a written work, writing tablet","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*bōks","meaning":"beech (from which writing tablets were made)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notepad","textbook","bookmark","notecard","logbook","sketchbook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ledger","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"dd82c91f-0bd6-4f45-8f68-41c9e2f3c971","word":"noted","definition":"Observed or noticed; or well-known and respected.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"anotado","language_family":"latin","root":"nota","root_meaning":"mark, sign, note","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"noted","meaning":"observed or famous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"note","meaning":"mark, sign, to observe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nota","meaning":"mark, brand, sign, character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notare","meaning":"to mark, note, notice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["note","notable","notation","notice","denote"],"synonyms":[{"word":"famous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prominent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinguished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"observed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"dfa5d054-e7fc-4618-a19f-2da00ce40be4","word":"notes","definition":"Brief written records or remarks; or sounds produced by musical instruments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"notas","language_family":"latin","root":"nota","root_meaning":"a mark, sign, or characteristic","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"notes","meaning":"written remarks or musical sounds","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"note","meaning":"a mark, annotation, or musical tone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nota","meaning":"a mark, sign, brand, characteristic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notare","meaning":"to mark, observe, note","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["note","notable","notation","notary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annotations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remarks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"records","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"memos","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"45420fb2-9b10-4120-88bd-593b924a01d3","word":"nothing","definition":"The absence of anything; not a single thing.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"no thing","root_meaning":"not a thing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nothing","meaning":"absence of anything","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"no + thing","meaning":"not a single thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"na thing","meaning":"no thing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["none","no","thing","nothingness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"zero","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"naught","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"7f981e1e-2faf-4d45-b0cc-ada1ce2de161","word":"notice","definition":"To become aware of or observe something; or a written announcement or warning.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"noticia","language_family":"latin","root":"notitia","root_meaning":"knowledge, acquaintance, information","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"notice","meaning":"to observe or written announcement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"notice","meaning":"information, notification","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notitia","meaning":"knowledge, acquaintance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notify","notable","notation","noticeable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"announcement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"ed4ebefe-18d4-4128-b604-34a9f5f18614","word":"notification","definition":"The action of notifying someone or something, or the information itself.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"notificación","language_family":"latin","root":"notificare","root_meaning":"to make known, acquaint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"notification","meaning":"act of notifying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notificatio","meaning":"a making known","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notificare","meaning":"to make known, acquaint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notus","meaning":"known","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gnoscere","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*ǵneh₃-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to set, place, do","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notify","notice","notable","notion","annotation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"announcement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"message","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"a9ff242d-1ff3-4cda-91da-caa26b61513a","word":"notify","definition":"To inform someone of something; to give notice.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"notificar","language_family":"latin","root":"notificare","root_meaning":"to make known, acquaint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"notify","meaning":"to inform","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"notifier","meaning":"to make known","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notificare","meaning":"to make known (notus 'known' + facere 'to make')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notice","notion","notorious","notoriety","notation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"f99bdbab-fd79-4694-9d16-0c0be4903a8f","word":"notorious","definition":"Famous or well known for some bad quality or deed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"notorio","language_family":"latin","root":"nōtōrius","root_meaning":"well-known, customary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"notorious","meaning":"famous for bad quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nōtōrius","meaning":"well-known","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nōtus","meaning":"known","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["note","notice","notify","cognition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infamous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disreputable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scandalous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"70f66001-7ed1-4c21-8c52-6b65e5a7441f","word":"nov","definition":"Abbreviation for November, the eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"November","root_meaning":"ninth month (from novem, nine)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*newn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Nov","meaning":"abbreviation for November","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"November","meaning":"eleventh month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"November","meaning":"ninth month of Roman calendar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"novem","meaning":"nine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["November","Nov.","novem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"November","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eleventh month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"fc080ed4-214c-4cdd-86ac-8e946705c98f","word":"nova","definition":"A star showing a sudden large increase in brightness and then slowly returning to its original state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nova","language_family":"latin","root":"nova","root_meaning":"new","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*newos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nova","meaning":"A star showing a sudden large increase in brightness.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nova","meaning":"new","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*newos","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["novel","novice","innovate","supernova"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supernova","formality":"technical"},{"word":"new star","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flare star","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"e8f537d3-d6da-4f9f-844c-e484cb527923","word":"novel","definition":"New or unusual in an interesting way; a long fictional narrative.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"novela","language_family":"latin","root":"novellus","root_meaning":"new, young, fresh","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"novus","meaning":"New, fresh, young.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"novel","meaning":"New, original; a book.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"novela","meaning":"Novel, story.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["novelty","novelist","novice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"new","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innovative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"original","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ab2324e1-aeb4-4c78-924e-344c250d9464","word":"novelty","definition":"The quality of being new, original, or unusual.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"novedad","language_family":"latin","root":"novus","root_meaning":"new","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*newo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"novelty","meaning":"newness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"novelté","meaning":"newness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"novellus","meaning":"newish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"novus","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["novel","innovate","renovate","novice","new"],"synonyms":[{"word":"originality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freshness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innovation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uniqueness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"e543ceaa-2429-46c8-a734-a64c57440c23","word":"november","definition":"The eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"noviembre","language_family":"latin","root":"novem","root_meaning":"nine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁néwn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"November","meaning":"eleventh month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"November","meaning":"ninth month (originally)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"novem","meaning":"nine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["November","nine","novena","novel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eleventh month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"1a39db52-2d08-41f4-845e-63f8fc122142","word":"now","definition":"At the present time or moment.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nū","root_meaning":"now, at present","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"now","meaning":"at the present time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nū","meaning":"now, at present","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*nu-","meaning":"now","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["new","anew","nowadays","now-a-days"],"synonyms":[{"word":"at present","formality":"formal"},{"word":"currently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"right now","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"5938f32b-a6cf-4aa5-a5fa-fc0964633d8e","word":"nowadays","definition":"In the present time or age.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nu ad dæges","root_meaning":"on days of now","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nowadays","meaning":"In the present time or age.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"nu ad dæges","meaning":"on days of now","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nu","meaning":"now","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dæg","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["now","day","always","sometimes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"currently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"today","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"9469a807-4aa2-4574-9128-bc4d50c44635","word":"nowhere","definition":"Not in or at any place; to no place.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nā hwǣr","root_meaning":"no + where","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne *kʷos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nowhere","meaning":"not at any place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"no whare","meaning":"no place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nā hwǣr","meaning":"not anywhere","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nā","meaning":"no, not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwǣr","meaning":"where","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anywhere","somewhere","everywhere","wherefore","nowheresville"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"missing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nonexistent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"414ae636-3cfd-4efc-807c-7a92b37c5e88","word":"nuclear","definition":"Relating to the nucleus of an atom or cell.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nuclear","language_family":"latin","root":"nucleus","root_meaning":"kernel or core","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nuclear","meaning":"relating to a nucleus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nucleus","meaning":"kernel, core, center","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nux","meaning":"nut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nucleus","nuclei","nucleate","nucleon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"atomic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"central","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"c5a49a81-f4fc-436c-a1eb-e553dcf1fd9b","word":"nucleus","definition":"The central and most important part of an object or group; in biology, the membrane-bound organelle containing a cell's genetic material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"núcleo","language_family":"latin","root":"nucleus","root_meaning":"kernel, inner part of a nut","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kneu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nucleus","meaning":"central part; cell's genetic organelle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nucleus","meaning":"kernel, inner part of a nut","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nux","meaning":"nut","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kneu-","meaning":"nut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nuclear","nucleic","nucleotide","nucleon","nucleate","denuclearize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kernel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hub","formality":"informal"},{"word":"epicenter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"23eb550d-83a7-4351-8f24-3305547dd52e","word":"nude","definition":"having no clothes on; naked.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"desnudo","language_family":"latin","root":"nudus","root_meaning":"naked, bare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nogʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nude","meaning":"naked","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nud","meaning":"naked","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nudus","meaning":"naked","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*nogʷ-","meaning":"naked","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["naked","nudity","denude","nudism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"naked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unclothed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"d8cb2adb-2dc2-4835-94de-24a1e060f540","word":"nudist","definition":"A person who practices or advocates nudity, especially for health reasons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nudista","language_family":"latin","root":"nudus","root_meaning":"naked","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nogʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nudist","meaning":"one who practices nudity","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"nudism","meaning":"practice of nudity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nudus","meaning":"naked","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*nogʷ-","meaning":"naked","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nude","nudity","denude","naked","nudism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"naturist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"streaker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"812fd22c-8944-4230-869a-9dcb654ca333","word":"nudity","definition":"The state or condition of being unclothed or exposed; nakedness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nudidad","language_family":"latin","root":"nudus","root_meaning":"naked, bare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nogw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nudity","meaning":"state of being unclothed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nudité","meaning":"nakedness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nuditas","meaning":"nakedness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nudus","meaning":"naked, bare","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*nogw-","meaning":"naked","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nude","nudism","nudist","denude","denuded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nakedness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bareness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undress","formality":"literary"},{"word":"déshabillé","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"64487117-794c-4e37-a4e2-1aac2a7e6f61","word":"nugatory","definition":"Of no value or importance; trifling or futile.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nugatorio","language_family":"latin","root":"nugatorius","root_meaning":"worthless, trifling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"nugae","meaning":"Jokes, trifles, nonsense.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"nugatorius","meaning":"Trifling, frivolous.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"nugatory","meaning":"Worthless, futile.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"nugatorio","meaning":"Nugatory, null.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["nugacity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"futile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inconsequential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pointless","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"be3b6a20-777e-4449-ac94-fe2fd2354476","word":"nuisance","definition":"A person, thing, or circumstance causing inconvenience or annoyance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"noisance","root_meaning":"harm, injury","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nuisance","meaning":"A person, thing, or circumstance causing inconvenience or annoyance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"noisance","meaning":"harm, injury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nocere","meaning":"to harm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["annoyance","inconvenience","bother","noxious","pernicious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annoyance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bother","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pest","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"39057ab2-9326-4544-8ea6-a9c1a4127f6a","word":"null","definition":"Having no legal force; invalid or ineffective.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nulo","language_family":"latin","root":"nullus","root_meaning":"not one, none","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"null","meaning":"having no legal validity or worth","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"null","meaning":"invalid, void","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nullus","meaning":"not one, none","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nullify","nullity","annul","null set"],"synonyms":[{"word":"void","formality":"formal"},{"word":"invalid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"null and void","formality":"legal"},{"word":"worthless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.303Z"}
{"id":"ae5959af-03e2-478c-a2c4-4d0ae90884f2","word":"numb","definition":"Deprived of the power of sensation; unable to feel.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"niman","root_meaning":"to take, seize","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*nem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"numb","meaning":"deprived of sensation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nome","meaning":"taken, seized (past participle of nim)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"niman","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nem-","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nimble","take","benumb","numbness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"senseless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deadened","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paralyzed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"ff017a1d-a4dd-41d0-9ab2-b2c9e0f6be7b","word":"number","definition":"A mathematical value or quantity, or a symbol representing such a value.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"número","language_family":"latin","root":"numerus","root_meaning":"a number, amount, group","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"number","meaning":"mathematical quantity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nombre","meaning":"number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"numerus","meaning":"number, amount","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["numeral","numerical","numerous","enumerate","innumerable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numeral","formality":"technical"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"amount","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"8842049d-2baa-4c15-94fb-a0ad9b8b0717","word":"numbers","definition":"Plural of number; mathematical values or series of digits used for counting or identification.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"números","language_family":"latin","root":"numerus","root_meaning":"a number or quantity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"numbers","meaning":"mathematical units","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"number","meaning":"a quantity or count","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"numerus","meaning":"a count, aggregate, sum","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"PIE *nem-","meaning":"to distribute, allot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["number","numeracy","enumerate","numerical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"figures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"numerals","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"741b2ce3-0351-46bb-bb0e-c06ea45de1e3","word":"numeric","definition":"Relating to or expressed as a number or numbers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"numérico","language_family":"latin","root":"numerus","root_meaning":"number","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"numeric","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"numerus","meaning":"number","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"current","word":"-ic","meaning":"relating to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-icus","meaning":"relating to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["number","numeral","numerous","enumerate","numerate","numerical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numerical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mathematical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"quantitative","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"a390b111-54e5-4cf9-a082-9cf9e1ebb14f","word":"numerical","definition":"Relating to or expressed in numbers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"numérico","language_family":"latin","root":"numerus","root_meaning":"number","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"numerical","meaning":"relating to or expressed in numbers","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"numericus","meaning":"relating to number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"numerus","meaning":"number","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*nem-","meaning":"to allot, assign; take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["number","numeral","enumerate","numerous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quantitative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"arithmetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statistical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"aac48045-81c1-4fd1-9320-ccbf0e6dabf5","word":"numerous","definition":"Great in number; many.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"numeroso","language_family":"latin","root":"numerus","root_meaning":"number","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"numerous","meaning":"great in number","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"numerosus","meaning":"numerous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"numerus","meaning":"number","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["number","numeral","enumerate","innumerable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"many","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"countless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abundant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"74ae80e0-c287-4576-a79d-b2c5c75563fa","word":"nun","definition":"A member of a community of women living under religious vows, especially of poverty, chastity, and obedience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"nonna","root_meaning":"tutor, old woman","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nun","meaning":"a female religious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nunne","meaning":"nun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nonna","meaning":"tutor, old woman","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convent","monastery","sister","novice","abbess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"religious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"anchoress","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"2273485b-d159-4fff-8621-6821a2622305","word":"nurse","definition":"A person trained to care for sick or injured people, typically in a medical setting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nodriza","language_family":"latin","root":"nutrire","root_meaning":"to nourish, suckle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sneu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nurse","meaning":"trained medical caregiver","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"nurss / norice","meaning":"wet nurse, woman who suckles an infant","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"norrice","meaning":"wet nurse","children":[{"era":"400s–600s CE","word":"nutricia","meaning":"nurse, nourisher","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nutrire","meaning":"to nourish, feed, suckle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nurture","nursing","nursery","nourish","nutrient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caregiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clinician","formality":"technical"},{"word":"attendant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"4afc54c0-4884-4c7b-b9e0-96d03b535ef1","word":"nursery","definition":"A room or other place set apart for the care of infants or young children.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"norrice","root_meaning":"nurse","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*snutri-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nursery","meaning":"A place for children's care.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nurserie","meaning":"place for nourishing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"norrice","meaning":"nurse (person who nourishes)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nutrire","meaning":"to nourish, to feed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nurse","nourish","nutrient","nurture","nursing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creche","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daycare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kindergarten","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"52db0d8b-6bba-4cbc-bb7b-ce1f66354134","word":"nursing","definition":"The profession or practice of caring for the sick and injured, or the act of feeding an infant at the breast.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"nurse","root_meaning":"one who nourishes or cares for","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nursing","meaning":"healthcare profession or breastfeeding","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"nurse","meaning":"wet nurse, caretaker","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"nourrice","meaning":"nurse, nourisher","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nurse","nursery","nurture","nurturer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"healthcare","formality":"formal"},{"word":"caregiving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breastfeeding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"cacebfd9-587b-47d6-93b2-d1a5ccbd64a1","word":"nut","definition":"A fruit consisting of a hard or tough shell around an edible kernel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hnutu","root_meaning":"nut","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hnut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nut","meaning":"a shelled fruit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnutu","meaning":"nut","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["walnut","hazelnut","donut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kernel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"efc2e8f0-69ba-4725-b25e-9ce6354a8d62","word":"nutrition","definition":"The process of providing or obtaining the food or nutrients necessary for health and growth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nutrición","language_family":"latin","root":"nutrire","root_meaning":"to nourish, to feed, to nurse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nutrition","meaning":"process of nourishing and obtaining nutrients","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"nutrition","meaning":"nourishment, act of nourishing","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"nutritio","meaning":"nourishment, food","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nutrire","meaning":"to nourish, to feed, to nurse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nutritious","nutrient","nutritionist","nutritive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nourishment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustenance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"food intake","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"d64197a0-a4f7-4581-bccd-85f03b38db5b","word":"nutty","definition":"Having the flavor or scent of nuts, or behaving in a foolish or eccentric way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hnutu","root_meaning":"nut","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"nutty","meaning":"having the flavor or scent of nuts, or behaving in a foolish or eccentric way","children":[{"era":"1300s+","word":"nut + -y","meaning":"formed from nut plus the adjectival suffix -y","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nut","meaning":"the edible seed or kernel of a tree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnutu","meaning":"nut","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle/Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nut","nuts","nuttiness","nutlike","peanut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crazy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"eccentric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wacky","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"134aa99f-9533-452e-b1f2-8c15733835a8","word":"nylon","definition":"A tough, lightweight, synthetic polymer that can be made into fibers, sheets, or molded items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1930s","word":"nylon","meaning":"synthetic polymer (coined word)","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"polyamide","formality":"technical"},{"word":"synthetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plastic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"polymer","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"f77c1121-bf56-4665-bd35-5577c885faa8","word":"oak","definition":"A large deciduous tree that bears acorns and typically has lobed leaves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*aiks","root_meaning":"oak","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂eǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oak","meaning":"large deciduous tree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ac","meaning":"oak","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aiks","meaning":"oak","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*h₂eǵ-","meaning":"acorn, oak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["acorn","oaken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"timber","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"dc6fcb18-70c6-420c-ada9-f889bc8de33c","word":"oasis","definition":"A fertile spot in a desert where water is found.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oasis","language_family":"greek","root":"oasis","root_meaning":"fertile spot in a desert","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oasis","meaning":"A fertile spot in a desert where water is found.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oasis","meaning":"fertile spot in desert","children":[{"era":"null","word":"wḥ3t","meaning":"oasis","children":[],"language":"Egyptian"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["desert","fertile","waterhole"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refuge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanctuary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"7986d66f-a05b-491a-a74f-12877949ac24","word":"oath","definition":"A solemn promise, often invoking a divine witness, regarding one's future action or behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"āþ","root_meaning":"oath, solemn promise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aiþaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oath","meaning":"solemn promise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"āþ","meaning":"oath","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*aiþaz","meaning":"oath","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swear","affidavit","avow","betrothal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"9d62b3f1-f4d7-4c20-8871-352994e38169","word":"oatmeal","definition":"A porridge or prepared food made from oats, usually cooked with milk or water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"oat + meal","root_meaning":"oat + ground grain; flour","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oatmeal","meaning":"food made from oats","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oat","meaning":"the cereal grain oat","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"meal","meaning":"ground grain or flour","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oat","oaten","oatcake","oat bran","meal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"porridge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gruel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oat porridge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"d939bfc0-2a81-4d3e-a3f0-a9b148df7a5c","word":"obedience","definition":"Obedience is the act or quality of following commands or rules.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obediencia","language_family":"latin","root":"oboedientia","root_meaning":"obedience","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obedience","meaning":"act or quality of following commands or rules","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"obedience","meaning":"obedience","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oboedientia","meaning":"obedience","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oboedire","meaning":"to obey, listen to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"audire","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obey","obedient","disobedience","obediently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dutifulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subservience","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"8ff78dfa-f383-42bc-9610-1ee75c96fcb2","word":"obesity","definition":"The condition of being grossly fat or overweight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obesidad","language_family":"latin","root":"obesus","root_meaning":"having eaten until stout, fat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obesity","meaning":"condition of being fat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"obésité","meaning":"fatness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obesitas","meaning":"fatness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obesus","meaning":"fat, having eaten until stout","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obese","eat","edible","comedo","obesus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corpulence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fatness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portliness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"c088d978-06ed-48da-9c3b-6fd8dc0f863c","word":"obey","definition":"To comply with or follow the commands, restrictions, wishes, or instructions of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"obedecer","language_family":"latin","root":"oboedire","root_meaning":"to give ear to, obey","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obey","meaning":"to comply with commands","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"obeir","meaning":"to obey","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oboedire","meaning":"to give ear to, obey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obedient","obedience","auditory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"submit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"7ab448c3-d6e5-4712-b96c-6565443a49f6","word":"obituary","definition":"A notice of a death, especially in a newspaper, typically including a brief biography of the deceased person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obituario","language_family":"latin","root":"obitus","root_meaning":"a going to meet, downfall, death","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obituary","meaning":"a notice of a death","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"obituarius","meaning":"relating to a death","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obitus","meaning":"a going to meet, downfall, death","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obit","issue","perish","ambition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eulogy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necrology","formality":"technical"},{"word":"death notice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"7d32f9ae-20ad-45b2-a828-e66be1a6285a","word":"object","definition":"A tangible thing that can be perceived or touched, or to express disagreement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"objeto","language_family":"latin","root":"obiectus","root_meaning":"thrown against, opposed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*iek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"object","meaning":"a tangible thing or expression of disagreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obiectus","meaning":"thrown against, opposed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obicere","meaning":"to throw against","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["objective","objection","objectify","objet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"item","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"oppose","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"4f3a0b47-bd8f-4f34-afc3-8d2dea27851c","word":"objection","definition":"An expression or feeling of disapproval or opposition; a reason for disagreeing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"objeción","language_family":"latin","root":"obiectiō","root_meaning":"a throwing or putting before, an opposing, an objection","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"objection","meaning":"An expression or feeling of disapproval or opposition.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"objection","meaning":"a charge, accusation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obiectiō","meaning":"a throwing or putting before, an opposing, an objection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obiectāre","meaning":"to throw or put before, to oppose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["object","objective","inject","project"],"synonyms":[{"word":"protest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opposition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complaint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"1206e64e-4a89-4c61-827b-92f6c7956239","word":"objective","definition":"Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"objetivo","language_family":"latin","root":"objectivus","root_meaning":"related to an object","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"Medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"objective","meaning":"impartial","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"objectivus","meaning":"related to an object","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"objectum","meaning":"a thing thrown before (past participle of objicere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"objicere","meaning":"to throw against (ob- 'against' + jacere 'to throw')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["object","objection","subject","projectile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impartial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unbiased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neutral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"d5a0a9ca-cc69-44f7-8dc7-9bc3895cc7e8","word":"objectives","definition":"Goals or aims that one is trying to achieve; things aimed at in a military operation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"objetivos","language_family":"latin","root":"objectivus","root_meaning":"presented to the mind, exposed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"objectives","meaning":"goals or aims to be achieved","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"objective","meaning":"a goal or aim","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"objectivus","meaning":"presented to the mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obicere","meaning":"to throw against, present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob + iacere","meaning":"against + to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["objective","object","objectify","obey","objection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aims","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"targets","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purposes","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"8613b79d-a157-4e1b-bf1f-260a673cf195","word":"objects","definition":"Physical things that can be seen or touched; things that stand in opposition or express disagreement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"objetos","language_family":"latin","root":"obicere","root_meaning":"to throw against or oppose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"objects","meaning":"things or things opposed","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"object","meaning":"thing thrown in the way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obicere","meaning":"to throw against","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["object","objective","objectify","objection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"things","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"items","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"articles","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"83afa794-cf90-4e6b-b7d9-17a6494a21ee","word":"obligate","definition":"To bind or compel someone to do something, or to place under obligation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"obligar","language_family":"latin","root":"ligare","root_meaning":"to bind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obligate","meaning":"to bind or compel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obligare","meaning":"to bind to, oblige, compel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"to, toward, against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ligare","meaning":"to bind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leig-","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obligation","obligatory","oblige","obliging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bind","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constrain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"730f3f78-5234-4166-9b19-6d650e7a7fd5","word":"obligation","definition":"An act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; a duty or commitment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obligación","language_family":"latin","root":"obligare","root_meaning":"to bind, to bind up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obligation","meaning":"A duty or commitment.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"obligacion","meaning":"engagement, promise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obligatio","meaning":"a binding, engagement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obligare","meaning":"to bind, to bind up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"toward, against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ligare","meaning":"to bind","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*leig-","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oblige","ligament","liable","religion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"duty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"responsibility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commitment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"9ff364ce-2600-4bb7-a216-026839c61803","word":"oblige","definition":"To make (someone) legally or morally bound to an action or course of action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"obligar","language_family":"latin","root":"obligare","root_meaning":"to bind, tie up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oblige","meaning":"to bind to an action","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"obliger","meaning":"to bind, constrain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obligare","meaning":"to bind, tie up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obligation","obligate","ligature","rely","ally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"require","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constrain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bind","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"0a256fa4-ece6-494e-9b7a-43b7fc5caaf3","word":"obnoxious","definition":"Highly offensive, unpleasant, or irritating.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"nocivo","language_family":"latin","root":"nocēre","root_meaning":"to harm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obnoxious","meaning":"highly offensive, unpleasant, or irritating","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"obnoxious","meaning":"liable to injury or harm; offensive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obnoxius","meaning":"subject to injury; offensive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"noxa","meaning":"harm, injury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nocēre","meaning":"to harm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["noxious","nocuous","nocence","noxiously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annoying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repellent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"bc172ced-8474-414a-ae36-248d6d2a664d","word":"obscene","definition":"Obscene means offensive to accepted standards of decency or modesty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"obsceno","language_family":"latin","root":"obscenus","root_meaning":"indecent, repulsive, of ill omen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obscene","meaning":"offensive to accepted standards of decency or modesty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obscenus","meaning":"indecent, repulsive, of ill omen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obscenity","obscenely","obscener","obscenest","obscenities"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indecent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vulgar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lewd","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"27923a02-85af-48cf-93d3-f167aa827072","word":"observation","definition":"The act or process of observing something or someone carefully in order to gain information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"observación","language_family":"latin","root":"observatio","root_meaning":"watching, heed, consideration","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"observation","meaning":"Act of observing","children":[{"era":"14th century (French), classical (Latin)","word":"observation","meaning":"a watching, heed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"observatio","meaning":"a watching, heed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"observare","meaning":"to watch, note, attend to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"before, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix"},{"era":"classical","word":"servare","meaning":"to keep, watch, guard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French or Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["observe","observant","observatory","unobserved","observer","observable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scrutiny","formality":"formal"},{"word":"monitoring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inspection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"7c3e8088-3395-45ac-bf79-cc50e967a0b4","word":"observe","definition":"To watch carefully the way something happens or the way someone does something, especially in order to learn more about it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"observar","language_family":"latin","root":"observare","root_meaning":"to watch, note, attend to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*serw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"observe","meaning":"To watch carefully the way something happens or the way someone does something, especially in order to learn more about it.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"observer","meaning":"to obey, watch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"observare","meaning":"to watch, keep, attend to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"before, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"servare","meaning":"to watch, keep, protect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["observation","observant","conservatory","preserve","reserve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"watch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"a13cb642-4b49-461f-a5a3-c04594ca9c42","word":"obsess","definition":"Preoccupy or fill the mind of (someone) continually and to a troubling extent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"obsesionar","language_family":"latin","root":"obsidere","root_meaning":"to besiege, occupy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obsess","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsessus","meaning":"besieged, occupied","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"in front of, against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sedere","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obsession","obsessive","siege","sit","preside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preoccupy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haunt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dominate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"2b041abc-a8bc-49ed-a001-1106e3e594a1","word":"obsession","definition":"An idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obsesión","language_family":"latin","root":"obsidere","root_meaning":"to besiege, occupy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obsession","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"obsession","meaning":"obsession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsessio","meaning":"siege, haunting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsidere","meaning":"to besiege, occupy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possess","preside","session","assiduous","siege"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fixation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preoccupation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compulsion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"90640f10-8b56-43db-bc72-dbf5b76b9af6","word":"obsessive","definition":"Characterized by an intrusive, persistent preoccupation that is hard to control.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"obsesivo","language_family":"latin","root":"obsessivus","root_meaning":"pertaining to being besieged or haunted","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obsessive","meaning":"characterized by obsession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsessivus","meaning":"pertaining to besieging or haunting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsess-","meaning":"besieged, blockaded","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsidēre","meaning":"to besiege, sit before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"toward, against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sedēre","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obsession","obsess","obsessed","obsessively","obsessional"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compulsive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fixated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intrusive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preoccupied","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"7d6dcd3d-305e-4a75-8d44-dfdbfa59761a","word":"obsolete","definition":"No longer in current use or no longer existing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"obsoleto","language_family":"latin","root":"obsolescere","root_meaning":"to fall into disuse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obsolete","meaning":"no longer in current use","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"obsolete","meaning":"out of use, outworn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsoletus","meaning":"grown stale, worn out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obsolescere","meaning":"to grow out of use","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obsolescence","obsolescent","obsoletely","obsolesce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outdated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"archaic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"antiquated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"19416cca-f6b2-4f68-8b6d-4d9de3e96cd8","word":"obstacle","definition":"A thing that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obstáculo","language_family":"latin","root":"ob","root_meaning":"against, in the way of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obstacle","meaning":"hindrance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obstaculum","meaning":"a barrier, hindrance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obstare","meaning":"to stand in the way of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob","meaning":"against, in the way","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obstruct","stand","stable","constant","station"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hindrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impediment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blockade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"8f03deff-2e39-438a-bf8e-8d3575e348cd","word":"obstruction","definition":"Obstruction is the act or state of blocking, hindering, or making passage difficult.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"obstrucción","language_family":"latin","root":"struere","root_meaning":"to pile up, build","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*streu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obstruction","meaning":"blocking or hindrance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obstructio","meaning":"a blocking up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obstruere","meaning":"to block up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"against; toward; in the way","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"struere","meaning":"to pile up, build","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obstruct","obstructive","obstructed","construct","structure","instruct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blockage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hindrance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"barrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impediment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"ee479ab5-321f-4357-9a69-f7e0ff8f2a3b","word":"obtain","definition":"To get, acquire, or secure something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"obtener","language_family":"latin","root":"obtinere","root_meaning":"to hold, grasp, obtain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"obtain","meaning":"to get or acquire","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"obtenir","meaning":"to obtain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obtinere","meaning":"to hold, grasp, obtain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"towards","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenere","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["obtainable","obtaining","obtains","unobtainable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acquire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"get","formality":"informal"},{"word":"secure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"procure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"ab44d483-90c3-47e1-9b76-fe7f18347ff2","word":"obtained","definition":"Successfully acquired or gained something through effort or request.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"obtener","language_family":"latin","root":"obtinere","root_meaning":"to hold, get, obtain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obtained","meaning":"acquired or gained","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"obtain","meaning":"to get, acquire","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"obtenir","meaning":"to obtain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obtinere","meaning":"to hold, get","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obtain","obtainable","obtainment","unobtainable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acquired","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"secured","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gained","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"736b3d0c-11b3-45b7-af0f-966c01b308a6","word":"obvious","definition":"Easily perceived or understood; clear.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"obvio","language_family":"latin","root":"obvius","root_meaning":"in the way, open, exposed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"obvius","meaning":"In the way, meeting, easy to find.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"obvious","meaning":"Easily seen, clear.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"obvio","meaning":"Obvious.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["obviously","obviousness","oblivious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evident","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plain","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"f860e07d-cda8-45e7-bd4b-90a84030f20b","word":"obviously","definition":"In a way that is easily perceived or understood; clearly and evidently.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"obviamente","language_family":"latin","root":"obvius","root_meaning":"in the way, presenting itself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h2obhi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"obviously","meaning":"in an evident or clear manner","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"obvious","meaning":"easily seen or understood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"obvius","meaning":"in the way, meeting one, presenting itself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob- + via","meaning":"in front of + way, road","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*weyh₂-","meaning":"to go, pursue","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["obvious","obviousness","obviate","oblivious","via","trivial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evidently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manifestly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"patently","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"15d2832b-b98a-4a9e-8f0d-0152fb5e8638","word":"occasion","definition":"A particular event or the time at which it takes place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ocasión","language_family":"latin","root":"cadere","root_meaning":"to fall","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"occasion","meaning":"event, time","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"occasion","meaning":"opportunity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occasio","meaning":"opportunity, proper time, falling together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob- + cadere","meaning":"toward + to fall","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["occasional","accident","coincide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"event","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occurrence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opportunity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"c514463e-74e1-426c-ac4a-d290ca8153bf","word":"occasional","definition":"Happening or appearing sometimes but not often or regularly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ocasional","language_family":"latin","root":"occasio","root_meaning":"opportunity, occasion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"occasional","meaning":"happening sometimes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"occasion","meaning":"chance, opportunity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occasio","meaning":"opportunity, falling down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occidere","meaning":"to fall down","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["occasion","occasionally","casual","accident","incident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sporadic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infrequent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intermittent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"7228858c-f9a9-4ee6-b397-563e2d780b4d","word":"occasionally","definition":"From time to time; not continuously or regularly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"ocasionalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"occasio","root_meaning":"an opportunity, a fit time","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"occasionally","meaning":"from time to time","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"occasional","meaning":"happening on occasion","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"occasion","meaning":"opportunity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occasio","meaning":"opportunity, falling together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["occasion","occasional","incidence","coincident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sometimes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"periodically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infrequently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sporadically","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"40454f20-5dba-42bb-9b2b-c30dfde7b0cf","word":"occupation","definition":"A job or profession; the action or state of occupying or being occupied.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ocupación","language_family":"latin","root":"occupātiō","root_meaning":"a taking possession, busy-ness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"occupation","meaning":"job or taking possession","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"occupation","meaning":"taking possession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occupātiōnem","meaning":"accusative of occupātiō","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occupāre","meaning":"to seize, take possession of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["occupy","occupational","occupant","capacity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"profession","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"job","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vocation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calling","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"b17c9e7b-357d-43c2-b766-37943bcc32e6","word":"occupational","definition":"Relating to a job or profession.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ocupacional","language_family":"latin","root":"occupare","root_meaning":"seize, take possession of, occupy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"occupational","meaning":"Relating to a job or profession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occupation","meaning":"seizing, taking possession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occupare","meaning":"to seize, take possession of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["occupy","occupation","occupant","occupied","preoccupy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"professional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vocational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"career-related","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"6cb70eac-4bd2-4c8b-a305-fad1d7ada295","word":"occupy","definition":"To reside or be established in (a place).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ocupar","language_family":"latin","root":"occupare","root_meaning":"to take possession of, seize","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"occupy","meaning":"to reside in","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"occuper","meaning":"to seize, take possession of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occupare","meaning":"to seize, take up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"in front of, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["occupation","occupant","capture","capacity","preoccupy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inhabit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwell","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"e97a3e9a-5143-44a9-9078-2193fa5ffc75","word":"occur","definition":"To happen or take place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ocurrir","language_family":"latin","root":"occurrere","root_meaning":"to run to meet, present itself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"occurrere","meaning":"To run toward, meet, come to mind.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"occur","meaning":"To happen, take place.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"ocurrir","meaning":"To occur, happen.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["occurrence","occurring","recur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"happen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transpire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"take place","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"05b633f1-8ff7-457d-9705-7fc2bfe3a511","word":"occurrence","definition":"An incident or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ocurrencia","language_family":"french","root":"occurrence","root_meaning":"a happening","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"occurrence","meaning":"An incident or event.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"occurrence","meaning":"a happening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occurrir","meaning":"to meet, to happen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["occur","current","concur","recurrence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"event","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phenomenon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"3c58df2f-c463-4a9b-93fc-c4817bb45523","word":"ocean","definition":"A large body of salt water that covers most of the Earth's surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"océano","language_family":"greek","root":"Oceanus","root_meaning":"the ocean, the sea god","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ok-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ocean","meaning":"a large body of saltwater","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ocean","meaning":"the ocean, the sea","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ocean","meaning":"the ocean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oceanus","meaning":"the ocean, sea god","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Ōkeanos","meaning":"the ocean, a sea god","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oceanic","ocean","oceanography","oceanographer","Oceanus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sea","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saltwater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maritime expanse","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f486323d-eac3-423c-b1c5-e92f7e4606ac","word":"oct","definition":"A combining form meaning eight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"octo","root_meaning":"eight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*okto-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oct","meaning":"combining form meaning eight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"octo","meaning":"eight","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*okto-","meaning":"eight","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["octave","octopus","octet","October"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"7464c721-4de3-46be-8ed3-7bdda2535440","word":"october","definition":"The tenth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"octubre","language_family":"latin","root":"octo","root_meaning":"eight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oḱtō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"October","meaning":"tenth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"October","meaning":"eighth month (originally)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"octo","meaning":"eight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["October","octet","octopus","octagon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tenth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"804c6c93-d87c-4382-b25c-9c91b099a558","word":"octopus","definition":"A cephalopod mollusc with eight arms, a sac-like body, and no shell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"ὀκτώπους","root_meaning":"eight-footed","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*okto-, *ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"octopus","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"octopus","meaning":"octopus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὀκτώπους","meaning":"eight-footed","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["octagon","octal","podium","pedal","tripod"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cephalopod","formality":"technical"},{"word":"devilfish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"cf1c271f-5894-4806-b9bd-fd7bbba1adc1","word":"odd","definition":"Different from what is usual or expected; strange.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"oddi","root_meaning":"point of a triangle, odd number","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"odd","meaning":"Different from what is usual or expected; strange","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"odde","meaning":"odd, singular","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oddi","meaning":"point of a triangle, odd number","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oddity","peculiar","strange","uneven"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peculiar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bizarre","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"931d8ca3-85c0-4a56-97e3-f39ba2db8b86","word":"odds","definition":"The likelihood of a particular outcome; the balance of probabilities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"oddi","root_meaning":"point, triangle, odd number","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uzdaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"odds","meaning":"The likelihood of a particular outcome; the balance of probabilities.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"odds","meaning":"dispute, quarrel, something uneven","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"odde","meaning":"odd number","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oddi","meaning":"point, triangle, odd number","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*uzdaz","meaning":"point, tip","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["odd","point"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"probability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"likelihood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"152ae67b-70fd-4674-ac7d-6ca38fb346a9","word":"odor","definition":"Odor means a smell, especially one that is noticeable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"olor","language_family":"latin","root":"odor","root_meaning":"smell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"odor","meaning":"smell; scent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"odor","meaning":"smell; scent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["odorous","odorless","odorant","odiferous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aroma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragrance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"522bf3fb-5a7e-4084-8f9b-3ca90818bbd1","word":"off","definition":"Away from or not touching something.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"of","root_meaning":"away from, off","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"off","meaning":"away from or not touching","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"of","meaning":"away, off","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["off-line","off-hand","offend","offer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"16ce862f-3a9e-494b-8b07-31af93b2ace6","word":"offence","definition":"An illegal act; a transgression of a law or rule.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ofensa","language_family":"latin","root":"offendere","root_meaning":"to strike against, to displease, violate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offence","meaning":"an illegal act","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"offense","meaning":"a transgression","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"offense","meaning":"a fault, harm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offensa","meaning":"an injury, affront","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offendere","meaning":"to strike against, displease","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offend","offensive","offender","defense"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transgression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"misdemeanor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wrong","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"a888c24e-9039-45ab-8398-d275e5bb6601","word":"offend","definition":"To cause displeasure, anger, or annoyance in someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ofender","language_family":"latin","root":"offendere","root_meaning":"to strike against, displease","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offend","meaning":"To cause displeasure, anger, or annoyance in someone.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"offendre","meaning":"to offend, transgress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offendere","meaning":"to strike against, displease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fendere","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offense","offensive","offender"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"displease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gall","formality":"literary"},{"word":"upset","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"a36470fd-1838-4434-ad69-9c906fc19662","word":"offense","definition":"An illegal act; a crime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ofensa","language_family":"latin","root":"offensa","root_meaning":"a striking against, injury, affront","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offense","meaning":"An illegal act","children":[{"era":"12th Century","word":"offense","meaning":"injury, wrong, crime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offensa","meaning":"a striking against, injury, affront","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offendere","meaning":"to strike against, displease, transgress","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offend","offensive","defender","fence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transgression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"misdemeanor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infraction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"c29dc69d-b716-4631-899a-7cb4d7696c59","word":"offensive","definition":"Causing offense or anger.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ofensivo","language_family":"french","root":"offendre","root_meaning":"to strike against, to offend","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*bʰen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offensive","meaning":"causing offense","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"offensive","meaning":"harmful, injurious","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"offensif","meaning":"offensive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offensus","meaning":"a striking against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offendere","meaning":"to strike against, to offend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fendere","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offend","defense","manifest","infest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insulting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disagreeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repugnant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"a449b70d-06ad-442e-8c8d-043b46da1b29","word":"offer","definition":"To present or propose something for acceptance or consideration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"oferta","language_family":"latin","root":"offerre","root_meaning":"to bring before, present","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*fer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offer","meaning":"to present for acceptance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"offre","meaning":"offer, gift","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offerre","meaning":"to bring before, present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob- + ferre","meaning":"toward + to bring","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offering","offered","offers","offerer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"propose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tender","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"636773d0-7aa0-44e0-88a2-bfeaff214a2e","word":"offered","definition":"Made available or presented for acceptance or consideration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ofrecido","language_family":"latin","root":"offerre","root_meaning":"to bring toward, present","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offered","meaning":"presented for acceptance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"offer","meaning":"to present, proffer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offerre","meaning":"to bring toward, present, sacrifice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offer","offering","offerer","offered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presented","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proposed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tendered","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proffered","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"0f0c3405-1050-4f19-bd10-e7fdcacd61c3","word":"offering","definition":"Something presented as a gift, contribution, or sacrifice, especially in a religious or formal context.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ofrenda","language_family":"latin","root":"offerre","root_meaning":"to present, bring before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ob- + *fer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offering","meaning":"something presented as gift or sacrifice","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"offer","meaning":"to present, proffer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"offerre","meaning":"to present, bring before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offer","offered","offeror","offerer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contribution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"donation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sacrifice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"17d7a048-c413-46f6-b34b-548dec892225","word":"offers","definition":"Third person singular or plural of offer; to present or propose something for acceptance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"ofrenda","language_family":"latin","root":"offerre","root_meaning":"to bring toward, present, offer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*fer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offers","meaning":"proposes or presents for acceptance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"offer","meaning":"to present, propose, give","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"offrir","meaning":"to offer, present","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offer","offered","offering","offeror"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proposes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"presents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suggests","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenders","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"9a82dda9-22e0-45f2-b9f1-c1d5c2316d2a","word":"office","definition":"A room or building used for administrative, professional, or official work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oficina","language_family":"latin","root":"officium","root_meaning":"service, duty, function","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"office","meaning":"workplace or duty","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"office","meaning":"position of duty or trust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"officium","meaning":"service, duty, function","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["officer","official","officiate","officiary","officiously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"workplace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bureau","formality":"formal"},{"word":"department","formality":"formal"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"73409c32-2ed1-426a-a0f7-60dae7f2a9f7","word":"officer","definition":"A person holding a position of authority or command, especially in the military, government, or police.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oficial","language_family":"latin","root":"officium","root_meaning":"duty, office, function","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"officer","meaning":"person in authority","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"officer","meaning":"one who holds an office","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"officer","meaning":"official, officer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"officium","meaning":"duty, office, function","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["office","official","officer","officiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administrator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commander","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"373070a0-4903-49f1-8691-54e2f43aa87e","word":"officers","definition":"People holding positions of authority or responsibility, especially in military, law enforcement, or organizations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oficiales","language_family":"latin","root":"officium","root_meaning":"duty, office, position of responsibility","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"officers","meaning":"people in positions of authority","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"officer","meaning":"official, person holding office","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"officer","meaning":"one who holds an office","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"officium","meaning":"duty, office, position","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["officer","office","official","officiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"officials","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commanders","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"functionaries","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"80dbed64-1a33-46e6-b872-8f4fff9a2099","word":"offices","definition":"Plural of office; places of work or positions of authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oficinas","language_family":"latin","root":"officium","root_meaning":"duty, service, function","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offices","meaning":"workplaces or positions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"office","meaning":"duty, function","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"officium","meaning":"duty, service, function","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opifex","meaning":"craftsman","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"current","word":"-es","meaning":"plural marker","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["office","official","officer","officiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"workplaces","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bureaus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"positions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"8ffe4e85-641f-40ef-a1b7-3d6a9bc4bcb8","word":"official","definition":"Relating to or done by an authority or public position; authorized or sanctioned.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"oficial","language_family":"latin","root":"officium","root_meaning":"duty, office, function","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"official","meaning":"authorized by authority","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"official","meaning":"relating to an office","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"officium","meaning":"duty, service, office","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["office","officer","officially","officiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authorized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"formal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanctioned","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"26cafc81-f390-4b7b-b461-d232a3ce98d3","word":"officials","definition":"People who hold positions of authority or responsibility in an organization or government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oficiales","language_family":"latin","root":"officium","root_meaning":"duty, function, office","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"officials","meaning":"people in positions of authority","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"official","meaning":"authorized, relating to office","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"officialis","meaning":"relating to duty or office","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["official","office","officer","officiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administrators","formality":"formal"},{"word":"representatives","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authorities","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"8ba9767d-97be-42d5-96b6-52c8075eb6da","word":"offline","definition":"Not connected to a computer, a network, or the Internet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"off","root_meaning":"away, down","root_language":"English","root_era":"mid 20th century (compound usage)","proto_root":"*af-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offline","meaning":"not connected","children":[{"era":"Old English","word":"off","meaning":"away, down","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English/Old French (ult. Latin)","word":"line","meaning":"thread, rope, cable","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["online","disconnected","network","internet","powerline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disconnected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unavailable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unplugged","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"2e61aa08-127e-4692-bbaf-94e55b2bc304","word":"offscreen","definition":"Existing or happening outside the frame of a film or television screen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offscreen","meaning":"outside the frame of a screen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"off","meaning":"away; not on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"screen","meaning":"a screen or partition","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["off-camera","onscreen","screen","offstage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"off-camera","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"out of frame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"out of view","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"b4d5b63f-4298-4fb1-8962-09241af7b0ad","word":"offset","definition":"To counteract or compensate for something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"off- + set","root_meaning":"to place against, to balance","root_language":"English","root_era":"15th-16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offset","meaning":"To counteract or compensate","children":[{"era":"15th-16th century","word":"off-set","meaning":"verb formed from 'off' and 'set'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"off","meaning":"away, from","language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"settan","meaning":"to place, put, establish","language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["set","offsetter","setting","setback","outset"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compensate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counterbalance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neutralize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"balance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"6dd71c6b-9289-48bb-8ba7-f5d72bace7e9","word":"offshore","definition":"Situated at a distance from the coast.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offshore","meaning":"away from the coast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"off","meaning":"away from","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"shore","meaning":"coast, land bordering water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scora","meaning":"a cutting, a division","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shore","off","coastline","seaward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oceanic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maritime","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seaward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"d110c7c3-ac75-4de5-b7ea-1c67b8db099f","word":"offspring","definition":"A person's child or descendants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofspring","root_meaning":"offspring; descendants","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"offspring","meaning":"a person's child or descendants","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofspring","meaning":"offspring; descendants","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"off-","meaning":"away; off","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spring","meaning":"to leap, bound, or spring forth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spring","springing","sprang","sprung"],"synonyms":[{"word":"progeny","formality":"formal"},{"word":"descendants","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issue","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"a0309bfd-3bd1-48f7-a280-6173dbb8e370","word":"often","definition":"Frequently or many times; on numerous occasions.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"oft","root_meaning":"frequent, often","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*oft-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"often","meaning":"frequently, many times","children":[{"era":"1100-1500","word":"often","meaning":"frequently, oftentimes","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"oft","meaning":"often, frequently","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oft","meaning":"frequent, often","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oft","oftentimes","frequent","offend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"repeatedly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commonly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regularly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"539cf0a8-4297-4efb-bcac-93161160bd13","word":"ogre","definition":"An ogre is a monstrous man-eating giant from folklore.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orco","language_family":"french","root":"Orcus","root_meaning":"Hades; the underworld god","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ogre","meaning":"a monstrous man-eating giant","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"ogre","meaning":"a monster or man-eating giant","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"orco","meaning":"demon; monster","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Orcus","meaning":"Hades; god of the underworld","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ogress","ogreish","ogrish","orc","orcish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"giant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiend","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"b1b2a2cf-db93-436e-a972-28641e339af2","word":"ohio","definition":"A state in the Midwest region of the United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Iroquoian ohi:yo","root_meaning":"great river","root_language":"Iroquoian","root_era":"pre-1500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Ohio","meaning":"US state in the Midwest","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Ohio","meaning":"the Ohio River and region","children":[{"era":"pre-1500","word":"ohi:yo","meaning":"great river","children":[],"language":"Iroquoian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Ohioan","Ohio River"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Buckeye State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"American Midwest state","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"28e50184-5bf8-4cec-8bd9-2512bf75c9ba","word":"oil","definition":"A viscous liquid extracted from plants, animals, or minerals, used for fuel, cooking, and lubrication.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aceite","language_family":"latin","root":"oleum","root_meaning":"oil","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oil","meaning":"viscous liquid for fuel and lubrication","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"oile","meaning":"oil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oleum","meaning":"oil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oily","oilskin","oilcloth","oiler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"petroleum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lubricant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"6b88a465-be15-4d65-aede-b4b6efafc6d6","word":"ointment","definition":"A soft medicinal substance rubbed on the skin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ungüento","language_family":"latin","root":"unguentum","root_meaning":"ointment, salve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ointment","meaning":"a soft medicinal substance applied to the skin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"oignement","meaning":"ointment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unguentum","meaning":"ointment, salve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ungere","meaning":"to anoint","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anoint","anointment","unguent","unction","unguentary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"salve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"balm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unguent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"d58929b3-5fc9-4746-a4d5-839ac38ff37a","word":"okay","definition":"In a satisfactory or acceptable condition; all right.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"O.K.","root_meaning":"all correct (humorous misspelling)","root_language":"American English slang","root_era":"1839","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"okay","meaning":"In a satisfactory condition","children":[{"era":"1839","word":"O.K.","meaning":"abbreviation of 'oll korrect'","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["OK","ok","okaying","okayed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agreed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"161ac518-92c3-4c24-8249-b8fb025a69c1","word":"oklahoma","definition":"A state in the south-central United States, named from the Choctaw words for 'red land'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"okla homma","root_meaning":"red land","root_language":"Choctaw","root_era":"pre-1900","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"Oklahoma","meaning":"U.S. state, Choctaw red land","children":[{"era":"1890s","word":"Oklahoma","meaning":"proposed name for Indian Territory","children":[{"era":"pre-1800s","word":"okla","meaning":"red","children":[],"language":"Choctaw"},{"era":"pre-1800s","word":"homma","meaning":"land","children":[],"language":"Choctaw"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Oklahoman","Oklahoma City","Sooner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Sooner State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"d7cbb03d-2602-4268-9863-77789cc667d9","word":"old","definition":"Having existed for a long time; advanced in age.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"viejo","language_family":"germanic","root":"ald","root_meaning":"old, ancient","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"old","meaning":"having existed for a long time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eald","meaning":"old, ancient","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*al-","meaning":"to grow, nourish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["older","oldest","olden","oldness","oldster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ancient","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elderly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"venerable","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"e38cec3e-8a80-4602-bb1a-28e52c32379e","word":"older","definition":"Having lived or existed for a relatively long time; comparative form of old.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eald","root_meaning":"old, ancient","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*altós","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"older","meaning":"more aged, comparative of old","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"old","meaning":"aged, ancient","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eald","meaning":"old, ancient","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["old","oldest","oldness","elder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ancient","formality":"literary"},{"word":"senior","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"7cfe31b7-0bbf-4c78-a626-dd5db48e3b09","word":"olive","definition":"A small oval fruit with a hard stone and bitter flesh, green or black when ripe, used as food and as a source of oil.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oliva","language_family":"latin","root":"olīva","root_meaning":"olive tree, olive fruit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"olive","meaning":"A small oval fruit with a hard stone and bitter flesh.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"olive","meaning":"olive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"olīva","meaning":"olive tree, olive fruit","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ἐλαία (elaia)","meaning":"olive tree, olive","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oil","oleaginous","oleaster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oliva","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"d624393e-a2c4-4004-8d2e-24ea1729fa74","word":"ollie","definition":"A skateboarding maneuver in which the rider and board leap into the air without the rider's hands touching the board.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Alan Gelfand","root_meaning":"Inventor's name","root_language":"English (American)","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ollie","meaning":"skateboarding trick","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ollieing","nollie","kickflip","heelflip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"b2ab84ad-5be4-4ef6-8063-be7c7f243c43","word":"olympic","definition":"Relating to the Olympic Games or Mount Olympus.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"olímpico","language_family":"greek","root":"Olympos","root_meaning":"Mount Olympus","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"olympic","meaning":"relating to the Olympic Games","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Olympikos","meaning":"of Olympus","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Olympos","meaning":"Mount Olympus","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Olympian","Olympus","Games"],"synonyms":[{"word":"athletic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competitive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celebrated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"6d449ce3-227b-47f5-8ef7-b6ae7a51398b","word":"olympics","definition":"A series of international athletic competitions, originally held in ancient Greece at Olympia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Olímpicos","language_family":"greek","root":"Olympia","root_meaning":"of Olympus","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Olympics","meaning":"International athletic competitions","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Olympic","meaning":"relating to Olympia","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Olympikos","meaning":"of Olympus","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Olympia","meaning":"site of the games","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Olympian","Olympus","Olympiad","games"],"synonyms":[{"word":"games","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"festival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"11cc4499-c7fd-4129-ad10-a8c8325f4a7f","word":"omega","definition":"The last letter of the Greek alphabet; the final limit or ultimate end.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"omega","language_family":"greek","root":"ō mega","root_meaning":"great O","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"omega","meaning":"the last letter of the Greek alphabet","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ō mega","meaning":"great O (the long o sound)","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alpha","alphabet","omicron","end","ultimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclusion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ultimate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"4a2ebf7c-378a-46fb-945c-b487fbb783ad","word":"omelet","definition":"An omelet is a dish of beaten eggs cooked in a pan, often folded around a filling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"omelette","root_meaning":"omelet","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"omelet","meaning":"dish of beaten eggs cooked in a pan, often folded around a filling","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"omelette","meaning":"omelet","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["omelette","egg dish","frittata"],"synonyms":[{"word":"omelette","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frittata","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"egg dish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"1a83c0c7-ee6e-4fd8-b59a-534617248950","word":"omen","definition":"A sign or event believed to predict the future, especially something bad.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"omen","root_meaning":"sign, portent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"omen","meaning":"a sign thought to foretell events","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"omen","meaning":"a prophetic sign or presage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ominous","ominously","omens","ominousness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"augury","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"94e16466-2bdd-467b-9cea-d3c00d6c60d0","word":"ominous","definition":"Giving the worrying impression that something bad is going to happen; threateningly inauspicious.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ominoso","language_family":"latin","root":"omen","root_meaning":"sign, presage, prognostic","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ominous","meaning":"Giving the worrying impression that something bad is going to happen; threateningly inauspicious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ominosus","meaning":"of ill omen, fateful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"omen","meaning":"sign, presage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["omen","abominable","abominate","portent","presage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"threatening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foreboding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sinister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portentous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"feb149a9-9a0d-4079-bff4-d5371d9f96e0","word":"omission","definition":"The act of leaving something out or failing to include it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"omisión","language_family":"latin","root":"omittere","root_meaning":"to let go, let fall, lay aside, leave out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"omission","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"omissio","meaning":"a leaving out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"omissio","meaning":"a letting go, a letting slip","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"omittere","meaning":"to let go, let fall, lay aside, leave out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob","meaning":"down, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, let go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["omit","mission","intermittent","transmit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"neglect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oversight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exclusion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lapse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"8bdf2ee1-9a1d-4b85-8b4a-045014243632","word":"onboard","definition":"To integrate a new employee or customer into an organization or system.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on, board","root_meaning":"position, plank/ship's deck","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*an-, *bhrdh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"onboard","meaning":"to integrate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"upon, situated at","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"board","meaning":"plank, ship's side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bord","meaning":"plank","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["integrate","orient","welcome","train"],"synonyms":[{"word":"integrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"train","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orient","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"e5c8b562-c994-4895-beaa-6d07fd72a8fc","word":"once","definition":"One time; or at some time in the past.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ones","root_meaning":"one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*oinaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"once","meaning":"one time","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"once","meaning":"one time","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ones","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["one","ones","oneness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"one time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formerly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"previously","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in the past","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"284039a0-c9d1-4113-bfa9-f6a57a1c9088","word":"one","definition":"The lowest cardinal number; a single unit.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"uno","language_family":"germanic","root":"ān","root_meaning":"one, single","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁oinos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"one","meaning":"The lowest cardinal number","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ān","meaning":"one","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ainaz","meaning":"one","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*h₁oinos","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["only","alone","atone","unit","union","unique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"single","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sole","formality":"formal"},{"word":"solitary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"30a31f99-6ca5-46a0-a7c7-43232d68eb21","word":"ones","definition":"Plural of one; the number 1 repeated or multiple individual people or things.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"an","root_meaning":"one","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*oi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ones","meaning":"plural of one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"one","meaning":"the number one","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*oi-no-","meaning":"one, single","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["one","only","alone","unit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"individuals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"items","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"units","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"9466ce88-92b3-4f74-85fd-923d8628931f","word":"oneself","definition":"The reflexive form of one, used to refer back to an unspecified person.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*ainaz + *selbaz","root_meaning":"one + self","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oneself","meaning":"the reflexive form of one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"one","meaning":"the numeral and indefinite pronoun 'one'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ainaz","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"self, same, own person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*selbaz","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["one","self","myself","yourself","himself","itself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"one's self","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the self","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"70527deb-c20a-48a9-a604-aac71f8cd40d","word":"ongoing","definition":"Continuing; in progress.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on + going","root_meaning":"in action + moving forward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂en-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ongoing","meaning":"continuing; in progress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"in, upon, towards","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"going","meaning":"moving, departing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","undergo","forgo","outgoing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"continuing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"progressing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfolding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"a2c2a534-0e07-417b-a540-4497c7468eb6","word":"onion","definition":"A pungent, edible bulb used as a vegetable, with a strong flavor and smell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"unio","root_meaning":"unity, large pearl","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"onion","meaning":"edible bulb","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"oignon","meaning":"onion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unio","meaning":"unity, large pearl","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["union","unite","only","one"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bulb","formality":"technical"},{"word":"allium","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scallion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"af82035b-88c7-4199-969d-bedcecf9665d","word":"online","definition":"Connected to or served by a computer network or the internet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"on + line","root_meaning":"on a line (telecommunications reference)","root_language":"Modern English compound","root_era":"1950s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s-current","word":"online","meaning":"connected to the internet or computer network","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"on-line","meaning":"connected to a computer system","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"upon, in contact with","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"line","meaning":"cord, thread","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English (early computing)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["offline","online shopping","on-line","internet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"internet-connected","formality":"technical"},{"word":"web-based","formality":"technical"},{"word":"connected","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"1c2d194e-bf69-446b-924c-97d010e077e0","word":"only","definition":"Solely or exclusively; no one or nothing else.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ānlic","root_meaning":"unique, solitary","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aina-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"only","meaning":"solely, exclusively","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ānlīce","meaning":"in a unique manner, singly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ān","meaning":"one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aina-","meaning":"one, unique","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["one","alone","lone","only-begotten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"solely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"just","formality":"informal"},{"word":"exclusively","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"4920cdc7-1f25-4a96-b4be-230afe7a4455","word":"ontario","definition":"A province in eastern Canada, or a Great Lake on the border between Canada and the United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Ontario","root_meaning":"great lake (Iroquoian)","root_language":"Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee)","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ontario","meaning":"Canadian province and Great Lake","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Ontario","meaning":"Great Lake region","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Ontario","meaning":"great lake, beautiful lake","children":[],"language":"Iroquoian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Lake Ontario","Ontarian","Toronto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Ontario province","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Lake Ontario","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"a8709634-3f41-4a6d-ba73-464066537fcd","word":"onto","definition":"Moving toward and touching a surface or position; preposition indicating movement to a place or condition.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"on + to","root_meaning":"upon + toward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ana-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"onto","meaning":"toward and upon a surface","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"upon, above","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to","meaning":"toward, in the direction of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["on","to","into","upon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upon","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"f2c5a46a-c013-4bec-9c38-4a0ba8295988","word":"onward","definition":"Moving or extending forward in time, place, or progress.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weard","root_meaning":"toward, direction","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"onward","meaning":"moving or extending forward in time, place, or progress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on","meaning":"on, in, onto","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ward","meaning":"toward; in the direction of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weard","meaning":"toward; direction","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["on","ward","forward","backward","outward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ahead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forth","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"20d3b547-495b-4a02-ad94-56d7fd7a9aef","word":"onwards","definition":"Moving or extending toward a later point in time or place; onward.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English onweard","root_meaning":"toward; in a forward direction","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wardaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"onwards","meaning":"moving or extending toward a later point in time or place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"onward","meaning":"toward a later point or place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"onweard","meaning":"toward; forward; in the direction of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["onward","forward","toward","backward","inward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ahead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"onward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"719b11b4-3e12-4d31-affb-ccdddac990b8","word":"ooh","definition":"An exclamation expressing surprise, delight, pain, or any strong emotion.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ooh","meaning":"exclamation of strong emotion","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ah","oh","woo","boo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"aha","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ouch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"662c030c-d55e-4702-abba-77cacf977dd0","word":"oooh","definition":"An exclamation expressing surprise, pleasure, or pain.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"oooh","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"20th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oooh","meaning":"exclamation","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oh","ah","wow","gasp","ouch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"aha","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gasp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"4c27b3b6-d710-42d3-b4b0-6e42ec0b6eb8","word":"oops","definition":"An exclamation used when someone makes a mistake or an accident occurs.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"oops","root_meaning":"expression of mild error","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oops","meaning":"Exclamation of error.","children":[{"era":"early 20th century","word":"oops","meaning":"onomatopoeic expression of mild error","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whoops","uh-oh","alas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whoops","formality":"informal"},{"word":"uh-oh","formality":"informal"},{"word":"alas","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"69429912-9bbf-4e47-9171-9dc72bf610cf","word":"open","definition":"Allowing passage through or access to the interior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"opan","root_meaning":"open, spread out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*up-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"open","meaning":"allowing passage or access","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"opan","meaning":"open, spread out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*up-","meaning":"up, open","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opening","opener","openly","openness","reopen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accessible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unblocked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unlocked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ajar","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"b9ba76a1-618e-4279-92c6-1680f3e4566f","word":"opener","definition":"Something or someone that opens, especially a tool or the first part of an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"open","root_meaning":"not closed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opener","meaning":"something or someone that opens, especially a tool or the first part of an event","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"oppinnare/opynnare","meaning":"opener","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"openere","meaning":"opener","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"open","meaning":"not closed; exposed","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["open","opened","opening","reopen","unopened"],"synonyms":[{"word":"starter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unsealer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"ebb8b830-6358-4453-a8f5-bd5b8cab6d0b","word":"opening","definition":"A gap, aperture, or beginning of something; the act of making something accessible.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"apertura","language_family":"germanic","root":"open","root_meaning":"to open, to unclose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opening","meaning":"a gap or beginning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"opening","meaning":"an open space or act of opening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"open","meaning":"to unclose","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["open","opener","openly","openness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aperture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beginning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"549a1204-1aa3-4901-ab05-dec57a7069db","word":"opera","definition":"A dramatic work in one or more acts, set to music for singers and instrumentalists.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ópera","language_family":"latin","root":"opera","root_meaning":"work, labor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opera","meaning":"a dramatic work set to music","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"opera","meaning":"a work, composition (short for opera in musica 'work in music')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opera","meaning":"work, labor, effort","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opus","operate","operetta","cooperation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"musical drama","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stage production","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lyric drama","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"b04d4237-3684-42eb-8208-78c5b1cc602e","word":"operate","definition":"To function or work in a particular way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"operar","language_family":"latin","root":"operārī","root_meaning":"to work, labor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"operārī","meaning":"To work, toil, labor.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"operate","meaning":"To function, run.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"operar","meaning":"To operate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["operation","operator","operative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"function","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"run","formality":"informal"},{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"264d91df-6d46-41cd-89b3-2618f6f3802a","word":"operating","definition":"Functioning or working in a specified manner.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"operando","language_family":"latin","root":"operari","root_meaning":"to work, to labor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"operating","meaning":"functioning or working","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"operate","meaning":"to work or function","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operari","meaning":"to work, labor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["operation","operative","operator","operatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"functioning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"working","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"running","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.506Z"}
{"id":"174e1ab2-7ae3-4f22-864d-6abe75cc75a9","word":"operation","definition":"A process or series of actions carried out to achieve a particular result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"operación","language_family":"latin","root":"operari","root_meaning":"to work or toil","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"operation","meaning":"a process or action performed","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"operation","meaning":"action of working","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operatio","meaning":"working, action","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["operate","operator","operational","operations"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procedure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"process","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"action","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"activity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"cc4c4c8f-f7bb-47c2-91a8-e515734417c6","word":"operational","definition":"Relating to or used in the operation of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"operacional","language_family":"latin","root":"operari","root_meaning":"to work, to toil","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃ep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"operational","meaning":"relating to operation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operatio","meaning":"work, labor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["operate","operation","operative","operator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"functional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"working","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"81d7f0f4-c6c7-4c3e-927e-bd5406100c75","word":"operations","definition":"Processes, activities, or actions carried out to achieve objectives; military maneuvers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"operaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"operari","root_meaning":"to work, toil","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"operations","meaning":"actions or processes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"operation","meaning":"action, working","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"operation","meaning":"action, effect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operatio","meaning":"working, operation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operari","meaning":"to work, toil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["operate","operator","operational","operant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"processes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"activities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"actions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedures","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"91ab623f-ef3b-4d6c-9c4d-8433b457a9f8","word":"operative","definition":"Functioning or having an effect; a person working as a spy or secret agent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"operativo","language_family":"latin","root":"operativus","root_meaning":"performing, able to work","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"operative","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operativus","meaning":"performing, able to work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operari","meaning":"to work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opus","meaning":"work","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["operate","operation","opus","cooperate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"functional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"56d6ec50-31e2-477e-baca-db7207680101","word":"operator","definition":"A person or entity that operates machinery, equipment, or runs a business or service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"operador","language_family":"latin","root":"operari","root_meaning":"to work, labor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"operator","meaning":"one who operates","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"operate","meaning":"to work, function","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"operari","meaning":"to work, toil, labor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opus","meaning":"work, labor, task","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["operate","operation","operative","opus","opera"],"synonyms":[{"word":"technician","formality":"formal"},{"word":"handler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"controller","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"5fabc862-fd27-4042-9862-5c26abe0946e","word":"opinion","definition":"A belief or judgment that is not based on certainty or proof.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"opinión","language_family":"latin","root":"opinio","root_meaning":"thought, supposition, belief","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opinion","meaning":"belief or judgment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"opinion","meaning":"thought, belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opinio","meaning":"thought, supposition, belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opinari","meaning":"to suppose, think","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opinionated","opinion-former","public opinion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"view","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thought","formality":"informal"},{"word":"judgment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"0bb8b747-f53d-47dd-ad96-4cafe80f3005","word":"opinions","definition":"Plural of opinion; beliefs or views held by a person or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"opinión","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin opinor","root_meaning":"to think, suppose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opinions","meaning":"plural of opinion; beliefs or views","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"opinion","meaning":"belief, judgment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"opinon","meaning":"belief, thought","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opinor","meaning":"to think, suppose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opinion","opinionated","opining","opined"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beliefs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"views","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"judgments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"perspectives","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"a174a100-b61d-4a33-a59c-8f303969a90f","word":"opium","definition":"A powerful addictive drug prepared from the sap of unripe poppy capsules, used as a narcotic and in medicine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"opio","language_family":"greek","root":"opion","root_meaning":"poppy juice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opium","meaning":"a narcotic drug","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opium","meaning":"opium","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opion","meaning":"poppy juice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poppy","opiate","opioid","somniferous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"narcotic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"drug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sedative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"9ba3bb9b-f317-4780-b5d4-bdf6846cde33","word":"opponent","definition":"A person who competes against or fights another in a contest, game, or argument; an adversary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oponente","language_family":"latin","root":"opponere","root_meaning":"to set against, oppose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*po-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"opponent","meaning":"one who opposes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opponere","meaning":"to set against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place, put","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["oppose","position","compose","exposition","component"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adversary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foe","formality":"literary"},{"word":"competitor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"185a8167-4dca-4e75-b49a-ff2c71afca6a","word":"opportunities","definition":"Favorable times or circumstances that make something possible or allow advancement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oportunidades","language_family":"latin","root":"opportunus","root_meaning":"suitable, timely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ob- + *portus (port, harbor)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opportunities","meaning":"favorable circumstances","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"opportunity","meaning":"suitable time, occasion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opportunitas","meaning":"fitness, suitability","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opportunity","opportune","opportunist","inopportune"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"openings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"possibilities","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"9a3127be-6961-4448-884e-285eab6aba2d","word":"opportunity","definition":"A favorable time or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oportunidad","language_family":"latin","root":"opportunitas","root_meaning":"fitness, convenience, suitability","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opportunity","meaning":"favorable circumstance to do something","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"opportunity","meaning":"favorable time or chance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opportunitas","meaning":"fitness, suitability of time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opportunus","meaning":"timely, suitable, convenient","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opportune","opportunist","inopportune","opportunistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occasion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"15705105-0c9d-409b-85e8-1a511733c9cf","word":"oppose","definition":"To be against or in conflict with.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"oponer","language_family":"latin","root":"opponere","root_meaning":"to set against","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*po-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oppose","meaning":"to be against","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"opposer","meaning":"to object, resist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opponere","meaning":"to set against","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place, set","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opponent","opposition","compose","impose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"61b93d55-c6a5-468f-8b9d-c48543716197","word":"opposite","definition":"Situated, placed, or lying over against or in a corresponding position to something else; diametrically different.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"opuesto","language_family":"latin","root":"opponere","root_meaning":"to place against","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opposite","meaning":"contrary, facing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oppositus","meaning":"placed against, opposite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"against","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opposition","oppose","opponent","compose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contrary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reverse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"4aec6546-ff51-4a56-8aff-cdae5f6c97ef","word":"oppress","definition":"To treat someone harshly or keep them down by force, pressure, or abuse of power.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"oprimir","language_family":"latin","root":"premere","root_meaning":"to press, squeeze","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oppress","meaning":"to treat harshly or keep down by force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opprimere","meaning":"to press against, crush, oppress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ob-","meaning":"against, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press, squeeze","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oppression","oppressive","oppressor","repress","compress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subjugate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persecute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"8ce43c17-b142-4165-8bb6-4b0e9bf1b7a1","word":"oppression","definition":"The act or condition of oppressing someone, especially with unjust power or control.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"opresión","language_family":"latin","root":"oppressiō","root_meaning":"a pressing down, violence, oppression","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oppression","meaning":"the act or condition of oppressing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"oppression","meaning":"oppression, harsh treatment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"oppression","meaning":"oppression, harsh treatment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oppressiō","meaning":"a pressing down, violence, oppression","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opprimō","meaning":"I press against, crush","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oppress","oppressive","oppressor","oppressed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subjugation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tyranny","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suppression","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"17632b55-f9a7-420d-a73a-88a25928dcee","word":"opt","definition":"To make a choice from a range of possibilities.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"optar","language_family":"latin","root":"optare","root_meaning":"to choose, wish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"opt","meaning":"To make a choice.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"opter","meaning":"to choose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optare","meaning":"to choose, wish","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*op-","meaning":"to choose","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["option","optimal","adopted","co-opt","optimism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"select","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prefer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"76396cf9-4c7f-4067-acdd-ca0df36e8c27","word":"optic","definition":"Relating to the eye or sight; visual.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"óptico","language_family":"greek","root":"optikos","root_meaning":"of sight","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃ekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optic","meaning":"Relating to the eye or sight.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"optique","meaning":"of sight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opticus","meaning":"of sight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optikos","meaning":"of sight","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optical","optician","optics","ophthalmic","myopic","cyclops"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ocular","formality":"technical"},{"word":"optical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seeing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"d49f0e2b-772b-4eea-a979-c87807d6868c","word":"optical","definition":"Relating to light, vision, or the eye; designed to correct or aid vision.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"óptico","language_family":"greek","root":"optikos","root_meaning":"relating to sight","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optical","meaning":"relating to light or vision","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"optical","meaning":"of or relating to optics","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"optique","meaning":"relating to sight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optikos","meaning":"of or for seeing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"opsis","meaning":"sight, appearance","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optic","optician","optics","myopia","vision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sight-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refractive","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"4e6a7045-887b-4c01-a23e-01c529d4a153","word":"optimal","definition":"Best or most favorable; optimum.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"óptimo","language_family":"latin","root":"optimus","root_meaning":"best","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optimal","meaning":"Best, most favorable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optimus","meaning":"Best","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optimism","optimum","optimize","optimist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"best","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ideal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"097172b8-67a6-4758-8bad-d3b5b0854290","word":"optimistic","definition":"Hopeful and confident about the future.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"optimista","language_family":"latin","root":"optimus","root_meaning":"best","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optimistic","meaning":"Hopeful and confident about the future.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"optimisme","meaning":"optimism","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optimus","meaning":"best","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optimum","optimism","optimal","optimality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hopeful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanguine","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"34553537-aae0-467a-b5b1-32f1eb7ab5ce","word":"optimization","definition":"The act or process of making the best or most effective use of a situation or resource.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"optimización","language_family":"latin","root":"optimus","root_meaning":"best","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optimization","meaning":"act of making best use","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"optimize","meaning":"to make optimal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optimus","meaning":"best","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optimal","optimist","optimum","option"],"synonyms":[{"word":"improvement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refinement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maximization","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"e3c6e94b-b068-402c-b2bc-97abb53e43d8","word":"optimize","definition":"To make the best or most effective use of a situation, resource, or system.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"optimizar","language_family":"latin","root":"optimus","root_meaning":"best","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optimize","meaning":"To make the best use of.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"optimiser","meaning":"to optimize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optimus","meaning":"best","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optimum","optimal","optimist","optimism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"improve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enhance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"90ef016b-5e79-4433-861e-4866593ef6ef","word":"optimum","definition":"The most favorable conditions or level for growth, success, or survival.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"óptimo","language_family":"latin","root":"optimus","root_meaning":"best","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optimum","meaning":"most favorable level","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optimus","meaning":"best","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optimal","optimize","optimistic","option"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ideal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"best","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"263a3822-1979-4fbf-b098-77bae9d30908","word":"option","definition":"A choice or alternative course of action available to someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"opción","language_family":"latin","root":"optio","root_meaning":"choice, wish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"option","meaning":"a choice or alternative","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"option","meaning":"choice, act of choosing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optio","meaning":"choice, wish, will","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optare","meaning":"to choose, wish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["optional","optative","opt","adoption"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alternative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"selection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"possibility","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"386e8aa9-e74d-42c5-970f-e180d549f52e","word":"optional","definition":"Available as a choice but not required; left to individual preference.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"opcional","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin optionalis","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to choice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"optional","meaning":"left to choice, not required","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"optional","meaning":"of the nature of an option","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"option","meaning":"choice, selecting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optio","meaning":"choice, option","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optare","meaning":"to choose, wish for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["option","optionally","optionality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elective","formality":"formal"},{"word":"voluntary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discretionary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alternative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"5bc58590-3b9d-4c1f-a0f8-fdce77f96100","word":"options","definition":"Plural of option; choices or alternatives available.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"opciones","language_family":"latin","root":"optio","root_meaning":"choice, wish, desire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*op-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"options","meaning":"plural of choice or alternative","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"option","meaning":"choice, act of choosing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"optio","meaning":"choice, wish, option","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["option","optional","optative","opt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alternatives","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"possibilities","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.972Z"}
{"id":"994fd564-8033-4600-b5ae-1c6bb483dad1","word":"oracle","definition":"A priest or priestess acting as a medium through whom advice or prophecy was sought from the gods; a divine communication or revelation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oráculo","language_family":"latin","root":"orare","root_meaning":"to speak, pray","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oracle","meaning":"divine prophecy; a source of wisdom","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"oracle","meaning":"prophetic utterance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oraculum","meaning":"divine announcement, place where received","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orare","meaning":"to speak, pray","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orator","adoration","peroration","inexorable","oration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prophet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soothsayer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"augur","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"87de35ae-1847-4553-9364-54cb18915942","word":"oral","definition":"Relating to or performed by the mouth; communicated by spoken words rather than writing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"oral","language_family":"latin","root":"os","root_meaning":"mouth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁eh₁s-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"oral","meaning":"of or relating to the mouth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oralis","meaning":"of the mouth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"os","meaning":"mouth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mouth","orally","oration","orator","oral cavity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spoken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verbal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"voiced","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"387cd6f5-748c-4fba-a276-a40e925d50ef","word":"orange","definition":"A citrus fruit with a bright orange-colored rind, or the color of this fruit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"naranja","language_family":"other","root":"nārañja","root_meaning":"orange fruit","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orange","meaning":"citrus fruit or its color","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"orange","meaning":"the fruit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"orenge","meaning":"orange fruit","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"naranja","meaning":"orange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nārañja","meaning":"orange fruit","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orangery","orangish","bitter orange","sweet orange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"citrus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"4f8631a1-2890-4631-a556-42cd048aca7d","word":"orb","definition":"A sphere or globe, especially a poetic or elevated word for a celestial body or the earth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orbe","language_family":"latin","root":"orbis","root_meaning":"circle, disk, ring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orb","meaning":"a sphere or globe","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French orbe","meaning":"orb; globe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin orbis","meaning":"circle; disk; ring; orbit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orbed","orbital","orbiter","orbicular","orbit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sphere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"globe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ball","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"2917bf23-1814-4a94-8035-4614e809edc9","word":"orbit","definition":"The curved path, usually elliptical, described by a celestial body, satellite, or spacecraft around a central body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"órbita","language_family":"latin","root":"orbita","root_meaning":"track, rut, wheel-track","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orbit","meaning":"curved path","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orbita","meaning":"track, rut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orb","orbital","exorbitant","orbicular"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trajectory","formality":"technical"},{"word":"circuit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"450f88e5-5e02-422a-9968-a5960be46385","word":"orchestra","definition":"A group of instrumentalists, especially one combining string, woodwind, brass, and percussion sections.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orquesta","language_family":"greek","root":"orkhestra","root_meaning":"space for the chorus in Greek theater","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orchestra","meaning":"group of musicians","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orchestra","meaning":"space for dancers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orkhestra","meaning":"space for the chorus","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orchestrate","orchestration","choreography","chorus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ensemble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"philharmonic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"7bf6649b-9699-4d71-b582-8d6d01d8f0b0","word":"orchestral","definition":"Relating to an orchestra or to music performed by one.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"orquestal","language_family":"greek","root":"ὀρχήστρα","root_meaning":"dancing place; orchestra","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orchestral","meaning":"relating to an orchestra","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"orchestra","meaning":"a group of musicians or the area in front of a stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orchestra","meaning":"the space before the stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὀρχήστρα","meaning":"dancing place; the area before the stage","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-al","meaning":"suffix meaning 'pertaining to'","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orchestra","orchestrate","orchestrated","orchestric","orchestrally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"symphonic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instrumental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orchestric","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"e645d295-93ed-40c1-9bfa-728cdbfd30b9","word":"orchid","definition":"A flowering plant in the orchid family, often prized for its showy blossoms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orquídea","language_family":"greek","root":"orkhis","root_meaning":"testicle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h(o)rghi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orchid","meaning":"a flowering plant in the orchid family","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Orchideae","meaning":"the orchid family name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orchis","meaning":"a kind of orchid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orkhis","meaning":"orchid; literally, testicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h(o)rghi-","meaning":"testicle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orchis","orchidaceous","orchidectomy","orchidologist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orchis","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"orchidaceous plant","formality":"technical"},{"word":"orchid flower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"80ea6bd5-01cb-4df5-9741-a2003d7a3e12","word":"ordeal","definition":"Ordeal is a severe trial, test, or painful experience, originally a judicial test in older Germanic law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ordalía","language_family":"germanic","root":"*uzdailam","root_meaning":"judgment, that which is dealt out","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ordeal","meaning":"a severe trial or painful experience","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ordāl","meaning":"judgment, trial by test","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*uzdailam","meaning":"judgment, that which is dealt out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deal","dole","dole out","dealt","dealing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"test","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tribulation","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"32d27354-122e-4475-8ae0-dd918b3cfe25","word":"order","definition":"A sequence or arrangement, or a command or instruction to be followed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orden","language_family":"latin","root":"ordo","root_meaning":"row, line, arrangement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"order","meaning":"sequence or command","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ordre","meaning":"order, arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordo","meaning":"row, line, arrangement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orderly","ordinary","ordering","disorder","subordinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sequence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"command","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instruction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"9a8f691a-d801-4c1d-b056-964addc3724d","word":"ordering","definition":"The action of arranging or putting something in a sequence or hierarchy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"ordo","root_meaning":"row, series, order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ordering","meaning":"arrangement or sequencing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"order","meaning":"sequence, rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordo","meaning":"row, series, order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","orderly","ordinance","ordinary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sequencing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"classification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"d9dae9a6-e06e-4ccf-bf59-7e6a690b3b6e","word":"orderly","definition":"Neat, methodical, or well arranged.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"orden","language_family":"latin","root":"ordo","root_meaning":"row, line, rank; arrangement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orderly","meaning":"Neat, methodical, or well arranged.","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"order","meaning":"rank, rule, arrangement","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ordre","meaning":"position, rule, religious order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordo","meaning":"row, line, rank, arrangement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","orderliness","disorderly","misorder","reorder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tidy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"methodical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systematic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"9091e300-a1ff-4b2d-b6ee-58c3aad6b4d4","word":"orders","definition":"Plural of order; commands or instructions, or requests for goods or services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"órdenes","language_family":"latin","root":"ordine","root_meaning":"arrangement, rank, order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orders","meaning":"commands or requests","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"order","meaning":"arrangement, command","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ordre","meaning":"arrangement, rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordine","meaning":"row, rank, arrangement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","orderly","ordinance","coordinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commands","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instructions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"requests","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"363564d9-6328-426b-a07f-334358ec7f59","word":"ordinance","definition":"An authoritative order; a decree.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ordenanza","language_family":"latin","root":"ordinare","root_meaning":"to arrange, order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ordinance","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th Century","word":"ordenance","meaning":"arrangement, command","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"ordinantia","meaning":"order, decree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordinare","meaning":"to arrange, order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","ordain","ordinary","coordinate","suborn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decree","formality":"formal"},{"word":"statute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regulation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mandate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"b80cc410-640e-4444-bab9-c7d0198bcbb2","word":"ordinary","definition":"With no special or distinctive features; normal.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ordinario","language_family":"latin","root":"ordinarius","root_meaning":"according to order, regular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ordinary","meaning":"normal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ordinaire","meaning":"regular, usual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordinarius","meaning":"according to order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ordo","meaning":"order, row","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*h₂er-","meaning":"to fit together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["order","ordinal","ordinance","subordinate","extraordinary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"beb1f848-d895-4e69-8380-975dac76d308","word":"ore","definition":"A rock or mineral from which a useful metal or other valuable substance can be extracted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English ōra / ār","root_meaning":"ore, unwrought metal / brass, copper, bronze","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ore","meaning":"a rock or mineral from which a valuable substance can be extracted","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English or, oor","meaning":"ore; a blend of older Germanic words","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English ōra","meaning":"ore, unwrought metal","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English ār","meaning":"brass, copper, bronze","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orebody","ore-bearing","ore dressing","ore car"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mineral","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lode","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deposit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"63a55087-dc0a-4e7e-8ce1-d7db236c98a5","word":"oregon","definition":"A state in the northwestern United States, or the river on its border.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"unknown origin","root_meaning":"possibly from French or Native American language","root_language":"disputed","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Oregon","meaning":"northwestern US state","children":[{"era":"1770s","word":"Oregon","meaning":"the name applied to the Columbia River region","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"origin uncertain","meaning":"possibly from French Ouragon or indigenous languages","children":[],"language":"disputed"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Oregonian","Oregon Coast","Columbia River"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Beaver State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"b58d1ade-af90-4475-9dc2-8adacb01d063","word":"organ","definition":"A part of the body that has a particular function; a musical instrument.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"órgano","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"instrument, tool","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"órganon (ὄργανον)","meaning":"An instrument, tool, organ of the body. From ergon (work).","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"organ","meaning":"A body part or musical instrument.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"órgano","meaning":"Organ.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["organic","organism","organize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instrument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"body part","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"abd23b85-12a1-4244-98f9-d836f057068f","word":"organic","definition":"Relating to or derived from living matter; produced without artificial chemicals.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"orgánico","language_family":"greek","root":"organikon","root_meaning":"of an organ","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*organon","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organic","meaning":"relating to living matter","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"organique","meaning":"organic","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"organicum","meaning":"organic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organikon","meaning":"of an organ","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organ","organism","organization","inorganic","organize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"natural","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"biological","formality":"technical"},{"word":"living","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holistic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"804f0f6b-11b3-45ba-93a7-d00337313081","word":"organisation","definition":"A systematic arrangement or structure; an organized body of people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"organización","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"tool, instrument","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organisation","meaning":"A systematic arrangement or structure.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"organization","meaning":"arrangement of parts","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"organiser","meaning":"to arrange, constitute","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"organisare","meaning":"to furnish with organs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organum","meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organon","meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organic","organ","organize","organism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"body","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"1e94fefc-85f2-40b2-97f7-083c5dd96880","word":"organise","definition":"To arrange or put into an order; to make ready for use or action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"organizar","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"instrument, tool","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organise","meaning":"To arrange or put into an order; to make ready for use or action.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"organiser","meaning":"to arrange, to make ready","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organum","meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organon","meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organization","organism","organic","organ"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coordinate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systematize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"17eaabbd-3842-4cd4-8b2c-2003720070e3","word":"organism","definition":"An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"organismo","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organism","meaning":"A living entity","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"organisme","meaning":"structure of an organ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organum","meaning":"instrument, tool","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organon","meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organ","organic","organization","reorganize","inorganic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"being","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lifeform","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"09ca1b1c-0662-4f1d-9102-3893b57a8ed6","word":"organization","definition":"A structured group of people with a common purpose or a system arranged in a methodical way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"organización","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"tool, instrument","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organization","meaning":"structured group or systematic arrangement","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"organize","meaning":"to arrange systematically","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"organiser","meaning":"to arrange in parts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organon","meaning":"tool, instrument, organ","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ation","meaning":"noun suffix denoting action or result","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organize","organ","organic","organism","organized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"institution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"association","formality":"formal"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.701Z"}
{"id":"ffe041cc-cbb2-4f2c-aa15-1abcd3012cbb","word":"organizations","definition":"Structured groups of people united by a common purpose, function, or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"organizaciones","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"tool, instrument, bodily organ","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organizations","meaning":"structured groups","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"organization","meaning":"structured group","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"organize","meaning":"to arrange, to systematize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organon","meaning":"tool, instrument","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organize","organized","organizer","organ","organic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"institutions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bodies","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"84ef3166-b740-425a-9933-bcc35f19cf5d","word":"organize","definition":"Arrange into a structured whole; order.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"organizar","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organize","meaning":"Arrange into a structured whole; order.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"organiser","meaning":"to construct, arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organum","meaning":"instrument, organ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organon","meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*werg-","meaning":"to do, to work","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organization","organ","organic","disorganize","organism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systematize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coordinate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"86daf946-cd44-4272-8356-1fed6a495034","word":"organizer","definition":"A person or thing that arranges or plans an event or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"organizador","language_family":"greek","root":"organon","root_meaning":"instrument, tool","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"organizer","meaning":"one who organizes","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"organize","meaning":"to form into an organ","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"organiser","meaning":"to arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organum","meaning":"instrument, tool, organ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organon","meaning":"instrument, tool","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["organ","organic","organization","reorganize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"planner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coordinator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arranger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"e4891f23-b3b0-40a6-96e4-8cc4b9cf3117","word":"orgasm","definition":"A climax of sexual excitement, characterized by rhythmic contractions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orgasmo","language_family":"greek","root":"orgasmos","root_meaning":"swelling, excitement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orgasm","meaning":"sexual climax","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orgasmos","meaning":"swelling, excitement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"organ","meaning":"to swell, to be lustful","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frantic","liturgy","energy","organize","ergonomics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"climax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rapture","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"16430791-5dae-4a45-8866-c3ea05e38bf5","word":"orgy","definition":"An orgy is a wild, uncontrolled gathering, originally a secret religious rite.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orgia","language_family":"greek","root":"orgia","root_meaning":"secret rites, sacred ceremonies","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orgy","meaning":"wild or licentious revelry; originally a sacred rite","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"orgie","meaning":"ritual celebration; revel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orgia","meaning":"secret religious rites","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orgiastic","orgiast","orgiastically","orgies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bacchanal","formality":"literary"},{"word":"revel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spree","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"c21213ff-0335-4050-9ea8-2bd1a41e524d","word":"orient","definition":"To align or position something in relation to something else.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"orientar","language_family":"latin","root":"oriens","root_meaning":"rising sun, east","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orient","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"orienter","meaning":"to set towards the east","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orientem","meaning":"accusative of oriens (rising sun, east)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oriri","meaning":"to rise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orientation","oriental","origin","east"],"synonyms":[{"word":"align","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"f1f27a9f-976b-4c1d-9044-2f03940acce3","word":"oriental","definition":"Of, from, or characteristic of Asia, especially East Asia.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"oriental","language_family":"latin","root":"orientalis","root_meaning":"eastern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oriental","meaning":"Of, from, or characteristic of Asia, especially East Asia.","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"orientalis","meaning":"eastern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oriens","meaning":"east, rising sun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oriri","meaning":"to rise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orient","orientation","original","origin","abort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eastern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"asiatic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"e70888a6-5cac-4a30-a4a8-a70de15d5fec","word":"orientation","definition":"The determination of the relative position of something or someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orientación","language_family":"latin","root":"oriens","root_meaning":"rising, east","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orientation","meaning":"Determination of position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"orientatio","meaning":"a turning toward the east","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oriens","meaning":"rising","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orient","oriental","origin","abort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alignment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positioning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perspective","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"6e5b7bcf-ac38-496f-8fa1-80781b89f094","word":"origin","definition":"The point or place where something comes into being or is derived from.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"origen","language_family":"latin","root":"origo","root_meaning":"beginning, source, birth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*or-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"origin","meaning":"point of derivation or beginning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"origin","meaning":"beginning, source","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"origo","meaning":"birth, beginning, source","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*or-","meaning":"to rise, begin","children":[],"language":"Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["originate","original","originary","aboriginal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beginning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genesis","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"e322a7e7-2652-4ee0-ba0a-0b375957ffe4","word":"original","definition":"Existing or occurring first; not a copy, imitation, or derived form.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"original","language_family":"latin","root":"origo","root_meaning":"origin, beginning, source","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*or-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"original","meaning":"first, not copied","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"original","meaning":"first in origin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"originalis","meaning":"original","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"originalis","meaning":"original, first","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"origo","meaning":"origin, beginning","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["origin","originate","originality","originally","originator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"first","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authentic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"genuine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primitive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b7a650ea-4b1d-4027-8a08-735e909bff4b","word":"originally","definition":"In the beginning; from the start or earliest time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"originalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"originalis","root_meaning":"relating to an origin","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"originally","meaning":"at the beginning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"originally","meaning":"in the beginning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"original","meaning":"first, from the origin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"originalis","meaning":"of or from origin","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["origin","original","originate","originator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"initially","formality":"formal"},{"word":"first","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initially","formality":"formal"},{"word":"at first","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"4a34a8a5-1687-4703-aafe-18457a709193","word":"orlando","definition":"A city in central Florida, United States, or a proper name of Germanic origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Orlando","root_meaning":"famous land or renowned warrior","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*hrōd- (famous) + *land (land)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Orlando","meaning":"proper name; city in Florida","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Orlando","meaning":"famous land, renowned warrior","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Roland","meaning":"hrōd (famous) + land (land)","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Spanish/Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Roland","Orlando Furioso"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Florida city","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"1d7a4070-c321-4520-a5cd-44ba0cc68e69","word":"orphan","definition":"A child whose parents are deceased.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"huérfano","language_family":"greek","root":"orphanos","root_meaning":"bereft of parents, fatherless","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃erbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orphan","meaning":"A child whose parents are deceased.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"orphan","meaning":"orphan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orphan","meaning":"orphaned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"orphanos","meaning":"bereft of parents","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orphanage","orphaned","orphanhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"waif","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foundling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parentless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"8740de8f-3472-4bfb-8512-b13d5b86c1aa","word":"orphanage","definition":"A residential institution for the care and education of orphans.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orfanato","language_family":"greek","root":"orphanos","root_meaning":"bereaved, orphaned","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"orphanage","meaning":"institution for orphans","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"orphan","meaning":"child without parents","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"orphanos","meaning":"bereaved, orphaned","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["orphan","orphaned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"children's home","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foundling hospital","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"institution","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"bf472308-3242-4910-9800-fba41c231514","word":"orthodox","definition":"Conforming to traditional or generally accepted beliefs or practices.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ortodoxo","language_family":"greek","root":"orthodoxos","root_meaning":"having the right opinion","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 AD","word":"orthódoxos (ὀρθόδοξος)","meaning":"Having the right opinion. From orthos (right, correct) + doxa (opinion, belief).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"orthodox","meaning":"Conforming to established beliefs.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"ortodoxo","meaning":"Orthodox.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["orthodoxy","unorthodox","orthopedic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traditional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conventional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mainstream","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"24e6c59d-053f-4e30-813c-8a32b1906b40","word":"other","definition":"Different from the person, thing, or group already mentioned or known.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"otro","language_family":"germanic","root":"othre","root_meaning":"other","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*antero-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"other","meaning":"different or additional","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"othre","meaning":"other","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*antero-","meaning":"other or second","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["otherwise","another","others","otherness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"different","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alternative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"f8bfee7d-5647-4351-8cd0-58f868fee150","word":"others","definition":"Different people or things; the remaining ones in a group.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":"otros","language_family":"germanic","root":"other","root_meaning":"different, second of two","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*antheraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"others","meaning":"different people or things","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"other","meaning":"different, second of two","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["other","otherness","otherwise","other-worldly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"different ones","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the rest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remaining","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the remainder","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"8c5109e0-ff4f-4f34-af82-fba4aa56d07b","word":"otherwise","definition":"In other respects; if not; in different circumstances.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"other + wise","root_meaning":"in other manner; differently","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"otherwise","meaning":"in other respects; in different manner","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"otherwisen","meaning":"in other manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"other + wise","meaning":"other manner","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["other","otherwise-minded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"else","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"differently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in another way","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"f0982118-e722-4f56-9060-b2f2f59aef69","word":"ouch","definition":"An exclamation of sudden pain or dismay.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ouch","root_meaning":"sound of pain","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ouch","meaning":"An exclamation of sudden pain or dismay.","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ow","agh","ugh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yeow","formality":"informal"},{"word":"yikes","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"5b7c3435-8751-4bb5-967e-e004f97fb695","word":"ought","definition":"Used to express duty, advisability, or strong probability.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"āhte","root_meaning":"owned, owed, had to pay","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aigana","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ought","meaning":"duty, advisability","children":[{"era":"1100-1500","word":"oughte","meaning":"owed, was bound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"āhte","meaning":"owed, possessed","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*aiganą","meaning":"to possess","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["owe","own","own (verb)","agent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"should","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"must","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supposed to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"4d20bad6-4d98-44b6-ab43-457dd3c2333f","word":"ounce","definition":"A unit of weight equal to one sixteenth of a pound avoirdupois, or a unit of fluid volume.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"onza","language_family":"latin","root":"uncia","root_meaning":"a twelfth part, an inch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oyn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ounce","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"once","meaning":"ounce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uncia","meaning":"a twelfth part, inch, ounce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inch","unicorn","unit","union"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weight unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fluid ounce","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"ab298d42-9552-49cc-96ca-ca57cabc5ef6","word":"our","definition":"Belonging to or associated with the speaker and one or more other people.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ure","root_meaning":"we, us","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"our","meaning":"possessive pronoun of we","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ure","meaning":"of us","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*wes-","meaning":"we, us","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ours","we","us","ourselves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ours","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"b32e5d0c-4c67-45af-9931-822af9dad903","word":"ours","definition":"Belonging to us.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":"nuestros","language_family":"latin","root":"noster","root_meaning":"our","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*nes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ours","meaning":"belonging to us","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"oure","meaning":"our, of us","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nostre","meaning":"our","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"noster","meaning":"our","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["our","us","we"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belonging to us","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"our own","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"733e3650-ae12-4cfc-a3b2-48224ea1630f","word":"ourselves","definition":"The reflexive pronoun corresponding to 'we', used to refer to the group including the speaker as the object of an action they perform.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ourselves","meaning":"reflexive form of 'we'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"our","meaning":"of us","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūre","meaning":"of us","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"selves","meaning":"plural of self","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"one's own person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*selƀaz","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["us","we","self","myself","yourself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"us","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"our own persons","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"3a6b0c34-8325-4a1c-a45c-45cfb409a612","word":"out","definition":"Away from or outside a place, position, or condition.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ūt","root_meaning":"out, outside","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"out","meaning":"away from or outside a place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūt","meaning":"out, outside","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*ud-","meaning":"up, out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outer","outward","outstanding","outbreak","outline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forth","formality":"literary"},{"word":"away","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"a747484e-1049-4718-a3f5-8e120bf950c9","word":"outbreak","definition":"A sudden start or surge of disease, violence, or other unwanted activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"brecan","root_meaning":"to break","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outbreak","meaning":"a sudden beginning or eruption","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"out + break","meaning":"literally 'breaking out'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"brecan","meaning":"to break","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*bʰreg-","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["break","breakout","breaking","breaker","breakage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eruption","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flare-up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"onset","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"a5d5a306-fdc8-4a58-acfd-ee9cc1f65110","word":"outcome","definition":"The way a thing turns out; a consequence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ūt + cuman","root_meaning":"out + to come","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ut + *gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outcome","meaning":"a result or consequence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"outcome","meaning":"a coming out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūt","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cuman","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["income","overcome","coming","outgoing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"result","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aftermath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"bf00f4f0-a684-478a-a0a5-4a31b1fb9efd","word":"outdoor","definition":"Relating to, located in, or done outside a building; exterior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out + door","root_meaning":"outside the door","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outdoor","meaning":"relating to the outside","children":[{"era":"current","word":"out + door","meaning":"outside the door","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ut + duru","meaning":"out; door","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outdoors","outside","exterior"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exterior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"open-air","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"6706bf15-a1a1-44f4-87df-5e46fd1b71a6","word":"outdoors","definition":"In or into the open air outside of buildings.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out + doors","root_meaning":"outside the door","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outdoors","meaning":"in or into the open air","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"outside","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"doors","meaning":"plural of door","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outdoor","indoors","outside","door","outward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in the open air","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"al fresco","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"fc56e981-ec2e-45fc-860c-f47098312bef","word":"outfit","definition":"A set of clothes worn together, or a set of equipment for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ut, fitten","root_meaning":"forth, to arrange","root_language":"Old English, Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100, 1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outfit","meaning":"set of clothes or equipment","children":[{"era":"current","word":"out","meaning":"external, forth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ut","meaning":"out, forth","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ud-","meaning":"up, out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"fit","meaning":"to be suitable, to equip","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"fitten","meaning":"to arrange, prepare","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outfitting","fitter","fitting","outgrowth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ensemble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gear","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"48897b67-8f3f-455f-b631-b0997ef2c186","word":"outgo","definition":"Money spent or outlay, especially as a regular expense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English gān","root_meaning":"to go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outgo","meaning":"money spent; outlay","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"out, outward","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"go","meaning":"to go","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gān","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outgoing","outgoer","outgoings","go","out"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expenditure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outlay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"05d22f02-5f5f-4794-817b-d3d608a13b96","word":"outlaw","definition":"A person outside legal protection, especially one declared a criminal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ūtlaga","root_meaning":"one outside the law","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outlaw","meaning":"a person outside the law","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūtlaga","meaning":"one outside the law","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūt + lagu","meaning":"\"out\" + \"law\"","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outlawed","outlawry","outlawing","lawless","lawful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fugitive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"criminal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renegade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desperado","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"83b927bd-a883-4c78-9bbf-5fcc0a9e5558","word":"outlet","definition":"A channel or means of egress; a market for goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ut- + -let","root_meaning":"out + small opening","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outlet","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"let","meaning":"to allow, permit, leave","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["let","outletting","outgo","outpour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"channel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"market","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"1c5337da-fc69-4de1-9bdf-bbe15c3f3d28","word":"outlook","definition":"A person's general attitude to life or a particular matter; a view or prospect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out + look","root_meaning":"forth + to see","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ūt","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Outlook","meaning":"attitude/view","children":[{"era":"current","word":"out-","meaning":"outward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ut","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English prefix"},{"era":"current","word":"look","meaning":"to see","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"locian","meaning":"to look","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["look","lookout","outgoing","overlook","outward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perspective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viewpoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attitude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"b1e19deb-a3b9-4ce4-bfca-1dac4da043fc","word":"outpost","definition":"A remote military station or forward position beyond the main line.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outpost","meaning":"a remote military station or forward position","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out-","meaning":"outside; beyond; away","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"16th c.","word":"post","meaning":"a station, fixed position, or military post","children":[{"era":"16th c.","word":"poste","meaning":"a position or station","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"posto","meaning":"a post or station","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"positum","meaning":"placed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["out","post","posts","posting","outposted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"checkpoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"station","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"4a2fdddd-7e31-43bb-9889-c60b19095350","word":"output","definition":"The amount of something produced or generated by a system or process.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out + put","root_meaning":"put out, produce","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"output","meaning":"production result","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"away from","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"put","meaning":"to place, thrust","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["put","input","output-device","outpour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"production","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"result","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"3c541bea-c9c7-4247-8f0b-2dd4008edb45","word":"outreach","definition":"The activity or process of supplying services or information to people who might not otherwise have access to them.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out + reach","root_meaning":"away from + to stretch","root_language":"Old English/Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud- + *reig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outreach","meaning":"community engagement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"away from","children":[],"language":"Old English (ut)"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reach","meaning":"to stretch, extend","children":[],"language":"Old English (ræcan)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reach","out","far-reaching","extend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"community engagement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extension","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assistance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"d75a5d89-721b-4ffe-91e0-adbe8386f372","word":"outrun","definition":"To run faster than someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rinnaną","root_meaning":"to run, flow","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outrun","meaning":"to run faster than someone or something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out-","meaning":"beyond, more than, outside","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"run","meaning":"to move swiftly on foot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rinnaną","meaning":"to run, flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["run","runner","running","outrunner","outrunning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outrace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outpace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"21df2c2b-a3c4-4027-a9d3-53b3b9e8a710","word":"outside","definition":"On or near the exterior surface; not inside.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out + side","root_meaning":"exterior + surface","root_language":"English compound","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outside","meaning":"on the exterior","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"outside","meaning":"outer side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"external","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outside","outward","outer","exterior"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exterior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outdoors","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.102Z"}
{"id":"779da35c-53c5-4cf1-a146-1a1f1f813e53","word":"outsider","definition":"A person who does not belong to a particular group or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out, side","root_meaning":"external, edge/position","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outsider","meaning":"one not belonging to a group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"external","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"edge, position","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["inside","outside","bystander"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stranger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alien","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foreigner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"82d56f62-123e-45d3-8f65-3b5dc392f7bb","word":"outskirt","definition":"The outer edge or fringe of a place, especially a town or city.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outskirt","meaning":"the outer edge or fringe of a place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"outside; away from the center","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"skirt","meaning":"edge or border","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outskirts","outskirt","skirt","skirting","outlying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fringe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"periphery","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boundary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"0845ebed-b1b6-4604-b8da-e6635ef941bd","word":"outstanding","definition":"Exceptionally good; clearly noticeable; not yet paid, settled, or done.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"out + stand","root_meaning":"standing out, prominent","root_language":"English compound","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*ūt","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"outstanding","meaning":"exceptionally good or unpaid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out-","meaning":"out, beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English (prefix)"},{"era":"current","word":"standing","meaning":"remaining erect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stand","meaning":"to stand, to remain","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"standan","meaning":"to stand","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*stā-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English (present participle)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stand","understand","withstand","outlier","status"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unpaid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prominent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"97b7d84d-53c1-46a5-a03a-58067828fe22","word":"oval","definition":"Having the shape of a longitudinally symmetrical closed curve, like an egg.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"oval","language_family":"latin","root":"ovum","root_meaning":"egg","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂ewi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oval","meaning":"Egg-shaped","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ovale","meaning":"oval","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ovum","meaning":"egg","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ovum","ovary","ovule","oology","oviparous","ooid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"egg-shaped","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elliptical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ovoid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"b5e3eb0a-dd60-44c6-94e6-f469034dcccd","word":"oven","definition":"An enclosed compartment, usually part of a cooker, for cooking and heating food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofen","root_meaning":"oven","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ukhwnos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oven","meaning":"a cooking appliance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofen","meaning":"oven","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*ukhwnos","meaning":null,"children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stove","kiln","furnace","hearth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cooker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"376b0634-e3f4-47c8-bbd6-a185ace8f257","word":"over","definition":"Above, across, or on top of something; finished or completed.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English ofer","root_meaning":"over, above, across","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"over","meaning":"above, across, finished","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer","meaning":"over, above","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*uper-","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["overflow","overcome","overlay","oversee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"above","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"across","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beyond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"54a39c31-bf59-4039-a23f-4e646d22067f","word":"overall","definition":"Taking everything into account; a loose-fitting garment worn over clothes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"over","root_meaning":"above, beyond","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overall","meaning":"taking all into account; protective garment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*uper","meaning":"above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"all","meaning":"entirety","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["over","overalls","overall","overlook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"general","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comprehensive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"total","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"f03ca984-12da-466a-9a21-c6986ab1f73f","word":"overboard","definition":"From a ship or boat into the water.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"oferbord","root_meaning":"over the board/side","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overboard","meaning":"From a ship or boat into the water.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oferbord","meaning":"over the board/side","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["board","onboard","aboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"afloat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adrift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"febd61e4-acdd-4e35-9f16-ca0ccd80ade2","word":"overcome","definition":"To defeat or get the better of someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofercumen","root_meaning":"to come over, conquer","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper-, *gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overcome","meaning":"to defeat or get the better of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofercumen","meaning":"to come over, conquer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer","meaning":"over","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cumen","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["come","coming","outcome","income"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conquer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defeat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vanquish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subdue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"01cda6db-e10b-4f08-9a52-2622bde52eb7","word":"overdo","definition":"To overdo something is to do it in excess or beyond what is appropriate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English oferdōn","root_meaning":"do excessively","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overdo","meaning":"to do too much or beyond what is appropriate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer","meaning":"over, beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dōn","meaning":"to do, make","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to put, place, do, make","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["do","done","doing","overdone","overdoing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exaggerate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overstate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excessively perform","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"b207c265-4d81-4a57-b107-7ddf98552c76","word":"overdose","definition":"An excessive and dangerous dose of a drug.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sobredosis","language_family":"other","root":"ofer, dosis","root_meaning":"above/beyond, a giving/portion","root_language":"Old English, Greek","root_era":"pre-1100, classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overdose","meaning":"excessive dose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over-","meaning":"above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"dose","meaning":"prescribed quantity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dosis","meaning":"a giving, a portion","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["dose","dosing","over","overuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excess","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surfeit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overconsumption","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"c3b1e150-2a94-41fd-ac48-dc3d67a60474","word":"overhead","definition":"Above the head; in the air above.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"oferheafod","root_meaning":"over head","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overhead","meaning":"Above the head; in the air above","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oferheafod","meaning":"over head","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer","meaning":"over","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heafod","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["over","head","overhang","overhear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aloft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"above","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"airborne","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"b6182767-09df-4ad7-a28a-b491195afbe1","word":"overhear","definition":"To hear (a conversation or remark) without the speaker's knowledge or intention.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofer (Old English) + hieran (Old English)","root_meaning":"above/beyond + to perceive sound","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper, *h₂ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overhear","meaning":"To hear without intent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above, across","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ubar","meaning":"over","children":[{"era":"5000-2500 BCE","word":"*uper","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hear","meaning":"to perceive sound","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hauzijaną","meaning":"to hear","children":[{"era":"5000-2500 BCE","word":"*h₂ker-","meaning":"to hear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hear","heard","listener","eavesdrop","listen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eavesdrop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catch","formality":"informal"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"d63d21f6-3006-4e55-b088-a412a0b85459","word":"overlap","definition":"Extend over so as to cover partly; coincide in part.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofer + lappe","root_meaning":"over + fold/skirt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper, *lap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overlap","meaning":"extend over partly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over-","meaning":"above, across","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lap","meaning":"fold, skirt","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lapping","overlapped","overlie","superimpose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coincide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"a8bfe8f4-fecc-4c0d-a03b-23325782a659","word":"overload","definition":"To load or burden something too heavily, or with more than it can handle.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English lādian","root_meaning":"to carry; to load","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overload","meaning":"to load or burden something too heavily, or with more than it can handle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over-","meaning":"above; too much; excessively","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"load","meaning":"to carry; a burden or cargo","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lādian","meaning":"to carry; to convey","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["load","overloaded","overloading","overburden","overcharge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overburden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overtax","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overcharge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overextend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"63372581-3123-4619-bd46-a43391bb15e6","word":"overlook","definition":"To overlook is to fail to notice something or to look down on it from above.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"oferlocian","root_meaning":"to look over or above","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overlook","meaning":"to fail to notice or to look from above","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above, beyond, across","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"look","meaning":"to direct the eyes; to see","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["look","lookout","overlooking","overlooked","overseer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ignore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disregard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"neglect","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"a7133041-d795-4eee-a7a6-f6e994ab58f9","word":"overly","definition":"To an excessive degree.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofer","root_meaning":"over, beyond, above","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overly","meaning":"excessively","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above, beyond, excessively","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*uper-","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-līċ","meaning":"like, having the form of","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["over","overdo","overuse","overmuch","overly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excessively","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"too","formality":"informal"},{"word":"unduly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"36513e5f-357e-4212-a09d-19485bd23d5e","word":"overnight","definition":"For the duration of a night; during the night.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"oferniht","root_meaning":"during the night","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overnight","meaning":"during the night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oferniht","meaning":"during the night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer","meaning":"over","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"niht","meaning":"night","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["over","night","nightly","overture","knighthood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nocturnal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"suddenly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instantaneously","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"9e1bd005-46ee-4f72-abf3-fac361d24b91","word":"overreact","definition":"to react too strongly or more than the situation calls for.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overreact","meaning":"to react too strongly or more than the situation calls for.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over-","meaning":"beyond, excessively","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"react","meaning":"to act in response","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"act","meaning":"done; from agere 'to do, drive'","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["react","reaction","reactive","overreaction","reactionary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exaggerate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overdo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"overstate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overplay","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"a767e720-0639-4806-b1db-6b6d1165651e","word":"override","definition":"To override is to set aside, overrule, or take priority over something else.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rīdan","root_meaning":"to ride","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"override","meaning":"to overrule or take priority over something else","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over-","meaning":"over, above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"ride","meaning":"to travel on horseback or move along","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rīdan","meaning":"to ride","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["overrode","overridden","overriding","overrule","overran","ride"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supersede","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overrule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"countermand","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trump","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"ac1baf38-ec12-44e3-9793-190569da65cf","word":"overrun","definition":"To spread over, flood, or occupy an area excessively.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*rinnaną","root_meaning":"to run","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃reyH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overrun","meaning":"to spread over, flood, or occupy an area excessively","children":[{"era":"current","word":"over-","meaning":"excessively; beyond","children":[],"language":"Modern English prefix"},{"era":"current","word":"run","meaning":"to move quickly on foot; to flow or extend","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"runnen / rinnen","meaning":"to run","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rinnan / iernan","meaning":"to run","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rinna","meaning":"to run","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rinnaną","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["run","running","overrunning","overran","overrun"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overwhelm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swamp","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"d5d2b372-102b-40ca-b339-0150bd1a89dc","word":"overseas","definition":"Across the sea; in or to a foreign country.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofer + sæ","root_meaning":"across + sea","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uberi + *saiwiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overseas","meaning":"Across the sea","children":[{"era":"current","word":"over","meaning":"above, across","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer","meaning":"across","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*uberi","meaning":"over","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"sea","meaning":"large body of salt water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sæ","meaning":"sea","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*saiwiz","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["overboard","overland","seascape","seaborne"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abroad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"internationally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foreign","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"82337c40-f705-46b5-b3e3-f089f676e751","word":"oversee","definition":"To watch over and direct the work or performance of others; to supervise.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"oferseon","root_meaning":"to look over, to survey from above","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oversee","meaning":"to supervise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"oferseon","meaning":"to look over, overlook, survey","children":[{"era":"pre-700","word":"ofer + seon","meaning":"over + to see","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*uper + *sekʷ-","meaning":"over + to see, observe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["overseer","oversight","overlook","supervise","survey","foreman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supervise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superintend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watch over","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"e734fd93-31c4-4e87-adaa-5d8668e85143","word":"oversight","definition":"The act of supervising, or an accidental omission or mistake.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"over- + sight","root_meaning":"over + seeing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oversight","meaning":"supervision or an unintentional omission","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over-","meaning":"over; above","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sight","meaning":"the act of seeing or perception","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"see","meaning":"to perceive with the eyes","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oversee","overseer","overlook","sight","sighted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supervision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"monitoring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"omission","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"767fe4cd-220b-4462-a811-2b9ab87a2701","word":"overthrow","definition":"To remove someone or something from power, control, or a stable position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overthrow","meaning":"to remove from power or force down","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over-","meaning":"over, beyond, on top of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"throw","meaning":"to cast or hurl; earlier 'to twist, turn'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þrawan","meaning":"to twist, turn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["throw","overthrown","overthrowing","overthrows","overthrower"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"topple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unseat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"b8a18317-b8c6-4cfa-9c52-11784197c0a6","word":"overtime","definition":"Time spent working beyond normal working hours.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofer- (over) + tima (time)","root_meaning":"beyond/above + duration","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper- (over) + *de- (to divide) -> *ti-men (slice, time)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overtime","meaning":"Time spent working beyond normal working hours.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"time","meaning":"duration, period","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["timely","timeless","overwork","overachieve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extra hours","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplementary hours","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crunch time","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"8f23ae0a-343b-4e42-baa4-d85768a78ff3","word":"overview","definition":"A general survey or summary of a subject, situation, or document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"over + view","root_meaning":"over + to see","root_language":"English compound","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*uper- and *weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"19th century","word":"overview","meaning":"general survey","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above, across","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"view","meaning":"to look at, examine","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"vue","meaning":"sight, view","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["over","view","survey","review"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"survey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"synopsis","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"75b0438d-8aaa-4f19-b8c9-6900ee78381b","word":"overweight","definition":"Exceeding the normal, desirable, or permitted weight; above a healthy or standard body mass.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofer + gewiht","root_meaning":"above + weight, heaviness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uper + *wegh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overweight","meaning":"above normal weight","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"over + weight","meaning":"exceeding normal weight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer","meaning":"above, beyond, over","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gewiht","meaning":"weight, heaviness","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wihti-","meaning":"weight, something weighed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weight","overweigh","underweight","heavyweight","weighty","outweigh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obese","formality":"technical"},{"word":"corpulent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heavy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"rotund","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"2969e712-a46b-479f-bb0c-a1c267b9ec09","word":"overwhelm","definition":"To bury or drown beneath a huge mass of something, or to defeat completely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ofer (over) + hwelfan (whelm)","root_meaning":"to cover over, overturn","root_language":"Old English / Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100 (over), 1200s (whelm)","proto_root":"*uper (over), *kʷel- (whelm)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"overwhelm","meaning":"to bury or defeat completely","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"over + whelmen","meaning":"to cover over, overturn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ofer + hwelfan","meaning":"over + to overturn/arch over","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*uper + *kʷel-","meaning":"over + turn, revolve","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whelm","overwhelming","overwhelmed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engulf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"submerge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deluge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"605afc5f-2bb3-4e37-b2d4-fc93a2b2744c","word":"owe","definition":"To be under an obligation to pay or repay (money, goods, or services) in return for something received.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"āgan","root_meaning":"to possess, have","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"owe","meaning":"to be obliged to pay","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"owen","meaning":"to possess, to have, to be obliged","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"āgan","meaning":"to possess, have","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*aiganą","meaning":"to own, possess","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["own","ought","agent","have"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indebted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"a12935ed-bfe0-4739-b6ee-f788d44747fd","word":"owl","definition":"A nocturnal bird of prey with large eyes, a flat face, and a hooked beak.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ūle","root_meaning":"owl (onomatopoeic)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uwwalōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"owl","meaning":"a nocturnal bird","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūle","meaning":"owl","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*uwwalōn-","meaning":"owl (imitative)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["owlet","screech-owl","barn owl","night-owl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hoot-owl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nightbird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"b45dcaa4-05f8-4da5-a2f8-22f4834a608e","word":"own","definition":"To possess or have as one's property.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"agan","root_meaning":"to own, possess","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"own","meaning":"to possess as property","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agen","meaning":"to possess, have","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*aik-","meaning":"to have, own","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["owner","ownership","owned","owning","disown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possess","formality":"formal"},{"word":"have","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hold","formality":"formal"},{"word":"claim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:11:37.411Z"}
{"id":"1abf18dd-2edd-45a8-b671-f579dc7d4be6","word":"owned","definition":"Possessed or had as one's own property; past tense of own.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"agan","root_meaning":"to possess, own","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"owned","meaning":"possessed as property","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"own","meaning":"to possess","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agan","meaning":"to possess, own","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["own","owner","ownership","disown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possessed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"held","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"had","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"925af52b-85bf-4938-bc30-2e30b0b8b406","word":"owner","definition":"A person who legally possesses or has title to something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dueño","language_family":"germanic","root":"own","root_meaning":"to possess, to acknowledge","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"owner","meaning":"one who possesses something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"own","meaning":"to possess, acknowledge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agen","meaning":"to own","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["own","owned","ownership","owning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proprietor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"possessor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"holder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"dbeeb9d4-309c-4c0c-84bb-914ebba82401","word":"owners","definition":"Persons who legally possess or have exclusive rights to something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ownos","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English agen","root_meaning":"to own, to possess","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"owners","meaning":"those who possess","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"owner","meaning":"one who owns","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agen","meaning":"to own, possess","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["owner","own","owned","ownership"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proprietors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"possessors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"landlords","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"d775df63-5392-4b93-aa8b-94953c27231f","word":"ownership","definition":"The state or fact of owning something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"agan","root_meaning":"to possess, to have","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*aigan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ownership","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ownere","meaning":"owner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"agan","meaning":"to possess","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*aigan","meaning":"to possess","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["own","owner","owned","owning","self-ownership"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possession","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proprietorship","formality":"formal"},{"word":"title","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"f7ee5f31-7ab0-4772-9f89-80e38337f6b5","word":"oxide","definition":"A binary compound of oxygen with another element or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"óxido","language_family":"greek","root":"oxys","root_meaning":"sharp, acid","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oxide","meaning":"A binary compound of oxygen...","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"oxide","meaning":"compound with oxygen","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"oxy-","meaning":"oxygen, acid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oxys","meaning":"sharp, acid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h₂eḱ-","meaning":"sharp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English (from Greek)"},{"era":"19th century","word":"-ide","meaning":"suffix for binary compounds","children":[],"language":"English (chemical suffix)"}],"language":"French (18th century coinage)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oxygen","acidic","oxidize","dioxide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compound","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mineral","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"949c4e08-21ed-46ae-9ade-25f9560704b4","word":"oxygen","definition":"A colorless, odorless gaseous element essential for respiration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oxígeno","language_family":"greek","root":"oxys + -genēs","root_meaning":"acid-producing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"oxýs (ὀξύς) + -genḗs (-γενής)","meaning":"Sharp, acid + producing. Coined by Lavoisier in 1779 from Greek elements (mistakenly believed all acids contained oxygen).","children":[{"era":"1790","word":"oxygen","meaning":"A gaseous element essential for life.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"oxígeno","meaning":"Oxygen.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["oxygenate","oxidize","oxide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"O2","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"air","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2cd514c6-c167-4076-a438-6810f430c055","word":"oyster","definition":"A marine bivalve mollusk with a rough shell, often eaten as food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ostra","language_family":"greek","root":"ὄστρεον","root_meaning":"oyster; shell","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"oyster","meaning":"a marine bivalve mollusk often eaten as food","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"oistre","meaning":"oyster","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"oistre","meaning":"oyster","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ostrea","meaning":"oyster","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ὄστρεον (ostreon)","meaning":"oyster; shell","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["oyster-shell","oysterman","oystercatcher","oysterfish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bivalve","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shellfish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mollusc","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"e24c1eee-d113-47ad-aecd-a90e67186e46","word":"ozone","definition":"A colorless unstable toxic gas with a pungent odor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ozono","language_family":"greek","root":"ozein","root_meaning":"to smell","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ozone","meaning":"A gas","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"Ozon","meaning":"name given to the gas","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ozein","meaning":"to smell","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["odor","olfactory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gas","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pollutant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smog","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"9ff67cf8-68bc-44ad-a958-7855894e842c","word":"pace","definition":"A single step taken in walking or running.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paso","language_family":"latin","root":"passus","root_meaning":"step","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pace","meaning":"A single step","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pas","meaning":"step","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passus","meaning":"step, stride","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pass","passage","pedestrian","surpass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"step","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stride","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gait","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"b42592dc-509f-4559-a674-d7a45730c280","word":"pacey","definition":"Characterized by a fast pace or brisk movement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"paso","language_family":"latin","root":"passus","root_meaning":"step, stride","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pacey","meaning":"characterized by a fast pace or brisk movement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pace + -y","meaning":"formed from pace plus the adjective suffix -y","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pace","meaning":"rate of movement; step","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passus","meaning":"step, stride","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pace","paced","pacing","pacer","outpace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brisk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lively","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"d6f2574d-b96e-4ea3-b55b-f1227c7cd84b","word":"pacific","definition":"Peaceful, calm, or non-aggressive; or relating to the Pacific Ocean.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pacífico","language_family":"latin","root":"pacificus","root_meaning":"peace-making","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pacific","meaning":"peaceful, calm","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pacific","meaning":"peaceful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacificus","meaning":"peace-making","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pax","meaning":"peace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peace","pacify","pacifist","pacification"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peaceful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peaceful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"b3e6dc26-5fff-4c47-ac68-77e098a7c16f","word":"pack","definition":"A bundle or collection of items fastened together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Old French pac","root_meaning":"bundle, agreement","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pack","meaning":"bundle or collection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pac","meaning":"bundle","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"paca","meaning":"bundle","children":[],"language":"Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["package","packing","packed","backpack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bundle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"batch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"bfe2bfc2-eb5c-41e2-9805-f98aa40ef82c","word":"package","definition":"A container or wrapping with something inside; a set of related items offered together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paquete","language_family":"french","root":"paquet","root_meaning":"small package","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"package","meaning":"wrapped container or bundle","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"package","meaning":"a bundle","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"paquet","meaning":"small bundle","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["packages","packaging","packaged","packager"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parcel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bundle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"box","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"8634eedc-2413-433e-a705-9b2d250a28dc","word":"packages","definition":"Plural of package; bundles of items wrapped or boxed for delivery or sale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paquetes","language_family":"germanic","root":"pack","root_meaning":"to bundle or compress","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"packages","meaning":"bundled items for delivery","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"package","meaning":"a wrapped bundle","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pack","meaning":"to bundle or compress","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["package","pack","packaging","parcel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parcels","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bundles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boxes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"82ac43c4-327c-4740-80f3-cacc001f89cd","word":"packet","definition":"A small package or bundle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paquete","language_family":"french","root":"paquet","root_meaning":"package, bundle","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"packet","meaning":"Small package","children":[{"era":"late 14th century","word":"pakette","meaning":"Small package","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"paquet","meaning":"Small pack","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pack","meaning":"bundle","children":[],"language":"Germanic (borrowed into French)"},{"era":"12th century","word":"-et","meaning":"diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pack","package","pact","packing","repack","packaging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bundle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parcel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"4eeef873-b638-4f5c-ab33-390a51db65c7","word":"pact","definition":"A formal agreement between individuals or parties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pacto","language_family":"latin","root":"pactum","root_meaning":"agreement, compact","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pact","meaning":"formal agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pactum","meaning":"agreement, compact","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*pag-","meaning":"to fasten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compact","impact","paginate","paction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treaty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covenant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"e3af3460-c044-4fee-b9fc-999e32afe24a","word":"pad","definition":"A thick piece of soft material, typically used to protect or absorb.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"padde","root_meaning":"a sole of a shoe, a soft cushion","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pada-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pad","meaning":"A thick piece of soft material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"padde","meaning":"sole of a shoe, soft cushion","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*paþa-","meaning":"path, sole","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["path","pat","paw","foot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cushion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"filler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"02c8ecb7-ce41-4277-b6d6-32daa197421e","word":"paddy","definition":"A field where rice is grown.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"padi","root_meaning":"rice in the straw, rice plant","root_language":"Malay","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paddy","meaning":"rice field","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"padi","meaning":"rice in the straw","children":[],"language":"Malay"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rice","field","farm","cultivate","agriculture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rice field","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rice paddy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cultivated land","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"bae065fe-e9ed-45e9-838e-132f5bd8da2d","word":"padre","definition":"A Catholic priest, especially one serving with the military.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"padre","language_family":"latin","root":"*ph₂tḗr","root_meaning":"father","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":null,"proto_root":"*ph₂tḗr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"padre","meaning":"A Catholic priest, especially one serving with the military.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"padre","meaning":"father; priest in some contexts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pater","meaning":"father","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*ph₂tḗr","meaning":"father","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian / Spanish / Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paternal","patriarch","paternoster","paternity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"priest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chaplain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clergyman","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"df5d6758-c665-4ae8-9f00-6b9afc0e20d2","word":"pagan","definition":"A pagan is a person who follows a pre-Christian or non-Abrahamic religion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pagano","language_family":"latin","root":"pagus","root_meaning":"district, village, rural area","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pagan","meaning":"person who follows a pre-Christian or non-Abrahamic religion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paganus","meaning":"rustic, civilian; later, pagan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pagus","meaning":"district, village, rural settlement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paganism","paganistic","paganish","pagans"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heathen","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"polytheist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"idolater","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"94ce1ec1-d4ff-4fff-a371-3ae33ff9caab","word":"page","definition":"A single side of a leaf of paper or parchment in a book or document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"página","language_family":"latin","root":"pagina","root_meaning":"page, strip of papyrus","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"page","meaning":"leaf of paper","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"page","meaning":"page","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pagina","meaning":"strip of papyrus, page","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paginate","pagination","paging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leaf","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sheet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"side","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"918fce47-2eb8-4d9c-a894-8ef7abc199a7","word":"pageant","definition":"An elaborate public spectacle or procession, often involving historical or mythological themes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"pagina","root_meaning":"leaf of paper, roll, column, page","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pageant","meaning":"An elaborate public spectacle","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pagent","meaning":"scene of a play, scaffold, platform","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pagina","meaning":"leaf of paper, roll, column, page","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["page","pagination","pagan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spectacle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extravaganza","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procession","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"e2142bb4-2d13-42cb-8044-7b9fbb20023e","word":"pages","definition":"Plural of page; sheets of paper in a book or document, or websites on the internet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"página","language_family":"latin","root":"pagina","root_meaning":"sheet of papyrus or parchment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pages","meaning":"plural sheets of paper or web pages","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"page","meaning":"sheet of parchment or paper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pagina","meaning":"sheet of papyrus","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pageant","pagination","pager","webpage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sheets","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leaves","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"folio","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"d414e46a-400e-4251-bf7e-718b634663d8","word":"paid","definition":"Past tense of pay; gave money in exchange for goods or services.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pay","root_meaning":"to satisfy a creditor","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paid","meaning":"past tense of pay","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pay","meaning":"to satisfy a debt","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"paier","meaning":"to pacify, appease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to make peace, appease","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pay","payment","payable","payee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"settled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remitted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discharged","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"7ceeb25c-5ad4-453c-b13a-5772b0c8649f","word":"pain","definition":"Physical suffering or discomfort caused by injury, illness, or other adverse condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pena","language_family":"latin","root":"poena","root_meaning":"penalty, punishment, suffering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pain","meaning":"physical suffering","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pain","meaning":"punishment, suffering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"penalty, punishment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pain","painful","painless","penance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ache","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffering","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discomfort","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"6a4886d0-e840-49e6-a427-50088176801d","word":"painkiller","definition":"A painkiller is a medicine or substance that reduces or removes pain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"painkiller","meaning":"a medicine or substance that reduces or removes pain","children":[{"era":"current","word":"pain","meaning":"physical suffering or bodily discomfort","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"kill","meaning":"to cause death or end life","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pain killers","painkillers","painkilling","pain-killer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"analgesic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pain reliever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pain medication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anodyne","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"95da5514-8392-46f9-aa6a-074ef95929b6","word":"painless","definition":"Free from pain or causing no pain.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"painless","meaning":"free from pain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pain","meaning":"suffering or physical hurt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"peine","meaning":"pain, punishment, suffering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"penalty, punishment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without; free from","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lēas","meaning":"devoid of, false, lacking","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pain","painful","painlessness","pain-free"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pain-free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ache-free","formality":"informal"},{"word":"unpainful","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"a82bdc74-c699-495e-8ada-056707482491","word":"paint","definition":"A colored substance which is spread over a surface to give it a color or to protect it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pintar","language_family":"latin","root":"pingere","root_meaning":"to paint, to embroider","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peyk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paint","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"peint","meaning":"painted (past participle)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"peindre","meaning":"to paint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pingere","meaning":"to paint, to embroider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["painter","painting","pigment","pictorial","depict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"color","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dye","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"9e926f8c-b100-4af6-ba60-4efde4a38104","word":"painter","definition":"An artist who paints pictures or a person whose job is painting walls or other surfaces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pintor","language_family":"french","root":"paintour","root_meaning":"painter","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ping-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"painter","meaning":"artist who paints","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paintour","meaning":"painter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pingere","meaning":"to paint, to embroider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paint","painting","pigment","depiction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"artist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decorator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limner","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"1c62fe01-e344-4212-98fc-7d486e5a7829","word":"pair","definition":"Two people or things together, or to join together in couples.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"par","language_family":"latin","root":"par","root_meaning":"equal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- (to go forward, to produce)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pair","meaning":"two things together","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paire","meaning":"equal or matched set of two","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"par","meaning":"equal, matching","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pear","parity","peer","repair"],"synonyms":[{"word":"couple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duo","formality":"formal"},{"word":"twosome","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"ef26b2e3-880b-4e98-824b-68c9c73d95a5","word":"pajama","definition":"A loose-fitting garment consisting of trousers and a jacket or shirt, worn for sleeping or lounging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pāy-jāma","root_meaning":"leg-garment","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"pre-17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pajama","meaning":"A loose-fitting garment worn for sleeping or lounging","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"pajama","meaning":"a type of loose trousers","children":[{"era":"pre-17th century","word":"pāy-jāma","meaning":"leg-garment","children":[],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Hindustani"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pyjamas","nightwear","sleepwear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nightclothes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sleepwear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jammies","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"432c1ec2-3bca-4974-ab4f-b5dafd932758","word":"pal","definition":"A close friend or companion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"phal","root_meaning":"brother, comrade","root_language":"Romani","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pal","meaning":"A close friend or companion.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"phal","meaning":"brother, comrade","children":[],"language":"Romani"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["friend","buddy","mate","chum","companion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"friend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buddy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"comrade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chum","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"14b9b625-ae7a-40ee-9d2a-dc9f12daee19","word":"palace","definition":"A large and stately house, especially one that is the official residence of royalty, a pope, or other dignitary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"palacio","language_family":"latin","root":"Palātium","root_meaning":"Palatine Hill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"palace","meaning":"royal residence","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"palais","meaning":"palace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Palātium","meaning":"Palatine Hill (site of imperial residences in Rome)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["palatial","palazzo","paladin","palatine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mansion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"château","formality":"literary"},{"word":"residence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"7ef82639-52bd-4909-aab3-6e35dcefdcb2","word":"paladin","definition":"Any of the twelve Peers of Charlemagne's court; a knightly champion or heroic champion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paladín","language_family":"latin","root":"palatinus","root_meaning":"of the palace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paladin","meaning":"a heroic champion","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"paladin","meaning":"paladin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paladino","meaning":"courtier, paladin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"palatinus","meaning":"of the palace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["palace","palatial","Palatine","peer","knight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"champion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hero","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"93eecdcb-563a-4336-b858-34218427a42a","word":"pale","definition":"(of a person or their complexion) having a light color.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pálido","language_family":"latin","root":"pallidus","root_meaning":"pale, pallid","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pale","meaning":"light in color","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pale","meaning":"pale","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pallidus","meaning":"pale","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pallid","pallor","appall","impale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"light","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wan","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ashen","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"38ba4362-c408-4615-a529-b862f335e3e8","word":"palestinian","definition":"A native or inhabitant of Palestine, or a person of Palestinian descent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"palestino","language_family":"greek","root":"Παλαιστίνη","root_meaning":"Palestine (from Philistia)","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Palestinian","meaning":"from Palestine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Palaestinus","meaning":"of Palestine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē)","meaning":"Palestine (from Philistia)","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Peleset","meaning":"referring to the Philistines","children":[],"language":"Ancient Egyptian"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Palestine","Philistine","Philistia","Gaza"],"synonyms":[{"word":"native of Palestine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhabitant of Palestine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resident of the Palestinian territories","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"1f77f99f-b4aa-4748-a36c-4afd3dc85ef7","word":"palm","definition":"The inner flat surface of the hand between wrist and fingers, or a type of tall tropical tree with large fronds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"palma","language_family":"latin","root":"palma","root_meaning":"palm of the hand, palm tree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"palm","meaning":"hand surface or tropical tree","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"palm","meaning":"palm of the hand, palm tree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"palma","meaning":"palm of the hand, palm tree","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["palms","palmetto","palm tree","palmate","palmistry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hand surface","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vola","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tropical tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"ccf2030a-c80a-4570-a89c-f55528386ba4","word":"palmer","definition":"A pilgrim, especially one who had returned from the Holy Land carrying a palm branch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"palma","root_meaning":"palm tree, palm branch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"palmer","meaning":"pilgrim from Holy Land","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"palmer","meaning":"pilgrim","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"palmarius","meaning":"palm-bearer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"palma","meaning":"palm tree, palm branch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["palm","pilgrim","palmetto","palmistry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pilgrim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"traveler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wayfarer","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"5a2979f0-7209-4614-bd47-9e240533aa96","word":"pan","definition":"A metal container used for cooking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"panne","root_meaning":"flat container","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pan","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"panne","meaning":"pan, flat container","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"panna","meaning":"pan","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*pat-","meaning":"broad, flat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pantry","pannier","pancake","saucepan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"skillet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saucepan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"b5c9939d-c3fc-45c5-b9c2-c3a488aaf7e4","word":"panasonic","definition":"A Japanese multinational electronics corporation known for consumer electronics and appliances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Pan- + sonic","root_meaning":"all + sound","root_language":"Greek and Latin","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Panasonic","meaning":"electronics brand name","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"Panasonic","meaning":"coined brand name from pan- and sonic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pan-","meaning":"all, every","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"sonic","meaning":"sound, relating to sound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sonic","panoramic","pan-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"electronics manufacturer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appliance brand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"d467145a-2f20-434a-9c33-c39597aab60e","word":"pancake","definition":"A thin, flat cake of batter, fried on both sides, typically served with sweet or savory toppings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pan + cake","root_meaning":"cooking vessel + baked food","root_language":"Old English + Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pancake","meaning":"A thin, flat cake of batter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pan","meaning":"cooking vessel","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"panna","meaning":"pan","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"13th century","word":"cake","meaning":"baked food","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kaka","meaning":"cake","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pan","pantry","company","cake","cookie","kitchen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flapjacks","formality":"informal"},{"word":"griddlecakes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crepe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"7c315987-6e1b-4ab7-a126-0fa291944d08","word":"pandemic","definition":"A disease prevalent over a whole country or the world.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pandemia","language_family":"greek","root":"pandēmos","root_meaning":"of all the people","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"pándēmos (πάνδημος)","meaning":"Of all the people, public. From pan- (all) + dēmos (people).","children":[{"era":"1660s","word":"pandemic","meaning":"A worldwide disease outbreak.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"pandemia","meaning":"Pandemic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["epidemic","endemic","pandemonium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plague","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"global outbreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scourge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2f38489b-2478-4c9d-860c-5603d2decea4","word":"panel","definition":"A distinct section of a surface, wall, or door; a flat piece forming part of a structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"panel","language_family":"french","root":"pan","root_meaning":"piece of cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"panel","meaning":"a flat piece forming part of a structure","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"panel","meaning":"piece of cloth; section","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pan","meaning":"piece of cloth","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paneled","paneling","panelist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pane","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"e235fd84-f981-4c5b-8148-3f356009d569","word":"panic","definition":"Sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety, often causing wild behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pánico","language_family":"greek","root":"panikos","root_meaning":"of Pan, the god","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"Pan","meaning":"God of shepherds, said to cause sudden fear.","children":[{"era":"~400 BC","word":"panikos","meaning":"Of Pan, sudden fear.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"panique","meaning":"Sudden terror.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"panic","meaning":"Uncontrollable fear.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"pánico","meaning":"Panic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["panicky","pandemonium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terror","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alarm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freak-out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"6df650ee-90fb-4848-90d6-2694d76bbe33","word":"panorama","definition":"An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"panorama","language_family":"greek","root":"pan + horama","root_meaning":"all-seeing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"pân (πᾶν) + hórama (ὅραμα)","meaning":"All + view, sight. Coined in 1789 from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1796","word":"panorama","meaning":"A wide, unobstructed view.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"panorama","meaning":"Panorama.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["panoramic","horizon","panopticon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vista","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"landscape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overview","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"9b991d29-30fb-4f73-8c22-3244b59629f0","word":"pant","definition":"To breathe quickly and with difficulty, especially after exertion.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pantaisier","root_meaning":"to be oppressed by nightmare, gasp","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*fantasiā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pant","meaning":"to breathe rapidly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"panten / paunten","meaning":"to gasp, be out of breath","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pantaisier","meaning":"to be oppressed by nightmare, gasp","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"phantasiare","meaning":"to have visions, cause nightmare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phantasia","meaning":"appearance, imagination","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["panting","pants","panther","panted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wheeze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"huff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"99474243-fb7e-4389-b9e9-3d380a68c929","word":"panther","definition":"A panther is a large wild cat, especially a leopard or jaguar with a black coat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pantera","language_family":"greek","root":"panthēr","root_meaning":"all-beast","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"panther","meaning":"a large wild cat, especially a leopard or jaguar with a black coat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"panthera","meaning":"panther; leopard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"panthēr","meaning":"panther","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pan-","meaning":"all","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"thēr","meaning":"beast, wild animal","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pantherine","panthera","pantheress","pantherlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"big cat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leopard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jaguar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"6d2792e1-f201-42bc-a86d-ecd7d5410d57","word":"pantie","definition":"A pair of women's or girls' underpants; often used in the plural, 'panties'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pantalon","root_meaning":"a type of tight trousers","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pantie","meaning":"small undergarment","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"pants","meaning":"trousers, undergarment","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"pantaloons","meaning":"trousers","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Pantalone","meaning":"character in commedia dell'arte","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Pantaleone","meaning":"Venetian saint","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pants","pantaloons","panties","trousers"],"synonyms":[{"word":"briefs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knickers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underpants","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"1939423d-4964-4633-88ef-fd460bcc18a4","word":"pantry","definition":"A pantry is a small room or cupboard used for storing food and kitchen supplies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pan","language_family":"french","root":"panis","root_meaning":"bread","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pantry","meaning":"a room or cupboard for storing food and kitchen supplies","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paneterie","meaning":"bread room; pantry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"panis","meaning":"bread","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pan","panada","pannier","pantler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"larder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cupboard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"storeroom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"492ad66f-884a-4777-b26d-666d2ebf524e","word":"papa","definition":"An informal or affectionate term for a father.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"papá","language_family":"french","root":"papa","root_meaning":"father (infantile)","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"papa","meaning":"father (affectionate)","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"papa","meaning":"father","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Infantile reduplication","meaning":"child's word for father (e.g., Latin 'papa', Greek 'pappas')","children":[],"language":"Universal"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["daddy","father","pop","pater","papal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"father","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dad","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pops","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"a9903b0b-5388-41f1-a0ce-4d1935bd55e0","word":"paper","definition":"A thin material made from pulped fibers, used for writing or printing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"papel","language_family":"greek","root":"papyros","root_meaning":"papyrus plant, paper made from it","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paper","meaning":"writing or printing material","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"paper","meaning":"thin material for writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papyrus","meaning":"papyrus plant and paper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papyros","meaning":"papyrus plant","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["papery","paperwork","newspaper","wallpaper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sheet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"document","formality":"formal"},{"word":"parchment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"4bf44f22-7032-47da-8568-f2eb541572d4","word":"paperback","definition":"A book bound with a flexible paper cover rather than stiff boards.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1930s","word":"paperback","meaning":"book with paper binding","children":[{"era":"1930s","word":"paper + back","meaning":"paper + flexible binding","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"paper","meaning":"writing material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papyrus","meaning":"papyrus plant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear surface","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paper","back","hardback","softcover","binding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"softcover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soft-backed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pocket book","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"b4bd6bf2-e5fb-4982-ac76-4d2a16a95810","word":"papers","definition":"Sheets of material made from wood pulp, or written documents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"papeles","language_family":"greek","root":"papyrus","root_meaning":"paper plant","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"papers","meaning":"sheets or documents","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"paper","meaning":"material for writing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"papier","meaning":"paper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papyrus","meaning":"paper plant from Egypt","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paper","papery","papyrus","paperwork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"documents","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sheets","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manuscripts","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"91e01088-2081-48f6-a1ca-997d8d56f8e3","word":"paperwork","definition":"Routine work involving written documents, such as completing forms or writing reports.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"paper, work","root_meaning":"material for writing, effort, task","root_language":"Old French, Old English","root_era":"1200s, pre-1100","proto_root":"papyrus, *werkan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paperwork","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"paper","meaning":"material for writing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"papier","meaning":"paper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papyrus","meaning":"papyrus plant, paper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"effort, task","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*werkan","meaning":"to work","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paper","work","homework","bookwork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bureaucracy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"red tape","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"c1d26359-e13b-42c1-8d12-1a42276221e1","word":"par","definition":"The recognized value of a monetary unit, or a state of equality or equivalence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"par","language_family":"latin","root":"par","root_meaning":"equal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"par","meaning":"equality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"par","meaning":"equal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pair","parity","compare","peer","disparate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"average","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"7147a77f-b1a7-4853-b1a6-76c12fa1d102","word":"parachute","definition":"A parachute is a device that slows a person's or object's fall through the air.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"chute","root_meaning":"fall","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parachute","meaning":"a device that slows a person's or object's fall through the air","children":[{"era":"1780s","word":"French parachute","meaning":"a device for checking a fall","children":[{"era":"1780s","word":"para-","meaning":"against; to protect against","children":[],"language":"French"},{"era":"1780s","word":"chute","meaning":"fall","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parachuting","parachutist","parachute-like","chute","paratrooper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decelerator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fall-shield","formality":"informal"},{"word":"canopy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"e28c83c7-dd07-47c0-b6dd-fe9a478cb63e","word":"parade","definition":"A public procession, especially one celebrating a special day or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parada","language_family":"french","root":"parade","root_meaning":"preparation, show, display","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parade","meaning":"a public procession","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"parade","meaning":"preparation, show","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"parata","meaning":"preparation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parare","meaning":"to prepare","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parry","prepare","apparatus","compare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procession","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"march","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spectacle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"d012e949-12f7-42e5-b0a0-1a48450b4d79","word":"paradise","definition":"A place, state, or condition of supreme bliss or delight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paraíso","language_family":"greek","root":"paradeisos","root_meaning":"enclosed park, pleasure-ground","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pari-daiza-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paradise","meaning":"A place of supreme bliss or delight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paradeisos","meaning":"enclosed park, pleasure-ground","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"pairidaēza","meaning":"enclosed park","children":[],"language":"Old Iranian"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pair","around","dais","perry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heaven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utopia","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eden","formality":"literary"},{"word":"bliss","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"34e963c1-d458-454a-800d-7b45625fbfd4","word":"paradox","definition":"A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paradoja","language_family":"greek","root":"paradoxon","root_meaning":"contrary to expectation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"parádoxon (παράδοξον)","meaning":"Contrary to expectation. From para- (contrary to) + doxa (opinion).","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"paradox","meaning":"A contradictory but possibly true statement.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"paradoja","meaning":"Paradox.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["paradoxical","orthodox","heterodox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contradiction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enigma","formality":"formal"},{"word":"puzzle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"b7278a73-0b4a-4844-ae2b-5e4abedfb5d8","word":"paragraph","definition":"A distinct section of a piece of writing, usually dealing with a single theme and indicated by a new line, indentation, or numbering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"párrafo","language_family":"greek","root":"paragraphos","root_meaning":"written beside","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paragraph","meaning":"section of writing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"paragraphe","meaning":"sign in margin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paragraphos","meaning":"a sign in the margin indicating a break","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paragrapher","paragraphic","paraphrase","telegraph","calligraphy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"block","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T15:56:12.940Z"}
{"id":"f535b023-d818-459c-9c93-8badf22819cf","word":"parallel","definition":"Side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"paralelo","language_family":"greek","root":"parallēlos","root_meaning":"beside one another","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"parállēlos (παράλληλος)","meaning":"Beside one another. From para- (beside) + allēlōn (of one another).","children":[{"era":"1540s","word":"parallel","meaning":"Lines equidistant at all points.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"paralelo","meaning":"Parallel.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["parallelism","parallax","unparalleled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"similar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analogous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"corresponding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"198b066e-a903-4a36-962c-9728047a9af6","word":"paralysis","definition":"A loss or impairment of the ability to move a body part or the body as a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parálisis","language_family":"greek","root":"λύειν","root_meaning":"to loosen","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paralysis","meaning":"loss of movement or power","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παράλυσις","meaning":"disabling, paralysis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παραλύειν","meaning":"to disable, loosen beside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"λύειν","meaning":"to loosen","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paralyze","paralyzed","paralytic","paralyzing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immobility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immobilization","formality":"technical"},{"word":"palsy","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"5ef6553e-f006-4675-a214-51a8e822907f","word":"paralyze","definition":"To cause a person or part of the body to become immobile.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"paralizar","language_family":"greek","root":"paralysis","root_meaning":"loosening, disablement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lewH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paralyze","meaning":"to make immobile","children":[{"era":"14th C.","word":"paralysie","meaning":"paralysis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paralysis","meaning":"loosening, disablement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παράλυσις (paralysis)","meaning":"loosening, disablement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παραλύειν (paralyein)","meaning":"to disable, to loosen alongside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παρά (para)","meaning":"alongside","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"λύειν (lyein)","meaning":"to loosen","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paralysis","paralytic","analysis","catalyst","dialysis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immobilize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cripple","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"2e26f88f-c05e-41f6-9ed4-70b280615917","word":"paramedic","definition":"A person trained to give emergency medical treatment, especially as part of an ambulance crew.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paramédico","language_family":"greek","root":"para-, medikos","root_meaning":"beside, medical","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-, *med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paramedic","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"paramedic","meaning":"paramedic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"para-","meaning":"beside","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"medic","meaning":"medical practitioner","children":[],"language":"Latin/Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["medical","medicine","parameter","paradise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"EMT","formality":"technical"},{"word":"first responder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ambulance technician","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"1238d4ab-c4cc-4a01-a08f-93e8171e8a5b","word":"parameter","definition":"A numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parámetro","language_family":"greek","root":"para- (beside) + metron (measure)","root_meaning":"A measure alongside.","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parameter","meaning":"A factor defining a system","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"parameter","meaning":"auxiliary variable","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"παράμετρος (parametros)","meaning":"measuring alongside","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"παρά (para)","meaning":"beside","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"ancient","word":"μέτρον (metron)","meaning":"measure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perimeter","metre","diameter","symmetrical","metric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"variable","formality":"technical"},{"word":"factor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"criterion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"0498e23c-af20-44ed-b14c-4f385b9c94a6","word":"parameters","definition":"Measurable or quantifiable factors that define a system or set limits on variation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parámetros","language_family":"greek","root":"parametron","root_meaning":"something measured off","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- (beyond) + *me- (measure)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parameters","meaning":"measurable factors defining a system","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"parameter","meaning":"quantity whose value determines a function","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parametron","meaning":"something measured off","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parameter","parametric","parametrize","parameterize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"variables","formality":"technical"},{"word":"factors","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specifications","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constraints","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"faabcd47-9424-4284-b6a9-aeb56a8fe13f","word":"paranoia","definition":"A mental state marked by irrational suspicion and delusional mistrust.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paranoia","language_family":"greek","root":"παράνοια","root_meaning":"madness; derangement of mind","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paranoia","meaning":"irrational suspicion and mistrust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παράνοια","meaning":"madness, delirium, or derangement of mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παρά- + νοῦς","meaning":"'beside' + 'mind'","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paranoid","paranoiac","paranoidly","paranoiacal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suspicion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mistrust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persecution mania","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"fc62887b-191b-4992-8df4-bee2efcee9ce","word":"paranoid","definition":"Characterized by or suffering from the mental condition of paranoia.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"paranoide","language_family":"greek","root":"paránoia","root_meaning":"madness, mental derangement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paranoid","meaning":"suffering from paranoia","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"paranoia","meaning":"mental disorder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paránoia","meaning":"madness, mental derangement (from pará 'beside' + noûs 'mind')","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paranoia","paranormal","philosophy","noetic","paraphrase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suspicious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distrustful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delusional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehensive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"32317754-6f06-4496-81b5-bc8ccea8032b","word":"paranormal","definition":"Paranormal means beyond what is considered normal or scientifically explainable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"paranormal","language_family":"other","root":"para-","root_meaning":"beside, beyond","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paranormal","meaning":"beyond what is considered normal or scientifically explainable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"para-","meaning":"beside, beyond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pará","meaning":"beside, beyond","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"current","word":"normal","meaning":"conforming to a standard or rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"normālis","meaning":"according to rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["normal","normality","parapsychology","paranormality","supernormal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supernatural","formality":"formal"},{"word":"occult","formality":"formal"},{"word":"psychic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"34bc43d9-3839-4e8b-801b-4d2c60a7bda7","word":"parasite","definition":"An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits at its expense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parásito","language_family":"greek","root":"parasitos","root_meaning":"one who eats at another's table","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"parásitos (παράσιτος)","meaning":"One who eats at the table of another, a fellow guest. From para- (beside) + sitos (food, grain).","children":[{"era":"1530s","word":"parasite","meaning":"An organism exploiting its host.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"parásito","meaning":"Parasite.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["parasitic","parasitology","parasitism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"freeloader","formality":"informal"},{"word":"leech","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sponger","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0962d06e-2d95-4244-ab0f-a9746dbc6a6e","word":"parcel","definition":"A quantity or amount of something, especially a wrapped package.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parcela","language_family":"french","root":"particula","root_meaning":"small part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parcel","meaning":"package, portion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"parcel","meaning":"a part, a portion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parcelle","meaning":"small part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"particula","meaning":"small part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars","meaning":"part","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","particle","partial","compartment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"package","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bundle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consignment","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"454ab9c2-6e42-4e20-8718-48522c2f4d34","word":"pardon","definition":"To forgive or excuse a fault or offense.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"perdón","language_family":"french","root":"perdonare","root_meaning":"to forgive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pardon","meaning":"to forgive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pardoner","meaning":"to forgive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perdonare","meaning":"to give thoroughly, forgive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pardonable","pardoner","condone","donate","gift"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forgive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absolution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"dd16b95a-36d1-486f-819f-5914aca4f4da","word":"parent","definition":"A person who is the biological or legal guardian of a child.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"padre","language_family":"latin","root":"parens","root_meaning":"one who brings forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parent","meaning":"guardian or father/mother","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parent","meaning":"father, parent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parens","meaning":"one who brings forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parere","meaning":"to bring forth, produce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parental","parentage","father","mother"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"father","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"5127bc06-2714-4e7f-b6aa-4039367e21fc","word":"parental","definition":"Relating to a parent or to parents in general.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"parental","language_family":"latin","root":"parentalis","root_meaning":"of parents","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*perh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parental","meaning":"relating to a parent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parental","meaning":"of parents","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"parentalis","meaning":"of parents","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parens","meaning":"parent, ancestor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parent","parenting","paternal","maternal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maternal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paternal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"ccb130df-caf2-4e19-ae45-cfc95898e9f4","word":"parents","definition":"Plural of parent; people who have produced or adopted children.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"padres","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin parens","root_meaning":"father, mother, one who begets","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- or *pere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parents","meaning":"mothers and fathers","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parent","meaning":"mother or father","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parens","meaning":"father, mother","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"to produce, bear, multiply","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parent","parental","parentage","parenthood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mothers and fathers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guardians","formality":"formal"},{"word":"progenitors","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"1cad5d0e-a2c3-4d4c-8455-5b4dc8a92227","word":"paris","definition":"The capital city of France, or in mythology, the Trojan prince who abducted Helen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Greek Paris","root_meaning":"the Trojan prince","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Paris","meaning":"capital of France; Trojan prince","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Paris","meaning":"capital city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Parisii","meaning":"the Gallic tribe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Parisian","Parisienne"],"synonyms":[{"word":"City of Light","formality":"literary"},{"word":"French capital","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"113c7c07-65af-4c5b-8a89-c4fc2e6f2a8b","word":"parish","definition":"(in the Christian Church) A small administrative district typically having its own church and a priest or pastor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parroquia","language_family":"greek","root":"paroikia","root_meaning":"dwelling beside, neighborhood","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parish","meaning":"ecclesiastical district","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"paroisse","meaning":"parish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paroecia","meaning":"parish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παροικία (paroikia)","meaning":"dwelling beside, neighborhood","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parochial","pariah","diocese","church"],"synonyms":[{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congregation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"c5a373ec-1744-47ab-8d5c-fb92ce1a0467","word":"park","definition":"A public area of land with grass and trees for recreation; or to position a vehicle temporarily.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parque","language_family":"french","root":"parc","root_meaning":"enclosed space, enclosure, park","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*perk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"park","meaning":"public recreational area or vehicle stopping place","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"park","meaning":"enclosed hunting ground, garden","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parc","meaning":"enclosed space, hunting ground","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parking","parked","parks","parking lot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"garden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"green space","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recreational area","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"336c4fe3-28fb-4502-b45e-c0c98c857269","word":"parker","definition":"A person who parks vehicles, or a gamekeeper responsible for maintaining a park.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"parc","root_meaning":"enclosed game preserve","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*parruk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parker","meaning":"one who parks; gamekeeper of a park","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"park + -er","meaning":"keeper of an enclosed preserve","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"parc","meaning":"enclosed hunting ground","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"*parruk","meaning":"enclosure, pen","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["park","parking","parked","parkland","parkway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gamekeeper","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warden","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"48763b31-ddad-4d97-b112-3a792904c80c","word":"parking","definition":"The action or activity of leaving a vehicle temporarily in a designated space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"park","root_meaning":"enclosed space, tract of land","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parking","meaning":"act of leaving a vehicle in a space","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"park","meaning":"to leave a vehicle temporarily","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"park","meaning":"enclosed space, paddock","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["park","parked","parks","parker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"space","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"berth","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"9e9af517-eb23-483c-84fa-95a13d94b128","word":"parks","definition":"Areas of land with grass and trees, typically for public recreation, or to position a vehicle temporarily.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parques","language_family":"french","root":"parc","root_meaning":"enclosure, park","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parks","meaning":"recreational areas or parking spots","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"park","meaning":"enclosed hunting ground","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"parc","meaning":"enclosure","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"parcus","meaning":"enclosure","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["park","parking","parkway","parquet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gardens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grounds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"green spaces","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"00f97597-cd1c-4ee2-b95c-9d42543ffb84","word":"parliament","definition":"(In the UK and many other countries) the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parlamento","language_family":"french","root":"parlement","root_meaning":"a discussion, a talking","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parliament","meaning":"highest legislature","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parlement","meaning":"a discussion, a talking","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"parler","meaning":"to speak","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"parabola","meaning":"speech, discourse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parabolē","meaning":"comparison, parable","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parley","parlor","parole","speak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legislature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"congress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"ed327059-b9be-4ab2-b976-d7a200e9a569","word":"parlour","definition":"A sitting room or reception room, especially in a house.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"parler","root_meaning":"to speak","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parlour","meaning":"a sitting room or reception room, especially in a house","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parleor / parloir / parleoir","meaning":"a place for speaking","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"parler","meaning":"to speak","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"parlour","meaning":"a room for private use or discussion","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parlor","parley","parole","parlance","parlourmaid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sitting room","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lounge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drawing room","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"819917e5-6ccb-4660-ab0b-4e65cc4150f6","word":"parole","definition":"The release of a prisoner temporarily or permanently before the completion of a sentence, on the promise of good behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"palabra","language_family":"latin","root":"parabola","root_meaning":"speech, word, discourse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parole","meaning":"release from prison","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"parole","meaning":"speech, promise","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"parole","meaning":"word, speech","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"parabola","meaning":"speech, word","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"παραβολή (parabolē)","meaning":"juxtaposition, comparison","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parol","parable","parliament","word"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conditional release","formality":"technical"},{"word":"probation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"5d34b72c-14b5-4886-a9db-bc6d0ce1a550","word":"parrot","definition":"A tropical bird with a hooked beak and brightly colored plumage, some species of which are able to mimic human speech.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Perrot","root_meaning":"diminutive of Pierre","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parrot","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"parrot","meaning":"parrot","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"Perrot","meaning":"diminutive of Pierre","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parakeet","pierrot","macaw","cockatoo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"macaw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cockatoo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"budgerigar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"3ba067de-8537-4679-949a-86851e074895","word":"part","definition":"A piece or portion of a whole; a component or element.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parte","language_family":"latin","root":"pars","root_meaning":"a part, piece, portion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"part","meaning":"a piece or component of a whole","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"part","meaning":"a portion, piece","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars","meaning":"a part, piece, portion, share","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"to divide, distribute","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["partial","partition","depart","partner","impart"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"component","formality":"formal"},{"word":"portion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:11:37.411Z"}
{"id":"ea6e408b-92b9-48b9-9a67-0deee5ce9388","word":"partial","definition":"Constituting only a part; incomplete or biased.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"parcial","language_family":"french","root":"parcial","root_meaning":"Of a part, biased","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"pars","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"partial","meaning":"Constituting only a part","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"parcial","meaning":"of a part, biased","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"partialis","meaning":"of a part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars, partis","meaning":"part, share","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","portion","impartial","participate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incomplete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragmentary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limited","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"1242142e-67ed-4f63-972b-b587bc910ba0","word":"participant","definition":"A person who takes part in something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"participante","language_family":"latin","root":"participare","root_meaning":"To share, partake.","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"participant","meaning":"One who takes part","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"participant","meaning":"sharing, partaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"participans","meaning":"partaking (present participle of participare)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"participare","meaning":"to share, partake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["participate","participation","part","party"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contributor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"member","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"player","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"fe51f9b1-ffa4-4e9e-bc77-e19a2ff077e3","word":"participants","definition":"Plural of participant; people who take part in or become involved in an activity or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"participantes","language_family":"latin","root":"participare","root_meaning":"to share in, to partake","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"participants","meaning":"people who take part","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"participant","meaning":"one who participates","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"participans","meaning":"sharing in, partaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"participare","meaning":"to share in, to partake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["participate","participation","participant","part","parcel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attendees","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"members","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"players","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stakeholders","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"fec1892c-1a68-48f8-a811-80ffec51805e","word":"participate","definition":"To take part in an activity or event.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"participar","language_family":"latin","root":"participāre","root_meaning":"to share in, partake","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"participāre","meaning":"To share, partake, participate.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"participate","meaning":"To take part.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"participar","meaning":"To participate.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["participation","participant","participatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partake","formality":"formal"},{"word":"join in","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"0366a020-f0ba-4cb7-9592-5cfeae2fe3c1","word":"participation","definition":"The act of taking part in or sharing in an activity, event, or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"participación","language_family":"latin","root":"participatio","root_meaning":"sharing, partaking","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"participation","meaning":"act of taking part","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"participation","meaning":"sharing, partaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"participatio","meaning":"sharing, partaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"participare","meaning":"to share, to partake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars + capere","meaning":"part + to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["participate","participant","participatory","party"],"synonyms":[{"word":"involvement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engagement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contribution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partaking","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"0288da0c-c5b2-4e8e-b6d6-e151763a3363","word":"particle","definition":"A minute portion, piece, fragment, or amount of something; a tiny or very small bit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"partícula","language_family":"latin","root":"particula","root_meaning":"small part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"particle","meaning":"a small piece","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"particule","meaning":"small part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"particula","meaning":"small part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars","meaning":"part","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","partial","particular","partition","particulate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"iota","formality":"literary"},{"word":"speck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atom","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"8c842f19-6095-452e-b81b-cf619586441b","word":"particular","definition":"Relating to a single person, thing, or group; not general or universal.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"particular","language_family":"latin","root":"particularis","root_meaning":"relating to a part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"particular","meaning":"relating to a specific person or thing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"particular","meaning":"relating to a part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"particularis","meaning":"relating to a part","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","particle","particularity","particularly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specific","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"special","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"44e4fc25-1e06-451d-85cc-9b355e0becdd","word":"particularly","definition":"In a manner that is special, distinctive, or worthy of special attention; especially.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"particularmente","language_family":"french","root":"particularis","root_meaning":"relating to a single person or thing, specific","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"particularly","meaning":"in a distinctive manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"particular","meaning":"individual, specific","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"particularis","meaning":"relating to a single thing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["particular","particle","particularity","especially"],"synonyms":[{"word":"especially","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specifically","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"e498c89f-97b0-4899-ab13-6eedea302ad2","word":"parties","definition":"Groups of people or individuals involved in an agreement, lawsuit, or social gathering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"partida","language_family":"french","root":"partie","root_meaning":"part, division, portion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parties","meaning":"plural of party, groups of people or participants","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"party","meaning":"group of people, division, faction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"partie","meaning":"part, portion, division","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["party","part","partition","partisan","participate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gatherings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factions","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"36f16fc0-4da1-4e35-bf3d-984f5e2472cd","word":"partition","definition":"The action or state of dividing or being divided into parts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"partición","language_family":"latin","root":"partiri","root_meaning":"to divide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"partition","meaning":"division into parts","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"partitionem","meaning":"division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"partitio","meaning":"division, share","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"partiri","meaning":"to divide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars","meaning":"part","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","participate","particle","separate","bipartite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segmentation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"903e0b28-c143-41fc-827f-c1f52923243f","word":"partly","definition":"To some extent but not completely; not wholly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"parcialmente","language_family":"latin","root":"pars","root_meaning":"part, piece","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pereh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"partly","meaning":"to some extent","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"part","meaning":"part, portion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"part","meaning":"a portion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars","meaning":"part, piece, share","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*pereh₂-","meaning":"to grant, allot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","partial","partition","impart"],"synonyms":[{"word":"partially","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"somewhat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incompletely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"eb76d573-a9ef-4d7e-80fd-cb3aab122675","word":"partner","definition":"A person who shares or takes part in an activity with another person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"partenaire","language_family":"french","root":"partie","root_meaning":"part, portion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"partner","meaning":"one who shares in an activity or enterprise","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"partener","meaning":"one who partakes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"partie","meaning":"part, portion, division","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","partake","participate","partition","party"],"synonyms":[{"word":"associate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"colleague","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.950Z"}
{"id":"b75bab6d-42f4-4022-92d9-7b6aec4b30a7","word":"partners","definition":"Plural of partner; individuals or organizations joined together in a common activity or enterprise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"socios","language_family":"french","root":"part","root_meaning":"part, share, portion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"partners","meaning":"multiple individuals in joint enterprise","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"partner","meaning":"one who shares a part","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"partnere","meaning":"one who shares","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"part","meaning":"part, portion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["partner","partnership","partnering","partake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"associates","formality":"formal"},{"word":"colleagues","formality":"formal"},{"word":"allies","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"54484691-8d74-4ea1-ab06-b9225861e2ba","word":"partnership","definition":"The state of being a partner or a business arrangement between two or more parties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"participación","language_family":"french","root":"parçon","root_meaning":"part, portion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"partnership","meaning":"business arrangement between parties","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"partner","meaning":"one who shares or divides","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"parçon","meaning":"part, portion","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["partner","partners","partnered","partake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alliance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collaboration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"association","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"40d39bb5-96ed-4cbe-8a4d-889e3d9f12de","word":"parts","definition":"Plural of part; individual pieces that together compose a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"partes","language_family":"latin","root":"pars","root_meaning":"piece, portion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"parts","meaning":"individual pieces","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"part","meaning":"piece or portion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pars","meaning":"piece, portion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","partial","partition","particle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"components","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pieces","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segments","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"d33e555a-b364-4055-8a9f-7997cb519da0","word":"party","definition":"A social gathering of people for celebration or entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"parte","language_family":"french","root":"partie","root_meaning":"part, division, portion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*part-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"party","meaning":"social gathering or group","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"partie","meaning":"part, side, group, celebration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"partie","meaning":"part, portion, division","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["parties","partial","partake","partition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celebration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"f6d649b4-039d-4801-8ec0-23e109a65670","word":"pas","definition":"A step or series of steps in dancing; also precedence or right of going first.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paso","language_family":"french","root":"passus","root_meaning":"step, pace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pas","meaning":"a dance step; precedence","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"pas","meaning":"step","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passus","meaning":"step, pace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pandere","meaning":"to stretch out","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*peh₂-","meaning":"to protect, shepherd","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pace","pass","passage","paso","impasse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"step","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"move","formality":"informal"},{"word":"figure","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"4f261167-5fa8-46a1-b928-1155aa10340d","word":"pass","definition":"To move or go forward, or to successfully complete a test or exam.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pasar","language_family":"latin","root":"passus","root_meaning":"step, passage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pass","meaning":"to move forward or succeed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pass","meaning":"to go, move","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passus","meaning":"step, passage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["passage","passenger","passing","impass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"succeed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proceed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"go","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"dcb56a3f-e350-454f-8488-01c13d663cb9","word":"passage","definition":"A narrow way allowing access between two places.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasaje","language_family":"french","root":"passer","root_meaning":"to pass","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"passage","meaning":"A narrow way.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"passage","meaning":"the action of passing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"passer","meaning":"to pass","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pass","passing","passenger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corridor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pathway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"traverse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"77e7cae2-8944-4f53-a01a-0724edc44a5d","word":"passed","definition":"Moved by or through something; went beyond a certain point or succeeded in an examination.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pasar","language_family":"latin","root":"passus","root_meaning":"stretched out, extended","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"passed","meaning":"moved through or succeeded","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pass","meaning":"to go through, move","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"passer","meaning":"to pass, go","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passus","meaning":"stretched, extended","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pass","passage","passenger","bypass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"succeeded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"went through","formality":"informal"},{"word":"traversed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overtook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"e87b1148-cb36-4e2a-8047-4869d679df5b","word":"passenger","definition":"A person who travels in a vehicle, train, boat, or aircraft, but does not operate it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasajero","language_family":"french","root":"passer","root_meaning":"to pass","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"passenger","meaning":"traveler","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"passagere","meaning":"traveler","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"passer","meaning":"to pass","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"passare","meaning":"to pass","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pass","passage","passport","impassable","encompass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traveler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commuter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"7a23d76b-d8e6-4d80-9710-e44980304120","word":"passion","definition":"A strong and barely controllable emotion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasión","language_family":"latin","root":"passio","root_meaning":"suffering, enduring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"passion","meaning":"A strong and barely controllable emotion","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"passioun","meaning":"suffering, martyrdom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passio","meaning":"suffering, enduring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pati","meaning":"to suffer, endure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patient","passive","pathos","patience","compatible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ardor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fervor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zeal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"b66814a1-4505-4f92-b205-e77d04ca70d6","word":"passionate","definition":"Showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"apasionado","language_family":"latin","root":"passio","root_meaning":"suffering, emotion","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peiH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"passionate","meaning":"showing strong feelings","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"passion","meaning":"suffering, strong feeling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passio","meaning":"suffering, emotion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pati","meaning":"to suffer, endure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["passion","passive","patience","compassion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ardent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fervent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"5d64825d-078b-4183-a690-0aafe7498824","word":"passive","definition":"accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pasivo","language_family":"latin","root":"passivus","root_meaning":"capable of suffering, susceptible to impression","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"passive","meaning":"accepting without resistance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passivus","meaning":"capable of suffering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pati","meaning":"to suffer, endure","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*peh₁-","meaning":"to hurt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["passion","patient","suffer","pathos"],"synonyms":[{"word":"submissive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compliant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inactive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receptive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"4153ac99-6aff-43ad-a5a5-0f3bb22aa6e0","word":"passport","definition":"An official document issued by a government, certifying the holder's identity and citizenship and entitling them to travel under its protection to and from foreign countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasaporte","language_family":"french","root":"passeport","root_meaning":"passage port, leave to pass through a port","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"passport","meaning":"Official travel document","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"passeport","meaning":"passage port","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"passer","meaning":"to pass","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"port","meaning":"port, gate","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pass","porter","import","export","portage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"travel document","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visa","formality":"technical"},{"word":"credentials","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"aae00fdf-b5c2-4852-bc86-1039fc8269a8","word":"password","definition":"A secret word or string of characters used to gain access to a secured system or account.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pass + word","root_meaning":"passage + utterance","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"password","meaning":"security code for access","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pass","meaning":"passage or allow through","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"word","meaning":"spoken utterance or term","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pass","word","passwords","passwordless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passcode","formality":"technical"},{"word":"code","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secret","formality":"informal"},{"word":"credential","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"1553cadb-4911-48e5-9bcf-e105995e398c","word":"past","definition":"Gone by in time; belonging to a former time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pasado","language_family":"latin","root":"passus","root_meaning":"having passed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"past","meaning":"gone by in time","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paste","meaning":"gone by","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"passus","meaning":"having passed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pass","passage","passive","passion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"former","formality":"formal"},{"word":"previous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bygone","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"73920977-7b9b-468b-8e2f-231155329f52","word":"pasta","definition":"A dish originally from Italy consisting of dough made from durum wheat and water, extruded or stamped into various shapes and typically cooked in boiling water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasta","language_family":"latin","root":"pasta","root_meaning":"dough, paste","root_language":"Italian (from Late Latin)","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*pekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"pasta","meaning":"Italian food","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pasta","meaning":"dough, paste","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"pasta","meaning":"dough","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pastos","meaning":"barley porridge","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["paste","pastry","pâté","pastiche","impasto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noodles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"macaroni","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"179f3a82-2940-4bdd-af52-9a0e7ea453ab","word":"paste","definition":"A thick, soft, moist substance, typically produced by mixing dry ingredients with a liquid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasta","language_family":"french","root":"pasta","root_meaning":"barley porridge, dough","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"500s CE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paste","meaning":"a thick, soft, moist substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paste","meaning":"dough, pastry","children":[{"era":"500s CE","word":"pasta","meaning":"dough, pastry, food paste","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pastē","meaning":"barley porridge","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pastry","pasta","pâté","empaste","impasto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pulp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dough","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"5eb67189-23e7-4c8e-bbff-2b3b81e30b81","word":"pastor","definition":"A minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pastor","language_family":"latin","root":"pastor","root_meaning":"shepherd","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pa-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pastor","meaning":"clergyman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pastor","meaning":"shepherd","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pasture","pastoral","repast"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clergyman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preacher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"a6fc783e-6645-4429-bcd0-18f5f274b9ea","word":"pastry","definition":"A baked dough product, especially a sweet one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasta","language_family":"greek","root":"pastē","root_meaning":"a paste or porridge-like mixture","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pastry","meaning":"a baked dough product","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paste","meaning":"dough, paste","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pasta","meaning":"dough, paste","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pastē","meaning":"paste, porridge-like mixture","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paste","pasty","pasty-shop","pastel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"baked good","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"791847ef-5574-4818-9893-a2ebe7690fd3","word":"pasture","definition":"Land covered with grass or herbage for grazing livestock.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pasto","language_family":"latin","root":"pastūra","root_meaning":"grazing; fodder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pasture","meaning":"Land covered with grass or herbage for grazing livestock.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English pasture","meaning":"The earlier English form of pasture.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Anglo-Norman pastour","meaning":"Borrowed intermediary form.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin pastūra","meaning":"Grazing; fodder.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pāscor","meaning":"I feed; I graze.","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-tūra","meaning":"Action/result suffix.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pastoral","pasturage","pastureland","pastor","pastured"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grazing land","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meadow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grassland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"99cf190e-ec51-4b9f-bbfc-3349b5797ca1","word":"pat","definition":"To strike lightly with an open hand or a flat object, often affectionately or to flatten something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"patte","root_meaning":"to strike gently","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"15th century","word":"pat","meaning":"to strike lightly","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"patte","meaning":"to strike gently","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["tap","stroke","caress","dab","spat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stroke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dab","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"c92779c6-d8a6-4854-b631-11d18f524181","word":"patch","definition":"A small piece of material used to cover a hole or repair something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pache","root_meaning":"piece of cloth or territory","root_language":"Old English/Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patch","meaning":"small piece of material for repair","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"patch","meaning":"piece of cloth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pacche","meaning":"piece or patch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pache","meaning":"patch or piece","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patchy","patchwork","patcher","patchily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piece","formality":"informal"},{"word":"repair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covering","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"e227261e-e3b1-47d3-b439-b7b93a432597","word":"patent","definition":"A government authority or licence conferring a sole right or title to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a set period.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patente","language_family":"latin","root":"patens","root_meaning":"open, lying open","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patent","meaning":"exclusive right to an invention","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"patent","meaning":"open, evident","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patens","meaning":"open, lying open","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patere","meaning":"to lie open","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (present participle)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patency","open","expand","spatial","panorama"],"synonyms":[{"word":"license","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"copyright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"franchise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"87795be5-ebe5-4d0e-92e8-2a63137ad09a","word":"paternal","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of a father; received from a father.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"paternal","language_family":"latin","root":"paternus","root_meaning":"of a father","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"pater","meaning":"Father.","children":[{"era":"~200 BC","word":"paternus","meaning":"Of a father.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"paternal","meaning":"Fatherly.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"paternal","meaning":"Paternal, fatherly.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["paternity","patriarch","patron"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fatherly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patriarchal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"protective","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"e2748971-98e4-49de-9270-de1dd6501c13","word":"path","definition":"A way or route traveled, or a course of action or development.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"paeth","root_meaning":"a way or track","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"path","meaning":"a way or course","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"path","meaning":"a way or track","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"paeth","meaning":"path or way","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pathway","pathfinder","footpath","towpath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"route","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"way","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trajectory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.019Z"}
{"id":"b3c2ef01-74ee-4a92-b347-46902cff6aef","word":"pathetic","definition":"Arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"patético","language_family":"greek","root":"pathētikos","root_meaning":"capable of feeling, passionate","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwenth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pathetic","meaning":"Arousing pity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patheticus","meaning":"pathetic, moving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pathētikos","meaning":"capable of feeling, passionate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pathos","meaning":"suffering, feeling","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pathos","sympathy","apathy","telepathy","empathy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pitiable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pitiful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woeful","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"c52dd346-ca18-4307-85da-8b5d8282c104","word":"pathologist","definition":"A pathologist is a doctor or scientist who studies disease by examining tissues, fluids, and bodily changes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patólogo","language_family":"greek","root":"πάθος (pathos)","root_meaning":"suffering, disease, feeling","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pathologist","meaning":"doctor or scientist who studies disease","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"pathology","meaning":"the study of disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pathologia","meaning":"study of suffering or disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"πάθος (pathos)","meaning":"suffering, disease, feeling","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"New Latin / Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pathology","pathological","pathogen","patho-","pathos"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diagnostician","formality":"technical"},{"word":"physician","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"medical specialist","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"487f5eac-2180-472c-ac47-7758075b0cd9","word":"pathology","definition":"The science or study of the origin, nature, and course of diseases.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patología","language_family":"greek","root":"pathos, -logia","root_meaning":"suffering, disease; study of","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷent(h)-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pathology","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"18th Century","word":"pathologie","meaning":"study of disease","children":[{"era":"17th Century","word":"pathologia","meaning":"study of disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pathos","meaning":"suffering, disease","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-logia","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pathetic","sympathy","biology","logy","pathogen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"etiology","formality":"technical"},{"word":"nosology","formality":"technical"},{"word":"diagnostics","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"c219e7ad-3ad9-4e53-9b55-4dc091c089d5","word":"patience","definition":"The capacity to accept or tolerate delay, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paciencia","language_family":"latin","root":"patientia","root_meaning":"suffering, endurance, patience","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patience","meaning":"capacity to endure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pacience","meaning":"patience, suffering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patientia","meaning":"suffering, endurance","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*peh₁-","meaning":"to hurt, be ill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patient","impatient","passivity","suffer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endurance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tolerance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forbearance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"4bf6d0b8-a688-4cb9-b3f2-169f807ce4dc","word":"patient","definition":"A person receiving medical treatment or able to accept delay without becoming annoyed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paciente","language_family":"latin","root":"patiens","root_meaning":"suffering, enduring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patient","meaning":"person receiving medical care or one who endures","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patiens","meaning":"suffering, enduring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pati","meaning":"to suffer, endure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patience","patine","impatient","patina"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tolerant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forbearing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"long-suffering","formality":"literary"},{"word":"persevering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"8ff18446-60af-4d8a-858f-37f6c9294811","word":"patients","definition":"Individuals receiving medical care or treatment from a healthcare provider.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pacientes","language_family":"latin","root":"patiens","root_meaning":"suffering, bearing, enduring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patients","meaning":"persons receiving medical treatment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"patient","meaning":"one who suffers or endures","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patiens","meaning":"suffering, enduring","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patient","patience","patently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sufferers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cases","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clients","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subjects","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"05f444e1-cd74-46b6-a30e-66fc1a9d5562","word":"patio","definition":"A paved outdoor area, typically adjoining a house and used for dining or recreation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patio","language_family":"latin","root":"patere","root_meaning":"to lie open","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patio","meaning":"A paved outdoor area, typically adjoining a house and used for dining or recreation.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"patio","meaning":"courtyard, open space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patere","meaning":"to lie open","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patent","expand","open","expansive","paterfamilias"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"veranda","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courtyard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"8b4aebd1-5df8-4d6b-8013-eb4c36c75040","word":"patriotic","definition":"Showing love for and support of one's country.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"patriótico","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek patēr","root_meaning":"father","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ph2tēr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patriotic","meaning":"Showing love for and support of one's country.","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"patriot","meaning":"a countryman; later, one who loves and supports his country","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"patriote","meaning":"countryman; patriot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patriōtēs","meaning":"countryman; compatriot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patris / patēr","meaning":"fatherland / father","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ph2tēr","meaning":"father","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patriot","patriotism","patriotically","patriote","patrioticism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nationalistic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loyal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flag-waving","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"7dba8125-6719-41cb-bf22-c912f6669727","word":"patrol","definition":"To keep watch over an area by regularly walking or traveling around it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"patrullar","language_family":"french","root":"patrouiller","root_meaning":"to walk through mud, to go on a round","root_language":"French","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patrol","meaning":"to keep watch","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"patrouiller","meaning":"to walk through mud, go on a round","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"patte","meaning":"paw, foot","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patroller","patrolled","patrolling","battery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surveil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"c58bced4-3484-479f-bd80-8abdc91f7371","word":"patron","definition":"A person who supports an artist, institution, or cause, or a regular customer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patrón","language_family":"latin","root":"patronus","root_meaning":"protector, sponsor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ph₂tḗr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patron","meaning":"a supporter or regular customer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"patron","meaning":"protector or sponsor","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"patron","meaning":"protector or sponsor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patronus","meaning":"protector, defender, sponsor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patronage","patronize","patroness","patronal","patrimony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benefactor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"backer","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"636c921e-a8c4-42cd-a341-f85c7f8939d9","word":"pattern","definition":"A repeated or decorative design or sequence of events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patrón","language_family":"french","root":"patron","root_meaning":"model, patron","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pattern","meaning":"A repeated or decorative design or sequence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"patron","meaning":"model, example, patron","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patronus","meaning":"protector, father","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["patron","patternless","patterned","patterning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"template","formality":"technical"},{"word":"motif","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scheme","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"04076252-7058-4b73-b95f-743a9c00db02","word":"patterns","definition":"Repeated or decorative designs, or recurring sequences of behavior or events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patrón","language_family":"latin","root":"patria","root_meaning":"father, fatherland","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patterns","meaning":"design or recurring sequence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pattern","meaning":"example, design","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"patron","meaning":"pattern, example","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"patronus","meaning":"protector, father figure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pattern","patterned","patterning","patronage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"designs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motifs","formality":"formal"},{"word":"templates","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"869a471e-7f59-4822-9860-74ffe1554a78","word":"patty","definition":"A small flat cake or portion of ground meat, or a small pie.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"paste","root_meaning":"dough, pastry","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"patty","meaning":"small flat cake or portion of meat","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"patty","meaning":"small pie","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pasté","meaning":"meat pie","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"paste","meaning":"dough, pastry","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pasty","paste","pastry","pate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fritter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cutlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"croquette","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"0ebe4225-2cc2-4ecf-881e-ccb2bcc27aac","word":"paul","definition":"a male given name of Latin origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Pablo","language_family":"latin","root":"paulus","root_meaning":"small","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Paul","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Paul","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Paulus","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Paul","Paula","Pauline","Paolo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"a personal name","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"9abc343c-27b5-4f08-ba9d-6d4b99a10a1b","word":"pauline","definition":"Of or relating to the apostle Paul or his writings.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"Paulino","language_family":"latin","root":"Paulus","root_meaning":"small, humble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Pauline","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"biblical name","word":"Paul","meaning":"given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Paulus","meaning":"family name meaning 'small'","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Paul","Paulist","appall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apostolic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ecclesiastical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"biblical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"7ae63e83-3a96-49c3-aa6c-47aed3d63b89","word":"pause","definition":"A temporary stop in action or speech.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pausa","language_family":"latin","root":"pausa","root_meaning":"a stop, a halt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₂w-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pause","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"pause","meaning":"a pause","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pausa","meaning":"a halt, a stop","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*peh₂w-","meaning":"to strike, to cut, to hew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["repose","pedestrian","posture","impulse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"halt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intermission","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"6fcc4206-7456-4caf-bb46-0fcb924f324b","word":"pavilion","definition":"A light, ornamental building or tent, often used for entertainment or exhibitions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pabellón","language_family":"latin","root":"papilionem","root_meaning":"butterfly (referring to the shape of a tent)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plih-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pavilion","meaning":"a light, ornamental building or tent","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pavillon","meaning":"large tent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papilionem","meaning":"butterfly (also a type of tent)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papilio","meaning":"butterfly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (accusative)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["butterfly","papillon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kiosk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canopy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"f8097a4e-c3e1-49cc-a2e7-82a1bc391812","word":"paw","definition":"The foot of an animal with claws or pads.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paw","meaning":"the foot of an animal with claws or pads","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English pawe","meaning":"animal foot","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["paws","pawed","pawing","pawer","pawlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trotter","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"a9c28712-1c8e-4c82-b313-b07088bc6c1a","word":"pawn","definition":"a chess piece of the smallest size and value.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"peón","language_family":"french","root":"pedonem","root_meaning":"foot soldier","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pawn","meaning":"chess piece","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poon, paon","meaning":"foot soldier, pawn","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pedonem","meaning":"foot soldier","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ped-, pes","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pedestrian","biped","expedition","pedal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chessman","formality":"technical"},{"word":"man","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"5e2bf6de-cbec-4a28-a39e-88ced3e75aa6","word":"pay","definition":"To give money or compensation to someone for goods or services.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pagar","language_family":"latin","root":"pacare","root_meaning":"to pacify, appease","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pay","meaning":"to give money for goods or services","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paie","meaning":"payment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to pacify, appease","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*pak-","meaning":"to fasten, fit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["payment","payable","repay","payer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compensate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remunerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"settle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shell out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"0423a65b-ce73-48ca-8fd3-bacbf0663f3d","word":"payable","definition":"Required to be paid; due.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pagable","language_family":"latin","root":"pacare","root_meaning":"to pacify, appease, satisfy (a creditor)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"payable","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paiable","meaning":"that which is to be paid","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"paier","meaning":"to pay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to pacify, appease, satisfy (a creditor)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pax","meaning":"peace","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pag-","meaning":"to fasten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pay","payment","pacific","pacify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"due","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"owing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outstanding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"18eb4d79-6d43-475f-8b2c-680389b3f446","word":"paycheck","definition":"A paycheck is a payment for work, often in the form of a check or salary slip.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"paycheck","meaning":"payment for work, especially a check or wage payment","children":[{"era":"current","word":"pay","meaning":"to give money in return for work, goods, or services","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paier","meaning":"to pacify; satisfy by payment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to pacify, appease","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"check","meaning":"a written order or instrument for payment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cheque","meaning":"a control mark; later a written order for money","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"eschec","meaning":"a check, stop, or countermark","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pay","payment","payday","payroll","check"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remuneration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pay","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"37c59760-f52c-4d36-8ce1-eb33cf1658d2","word":"payday","definition":"The day on which wages are paid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dæg","root_meaning":"day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"payday","meaning":"The day on which wages are paid.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pay","meaning":"to pay","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paier","meaning":"to appease, settle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to appease, settle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"day","meaning":"day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dagaz","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["payment","paid","daily","daylight","payoff"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wage-day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"payroll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salary day","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"f9cff4e2-1928-43f4-ad0c-c2bd095d0de8","word":"payment","definition":"The action of paying money or giving financial compensation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pago","language_family":"latin","root":"pacare","root_meaning":"to pay, pacify, satisfy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"payment","meaning":"action of paying money","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"payment","meaning":"act of paying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paiment","meaning":"payment, satisfaction","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pay","paid","payable","payments"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remittance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"compensation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"b0d21e86-296d-433c-b861-d67bc81cfd1a","word":"payments","definition":"Money or compensation given in exchange for goods, services, or debts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pagos","language_family":"latin","root":"pacare","root_meaning":"to satisfy, appease, or pay","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"payments","meaning":"money given for goods or services","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"payment","meaning":"act of paying or sum paid","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"payer","meaning":"to pay or satisfy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to satisfy, appease, pacify","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pay","paid","payer","payee","repay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remittance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"installment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"035625c8-0d1b-4a1a-8601-8d37bd89a82a","word":"payoff","definition":"A payoff is a payment, reward, or return, especially one obtained after effort or investment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pay off","root_meaning":"to pay completely; settle a debt","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"current","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"payoff","meaning":"a payment, reward, or return","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"pay-off","meaning":"payment in full; reward; return","children":[{"era":"current","word":"pay off","meaning":"to pay completely; settle a debt","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"pay","meaning":"to pay","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"off","meaning":"away; completely","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pay-off","pay off","payoffs","paying off","paid off"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"return","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dividend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"a794aa47-b7a9-4878-b902-b5a63f960e0f","word":"paypal","definition":"A digital payment service that allows users to send and receive money online.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pay + pal","root_meaning":"payment + friend/companion","root_language":"English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"paypal","meaning":"digital payment service","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pay","meaning":"to give money","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1920s","word":"pal","meaning":"friend, companion","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["payment","payee","payer","paid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"payment service","formality":"technical"},{"word":"digital wallet","formality":"technical"},{"word":"money transfer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"electronic payment","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"d5de7626-8e55-4241-adb7-081c055e56a7","word":"pda","definition":"A handheld electronic device with computing capability used for personal information management.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"personal + digital + assistant","root_meaning":"individual + numeric + helper","root_language":"English acronym","root_era":"1980s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s","word":"PDA","meaning":"handheld computing device","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"personal","meaning":"relating to an individual","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"digital","meaning":"relating to numerical digits","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"assistant","meaning":"helper","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["PDA","smartphone","handheld","device"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handheld device","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"palmtop","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"ca67e07f-4590-4a82-bd8d-bd5351f2db3c","word":"pdf","definition":"Portable Document Format, a file format for presenting documents independently of hardware, software, or operating systems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"PDF","meaning":"document format","children":[{"era":"1993","word":"Portable Document Format","meaning":"universal document standard","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["document","format","file","digital"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portable document","formality":"technical"},{"word":"document file","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"7d8203ee-fc46-4a75-879d-79ef1cd330f7","word":"pea","definition":"A small spherical green seed or pod-fruit of the leguminous plant Pisum sativum, widely eaten as a vegetable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"pison","root_meaning":"pea","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pea","meaning":"small green vegetable","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"pese","meaning":"pea (singular, mistaken as plural)","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"peis","meaning":"pea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pisum","meaning":"pea","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"pison","meaning":"pea","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pulse (legume)","peapod","peasoup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legume","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"b604e162-3578-4bfb-9e6d-16b3961b92ea","word":"peace","definition":"A state of freedom from war, conflict, or disturbance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paz","language_family":"latin","root":"pax","root_meaning":"peace, tranquility","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peace","meaning":"freedom from war or conflict","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"peace","meaning":"peace, tranquility","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"pais","meaning":"peace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pax","meaning":"peace, tranquility","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peaceful","peacefully","peacekeeper","peacetime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tranquility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serenity","formality":"literary"},{"word":"ceasefire","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"ff14b58d-e565-4e20-8e9f-1d93e2bfda1a","word":"peaceful","definition":"Free from disturbance; tranquil.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pacífico","language_family":"latin","root":"pacem","root_meaning":"peace","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peaceful","meaning":"calm, tranquil","children":[{"era":"current","word":"peace","meaning":"state of tranquility","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pais","meaning":"peace, reconciliation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacem","meaning":"peace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peace","pacify","pacific","pacifist","appease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tranquil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"serene","formality":"literary"},{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"71a91332-a7e4-431c-8c16-70863a888c6c","word":"peak","definition":"The pointed top of a mountain or the highest point of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pik","root_meaning":"to pierce or point","root_language":"Old English/Middle Dutch","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peak","meaning":"the highest point or summit","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"peke","meaning":"pointed object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pike","meaning":"to pierce","children":[],"language":"Old English/Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peaked","peak-a-boo","apex","pinnacle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apex","formality":"formal"},{"word":"top","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pinnacle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"77da287b-ac1c-464f-b308-81ccfd92bfd1","word":"pear","definition":"A sweet, edible pome fruit with a rounded base and tapering neck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pera","language_family":"latin","root":"pirum","root_meaning":"pear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pear","meaning":"a sweet edible fruit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pere","meaning":"pear","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"pira","meaning":"pears","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pirum","meaning":"pear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pear-shaped","pearwood","peartree","pearmain","pearlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pome","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"e4614230-0a7e-4fcd-87e7-6676c41ac4a2","word":"pearl","definition":"A hard, glistening spherical mass, typically white or bluish-grey, formed within the soft tissue of a living shelled mollusc or another animal, and used as a gem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perla","language_family":"latin","root":"perna","root_meaning":"leg, ham, pearl oyster","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pearl","meaning":"A hard, glistening spherical mass","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"perle","meaning":"pearl","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perna","meaning":"leg, ham, pearl oyster","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pearly","pearler","mother-of-pearl","unpearl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jewel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"42c978ed-e89a-427d-ba38-b91ccd2bf4d3","word":"peasant","definition":"A poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"paisano","language_family":"french","root":"paisant","root_meaning":"countryman","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peasant","meaning":"a poor farmer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"paisant","meaning":"countryman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pagensis","meaning":"belonging to the country","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pagus","meaning":"country district, rural community","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["country","pagan","village","rural","terrain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agrarian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rustic","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"e6c18fe7-2511-4046-98f2-61f101289d1f","word":"peck","definition":"Peck is to strike, pick, or nibble at something with quick, short motions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pekken","root_meaning":"to pick at, strike, or peck","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peck","meaning":"to strike or nibble with short motions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pekken","meaning":"to pick at or strike repeatedly","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pecker","peckish","pecking","pecked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nibble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"e75d4530-5c97-4644-b4ce-0969e978418d","word":"peculiar","definition":"Different from others; special or odd.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"peculiar","language_family":"latin","root":"peculiaris","root_meaning":"of one's own, private property","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peku-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peculiar","meaning":"unusual or strange","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"peculiere","meaning":"personal, private","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"peculiaris","meaning":"of one's own, private","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pecuniary","peculate","peccadillo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"odd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eccentric","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"afc4b6e5-9b8b-4cfb-9f5f-510b759aad95","word":"pedal","definition":"A foot-operated lever, or to operate a device with such a lever.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pedal","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin pedalis","root_meaning":"of the foot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pedal","meaning":"a foot-operated lever","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"French pédale","meaning":"pedal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin pedalis","meaning":"of the foot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin pes","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pedaling","pedaled","pedalboard","pedal-powered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"treadle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"foot lever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foot pedal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"ebc5b70e-4de1-44db-aeb2-792605e74df1","word":"pediatric","definition":"Relating to the branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pediátrico","language_family":"greek","root":"paidos","root_meaning":"child","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pediatric","meaning":"Relating to the branch of medicine dealing with children.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"paidiatrikos","meaning":"pertaining to children's medicine","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"paidos","meaning":"child","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pediatrics","pedagogue","encyclopedia","orthopedics","pediatrician"],"synonyms":[{"word":"child-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juvenile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infantile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"f43a666a-e11d-4bb1-9fd3-06f72fbef2fb","word":"pedophile","definition":"An adult who experiences sexual attraction to prepubescent children.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pedófilo","language_family":"greek","root":"pais + philos","root_meaning":"child + loving or fond of","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pedophile","meaning":"adult sexually attracted to children","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"paedophile","meaning":"coined from Greek elements; earlier British spelling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pais (gen. paidos) + philos","meaning":"child + loving, fond","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*pau-","meaning":"few, little, young","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin / British English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pedophilia","pediatrics","pedagogy","encyclopedia","ephebophile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paedophile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pederast","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"child molester","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"bfa1aa9a-485d-4899-a818-815ddbe8ba18","word":"pee","definition":"To urinate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":"onomatopoeic","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pee","meaning":"to urinate","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"piss","meaning":"to urinate","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"pissier","meaning":"to urinate","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["piss","piddle","urine","micturate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"urinate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tinkle","formality":"informal"},{"word":"micturate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"0c1fa02e-f58e-4d41-b18e-aae06f5a27ef","word":"peek","definition":"Look quickly or furtively.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pik","root_meaning":"to peer, glance","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peek","meaning":"look quickly","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pyke","meaning":"to peer, glance","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peep","poke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glimpse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snoop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"0fb0cb89-1278-4834-b142-d334ffeeb9a4","word":"peel","definition":"To remove the outer covering or skin from something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pelar","language_family":"latin","root":"pilāre","root_meaning":"to pluck hair, to make bald","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peel","meaning":"to remove the outer layer","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pelen","meaning":"to strip, to skin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"peler","meaning":"to skin, to flay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pilāre","meaning":"to pluck hair","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peeling","peeler","pillage","pelt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flake","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"21d45d93-f845-4936-b698-b9f5575a0c1f","word":"peep","definition":"To look quickly and secretively through a small opening or at something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pepen","root_meaning":"to look furtively, bird's cry","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peep","meaning":"to look quickly","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"pepen","meaning":"to look furtively; also imitative of bird's cry","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peek","glance","spy","glimpse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"cddd410b-dfcc-4d26-89e9-3ab7e7ec18b8","word":"peg","definition":"A short cylindrical piece of wood or metal used for fastening, hanging, or marking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pegge","root_meaning":"wooden pin","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peg","meaning":"wooden pin","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pegge","meaning":"wooden pin","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"peg","meaning":"wooden pin","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peggy","pegged","pegboard","clothespeg"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dowel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"95e16e8d-1cf3-4b0b-bbf4-36f66a876917","word":"pelvis","definition":"The basin-shaped bony structure at the base of the spine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pelvis","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin pelvis","root_meaning":"basin","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pelvis","meaning":"the basin-shaped bony structure at the base of the spine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin pelvis","meaning":"basin","children":[{"era":"pre-classical","word":"Old Latin pēluis","meaning":"basin","children":[],"language":"Old Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pelvic","pelvises","pelves","pelvimetry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hipbone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pelvic girdle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pelvic ring","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"d480cdce-25ec-4aac-9c68-8bef067a6467","word":"pen","definition":"An instrument for writing or drawing with ink.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"penna","root_meaning":"feather, quill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical Latin","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pen","meaning":"writing instrument","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"penne","meaning":"feather","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"penna","meaning":"feather, quill","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feather","pennant","pinnacle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quill","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"writing tool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stylus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"97ca88b9-e1f7-4533-a78a-46788530496c","word":"penal","definition":"Relating to punishment or penalties.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"penal","language_family":"latin","root":"ποινή","root_meaning":"punishment","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷoynéh₂","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penal","meaning":"relating to punishment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"penalis","meaning":"relating to punishment","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"peinal","meaning":"penal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poenalis","meaning":"relating to punishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"punishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ποινή","meaning":"punishment","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penalty","penitentiary","punitive","punishable","punitory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"punitive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"punishable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"punitory","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"b7eab9d3-dbe0-4043-858c-8dd0b8f98f8f","word":"penalty","definition":"A punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"penalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"poena","root_meaning":"punishment, fine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷoi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penalty","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"penalty","meaning":"punishment, fine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penal","meaning":"relating to punishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"punishment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penal","penalize","pain","subpoena"],"synonyms":[{"word":"punishment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"991d4d04-26e8-487f-8fbb-84293d9eb1d7","word":"pencil","definition":"An instrument for writing or drawing with graphite or other pigment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pincel","language_family":"latin","root":"penicillus","root_meaning":"little tail, painter's brush","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pencil","meaning":"writing instrument","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pincel","meaning":"small brush","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penicillus","meaning":"painter's brush, little tail (dim. of penis 'tail')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penis","meaning":"tail","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penile","penicillate","paintbrush","tail","penis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crayon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stylus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lead","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"b7daaf8f-bdc9-42d8-b7a0-909299c91bd6","word":"pendant","definition":"A piece of jewellery that hangs from a chain worn around the neck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pendiente","language_family":"french","root":"pendre","root_meaning":"to hang","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pendant","meaning":"A piece of jewellery that hangs from a chain worn around the neck.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pendre","meaning":"to hang","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pendere","meaning":"to hang","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pendulum","dependent","appendix","suspend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"locket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amulet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"b6a863c5-0cde-43c0-99bd-b64ade0336ac","word":"pending","definition":"Awaiting decision or settlement; about to happen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pendiente","language_family":"latin","root":"pendere","root_meaning":"to hang","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pending","meaning":"awaiting decision","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"pendant","meaning":"hanging, depending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pendens","meaning":"hanging, impending (present participle of pendere)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pendant","pendulum","suspend","impending","dependent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unresolved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upcoming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awaiting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"69db6308-00e1-4d76-bbde-21c1183cc783","word":"penetrate","definition":"To enter, pierce, or force a way into something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"penetrar","language_family":"latin","root":"penētrō","root_meaning":"to enter, pierce, or pass within","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penetrate","meaning":"to enter, pierce, or force a way into something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penētrātus","meaning":"entered, penetrated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penētrō","meaning":"to enter, pierce, or pass within","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penes + intrō","meaning":"within + to enter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penetration","penetrable","impenetrable","penetrating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perforate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"breach","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"b5dccf87-d757-4008-a58b-5e85fb3e1ae3","word":"penetration","definition":"The action or process of entering or forcing a way into something, or the extent to which this occurs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"penetración","language_family":"latin","root":"penetrare","root_meaning":"to put, to place within, to enter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penetration","meaning":"The act of entering or forcing a way into something.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"penetration","meaning":"penetration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penetratio","meaning":"a penetrating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penetrare","meaning":"to put, place within, enter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penetrate","penetrable","impenetrable","penumbra","entry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insertion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infiltration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"access","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"e21dcc83-fa90-4a54-9f26-55a0e347b614","word":"penguin","definition":"A flightless aquatic bird found in the Southern Hemisphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pingüino","language_family":"other","root":"pen gwyn","root_meaning":"white head","root_language":"Welsh","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penguin","meaning":"A flightless aquatic bird","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"penguin","meaning":"a type of bird","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pen gwyn","meaning":"white head (referring to the great auk)","children":[],"language":"Welsh"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["auk","bird","flightless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seabird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diving bird","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"0bbdbbe1-990e-4ce3-ae06-8cf135e00ce9","word":"peninsula","definition":"A piece of land almost surrounded by water but connected to the mainland on one side.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"península","language_family":"latin","root":"paeninsula","root_meaning":"almost island","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peninsula","meaning":"land almost surrounded by water","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paeninsula","meaning":"almost island","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paene","meaning":"almost","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"insula","meaning":"island","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["insular","insulate","isolate","island","penumbra","penultimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promontory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"headland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"5182d530-52ab-492c-902a-22274b28abda","word":"penis","definition":"The external male sexual organ, involved in urination and sexual intercourse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pene","language_family":"latin","root":"penis","root_meaning":"tail, male sexual organ","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penis","meaning":"The external male sexual organ.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"penis","meaning":"The male sexual organ.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penis","meaning":"tail, male sexual organ","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pes-","meaning":"penis","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penile","pencil","pessary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"phallus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cock","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"501cedfe-ab6a-43d6-8a32-e8631bff7428","word":"penitentiary","definition":"A prison, especially one for serious offenders.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"penitenciario","language_family":"latin","root":"paenitēre","root_meaning":"to cause regret, repent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penitentiary","meaning":"a prison for serious offenders","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"penitentiary","meaning":"pertaining to repentance or penance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paenitēre","meaning":"to cause regret, feel remorse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penitent","penitence","penitential","repent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correctional facility","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"76096c94-7c20-4136-a554-dee7d0218621","word":"penniless","definition":"Having no money; destitute.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"penig","root_meaning":"penny; a small coin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penniless","meaning":"having no money","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"penny","meaning":"a small coin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"penig","meaning":"penny, small coin","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penny","pence","pennilessness","pennilessly","pennyless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destitute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impoverished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"broke","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"914b0147-5a9c-4a51-9173-e8c14d03baac","word":"pennsylvania","definition":"A state in the northeastern United States named after William Penn and the Latin word for forest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"sylva","root_meaning":"forest or wood","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Pennsylvania","meaning":"U.S. state","children":[{"era":"1681","word":"Penn + sylvania","meaning":"Penn's forest","children":[{"era":"1681","word":"William Penn","meaning":"proper name","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical","word":"silva","meaning":"forest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Pennsylvanian","Penn","sylvan","silva"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Keystone State","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"PA","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"edeae533-762b-4e67-af65-797c90faa8ee","word":"penny","definition":"A small unit of currency, historically a coin of low value.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pening","root_meaning":"penny","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*panningaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penny","meaning":"coin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"penie","meaning":"penny","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pening","meaning":"penny","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*panningaz","meaning":"penny","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pence","penknife","penniless","pennant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mite","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"128b3709-969b-4308-bb14-ea67ae062781","word":"pension","definition":"A regular payment made during a person's retirement from an investment fund or previous employer's contributions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pensión","language_family":"latin","root":"pensio","root_meaning":"a payment, a weighing out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pension","meaning":"a regular payment during retirement","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"pension","meaning":"payment, rent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pensio","meaning":"payment, rent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pensio","meaning":"a payment, a weighing out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pendere","meaning":"to weigh, hang, pay","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*spend-","meaning":"to make an offering, perform a rite; to give, provide, achieve","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pensive","compensate","expend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annuity","formality":"technical"},{"word":"superannuation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"retirement fund","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"526862e9-42f4-440d-a3fa-cf2c148dc0ce","word":"pentagon","definition":"A plane figure with five straight sides and five angles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pentágono","language_family":"greek","root":"pentagonon","root_meaning":"five-angled","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"pentágōnon (πεντάγωνον)","meaning":"Five-angled. From pente (five) + gōnia (angle).","children":[{"era":"1560s","word":"pentagon","meaning":"A five-sided shape.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"pentágono","meaning":"Pentagon.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["pentagonal","hexagon","polygon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"five-sided figure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"polygon","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"96a9eb31-42a4-485a-a835-224b023da699","word":"penthouse","definition":"A top-floor apartment or suite in a building, especially one set back from the outer walls.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pentiz","root_meaning":"lean-to; pentice","root_language":"Anglo-Norman","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"penthouse","meaning":"top-floor apartment or suite in a building","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pentiz","meaning":"pentice; lean-to structure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"apendiz","meaning":"appentice; appended lean-to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"appendō","meaning":"to append; hang upon","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pentice","apentice","appentice","penthouse suite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"top-floor apartment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"top-floor flat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"luxury apartment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"51e99710-e8c2-4928-a68a-cc4193722aa7","word":"people","definition":"Human beings collectively or in groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pueblo","language_family":"latin","root":"populus","root_meaning":"nation, multitude, people","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"people","meaning":"human beings collectively","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"peple","meaning":"people, nation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"peuple","meaning":"people, nation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"populus","meaning":"nation, multitude, people","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["populate","population","popular","populace","pueblo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persons","formality":"formal"},{"word":"folk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humanity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"masses","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"58ca1e45-e3da-488c-8c00-97dc41363a58","word":"pepper","definition":"A pungent, hot-tasting powder prepared from dried and ground peppercorns, used as a spice or condiment to flavor food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"piper","root_meaning":"pepper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pepo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pepper","meaning":"A pungent spice.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"peper","meaning":"pepper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"piper","meaning":"pepper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"peperi","meaning":"pepper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pippali","meaning":"long pepper","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peppery","peppercorn","bell pepper","jalapeno","salt-and-pepper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seasoning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condiment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"a9185ff9-e018-400a-b86b-6c5f14035942","word":"pepperoni","definition":"Pepperoni is a spicy, cured salami-style sausage, especially the pizza topping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"piper","root_meaning":"pepper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pepperoni","meaning":"spicy salami-style sausage","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"peperoni","meaning":"bell peppers; the plural of peperone","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"peperone","meaning":"bell pepper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"piper","meaning":"pepper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pepper","peppery","peppercorn","pepperoncini","peperone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"salami","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sausage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cured sausage","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"274c7fa1-ab41-43a1-9173-94bb5013441e","word":"per","definition":"For each; for every; by means of.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"por","language_family":"latin","root":"per","root_meaning":"through, by, for","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- (forward, through)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"per","meaning":"for each, by means of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per","meaning":"through, by, for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perhaps","permit","person","perfect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"each","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"by","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"77e50138-2eab-4ea8-94f4-2b6c0e4582c2","word":"perceive","definition":"To become aware or conscious of something; to come to realize or understand.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"percibir","language_family":"latin","root":"percipere","root_meaning":"to seize, understand, feel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perceive","meaning":"to become aware","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"percevoir","meaning":"to observe, understand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"percipere","meaning":"to seize, obtain, feel, understand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["capture","conceive","receive","deception","inception","recipient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discern","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apprehend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recognize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"3051b3fd-c7ff-4bf6-bc00-196e85a7e20b","word":"percent","definition":"One part in every hundred of a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"por ciento","language_family":"latin","root":"per centum","root_meaning":"by the hundred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"percent","meaning":"one part in every hundred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per centum","meaning":"by the hundred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per","meaning":"by, through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"centum","meaning":"hundred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["percentage","percentile","cent","century","centimeter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proportion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"share","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fraction","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"dc80246f-7622-4b96-bf92-08d9deaee3cb","word":"percentage","definition":"A rate, number, or amount in each hundred.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"porcentaje","language_family":"latin","root":"per centum","root_meaning":"by the hundred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"percentage","meaning":"a proportion per hundred","children":[{"era":"current","word":"percent","meaning":"per hundred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per centum","meaning":"by the hundred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per","meaning":"through, by","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"centum","meaning":"hundred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-age","meaning":"suffix denoting collection or action","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cent","century","percentile","percent","centigrade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proportion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"share","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ratio","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fraction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"ef278fc1-73f9-485f-8da4-f5d3e1b44f70","word":"perception","definition":"The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses; the way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"percepción","language_family":"latin","root":"perceptio","root_meaning":"a taking, receiving, understanding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perception","meaning":"Awareness through senses","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"perception","meaning":"understanding, apprehension","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perceptio","meaning":"a taking, receiving, understanding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"percipere","meaning":"to seize, understand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perceive","perceptible","perceptive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awareness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"9f4b9688-2089-4a00-a226-d3f6e73aaa44","word":"perfect","definition":"Without flaws, defects, or shortcomings; complete and accurate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"perfecto","language_family":"latin","root":"perfectus","root_meaning":"completed, finished","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-fac-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perfect","meaning":"without flaws or defects","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"perfect","meaning":"complete, finished","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perfectus","meaning":"completed, brought to an end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per + facere","meaning":"to make thoroughly, accomplish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perfection","perfectly","perfectible","imperfect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flawless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ideal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unblemished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consummate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"be57bef4-15ea-4171-851d-c4b355a1af75","word":"perfection","definition":"The state, condition, or quality of being free or as free as possible from all flaws or defects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perfección","language_family":"french","root":"perfectio","root_meaning":"completion, accomplishment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*fag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perfection","meaning":"the state of being perfect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"perfection","meaning":"perfection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perfectiōnem","meaning":"completion, accomplishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perficere","meaning":"to accomplish, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perfect","perfectible","perfectly","imperfect","perfectionist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faultlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flawlessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excellence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ideal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"5e7655a0-14a2-4cd7-a136-59323927c655","word":"perfectly","definition":"In a manner that is completely accurate, flawless, or ideal.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"perfectamente","language_family":"latin","root":"perfectus","root_meaning":"completed, finished, made thoroughly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perfectly","meaning":"in a flawless or complete manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"perfect","meaning":"complete, without flaw","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"parfit / parfait","meaning":"complete, accomplished","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perfectus","meaning":"completed, made throughout","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perficere","meaning":"to complete (per- + facere: to do thoroughly)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perfect","perfection","imperfect","imperfectly","perfectionist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flawlessly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ideally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excellently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consummately","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"c205c2f4-ae89-4cf7-af95-cc76997e3ef4","word":"perform","definition":"To carry out, execute, or present an action, task, or entertainment to an audience.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"performar","language_family":"latin","root":"performare","root_meaning":"to carry out, accomplish, complete","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perform","meaning":"carry out or present an action","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"performer","meaning":"one who carries out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"performer","meaning":"to accomplish, complete","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"performare","meaning":"to carry out thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["performance","performer","performing","performed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"execute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conduct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"present","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"act","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"3307a1c0-d4d2-45f2-b3e0-74931a6c9936","word":"performance","definition":"An act or process of performing a task or an entertainment presented before an audience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"performance","language_family":"french","root":"performer","root_meaning":"to do, to accomplish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"performance","meaning":"execution of an action or entertainment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"performance","meaning":"an accomplishment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"performer","meaning":"to do, carry out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"par- + fourmir","meaning":"to complete, furnish","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perform","performer","performance art","performative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"execution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"presentation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"act","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.877Z"}
{"id":"13be0c34-d381-4007-bd89-344b577483a9","word":"performed","definition":"Carried out or executed an action, task, or presentation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"performado","language_family":"french","root":"perfournir","root_meaning":"to furnish completely","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"performed","meaning":"executed or carried out","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"perform","meaning":"to carry out, complete","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"perfournir","meaning":"to furnish completely; per- + fournir","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perform","performance","performer","performing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"executed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"carried out","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"completed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"0f019255-d9be-4c83-8a7b-847f79a90709","word":"performer","definition":"A person who entertains an audience, especially professionally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ejecutante","language_family":"french","root":"performer","root_meaning":"to carry out, to accomplish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"performer","meaning":"a person who performs","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"perform","meaning":"to carry out","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"performer","meaning":"to accomplish, to perform","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"performare","meaning":"to form completely, to carry out","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perform","performance","performing","formation","reformer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"actor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entertainer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"c41b7e57-b1b3-42a9-b94b-75aef42f6f69","word":"perfume","definition":"A fragrant liquid typically made from essential oils extracted from flowers and spices, used to give a pleasant smell to one's body or clothes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perfume","language_family":"latin","root":"perfumare","root_meaning":"to fill with smoke, to fumigate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perfume","meaning":"fragrant liquid","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"parfum","meaning":"perfume","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perfumare","meaning":"to fill with smoke, to fumigate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fumigate","fume","fragrance","scent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aroma","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"00f26cbc-1f29-4185-ad6c-c0778b71613f","word":"perhaps","definition":"Possibly or maybe; expressing uncertainty about something.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hap","root_meaning":"chance, fortune, luck","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perhaps","meaning":"possibly, maybe","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"perhaps","meaning":"by chance, possibly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"per + hap","meaning":"by chance","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"happ","meaning":"chance, luck, fortune","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["happen","happy","hap","hapless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maybe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"possibly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perchance","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"conceivably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"fd3c5496-1640-411c-9ef6-bd4fe3bf171d","word":"perimeter","definition":"The continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure or an area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perímetro","language_family":"greek","root":"περίμετρος (perimetros)","root_meaning":"circumference, measure around","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perimeter","meaning":"boundary line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perimētron","meaning":"circumference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"περίμετρος (perimetros)","meaning":"circumference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"περί (peri)","meaning":"around","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"μέτρον (metron)","meaning":"measure","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["periphery","meter","parameter","geometry","periscope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boundary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circumference","formality":"technical"},{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"048df094-00ac-406c-8201-7c78143e4b73","word":"period","definition":"A length of time with defined beginning and end.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"período","language_family":"greek","root":"periodos","root_meaning":"going around, cycle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"period","meaning":"length of time","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"periode","meaning":"interval of time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"periodos","meaning":"going around, cycle","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["periodic","periodical","perimeter","periphery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interval","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"epoch","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"3b572660-4355-450f-964f-7097bed755ba","word":"periodic","definition":"Appearing or occurring at intervals.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"periódico","language_family":"greek","root":"periodos","root_meaning":"a going around, circuit, path","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"periodic","meaning":"Appearing or occurring at intervals","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"périodique","meaning":"periodic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"periodicus","meaning":"of a period","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"periodos","meaning":"circuit, path, a going around","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["period","periodical","periodicity","periscope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intermittent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cyclic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"recurring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"812edad9-1697-4302-9345-627bbb003ecc","word":"periodical","definition":"A magazine or journal published at regular intervals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"periódico","language_family":"greek","root":"periodikos","root_meaning":"recurring at intervals","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"periodos","meaning":"A going around, circuit.","children":[{"era":"~400 AD","word":"periodicus","meaning":"Recurring at intervals.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"periodical","meaning":"Published at regular intervals.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"periódico","meaning":"Periodical, newspaper.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["period","periodic","periodically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"magazine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mag","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"4f145fac-9b52-403c-9fc0-c62e583f1b87","word":"peripheral","definition":"Relating to or situated on the edge or periphery of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"periférico","language_family":"greek","root":"peripheria","root_meaning":"circumference, outer surface","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peripheral","meaning":"on the edge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"peripheria","meaning":"circumference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"peripheria","meaning":"circumference, outer surface","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["periphery","perimeter","periscope","perigee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marginal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secondary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"e00e4dfd-c2c1-40d0-aa8e-184f26cd1639","word":"perish","definition":"To die, especially in a violent or sudden way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"perecer","language_family":"latin","root":"perīre","root_meaning":"to die, pass away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perish","meaning":"To die","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perīre","meaning":"to die, pass away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"through, utterly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"īre","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perishable","imperishable","perishing","transitory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"die","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"succumb","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"f343210d-41f4-4777-93a9-c216b68a135c","word":"perjury","definition":"The crime of deliberately lying while under oath.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perjurio","language_family":"latin","root":"periurium","root_meaning":"false oath","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perjury","meaning":"the crime of deliberately lying while under oath","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"perjurie","meaning":"false oath; perjury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"periurium","meaning":"false oath","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perjure","perjurer","perjurious","perjured"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oathbreaking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"false swearing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lying under oath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"f3b464cc-c6ea-4780-9dfb-59c6ccd45c34","word":"perk","definition":"An extra benefit or advantage, especially one provided by a job.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"perquirere","root_meaning":"to seek thoroughly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perk","meaning":"an extra benefit or advantage","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"perquisite","meaning":"an allowance, extra benefit, or privilege","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perquirere","meaning":"to seek thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perquisite","perq","perquisition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"benefit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bonus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fringe benefit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"36abfb41-7075-4c42-8f81-b6ee24bfefd2","word":"permalink","definition":"A permanent URL link to a specific web page or article that does not change over time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"permanent + link","root_meaning":"lasting, enduring + connection","root_language":"Latin and Germanic","root_era":"modern","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"permalink","meaning":"permanent web link","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"permanent","meaning":"lasting, enduring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"permanere","meaning":"to remain, endure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"link","meaning":"connection, bond","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["permanent","link","URL","hyperlink","web"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permanent URL","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stable link","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"4aa9e7b0-83ff-4a1c-bc83-ecfa89d734cd","word":"permanent","definition":"Lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"permanente","language_family":"latin","root":"permanere","root_meaning":"to remain throughout","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"permanent","meaning":"lasting indefinitely","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"permanent","meaning":"lasting, enduring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"permanens","meaning":"lasting, remaining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"permanere","meaning":"to remain throughout","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["permanence","permanently","impermanent","remain","mansion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enduring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lasting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eternal","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"a1e576ba-4a13-405c-ade4-e95b91672710","word":"permission","definition":"Formal authorization or consent granted by someone in authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"permiso","language_family":"latin","root":"permittere","root_meaning":"to allow or let through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"permission","meaning":"formal authorization","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"permission","meaning":"act of permitting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"permissio","meaning":"allowance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"permittere","meaning":"to allow or permit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["permit","permissible","permissive","permittee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authorization","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"approval","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clearance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"a2808ea6-f265-4ee4-bf39-8c8f03e06913","word":"permit","definition":"An official document or license granting permission to do something, or the verb meaning to allow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"permiso","language_family":"latin","root":"permittere","root_meaning":"to let through, allow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"permit","meaning":"license or to allow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"permit","meaning":"to allow, to grant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"permitter","meaning":"to allow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"permittere","meaning":"to let through, allow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["permission","permissible","permissive","permitted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"license","formality":"formal"},{"word":"allow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authorization","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"1734a397-76ea-4e78-be24-5877758e8e7b","word":"perp","definition":"A slang term for a suspected criminal or perpetrator.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"perpetrāre","root_meaning":"to carry through, accomplish, commit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perp","meaning":"slang for perpetrator","children":[{"era":"Modern English","word":"perpetrator","meaning":"one who perpetrates a crime or act","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perpetrāre","meaning":"to carry through, commit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perpetrate","perpetrator","perpetration","perpetrable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"criminal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"culprit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offender","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"b766dc3d-f9f0-47a1-a257-5aadc568610a","word":"perpetrator","definition":"A perpetrator is a person who carries out a harmful act or crime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perpetrador","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin perpatrare","root_meaning":"to accomplish, carry through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perpetrator","meaning":"a person who carries out a harmful act or crime","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin perpetrator","meaning":"one who accomplishes or carries through","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin perpatrare","meaning":"to accomplish, carry through","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"through, thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"patrare","meaning":"to accomplish, bring about","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perpetrate","perpetration","perpetrated","perpetrating","perpetratorial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"culprit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrongdoer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"6153c943-1100-48a7-884c-9cf66c69c7b0","word":"perpetual","definition":"Perpetual means continuing without interruption or end.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"perpetuo","language_family":"latin","root":"perpetuus","root_meaning":"continuous, unbroken, everlasting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perpetual","meaning":"continuing without interruption or end","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"perpetuel","meaning":"perpetual","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"perpetuel","meaning":"perpetual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perpetuālis","meaning":"universal; perpetual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perpetuus","meaning":"continuous; unbroken","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perpetuity","perpetuate","perpetuality","perpetually","perpetualness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"everlasting","formality":"literary"},{"word":"continual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"8de512c9-4e48-4f13-81b3-a88de739fd6a","word":"perry","definition":"An alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perada","language_family":"french","root":"poire","root_meaning":"pear","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perry","meaning":"pear cider","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"perry","meaning":"pear cider","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"poire","meaning":"pear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pirum","meaning":"pear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pear","piriform","pere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pear cider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poire","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"4ebdf40a-d292-4062-a04d-8c17e7fe1188","word":"persecute","definition":"to harass, oppress, or punish someone repeatedly or unjustly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"perseguir","language_family":"latin","root":"persequi","root_meaning":"to pursue, follow after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persecute","meaning":"to harass, oppress, or punish someone repeatedly or unjustly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persequi","meaning":"to pursue, follow after","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"through, thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["persecution","persecutor","persecutory","persecuted","persecuting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oppress","formality":"formal"},{"word":"torment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"bea48594-223b-4cc0-924e-971c0461ed83","word":"persecution","definition":"Persecution is the cruel or unfair treatment of people, often because of their beliefs or identity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"persecución","language_family":"latin","root":"persequi","root_meaning":"to pursue; follow through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persecution","meaning":"cruel or unfair treatment, especially for beliefs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persecutio","meaning":"a pursuing; hostile pursuit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persequi","meaning":"to pursue; follow closely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["persecute","persecutor","persecutory","persecuting","persecuted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oppression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"harassment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"victimization","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"98b62e47-26da-4f47-95e9-18a411b6d054","word":"persian","definition":"Relating to ancient Persia or modern Iran, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"persa","language_family":"greek","root":"Persis","root_meaning":"the land of Persis","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*parsā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persian","meaning":"of Persia/Iran","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Persianus","meaning":"of Persia","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Persis","meaning":"the land of Persis","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Parsā","meaning":"Persia","children":[],"language":"Old Persian"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Persia","Farsi","Persepolis","Parsi"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Iranian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Zoroastrian","formality":"historical"},{"word":"Achaemenid","formality":"historical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"ab5b2dca-2e8a-4962-8d82-b902aaa3bf97","word":"persistent","definition":"Continuing firmly or obstinately in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"persistente","language_family":"latin","root":"persistere","root_meaning":"to stand firm, abide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persistent","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persistere","meaning":"to stand firm, abide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sistere","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["persist","persistence","insist","consist","resistant","subsist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tenacious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unyielding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"7adbfff4-b7a1-46ce-ab36-59520a36baae","word":"person","definition":"A human being or individual.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"persona","language_family":"latin","root":"persōna","root_meaning":"mask, character in a play, human being","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"person","meaning":"a human being","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"persone","meaning":"human being, character","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persōna","meaning":"mask, character, human being","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["personal","personality","personage","impersonate","persona"],"synonyms":[{"word":"individual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"human","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"being","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"db0e50e4-5117-4dfe-80fd-669a780a9b61","word":"persona","definition":"The outward character or role that a person presents to others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"persona","language_family":"latin","root":"persona","root_meaning":"mask worn by actor, character in a play, person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persona","meaning":"outward character presented to others","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persona","meaning":"mask, character in a play, person","children":[{"era":"pre-classical","word":"phersu","meaning":"masked figure","children":[],"language":"Etruscan"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["person","personal","personality","personify","impersonate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"identity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facade","formality":"formal"},{"word":"role","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"697737e8-0bcb-432a-8781-17ae688e124e","word":"personal","definition":"Relating to or belonging to a particular person rather than to anyone else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"personal","language_family":"latin","root":"personalis","root_meaning":"of or belonging to a person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"personal","meaning":"relating to a particular person","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"personal","meaning":"relating to a person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"personalis","meaning":"of or belonging to a person","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["person","personality","personify","personally","personage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intimate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subjective","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.215Z"}
{"id":"2292fc11-0dfe-486f-aa7d-211c4e05a054","word":"personality","definition":"The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinct character.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"personalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"persona","root_meaning":"mask, character, person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"personality","meaning":"The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinct character.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"personalité","meaning":"quality of being a person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"personalitas","meaning":"personality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persona","meaning":"mask, character, person","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["person","personal","impersonate","personify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"temperament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disposition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individuality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"86beffe9-3165-496f-b358-097d0667c9a6","word":"personalize","definition":"To make something individual or specific to a person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"personalizar","language_family":"latin","root":"persona","root_meaning":"mask, character, person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"personalize","meaning":"to make personal","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"personal","meaning":"relating to a person","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"personalis","meaning":"of a person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persona","meaning":"mask, character, person","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["person","personal","personality","impersonate","personify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"customize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tailor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individualize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"fde70805-9af8-4ba2-8bd6-9e1b9ccee210","word":"personally","definition":"In person; as regards oneself; in a personal manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"personalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"persona","root_meaning":"mask, character, person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"personally","meaning":"in person; for one's own part","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"personal","meaning":"of or belonging to a person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"personalis","meaning":"relating to a person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persona","meaning":"mask, character, person","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["personal","person","persona","personality","personalize","impersonal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"individually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"privately","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subjectively","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"3bce7fad-08e9-48a4-8112-df2dfa23c207","word":"personals","definition":"Advertisements or announcements in a newspaper or on a website, typically seeking or offering romantic relationships or sexual encounters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"personales","language_family":"latin","root":"personalis","root_meaning":"pertaining to a person","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"400s","proto_root":"*pers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"personals","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"personal","meaning":"pertaining to a person","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"personalis","meaning":"pertaining to a person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persona","meaning":"mask, character, person","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*pers-","meaning":"to spray, to scatter (possible link to 'face' via mask)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["person","personality","impersonal","personify","personnel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dating ads","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classifieds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"romance ads","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"introductions","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"2fc4cc39-cd85-4e07-8c7f-a1c58e414ef1","word":"personnel","definition":"The employees or members of an organization or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"personal","language_family":"latin","root":"personalis","root_meaning":"relating to a person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"personnel","meaning":"employees or members","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"personnel","meaning":"personnel, staff","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"personnél","meaning":"personal or relating to persons","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"personalis","meaning":"relating to a person","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["person","personal","personalize","impersonal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"staff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"employees","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"workforce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"members","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"c221b65b-67c9-455c-bb1c-110cdf03321f","word":"persons","definition":"Plural of person; individual human beings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"personas","language_family":"latin","root":"persona","root_meaning":"human being, character in a play","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persons","meaning":"human individuals","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"person","meaning":"human being","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persona","meaning":"human being, theatrical mask","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"personare","meaning":"to sound through","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["person","personal","personality","personage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"individuals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humans","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"066ce59c-4b34-4c9f-9594-30700c13cfa5","word":"perspective","definition":"A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perspectiva","language_family":"latin","root":"perspicere","root_meaning":"to look through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perspective","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th C.","word":"perspectiva","meaning":"science of optics","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"perspectivus","meaning":"of sight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"perspicere","meaning":"to look through","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prospect","inspect","spectacle","species"],"synonyms":[{"word":"viewpoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"angle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"b9cdfb7d-5e76-4bb2-a329-d16e4860046e","word":"persuade","definition":"To induce someone to do something through reasoning or argument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"persuadir","language_family":"latin","root":"persuadere","root_meaning":"to advise thoroughly, convince","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persuade","meaning":"To induce someone to do something through reasoning or argument.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persuadere","meaning":"to advise thoroughly, convince","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"suadere","meaning":"to advise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["persuasion","persuasive","dissuade","suasion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convince","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"induce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"influence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sway","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"cd11231a-91e8-4c7d-a6f6-2a18d1869faa","word":"persuasion","definition":"The act of persuading someone to believe or do something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"persuasión","language_family":"latin","root":"persuāsiō","root_meaning":"persuasion; convincing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sweh₂d-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persuasion","meaning":"the act of persuading","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"persuasion","meaning":"persuasion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persuāsiō","meaning":"persuasion; convincing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persuādēre","meaning":"to persuade","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suādēre","meaning":"to advise, recommend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["persuade","persuasive","persuader","suasion","dissuade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suasion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"influence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cajolery","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"f29d7685-5359-4678-94c1-a423e281481e","word":"persuasive","definition":"Able to convince others by reasoning, emotion, or appeal.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"persuasivo","language_family":"latin","root":"persuadere","root_meaning":"to persuade","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"persuasive","meaning":"able to convince or influence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"persuasif","meaning":"persuasive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"persuadere","meaning":"to persuade","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["persuade","persuasion","persuasively","persuasiveness","persuader"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convincing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"influential","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"51a236b2-8e59-412c-ae0c-c4ddaaf697db","word":"perv","definition":"A slang shortening of pervert, especially a sexually lewd person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pervertir","language_family":"latin","root":"pervertere","root_meaning":"to turn around; corrupt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"perv","meaning":"a slang term for a sexual pervert","children":[{"era":"1660s","word":"pervert","meaning":"to turn aside from what is proper; a sexually deviant person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pervertere","meaning":"to turn around, turn aside, corrupt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pervert","perversion","perverted","perversity","pervertible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pervert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lecher","formality":"informal"},{"word":"voyeur","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"45fd2763-0697-4c74-a5ac-b650b3b96c64","word":"pervert","definition":"A person whose sexual behavior deviates from what is considered normal or acceptable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pervertir","language_family":"latin","root":"pervertere","root_meaning":"to turn the wrong way, overthrow, corrupt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pervert","meaning":"person with deviant sexual behavior","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pervert","meaning":"to turn from truth/right (verb)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pervertere","meaning":"to turn the wrong way, overthrow, corrupt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*wert-","meaning":"to turn, wind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perversion","invert","revert","subvert","convert","divert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deviant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"degenerate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reprobate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"miscreant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"a41de59b-2d20-4211-9e8a-a52fe2fa531f","word":"peso","definition":"A Spanish coin or monetary unit used in several countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"peso","language_family":"latin","root":"pensum","root_meaning":"a weighed thing; weight","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":"*(s)pen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"peso","meaning":"a Spanish coin or monetary unit","children":[{"era":"1550s","word":"peso","meaning":"a weight; a coin","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"pensum","meaning":"something weighed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pendere","meaning":"to weigh; to hang; to pay","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*(s)pen-","meaning":"to draw, stretch, spin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pend","pendant","pendulum","pension","poise","spend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dollar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"currency","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"8f85cf5a-ed66-4f92-9001-2941354d6140","word":"pest","definition":"A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, or livestock.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"peste","language_family":"latin","root":"pestis","root_meaning":"plague, deadly contagious disease","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pest","meaning":"destructive organism","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"peste","meaning":"plague, pestilence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pestis","meaning":"plague, disease","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pestilence","pester","pesticide","fester"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nuisance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bother","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vermin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"2224766d-025b-4339-8185-d8d50784e57b","word":"pet","definition":"A domesticated animal kept for companionship or pleasure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Middle English pette","root_meaning":"spoiled child or pet animal","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pet","meaning":"a domesticated animal companion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pet","meaning":"a spoiled child or animal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pette","meaning":"origin uncertain, possibly related to Celtic or Scandinavian","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["petty","petting","pet-name","beloved","favorite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"animal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"companion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beast","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"4852a83b-2f46-4e21-be7d-5a010dda7a43","word":"peter","definition":"To gradually decline or fade away, often used as 'peter out'.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1850s","word":"peter out","meaning":"to gradually fail or end","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"peter","meaning":"to diminish gradually","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"American English"},"related_words":["peter out","petered","petering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fizzle","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dwindle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taper","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"f95ac1cd-5127-4e48-902f-b670d74d59c7","word":"petition","definition":"A formal written request, typically signed by many people, appealing to authority with respect to a particular cause.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"petición","language_family":"latin","root":"petere","root_meaning":"to seek, aim at, request","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"petition","meaning":"formal request","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"peticion","meaning":"request, demand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"petitio","meaning":"request, application","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"petere","meaning":"to seek, aim at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compete","repeat","impetuous","appetite","seek"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appeal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"request","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plea","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplication","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"2c479d75-76f9-484c-9905-024aac45db6f","word":"petroleum","definition":"A naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid hydrocarbon mixture found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, used as a fuel source.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"petróleo","language_family":"latin","root":"petra oleum","root_meaning":"rock oil","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"petroleum","meaning":"A naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid hydrocarbon mixture found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"petroleum","meaning":"rock oil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"petra","meaning":"rock","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"oleum","meaning":"oil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["petrify","petrol","rock","oil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crude oil","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fossil fuel","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"a72de1a1-6dd4-45ca-8024-98dd5492d026","word":"pets","definition":"Domestic animals kept for companionship or pleasure, or to touch gently and affectionately.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pet","root_meaning":"indulged animal or to caress","root_language":"Old English or Celtic","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pets","meaning":"companion animals","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pet","meaning":"indulged animal or darling","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pet","meaning":"small animal or to caress","children":[],"language":"Old English or Celtic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pet","petting","petted","pet store"],"synonyms":[{"word":"companion animals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"animals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"critters","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"2e0fa96d-a950-4f58-bb2e-d3b984d26d9e","word":"petty","definition":"Of little importance; trivial.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pequeño","language_family":"french","root":"petit","root_meaning":"small","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"petty","meaning":"Of little importance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"petit","meaning":"small","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"petit","meaning":"small","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["petition","compete","repeat","impetuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trivial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insignificant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"2cf20116-b620-4332-bbf9-17e7948c8205","word":"pfft","definition":"An interjection used to express dismissal, contempt, or a quick puffing sound.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pfft","meaning":"a dismissive or puffing sound","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"pfft","meaning":"a scoffing puff or exhalation sound","children":[],"language":"imitative"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pff","phfft","puh","pf"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pff","formality":"informal"},{"word":"phfft","formality":"informal"},{"word":"puh","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"a711db13-2d6c-4dbf-ace0-06bf5f5d2772","word":"phantom","definition":"A ghost; a figment of the imagination.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fantasma","language_family":"greek","root":"phantasma","root_meaning":"appearance, apparition, phantom","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient Greek","proto_root":"*bha-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phantom","meaning":"A ghost","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"fantasme","meaning":"apparition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phantasma","meaning":"apparition","children":[{"era":"ancient Greek","word":"phantasma","meaning":"appearance","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["fantasy","fantastic","phantasmagoria","phenomenon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ghost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specter","formality":"literary"},{"word":"illusion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"30fcc95a-6d3f-47a8-be4a-93ea1cd5dcb2","word":"pharmaceutical","definition":"Relating to drugs used in medicine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"farmacéutico","language_family":"greek","root":"pharmakon","root_meaning":"drug, medicine, poison","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pharmaceutical","meaning":"Relating to drugs used in medicine.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"pharmaceutic","meaning":"of or relating to pharmacy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pharmaceuticus","meaning":"of pharmacy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pharmakeutikos","meaning":"of drugs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pharmakon","meaning":"drug, medicine, poison","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pharmacy","pharmacist","pharmacology","drug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medicinal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drug-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"therapeutic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pharmacological","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"0033d078-89cf-48f1-8e20-d3d3bd119455","word":"pharmacist","definition":"A person who prepares and dispenses medicines, ultimately from Greek pharmakon meaning \"drug\" or \"poison.\"","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"farmacéutico","language_family":"greek","root":"pharmakon","root_meaning":"drug, remedy, poison","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pharmacist","meaning":"a person who prepares and dispenses medicines","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pharmacy","meaning":"the preparation and dispensing of medicines","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pharmacie","meaning":"medicine; a drug store","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pharmacia","meaning":"the use of drugs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pharmakeia","meaning":"the use of drugs or spells","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pharmakon","meaning":"drug, remedy, poison","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English via Old French"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ist","meaning":"agent or practitioner","children":[],"language":"Greek via Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pharmacy","pharmacology","pharmaceutical","pharmacopoeia","pharmaceutics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chemist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"druggist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apothecary","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"e72e6db0-dbc7-403e-844a-282194443ec4","word":"pharmacology","definition":"The branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"farmacología","language_family":"greek","root":"pharmakon","root_meaning":"drug, medicine, poison","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pharmacology","meaning":"study of drugs","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"pharmacologia","meaning":"study of drugs","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"pharmakon","meaning":"drug, medicine","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"-logia","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pharmacy","pharmaceutical","pharmacist","pharmacopeia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"therapeutics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"drug science","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"2f217a39-9434-4304-9bb3-be93f8c8689c","word":"pharmacy","definition":"A store or facility where medicinal drugs are prepared and dispensed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"farmacia","language_family":"greek","root":"pharmakeia","root_meaning":"drug use, sorcery","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pharmacy","meaning":"place where drugs are dispensed","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"pharmacie","meaning":"pharmacy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pharmakeia","meaning":"drug use, sorcery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pharmakon","meaning":"drug, poison","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pharmacist","pharmaceutical","pharmacology","pharmacopoeia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drugstore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chemist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apothecary","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"1a870b54-b243-4e6f-a17c-a062de72a50a","word":"phase","definition":"A distinct stage or period in a process or cycle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fase","language_family":"greek","root":"phasis","root_meaning":"appearance, aspect","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phase","meaning":"a distinct stage or period","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phasis","meaning":"appearance, aspect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phaínesthai","meaning":"to appear, show","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["phases","phased","phasing","phaser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cycle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"epoch","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"05d26056-2e31-41bf-9103-aa60b7ee7ae6","word":"phenomenal","definition":"Phenomenal means remarkably excellent or, more literally, relating to a phenomenon.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fenomenal","language_family":"greek","root":"phainein","root_meaning":"to show; make appear","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phenomenal","meaning":"remarkably excellent; extraordinary","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"phenomenon","meaning":"something observed or appearing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phainomenon","meaning":"that which appears","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phainein","meaning":"to show; make visible","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin/Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["phenomenon","phenomena","phenomenology","epiphenomenon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remarkable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exceptional","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"dfbb5b63-2324-41af-91dd-6b3a1aea1e5e","word":"phenomenon","definition":"A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fenómeno","language_family":"greek","root":"phainomenon","root_meaning":"that which appears","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"phainómenon (φαινόμενον)","meaning":"That which appears, the apparent. From phainein (to show, bring to light).","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"phenomenon","meaning":"An observable fact or event.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"fenómeno","meaning":"Phenomenon.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["phenomenal","phenomena","epiphany"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occurrence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"event","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marvel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"ea7c01f2-785d-43bc-92a5-a84f4ddf2976","word":"phentermine","definition":"A prescription medication used as an appetite suppressant for weight loss.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"phenethylamine","root_meaning":"organic compound derived from benzene ring","root_language":"Greek/German","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1959","word":"phentermine","meaning":"appetite suppressant medication","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"phenethylamine","meaning":"organic compound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phen-","meaning":"to show, appear","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["phenethylamine","amphetamine","methylphenidate","benzene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appetite suppressant","formality":"technical"},{"word":"weight loss medication","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"4fd1bdd6-be39-4d86-bbce-0c1ae165fe24","word":"phew","definition":"An exclamation expressing relief, exhaustion, or discomfort from heat or a bad smell.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"phew","root_meaning":"sound of breath","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phew","meaning":"exclamation of relief/exhaustion","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"phew","meaning":"imitative of a sigh or breath","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whew","pooh","foo","shoo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oh dear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ugh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"c54d6329-3a60-45fd-bc6a-4f17ebae914a","word":"phi","definition":"The 21st letter of the Greek alphabet (Φ, φ), also used to denote the golden ratio in mathematics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Φ (Phi)","root_meaning":"letter of the alphabet","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phi","meaning":"Greek letter","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"phi","meaning":"21st letter of the Greek alphabet","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alphabet","beta","gamma","delta","lambda"],"synonyms":[{"word":"golden ratio","formality":"technical"},{"word":"21st Greek letter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Greek letter phi","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"bb25a786-ae3c-4789-8815-8c0142a37d31","word":"philadelphia","definition":"A major city in Pennsylvania, known as the City of Brotherly Love.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"philos + adelphos","root_meaning":"beloved + brother","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Philadelphia","meaning":"city in Pennsylvania","children":[{"era":"1682","word":"Philadelphia","meaning":"city founded by William Penn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Philadepheia","meaning":"brotherly love, love between brothers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"philos + adelphos","meaning":"beloved, loving + brother","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["philanthropist","philanthropy","philharmonic","Philadelphian","adelphous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Philly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"the City of Brotherly Love","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Penn's City","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"bc0d3296-358a-4706-b56b-daaf54c14cfc","word":"philanthropy","definition":"The desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed through charitable acts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"filantropía","language_family":"greek","root":"philanthrōpia","root_meaning":"love of mankind","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"philanthrōpía (φιλανθρωπία)","meaning":"Love of mankind, benevolence. From philos (loving) + anthrōpos (human being).","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"philanthropy","meaning":"Charitable generosity.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"filantropía","meaning":"Philanthropy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["philanthropist","philanthropic","misanthropy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benevolence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"generosity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"5335df6f-7309-4c9b-a2bb-ad070845b52b","word":"philosopher","definition":"A person who studies the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"filósofo","language_family":"greek","root":"philosophos","root_meaning":"lover of wisdom","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"philosopher","meaning":"A person who studies the fundamental nature of knowledge.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"philosophe","meaning":"philosopher","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"philosophus","meaning":"philosopher","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"philosophos","meaning":"lover of wisdom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"philein (to love) + sophos (wise)","meaning":"love + wisdom","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["philosophy","philanthropic","sophist","sophisticated","wisdom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sage","formality":"literary"},{"word":"thinker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intellectual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"21acec0a-fee4-4e03-8c23-f0ec3edfb2e4","word":"philosophical","definition":"Relating to philosophy or to careful, reflective thought.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"filosófico","language_family":"greek","root":"philosophia","root_meaning":"love of wisdom","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"philosophical","meaning":"relating to philosophy","children":[{"era":"c. 1500","word":"philosophy + -ical","meaning":"formed from philosophy plus an adjectival suffix","children":[{"era":"12c.","word":"philosophy","meaning":"love of knowledge or wisdom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"philosophia","meaning":"love of wisdom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"philo-","meaning":"loving","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"sophia","meaning":"wisdom","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ical","meaning":"adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin via Greek"}],"language":"Middle English / French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["philosophy","philosophic","philosopher","philosophize","philosophically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"philosophic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"theoretical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"speculative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reflective","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"6afb178d-9e57-4dd9-9e3d-ad9945fae2f4","word":"philosophy","definition":"The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and meaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"filosofía","language_family":"greek","root":"philosophia","root_meaning":"love of wisdom","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"philosophy","meaning":"study of fundamental questions and wisdom","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"philosophie","meaning":"love of wisdom, study of wisdom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"philosophia","meaning":"love of wisdom, from philo- (love) + sophia (wisdom)","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["philosopher","philosophical","philology","sophia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wisdom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doctrine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"worldview","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"655dc979-0904-4157-b81b-efa3ad84d031","word":"phobia","definition":"An extreme or irrational fear of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fobia","language_family":"greek","root":"phobos","root_meaning":"fear, panic","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~700 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~700 BC","word":"phobos","meaning":"Fear, terror (personified as a god).","children":[{"era":"~100 AD","word":"phobia","meaning":"Fear, aversion.","children":[{"era":"1780s","word":"phobia","meaning":"Irrational fear.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"fobia","meaning":"Phobia.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["phobic","xenophobia","claustrophobia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aversion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dread","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"b1d0ba70-7071-4e23-ab95-06dd8a50ce47","word":"phoenix","definition":"a mythical bird that is reborn from its own ashes, or a person or thing that has been restored.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fénix","language_family":"greek","root":"phoinix","root_meaning":"purple-red bird","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phoenix","meaning":"mythical reborn bird","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"phoenix","meaning":"mythical bird","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"phoenix","meaning":"mythical bird","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phoinix","meaning":"purple-red bird","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Phoenician","phoenician"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rebirth","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resurrection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"renewal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"d9d9b4fa-4b00-47d2-a25e-933843359c87","word":"phone","definition":"A device used for transmitting voice or data over distances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teléfono","language_family":"greek","root":"phonē","root_meaning":"sound, voice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"phone","meaning":"voice transmission device","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"telephone","meaning":"far voice device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phonē","meaning":"sound, voice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telephone","phonetic","microphone","symphony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"telephone","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mobile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handset","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"fd6425de-e79d-4765-9773-8e9ba223ffe4","word":"phones","definition":"Devices for transmitting sound or voice signals over distances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teléfono","language_family":"greek","root":"phōnē","root_meaning":"sound, voice","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phones","meaning":"sound transmission devices","children":[{"era":"1876","word":"telephone","meaning":"device for distant sound transmission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phōnē","meaning":"sound, voice","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telephone","phonetic","phoneme","polyphonic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"telephone","formality":"formal"},{"word":"handset","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"4927644d-b333-4ad4-ab93-58ffb66c6d73","word":"phony","definition":"Not genuine or real; fake or counterfeit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"fawney","root_meaning":"gilded brass ring, associated with swindlers","root_language":"Irish (slang)","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phony","meaning":"fake, not genuine","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"phony","meaning":"fake","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"fawney","meaning":"gilded brass ring","children":[{"era":"Old Irish","word":"fáinne","meaning":"ring","children":[],"language":"Irish"}],"language":"Irish (slang)"}],"language":"American English (slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fake","sham","counterfeit","bogus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bogus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counterfeit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sham","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spurious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"7b0bcdb5-1076-4f71-b818-a2c585085ceb","word":"photo","definition":"A picture made by a camera using light-sensitive film or sensors.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"foto","language_family":"greek","root":"phōtos","root_meaning":"light","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂- (to shine)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"photo","meaning":"a picture made by camera","children":[{"era":"1839","word":"photograph","meaning":"picture made by light on film","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"photo- (prefix) + -graph","meaning":"light + writing/drawing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["photograph","photography","photogenic","photon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"photograph","formality":"formal"},{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snapshot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"5edb60d1-a29a-4a9e-a132-9472db3a0358","word":"photograph","definition":"A picture made using a camera by recording light on a sensitive surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fotografía","language_family":"greek","root":"phōs + graphē","root_meaning":"light writing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"phôs (φῶς) + graphḗ (γραφή)","meaning":"Light + writing/drawing. Coined in 1839 from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1839","word":"photograph","meaning":"An image captured by a camera.","language":"English"},{"era":"1840s","word":"fotografía","meaning":"Photograph, photography.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["photography","photographer","photosynthesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"photo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"58ac3e52-9625-45c4-b0b0-714650b80a39","word":"photographer","definition":"A person who takes photographs, especially as a job.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fotógrafo","language_family":"greek","root":"photo- + -grapher","root_meaning":"light + writer/drawer","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"1830s","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂- (phōs), *gerbh- (graphos)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"photographer","meaning":"person who takes photographs","children":[{"era":"1839","word":"photography","meaning":"art of taking photos","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"photo-","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-graphy","meaning":"writing, drawing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["photograph","photographic","photography","photosensitive","videographer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cameraman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shooter","formality":"informal"},{"word":"picturesmith","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"4b9e68db-064d-4b29-868f-404841e1d0bf","word":"photographic","definition":"Relating to or used in photography.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"fotográfico","language_family":"greek","root":"phōs (light), graphikos (drawing, writing)","root_meaning":"light, drawing/writing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE, classical","proto_root":"*bʰeh₂- (light), *grebʰ- (scratch)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"photographic","meaning":"relating to photography","children":[{"era":"1830s","word":"photograph","meaning":"image recorded by light","children":[{"era":"19th century (coined)","word":"photo-","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"phōs","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek (combining form)"},{"era":"19th century (coined)","word":"-graph","meaning":"drawn, written","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"graphos","meaning":"drawn, written","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek (combining form)"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["photograph","photography","photographer","graphics","telegram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"visual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pictorial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"iconic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"f06d8f2b-25a1-4960-9522-77bf12e37d0f","word":"photography","definition":"The art or practice of taking and processing photographs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fotografía","language_family":"greek","root":"photos + graphia","root_meaning":"light + writing, drawing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"photography","meaning":"art of taking photographs","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"photograph","meaning":"image produced by light","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"photos","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"graphia","meaning":"writing, drawing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["photograph","photographer","photogenic","photocopy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"picture-taking","formality":"informal"},{"word":"image-making","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"photographic art","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"8645aaf4-63e5-41df-85e3-d91e5d0b461b","word":"photos","definition":"Plural of photo; pictures taken with a camera.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fotos","language_family":"greek","root":"phōtos","root_meaning":"light","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhuh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"photos","meaning":"light pictures","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"photo","meaning":"picture made by light","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"photograph","meaning":"writing with light","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phōtos + graphē","meaning":"light + writing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["photo","photograph","photographer","photogenic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pictures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snapshots","formality":"informal"},{"word":"images","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"cdd48fee-4f62-4387-a775-ac7501fdd265","word":"php","definition":"An acronym for Hypertext Preprocessor, a server-side scripting language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"PHP","root_meaning":"originally Personal Home Page, later Hypertext Preprocessor","root_language":"English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1995","word":"PHP","meaning":"Hypertext Preprocessor programming language","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"Hypertext","meaning":"text with links and references","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1960s","word":"Preprocessor","meaning":"program that processes before compilation","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Python","JavaScript","Java","programming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scripting language","formality":"technical"},{"word":"server-side language","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"97319743-8823-4be7-a668-56e62d2105cd","word":"phrase","definition":"A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"frase","language_family":"greek","root":"phrazein","root_meaning":"to tell, declare","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhreh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"phrase","meaning":"group of words","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"phrase","meaning":"turn of speech","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phrasis","meaning":"diction, phrase","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phrazein","meaning":"to tell, declare, explain","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["phrasing","paraphrase","periphrasis","apophthegm","phraseology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expression","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idiom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clause","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"819d8083-69a7-4b05-8566-8f6a27da5f18","word":"physical","definition":"Relating to the body as opposed to the mind; concerning matter and energy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"físico","language_family":"greek","root":"physis","root_meaning":"nature, natural world","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhueh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"physical","meaning":"relating to the body or material world","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"physical","meaning":"relating to nature or medicine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"physicus","meaning":"natural, physical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"physis","meaning":"nature, natural order","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["physics","physically","physician","physiology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bodily","formality":"formal"},{"word":"corporeal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"material","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tangible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"773edc06-82bc-41d0-bf5a-40fac0dad115","word":"physician","definition":"A person who is qualified to practice medicine; a doctor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"phusikos","root_meaning":"natural, of nature","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰuH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"physician","meaning":"a medical doctor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"phisicien","meaning":"physician","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"physicianus","meaning":"natural philosopher, physician","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"physicus","meaning":"natural, physical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"phusikos","meaning":"natural","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["physical","physics","metaphysics","physique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doctor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"medical practitioner","formality":"formal"},{"word":"medic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"M.D.","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"86c4ea71-5f1a-45b5-ae0f-d21b433c8d2c","word":"physicist","definition":"A scientist who studies matter, energy, and the laws of nature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"físico","language_family":"greek","root":"φύσις (phýsis)","root_meaning":"nature","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰuH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"physicist","meaning":"a scientist who studies matter, energy, and the laws of nature","children":[{"era":"current","word":"physics","meaning":"the science of matter, energy, and motion","children":[{"era":"Middle French","word":"physique","meaning":"physics; natural science","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"physica","meaning":"natural science","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"physikē / physika","meaning":"natural things; natural philosophy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"physis","meaning":"nature","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ist","meaning":"person connected with a subject or practice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["physics","physical","physic","physique","physician"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scientist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"researcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"natural philosopher","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"fa25bc3b-035d-4a8c-9d72-a8bc7209648b","word":"physics","definition":"The science of matter, energy, and motion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"física","language_family":"greek","root":"physika","root_meaning":"natural things","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bheuə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"physics","meaning":"science of matter and energy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"physics","meaning":"natural science","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"physika","meaning":"natural things; from physis (nature)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["physical","physicist","physiology","physics","physique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"natural science","formality":"formal"},{"word":"natural philosophy","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2a0a4f05-ebe5-4bd4-b4db-3313c2276fce","word":"physiology","definition":"The branch of biology dealing with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fisiología","language_family":"greek","root":"physiologia","root_meaning":"natural philosophy, study of nature","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient Greek","proto_root":"*bheu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"physiology","meaning":"study of body functions","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"physiologia","meaning":"natural science","children":[{"era":"ancient Greek","word":"physiologia","meaning":"natural philosophy","children":[{"era":"ancient Greek","word":"physis","meaning":"nature","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"ancient Greek","word":"-logia","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["physical","physician","biology","geology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anatomy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bionomics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"biology","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"89860b63-0f35-4c4f-967a-8d667f3e51bf","word":"pianist","definition":"A person who plays the piano.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pianista","language_family":"latin","root":"planus","root_meaning":"flat; level","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pianist","meaning":"A person who plays the piano.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"piano","meaning":"soft, gentle; the musical term that names the instrument","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planus","meaning":"flat; level","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ist","meaning":"one who practices or is associated with something","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["piano","pianism","pianistic","pianoforte","pianoist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piano player","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pianoist","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"pianofortist","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"dffdfdf3-2c6d-4044-ac16-3dd497e8b20a","word":"piano","definition":"A large keyboard musical instrument with strings struck by hammers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"piano","language_family":"latin","root":"pianoforte","root_meaning":"soft-loud","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"piano","meaning":"musical instrument","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"piano","meaning":"short for pianoforte","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"pianoforte","meaning":"soft-loud (instrument)","children":[{"era":"current","word":"piano","meaning":"soft","children":[],"language":"Italian"},{"era":"current","word":"forte","meaning":"loud","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pianoforte","pianist","music","forte"],"synonyms":[{"word":"keyboard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instrument","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"eed5e30f-a943-4955-a35a-2c286cbf8aff","word":"pic","definition":"An informal shortened form of picture; a photograph or image.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"pictura","root_meaning":"a painting or picture","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"pic","meaning":"photograph or image","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"picture","meaning":"painting, representation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pictura","meaning":"painting, picture","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["picture","picturesque","pictorial","depict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"photo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"image","formality":"formal"},{"word":"snapshot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"4ddac6a7-82c0-4426-957c-ac2e4a96037b","word":"pick","definition":"To select or choose something; or a tool with a pointed head used for breaking hard ground.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pica","language_family":"germanic","root":"picken","root_meaning":"to peck or pierce","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*pik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pick","meaning":"to select or choose","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"picken","meaning":"to peck or select","children":[{"era":"pre-1300","word":"pic","meaning":"point or peak","children":[],"language":"Old English/Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["picked","picker","picking","pickax","pickpocket"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"select","formality":"formal"},{"word":"opt for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elect","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"1eaeb6b7-4d0b-4d41-8a78-2581b97cd97e","word":"picket","definition":"A picket is a pointed stake or post, especially one used in fencing or defense, and by extension a guard or protest line.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"piquet","root_meaning":"pointed stake","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"picket","meaning":"a pointed stake or post, or a guard or protest line","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"piquet","meaning":"pointed stake","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"piquer","meaning":"to pierce, prick","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pique","piquet","picketing","picketed","picket line"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sentry","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"7fb011f6-db12-4e5c-8543-74b6c165a0fb","word":"pickle","definition":"A vegetable or fruit preserved in vinegar or brine; a difficult situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pekel","root_meaning":"brine, salt solution","root_language":"Middle Dutch/Low German","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pickle","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"c. 1500","word":"pickle","meaning":"preserving liquid, then preserved food","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pekel","meaning":"brine, pickling liquid","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pickled","pickler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"preserve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"predicament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quandary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"1bf001f1-7eac-4d36-8b44-37f87e86cb59","word":"picky","definition":"Excessively selective or hard to please.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pick","root_meaning":"to select; to peck","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"picky","meaning":"excessively selective or hard to please","children":[{"era":"current","word":"pick","meaning":"to choose or pluck","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-y","meaning":"an adjectival suffix forming descriptive words","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pick","picked","picking","pickiness","pickier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fussy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"choosy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"particular","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"edf9d952-d125-4f26-885e-5df0b44de5d8","word":"pics","definition":"Plural of pic; informal term for pictures or photographs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"pictus","root_meaning":"painted, painted image","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pics","meaning":"informal plural of pictures","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"pic","meaning":"informal shortening of picture","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"picture","meaning":"painted image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pictura","meaning":"painting, image","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["picture","pic","photograph","image"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pictures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"photos","formality":"informal"},{"word":"images","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"01b9fd8d-6fa0-4cdc-b67c-d3de42454e58","word":"picture","definition":"A visual representation or image of something, created by drawing, painting, photography, or similar means.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pintura","language_family":"latin","root":"pictura","root_meaning":"a painting, picture","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"picture","meaning":"a visual representation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"picture","meaning":"a painting or image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pictura","meaning":"a painting, picture","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pictorial","depict","painted","imagery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"painting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illustration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"photograph","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"72abd895-b01f-4394-8659-79c037829f47","word":"pictures","definition":"Visual representations or images, typically produced by photography, painting, or drawing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pintura","language_family":"latin","root":"pictura","root_meaning":"painting, image","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pictures","meaning":"plural of picture","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"picture","meaning":"a painting or image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pictura","meaning":"painting, to paint","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["picture","picturesque","pictorial","depict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"images","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"photographs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"illustrations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"artwork","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.215Z"}
{"id":"5fdf0452-e4ae-4e8b-a0cc-f572283135a6","word":"piece","definition":"A part or fragment of something that has been broken, separated, or created.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pieza","language_family":"french","root":"piece","root_meaning":"a part or portion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"piece","meaning":"a part or fragment of something","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"piece","meaning":"a portion or part","children":[{"era":"1100s-1200s","word":"piece","meaning":"a part or portion","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["piecemeal","piecework","masterpiece"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"3042882e-d523-4673-8e3c-7d65d3dc4bd7","word":"pieces","definition":"Individual parts or fragments of something that has been broken or divided.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"piezas","language_family":"french","root":"pecia","root_meaning":"piece, portion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pieces","meaning":"parts or fragments","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"piece","meaning":"a part or portion","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pece","meaning":"piece","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["piece","piecemeal","masterpiece","timepiece"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sections","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"d2b24fcd-64e5-4265-8819-c24f11fb6b07","word":"pier","definition":"A structure built out over water, used as a landing place for ships, for fishing, or as a promenade.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pere","root_meaning":"mole, breakwater, jetty","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pier","meaning":"A structure built out over water.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pere","meaning":"mole, breakwater, jetty","children":[{"era":null,"word":"(uncertain origin, possibly Vulgar Latin *petra 'stone' or Germanic *peraz 'pile, post')","meaning":null,"children":[],"language":"various"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jetty","wharf","quay","piling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jetty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wharf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quay","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"4bf77703-583e-4a07-9fad-13c1f003ea19","word":"pierce","definition":"To make a hole in or through something with a sharp instrument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"percier","root_meaning":"to pierce, bore through","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*perk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pierce","meaning":"to make a hole","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"percier","meaning":"to pierce, bore through","children":[{"era":"Vulgar Latin","word":"pertusiare","meaning":"to pierce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pertusus","meaning":"pierced (past participle of pertundere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"per-","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tundere","meaning":"to beat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["percussion","pertussis","contuse","punch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puncture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perforate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bore","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"068e0fdd-74e5-4a87-a5f2-fb6c99a17979","word":"pig","definition":"A domesticated omnivorous hoofed mammal with a stout body and a short snout, typically kept for its meat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*pigg","root_meaning":"a young pig","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pig","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pigge","meaning":"young pig","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pigg","meaning":"young pig (reconstructed)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["piggy","pork","hog","sow","boar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oink","formality":"informal"},{"word":"porker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"7bb246fb-99d5-435b-98a3-e2fd89c08ac6","word":"pigeon","definition":"A stout-bodied bird with a small head, short legs, and a cooing voice, typically grey with white markings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pichón","language_family":"latin","root":"pipiō","root_meaning":"chirping bird, young bird","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pigeon","meaning":"type of bird","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pijon","meaning":"young dove, squab","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"pīpiō","meaning":"a young chirping bird","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pipire","meaning":"to chirp, to peep","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dove","squab","pigeonhole","pigeon-toed","pigeon-breasted","pigeonry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rock dove","formality":"technical"},{"word":"culver","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"a8120b3c-e14e-48d9-acd3-9e0f41a08f17","word":"piggy","definition":"A small pig or a childish term for a pig.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pig","root_meaning":"pig","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"piggy","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"pig","meaning":"young pig","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"current","word":"-y","meaning":"diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pig","hog","sow","swine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piglet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shoat","formality":"technical"},{"word":"runt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"bb495bd0-d876-423a-ae67-733050f86a35","word":"piglet","definition":"A young pig.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pig","root_meaning":"pig; swine","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"piglet","meaning":"a young pig","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pig","meaning":"pig; swine","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-let","meaning":"diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pig","piggy","pigling","piggish","piggie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shoat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pigling","formality":"literary"},{"word":"piggie","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"32655a3f-e5dd-4c57-88bc-746338a9344f","word":"pike","definition":"A large, carnivorous freshwater fish with a long, flattened snout, or a long pointed weapon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pica","language_family":"french","root":"pic","root_meaning":"pointed tool, pickaxe","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pike","meaning":"a long pointed weapon or fish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pic","meaning":"a pointed tool","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pickaxe","picket","spike","pique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"javelin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"0eebf85a-29f3-4852-a916-aab374eed545","word":"pile","definition":"A heap or stack of things, or a heavy post driven into the ground as a foundation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pila","language_family":"latin","root":"pila","root_meaning":"pillar, pier","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pile","meaning":"heap, stack, or post","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pile","meaning":"heap, stake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pila","meaning":"pillar, pier","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pilus","meaning":"stake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pillar","impale","compile","pilaster","pylon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"818c61df-2257-4aad-badc-a16f9d9b9b52","word":"pilgrim","definition":"A pilgrim is a person who travels to a sacred place as an act of devotion or for a religious purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"peregrino","language_family":"latin","root":"peregrinus","root_meaning":"foreign; from abroad","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pilgrim","meaning":"a person who travels to a sacred place for devotion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pilgrim","meaning":"religious traveler","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pelerin","meaning":"pilgrim; traveler","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"peregrinus","meaning":"foreign; abroad; traveling in another land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"peregre","meaning":"abroad","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pilgrimage","peregrine","peregrinate","peregrination","pilgrimage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traveler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wayfarer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"devotee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"191545d2-4b58-4dd4-97e0-aa60c36c697f","word":"pilgrimage","definition":"a journey made to a sacred place for religious devotion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"peregrinaje","language_family":"french","root":"peregrinus","root_meaning":"foreign, traveler","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pilgrimage","meaning":"a journey made to a sacred place for religious devotion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pilgrimage","meaning":"religious journey","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pelerinage","meaning":"pilgrimage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"peregrinus","meaning":"foreign, traveler","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pilgrim","peregrine","peregrinate","pilgrim's"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expedition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"53e68c67-7ddb-42c7-bdf9-c3f081a06d57","word":"pill","definition":"A small globular mass of medicine, typically for swallowing whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"píldora","language_family":"latin","root":"pilula","root_meaning":"little ball","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pill","meaning":"small mass of medicine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pile","meaning":"ball, globe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pilula","meaning":"little ball","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pila","meaning":"ball","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pellet","piston","pile (stake)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tablet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capsule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lozenge","formality":"technical"},{"word":"medication","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"6b550624-d348-4c0c-984f-e250268bb27d","word":"pillar","definition":"A pillar is a vertical support such as a column or post.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pilar","language_family":"latin","root":"pila","root_meaning":"pillar, pier","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pillar","meaning":"a vertical support such as a column or post","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pila","meaning":"pillar, pier","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pillared","pillarless","pillarbox","pilaster","pillar-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"column","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"2c6ae1ef-9fef-4123-9a3c-dd451ae89f86","word":"pillow","definition":"A soft cushion used to support the head, typically in bed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pylewe","root_meaning":"cushion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pilwi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pillow","meaning":"head cushion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pilwe","meaning":"cushion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pylewe","meaning":"cushion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pilwī","meaning":"cushion","children":[],"language":"West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cushion","bolster","pillowcase","bedding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cushion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bolster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"headrest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"19cfad6c-1a6c-4073-b65c-665661e88591","word":"pilot","definition":"A person who operates the flying controls of an aircraft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"piloto","language_family":"greek","root":"pedotes","root_meaning":"steersman, rudder","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pilot","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pilote","meaning":"pilot","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"piloto","meaning":"steersman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pedota","meaning":"steersman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pedotes","meaning":"steersman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pedon","meaning":"rudder, oar","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pedal","pedestrian","podiatrist","impede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aviator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helmsman","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"captain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"3d45a17d-56e4-45d0-a753-ebba43cc6ded","word":"pimp","definition":"A man who controls prostitutes and arranges clients for them, typically taking a portion of their earnings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pimp","meaning":"A man who controls prostitutes.","children":[{"era":"late 17th century","word":"pimp","meaning":"to procure, to act as a procurer","children":[],"language":"English (cant/slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pimpish","pimpery","pimpette"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procurer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"madam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ponce","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"ad25343a-ac2e-4349-a335-2957681a31ae","word":"pin","definition":"A thin pointed metal fastener used to join or secure items; to fasten or hold something in place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pina","language_family":"germanic","root":"pinna","root_meaning":"pin, peg, pointed object","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pin","meaning":"pointed metal fastener or to fasten","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pinn","meaning":"peg, pin, pointed object","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pinna","meaning":"feather, pin, peg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pen-","meaning":"to hang, stretch, extend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pins","pinned","pinning","pinna","pinnate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fastener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peg","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"b2594072-9353-48bc-b80c-2d1015382d0a","word":"pinch","definition":"To grip or squeeze something tightly between two surfaces, typically the finger and thumb.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pincier","root_meaning":"to nip, to squeeze","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pinch","meaning":"to grip or squeeze tightly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pincier","meaning":"to nip, to squeeze","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nipper","pincer","clinch","cringe","crunch","wrench"],"synonyms":[{"word":"squeeze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"568054d4-7b1b-458f-99ac-432dac0e2393","word":"pine","definition":"An evergreen coniferous tree with needle-like leaves; also, to yearn deeply for something or someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pino","language_family":"latin","root":"pinus","root_meaning":"pine tree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peiH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pine","meaning":"coniferous tree; to yearn","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pine","meaning":"pine tree","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pin","meaning":"pine tree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pinus","meaning":"pine tree","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*peinos","meaning":"pine","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*peiH-","meaning":"sap, fat, to be soft","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"current","word":"pine","meaning":"to yearn, languish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pīnian","meaning":"to torment, suffer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"penalty, pain","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"poine","meaning":"penalty, retribution","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kʷey-","meaning":"to pay, atone","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pineal","pinewood","punish","pain","penalty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conifer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"long","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yearn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"languish","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"b778d015-5fd1-4214-b217-8192f91a7a5f","word":"pineapple","definition":"A tropical fruit with a rough, tufted rind, named for its original resemblance to a pine cone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pin-appel","root_meaning":"pine cone","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pineapple","meaning":"a tropical fruit with a rough, tufted rind","children":[{"era":"late 1300s","word":"pin-appel","meaning":"pine cone","children":[{"era":"late 1300s","word":"pine","meaning":"pine tree","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"apple","meaning":"fruit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pine","apple","pine-cone","pine-nut","pine-apple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ananas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pine-cone","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"pine apple","formality":"historical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"eec4954b-6e0e-4a3e-9b61-b30735951816","word":"ping","definition":"A short, sharp, high-pitched ringing sound; also, a computer network utility.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ping","root_meaning":"sound of a sharp, high-pitched strike","root_language":"English (imitative)","root_era":"late 1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ping","meaning":"A short, sharp, high-pitched ringing sound","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clang","bang","ding","ring","pong"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tinkle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"dc6332b4-4d4f-40a1-ac38-6e1059940fdd","word":"pink","definition":"A pale red or light purplish-red color.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pink","root_meaning":"flower of the genus Dianthus","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pink","meaning":"pale red color or the flower","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"pink","meaning":"a flower, then the color","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"pink","meaning":"possibly related to pinken meaning to blink or wink","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pinky","pinkish","salmon","rose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salmon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fuchsia","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"8ec70c03-bdfa-4a28-beb9-f6602256b817","word":"pinky","definition":"The smallest finger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pinkje","root_meaning":"little finger","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pinky","meaning":"The smallest finger.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"pinkje","meaning":"little finger","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pink (color - debated link)","pinkish","digit","finger","thumb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"little finger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minimus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"smallest digit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fifth finger","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"4e636b3a-2f71-476c-9f15-c735d67c71cc","word":"pint","definition":"A unit of liquid or dry capacity, equal to one half of a quart or 0.568 liters in the UK and 0.473 liters in the US.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pinte","root_meaning":"pint","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pint","meaning":"A unit of liquid or dry capacity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pinte","meaning":"pint","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"*pincta","meaning":"painted (mark on a measure)","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quart","gallon","pints","measuring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"draft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"4c7abe7e-3aab-4d3b-abf6-ac5d9fbceb3b","word":"pioneer","definition":"A person who is among the first to explore, settle, or develop a new area or field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pionero","language_family":"french","root":"pionier","root_meaning":"foot soldier, laborer","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pioneer","meaning":"A person among the first.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pionier","meaning":"foot soldier","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pion","meaning":"foot soldier","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pes, pedis","meaning":"foot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["explorer","settler","innovator","pioneering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trailblazer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pathfinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frontrunner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"5417869e-7ea9-4c7f-808b-1133c937e333","word":"pious","definition":"Devoutly religious or showing reverent devotion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"piadoso","language_family":"latin","root":"pīus","root_meaning":"pious, dutiful, devoted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pewH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pious","meaning":"devoutly religious; reverently devoted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pīus","meaning":"pious, dutiful, devoted","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*pewH-","meaning":"pure; clean","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["piety","piously","impious","impiety","piousness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devout","formality":"formal"},{"word":"godly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"religious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"7e052a35-59ec-40ee-b8f0-43dcbaa9c10d","word":"pip","definition":"A small seed or stone inside a fleshy fruit such as an apple or orange.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pepin","root_meaning":"seed","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pip","meaning":"a small seed or stone inside a fleshy fruit","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"pippin","meaning":"a seed; later, an apple variety","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pepin","meaning":"seed","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pips","pippin","pipping","pipped"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"1f97372e-8383-43a8-9687-a78bc247ea81","word":"pipe","definition":"A long tube or cylinder used for conveying substances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pipa","language_family":"latin","root":"pipare","root_meaning":"to peep, to chirp","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*pip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pipe","meaning":"A long tube or cylinder.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pip","meaning":"musical instrument, tube","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"*pipare","meaning":"to peep, chirp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pip-","meaning":"imitative of piping sounds","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peep","piper","piping","bagpipes","pipette"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tube","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conduit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"duct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pipeline","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"5cf00d58-87bd-414b-b8f8-4656ae5a80c5","word":"piper","definition":"A person who plays the pipes, especially bagpipes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pipe + -er","root_meaning":"one who plays a pipe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"piper","meaning":"A person who plays the pipes, especially bagpipes.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pipe","meaning":"musical pipe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pipe","meaning":"pipe, musical instrument","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pīpō","meaning":"pipe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ere","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pipe","piping","bagpiper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fifer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flutist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"b7e9e387-fc62-4645-88b7-78df1c7256c4","word":"pirate","definition":"A person who attacks and robs ships at sea; also, to illegally copy or distribute copyrighted material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pirata","language_family":"greek","root":"peirates","root_meaning":"adventurer, robber","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pirate","meaning":"sea robber","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"pirate","meaning":"pirate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pirata","meaning":"sea robber","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"peirates","meaning":"adventurer, robber","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"peira","meaning":"attempt, trial, experience","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peril","experience","experiment","empirical","enterprise","peer (equal)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buccaneer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"corsair","formality":"literary"},{"word":"freebooter","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"9b9c55de-b741-4171-ac8e-c0a5f463051e","word":"piss","definition":"To urinate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pissier","root_meaning":"to urinate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"piss","meaning":"to urinate","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"pissier","meaning":"to urinate","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pisser","pissing","pissed","piss-off"],"synonyms":[{"word":"urinate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pee","formality":"informal"},{"word":"micturate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wee","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"4a6a5a24-5fc7-470a-a20f-d8abaa9bea4b","word":"pistol","definition":"A small handheld firearm designed to be fired with one hand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pistola","language_family":"other","root":"píšťala","root_meaning":"pipe, whistle, small firearm","root_language":"Old Czech","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"píšťala","meaning":"A pipe or whistle, later a small hand cannon.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Pistole","meaning":"Handgun.","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"pistol","meaning":"Small handheld firearm.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"pistola","meaning":"Pistol, handgun.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Old Czech"},"related_words":["pistoleer","pistol-whip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handgun","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firearm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"piece","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"c67f7f53-93c5-4803-8388-d5b606be86f5","word":"pit","definition":"A large hole in the ground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pytt","root_meaning":"pit, well, pool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*puttaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pit","meaning":"a hole in the ground","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pytt","meaning":"pit, well, pool","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pithole","bottomless","pitted","pitch","grout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hollow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depression","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"e1f4b788-1acc-4d55-a470-090bca12fc02","word":"pitch","definition":"The quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pic","root_meaning":"point, summit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pitch","meaning":"quality of sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pic","meaning":"point, summit","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*pikkōną","meaning":"to prick, point","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pick","pike","peak","pique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"key","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intonation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"d7fc0849-57cf-4d2a-b079-0faf8149c6e9","word":"pitcher","definition":"A container, typically with a handle and spout, used for holding and pouring liquids.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pichier","root_meaning":"small jug","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pitcher","meaning":"container for liquids","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pichier","meaning":"small jug, pitcher","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["jug","carafe","ewer","beaker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ewer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"carafe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"8418f0e3-5f5e-429f-842f-669f2844fd15","word":"pitiful","definition":"Deserving or arousing pity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"piteux","root_meaning":"pitiable, compassionate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*peh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pitiful","meaning":"deserving pity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pity","meaning":"compassion, mercy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pite","meaning":"compassion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pietas","meaning":"piety, duty, pity","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pity","piety","piteous","compassion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pathetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"miserable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deplorable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"44d86301-50a6-46c1-95ee-25869b700b6e","word":"pity","definition":"The feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the suffering and misfortunes of others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"piedad","language_family":"latin","root":"pietas","root_meaning":"piety, dutifulness, compassion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pity","meaning":"Sorrow for others' suffering","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pite","meaning":"pity, mercy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pietas","meaning":"piety, dutifulness, compassion","children":[{"era":"circa 4500-2500 BCE","word":"*pei-","meaning":"to be fat, to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pitiful","pitiable","piteous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compassion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sympathy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mercy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"7c2fb506-5a9b-4d94-b4af-754730f5b7fd","word":"pixel","definition":"The smallest identifiable element in a visual display, or a tiny area of illumination on a display screen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pictures + element","root_meaning":"picture element","root_language":"English","root_era":"1960s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"pixel","meaning":"picture element","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"pictures + element","meaning":"blend of two words","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["picture","element","voxel","texel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picture element","formality":"technical"},{"word":"image unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"1ee788a8-fb5b-49f9-8e05-08d2255e0674","word":"pizza","definition":"A dish of Italian origin consisting of a flattened disk of bread dough topped with ingredients, baked, and served hot.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pinsa","root_meaning":"flatbread","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pizza","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pizza","meaning":"pizza, pie","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pinsa","meaning":"flatbread","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pitta","pie","focaccia","pizzelle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flatbread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"0730c5cc-db3c-4957-a48b-99f01b09dd56","word":"place","definition":"A particular position, point, or area in space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plaza","language_family":"latin","root":"platea","root_meaning":"broad street or courtyard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"place","meaning":"a particular position or area","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"place","meaning":"open square or street","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"platea","meaning":"broad street or courtyard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["placement","placer","placid","displace","replace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"location","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"site","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"5f14292a-a5b4-4f9b-b42b-ba087d7ad2ef","word":"placed","definition":"Past tense of place; put in a particular position or location.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"plaza","language_family":"latin","root":"platea","root_meaning":"broad street, courtyard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"placed","meaning":"put in position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"place","meaning":"to put, set, position","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"place","meaning":"broad street, position","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"platea","meaning":"broad street, open space","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["place","placement","places","displace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"positioned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"put","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"set","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.146Z"}
{"id":"e77a24b5-36bb-4424-89b5-90dea2787669","word":"places","definition":"Plural noun referring to physical locations or positions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plazas","language_family":"latin","root":"platea","root_meaning":"broad street, open space","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"places","meaning":"physical locations or positions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"place","meaning":"space, location","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"platea","meaning":"broad street, open space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plateia","meaning":"broad, wide","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["place","placement","replace","placid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"locations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spots","formality":"informal"},{"word":"positions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"5a717550-cf57-4091-ba86-07022acc4207","word":"plague","definition":"A contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium. Also, an affliction or widespread trouble.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plaga","language_family":"latin","root":"plaga","root_meaning":"blow, wound, affliction","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₂g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plague","meaning":"contagious disease/affliction","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"plaie","meaning":"blow, wound, misfortune","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plaga","meaning":"blow, wound, affliction","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wound","complain","apoplexy","plangent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"epidemic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scourge","formality":"literary"},{"word":"affliction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"47237671-2c67-4b96-940f-c124fd24a8f6","word":"plain","definition":"Not decorated or elaborate; simple or ordinary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"llano","language_family":"latin","root":"planus","root_meaning":"flat, level","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pelh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plain","meaning":"Not decorated or elaborate; simple or ordinary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plain","meaning":"flat, level, clear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planus","meaning":"flat, level, even","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plane","plateau","explain","esplanade","plaza"],"synonyms":[{"word":"simple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obvious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unadorned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"dfa54d98-e6aa-4093-a114-dc2339482fe2","word":"plaintiff","definition":"A person who brings a case against another in a court of law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"planctus","root_meaning":"a striking, lamentation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plaintiff","meaning":"a person who brings a case against another","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"pleintif","meaning":"complaining, lamenting (used as noun)","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"plainte","meaning":"complaint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planctus","meaning":"a striking, lamentation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["complaint","plaint","complain","plangent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"litigant","formality":"technical"},{"word":"accuser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"claimant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"72785d9b-fb67-4fdd-9817-1f0022c18e98","word":"plan","definition":"A detailed proposal or design for doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plano","language_family":"french","root":"French plan","root_meaning":"flat, level","root_language":"Latin planus","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plan","meaning":"proposal or design","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"plan","meaning":"plan, plot of land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planus","meaning":"flat, level, plain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plane","planet","plain","planner","planned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scheme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strategy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"e40bebae-4583-4a5e-a69a-4c418b7c5788","word":"plane","definition":"A flat surface in which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plano","language_family":"latin","root":"planus","root_meaning":"flat, level","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plane","meaning":"flat surface","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plane","meaning":"flat surface","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planum","meaning":"flat surface, level ground","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planus","meaning":"flat, level","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["planar","plan","planisphere","plain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flat surface","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"a06969ae-53f3-43df-9a23-cc1cf0731623","word":"planet","definition":"A large celestial body orbiting a star and not producing its own light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"planeta","language_family":"greek","root":"planetes","root_meaning":"wanderer","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"planet","meaning":"celestial body orbiting a star","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"planet","meaning":"wandering star","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"planete","meaning":"wandering celestial body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planetes","meaning":"wanderer","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["planetary","planetarium","planetoid","planetal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celestial body","formality":"formal"},{"word":"world","formality":"informal"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"fa99a365-1b38-422f-9b13-6ed709beab8f","word":"plank","definition":"A plank is a long, flat piece of timber, especially one used in building or flooring.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plancha","language_family":"latin","root":"planca","root_meaning":"flat board, plank","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plank","meaning":"a long, flat piece of timber","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"planke","meaning":"board, plank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planca","meaning":"flat board, plank","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["planks","planked","planking","plank-like","plankton"],"synonyms":[{"word":"board","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"timber","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"e0cf170b-2537-4ee6-abc7-7075fb2dda2b","word":"planning","definition":"The process of deciding in advance how something will be achieved.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"planificación","language_family":"latin","root":"planus","root_meaning":"flat, level, plain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pele-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"planning","meaning":"advance arrangement of activities","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"plan","meaning":"a scheme, design","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"plan","meaning":"flat drawing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planus","meaning":"flat, level","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plan","planner","planned","unplanned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"preparation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"organization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"a477150d-74be-4bc1-819c-d04715d699e9","word":"plans","definition":"Detailed proposals or schemes for doing something; drawings or diagrams.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"planes","language_family":"french","root":"plan","root_meaning":"plane, level ground","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plans","meaning":"schemes or drawings","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"plan","meaning":"proposal, design","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"plan","meaning":"plane, level surface","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plan","planner","planning","planned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"schemes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proposals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"designs","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"5314d344-f152-4063-a3d5-bebc2cb858e7","word":"plant","definition":"A living organism that grows in soil, typically with leaves and roots; to place or embed something in a location.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"planta","language_family":"latin","root":"planta","root_meaning":"sole of the foot; a plant; shoot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pele-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plant","meaning":"living organism; to place something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plante","meaning":"plant; sole of foot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planta","meaning":"sole of foot; plant; shoot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["planted","planting","plantation","plants"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vegetation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flora","formality":"formal"},{"word":"greenery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"9d2454d4-f6d4-4736-b700-33c934feb5ff","word":"plantation","definition":"A large estate or farm, especially one devoted to commercial crop production.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plantación","language_family":"latin","root":"plantare","root_meaning":"to plant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plantation","meaning":"a large farm or estate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"plantation","meaning":"planting, a planted place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plantation","meaning":"a planting; planted area","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plantatio","meaning":"a planting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plantare","meaning":"to plant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planta","meaning":"a cutting, shoot, or sprout","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plant","planter","planting","transplant","replant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"estate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"87bfeb4f-e3bf-4420-87e6-29e456614b5b","word":"plants","definition":"Plural of plant; living organisms that photosynthesize or facilities for manufacturing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"planta","language_family":"latin","root":"planta","root_meaning":"sole of the foot, sprout, seedling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plants","meaning":"living organisms or manufacturing facilities","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plant","meaning":"seedling, herb, vegetation","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"plante","meaning":"plant, slip, sprout","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"planta","meaning":"sole of foot, sprout, seedling","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plant","plantation","planter","implant","transplant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vegetation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flora","formality":"formal"},{"word":"greenery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"e854abb6-ff13-4994-a133-cbaac8d6d51e","word":"plaque","definition":"A plaque is a flat plate or tablet, especially one used as a sign, label, or commemorative marker.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"placa","language_family":"germanic","root":"plak","root_meaning":"patch; flat slice or plate","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*plakkō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plaque","meaning":"a flat plate or commemorative tablet","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plaque","meaning":"a flat plate, patch, or tablet","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plak","meaning":"patch; flat slice","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plaques","plaque-like","plaque-forming","nameplate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tablet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nameplate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"marker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"dc040f53-1c90-4fd3-be8d-d3123689b743","word":"plasma","definition":"The colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended. Also, an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plasma","language_family":"greek","root":"plasma","root_meaning":"something molded, form, shape","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pelh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plasma","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"πλάσμα (plasma)","meaning":"something molded","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"πλάσσειν (plassein)","meaning":"to mold, form","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plastic","protoplasm","plaster","cytoplasm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fluid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"matrix","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"e838dbcd-67e6-4992-b697-6be1a46c0683","word":"plaster","definition":"Plaster is a paste-like material used to coat walls or cover wounds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"emplasto","language_family":"greek","root":"emplastron","root_meaning":"salve, plaster","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plaster","meaning":"material used to coat walls or cover wounds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plastrum / emplastrum","meaning":"a plaster","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emplastron","meaning":"salve, plaster","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"emplastos","meaning":"daubed on, applied","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"plastre","meaning":"wall coating, plaster","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plastering","plastered","plasterer","plasterboard","plasterwork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stucco","formality":"technical"},{"word":"salve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dressing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"6f8f8a42-9e7e-4d80-8a18-67266ac16619","word":"plastic","definition":"A synthetic material made from polymers that is molded into shape while soft and hardens when cooled.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plástico","language_family":"greek","root":"plastikos","root_meaning":"fit for molding, capable of being shaped","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plastic","meaning":"synthetic moldable material","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"plastic","meaning":"synthetic polymer material","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"plastique","meaning":"moldable material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plastikos","meaning":"fit for molding","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plasticity","plastics","polymer","mold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"polymer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"synthetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resin","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0c049aa4-cbde-4b2d-8f37-1a9c9617ea64","word":"plate","definition":"A flat dish from which food is eaten; a flat, thin piece of metal or other material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plato","language_family":"french","root":"plat","root_meaning":"flat dish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*plat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plate","meaning":"A flat dish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plat","meaning":"flat dish, platter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"platys","meaning":"flat, wide","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["platter","flat","platform","plaza"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"platter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lamina","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sheet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"0763f553-f4a5-46d9-ac71-5fd1eab6fae1","word":"plateau","definition":"A broad level expanse of high land, or a relatively stable level after a rise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"plat","root_meaning":"flat","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleth₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plateau","meaning":"A broad level expanse of high land, or a relatively stable level after a rise.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"plateau","meaning":"A small plate or flat object; the source form borrowed into English.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plat","meaning":"flat.","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*pleth₂-","meaning":"flat; spread out.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plat","plate","platter","plateaux","plateaued"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tableland","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mesa","formality":"technical"},{"word":"upland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"02498fa9-6ac4-4479-b84f-8f7eb82f833e","word":"platform","definition":"A raised level surface or structure; a base for operations or a medium for expression.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plataforma","language_family":"french","root":"plat + forme","root_meaning":"flat + form","root_language":"Middle French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*plat- + *forma","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"platform","meaning":"a raised surface or medium","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"platform","meaning":"a flat raised structure","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"plateforme","meaning":"a flat form","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plat","meaning":"flat, level","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plate","platform","platforming","platforms","deplatform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"podium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dais","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"573c10f5-20f3-4938-8c4e-58d2ceeaac11","word":"platinum","definition":"A precious, silvery-white metallic element, highly resistant to corrosion, used in jewelry, electrical contacts, and chemical apparatus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"platino","language_family":"latin","root":"plata","root_meaning":"silver","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"platinum","meaning":"metallic element","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"platina","meaning":"little silver","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"plata","meaning":"silver","children":[],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plate","platter","silver","plating","platoon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noble metal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"precious metal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"2ec52e95-caca-4a0d-a492-6996db750133","word":"platoon","definition":"A subdivision of a company of soldiers, usually comprising two or more squads or sections.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pelotón","language_family":"french","root":"peloton","root_meaning":"small ball, small group","root_language":"French","root_era":"17th C","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"platoon","meaning":"military unit","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"peloton","meaning":"small ball, small group","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"pelote","meaning":"small ball","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pila","meaning":"ball","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pellet","pill","ball","company","squad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detachment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"6d2fa577-49cd-4a09-88d4-330c4e927807","word":"platter","definition":"A large flat serving dish or tray.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"plate","root_meaning":"flat, broad; metal plate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"platter","meaning":"a large flat serving dish or tray","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plater","meaning":"an earlier English form","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plater","meaning":"an Anglo-Norman form","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"platel","meaning":"a diminutive of plate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plate","meaning":"flat, broad; metal plate","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plate","plated","plateau","platters","plater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salver","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"176af4af-a035-4840-b616-56ab57cadd39","word":"plausible","definition":"Apparently true or worthy of acceptance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"plausible","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin plaudere","root_meaning":"to clap, applaud","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plausible","meaning":"apparently true or worthy of acceptance","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"plausible","meaning":"apparently true, acceptable, worthy of approval","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plausibilis","meaning":"worthy of applause or approval","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plaudere","meaning":"to clap, applaud, or strike","children":[],"language":"Classical Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plausibility","plausibly","implausible","plausibleness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"credible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"believable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"b886a764-6e4e-46a4-8c1a-eb62ad2ccdbe","word":"play","definition":"To engage in activity for enjoyment or to perform a musical instrument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English plegan","root_meaning":"to exercise, to move briskly","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plegang","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"play","meaning":"to engage in activity for enjoyment","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"pleien","meaning":"to play, to move about","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plegan","meaning":"to exercise, to move briskly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*plegang","meaning":"to move, to exercise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["player","playing","playground","playful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perform","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sport","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"356db935-1a9c-4bfc-aeef-4faaa9df9168","word":"playback","definition":"The reproduction of previously recorded sounds or moving images.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"playback","meaning":"reproduction of recorded media","children":[{"era":"current","word":"play","meaning":"to engage in activity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plegan","meaning":"to play","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"back","meaning":"rear part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bæc","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["replay","playtime","backward","background"],"synonyms":[{"word":"replay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproduction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rerun","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"11eebdd5-c0cc-408c-a83a-b8a090a1cc5e","word":"playboy","definition":"A wealthy man who spends his time enjoying himself, often engaging in leisure activities and romantic pursuits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"play, boy","root_meaning":"to engage in activity for pleasure; a male child","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleganą, *bō-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"playboy","meaning":"A wealthy man who spends his time enjoying himself.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"play","meaning":"to exercise, frolic","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pleganą","meaning":"to be responsible for, to risk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"boy","meaning":"male servant, youth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bō-","meaning":"to swell, boy, brother","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["playful","playback","boyhood","toy","ploy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bon vivant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hedonist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rake","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"a8576be1-4156-40ef-8406-6b5a199fdaf9","word":"played","definition":"Past tense of play; engaged in activity for enjoyment or performed a musical instrument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pleian","root_meaning":"to exercise or move about","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"played","meaning":"past tense of play","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"play","meaning":"to engage in activity for enjoyment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plegan","meaning":"to exercise or move about","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["play","player","playful","replay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"engaged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"participated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"317fb6f0-5cdb-49e4-8ff8-12aef384a093","word":"player","definition":"A person who takes part in a game or sport, or one who performs music.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jugador","language_family":"germanic","root":"plegan","root_meaning":"to play","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"player","meaning":"one who plays","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"play","meaning":"to exercise, engage in sport","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plegan","meaning":"to play, to move quickly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["play","playing","playable","replay","gameplay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"participant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"performer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contestant","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"e34a4620-daec-4871-a960-f44c457e841c","word":"players","definition":"People who engage in a game or sport; performers in a theatrical production.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jugadores","language_family":"germanic","root":"playen","root_meaning":"to play, exercise","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"players","meaning":"game participants or performers","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"player","meaning":"one who plays","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"playen","meaning":"to play, exercise","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["play","player","playing","played"],"synonyms":[{"word":"participants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"athletes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"performers","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"dd2f983e-b9b6-483c-b260-561c72514f9d","word":"playful","definition":"Full of play, lightheartedness, or teasing energy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *plegjaną","root_meaning":"to play; to exercise; to frolic","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"playful","meaning":"full of play or lightheartedness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"play","meaning":"to amuse oneself; game, sport","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plegian","meaning":"to play, exercise, frolic","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*plegjaną","meaning":"to play; to exercise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["play","playfully","playfulness","player","playmate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lively","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mischievous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frolicsome","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"c69c8986-bd67-4ff3-b146-3a054500fc07","word":"playground","definition":"An outdoor area provided for children to play on, especially at a school or public park.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"plegan + grund","root_meaning":"to move rapidly, to sport + bottom, earth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100 (for roots), 19th century (for compound)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"playground","meaning":"children's play area","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"play","meaning":"to engage in activity for enjoyment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plegian","meaning":"to move rapidly, to sport","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ground","meaning":"the surface of the earth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"grund","meaning":"bottom, earth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["playroom","playtime","background","foreground","underground"],"synonyms":[{"word":"park","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recreation area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"play area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"field","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"cc4b3d17-f90c-4272-8793-5e5ab7a36591","word":"playing","definition":"Engaging in activity for enjoyment or participating in a game or performance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"plegan","root_meaning":"to risk, to pledge","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"playing","meaning":"engaging in activity for enjoyment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"play","meaning":"to move rapidly, to amuse oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plegan","meaning":"to risk, to pledge in play","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"Proto-Germanic *pleganan","meaning":"to move about, to engage in play","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["play","player","playful","played","playmate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sporting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amusing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"1dabfb50-78d5-4e81-90b0-a80ac588d5d9","word":"playlist","definition":"A sequential list of recorded musical pieces or video files selected for playback.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"plegan, list","root_meaning":"to engage, boundary","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pleganą, *listō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"playlist","meaning":"A sequential list of recorded musical pieces or video files selected for playback.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"play","meaning":"to engage in an activity","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"list","meaning":"border, edge, strip of cloth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["playful","player","listing","enlist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"program","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"setlist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"medley","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"5d4c7397-81d4-4450-bdcc-a5209e36c2ac","word":"playstation","definition":"A video game console produced by Sony, used for gaming and multimedia entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"play + station","root_meaning":"recreational activity + place or position","root_language":"English","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"PlayStation","meaning":"video game console","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"play","meaning":"recreational activity, sport, drama","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"station","meaning":"place, position, standing place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statio","meaning":"a standing, place, post","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["PlayStation 2","PlayStation 5","game console","gaming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gaming console","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"video game system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"PS","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"6a0748a5-8ec7-45fd-bd22-1a75ae72440a","word":"plaza","definition":"An open public space in a city or town.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plaza","language_family":"latin","root":"platea","root_meaning":"broad street, open space","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plaza","meaning":"open public space","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"plaza","meaning":"public square","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"platea","meaning":"broad street, courtyard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plateia","meaning":"broad way","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["place","plate","piazza","plateau"],"synonyms":[{"word":"square","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piazza","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"courtyard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"public space","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"e6e210d8-ca0d-47c1-9b01-1acac9459f1f","word":"plea","definition":"An urgent request or appeal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pleito","language_family":"french","root":"plaid","root_meaning":"lawsuit, legal action","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plea","meaning":"appeal, entreaty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plaid","meaning":"lawsuit, legal action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"placitum","meaning":"decree, opinion","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plead","pleasable","pleader","plea-bargain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appeal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entreaty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"request","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"6dbbd7dc-c82e-4d52-abfd-5aef6d6f3648","word":"plead","definition":"To make an emotional appeal, or to present a case in a court of law.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"plaidier","root_meaning":"to argue a case, to litigate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plead","meaning":"make an appeal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pledian","meaning":"to litigate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plaidier","meaning":"to argue a case","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"placitum","meaning":"a decree, plea, lawsuit","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plea","pleading","pleadings","plaintiff"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appeal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beg","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"implore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"entreat","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"b9faf7ef-56f2-4266-944a-805ceac91591","word":"pleasant","definition":"Giving a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment; agreeable or pleasurable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"placentero","language_family":"french","root":"plaisant","root_meaning":"pleasing","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pleasant","meaning":"agreeable, enjoyable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plaisant","meaning":"pleasing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"placere","meaning":"to please","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["please","pleasure","complacent","unpleasant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enjoyable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delightful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"1adaa183-d618-4a85-8178-d628485b51e7","word":"please","definition":"To give satisfaction or pleasure; used as a polite request word.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"placer","language_family":"latin","root":"placere","root_meaning":"to be pleasing, to satisfy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"please","meaning":"to give pleasure; polite request","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"plese","meaning":"to satisfy, be pleasing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plaire","meaning":"to please, satisfy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"placere","meaning":"to be pleasing, satisfy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pleasure","pleasing","pleased","pleasant","placate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"satisfy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gratify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"oblige","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.490Z"}
{"id":"0413fb42-42ff-4626-a7bc-878b9845c1bb","word":"pleasure","definition":"A feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction derived from an experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"placer","language_family":"french","root":"plaisir","root_meaning":"to please","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*plak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pleasure","meaning":"feeling of enjoyment or satisfaction","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"plesure / plesaunce","meaning":"enjoyment, delight","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"plaisir","meaning":"to please, please","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"placere","meaning":"to please, be agreeable","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*plak-","meaning":"to be flat, to please","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["please","pleasant","pleasurable","displeasure","pleasantry","complacent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enjoyment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gratification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"felicity","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"35af51ea-0129-4be5-9f4b-d73d14d018e9","word":"pledge","definition":"A solemn promise or undertaking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prenda","language_family":"french","root":"plege","root_meaning":"security, guarantee","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pledge","meaning":"A solemn promise","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plege","meaning":"security, guarantee, hostage","children":[{"era":"early medieval","word":"plebium","meaning":"security, pledge","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plight","replevin","pledgee","pledgor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"promise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commitment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"2a06febb-d214-4f6d-9e4f-7b8b2981c096","word":"plenty","definition":"A large or sufficient amount or quantity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plenitud","language_family":"latin","root":"plēnus","root_meaning":"full","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"13th century","word":"plenty","meaning":"fullness, abundance","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"plenté","meaning":"abundance, profusion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plēnitās","meaning":"fullness, completeness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plēnus","meaning":"full","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*pleh₁-","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["full","plenitude","complete","replenish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abundance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ample","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profusion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"886c5c21-1165-487e-8f8f-d251f485c478","word":"plow","definition":"To break and turn over soil with a plow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"plōg","root_meaning":"plow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*plōgaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plow","meaning":"to break and turn over soil with a plow","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English plow, plough","meaning":"a plow; to plow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English plōg","meaning":"plow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *plōgaz","meaning":"plow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plough","plowman","plowshare","plowing","ploughed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"till","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cultivate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"turn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"6a8ae74e-91e6-43df-b67f-55e421d4da5d","word":"plug","definition":"An object, typically cylindrical or conical, used for stopping a hole or filling a gap tightly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"plugge","root_meaning":"peg, stopper","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plug","meaning":"stopper","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"plugge","meaning":"stopper, peg","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["peg","block","bung","stopper","spigot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stopper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bung","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cork","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spigot","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"6238ddfd-789c-4ce5-a2bf-b57c55314ba0","word":"plum","definition":"A plum is a sweet, fleshy stone fruit of the genus Prunus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"prunum","root_meaning":"plum","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plum","meaning":"a plum fruit","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English plume","meaning":"plum","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English plume/plūme","meaning":"plum","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin prunum","meaning":"plum","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prune","prunus","plummy","plumcake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prune","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stone fruit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"drupe","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"5c81af88-3d5c-43b5-a90d-3d664b1a8919","word":"plumb","definition":"To measure the depth of something; to explore or examine profoundly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"plumbum","root_meaning":"lead (metal)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plumb","meaning":"To measure the depth of something; to explore or examine profoundly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aplomb","meaning":"perpendicularly, straight down","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plumbum","meaning":"lead (used for sounding lines)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plumber","aplomb","plummet","leading"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fathom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explore","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"fe5f53af-d5e9-41f1-be63-b8a6e9a3475c","word":"plunge","definition":"To fall, dive, or move suddenly downward or into something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"plongier","root_meaning":"to dive, sink, or plunge","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plunge","meaning":"to dive or descend suddenly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"plongier","meaning":"to dive or sink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plumbum","meaning":"lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plunged","plunging","plunger","plunge pool"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"descend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"drop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"9584c9d8-8bb2-4c27-b1c9-3eeb41795acb","word":"plus","definition":"With the addition of; indicating that something is to be added.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"plus","language_family":"latin","root":"plus","root_meaning":"more","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"plus","meaning":"addition of; more","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"plus","meaning":"more","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*pleu-","meaning":"to flow, to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plural","plurality","surplus","plumber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"and","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"with","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"added to","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"6966ef56-79a7-4fb0-97d3-6d6ba6b7c2ae","word":"plutonium","definition":"A radioactive metallic element (atomic number 94) first synthesized in 1940 and named after the planet Pluto.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plutonio","language_family":"greek","root":"Plouton","root_meaning":"the rich one; god of the underworld","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1940s","word":"plutonium","meaning":"radioactive element 94","children":[{"era":"1930","word":"Pluto","meaning":"outermost known planet at time of naming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Pluto","meaning":"god of the underworld","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Plouton","meaning":"the wealthy one, lord of the dead","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ploutos","meaning":"wealth, riches","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Pluto","plutocracy","plutocrat","plutonic","neptunium","uranium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Pu","formality":"technical"},{"word":"element 94","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"2df5c193-8b20-49be-86df-6bfef2928917","word":"pneumonia","definition":"Lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, filling air sacs with pus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"neumonía","language_family":"greek","root":"pneumon","root_meaning":"lung","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pneumonia","meaning":"lung inflammation","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"pneumonia","meaning":"lung disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pneumōn","meaning":"lung","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pneumatic","pneumatics","apnoea","dyspnea"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lung infection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pulmonary inflammation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"45514c5b-f458-448a-a882-0c1a3a8a5e2a","word":"pocket","definition":"A small pouch or compartment, typically sewn into clothing to hold small items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"poche","root_meaning":"pouch, pocket","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pocket","meaning":"a small pouch in clothing","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pocket","meaning":"small pouch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poche","meaning":"pouch, pocket","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pokka","meaning":"pouch","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poke","poach","pocketbook","pocketful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pouch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"compartment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"receptacle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"4ca51b47-2fc3-4a4e-9e09-43dfadd2f516","word":"poem","definition":"A piece of writing with rhythmic and sometimes rhyming language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"poema","language_family":"greek","root":"poiēma","root_meaning":"a thing made, a creation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"poíēma (ποίημα)","meaning":"A thing made or created, a work of poetry. From poiein (to make, create).","children":[{"era":"1540s","word":"poem","meaning":"A composition in verse.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"poema","meaning":"Poem.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["poet","poetry","poetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"verse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rhyme","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lyric","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"fc1e2a49-051d-4b6b-b388-116792a05536","word":"poet","definition":"A person who writes poems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"poeta","language_family":"greek","root":"poietes","root_meaning":"maker, creator","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*kweh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poet","meaning":"writer of poems","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"poete","meaning":"poet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poeta","meaning":"poet","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"poietes","meaning":"maker, composer","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"poiein","meaning":"to make, to create","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kweh₁-","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poem","poetry","poetic","posey","epic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bard","formality":"literary"},{"word":"versifier","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rhymester","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"38964ad4-50c1-4f74-88df-99015273d06b","word":"poetic","definition":"Poetic means relating to poetry or to poets.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"poético","language_family":"greek","root":"poiein","root_meaning":"to make, create","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poetic","meaning":"relating to poetry or to poets","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poet","meaning":"poet; maker","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poiētēs","meaning":"maker, author, poet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poiein","meaning":"to make, create, compose","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ic","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning relating to or having the nature of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-ikos","meaning":"pertaining to; in the manner of","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poet","poetry","poetess","poetical","poetically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lyrical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imaginative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poetical","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"936525c5-b99a-4928-942c-937b48aba4cd","word":"poetry","definition":"Literary work composed in verse with rhythmic and aesthetic qualities that evoke emotion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"poesía","language_family":"greek","root":"poiesis","root_meaning":"a making or creation","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poetry","meaning":"artistic composition in verse form","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"poetry","meaning":"poetic art or works","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poetrie","meaning":"poetry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poetria","meaning":"poetry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poiesis","meaning":"a making, creation","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poet","poetic","poetical","poetize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"verse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"poems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poesy","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"2cef4990-d057-41ea-b893-bcde3b88ad51","word":"point","definition":"A sharp or tappered end; a specific location or moment; the main idea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"punto","language_family":"latin","root":"punctum","root_meaning":"a prick or puncture","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"point","meaning":"sharp end or main idea","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"point","meaning":"sharp end, dot, issue","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pointe","meaning":"sharp end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"punctum","meaning":"prick, puncture, mark","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pointed","pointer","pointless","punctual","puncture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"location","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purpose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gist","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"1b97cad0-b549-45a5-801b-b05adda85f04","word":"pointless","definition":"Having no purpose or meaning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"point, -less","root_meaning":"prick, dot; without","root_language":"Old French, Old English","root_era":"1200s, pre-1100","proto_root":"*peuk-, *leu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pointless","meaning":"Having no purpose or meaning.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"point","meaning":"a distinct moment or place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"point","meaning":"a prick, a dot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"punctus","meaning":"a prick, a point","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pungere","meaning":"to prick, sting","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*peuk-","meaning":"to prick","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-leas","meaning":"without, free from","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*leu-","meaning":"to loosen, cut apart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["point","pointed","pointer","meaningless","hopeless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"futile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"senseless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meaningless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"4a02d7ed-edd9-40e1-8607-6880ab5463bc","word":"points","definition":"Plural of point; units of value in scoring, or specific locations or moments in space or time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"puntos","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin punctum","root_meaning":"a prick, dot, spot, small mark","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"points","meaning":"scoring units or specific locations","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"point","meaning":"sharp end, dot, particular place","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pointe","meaning":"dot, mark, sharp end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"punctum","meaning":"a prick, puncture, dot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["point","pointy","pointed","pointers"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scores","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dots","formality":"informal"},{"word":"locations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"4b0fe6b5-20a5-42ba-8345-27d89c537d49","word":"poison","definition":"A substance that causes illness, injury, or death when introduced into a living organism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ponzoña","language_family":"french","root":"potio","root_meaning":"a drink, potion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poison","meaning":"toxic substance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"poison","meaning":"a drink, potion, poisonous drink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potionem","meaning":"a drinking, a potion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potare","meaning":"to drink","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*peh₃-","meaning":"to drink","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["potion","potable","poison ivy","poisonous","antidote"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toxin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"venom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bane","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"70755b15-3e5e-41a7-9d57-0bd62429b2e6","word":"poke","definition":"To prod or jab (someone or something) with one's finger or a pointed object.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pokken","root_meaning":"to prod","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poke","meaning":"to jab","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pokken","meaning":"to prod","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poker","pocket","pock","pouch","poky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nudge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thrust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"e5e5b8c2-e74e-4127-be98-15e0395cea1f","word":"poker","definition":"A card game of skill and chance, or a stick for stirring a fire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"poken","root_meaning":"to thrust, poke","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poker","meaning":"card game or fire stick","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"poke","meaning":"to thrust or poke","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"poken","meaning":"to poke, thrust","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poke","poking","poked","pokeweed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"card game","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fireplace stick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoker","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"f6550165-e519-435f-b031-2bbde773c9c7","word":"polar","definition":"Relating to or situated at or near one of the Earth's poles.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"polar","language_family":"latin","root":"polaris","root_meaning":"of the pole","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":null,"proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"polar","meaning":"Relating to the poles","children":[{"era":null,"word":"polaris","meaning":"of the pole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polus","meaning":"end of an axis, pole","children":[{"era":null,"word":"πόλος (polos)","meaning":"pivot, axis, sky","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pole","polarity","circumpolar","bipolar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arctic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antarctic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"a08b8ec1-1dc0-40f2-9fed-fb7fb0c6be92","word":"pole","definition":"Either of the two points at the opposite ends of the axis of rotation of the earth or any other celestial body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"polo","language_family":"greek","root":"polus","root_meaning":"axis, pivot","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pole","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polus","meaning":"pole, end of an axis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polos","meaning":"pivot, axis, sky","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pel-","meaning":"to revolve, turn","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["polar","polarity","circumpolar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"axis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"extremity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"c6638b9e-dd2f-4bcb-af1d-69e3fb1665e1","word":"police","definition":"A civil force responsible for maintaining public order and enforcing laws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"policía","language_family":"french","root":"politeia","root_meaning":"citizenship, state, government","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"police","meaning":"civil law enforcement force","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"police","meaning":"civil administration and order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politeia","meaning":"citizenship, government, state","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["policing","police-officer","policed","polis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"law enforcement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constabulary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"force","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"dc292aa2-3e2d-4038-836f-28b4412419c5","word":"policies","definition":"Courses of action or principles adopted by governments, organizations, or individuals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"políticas","language_family":"greek","root":"politeia","root_meaning":"government, citizenship","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"policies","meaning":"courses of action","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"policy","meaning":"government","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politeia","meaning":"government, state","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["policy","political","politics","politician"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principles","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rules","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidelines","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"798db2c1-5061-4aac-8a7f-8e7ae6b79e6b","word":"policy","definition":"A course of action adopted and pursued by a government, organization, or person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"póliza","language_family":"french","root":"politeia","root_meaning":"citizenship, government, condition of citizens","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"policy","meaning":"course of action","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"policie","meaning":"government, administration","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"policie","meaning":"administration, governance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politeia","meaning":"citizenship, government","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["policyholder","policies","political","politics","polity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strategy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guidelines","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"db7c1c97-b8af-4ebd-82e3-0c74f9c5cd51","word":"polish","definition":"To make a surface smooth and shiny by rubbing it; to improve or refine.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pulir","language_family":"latin","root":"polire","root_meaning":"to smooth, to shine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"polish","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"polisshen","meaning":"to polish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"polir","meaning":"to polish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polire","meaning":"to smooth, to shine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["polite","polished","polisher","repolish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"7fa40321-411f-4f48-a7db-bf34d6bf9d2c","word":"polite","definition":"Showing regard for others in manners, speech, and behavior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pulido","language_family":"latin","root":"politus","root_meaning":"polished, refined","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"polite","meaning":"Showing regard for others","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"polit","meaning":"polished, refined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politus","meaning":"polished, refined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polire","meaning":"to polish, refine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["polish","impolite","politeness","politesse","polity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courteous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"respectful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"civil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mannerly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"296fa214-268a-4e37-8ded-030dc5397059","word":"political","definition":"Relating to the government, public affairs, or the activities of politicians.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"político","language_family":"greek","root":"politikos","root_meaning":"of citizens or the state","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"political","meaning":"relating to government and public affairs","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"political","meaning":"of or relating to the state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politicus","meaning":"of the state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politikos","meaning":"of citizens, relating to the state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polis","meaning":"city-state","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["politics","politician","polity","politico"],"synonyms":[{"word":"governmental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"civic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"37dd1d2d-5c15-4860-8bda-ca441ba91d35","word":"politically","definition":"In a manner related to politics or government.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"políticamente","language_family":"greek","root":"polis","root_meaning":"city, state","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"politically","meaning":"in a political manner","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"political","meaning":"relating to politics or government","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"politic","meaning":"wise, prudent; later relating to public affairs","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"politique","meaning":"political; civil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politikos","meaning":"of citizens; civil, political","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polis","meaning":"city; city-state","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["political","politics","politician","polity","politic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diplomatically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"governmentally","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partisanly","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"d2bb2837-b7fa-4541-99f6-e07b25af5e9b","word":"politician","definition":"A person actively involved in politics, especially as a holder of or a candidate for an elected office.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"político","language_family":"latin","root":"politicus","root_meaning":"of citizens, civil, pertaining to the state","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"politician","meaning":"A person actively involved in politics.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"politician","meaning":"one skilled in politics, a statesman","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"politique","meaning":"political, statesman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politicus","meaning":"of citizens, civil, pertaining to the state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"πολιτικός (politikós)","meaning":"of citizens, pertaining to the state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"πόλις (pólis)","meaning":"city, state","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["policy","politics","polite","metropolitan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"statesman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legislator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"officeholder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"29771b8e-4ea8-41e1-a7e1-cf01bcd272ce","word":"politics","definition":"The activities or affairs of government, public institutions, and how people acquire and exercise power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"política","language_family":"greek","root":"polis","root_meaning":"city-state or city","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pele-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"politics","meaning":"governmental affairs","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"politics","meaning":"science of government","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"politica","meaning":"of citizens or the state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polis","meaning":"city-state","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["political","politician","politicize","polity","police"],"synonyms":[{"word":"government","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statecraft","formality":"formal"},{"word":"governance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"civics","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2b04d1ee-6f4f-4a68-ba28-b9dc493c5609","word":"poll","definition":"The process of voting in an election, or a survey of public opinion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"polle","root_meaning":"head, top of the head","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poll","meaning":"The process of voting in an election, or a survey of public opinion.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"polle","meaning":"head, top of the head","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["polling","head","pollster","by-election"],"synonyms":[{"word":"survey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"election","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"2efc4ed2-d6ff-4b6e-b6a8-456f76e29354","word":"pollen","definition":"The fine powder produced in the anthers of flowers that carries the male gametes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"polen","language_family":"latin","root":"pollen","root_meaning":"fine flour; mill dust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pollen","meaning":"fine flower dust used in fertilization","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pollen","meaning":"fine flour; mill dust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pollinate","pollination","pollinator","polenta","pulverize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spores","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"5bb6038b-72cc-43ca-a7a5-b33845ce428f","word":"pollution","definition":"The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"polución","language_family":"latin","root":"pollutio","root_meaning":"a washing over, defilement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pollution","meaning":"The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pollution","meaning":"defilement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pollutio","meaning":"a washing over, defilement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"polluere","meaning":"to soil, defile","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pollute","pollutant","polluter","unpolluted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contamination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defilement","formality":"literary"},{"word":"taint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"bd4c5165-6c93-4089-9f05-07a318a6dddb","word":"polymer","definition":"A substance consisting of very large molecules or macromolecules, composed of many repeating structural units.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"polímero","language_family":"greek","root":"polus + meros","root_meaning":"many + part","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*pleh₁- + *smei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"polymer","meaning":"substance of repeating units","children":[{"era":"1833","word":"Polymer","meaning":"polymer (coined term)","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"polus","meaning":"many","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"ancient","word":"meros","meaning":"part","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["monomer","dimer","isomer","polymerize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"macromolecule","formality":"technical"},{"word":"plastic","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"cb36dec1-771c-40c6-869d-b2ba3acb7b6f","word":"polyphonic","definition":"Producing many sounds simultaneously; having two or more parts or voices.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"polifónico","language_family":"greek","root":"polyphōnos","root_meaning":"many-voiced","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"polyphonic","meaning":"many sounds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poly-","meaning":"many","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-phonos","meaning":"voice, sound","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["polyphony","monophonic","symphony","phonetics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"multivoiced","formality":"technical"},{"word":"contrapuntal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"921a4134-1ae2-459d-8ac7-e62f51378440","word":"pond","definition":"A small body of still water formed naturally or by artificial means.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pund","root_meaning":"enclosure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pond","meaning":"A small body of still water.","children":[{"era":"12th-15th century","word":"pond","meaning":"small body of water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pund","meaning":"enclosure","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pound (enclosure)","confine","enclosed","pool"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mere","formality":"literary"},{"word":"tarn","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lakelet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"b84a8700-99e6-4ba8-810e-feb4508d5d8b","word":"pong","definition":"Pong is an informal word for a strong unpleasant smell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pong","meaning":"a strong unpleasant smell","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"pong","meaning":"an unpleasant smell, probably expressive or imitative in origin","children":[],"language":"English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pongy","ponging","pongs","ping-pong"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stink","formality":"informal"},{"word":"reek","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stench","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"bcb4b73e-410e-499a-a479-5a6fd846fcd6","word":"pony","definition":"A small horse, especially one of a breed with a height at the shoulder of 14.2 hands or less.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"poulenet","root_meaning":"young colt","root_language":"Anglo-Norman French","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pony","meaning":"small horse","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"poulenet","meaning":"young colt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"poulain","meaning":"colt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pullus","meaning":"young animal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foal","poultry","pullet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"palfrey","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"charger","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mount","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"f777c1f6-2c1d-47e8-bbfb-b5ad61312ac7","word":"poo","definition":"Excrement; to defecate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":"imitative sound","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poo","meaning":"excrement or to defecate","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"poo","meaning":"imitative sound associated with defecation","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poop","poot","potty","excrement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excrement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feces","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dung","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"4e8af915-9f8d-4c22-90ed-e13e457b6d09","word":"poodle","definition":"A poodle is a breed of dog originally associated with retrieving from water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pudeln","root_meaning":"to splash about in water","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poodle","meaning":"a breed of dog","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Pudel","meaning":"a water dog breed","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"pudeln","meaning":"to splash about in water","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Pudel","pudeln","puddle","puddling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"water dog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"French poodle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"03616078-8048-4abf-9cb6-4c5a80ed0737","word":"poof","definition":"An exclamation or sound word suggesting a sudden puff, pop, or disappearance.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poof","meaning":"an exclamation imitating a sudden puff or disappearance","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["puff","poofy","poofed","poofing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"whoosh","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"80c62791-fc40-45f4-88f6-4dd519b80a4c","word":"pooh","definition":"used to express contempt, disbelief, or dismissive rejection.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pooh","meaning":"used to express contempt, disbelief, or dismissal","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"pooh","meaning":"an imitative dismissive utterance","children":[],"language":"expressive sound"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pooh-pooh","pshaw","phooey","bah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pshaw","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"bah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"phooey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"7f58bdbe-f7c5-481b-b046-ce582c83c87e","word":"pool","definition":"A small body of water, or a shared group of resources or people available for a common purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pōl","root_meaning":"a body of water","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pool","meaning":"body of water or shared resources","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pool","meaning":"small body of water","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pōl","meaning":"body of water","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pooled","pooling","puddle","carpool"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reservoir","formality":"formal"},{"word":"amalgamation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"6a858f5c-f594-4ea3-9426-ed63e5d8b3a4","word":"poor","definition":"Lacking money or material possessions; having little wealth.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pobre","language_family":"latin","root":"Old French povre","root_meaning":"poor, pauper","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poor","meaning":"lacking wealth or possessions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poure","meaning":"poor","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"povre","meaning":"poor, pauper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pauper","meaning":"poor person","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poverty","poorly","pauper","impoverish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impoverished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"needy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destitute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"7b5e1109-d7cd-4329-848e-007c19f5c84b","word":"poorly","definition":"In a poor manner; badly or unsatisfactorily.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"pobremente","language_family":"latin","root":"pauper","root_meaning":"poor, not wealthy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₂u-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poorly","meaning":"In a poor manner; badly or unsatisfactorily.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"poorly","meaning":"in a poor condition, without wealth","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"poor","meaning":"poor, wretched","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pauper","meaning":"poor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poor","poverty","impoverish","poorness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"badly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inadequately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unfavorably","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"5c6a8a49-08bb-4bd1-83c7-ff102f28e45a","word":"pop","definition":"A sudden sharp sound; a popular music genre; or to move or burst suddenly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"poppen","root_meaning":"to burst, to jump","root_language":"Dutch/Germanic","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pop","meaning":"sudden sound; popular music","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pop","meaning":"to burst, to make sudden sound","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"poppen","meaning":"to burst, to jump","children":[],"language":"Dutch/Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["popper","popcorn","popping","popular"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bang","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"abb87979-73ea-4669-a31c-71dd64f8305b","word":"popcorn","definition":"A variety of corn that bursts open when heated, forming fluffy white kernels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pop + corn","root_meaning":"sudden sound + grain","root_language":"English / Old English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"popcorn","meaning":"popped corn","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pop","meaning":"onomatopoeic for a sudden burst","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"corn","meaning":"grain, kernel","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"*kornam","meaning":"grain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pop","corn","popping","cornfield"],"synonyms":[{"word":"popped maize","formality":"technical"},{"word":"snack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"783cd229-6d72-4a2a-8a0f-8ad250e6b5cd","word":"pope","definition":"The Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"papa","language_family":"greek","root":"papas","root_meaning":"father","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pope","meaning":"head of Catholic Church","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"papa","meaning":"father, bishop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papa","meaning":"father","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pappas","meaning":"father","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["papal","popedom","pope-like","father","patriarch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pontiff","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Bishop of Rome","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Holy Father","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"05a1b8aa-30da-4dc3-98cf-be0b7eee9bec","word":"poppy","definition":"A flowering plant with often showy flowers, typically red, from which opium and heroin can be derived.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"papaver","root_meaning":"poppy plant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poppy","meaning":"flowering plant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"popi","meaning":"poppy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"popig","meaning":"poppy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papaver","meaning":"poppy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opium","papaverine","flower","plant","bloom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloom","formality":"literary"},{"word":"papaver","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"f4596fdb-da5d-4c36-b9ee-642dfe86c06c","word":"popular","definition":"Liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"popular","language_family":"latin","root":"popularis","root_meaning":"of the people","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"popular","meaning":"liked by many people","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"popular","meaning":"of the people","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"populaire","meaning":"of the people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"popularis","meaning":"of the people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"populus","meaning":"people","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["popularity","popularly","populace","populate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"well-liked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beloved","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fashionable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"433aef36-0e75-47ce-bd4b-4ead9c93c676","word":"popularity","definition":"The state or condition of being liked, admired, or supported by many people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"popularidad","language_family":"latin","root":"popularitas","root_meaning":"the multitude, the common people","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"popularity","meaning":"state of being liked by many","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"popularitas","meaning":"the multitude, the common people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"popularis","meaning":"of the people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"populus","meaning":"people","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["public","populace","people","popularize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renown","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prevalence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"b0059065-c632-41bf-8432-14ddee52593d","word":"population","definition":"The total number of people living in a given area; inhabitants of a place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"población","language_family":"latin","root":"populus","root_meaning":"people","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*populo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"population","meaning":"total number of inhabitants","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"population","meaning":"people, inhabitants","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"populatio","meaning":"settling of people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"populus","meaning":"people","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["populate","popular","populous","population"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inhabitants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"residents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"citizenry","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"922ea2e0-0d8a-4152-8506-17add70c7c28","word":"porch","definition":"a covered shelter projecting in front of the entrance to a building.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pórtico","language_family":"latin","root":"porticus","root_meaning":"colonnade, covered walk","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"porch","meaning":"building entrance shelter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"porche","meaning":"porch, gate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"porticus","meaning":"colonnade, covered walk","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["portal","portico","porter","door"],"synonyms":[{"word":"veranda","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"balcony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portico","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"ee1bd79e-0350-4cc0-8f56-4f4f0989a44a","word":"porn","definition":"explicit sexual material intended to arouse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"porno","language_family":"greek","root":"πόρνη (pornē)","root_meaning":"prostitute","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"porn","meaning":"explicit sexual material","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"pornography","meaning":"obscene writing/drawing","children":[{"era":"1800s (coined)","word":"πορνογραφία (pornographia)","meaning":"writing about prostitutes","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"πόρνη (pornē)","meaning":"prostitute","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"800s BCE","word":"γράφειν (graphein)","meaning":"to write","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pornography","porneia","graphic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"erotica","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obscenity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"b5791a40-10ac-4aeb-9051-b06988cecb18","word":"porno","definition":"Pornographic material, especially a film, magazine, or image.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"porno","language_family":"greek","root":"pornographía","root_meaning":"writing about prostitutes","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"porno","meaning":"pornographic material","children":[{"era":"1850s","word":"pornographic","meaning":"of or relating to pornography","children":[{"era":"mid-1800s","word":"pornography","meaning":"writings or images about prostitution or sexual matters","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pornographía","meaning":"writing about prostitutes","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pornography","pornographic","pornographer","porn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"porn","formality":"informal"},{"word":"smut","formality":"informal"},{"word":"adult material","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"9b3b4996-569b-4fc7-bfc9-b778013e1ba3","word":"pornography","definition":"Printed, visual, or digital material intended to provoke sexual arousal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pornografía","language_family":"greek","root":"pornographia","root_meaning":"writing about prostitutes","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pornography","meaning":"material intended to provoke sexual arousal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pornographia","meaning":"writing about prostitutes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pornē","meaning":"prostitute","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"graphē","meaning":"writing","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pornographic","pornographer","pornographize","porn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"erotica","formality":"formal"},{"word":"smut","formality":"informal"},{"word":"adult material","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"427d74e6-9e90-48ad-922c-382280b4770c","word":"port","definition":"A harbor where ships dock; the left side of a ship; a sweet fortified wine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"puerto","language_family":"latin","root":"portus","root_meaning":"harbor, haven","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"port","meaning":"harbor; ship side; wine type","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"port","meaning":"harbor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portus","meaning":"harbor, haven","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*per-","meaning":"to go through, traverse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["portal","portage","porter","airport"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harbor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"haven","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"33958f7b-35c3-4df1-89cd-78d5de3a3dc4","word":"portable","definition":"Able to be easily carried or moved from place to place.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"portable","language_family":"latin","root":"portabilis","root_meaning":"able to be carried","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"portable","meaning":"able to be carried or moved","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"portable","meaning":"capable of being carried","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portabilis","meaning":"able to be carried","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portare","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["port","porter","portage","transport","report"],"synonyms":[{"word":"movable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transportable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"handy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"lightweight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"d1714ab9-39cf-4f37-a19e-e34328f6793f","word":"portal","definition":"A doorway, gate, or entrance, especially a grand or impressive one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"portal","language_family":"latin","root":"porta","root_meaning":"gate, door","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"portal","meaning":"doorway or gate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"portal","meaning":"entrance, gateway","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"portale","meaning":"gateway, entrance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"porta","meaning":"gate, door","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["port","portage","portable","import","export"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gateway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doorway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"88d091a9-c097-4bae-8b2f-75f13c888ae0","word":"porter","definition":"A person employed to carry luggage and other loads.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"portero","language_family":"latin","root":"portare","root_meaning":"to carry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"porter","meaning":"a person who carries luggage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"porter","meaning":"gatekeeper, doorkeeper, carrier","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portare","meaning":"to carry","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*per-","meaning":"to lead, pass over","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["portable","transport","support","important","report","export"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bearer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"luggage handler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"0065061a-0e78-4e35-b180-7351b87cfac8","word":"portfolio","definition":"A collection of investments or a case for carrying documents and artwork.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"portafolio","language_family":"latin","root":"portare + folium","root_meaning":"to carry + leaf, sheet","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- and *bhel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"portfolio","meaning":"collection of investments or case for documents","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"portfolio","meaning":"case for documents, collection of investments","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"portfolio","meaning":"case for carrying papers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portare + foglio","meaning":"to carry + leaf, sheet","children":[],"language":"Italian/Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["port","portable","folio","portfolio","carry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assets","formality":"technical"},{"word":"case","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"466eb0ac-5af3-417a-bfab-22c7020be0b4","word":"portion","definition":"A part of a whole; a share.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"porción","language_family":"latin","root":"portio","root_meaning":"share, part, division","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"portion","meaning":"a part or share","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"porcion","meaning":"a part, share","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portionem","meaning":"a share, part, division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"portio","meaning":"share, part","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*per-","meaning":"to distribute, allot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["part","parse","depart","impartial","compartment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"share","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allotment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"840cd945-2e86-4ff7-9f1d-a61120434539","word":"portrait","definition":"A likeness of a person, especially of the face, drawn, painted, photographed, or sculptured.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retrato","language_family":"french","root":"protrahere","root_meaning":"to draw forth, bring to light","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*trāgʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"portrait","meaning":"likeness of a person","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"portrait","meaning":"portrayal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"portraire","meaning":"to draw, depict","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"protrahere","meaning":"to draw forth, bring to light","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["portray","trace","tract","traction","abstract","retract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"likeness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depiction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"dcf134ab-24bb-4321-a5ca-fbc1037790b9","word":"portuguese","definition":"Relating to Portugal, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"portugués","language_family":"latin","root":"Portugues","root_meaning":"relating to Portucale (ancient name for Portugal)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"14th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Portuguese","meaning":"relating to Portugal","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"Portugues","meaning":"Portuguese","children":[{"era":"5th century","word":"Portucale","meaning":"ancient name for Portugal","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Portugal","Lusitanian","Galician","Iberian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Lusitanian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Iberian","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"84315994-54de-4dda-bec2-22095e65bf75","word":"pose","definition":"To place or arrange in a specific position; to assume an attitude for artistic purposes.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"posar","language_family":"latin","root":"ponere","root_meaning":"to put, place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pose","meaning":"to place, assume an attitude","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"poser","meaning":"to put, place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to put, place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["position","compose","expose","impose","transpose","deposit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"situate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"e0f90978-be33-48f7-a6e1-769e14bbeebb","word":"position","definition":"A place, location, or arrangement where something or someone is situated, or a job or role.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"posición","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin ponere","root_meaning":"to place, put, set down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"position","meaning":"placement, location, or role","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"position","meaning":"location, arrangement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"position","meaning":"placement, proposition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"positio","meaning":"placement, arrangement, position","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["position","positioned","positive","posit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"location","formality":"formal"},{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"job","formality":"informal"},{"word":"status","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"5c4e36b6-03ae-4b63-9a32-66ba915ec80e","word":"positions","definition":"Plural of position; places, locations, or situations where something or someone is situated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"posición","language_family":"latin","root":"positus","root_meaning":"placed, situated","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"positions","meaning":"plural of position","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"position","meaning":"place or location","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"positus","meaning":"placed, situated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place, put","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["position","positional","posit","apposition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"locations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"places","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standings","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"cc2fd556-4cb8-4153-ade6-dd3baeec35ad","word":"positive","definition":"Expressing or characterized by affirmation, certainty, or acceptance rather than negation or doubt.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"positivo","language_family":"latin","root":"positus","root_meaning":"placed or positioned","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*apo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"positive","meaning":"affirmative or certain","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"positive","meaning":"formally laid down or definite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"positivus","meaning":"relating to position or positus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"positus","meaning":"placed or put","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["position","positivity","posit","position","composite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"affirmative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"certain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"optimistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constructive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"85c016f0-9123-4878-89e0-83c7520c41c6","word":"posse","definition":"A group of people, especially armed civilians, summoned to assist law enforcement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"poder","language_family":"latin","root":"potis","root_meaning":"able, powerful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*poti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"posse","meaning":"a group summoned to assist law enforcement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"posse","meaning":"to be able","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potis","meaning":"able; powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possible","power","potent","potency","potentate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detachment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sheriff's party","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"f4e6ad9b-1b38-42ba-8cbd-d2c192bc72a3","word":"possess","definition":"To have or own something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"poseer","language_family":"latin","root":"possidere","root_meaning":"to have, to be master of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pot- + *sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"possess","meaning":"to own","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"possidere","meaning":"to have, be master of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possession","possessive","dispossess","repossess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"own","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"have","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"command","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"5bc774fc-df79-4a95-9a3f-435a3151c2ce","word":"possession","definition":"The state of having, owning, or controlling something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"posesión","language_family":"latin","root":"possessio","root_meaning":"a possessing, possession","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*potis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"possession","meaning":"the state of owning","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"possession","meaning":"possession, property","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"possessio","meaning":"a possessing (from possessus, past participle of possidere 'to possess')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potis","meaning":"powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sedere","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possess","possessive","possible","potent","sedentary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ownership","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"686b8a61-0d8d-4d59-862f-44684aeef1e0","word":"possibility","definition":"A thing that may happen or be the case, or the state of being able to happen, exist, or be done.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"posibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"possibilis","root_meaning":"able to be done, potential","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical (Latin), 1300s (English via French)","proto_root":"*pot-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"possibility","meaning":"a thing that may happen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"possibilité","meaning":"ability to be","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"possibilitas","meaning":"possibility","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"possibilis","meaning":"possible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"posse","meaning":"to be able","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possible","impossible","potential","potent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"likelihood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feasibility","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"82c9b33d-4ee9-4471-a67c-345a148dc945","word":"possible","definition":"Able to be done or achieved; capable of happening or being true.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"posible","language_family":"latin","root":"possibilis","root_meaning":"able to be done, feasible","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"possible","meaning":"able to be done or happen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"possible","meaning":"feasible, able to be done","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"possibilis","meaning":"able to be done","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possibility","possibly","possum","possess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feasible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"doable","formality":"informal"},{"word":"conceivable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"e74497bd-ddc2-4e03-ab18-0d8f053d7a0a","word":"possibly","definition":"Perhaps; used to express that something may be the case or may occur.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"posiblemente","language_family":"latin","root":"posse","root_meaning":"to be able","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*poti- + *h1es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"possibly","meaning":"perhaps, conceivably","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"possible + -ly","meaning":"in a possible manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"possible","meaning":"capable of existing or occurring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"possibilis","meaning":"that can be done","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"posse","meaning":"to be able","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["possible","possibility","impossible","impossibly","potent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perhaps","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maybe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"conceivably","formality":"formal"},{"word":"perchance","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"0b7f1b56-5609-4d59-975c-b7676b270e60","word":"possum","definition":"A possum is a nocturnal marsupial, especially one from Australia or nearby regions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"*wa·p-aʔθemwa","root_meaning":"white dog","root_language":"Proto-Algonquian","root_era":"pre-Columbian","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"possum","meaning":"a nocturnal marsupial, especially one from Australia or nearby regions","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"opossum","meaning":"opossum","children":[{"era":"pre-Columbian","word":"aposoum","meaning":"white animal","children":[{"era":"pre-Columbian","word":"*wa·p-aʔθemwa","meaning":"white dog","children":[],"language":"Proto-Algonquian"}],"language":"Powhatan"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["opossum","brushtail possum","ringtail possum","common possum","possumwood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opossum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marsupial","formality":"technical"},{"word":"phalanger","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"a633a6a7-ea14-451c-8560-3d23944eba09","word":"post","definition":"A vertical support or pillar; to display or announce publicly; to send mail.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"poste","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin postis","root_meaning":"post, stake, pole","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"post","meaning":"pole, to publish, mail service","children":[{"era":"1100-1400","word":"post","meaning":"stake, pole, to station","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"postis","meaning":"post, stake, pillar","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["posting","poster","mailpost","bedpost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pillar","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"2cef4e1f-1981-474b-9302-7bd60b6c8e4d","word":"postal","definition":"Relating to the mail system or post office.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"postal","language_family":"latin","root":"post","root_meaning":"place where horses are stationed for relay","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"postal","meaning":"relating to mail or post office","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"postal","meaning":"relating to post or mail","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"post","meaning":"mail station","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"posta","meaning":"mail station","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"positus","meaning":"placed, stationed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Italian"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["post","postage","postman","postcard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mail-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"epistolary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"0d02d738-3a09-4c6e-ac83-20b674569076","word":"posted","definition":"Displayed publicly or sent to an online platform.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"posteado","language_family":"latin","root":"postis","root_meaning":"post, doorpost","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"posted","meaning":"displayed publicly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"post","meaning":"to fix or attach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"postis","meaning":"post, doorpost","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["post","posting","poster","postage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"displayed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"published","formality":"formal"},{"word":"uploaded","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"4c2cc106-2597-403a-b99b-9c4ebfc2ba75","word":"poster","definition":"A large printed picture or advertisement designed to be affixed to a wall or public surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cartel","language_family":"latin","root":"postare","root_meaning":"to place, to post","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"poster","meaning":"advertisement displayed publicly","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"post","meaning":"to affix, to display","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poste","meaning":"post, position","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"postis","meaning":"post, stake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["post","posting","postage","pillar post","signpost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advertisement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"notice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handbill","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"5fc839ae-0db2-42e1-8f4b-02ac5670f234","word":"posters","definition":"Large printed notices or advertisements displayed in public places.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"póster","language_family":"latin","root":"postis","root_meaning":"post, stake, door post","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"posters","meaning":"large printed notices","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"poster","meaning":"printed notice for public display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"post","meaning":"post, stake, or placard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poster","post","posting","posted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notices","formality":"formal"},{"word":"advertisements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"placards","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bills","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"6f17d79c-6ad9-441b-b36f-0675839d56f8","word":"posting","definition":"The act of displaying or publishing something, often on a website or notice board.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"postis","root_meaning":"post, stake, doorpost","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"posting","meaning":"act of publishing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"post","meaning":"to place, display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"postis","meaning":"post, stake, doorpost","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*stā-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["post","poster","posted","postings"],"synonyms":[{"word":"publication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"announcement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"531e6692-3d1c-40df-958b-e33add58ecf6","word":"postpone","definition":"To delay an event or action until a later time or date.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"posponer","language_family":"latin","root":"postponere","root_meaning":"to put after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"postpone","meaning":"To delay an event or action until a later time or date.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"postponere","meaning":"to put after, to delay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"post","meaning":"after","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to put, to place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["position","component","impose","deposit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"defer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reschedule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"bf6d4582-5127-4897-8825-ac195113048c","word":"posts","definition":"Plural of post; vertical pieces of wood or metal; also messages published online; official positions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"postes","language_family":"latin","root":"postis","root_meaning":"post, doorpost, pole","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂- (to stand)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"posts","meaning":"plural of post; poles, messages, or positions","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"post","meaning":"pole, vertical support; mail; position","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"postis","meaning":"doorpost, pole, gate post","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["post","poster","posting","postage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"messages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"a4cd8258-8864-4cf9-8a8a-a4c04244949b","word":"pot","definition":"A round container, typically made of earthenware or metal and used for storage, cooking, or serving.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*pott-","root_meaning":"pot, vessel","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pot","meaning":"container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pott","meaning":"pot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pott-","meaning":"pot, vessel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pottery","potty","porringer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vessel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kettle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"c3cacb6d-0c7d-4b5f-92bd-d6f445bb088f","word":"potato","definition":"A starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum, widely grown for its edible tubers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patata","language_family":"other","root":"batata and papa","root_meaning":"sweet potato (Taino), potato (Quechua)","root_language":"Taino and Quechua","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"potato","meaning":"a starchy vegetable","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"patata","meaning":"potato","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"batata","meaning":"sweet potato","children":[],"language":"Taino"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"papa","meaning":"potato","children":[],"language":"Quechua"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tuber","yam","sweet potato","tomatillo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spud","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tuber","formality":"technical"},{"word":"root","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"95277f47-2ab9-4541-980e-6c44290c3397","word":"potent","definition":"Potent means having great power, effect, or influence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"potente","language_family":"latin","root":"potis","root_meaning":"able, powerful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*poti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"potent","meaning":"powerful or effective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potens, potent-","meaning":"powerful, able","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potis","meaning":"able, powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"esse","meaning":"to be","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["potency","potential","potentate","omnipotent","impotent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powerful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"8d3589ca-e00a-4826-86d3-3c14d58093ed","word":"potential","definition":"Capable of becoming actual; having latent power or possibility.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"potencial","language_family":"latin","root":"potentia","root_meaning":"power, ability, possibility","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pote-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"potential","meaning":"capable of becoming actual","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"potential","meaning":"powerful, capable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"potentiel","meaning":"powerful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potentia","meaning":"power, ability","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["potent","potency","potential","potentate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"latent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dormant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"8bdb29ea-cdca-47fa-b8f9-7d6b3b520c25","word":"potion","definition":"A liquid for drinking, especially a medicinal, poisonous, or magical brew.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"poción","language_family":"french","root":"potio","root_meaning":"a drinking, a drink","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*po(i)-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"potion","meaning":"a liquid for drinking","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pocion","meaning":"a drink, draught","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potio","meaning":"a drinking, a drink","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["potable","potation","poison","imbibe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concoction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elixir","formality":"literary"},{"word":"draft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"3e17dc2b-4629-4bb2-9c34-ede0aeb6b0c0","word":"potter","definition":"A person who makes pottery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"potier","root_meaning":"maker of pots","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"potter","meaning":"A person who makes pottery.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"potier","meaning":"maker of pots","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pot","meaning":"a vessel for liquid or food","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pot","pottery","potting","pothole"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ceramist","formality":"technical"},{"word":"artisan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crafter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"46aebb18-15a3-4513-aad4-b8186536b595","word":"pottery","definition":"Ceramic ware, especially earthenware and stoneware, made by potters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pote","language_family":"french","root":"poterie","root_meaning":"ceramic ware","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pottery","meaning":"Ceramic ware","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"poterie","meaning":"ceramic ware","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pot","meaning":"vessel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potus","meaning":"drinking vessel","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pot","potter","potted","potting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ceramics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"earthenware","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stoneware","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"a40b375d-1a8f-4262-a320-11f524d1b5a0","word":"pouch","definition":"A small bag or sac used for carrying or holding items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Frankish *pokka","root_meaning":"bag, pocket","root_language":"Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pouch","meaning":"a small bag or sac used for carrying or holding items","children":[{"era":"1200s–1400s","word":"pouche","meaning":"a bag worn on the person; a small money bag","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poche","meaning":"purse, bag, pocket","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*pokka","meaning":"bag, pocket","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pouched","pouching","pouchy","pouches","pocket"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pocket","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"64bd79f2-1dba-420d-8b48-8674c316de3f","word":"poultry","definition":"Domestic fowl, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, or geese, kept for their meat or eggs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pollería","language_family":"latin","root":"pullus","root_meaning":"young animal, fowl","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pulo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poultry","meaning":"domestic fowl","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pouletrie","meaning":"poultry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poulet","meaning":"chicken","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*pullaster","meaning":"young fowl","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pullus","meaning":"young animal, fowl","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pullet","foal","filly","pony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chickens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"birds","formality":"culinary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"9ea8a255-7fd0-4706-b3b0-0484ee93df0b","word":"pound","definition":"A unit of weight equal to 16 ounces, or a unit of British currency.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"pondo","root_meaning":"by weight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pound","meaning":"unit of weight or currency","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pund","meaning":"unit of weight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pondo","meaning":"by weight (ablative of pondus)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pondus","meaning":"weight","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*pend-","meaning":"to hang, weigh","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ponder","ponderous","pondus","compounded","impound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sterling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quid","formality":"informal"},{"word":"libra","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"a9ded84f-f1af-41f7-9b33-ca7cdf74eecf","word":"pour","definition":"Flow rapidly in a steady stream.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pouren","root_meaning":"to pour, to flow","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pour","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pouren","meaning":"to pour, to flow","children":[{"era":"pre-1300s","word":"(uncertain origin, possibly Low German or Dutch)","meaning":"to pour","children":[],"language":"other"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["splash","flow","spill","gush"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spill","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"e3c52ce2-bc7f-4148-b164-b8d478f04101","word":"poverty","definition":"The state of being extremely poor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pobreza","language_family":"french","root":"paupertas","root_meaning":"poverty, poorness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"poverty","meaning":"state of being poor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"povert","meaning":"poverty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paupertas","meaning":"poverty, poorness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pauper","meaning":"poor","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*pau-","meaning":"small, few","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poor","pauper","impoverish","destitution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indigence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"penury","formality":"formal"},{"word":"destitution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"want","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"8d275ef3-6ae1-4847-85d4-206de8c82104","word":"pow","definition":"An onomatopoeic exclamation representing the sound of a forceful impact or explosion.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"pow","root_meaning":"sound of impact","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pow","meaning":"sound of impact","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bang","boom","whack","thump"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thwack","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"811aa8ba-7e62-441e-aaf2-2a12f27d4e1e","word":"powder","definition":"Fine, dry particles produced by the grinding, crushing, or disintegration of a solid substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"polvo","language_family":"french","root":"pulvis","root_meaning":"dust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"powder","meaning":"fine particles","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poudere","meaning":"dust, powder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"poudre","meaning":"dust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pulverem","meaning":"dust (accusative of pulvis)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pulverize","pollen","dust","pulmonary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"granules","formality":"technical"},{"word":"grit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"c79da586-377e-4743-8988-98158739664c","word":"power","definition":"The ability or capacity to do something; strength, force, or energy; control or authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"poder","language_family":"french","root":"pooir","root_meaning":"to be able","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"power","meaning":"ability, strength, or authority","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"power","meaning":"ability, strength","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pooir","meaning":"to be able","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potis","meaning":"able, powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["powerful","empower","powers","powerless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strength","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authority","formality":"formal"},{"word":"force","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"e996dc46-b64c-46ee-ae3b-e1e0c07d73c3","word":"powered","definition":"Supplied with or operated by mechanical or electrical energy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"povoir","root_meaning":"to be able","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"powered","meaning":"supplied with power or energy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"power","meaning":"strength, force, ability","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pooir","meaning":"to be able","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["power","powerful","powerless","empower"],"synonyms":[{"word":"energized","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"driven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"bcf7808b-897d-4f12-bb15-96518601613c","word":"powerful","definition":"Having great strength, influence, or effectiveness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"poderoso","language_family":"latin","root":"potis","root_meaning":"able, capable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"powerful","meaning":"having great strength or influence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"power","meaning":"strength, ability","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"povoir","meaning":"to be able","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"potis","meaning":"able, capable, powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["power","powered","powering","powerless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mighty","formality":"literary"},{"word":"potent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forceful","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"a9ae0af8-a860-4e01-bd1a-869d85eccbdd","word":"pox","definition":"Any of several viral diseases characterized by pustular skin eruptions, such as smallpox or chickenpox.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pocc","root_meaning":"pustule, blister","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*beu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pox","meaning":"viral disease with pustular eruptions","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pokkes","meaning":"pustules (plural of pokke)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pocc","meaning":"pustule, blister","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*pukkō","meaning":"bag, swelling, pustule","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*beu-","meaning":"to swell, blow up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pock","pockmark","smallpox","chickenpox","poxy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pestilence","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"plague","formality":"literary"},{"word":"disease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"36ec2ad8-b00f-45df-b637-9ab721d47f2f","word":"practical","definition":"Relating to action or practice rather than theory; suitable for actual use.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"práctico","language_family":"greek","root":"praktikos","root_meaning":"relating to action or practice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prag- (to do, to fare)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"practical","meaning":"relating to action, suited for use","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"practical","meaning":"of or relating to practice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"practicus","meaning":"relating to practice, practical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praktikos","meaning":"relating to action, practical","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["practice","practise","pragmatic","praxis","pragmatism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"useful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"functional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"applied","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"22632db6-9a74-4230-b7ff-3a4292bd1735","word":"practice","definition":"Repeated exercise or performance of an activity to improve skill, or a profession or established method.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"práctica","language_family":"latin","root":"practicus","root_meaning":"concerned with action or practice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"practice","meaning":"repeated exercise or professional activity","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"practise","meaning":"to perform or exercise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"practicus","meaning":"concerned with action","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["practitioner","practical","practice","practiced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exercise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"training","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profession","formality":"formal"},{"word":"custom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b35a410a-deb2-43e9-81ab-516a6432baa8","word":"practices","definition":"Plural of practice; established methods or customs, or repeated performances for skill improvement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prácticas","language_family":"latin","root":"practicus","root_meaning":"practical; relating to action","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"practices","meaning":"plural of habitual actions or methods","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"practice","meaning":"habit; custom; exercise","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"practique","meaning":"practice; custom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"practicus","meaning":"practical; active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prattein","meaning":"to do; to act","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["practice","practitioner","practical","practise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"customs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"habits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"methods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedures","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"582c160f-69d9-4139-82db-9d1a66503820","word":"practise","definition":"To perform an activity or exercise a skill repeatedly in order to improve or maintain proficiency.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"practicar","language_family":"greek","root":"praktikos","root_meaning":"concerned with action, practical","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"practise","meaning":"To perform repeatedly","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"practise","meaning":"to put into practice","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"practiser","meaning":"to practice","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"practicare","meaning":"to practice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praktikos","meaning":"concerned with action","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["practice","practical","practitioner","practicum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rehearse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"train","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exercise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"b51fba77-357d-4ac0-9d35-d54e567bb672","word":"pragmatic","definition":"Dealing with things in a practical rather than theoretical way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pragmático","language_family":"greek","root":"pragmatikos","root_meaning":"fit for business","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"pragmatikós (πραγματικός)","meaning":"Fit for business, active, versed in affairs. From pragma (deed, act), from prassein (to do).","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"pragmatic","meaning":"Practical, results-oriented.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"pragmático","meaning":"Pragmatic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["pragmatism","pragmatist","practice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"realistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"down-to-earth","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f1b55f52-69a1-4bcf-9e7d-b306f87dbde6","word":"prank","definition":"A mischievous trick or practical joke.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"prancken","root_meaning":"'to show off', 'to make a display'","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prank","meaning":"mischievous trick","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"prank","meaning":"trick, caper","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"prancken","meaning":"to show off, make a display","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prance","pranking","prankster","prink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stunt","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"2378c003-9be0-4a7d-a0b5-9f8de9aad744","word":"pray","definition":"Address a solemn request or expression of thanks to a deity or other object of worship.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"orar","language_family":"latin","root":"precari","root_meaning":"to entreat, to ask earnestly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pray","meaning":"make a solemn request","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"preien","meaning":"to pray, to beg","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"precaria","meaning":"obtained by prayer or entreaty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"precari","meaning":"to entreat, to ask earnestly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prayer","precious","imprecate","deprecate","precarious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"implore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beseech","formality":"formal"},{"word":"entreat","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"9aad9507-ea75-4cd8-afd1-08110e765a63","word":"pre","definition":"A prefix meaning before in time, place, or order.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"pre","language_family":"latin","root":"prae","root_meaning":"before, in front of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- (forward)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pre","meaning":"before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pre-","meaning":"before, in front","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prefix","premature","preview","preamble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"before","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prior to","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"85202680-8e41-4b8e-b8c4-321d6478df1d","word":"preach","definition":"To deliver a religious sermon or address.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"predicar","language_family":"latin","root":"prædicare","root_meaning":"to proclaim publicly, declare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preach","meaning":"To deliver a sermon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prechen","meaning":"to preach","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"prechier","meaning":"to preach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prædicare","meaning":"to proclaim publicly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["preacher","sermon","proclaim","edict","predicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sermonize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhort","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proclaim","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"1ac0beb4-f4f6-498b-9ce0-5b4bba970e43","word":"preacher","definition":"A person who delivers sermons or religious instruction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"predicador","language_family":"french","root":"praedicare","root_meaning":"to proclaim, declare publicly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preacher","meaning":"a person who preaches","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"prechour","meaning":"preacher","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"precheor","meaning":"preacher","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praedicare","meaning":"to proclaim, declare publicly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["preach","predicate","proclaim","sermonize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cleric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evangelist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"616a4bb5-6f9d-4be6-bdc8-b274c9422b36","word":"precaution","definition":"An action taken in advance to prevent harm or secure a desired result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"precaución","language_family":"latin","root":"praecavere","root_meaning":"to guard against beforehand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*keu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"precaution","meaning":"An action taken in advance to prevent harm or secure a desired result.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"précaution","meaning":"A precaution; a safeguarding measure.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecautio","meaning":"Safeguarding; precaution.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecavere","meaning":"To guard against beforehand.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cavere","meaning":"to be on guard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caution","cautious","precautious","precautionary","precautioned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"safeguard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preventive measure","formality":"technical"},{"word":"forethought","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"da957411-08f6-491a-a119-97129ea63810","word":"precede","definition":"Come before (something) in time, order, or position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"preceder","language_family":"latin","root":"praecedere","root_meaning":"to go before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"precede","meaning":"to go before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecedere","meaning":"to go before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["precedent","procession","concede","recede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"antedate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forerun","formality":"literary"},{"word":"go before","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"cd9b3ce5-e830-46f8-9df2-422ecb1fb6db","word":"precedent","definition":"An earlier act, decision, or example that serves as a guide for later cases.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"precedente","language_family":"latin","root":"cedere","root_meaning":"to go, yield","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"precedent","meaning":"an earlier case or example used as a guide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecedentem","meaning":"going before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecedere","meaning":"to go before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["precede","preceding","precedence","predecessor","prejudgment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"example","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authority","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"295330e0-eda2-4bb6-9b1b-655ea7ef51b4","word":"precinct","definition":"A district of a city or town as defined for administrative purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"praecinctum","root_meaning":"enclosure, boundary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"precinct","meaning":"A district or division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecinctum","meaning":"enclosure, boundary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecingere","meaning":"to gird about, to encompass","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cincture","succinct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"7ca6f212-04e7-43d1-93c0-e8210186e76b","word":"precious","definition":"Of great value; not to be wasted or treated carelessly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"precioso","language_family":"latin","root":"pretiosus","root_meaning":"valuable, costly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*perh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"precious","meaning":"of great value","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"precioux","meaning":"valuable, costly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pretiosus","meaning":"valuable, costly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["price","appreciate","deprecate","prize","value"],"synonyms":[{"word":"valuable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"costly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cherished","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"5dfa34fe-48b2-42dd-9f71-8cf6c8fe8352","word":"precipitation","definition":"Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, such as rain, snow, or hail.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"precipitación","language_family":"latin","root":"praecipitatio","root_meaning":"a falling headlong","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"precipitation","meaning":"falling moisture","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"precipitation","meaning":"haste, rush","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecipitatio","meaning":"a falling headlong, haste","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecipitare","meaning":"to throw headlong","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"caput","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["precipitate","precipitous","cap","capital"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rainfall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snowfall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sleet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"a3ad1257-f877-4607-842f-5244b8097736","word":"precision","definition":"The quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"precisión","language_family":"latin","root":"praecisionem","root_meaning":"a cutting off, a brief statement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skeh₂i-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"precision","meaning":"exactness and accuracy","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"précision","meaning":"precision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecisionem","meaning":"a cutting off, a brief statement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecidere","meaning":"to cut short, cut off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before, in front","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"caedere","meaning":"to cut","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*skeh₂i-","meaning":"to cut, split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["precise","concise","incision","scissors"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accuracy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exactness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meticulousness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"78c2ec32-c86f-43ce-97d4-e7149edd8919","word":"predator","definition":"An animal that naturally preys on others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"predador","language_family":"latin","root":"praedator","root_meaning":"plunderer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"predator","meaning":"an animal that naturally preys on others","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praedator","meaning":"plunderer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praedari","meaning":"to plunder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeda","meaning":"booty, prey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["prey","predation","predatory","depredation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hunter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beast of prey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carnivore","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"c96d69b0-e736-4494-b19c-011e2fcd11a3","word":"predict","definition":"To say or estimate that something will happen in the future.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"predecir","language_family":"latin","root":"praedīcere","root_meaning":"to foretell, advise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"praedīcere","meaning":"To foretell, advise beforehand.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"predict","meaning":"To forecast, foretell.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"predecir","meaning":"To predict.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["prediction","predictable","predictor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forecast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foresee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guess","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"96d634f8-caa9-49f4-81b2-49cf14899ae2","word":"predictable","definition":"Able to be foreseen or expected from the available evidence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"predecible","language_family":"latin","root":"praedicere","root_meaning":"to say beforehand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"predictable","meaning":"able to be foreseen or expected","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"predict","meaning":"to foretell or infer in advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praedicere","meaning":"to say beforehand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["predict","prediction","predictor","predictably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foreseeable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anticipated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"e6bdfc15-ae5e-44e1-89db-3e9420b4aeca","word":"prediction","definition":"A statement about what will happen or might happen in the future.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"predicción","language_family":"latin","root":"praedicere","root_meaning":"to declare beforehand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prediction","meaning":"a statement about the future","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"prediccion","meaning":"a prophecy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praedictio","meaning":"a foretelling, prophecy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praedicere","meaning":"to declare beforehand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["predict","predictor","predictable","dictum","diction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forecast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prophecy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prognosis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"f17194e6-6c82-472c-a5c7-4b734702920c","word":"prefect","definition":"An official placed in charge of a district, department, or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prefecto","language_family":"latin","root":"praefectus","root_meaning":"one set in charge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh1-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prefect","meaning":"an official placed in charge of a district, department, or group","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prefect","meaning":"an official in authority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praefectus","meaning":"one appointed in charge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeficere","meaning":"to place in front; appoint in charge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before, in front","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to do, make","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*dheh1-","meaning":"to put, place, do","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prefecture","prefectural","prefectorial","prefectship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administrator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superintendent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"93088b1d-19d1-49c4-acac-aefb8cf8ed4e","word":"prefer","definition":"To like one thing better than another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"preferir","language_family":"latin","root":"praeferre","root_meaning":"to carry in front, to prefer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prefer","meaning":"to like better","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"preferer","meaning":"to prefer, set before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeferre","meaning":"to carry in front, to prefer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["preference","preferential","refer","confer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"favor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elect","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"bbfb775e-b435-451f-a844-c71f007f255a","word":"preferably","definition":"In a more desirable or favored way; if possible.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"preferiblemente","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin praeferre","root_meaning":"to carry before; to prefer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preferably","meaning":"in a more desirable or favored way","children":[{"era":"current","word":"preferable","meaning":"more worthy of choice","children":[{"era":"c. 1400s","word":"prefer","meaning":"to hold or set before; to like better","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"préférer","meaning":"to prefer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeferre","meaning":"to carry before; to prefer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prefer","preference","preferable","preferred","preferment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ideally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preferentially","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rather","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"7fd3cabe-8e62-43eb-9eea-f1bf915481e3","word":"preference","definition":"A greater liking for one alternative over another or others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"preferencia","language_family":"latin","root":"praeferre","root_meaning":"to carry before, to prefer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preference","meaning":"a greater liking","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"preference","meaning":"preference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeferre","meaning":"to carry before, prefer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prefer","preferable","preferred","refer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"predilection","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"31d5681c-52c7-4034-a1ee-4dbc54fa5cd2","word":"prefix","definition":"An affix placed before the stem of a word.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prefijo","language_family":"latin","root":"praefixus","root_meaning":"fixed in front, fastened before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*dʰeygʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prefix","meaning":"an affix placed before a word","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"praefixus","meaning":"fixed in front, fastened before","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"praefigere","meaning":"to fix in front","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*preh₂-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"figere","meaning":"to fix, fasten","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dʰeygʷ-","meaning":"to stick, fix","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["affix","suffix","fixture","confix"],"synonyms":[{"word":"affix","formality":"technical"},{"word":"determinant","formality":"technical"},{"word":"prothetic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"91c443be-f6dd-4e7d-8235-46de06ee92cd","word":"pregnancy","definition":"The condition or period of being pregnant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"preñez","language_family":"latin","root":"praegnare","root_meaning":"to be with child","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pregnancy","meaning":"The condition or period of being pregnant","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pregnant","meaning":"carrying a child","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praegnantem","meaning":"carrying a child","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pregnant","nascent","generate","gene","genital","connate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gestation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gravidity","formality":"medical"},{"word":"expectancy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"900d2776-5e1e-40c8-9090-d4be333ac1f0","word":"pregnant","definition":"Having a baby or young developing in the uterus.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"preñada","language_family":"latin","root":"praegnans","root_meaning":"before birth, with child","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pregnant","meaning":"having a baby or young developing in the uterus","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"preignant","meaning":"pregnant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praegnans","meaning":"before birth, with child","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["engender","nascent","generate","genesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expecting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gravid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"enceinte","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"978b972d-ac70-416f-a423-6a5e59569f7f","word":"prehistoric","definition":"Relating to the time before written history.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prehistórico","language_family":"greek","root":"ἱστορία","root_meaning":"inquiry; knowledge gained by inquiry; history","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prehistoric","meaning":"relating to the time before written history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pre-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"modern","word":"historic","meaning":"relating to history; recorded in history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἱστορία","meaning":"inquiry; knowledge gained by inquiry; history","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prehistory","history","historical","historic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ancient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primeval","formality":"literary"},{"word":"prehistorical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"36fc7469-4afe-490b-99e3-06c95a92cf9b","word":"prejudice","definition":"An unfavorable judgment formed beforehand without full knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prejuicio","language_family":"latin","root":"praeiudicium","root_meaning":"prior judgment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prejudice","meaning":"an unfavorable preconception","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prejudice","meaning":"damage, disadvantage, or prior judgment","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"prejudice","meaning":"harm, injury, or an adverse judgment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeiudicium","meaning":"a judgment made beforehand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae- + iudicium","meaning":"\"before\" + \"judgment\"","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prejudicial","prejudge","prejudgment","prejudiced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bias","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preconception","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prejudgment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"e86677f8-f2ed-45a0-bb55-9e33cc64e738","word":"preliminary","definition":"Denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"preliminar","language_family":"latin","root":"praeliminaris","root_meaning":"before the threshold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preliminary","meaning":"introductory","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"praeliminaris","meaning":"before the threshold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"limen","meaning":"threshold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limit","eliminate","sublime","liminal","threshold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"introductory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preparatory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"57de7cec-3039-408a-ba1a-7f47d04b854b","word":"premature","definition":"Occurring or arriving before the proper time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prematuro","language_family":"latin","root":"maturus","root_meaning":"ripe, mature, timely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"premature","meaning":"occurring before the proper time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praematurus","meaning":"too early; unripe or premature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"maturus","meaning":"ripe, timely, mature","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mature","maturity","immature","prematurity","preterm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"early","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"untimely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"precocious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preterm","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"84f4a11a-96d2-4d91-ae7b-fc19982f94a3","word":"premiere","definition":"The first public performance or showing of a play, film, opera, or musical work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"primera","language_family":"french","root":"première","root_meaning":"first","root_language":"French","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":"*preh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"premiere","meaning":"The first public showing.","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"premiere","meaning":"first performance","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"première","meaning":"first","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primarius","meaning":"of the first rank, chief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primus","meaning":"first","children":[{"era":"pre-800s BCE","word":"*preh₃-mo-","meaning":"first, foremost","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prime","primary","primal","prior"],"synonyms":[{"word":"debut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"launch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"e9ada33d-1a5f-4ce9-80db-9762ad1b1f3c","word":"premise","definition":"A previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"premisa","language_family":"latin","root":"praemittere","root_meaning":"to send before, to set before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"premise","meaning":"a preceding statement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"premise","meaning":"preposition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praemissa","meaning":"a thing sent before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praemittere","meaning":"to send before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mission","permit","remit","admit","transmit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assumption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hypothesis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"presumption","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"7d268790-c7b0-4dc8-a035-e7b5a1e55c7c","word":"premium","definition":"A sum of money paid for an insurance policy or subscription; a high-quality or high-priced item.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"premio","language_family":"latin","root":"praemium","root_meaning":"reward, prize, recompense","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"premium","meaning":"a sum of money paid for an insurance policy; a high-quality item","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"premium","meaning":"reward, prize, incentive payment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praemium","meaning":"reward, prize, recompense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae + emere","meaning":"before + to take, buy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["premiums","premium-quality","preempt","redeem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"price","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"32d4df0e-1b3c-4c91-a1c9-5f88f9455486","word":"preoccupy","definition":"To occupy or engross beforehand, especially by filling the mind in advance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"preocupar","language_family":"latin","root":"occupāre","root_meaning":"to seize, take possession of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preoccupy","meaning":"to occupy or engross beforehand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pre-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"late Middle English","word":"occupy","meaning":"to take possession of; to engage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"occuper","meaning":"to seize, occupy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"occupāre","meaning":"to seize, take possession of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["occupy","occupation","occupant","preoccupy","preoccupation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"engross","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absorb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distract","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"b88ff5fe-9c0d-4cf4-9f8e-6d5abb042f16","word":"preparation","definition":"The action or process of making something ready for use or consideration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"preparación","language_family":"latin","root":"praeparare","root_meaning":"to make ready beforehand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preparation","meaning":"the action or process of making something ready","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"préparation","meaning":"making ready","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeparare","meaning":"to make ready beforehand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae + parare","meaning":"before + to make ready","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prepare","preparatory","preparedness","preparer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"readiness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"groundwork","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"a9bbfe92-307d-49e4-9132-e4fc6177362c","word":"prepare","definition":"To make (something) ready for use or consideration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"preparar","language_family":"latin","root":"praeparare","root_meaning":"to make ready in advance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre- + *perə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prepare","meaning":"To make ready","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"preparer","meaning":"to prepare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeparare","meaning":"to make ready in advance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["preparation","repair","separable","parade","apparatus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ready","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"c2cc40da-fbd6-4aba-bf59-8f2f7fbe33a1","word":"prepared","definition":"Past tense of prepare; made ready or arranged in advance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"preparado","language_family":"latin","root":"praeparare","root_meaning":"to make ready beforehand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prepared","meaning":"made ready","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"prepare","meaning":"to make ready","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeparare","meaning":"to make ready beforehand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prepare","preparation","preparatory","repair","apparatus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ready","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arranged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equipped","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"1247a506-f4e8-4a00-8233-cb3a3829e830","word":"prepay","definition":"To pay or cause to be paid in advance of the due time or before receiving goods or services.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prepago","language_family":"latin","root":"prae- + pacare","root_meaning":"before + to appease, settle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- + *pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prepay","meaning":"to pay in advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pre-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"payer","meaning":"to appease, satisfy, pay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to appease, make peace","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["payment","paid","repay","pacify","prepare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"886b2b1a-f53c-48d2-a38e-34d66759afea","word":"preposterous","definition":"So absurd or unreasonable as to seem ridiculous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prepóstero","language_family":"latin","root":"praeposterus","root_meaning":"reversed; with the last first","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preposterous","meaning":"absurd or unreasonable in a laughable way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeposterus","meaning":"putting last before first; reversed; absurd","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"posterus","meaning":"coming after; later","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["preposterously","preposterousness","posterior","postpone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absurd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ridiculous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ludicrous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"b1c3141a-db0d-4442-933b-ebd09cf72dd7","word":"prerequisite","definition":"Something that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prerequisito","language_family":"latin","root":"prae- + requisitus","root_meaning":"required beforehand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prerequisite","meaning":"Something required as a prior condition","children":[{"era":"5th century","word":"praerequisitus","meaning":"required beforehand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"requirere","meaning":"to require","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["require","request","acquire","inquire","conquer","exquisite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"requirement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precondition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"3affb8dd-e8af-49cb-8565-d8dce90e1e74","word":"prescribe","definition":"To recommend and order the use of a medicine or other treatment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prescribir","language_family":"latin","root":"praescribere","root_meaning":"to write before, to order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prescribe","meaning":"to recommend a course of action","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"prescrire","meaning":"to order, prescribe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praescribere","meaning":"to write before, to order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prescription","scribe","describe","subscribe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"82021a35-dbfd-458e-bcd5-cd1bed0fe228","word":"prescription","definition":"A written instruction from a doctor for medicine or treatment, or a long-established custom.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prescripción","language_family":"latin","root":"praescribere","root_meaning":"to write before or for","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prescription","meaning":"written medical instruction or established custom","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"prescription","meaning":"written instruction or established practice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praescriptio","meaning":"direction or instruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praescribere","meaning":"to write before or direct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prescribe","prescriptive","prescriber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"medication order","formality":"technical"},{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recipe","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"b21b04f9-7bb9-4210-959b-3ff87c21f929","word":"presence","definition":"The state or fact of being present in a place or situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"presencia","language_family":"latin","root":"praesentia","root_meaning":"being before, being present","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"presence","meaning":"state of being present","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"presence","meaning":"being present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"presentia","meaning":"being present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesens","meaning":"being before, present","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*es-","meaning":"to be","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["present","present-day","presentable","presenter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attendance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"being","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"7cc80638-f568-4f2d-970a-9d11a14c6587","word":"present","definition":"to introduce or bring something into view, or existing now.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"presente","language_family":"latin","root":"praesens","root_meaning":"being before, in sight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"present","meaning":"to introduce or display; existing now","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"present","meaning":"present, introduce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesens","meaning":"being before, visible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae + esse","meaning":"before + to be","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["presence","presentation","presenter","presentable","presently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"introduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"current","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"5d374ea2-6e96-498e-a6f8-5abca2235044","word":"presentation","definition":"The act of showing, displaying, or formally introducing something to an audience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"presentación","language_family":"latin","root":"praesentare","root_meaning":"to place before, to show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"presentation","meaning":"act of presenting","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"present","meaning":"to show, to introduce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesentare","meaning":"to place before, to show","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae","meaning":"before, in front of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sentare","meaning":"to place, to set","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["present","presenter","presentable","represent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demonstration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exhibition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"showing","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"240b20a2-3998-4520-a977-7aef5ce831b4","word":"presented","definition":"Past tense of present; gave, offered, or displayed something to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"presentado","language_family":"latin","root":"presentare","root_meaning":"to place before, show","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"presented","meaning":"gave or displayed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"present","meaning":"to give, offer, or display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"presentare","meaning":"to place before, show","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesentia","meaning":"being before or present","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["present","presenter","presentation","presents","presenting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"displayed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demonstrated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"64853643-1b46-4a4d-b96b-b8015c8599a6","word":"presently","definition":"In a short time; soon.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"praeesse","root_meaning":"to be present, to be before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"14th Century","word":"presently","meaning":"soon","children":[{"era":"13th Century","word":"present","meaning":"being in a specified place or thing","children":[{"era":"12th Century","word":"presenter","meaning":"to present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesentare","meaning":"to present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeesse","meaning":"to be present, before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["present","presence","presentation","presentiment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shortly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anon","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"directly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"28bcc1d9-ac46-461e-b93e-40a4ac005b54","word":"preserve","definition":"To maintain (something) in its original or existing state.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"preservar","language_family":"french","root":"praeservare","root_meaning":"to guard, keep safe before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preserve","meaning":"to maintain in its original state","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"préserver","meaning":"to guard, protect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeservare","meaning":"to guard, keep safe before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conservation","reservation","serve","service","observant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conserve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maintain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"80f0442c-2763-4146-9eb1-d1c0af3ca809","word":"presidency","definition":"The office or role of a president.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"presidencia","language_family":"latin","root":"praesidēre","root_meaning":"to preside, sit before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"presidency","meaning":"the office or role of a president","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"president","meaning":"one who presides","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"président","meaning":"one who presides","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesidens","meaning":"presiding, sitting before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesidēre","meaning":"to preside, sit before","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["president","presidential","preside","presiding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"office","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"executive office","formality":"technical"},{"word":"chairmanship","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"77bc7843-e2a9-4166-a9e7-800cd3bc54fc","word":"president","definition":"The elected head of a republic or the principal officer of an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"presidente","language_family":"latin","root":"praesidēns","root_meaning":"sitting before, presiding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"president","meaning":"chief executive","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"president","meaning":"one who presides","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesidēns","meaning":"sitting before, presiding","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["preside","presidency","presidential","presiding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commander","formality":"formal"},{"word":"head of state","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"158b9bdc-5cad-4e99-b831-3593f92ee5ca","word":"presidential","definition":"Relating to a president or presidency.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"presidencial","language_family":"latin","root":"praesidens","root_meaning":"one who presides, governor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"presidential","meaning":"Relating to a president or presidency.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"praesidentialis","meaning":"of or pertaining to a president","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesidens","meaning":"one who presides, governor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["president","preside","presidency","session"],"synonyms":[{"word":"executive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"head of state's","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"governing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"aab5e9db-7c41-4ec9-9bba-c944e0596529","word":"press","definition":"To apply force or weight to something, or to operate printing machinery.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prensa","language_family":"latin","root":"pressare","root_meaning":"to press, to push","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"press","meaning":"to apply force to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"presser","meaning":"to press, to push","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pressare","meaning":"to press, to push","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["pressure","pressed","pressing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"push","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compress","formality":"formal"},{"word":"squeeze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"8926bb57-f1dd-450e-a67d-93a05df963bc","word":"pressure","definition":"The continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"presión","language_family":"french","root":"pressura","root_meaning":"a pressing or being pressed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pressure","meaning":"force exerted on an object","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pression","meaning":"pressing, a pressing action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pressura","meaning":"a pressing, squeeze","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press, squeeze","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["press","pressurize","pressured","pressurization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"force","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stress","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"9cf83f11-9f3d-4720-9197-b8cdf013e722","word":"prestige","definition":"Widespread respect or admiration attached to reputation or status.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prestigio","language_family":"french","root":"praestigiae","root_meaning":"tricks; illusions; deceptive show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prestige","meaning":"widespread respect or admiration","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"prestige","meaning":"illusion; spell; deceptive influence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praestigiae","meaning":"tricks; illusions; deceptions","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prestigious","prestigiousness","prestigeless","prestigeous","prestige"],"synonyms":[{"word":"status","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"esteem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"renown","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"8e5d61b4-c99f-4ee2-9892-da87dabb9812","word":"prestigious","definition":"Prestigious means having high status, respect, or reputation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prestigioso","language_family":"french","root":"praestigiae","root_meaning":"conjuring tricks, illusion, deception","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prestigious","meaning":"having high status or respect","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"prestige","meaning":"reputation or esteem","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prestige","meaning":"illusion, trick, deceptive display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praestigiae","meaning":"conjuring tricks, jugglery, illusion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French / English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prestige","prestigiously","prestigiousness","prestidigitation","prestidigitator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distinguished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"respected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"esteemed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"98122959-fa32-4e6b-a9f5-c82c64cf0b98","word":"presumably","definition":"Presumably means that something is likely true based on the available evidence.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"presumiblemente","language_family":"latin","root":"praesumere","root_meaning":"to take beforehand; infer, suppose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"presumably","meaning":"likely true on the evidence","children":[{"era":"1300s+","word":"presumed","meaning":"taken as true beforehand","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"presume","meaning":"to take for granted; suppose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesumere","meaning":"to take beforehand; assume","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English / Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["presume","presumed","presumption","presumable","presumptively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apparently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"likely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seemingly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"afadb986-290f-4c93-9dcc-9ddd6b4e0ab8","word":"presume","definition":"Suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability; take for granted.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"presumir","language_family":"latin","root":"praesumere","root_meaning":"to take before, anticipate, take for granted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre- *sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"presume","meaning":"assume, take for granted","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"presumer","meaning":"to take upon oneself, assume","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praesumere","meaning":"to take before, take for granted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sumere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["presumption","assume","consumer","resume","presumptuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suppose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"2ed2dcc4-3b6a-4f79-b938-add49f7f7c17","word":"pretend","definition":"to act as if something is true when it is not.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pretender","language_family":"latin","root":"praetendere","root_meaning":"to stretch forth, to put forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pretend","meaning":"to act as if something is true","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"pretendre","meaning":"to assert, to claim","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praetendere","meaning":"to stretch forth, to put forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tension","extend","intend","contend","tender"],"synonyms":[{"word":"simulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feign","formality":"literary"},{"word":"make-believe","formality":"informal"},{"word":"act","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"dac2e1cc-1b5b-4205-912a-9e1e71e89947","word":"pretext","definition":"a stated reason used to conceal the real motive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pretexto","language_family":"latin","root":"texere","root_meaning":"to weave","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pretext","meaning":"a stated reason used to conceal the real motive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praetextus","meaning":"a pretext or excuse, from prae- + texere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"texere","meaning":"to weave","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["text","textile","texture","context","intertext"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pretense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cover story","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"11f43816-ec7e-44fb-9e97-72d2a5bb9f30","word":"pretty","definition":"An adjective meaning attractive or moderately; an adverb meaning quite or fairly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"prættig","root_meaning":"cunning, tricky, crafty","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*prat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pretty","meaning":"attractive or fairly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pretty","meaning":"clever, skilled, fine","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"prættigr","meaning":"cunning, wily","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*prat-","meaning":"to trot, trick","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prettier","prettily","prettiness","prettyish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attractive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lovely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fairly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"59bf2dee-4f9e-49d0-b970-fc079f327a6b","word":"prev","definition":"An abbreviation for previous; relating to what came before.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prev","language_family":"latin","root":"praevius","root_meaning":"going before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prev","meaning":"abbreviation of previous","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"previous","meaning":"going before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praevius","meaning":"going before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["previous","previously","prevail","prevent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"previous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"last","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"61bc6d66-98ee-4e7e-8b0c-4c3561989da9","word":"prevail","definition":"To prevail is to prove stronger, succeed, or ultimately win out over opposition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prevalecer","language_family":"latin","root":"valēre","root_meaning":"to be strong, powerful, or healthy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prevail","meaning":"to prove stronger or succeed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prevailen","meaning":"to be superior, be effective, or win","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"prevaloir","meaning":"to be stronger, carry more weight, or overcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praevalēre","meaning":"to be stronger than; to prevail","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valēre","meaning":"to be strong, be well, be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prevalence","prevalent","prevailing","value","valor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"triumph","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"succeed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overcome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"2a50d63d-039b-4897-b0c0-601cb7d843cd","word":"prevent","definition":"To keep from happening; to stop or hinder an action or event.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prevenir","language_family":"latin","root":"praevenire","root_meaning":"to come before, anticipate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prevent","meaning":"to stop from occurring","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"prevent","meaning":"to anticipate, to hinder","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"preventir","meaning":"to prevent, forestall","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praevenire","meaning":"to come before, anticipate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prevention","preventive","prevented","preventable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinder","formality":"formal"},{"word":"avert","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"ac649609-159e-48c6-bb90-1164c0f156c2","word":"prevention","definition":"The action of stopping something from happening or occurring.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prevención","language_family":"latin","root":"praeventio","root_meaning":"a coming before, anticipation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prevention","meaning":"action of stopping something","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"prevention","meaning":"the action of preventing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praeventio","meaning":"a coming before, anticipation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praevenire","meaning":"to come before, forestall","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prevent","preventive","preventable","preventative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"avoidance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deterrence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prophylaxis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"precaution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"ecc7cce1-ad61-4534-bf2d-c8365b3a0fc8","word":"preview","definition":"An advance showing or presentation of something before it is officially released or made available to the general public.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"previa","language_family":"latin","root":"prae- + videre","root_meaning":"before + to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"preview","meaning":"advance showing","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"preview","meaning":"to see before","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"pre- + view","meaning":"before + to see","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae- + videre","meaning":"before + to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["preview","previewed","previewer","view","pre-release"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sneak peek","formality":"informal"},{"word":"advance showing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"premiere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"foretaste","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"061e8dbb-2e12-4e77-ae0c-289686e2ef31","word":"previous","definition":"Existing or occurring before something else in time; former.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"previo","language_family":"latin","root":"praevius","root_meaning":"going before, preceding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"previous","meaning":"occurring before in time","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"previous","meaning":"preceding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praevius","meaning":"going before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["previously","prior","preceding","former"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"former","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preceding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earlier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"000027e1-17c7-48d6-8fc5-15ff2a8c59a8","word":"previously","definition":"At a time before the present; in the past.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"previamente","language_family":"latin","root":"prius","root_meaning":"before, prior","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"previously","meaning":"before now, in the past","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"previous","meaning":"coming before","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"previous","meaning":"coming before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prius","meaning":"before, prior","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["previous","prior","priory","priority"],"synonyms":[{"word":"formerly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"before","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earlier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hitherto","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"b8a41edf-552e-432e-a74a-08ab069f6e3c","word":"price","definition":"The amount of money required to purchase something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"precio","language_family":"latin","root":"pretium","root_meaning":"value, worth, prize","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"price","meaning":"amount of money for purchase","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pris","meaning":"price, value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pretium","meaning":"value, worth, prize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["priceless","pricing","pricy","precious","appraise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"9b148207-8a19-497a-8dde-e066c87b8f1a","word":"prices","definition":"The amounts of money for which something is bought or sold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"precio","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin pretium","root_meaning":"value, worth, payment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prices","meaning":"amounts of money for things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"price","meaning":"amount charged","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"pris","meaning":"price, value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pretium","meaning":"value, worth, payment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["price","priceless","pricing","apprise","praise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"value","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.891Z"}
{"id":"78b59ef6-8c94-4777-afbc-b627a4ac043d","word":"pricing","definition":"The process of determining or setting the cost at which something is offered for sale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"pretium","root_meaning":"price, value, worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pricing","meaning":"act of setting or determining price","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"price","meaning":"cost, value","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"price","meaning":"price, value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pretium","meaning":"price, cost, value","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["price","priced","overpriced","underpriced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"valuation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"costing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cost-setting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"320321c1-ccf8-4e1c-ae9d-ea5f0236f4a3","word":"prick","definition":"To pierce (something) with a small hole or to feel a sharp, stinging pain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"prica","root_meaning":"point, sting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*breg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prick","meaning":"To pierce with a small hole or to feel a sharp pain.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prick","meaning":"to pierce, sting, goad","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"prica","meaning":"point, sting","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prickle","prickly","puncture","spike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jab","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"629d3636-b7bd-427a-b420-0e555c6372ca","word":"pride","definition":"A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements or qualities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"pryde","root_meaning":"excessive self-esteem, arrogance","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pride","meaning":"feeling of self-worth or satisfaction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pryde","meaning":"pride, arrogance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"prut","meaning":"proud","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proud","proudly","overproud","prideful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dignity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-esteem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vanity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"f733e948-8ca8-428f-8c03-15e0f220e08c","word":"priest","definition":"An ordained minister of a church, especially in the Catholic, Anglican, or Orthodox Christian traditions, authorized to perform sacred rites.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"presbítero","language_family":"greek","root":"presbyteros","root_meaning":"elder","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"priest","meaning":"ordained minister","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"preost","meaning":"priest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"presbyter","meaning":"elder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"presbyteros","meaning":"older, elder","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["presbyter","presbyterian","presbytery","presbyopia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clergyman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"father","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"2f28e974-3395-4f6e-9b1e-246ce913cdaf","word":"primal","definition":"Relating to the earliest stage of development or most fundamental in importance; first in order or origin.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"primario","language_family":"latin","root":"primus","root_meaning":"first, foremost","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"primal","meaning":"first, fundamental, primordial","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"primalis","meaning":"of the first order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primus","meaning":"first, foremost","children":[{"era":"pre-700 BCE","word":"*pri-mo-","meaning":"foremost","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"before, forward, first","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prime","primary","primitive","primordial","primate","primer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"primordial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"primitive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elemental","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fundamental","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"4dc814e0-5037-4f2f-8b96-7182499617e3","word":"primary","definition":"First in order, rank, or importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"primario","language_family":"latin","root":"primarius","root_meaning":"first, chief","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"primary","meaning":"first in importance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primarius","meaning":"of the first rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primus","meaning":"first","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*per-","meaning":"forward, through","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prime","primer","primarily","primacy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"first","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"main","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chief","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"a9efcd09-f68c-4572-9640-88dcef83f18a","word":"prime","definition":"Of first importance or rank; the most vigorous or flourishing period; a number divisible only by itself and one.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"primo","language_family":"latin","root":"primus","root_meaning":"first, foremost","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prime","meaning":"first in importance or rank","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prime","meaning":"first, principal, highest quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primus","meaning":"first, foremost","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["primary","primal","primitive","primer","primacy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"first-rate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chief","formality":"formal"},{"word":"principal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"7342adfb-6925-42b0-ba0d-bdccc41dfe0b","word":"primitive","definition":"Relating to an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"primitivo","language_family":"latin","root":"primitivus","root_meaning":"first of its kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"primitive","meaning":"relating to an early stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primitivus","meaning":"first of its kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primus","meaning":"first","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prime","primary","primal","primordium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ancient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"early","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rudimentary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"basic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"b7df1975-94ec-4e68-9313-4f4aad1b45fe","word":"prince","definition":"A male ruler of a small state or a male member of a royal family.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"príncipe","language_family":"french","root":"princeps","root_meaning":"chief, first","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre-kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prince","meaning":"A male ruler of a small state or a male member of a royal family.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prince","meaning":"prince, ruler","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"princeps","meaning":"chief, first, leader","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"primus","meaning":"first","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["principal","primordial","primary","precept","princess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monarch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"408981d7-6d5a-4a00-871b-9bbb630b2fcd","word":"princess","definition":"A female member of a royal family, especially a daughter of a sovereign.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"princesa","language_family":"french","root":"princesse","root_meaning":"princess","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"princess","meaning":"Female royal","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"princesse","meaning":"princess","children":[{"era":"pre-800 CE","word":"principessa","meaning":"feminine of princeps","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"princeps","meaning":"leader, chief","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prince","principal","principle","princely","princedom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"royal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infanta","formality":"technical"},{"word":"damsel","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"ce5f82a2-e749-4e57-b0fd-fbba187cb458","word":"principal","definition":"First in order of importance; the head of a school or organization.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"principal","language_family":"latin","root":"principalis","root_meaning":"first, chief","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"principal","meaning":"first in importance; head of institution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"principalis","meaning":"first, chief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"princeps","meaning":"first, chief, prince","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["principle","principality","principally","prince"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"primary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"main","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foremost","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"a2210998-ee09-49c9-b463-2ea383e4ab4b","word":"principle","definition":"A fundamental truth or proposition serving as a foundation for reasoning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"principio","language_family":"latin","root":"principium","root_meaning":"beginning, foundation, origin","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"principium","meaning":"Beginning, origin, foundation.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"principle","meaning":"A fundamental rule or truth.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"principio","meaning":"Principle, beginning.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["principal","principled","unprincipled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"law","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"c19be67f-fbc0-434c-806e-fb607a7ba697","word":"principles","definition":"Fundamental rules, laws, or doctrines that serve as the foundation for beliefs, actions, or systems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"principios","language_family":"latin","root":"principium","root_meaning":"beginning, first part, origin","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"principles","meaning":"fundamental rules or doctrines","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"principle","meaning":"beginning, first element","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"principium","meaning":"beginning, first part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"princeps","meaning":"first, chief, principal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["principal","principled","prince","principal","principality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"axioms","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tenets","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fundamentals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rules","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"155d6ad1-9593-4cbe-9523-5bb55d4b7443","word":"print","definition":"To reproduce text or images on paper using mechanical or digital means.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prensa","language_family":"latin","root":"pressare","root_meaning":"to press","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"print","meaning":"to mark or impress","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"printe","meaning":"to press, to impress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pressare","meaning":"to press, to push","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["printer","printing","printout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"publish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reproduce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"f5a74814-3ff7-420b-ac3e-b1a45142de6b","word":"printable","definition":"Capable of being printed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"imprimible","language_family":"french","root":"preinte","root_meaning":"impression, mark","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"printable","meaning":"capable of being printed","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"print + -able","meaning":"capable of print","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"print","meaning":"to impress, mark","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"preinte","meaning":"impression, mark","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["print","printer","imprint","press","unprintable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"readable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproducible","formality":"technical"},{"word":"outputtable","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"3d47bb20-c285-4e31-a4ad-0ab2e0160f8b","word":"printed","definition":"Produced by pressing type or other surfaces onto paper or another material.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"impreso","language_family":"french","root":"prent","root_meaning":"to press or impress","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"printed","meaning":"produced by printing process","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"print","meaning":"to mark by pressing","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"prent","meaning":"to press or impress","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["print","printer","printing","reprint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"typed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"published","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pressed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"12dc5dde-a3a5-4a1e-977d-82c22ad55e23","word":"printer","definition":"A device or person that produces printed material or copies text and images onto paper.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"impresor","language_family":"latin","root":"print","root_meaning":"to press, impress","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*prendh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"printer","meaning":"device or person producing printed material","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"print","meaning":"to press, mark with impression","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"preinte","meaning":"to press, impress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press, squeeze","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["print","printing","printed","reprint","imprint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"printing press","formality":"technical"},{"word":"reproduction device","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pressman","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.701Z"}
{"id":"4fd14c4b-6a74-4fe2-b81d-86ccd3c6a32e","word":"printers","definition":"Devices or people that produce printed text or images on paper or other materials.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"print","root_meaning":"to press or impress","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"printers","meaning":"devices or people that produce printed output","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"printer","meaning":"one who prints","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"print","meaning":"to press or impress","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["print","printing","printed","prints","printer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"copiers","formality":"technical"},{"word":"imprinters","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"ff7b1acb-c6f6-4905-91e2-c7bb6e91d098","word":"printing","definition":"The process of reproducing text or images on paper or other surfaces using ink and a printing press.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"impresión","language_family":"latin","root":"imprimere","root_meaning":"to press into, impress","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"printing","meaning":"process of reproducing images via press","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"printing","meaning":"process of producing printed matter","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"print","meaning":"to mark with pressure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"imprinte","meaning":"pressed mark","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["print","printer","printed","imprint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"publication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reproduction","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pressing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"15b31b54-dfe9-4b80-b6ff-7a9d182184a2","word":"prints","definition":"Impressions, marks, or copies produced by pressing or stamping, or third-person singular verb meaning to produce by pressing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"printa","language_family":"french","root":"printe","root_meaning":"to press or stamp","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prints","meaning":"impressions or copies made by pressing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"print","meaning":"to press or stamp","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"printe","meaning":"pressed or printed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["print","printer","printing","imprint","fingerprint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impressions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproductions","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"8316e60d-9a5c-4553-b790-9b8e2f607920","word":"prior","definition":"Coming before in time or order; a monastic official ranking below an abbot.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prior","language_family":"latin","root":"prior","root_meaning":"former, first, earlier","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prior","meaning":"coming before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prior","meaning":"former, first, earlier","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*per-","meaning":"forward, through","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["priority","prior","priory","priors"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earlier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"former","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preceding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"b0faa2dc-cc32-468b-ac0e-f747e2635235","word":"priority","definition":"The state or fact of being regarded as more important or urgent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prioridad","language_family":"latin","root":"prior","root_meaning":"former, first, chief","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"priority","meaning":"state of being more important","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"priority","meaning":"precedence, superiority","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"priorite","meaning":"precedence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prioritas","meaning":"being first, precedence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prior","prioritize","prioritized","prioritizing","priorities"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precedence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"importance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"urgency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"4c1d5e93-6a69-464c-8b2c-b4a270c5c688","word":"prison","definition":"A building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime or while awaiting trial.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prisión","language_family":"french","root":"prisoun","root_meaning":"capture, custody","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"prisoun","meaning":"capture, custody","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"prison","meaning":"place of confinement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prension-","meaning":"a taking, seizing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prehendere","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Old French"},"related_words":["prisoner","imprison","prise","comprehend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"penitentiary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lockup","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"b6bbbf73-4563-48c4-9ef0-62a8fddd6826","word":"prisoner","definition":"A person deprived of liberty and confined, typically in prison, as punishment for a crime or during a trial.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prisionero","language_family":"french","root":"prensionem","root_meaning":"a taking, seizure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*predh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prisoner","meaning":"a person confined","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"prisounere","meaning":"person confined in a prison","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"prisoun","meaning":"prison, capture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prensionem","meaning":"a taking, seizure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prison","imprison","capture","apprehend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"captive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detainee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inmate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"5bb12e63-f709-4143-b06d-20bb70600f3c","word":"privacy","definition":"The state of being free from public attention or unwanted intrusion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"privacía","language_family":"latin","root":"privatus","root_meaning":"separated, set apart, individual","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"privacy","meaning":"freedom from intrusion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"privacye","meaning":"solitude, retirement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"privatus","meaning":"separated, individual","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["private","privatize","privateer","privation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seclusion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"confidentiality","formality":"technical"},{"word":"solitude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"b9db8449-799c-476a-ad48-8312afe9fc00","word":"private","definition":"Belonging to or for the use of one person or a specific group, not public.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"privado","language_family":"latin","root":"privatus","root_meaning":"withdrawn from public life, personal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"private","meaning":"not public","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"private","meaning":"personal, individual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"privatus","meaning":"withdrawn, personal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"privare","meaning":"to deprive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["privacy","privately","privatize","privates"],"synonyms":[{"word":"personal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confidential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exclusive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"731cc9a7-b761-4e9a-925d-fd135e687e03","word":"privilege","definition":"A special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"privilegio","language_family":"latin","root":"privilegium","root_meaning":"a law for a private person","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"privilege","meaning":"A special right or advantage","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"privilege","meaning":"privilege, right","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"privilegium","meaning":"a law for a private person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"privus","meaning":"private, individual","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"lex","meaning":"law","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["private","legal","privy","privileged","legislate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"right","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advantage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prerogative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"immunity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"832cc03d-20a0-4e98-884c-6a257d02a560","word":"privy","definition":"Secret or private, especially in a way not made public.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"privado","language_family":"latin","root":"privatus","root_meaning":"private, personal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"privy","meaning":"secret or private","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French privé","meaning":"friendly, intimate; private place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin privatus","meaning":"private, personal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["private","privacy","privately","privation","deprive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confidential","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"2fc34c67-cb32-4085-9f61-60a7abd9a738","word":"prix","definition":"A prize, especially in the name of a race or competition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"precio","language_family":"latin","root":"pretium","root_meaning":"price, value, reward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pret-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prix","meaning":"prize, price","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"prix","meaning":"price, value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pretium","meaning":"price, value, reward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English (borrowed from French)"},"related_words":["price","prize","appreciate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"award","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cost","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"25233d0d-1334-40cc-910a-0cfa42af7d49","word":"pro","definition":"In favor of; a professional person or expert; before or in front of.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"pro","language_family":"latin","root":"pro","root_meaning":"before, in front of, forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pro","meaning":"in favor of or before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro","meaning":"before, for, in front","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["professional","proficient","progress","project"],"synonyms":[{"word":"for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in favor of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supporting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"4693627a-58f3-46e4-a30c-89a18228e6fc","word":"probability","definition":"The extent to which something is probable or likely to happen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"probabilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"probabilitas","root_meaning":"credibility, likelihood","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*probʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"probability","meaning":"likelihood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probabilitas","meaning":"credibility, likelihood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probabilis","meaning":"credible, likely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probare","meaning":"to test, prove","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probus","meaning":"good, proper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["probable","prove","approval","probe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"likelihood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prospect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"aa85c75e-9599-4777-b1d2-bf565c387374","word":"probable","definition":"Likely to be true or to happen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"probable","language_family":"latin","root":"probāre","root_meaning":"to test, prove, approve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"probable","meaning":"likely to be true or to happen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"probable","meaning":"likely, credible","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"probable","meaning":"likely, credible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probābilis","meaning":"that may be proved, credible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probāre","meaning":"to test, prove, approve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["probe","prove","probity","probability","provable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"likely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plausible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"credible","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"e96f0b80-95de-4ee9-82dd-d16fe83fdc4b","word":"probably","definition":"In all likelihood; almost certainly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"probablemente","language_family":"latin","root":"probabilis","root_meaning":"provable, likely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"probably","meaning":"in all likelihood","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"probably","meaning":"provably, apparently","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"probable","meaning":"provable, likely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probabilis","meaning":"provable, likely","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["probable","probability","probableness","improbably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"likely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perhaps","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presumably","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in all likelihood","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"8fac8f23-5323-4765-8a58-e840adda3e3f","word":"probation","definition":"The process or period of testing or observing the character or abilities of a person in a certain role.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"probación","language_family":"latin","root":"probatio","root_meaning":"proving, testing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prob-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"probation","meaning":"a period of testing or observing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probatio","meaning":"proving, testing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probare","meaning":"to test, to prove","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["probe","proof","probable","approve","reprobate","improve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"test","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"examination","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"6ff048cb-2e01-4135-97cc-5ebcf1202887","word":"probe","definition":"To physically explore or examine something with the hands or an instrument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"probar","language_family":"latin","root":"probare","root_meaning":"to test, try, prove","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*probh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"probe","meaning":"to examine, investigate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prober","meaning":"to test, investigate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probare","meaning":"to test, try, prove","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proof","probable","probation","approval"],"synonyms":[{"word":"investigate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrutinize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"5b041e4f-8ab4-41ac-a040-bbda8b22685a","word":"problem","definition":"A difficulty or matter that needs to be solved or dealt with.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"problema","language_family":"greek","root":"próblēma","root_meaning":"something put forward, a task or problem","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"problem","meaning":"a difficulty to be solved","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"probleme","meaning":"a problem, difficulty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"próblēma","meaning":"something thrown forward, a task","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro- + ballein","meaning":"to throw forward","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["problematic","problematize","ballistic","parable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difficulty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"challenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"predicament","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"6cea3b54-1ae9-445d-8429-9c309f9af013","word":"problems","definition":"Difficulties or matters that need to be solved or dealt with.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"problemas","language_family":"greek","root":"problema","root_meaning":"something thrown forward, a question","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"problems","meaning":"difficulties to be solved","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"problem","meaning":"a difficult matter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"problema","meaning":"something thrown forward, a question","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["problem","problematic","problematize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difficulties","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issues","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"challenges","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"2b7f9211-8398-4474-a208-073e7b1b9923","word":"procedure","definition":"An established way of doing something; a series of steps to accomplish a task.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"procedimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"procedere","root_meaning":"to go forward, proceed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"procedure","meaning":"established way of doing something","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"procédure","meaning":"course of action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procedere","meaning":"to go forward, proceed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["procedural","procedurally","procedures"],"synonyms":[{"word":"process","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"method","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protocol","formality":"formal"},{"word":"protocol","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"08522828-64d0-4c24-ad18-afbd30d2e280","word":"procedures","definition":"An official or formal way of doing something, usually involving a series of steps.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"procedimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin procedere","root_meaning":"to go forward, proceed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"procedures","meaning":"formal ways of doing something","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"procedure","meaning":"method or process","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procedere","meaning":"to go forward, proceed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English/French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proceed","procedure","procedural","proceedings"],"synonyms":[{"word":"process","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"method","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protocol","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"25938f36-eb53-478c-8cf8-c3d4a98fb30e","word":"proceed","definition":"To begin or continue a course of action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"proceder","language_family":"latin","root":"procedere","root_meaning":"go forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre- + *ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proceed","meaning":"to go forward","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"proceder","meaning":"to go forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procedere","meaning":"to go forward, advance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["process","procession","concede","recede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"continue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"go on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"progress","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"d2e1ba9a-67d7-4c01-906c-17aedf5776e6","word":"process","definition":"A series of actions or operations conducted to reach a particular result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proceso","language_family":"latin","root":"processus","root_meaning":"a going forward, advance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"process","meaning":"series of actions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"process","meaning":"a proceeding, sequence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"processus","meaning":"a going forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procedere","meaning":"to go forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["processing","processed","processor","processes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procedure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"method","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sequence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"0d70ea4a-97da-4302-b315-473dbecb3fb8","word":"processes","definition":"A series of actions, changes, or functions that bring about a result; the plural of process.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"procesos","language_family":"latin","root":"processus","root_meaning":"a going forward, advance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro-ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"processes","meaning":"plural of process; series of actions or changes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"process","meaning":"a series of actions or changes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"processus","meaning":"a going forward, advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procedere","meaning":"to go forward, proceed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["process","proceed","procedure","processor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procedures","formality":"formal"},{"word":"methods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systems","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"ac8f1a77-b85e-4e63-a5a7-861ee99ccb53","word":"processing","definition":"The action of handling or treating something through a systematic series of steps.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Latin processus","root_meaning":"a going forward, progress","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"processing","meaning":"series of steps to handle something","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"process","meaning":"forward movement, progress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"processus","meaning":"a going forward","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["process","processor","processed","processing-power"],"synonyms":[{"word":"treatment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"c76d2c73-1b48-47cf-a4f5-c8eb1d8e3c13","word":"processor","definition":"A machine or system that processes something, especially data in a computer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"procesador","language_family":"latin","root":"processus","root_meaning":"a going forward, progress","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"processor","meaning":"device for processing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"process","meaning":"to perform a series of mechanical or chemical operations","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"processus","meaning":"a going forward, progress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["process","procedure","concede","recede","succession","access"],"synonyms":[{"word":"computer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"CPU","formality":"technical"},{"word":"manipulator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"ff9b43a1-0747-473a-8587-d521bb6ee1b2","word":"proctor","definition":"A proctor is a person who supervises an examination or serves as an official representative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"procurador","language_family":"latin","root":"procurator","root_meaning":"manager, agent, caretaker","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proctor","meaning":"a person who supervises an examination or serves as an official representative","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"proctour / procutour","meaning":"a proctor, official, or representative","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"procuratour","meaning":"an agent or manager","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procurator","meaning":"manager, agent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proctorial","proctorship","proctoring","proctorize","proctorage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"invigilator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supervisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"2d6fc19b-fba7-4f30-9058-dccd1540ae70","word":"procurement","definition":"The action of obtaining or procuring something, especially with care or effort.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"procuración","language_family":"latin","root":"procurare","root_meaning":"to take care of, manage, acquire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"procurement","meaning":"the action of obtaining","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"procurement","meaning":"management, acquisition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"procurer","meaning":"to take care of, acquire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procurare","meaning":"to take care of, manage, acquire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["procure","procurator","curator","cure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acquisition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obtaining","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sourcing","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"85e333f0-b40a-446a-8824-6910aaaa514b","word":"produce","definition":"To make, manufacture, or bring into existence; or agricultural products grown for market.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"producir","language_family":"latin","root":"producere","root_meaning":"to lead forward, bring forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"produce","meaning":"to make or create","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"produce","meaning":"to bring forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"producere","meaning":"to lead forward, bring forth from pro- and ducere","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["producer","product","production","reduce","conduct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manufacture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"create","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"make","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b0ac908d-f9db-4c94-8dbc-70f0171d77eb","word":"produced","definition":"Created, manufactured, or brought into existence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"producir","language_family":"latin","root":"producere","root_meaning":"to lead forward, bring forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"produced","meaning":"created or manufactured","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"produce","meaning":"to bring forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"producere","meaning":"to lead forward, bring forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro- + ducere","meaning":"forward + to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["produce","product","production","productive","producer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manufactured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"created","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"made","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"5936b013-b510-4035-9ad6-32b53863eb34","word":"producer","definition":"A person or company that makes or supplies goods or commodities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"productor","language_family":"latin","root":"producere","root_meaning":"to bring forth, lead forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-, *deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"producer","meaning":"one who produces","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"produiseur","meaning":"one who produces","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"productor","meaning":"producer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"producere","meaning":"to bring forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["produce","product","production","conduct","reduce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manufacturer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"a2a5bdbb-4016-4fb7-93d9-37397f06e5a2","word":"product","definition":"Something produced or manufactured; the result of a process.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"producto","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin productus","root_meaning":"brought forth, produced","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"product","meaning":"something manufactured or produced","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"product","meaning":"thing produced","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"productus","meaning":"brought forth, extended","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["produce","production","productive","products"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commodity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"good","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"item","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"26fc47ca-1798-4a33-8255-fb618c1a51b5","word":"production","definition":"The process of making, growing, or creating something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"producción","language_family":"latin","root":"productio","root_meaning":"a bringing forth, extension","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"production","meaning":"act of producing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"production","meaning":"bringing forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"productio","meaning":"a bringing forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"producere","meaning":"to bring forth, lead forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["produce","product","productive","producer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manufacturing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"creation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"output","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"ad254b79-1ecc-422a-9464-f5f7eea21260","word":"productive","definition":"Producing a large amount of something, especially goods or crops.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"productivo","language_family":"latin","root":"producere","root_meaning":"to bring forth, produce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"productive","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"productivus","meaning":"productive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"producere","meaning":"to bring forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"before, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["produce","production","product","productivity","conductor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"efficient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prolific","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fruitful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"high-yield","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"4f5a7c91-dd0a-4304-b28e-cad9e0fbf36f","word":"products","definition":"Plural of product; items manufactured or produced for sale or use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"productos","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin productus","root_meaning":"drawn out, produced, brought forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"products","meaning":"manufactured items","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"product","meaning":"thing produced","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"productus","meaning":"produced, drawn out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["product","produce","production","productive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merchandise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commodities","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"0f08b482-a0b7-4c19-a385-2fe775bef2d7","word":"profession","definition":"A paid occupation, especially one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"profesión","language_family":"latin","root":"professio","root_meaning":"public declaration, public statement, a vow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"profession","meaning":"paid occupation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"professio","meaning":"public declaration, vow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"profiteri","meaning":"to declare publicly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["confess","professor","professional","profess","confession"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occupation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"career","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vocation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"bd9f2ea6-bb9f-4fbe-80a9-e4710e4f7cf4","word":"professional","definition":"A person engaged in a specified activity, especially a sport, as a paid occupation; or relating to work requiring specialized knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"profesional","language_family":"latin","root":"professio","root_meaning":"declaration, occupation, vow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"professional","meaning":"a paid occupation specialist","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"professional","meaning":"relating to a profession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"professio","meaning":"a declaration, occupation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["profession","profess","professionalism","professionally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specialist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practitioner","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"5a08fea2-cc0a-49e4-bfdc-cdd2942c3f89","word":"professionals","definition":"Plural of professional; people engaged in a profession or occupation requiring specialized knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"profesionales","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin professionem","root_meaning":"occupation, vocation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"professionals","meaning":"plural of professional; skilled practitioners","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"professional","meaning":"one engaged in a profession","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"professionel","meaning":"of or relating to profession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"professionem","meaning":"occupation, public declaration","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["professional","professionalism","professionalize","professionally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"experts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specialists","formality":"formal"},{"word":"practitioners","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pros","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"795b9aab-1d74-4741-ab4e-6575d92b86f3","word":"professor","definition":"An academic teacher of the highest rank at a university or college.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"profesor","language_family":"latin","root":"professus","root_meaning":"declared, professed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"professor","meaning":"university teacher of highest rank","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"professor","meaning":"one who professes a subject","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"professor","meaning":"one who professes or declares","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"profiteri","meaning":"to declare, profess","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["professors","professorship","professorial","profess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"academic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instructor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"educator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"93c28026-c5af-48c8-a9d1-ef646ec82792","word":"profile","definition":"A description or summary of a person's characteristics, qualifications, or history.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perfil","language_family":"french","root":"profil","root_meaning":"side view, outline","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"profile","meaning":"a descriptive summary or side view","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"profil","meaning":"outline, side view","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro","meaning":"forward, before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["profiles","profiling","pro","file"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biography","formality":"formal"},{"word":"summary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sketch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"536276e9-d874-4a01-954b-7f48645fd5b8","word":"profiles","definition":"Plural of profile; outlines or summaries of characteristics, especially of a person or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"perfiles","language_family":"latin","root":"profil","root_meaning":"outline, side view","root_language":"Italian/French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*pro- (forward) + *fil- (thread, line)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"profiles","meaning":"outlines or summaries","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"profile","meaning":"outline of a person's face or characteristics","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"profilo","meaning":"outline, side view","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro + filo","meaning":"forward + thread/line","children":[],"language":"Latin/Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["profile","profiled","profiling","profilist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outlines","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"summaries","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sketches","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"descriptions","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"a9009832-1e1b-4940-b775-fa38ee0fec5d","word":"profit","definition":"A financial gain obtained from a business transaction or investment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"provecho","language_family":"latin","root":"profectus","root_meaning":"progress, advancement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro- + *fac-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"profit","meaning":"financial gain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"profit","meaning":"benefit, advantage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"profectus","meaning":"progress, advancement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["profitable","profitably","profiteer","profits"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earnings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proceeds","formality":"formal"},{"word":"return","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"61230726-6034-43ff-b89c-c42b2dccdf93","word":"profitable","definition":"Yielding profit or gain.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"provecho","language_family":"latin","root":"proficere","root_meaning":"to make progress, succeed, be useful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"profitable","meaning":"yielding profit or gain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"profit","meaning":"benefit or gain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"profiter","meaning":"to benefit; make profit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proficere","meaning":"to make progress, succeed, be useful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["profit","profitability","profitless","profiteer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lucrative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gainful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remunerative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"worthwhile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"b645ee37-1c22-440a-bd97-646322c6e8cc","word":"profound","definition":"(of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense; (of a person or statement) having or showing great knowledge or insight.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"profundo","language_family":"latin","root":"profundus","root_meaning":"deep, profound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro- + *bhudhnos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"profound","meaning":"very great or intense","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"profound","meaning":"deep","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"profundus","meaning":"deep, bottomless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"before, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fundus","meaning":"bottom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["profundity","unfound","fund","founder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insightful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abstruse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"59e46264-a73c-431d-8452-163b39201314","word":"program","definition":"A set of instructions or plan of activities; software code for a computer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"programa","language_family":"greek","root":"programma","root_meaning":"written public notice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"program","meaning":"plan of action or code","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"programme","meaning":"written schedule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"programma","meaning":"public notice, written order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prographein","meaning":"to write beforehand","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["programming","programmer","programmed","software"],"synonyms":[{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"software","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"7d3d56d1-7e71-4442-adf2-75c22efd7e7a","word":"programme","definition":"A plan of things to be done or activities to be carried out; a broadcast presentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"programa","language_family":"greek","root":"programma","root_meaning":"written notice, edict, plan","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gerbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"programme","meaning":"plan or schedule of activities","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"programme","meaning":"written notice, plan","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"programme","meaning":"edict, program","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"programma","meaning":"written notice, written in public","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["programmer","programming","programs","programme"],"synonyms":[{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agenda","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"3f7b31bf-2d3b-4e78-9235-9f4e1d98d897","word":"programming","definition":"The activity of writing instructions for computers to execute.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"programación","language_family":"greek","root":"programma","root_meaning":"something written beforehand","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"programming","meaning":"writing computer code","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"program","meaning":"sequence of instructions","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"programme","meaning":"written notice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"programma","meaning":"written beforehand, public notice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["program","programmer","programmable","code"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coding","formality":"technical"},{"word":"instruction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"software development","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"bd829af1-64e8-4c55-a66f-0ec6117d406d","word":"programs","definition":"Sets of instructions executed by a computer; or organized courses of activities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"programa","language_family":"greek","root":"programma","root_meaning":"written public notice, decree","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gra-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"programs","meaning":"instructions or organized courses","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"program","meaning":"plan, schedule, computer instructions","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"programma","meaning":"written public notice, edict","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["program","programming","programmer","program"],"synonyms":[{"word":"software","formality":"technical"},{"word":"courses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiatives","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"409e3be0-0371-4472-8eb7-ae30dfd019a0","word":"progress","definition":"Forward movement or advancement toward a goal; improvement or development.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"progreso","language_family":"latin","root":"progressus","root_meaning":"going forward, advance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gredh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"progress","meaning":"forward movement, advancement","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"progress","meaning":"advance, going forward","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"progres","meaning":"advance, journey","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"progressus","meaning":"going forward, advance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["progress","progressive","progression","proceed","procession"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advancement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"improvement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"headway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"development","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"2c6dd37c-d638-4454-965b-449c85e9e602","word":"progressive","definition":"Happening or developing gradually or in stages; favoring or implementing social reform or new liberal ideas.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"progresivo","language_family":"latin","root":"progressus","root_meaning":"a going forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"progressive","meaning":"moving forward, advancing","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"progressif","meaning":"advancing","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"progressivus","meaning":"moving forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"progressus","meaning":"a going forward, advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gradi","meaning":"to step, walk, go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["progress","regression","gradient","grade","gradual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advancing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"developing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liberal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reformist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"878c07e3-0be5-43c9-b5aa-1b9086a5a977","word":"prohibit","definition":"To formally forbid something by law, rule, or other authority.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prohibir","language_family":"latin","root":"prohibere","root_meaning":"to hold before, keep back, hinder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prohibit","meaning":"To formally forbid something by law.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prohibere","meaning":"to hold before, keep back, hinder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"habere","meaning":"to have, hold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gʰebʰ-","meaning":"to give, to take","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prohibition","inhibit","exhibit","habit","able"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forbid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prevent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interdict","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"d32db82d-d8c3-45eb-9646-f8dd83b5fe10","word":"prohibition","definition":"The act or state of forbidding something by law or authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prohibición","language_family":"latin","root":"prohibere","root_meaning":"to hold back, restrain, prevent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prohibition","meaning":"the act or state of forbidding something by law or authority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prohibitio","meaning":"a forbidding or restraining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prohibere","meaning":"to hold back or prevent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prohibit","prohibited","prohibiting","prohibitive","prohibitory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forbiddance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interdiction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"5ceefbf4-6335-4c52-96d4-d6c1cfe90e04","word":"project","definition":"A planned undertaking or enterprise, or to cause something to extend outward.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proyecto","language_family":"latin","root":"proiectus","root_meaning":"thrown forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"project","meaning":"planned undertaking or to extend","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"project","meaning":"thrown forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proiectus","meaning":"thrown forward, past participle of proicere","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["projection","projectile","projector","pro-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undertaking","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scheme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enterprise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"e99e82bc-6dec-4b49-a8e9-3d4f481938d9","word":"projection","definition":"An estimate or forecast of a future situation or trend based on present data, or the presentation of an image onto a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proyección","language_family":"latin","root":"pro- + iacere","root_meaning":"throw forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"projection","meaning":"An estimate or display","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"projection","meaning":"action of throwing forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prōiectiō","meaning":"a throwing forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prō-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"iacere","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["project","inject","object","trajectory","eject"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forecast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estimate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prediction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"f99486ae-e4b6-4565-a32a-a1d0a619adb0","word":"projector","definition":"An optical instrument that projects an image onto a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proyector","language_family":"latin","root":"proicere","root_meaning":"to throw forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁reǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"projector","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"project","meaning":"to throw forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proicere","meaning":"to throw forth, extend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"iacere","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English (from Latin)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["project","projection","trajectory","inject"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apparatus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"machine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imager","formality":"technical"},{"word":"thrower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"81f7538d-9822-4d49-8eaf-280c55961b1d","word":"projects","definition":"Planned undertakings or tasks, or to cause to extend outward.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proyectos","language_family":"latin","root":"projectus","root_meaning":"thrown forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"projects","meaning":"planned tasks or undertakings","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"project","meaning":"a proposed scheme","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"projectus","meaning":"thrown forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro + jacere","meaning":"forward + to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["project","projectile","projection","projector","eject"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undertakings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tasks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"schemes","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"b3854b12-6cdc-44a7-9916-4326f5883cb4","word":"prom","definition":"A formal dance, especially one held by a high school class at the end of the academic year.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"promenade","root_meaning":"walking, stroll","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prom","meaning":"A formal dance","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"promenade","meaning":"a leisurely walk","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"promenade","meaning":"a walk","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"promener","meaning":"to walk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prominare","meaning":"to drive forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["promenade","demote","menace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ball","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gala","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"112157f2-89e1-47e9-974b-b5c82893ad2b","word":"prominent","definition":"Standing out so as to be seen easily; important, famous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prominente","language_family":"latin","root":"pro- + minere","root_meaning":"jutting forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prominent","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prominentem","meaning":"jutting forth, projecting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"minere","meaning":"to jut, project","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["eminent","imminent","preeminent","minatory","menace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conspicuous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noticeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"striking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"important","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"50c320d2-39ab-4356-b1f3-91f90a1ea8fd","word":"promise","definition":"A declaration or assurance that one will do a particular thing or that a particular thing will happen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"promesa","language_family":"latin","root":"promittere","root_meaning":"to send forth, send forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"promise","meaning":"assurance of future action","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"promesse","meaning":"promise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"promittere","meaning":"to send forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["missive","commit","permission","mission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vow","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assurance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"1a1a9a42-08fb-4e4b-908d-ec44d268dc53","word":"promote","definition":"To advance or encourage the growth, acceptance, or popularity of something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"promover","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin promovere","root_meaning":"to move forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meuh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"promote","meaning":"to advance or encourage","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"promote","meaning":"to advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"promovere","meaning":"to move forward, advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro- + movere","meaning":"forward + to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["promotion","promoter","promotional","promoted","promoting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"encourage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"publicize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boost","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"cf9561e2-11e4-42e4-bf63-186a2dfcb24d","word":"promotion","definition":"The advancement of a person to a higher position or rank, or the publicizing of a product or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"promoción","language_family":"latin","root":"promovere","root_meaning":"to move forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meuh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"promotion","meaning":"advancement or publicizing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"promotion","meaning":"act of promoting","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"promotion","meaning":"advancement or furthering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"promovere","meaning":"to move forward, advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["promote","promoter","promotional","motor","move"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advancement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publicity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marketing","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"69152498-e7b1-4ae1-b30e-0e98ccfd2264","word":"prompt","definition":"Done without delay; quick to act.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"pronto","language_family":"latin","root":"promptus","root_meaning":"brought forward, ready, quick","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prompt","meaning":"quick to act","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"promptus","meaning":"brought forward, ready, quick","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"promere","meaning":"to bring forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["promptly","prompting","impromptu","redeem","premium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immediate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ready","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expeditious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"e0f079d5-2b84-4742-bdfd-1656f751912a","word":"prone","definition":"Lying face down or naturally inclined toward something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prono","language_family":"latin","root":"prōnus","root_meaning":"bent forward; inclined","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prone","meaning":"lying face down; inclined or liable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prōnus","meaning":"bent forward; inclined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prō","meaning":"forward; before; for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proneness","pronate","pronation","pronator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inclined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"predisposed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"8488602b-421b-49e7-8f45-dd13907d5c86","word":"pronounce","definition":"To make the sound of a word or part of a word clearly and correctly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pronunciar","language_family":"latin","root":"pronuntiare","root_meaning":"to announce, proclaim","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*new-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pronounce","meaning":"to articulate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prononcer","meaning":"to declare, to pronounce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pronuntiare","meaning":"to announce, proclaim","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forth, publicly","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"nuntiare","meaning":"to announce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nuntius","meaning":"messenger","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*new-","meaning":"to shout, to call","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["announcement","denounce","enounce","pronunciation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"articulate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enunciate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"voice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"5c44bbb5-98d7-4192-94e3-d9125edc4e6b","word":"pronto","definition":"Quickly or without delay.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"pronto","language_family":"latin","root":"prōmptus","root_meaning":"brought forth; ready","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pronto","meaning":"quickly; immediately","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"pronto","meaning":"ready; promptly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prōmptus","meaning":"brought forth; ready","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prōmō","meaning":"bring forth; produce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prompt","promptly","promptness","prompting","unprompted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"promptly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quickly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immediately","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"f4ee40fa-7818-48fb-96da-18179786b943","word":"proof","definition":"Evidence or argument establishing the truth or validity of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prueba","language_family":"latin","root":"proba","root_meaning":"to test, approve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proof","meaning":"evidence of truth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"proof","meaning":"test, trial, evidence","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"prove","meaning":"to test, to prove","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probare","meaning":"to test, approve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prove","proven","proof-reader","disproof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evidence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"verification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"confirmation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}
{"id":"9494813e-79e9-4c81-a25a-232ed22ff7df","word":"prop","definition":"A support or a thing that props something up.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"proppen","root_meaning":"to stop up, to support","root_language":"Middle Dutch / Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prop","meaning":"support","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"proppe","meaning":"support, plug","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"proppen","meaning":"to stop up, support","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stopper","plug","support","stay","uphold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stay","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"d2814949-4976-4275-9000-5d667d1339d4","word":"propaganda","definition":"Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"propaganda","language_family":"latin","root":"propagare","root_meaning":"to spread, propagate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₂g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"propaganda","meaning":"biased information to promote a cause","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"Congregatio de Propaganda Fide","meaning":"Congregation for Propagating the Faith","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"propagare","meaning":"to spread, propagate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Ecclesiastical Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["propagate","propagation","plant","pact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disinformation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indoctrination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitprop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"1c3f6cd4-29f1-4ec9-9fc7-40c052eb08ab","word":"proper","definition":"suitable, fitting, or appropriate for a particular purpose or situation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"propio","language_family":"latin","root":"proprius","root_meaning":"one's own, particular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proper","meaning":"suitable, appropriate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"proper","meaning":"suitable, fitting","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"propre","meaning":"own, proper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proprius","meaning":"one's own, particular","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["property","propriety","proprietor","properly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appropriate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correct","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"1b38b18f-ef05-42d6-b69f-711af9d42d78","word":"properties","definition":"Things owned; possessions or characteristics of an object or substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"propiedades","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin proprietas","root_meaning":"one's own, ownership","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"properties","meaning":"possessions or characteristics","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"property","meaning":"ownership, quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proprietas","meaning":"property, ownership","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proprius","meaning":"one's own","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["property","proper","propriety","appropriate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possessions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attributes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"characteristics","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"3a35ff10-af9b-4cbe-a834-9a39b21e441d","word":"property","definition":"A thing or things owned; possessions or belongings, or a building or land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"propiedad","language_family":"latin","root":"proprius","root_meaning":"one's own, special","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"property","meaning":"things owned","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"property","meaning":"ownership, possession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proprietas","meaning":"a possession, ownership","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proprius","meaning":"one's own","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["properties","proprietor","proper","propriety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"possessions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belongings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assets","formality":"formal"},{"word":"estate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"a3e244d6-6c9f-46cd-b7ba-457b4d1045bd","word":"prophecy","definition":"A prediction of what will happen in the future.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"profecía","language_family":"greek","root":"prophēteia","root_meaning":"gift of interpreting the will of God","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prophecy","meaning":"a prediction of the future","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prophecie","meaning":"prophecy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prophetia","meaning":"prophecy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prophēteia","meaning":"gift of interpreting the will of God","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prophet","prophesy","prophetic","oracle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prediction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oracle","formality":"literary"},{"word":"augury","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"9188f289-8ed0-4f3e-8797-452e6ff6bdd1","word":"prophet","definition":"A person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"profeta","language_family":"greek","root":"prophētēs","root_meaning":"one who speaks for another, announcer","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prophet","meaning":"A person regarded as an inspired teacher...","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"prophète","meaning":"prophet","children":[{"era":"4th century","word":"prophēta","meaning":"prophet","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"prophētēs","meaning":"one who speaks for another, announcer","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prophecy","prophesy","prophetic","prophage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"oracle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diviner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"6786921a-d713-4dba-8b7b-cde276cc7adc","word":"proportion","definition":"A part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proporción","language_family":"latin","root":"proportio","root_meaning":"comparative relation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- + *port-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proportion","meaning":"A part in relation to a whole.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proportio","meaning":"comparative relation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro","meaning":"for, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"portio","meaning":"part, share","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["portion","ratio","percentage","fraction","allocate","distribute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ratio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"share","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"percentage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnitude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"1152b50b-47b1-4b3f-a0d3-d0b139505347","word":"proposal","definition":"A suggested plan, idea, or offer for consideration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"propuesta","language_family":"latin","root":"proponere","root_meaning":"to set forth, propose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proposal","meaning":"suggested plan or offer","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"propose","meaning":"to put forward, suggest","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"proposer","meaning":"to propose, set forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proponere","meaning":"to set forth, propose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["propose","proposed","proposition","proposer","decompose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggestion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proposition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scheme","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"d1b3ae00-d304-4226-949d-ecca1f204c9b","word":"propose","definition":"To put forward a plan or suggestion for consideration by others.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"proponer","language_family":"latin","root":"proponere","root_meaning":"to set forth, propose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"propose","meaning":"to suggest","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"proposer","meaning":"to propose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proponere","meaning":"to set forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro- + ponere","meaning":"before + to put","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proposal","proposition","purpose","compose","opponent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"3e858738-7ced-416a-8a9d-e516ddf66bb3","word":"proposed","definition":"Put forward a plan, suggestion, or candidate for consideration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"propuesto","language_family":"latin","root":"proponere","root_meaning":"to set forth; to put forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proposed","meaning":"put forward for consideration","children":[{"era":"current","word":"propose","meaning":"to put forward","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"proposer","meaning":"to put forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proponere","meaning":"to set forth; put forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["propose","proposal","proposition","proposer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggested","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"put forward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"submitted","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"81bfa708-faa7-4b75-8098-a14bf6d1888f","word":"proposition","definition":"A statement or assertion that expresses a judgment or opinion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proposición","language_family":"latin","root":"proponere","root_meaning":"to put forth, propose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proposition","meaning":"statement, proposal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"proposition","meaning":"proposal, suggestion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"propositio","meaning":"a setting forth, proposal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proponere","meaning":"to put forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["propose","proposal","composition","position"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proposal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suggestion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"96c9a36b-de13-4f90-9fbf-b20ccfc57887","word":"proprietary","definition":"Relating to an owner or ownership, or produced and owned by a particular person or company.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"propietario","language_family":"latin","root":"proprius","root_meaning":"one's own, proper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proprietary","meaning":"Relating to an owner or ownership, or produced and owned by a particular person or company.","children":[{"era":"post-200 AD","word":"proprietarius","meaning":"owner","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"proprietas","meaning":"ownership, property","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"proprius","meaning":"one's own, proper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["property","proprietor","proper","appropriate","impropriety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exclusive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patented","formality":"technical"},{"word":"copyrighted","formality":"technical"},{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"34114333-92ab-4533-8a00-7ee1c8865ead","word":"prosecute","definition":"To pursue or continue a course of action, especially a legal case.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"proseguir","language_family":"french","root":"Latin prosequi","root_meaning":"to follow after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prosecute","meaning":"to pursue or continue a course of action, especially a legal case","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Middle English prosecute","meaning":"to pursue or carry on","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French prosecuter","meaning":"to pursue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin prosequi","meaning":"to follow after","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prosecution","prosecutor","prosecutable","prosecutive","prosequi"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pursue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"charge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indict","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"baf9ef33-e5af-42a4-8f9d-54636e1f125c","word":"prosecution","definition":"The institution and carrying on of legal proceedings against a person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"persecución","language_family":"latin","root":"prosequi","root_meaning":"to pursue, follow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prosecution","meaning":"legal proceedings against a person","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"prosecution","meaning":"pursuing, prosecution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosequi","meaning":"to pursue, follow, escort","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*sekʷ-","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prosecute","prosecutor","consequent","sequence","execute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"indictment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"litigation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arraignment","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"a9fbabf7-4086-45a0-afbb-5295164491c9","word":"prosecutor","definition":"A legal official who institutes legal proceedings against someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"prosequi","root_meaning":"to pursue, follow after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prosecutor","meaning":"legal official who institutes proceedings","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"prosecute","meaning":"to follow up, pursue legally","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosecutus","meaning":"followed, pursued","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosequi","meaning":"to pursue, follow after","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prosecute","pursuit","sequence","consequent","execute","sect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"counsel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"district attorney","formality":"technical"},{"word":"accuser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plaintiff","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"d0e17ac1-ece1-4cee-b515-75ddc83a9fbd","word":"prospect","definition":"The possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prospecto","language_family":"latin","root":"prospectus","root_meaning":"a distant view, looking forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prospect","meaning":"The possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"prospect","meaning":"view, outlook","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prospectus","meaning":"a distant view, looking forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prospicere","meaning":"to look forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prospective","prospectus","inspect","aspect","speculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"potential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"future","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vista","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"91b230aa-d15e-4e23-89c8-2377db8e6603","word":"prospective","definition":"(Of a person) expected or expecting to be something in the future.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"prospectivo","language_family":"latin","root":"prospectus","root_meaning":"a look forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prospective","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prospectus","meaning":"a look forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prospicere","meaning":"to look forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*spek-","meaning":"to observe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prospect","inspect","spectacle","species","speculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"potential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"future","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forthcoming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"a816b7cb-f820-413a-9de3-cfdc1e98a700","word":"prosper","definition":"To succeed, thrive, or flourish.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"prosperar","language_family":"latin","root":"prosperus","root_meaning":"favorable, fortunate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prosper","meaning":"to succeed or flourish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prosperen","meaning":"to prosper","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"prosperer","meaning":"to prosper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosperare","meaning":"to make fortunate, prosper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosperus","meaning":"favorable, fortunate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prosperity","prosperous","prospered","prospering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thrive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flourish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"succeed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"7ee30e1f-476e-4656-9bfe-22884cff4358","word":"prosperity","definition":"A state of success, wealth, and good fortune.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prosperidad","language_family":"latin","root":"prosperus","root_meaning":"favorable; fortunate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prosperity","meaning":"state of success, wealth, and good fortune","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"prosperite","meaning":"prosperity","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"prosperitet","meaning":"prosperity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosperitas","meaning":"prosperity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosperus","meaning":"favorable; fortunate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prosper","prosperous","prosperously","prospering","prosperousness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"success","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affluence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wealth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"5dba23f2-495e-4db9-8572-908edc315f82","word":"prosperous","definition":"Having achieved or characterized by success, wealth, or flourishing condition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"próspero","language_family":"latin","root":"prosperus","root_meaning":"favorable, fortunate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prosperous","meaning":"having achieved or characterized by success, wealth, or flourishing condition","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"prosperous","meaning":"favorable, auspicious, flourishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosperus","meaning":"favorable, fortunate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French / Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prosper","prosperity","prosperously","prosperousness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flourishing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"successful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affluent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"f8966aa3-775a-49d2-964a-710f46e06744","word":"prostate","definition":"A gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"próstata","language_family":"greek","root":"prostates","root_meaning":"one who stands before","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prostate","meaning":"A male gland","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prostata","meaning":"prostate gland","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prostates","meaning":"one who stands before (referring to its position)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["static","station","stand","state","prothesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gland","formality":"technical"},{"word":"organ","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"9db0e15b-270e-4d03-a4ce-eb5dd52c9240","word":"prostitute","definition":"A person who offers sexual services for payment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prostituta","language_family":"latin","root":"prostituere","root_meaning":"to expose publicly, offer for sale","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prostitute","meaning":"person offering sexual services for payment","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"prostituer","meaning":"to expose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prostituere","meaning":"to expose publicly, offer for sale","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro (before) + statuere (to cause to stand)","meaning":"to stand before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prostitution","prostrate","constitute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harlot","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"courtesan","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sex worker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"f49b4d1b-9cae-43b9-92a1-e6caaf432557","word":"prostitution","definition":"The practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prostitución","language_family":"latin","root":"prostituere","root_meaning":"to expose publicly, offer for sale","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prostitution","meaning":"act of engaging in sexual activity for payment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prostitutionem","meaning":"public exposure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prostituere","meaning":"to expose publicly, offer for sale","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"before, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"statuere","meaning":"to set up, place","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prostitute","expose","status","constitution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harlotry","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"vice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sex work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"e3c039fb-e7f1-495e-a5bf-68f05af7756f","word":"protagonist","definition":"The leading character in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"protagonista","language_family":"greek","root":"prōtagōnistēs","root_meaning":"first actor, chief competitor","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"prōtagōnistḗs (πρωταγωνιστής)","meaning":"The first actor, chief competitor. From prōtos (first) + agōnistēs (actor, combatant).","children":[{"era":"1670s","word":"protagonist","meaning":"The main character in a story.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"protagonista","meaning":"Protagonist.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["antagonist","agonist","agony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hero","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lead","formality":"informal"},{"word":"main character","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"614968f8-8bf8-4f93-8ccf-43ed3ab7e1f0","word":"protect","definition":"To keep someone or something safe from harm or injury.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"proteger","language_family":"latin","root":"protegere","root_meaning":"to cover, to shield","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"protect","meaning":"to keep safe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protegere","meaning":"to cover, to shield","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro","meaning":"forward, in front of","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tegere","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["protection","protector","protective","protege"],"synonyms":[{"word":"defend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeguard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"b04ebf38-554e-448e-bc77-8cbb4f3afcc1","word":"protected","definition":"Kept safe from harm or injury.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"protegido","language_family":"latin","root":"protegere","root_meaning":"to cover, shield, defend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protected","meaning":"kept safe from harm","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"protect","meaning":"to shield, defend, guard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protegere","meaning":"to cover, shield, defend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro- + tegere","meaning":"before/forth + to cover","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["protect","protection","protector","protective","unprotected"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shielded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defended","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeguarded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guarded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"4af7325f-3fa8-44d6-85de-9368a967d19b","word":"protection","definition":"The act or process of keeping someone or something from harm or injury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"protección","language_family":"latin","root":"protegere","root_meaning":"to cover, shield","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protection","meaning":"keeping from harm","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"protection","meaning":"shield, cover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protegere","meaning":"to cover, shield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["protect","protector","protective","protectionism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"defense","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeguard","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"6c8b72ec-62e2-47f7-9864-bcc6c5872d9a","word":"protective","definition":"Providing or intended to provide protection.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"protectivo","language_family":"french","root":"protegere","root_meaning":"to cover in front, defend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protective","meaning":"Providing protection","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"protectif","meaning":"protective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protegere","meaning":"to cover in front, defend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["protect","protection","protector","protégé"],"synonyms":[{"word":"safeguarding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shielding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"cf5d94e6-467e-4d11-8e69-aa854dd16861","word":"protector","definition":"A person or thing that protects someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"protector","language_family":"latin","root":"protegere","root_meaning":"to cover in front, to protect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protector","meaning":"one who protects","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"protector","meaning":"protector","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prōtector","meaning":"protector","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prōtegere","meaning":"to cover in front, to protect","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*teg-","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["protect","protection","protective","protectant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custodian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patron","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"b80a9df3-d245-45b4-bb75-9f54a3ea612e","word":"protein","definition":"A complex organic compound consisting of amino acids linked together; an essential nutrient found in foods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proteína","language_family":"greek","root":"protos","root_meaning":"first; primary","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protein","meaning":"organic compound of amino acids","children":[{"era":"1830s","word":"protein","meaning":"primary substance; essential nutrient","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"protéine","meaning":"primary substance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protos","meaning":"first; primary","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proteins","proteinaceous","protease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"polypeptide","formality":"technical"},{"word":"amino acid chain","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"a9ea65e8-7d3b-4c24-bedd-af76437e1614","word":"protest","definition":"A statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"protesta","language_family":"latin","root":"protestari","root_meaning":"declare publicly, testify","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protest","meaning":"A statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"protester","meaning":"to protest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protestari","meaning":"to declare publicly, testify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"before, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"testari","meaning":"to bear witness, testify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testis","meaning":"witness","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["testify","testament","attest","detest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"objection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complaint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demonstration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"66140d95-a473-49c4-9588-67d2c36fed1f","word":"protestant","definition":"A follower of one of the Christian traditions that broke from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"protestante","language_family":"latin","root":"protestari","root_meaning":"to declare publicly, testify","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protestant","meaning":"a Protestant Christian","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"protestant","meaning":"protesting; declaring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protestantem","meaning":"one who protests or testifies","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protestari","meaning":"to declare publicly; protest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["protest","protestation","protester","protestantism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dissenter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nonconformist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reformist","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"fa30b2ef-86ae-4715-ab1e-64ea93028711","word":"protocol","definition":"A set of rules or procedures to be followed, especially in diplomatic or official contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"protocolo","language_family":"greek","root":"protokollon","root_meaning":"first sheet glued to a manuscript","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"protocol","meaning":"set of rules or procedures","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"protocole","meaning":"official record","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"protokollon","meaning":"first sheet glued to manuscript","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["protocols","protocolary","protocolize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procedure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convention","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regulations","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"2d01d2f2-4064-4979-afcd-dac61a092710","word":"prototype","definition":"A first or preliminary version of a device from which other forms are developed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"prototipo","language_family":"greek","root":"prōtotypon","root_meaning":"first impression, original form","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"prōtótypon (πρωτότυπον)","meaning":"A first or original form. From prōtos (first) + typos (impression, mold).","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"prototype","meaning":"An original model.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"prototipo","meaning":"Prototype.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["prototypical","archetype","stereotype"],"synonyms":[{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"template","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"original","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"15623588-bace-40a8-a5a4-77bebd2193f5","word":"proud","definition":"Feeling deep pleasure or satisfaction from one's own achievements or those of someone with whom one is closely associated.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"prud / prod","root_meaning":"brave, valiant, arrogant","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1000s","proto_root":"*prode","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proud","meaning":"feeling satisfaction or self-respect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"prūd / prūt","meaning":"proud, arrogant","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"prud / prod","meaning":"brave, valiant","children":[{"era":"500s–800s","word":"prode","meaning":"useful, capable","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pride","proudly","proudness","prude","prowess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gratified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pleased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haughty","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"40c93ca2-b8f7-4abe-b079-f4fa5a697f77","word":"prove","definition":"To demonstrate the truth or existence of something by evidence or argument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"probar","language_family":"latin","root":"probare","root_meaning":"to test, to try, to approve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"prove","meaning":"demonstrate truth","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"prover","meaning":"to test, examine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"probare","meaning":"to test, approve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proof","probation","probable","approve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demonstrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verify","formality":"formal"},{"word":"establish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"7b743a7f-78e4-44bb-8428-0dbee867ce34","word":"provide","definition":"To supply or furnish someone with something needed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"proveer","language_family":"latin","root":"providere","root_meaning":"to foresee, supply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"provide","meaning":"to supply","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"provide","meaning":"to prepare, supply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providere","meaning":"to foresee, arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"before, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provider","provided","provision","provident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"give","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"834d80e0-ebd8-4787-9785-16f9bcdd9e34","word":"provided","definition":"Supplied or made available; on condition that.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"provisto","language_family":"latin","root":"providere","root_meaning":"to foresee, arrange","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"provided","meaning":"supplied, given","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"provide","meaning":"to supply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providere","meaning":"to foresee, supply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro + videre","meaning":"before + see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provide","provider","provision","provident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supplied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"given","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"if","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"b0dd4319-2878-4e07-8b9b-18e5b2c78236","word":"providence","definition":"The protective care of God or of nature as a spiritual power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"providencia","language_family":"latin","root":"providentia","root_meaning":"foresight, precaution, provision","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre- (*before) + *vid- (*to see)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"providence","meaning":"protective care, foresight","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"providentia","meaning":"divine foresight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providentia","meaning":"foresight, precaution, provision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providens","meaning":"foreseeing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"before, forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provide","provident","provision","supervise","visible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foresight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"cd26e0cf-23dc-43fb-8e9b-2568675897d5","word":"provider","definition":"A person or organization that supplies or makes available something needed or wanted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proveedor","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin providere","root_meaning":"to foresee, prepare, supply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"provider","meaning":"one who provides","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"provide","meaning":"to supply, prepare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providere","meaning":"to foresee, prepare, supply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro + videre","meaning":"before + to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provide","provision","provident","providential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supplier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vendor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"purveyor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distributor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"34857c14-a5ed-457e-9c67-7040657fa60a","word":"providers","definition":"People or organizations that supply or furnish something needed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proveedores","language_family":"latin","root":"providere","root_meaning":"to foresee, make provision for, provide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"providers","meaning":"people or organizations that supply something needed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"provider","meaning":"one who provides, a supplier","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providere","meaning":"to foresee, make provision for, provide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro + videre","meaning":"before + to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provide","provider","provision","providence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suppliers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vendors","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purveyors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sources","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.983Z"}
{"id":"5bcb9bcf-717a-4a8b-908c-2d485c3db1e9","word":"provides","definition":"Supplies or makes available something needed or wanted.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"provee","language_family":"latin","root":"providere","root_meaning":"to foresee or prepare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro-*widere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"provides","meaning":"supplies or makes available","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"provide","meaning":"to prepare or supply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providere","meaning":"to foresee or prepare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro","meaning":"before, forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provide","provider","provision","providence","provident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supplies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnishes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delivers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"88c63b9e-fecc-4882-bd24-bdd3c9a947fc","word":"providing","definition":"Supplying or furnishing something that is needed or requested.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"proveyendo","language_family":"latin","root":"providere","root_meaning":"to look ahead, to foresee","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"providing","meaning":"supplying or furnishing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"provide","meaning":"to supply, to make available","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providere","meaning":"to look ahead, foresee","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provide","provider","provision","provided"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supplying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnishing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"offering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"f9b0aaf6-5667-4b8e-92f5-6ca1f4e12c70","word":"province","definition":"A principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"provincia","language_family":"latin","root":"provincia","root_meaning":"territory, sphere of office","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"province","meaning":"administrative division","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"province","meaning":"province, country","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"provincia","meaning":"a territory abroad under Roman administration, sphere of office","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provincial","proven","prove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"region","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"territory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"department","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"d24da541-ab10-4be7-9057-d6234843bcb2","word":"provision","definition":"A supply of food and drink, or a condition or clause in a legal document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"provisión","language_family":"latin","root":"providere","root_meaning":"to foresee, provide for","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"provision","meaning":"supply or condition","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"provision","meaning":"a supplying, provisions of food","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"provisio","meaning":"a providing, foresight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"providere","meaning":"to foresee, provide, arrange","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro- + videre","meaning":"before + to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provide","provider","provision","provisional","proviso"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provisions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stipulation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clause","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"b0702e2c-b696-4f7d-bddb-1b023ddcb65f","word":"provisions","definition":"Supplies of food and other essentials, or clauses or conditions in an agreement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"provisiones","language_family":"latin","root":"provisus","root_meaning":"foreseen, prepared","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"provisions","meaning":"supplies or agreement conditions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"provision","meaning":"foresight, supplies","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"provisus","meaning":"foreseen, prepared","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["provision","provisioned","provisional","provide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supplies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stipulations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clauses","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"c84d53c6-3cea-47b7-87c5-d8b19e2f2fb6","word":"provoke","definition":"To stimulate or incite (someone) to do or feel something, especially by arousing anger.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"provocar","language_family":"latin","root":"provocare","root_meaning":"to call forth, challenge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"provoke","meaning":"to incite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"provocare","meaning":"to call forth, challenge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vocare","meaning":"to call","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wekw-","meaning":"to speak, utter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vocal","revoke","evoke","invocation","convoke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instigate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"annoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enrage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"bd891e6a-b506-4485-bf56-11006e79efc9","word":"proximity","definition":"Proximity is the state of being near in space, time, or relation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proximidad","language_family":"latin","root":"proximus","root_meaning":"nearest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proximity","meaning":"the state of being near in space, time, or relation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"proximité","meaning":"nearness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proximitas","meaning":"nearness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proximus","meaning":"nearest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["proximate","proximal","approximate","approximation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nearness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"closeness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adjacency","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"0ced6998-9175-4bae-9790-290c7a84f4ff","word":"proxy","definition":"The authority to represent someone else, especially in voting or legal matters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"procuracy","root_meaning":"management, agency","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"proxy","meaning":"The authority to represent someone else.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"procuracy","meaning":"management, agency","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"procuratia","meaning":"administration, management","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"procurare","meaning":"to take care of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro","meaning":"for","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"curare","meaning":"to care","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["procure","procurator","secure","curate","proctor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substitute","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"110266d8-0c06-4892-9911-b677bdd4ee02","word":"pry","definition":"To look into or inquire about something too closely or nosily.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"prien","root_meaning":"to peer in; look closely","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"c. 1300","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pry","meaning":"to look into or inquire about something too closely","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"prien / pryen","meaning":"to peer in, look closely, or spy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*prīwan / *prēowian","meaning":"to look narrowly, squint at","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["prying","pried","prier","pryingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"probe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snoop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"meddle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"47a30a7d-3abe-4243-aa9d-d502317aec45","word":"psi","definition":"The 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet (Ψ, ψ). Often used in physics and parapsychology.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psi","language_family":"greek","root":"ψῖ (psi)","root_meaning":"name of the letter","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psi","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ψῖ (psi)","meaning":"name of the letter","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["omega","alpha","chi","Greek","symbol"],"synonyms":[{"word":"letter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"symbol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"2bd1ecc2-5a7d-4acc-93aa-93379f805217","word":"psst","definition":"An exclamation used to attract someone's attention quietly.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"psst","root_meaning":"onomatopoeic","root_language":"English","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psst","meaning":"An exclamation to attract attention","children":[{"era":"early 20th century","word":"psst","meaning":"Onomatopoeic imitation of a quiet hiss","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shh","hiss","pss"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hey","formality":"informal"},{"word":"listen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ahem","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"b580ede8-8f9d-4f13-b79c-be68d9280c16","word":"pst","definition":"An interjection used to attract someone's attention quietly or discreetly.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pst","meaning":"interjection used to attract quiet attention","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psst","psych"],"synonyms":[{"word":"psst","formality":"informal"},{"word":"shh","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"47ddfad4-a0f0-4800-8386-f6e2e3eb19b6","word":"psych","definition":"To intimidate or prepare someone mentally for something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"psyche","root_meaning":"soul, mind, spirit","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psych","meaning":"to intimidate or prepare mentally","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"psychology","meaning":"study of the mind","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"psychologia","meaning":"study of the soul","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psyche","meaning":"soul, mind, spirit","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychology","psychic","psycho","psychiatry","psychedelic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intimidate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prepare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rattle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"b25aeec7-f956-4fd0-b089-391bf0f7f042","word":"psyche","definition":"Psyche means the human soul, mind, or inner self.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psique","language_family":"greek","root":"psychē","root_meaning":"soul, breath, life, mind","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psyche","meaning":"the human soul, mind, or inner self","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psyche","meaning":"soul, breath, life, mind","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychic","psychology","psychiatry","psychosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"42bf5e5b-3d5e-486e-b12f-8b991a580b73","word":"psychiatric","definition":"Relating to the medical study and treatment of mental illness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"psiquiátrico","language_family":"greek","root":"psychē + iatrikos","root_meaning":"soul, mind + medical, healing","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE (psychē), classical (iatrikos)","proto_root":"*bhes- (PIE), *ieh₂- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psychiatric","meaning":"relating to mental illness treatment","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"psychiatry","meaning":"study of mental illness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psycho-","meaning":"mind, soul","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ψυχή (psychē)","meaning":"soul, spirit, mind","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*bhes-","meaning":"to breathe, spirit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"-iatry","meaning":"healing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἰατρός (iatros)","meaning":"healer, physician","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἰατρικός (iatrikos)","meaning":"healing","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*ieh₂-","meaning":"to heal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek (suffix)"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychology","psychosis","pediatric","geriatric","podiatry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mental-health","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psychological","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"therapeutic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"fd9d4297-d8a0-4560-901f-6ccc86490f93","word":"psychiatrist","definition":"A medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psiquiatra","language_family":"greek","root":"psychē + iatros","root_meaning":"soul, mind + healer, physician","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhsū- + *ieh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psychiatrist","meaning":"mental health doctor","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"psychiatrie","meaning":"treatment of mental illness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psychē","meaning":"soul, mind","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"iatros","meaning":"healer, physician","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychology","psychiatry","pediatrician","geriatric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"therapist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shrink","formality":"informal"},{"word":"alienist","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"5e3d6656-a31f-4b8c-affc-1040090ac910","word":"psychiatry","definition":"The branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psiquiatría","language_family":"greek","root":"psykhē + iatreia","root_meaning":"healing of the soul","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"psykhḗ (ψυχή) + iatreía (ἰατρεία)","meaning":"Soul/mind + healing. Coined in 1808 from Greek elements.","children":[{"era":"1846","word":"psychiatry","meaning":"Medical treatment of mental disorders.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"psiquiatría","meaning":"Psychiatry.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["psychiatrist","psychiatric","psychology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mental health medicine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psychotherapy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"a1de33b4-d0a0-4bb0-b910-9f710d34d6e1","word":"psychic","definition":"Relating to or denoting faculties or phenomena that are apparently inexplicable by natural laws, especially involving telepathy or clairvoyance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"psíquico","language_family":"greek","root":"psȳchē","root_meaning":"soul, mind, spirit","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psychic","meaning":"relating to psychic phenomena","children":[{"era":"null","word":"psychikos","meaning":"of the soul or mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psȳchē","meaning":"soul, mind, spirit","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychology","psyche","psychiatry","psychosis","psychopath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clairvoyant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"telepathic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supernatural","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"1b9038f7-b6cc-4a0d-a8cd-9391357872e3","word":"psycho","definition":"A person suffering from a severe mental illness; a psychopath.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psico","language_family":"greek","root":"psykhe","root_meaning":"breath, spirit, soul, mind","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psycho","meaning":"psychopath","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"psychopath","meaning":"person with mental disorder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psycho-","meaning":"mind, soul","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psykhe","meaning":"breath, spirit, soul, mind","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*bhes-","meaning":"to breathe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychology","psychic","psychosis","psychotic","psychiatry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"psychopath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"madman","formality":"informal"},{"word":"maniac","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lunatic","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"0790baba-29c6-4292-ba8c-46d389c3d92c","word":"psychologist","definition":"A specialist in psychology.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psicólogo","language_family":"greek","root":"psychē, logos","root_meaning":"soul, mind; study, discourse","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhsūkh- (for psychē), *leg- (for logos)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psychologist","meaning":"specialist in psychology","children":[{"era":"17th C.","word":"psychology","meaning":"study of the mind","children":[{"era":"16th C.","word":"psychologia","meaning":"study of the soul","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psychē","meaning":"soul, mind","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"logia","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychology","psychic","logic","neurologist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"therapist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analyst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counselor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"b8dd54df-7ddb-4edd-b88e-96a8d0747188","word":"psychology","definition":"The scientific study of the human mind and its functions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psicología","language_family":"greek","root":"psykhē + logos","root_meaning":"study of the soul","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"psykhḗ (ψυχή) + -logía (-λογία)","meaning":"Study of the soul/mind. From psykhē (breath, soul, mind) + logos (study).","children":[{"era":"1650s","word":"psychology","meaning":"The science of the mind.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"psicología","meaning":"Psychology.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["psychologist","psychological","psyche"],"synonyms":[{"word":"behavioral science","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mental science","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"6d4cd6f4-a71a-49ac-83b6-1ab2b2cab483","word":"psychopath","definition":"A person suffering from chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent social behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"psicópata","language_family":"greek","root":"psychē, pathos","root_meaning":"soul, mind; suffering, disease","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhsūkh-, *kwenth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"psychopath","meaning":"A person suffering from chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent social behavior.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psycho-","meaning":"mind, soul","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psychē","meaning":"breath, soul, mind","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-path","meaning":"suffering, disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pathos","meaning":"suffering, emotion","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychology","pathology","sociopath","psychic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lunatic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sociopath","formality":"technical"},{"word":"madman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"63e5ea22-0a85-44ff-8686-00ca2a4bda8a","word":"psychotic","definition":"Relating to, characterized by, or causing psychosis.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"psicótico","language_family":"greek","root":"psychē","root_meaning":"soul, mind","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰsū-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1891","word":"psychotic","meaning":"related to psychosis","children":[{"era":"1845","word":"psychosis","meaning":"mental derangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"psychē","meaning":"soul, mind","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-osis","meaning":"abnormal condition","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psyche","psychology","psychopathy","analysis","neurosis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deranged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insane","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mad","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"b5c5d41a-9381-468d-8854-7ef116f230aa","word":"puberty","definition":"The stage of development when the body becomes sexually mature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pubertad","language_family":"latin","root":"pubertas","root_meaning":"maturity; manhood","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puberty","meaning":"the stage of sexual maturation","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"puberté","meaning":"puberty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pubertas","meaning":"maturity; adult age","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pubertal","pubescent","pubescence","prepuberty","postpuberty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adolescence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pubescence","formality":"technical"},{"word":"maturity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"afd8b9ce-f447-4436-957d-0d6bfdc498df","word":"public","definition":"Relating to or belonging to people in general or the community as a whole.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"público","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin publicus","root_meaning":"of the people, common","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"populus (people) + -icus","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"public","meaning":"of or for the people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicus","meaning":"of the people, common","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"populus","meaning":"people, nation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["publicly","publicize","publish","republic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"open","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"3d9ff43f-0b86-4e92-983f-cc80f5246f3a","word":"publication","definition":"The action of making something publicly known or printed and distributed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"publicación","language_family":"latin","root":"publicus","root_meaning":"public, of the people","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"publication","meaning":"printed material or act of publishing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"publish","meaning":"to make public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicus","meaning":"public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["publish","public","publicity","publisher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issuance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"printing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"25a14fab-ef31-470f-bc1b-ba8c0f428476","word":"publications","definition":"Books, journals, or other printed or digital works made publicly available.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"publicaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"publicare","root_meaning":"to make public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"publications","meaning":"published works","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"publication","meaning":"act of making public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicare","meaning":"to make public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["publish","published","publisher","publishing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"books","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"works","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"editions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"releases","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"2577ccc3-2b77-41ef-8e90-e92ba2277cc2","word":"publicity","definition":"The act or state of being made known to the public.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"publicidad","language_family":"latin","root":"publicus","root_meaning":"of the people, public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"publicity","meaning":"state of being public","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"publicité","meaning":"public nature, advertising","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"public","meaning":"public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicus","meaning":"of the people, public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["public","publish","publication","republic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"promotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advertisement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exposure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"d4556ac2-b7fd-468e-8f13-d7c5786fc118","word":"publish","definition":"To prepare and issue (a book, journal, piece of music, etc.) for public sale, distribution, or readership.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"publicar","language_family":"french","root":"publier","root_meaning":"make public","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"publish","meaning":"to make public","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"publier","meaning":"make public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicare","meaning":"to make public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicus","meaning":"public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"populus","meaning":"people","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*pleh₁-","meaning":"to fill","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["public","publication","publicly","populace","republic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"print","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circulate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"43fcfbf1-d754-43c8-9474-6b08891f5fb0","word":"published","definition":"made publicly known or issued in print or digital form for distribution.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"publicado","language_family":"latin","root":"publicus","root_meaning":"of the people, public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"published","meaning":"made public, issued","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"published","meaning":"made public","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"publier","meaning":"to make public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicus","meaning":"of the people, public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["publish","publisher","publication","public"],"synonyms":[{"word":"released","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issued","formality":"formal"},{"word":"printed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"714230ab-2000-4576-9683-b3b6ed069739","word":"publisher","definition":"A person or company that prints or produces books, magazines, or other media for distribution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"publicador","language_family":"latin","root":"publicare","root_meaning":"to make public","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"publisher","meaning":"one who publishes works","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"publisher","meaning":"one who publishes","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"publish","meaning":"to make known publicly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicare","meaning":"to make public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["publish","published","publishing","publication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"printing house","formality":"formal"},{"word":"press","formality":"formal"},{"word":"editor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distributor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"652dc7be-2176-430d-a296-091eab7ea348","word":"publishing","definition":"The process of producing and distributing books, journals, or other written works to the public.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"publicación","language_family":"latin","root":"publicus","root_meaning":"public, of the people","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"publishing","meaning":"the act of making work public","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"publish","meaning":"to make public","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"publier","meaning":"to make public","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"publicus","meaning":"public, of the people","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["publish","public","publicity","publisher","published"],"synonyms":[{"word":"issuance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distribution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissemination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"e00efe5d-6b7b-42f7-b7a4-982dc2ca7e01","word":"pubmed","definition":"A free search engine accessing the MEDLINE database of life science literature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1996","word":"pubmed","meaning":"public MEDLINE database","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"public","meaning":"of or for the people","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1960s","word":"MEDLINE","meaning":"Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System","children":[],"language":"English acronym"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["MEDLINE","PubChem","PubMed Central"],"synonyms":[{"word":"biomedical database","formality":"technical"},{"word":"literature search engine","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"45b4183d-7bb8-474b-95a5-6082ade8a59c","word":"puck","definition":"A mischievous fairy, goblin, or sprite in English folklore.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English puca / pucel","root_meaning":"goblin; evil spirit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puck","meaning":"a mischievous fairy, goblin, or sprite in English folklore","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pouke","meaning":"devil; evil spirit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"puca / pucel","meaning":"goblin","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Puck","puckish","puckster","pug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goblin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprite","formality":"literary"},{"word":"imp","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"1928b7c7-0832-43d2-bd91-cf5560aace5a","word":"pudding","definition":"A sweet or savory dish, typically soft, made with various ingredients and often steamed or baked.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pudding","meaning":"A type of sweet or savory dish.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"pudding","meaning":"intestine, sausage","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pudgy","dessert","sausage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dessert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"f048a467-a223-4a07-a4f1-6f255669e7a6","word":"puddle","definition":"A puddle is a small pool of standing water, and as a verb it means to dabble or make muddy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English pudd","root_meaning":"ditch; small pool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puddle","meaning":"small pool of standing water","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Middle English puddle/puddel","meaning":"a small pool or muddy hollow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English pudd","meaning":"ditch; pool","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"medieval","word":"Low German pudeln","meaning":"to splash in water","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["puddled","puddling","puddler","poodle","puddles"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waterhole","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"a2deaac5-7600-47d3-b404-e2168672250d","word":"puke","definition":"To vomit or eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"puken","root_meaning":"to vomit","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puke","meaning":"To vomit","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"puken","meaning":"to vomit","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spew","barf","throw up"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vomit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regurgitate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"barf","formality":"informal"},{"word":"spew","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"3b663e6b-1f47-4382-aa35-73e8d2d4948c","word":"pull","definition":"To exert force on something so as to cause movement toward oneself.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"jalar","language_family":"germanic","root":"pullian","root_meaning":"to pull, to pluck","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"pull","meaning":"To exert a drawing force.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"pullian","meaning":"To pull, to pluck.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["pullover","pulley","push-pull"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tug","formality":"informal"},{"word":"drag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haul","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"554f8dd2-0d3a-4be7-8c66-a01c53f16f5f","word":"pulp","definition":"A soft, moist, shapeless mass; especially the soft flesh of fruit or the fibrous material used in papermaking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pulpa","language_family":"latin","root":"pulpa","root_meaning":"flesh; soft mass","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pulp","meaning":"soft mass or fibrous material","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pulpe","meaning":"pulp; flesh","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pulpa","meaning":"flesh; soft mass","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pulpy","pulpous","pulping","pulpwood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paste","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flesh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"7aab0193-010a-41a4-8f88-3dd023cafa12","word":"pulse","definition":"A rhythmic throbbing of arteries as blood is propelled through them.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pulso","language_family":"latin","root":"pulsus","root_meaning":"a beat, a striking","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pelh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pulse","meaning":"A rhythmic throbbing of arteries as blood is propelled through them.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pulsus","meaning":"a beat, a striking","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*pelh₂-","meaning":"to strike, thrust, drive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impulse","repulse","pulsate","compulsory","expel","propel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rhythm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"9c4c5cee-a4ed-4584-bc68-6da80ae27b26","word":"pump","definition":"A mechanical device using suction or pressure to raise or move liquids, compress gases, or force air into inflatable objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bomba","language_family":"germanic","root":"pumpe","root_meaning":"a pump","root_language":"Middle Dutch/Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pump","meaning":"A mechanical device using suction or pressure to raise or move liquids.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pumpe","meaning":"a pump (onomatopoeic)","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pumping","pumper","pumps","pumped"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extractor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"compressor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dispenser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"injector","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"ead700e7-475b-4987-be62-fd194c2f9f54","word":"pumpkin","definition":"A large round orange-yellow fruit with a thick rind and many seeds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"pepon","root_meaning":"ripe","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pumpkin","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"pompion","meaning":"pompion","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"pompon","meaning":"gourd","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pepon","meaning":"melon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pepōn","meaning":"ripe","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["melon","cucumber","ripen","pepo","gourd"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gourd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jack-o'-lantern","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"d3589be1-3f0f-47a8-999c-2dd5c3cf4eca","word":"punch","definition":"To strike forcefully with the fist.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"punch","meaning":"to hit with a fist","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"punch","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["poke","pounce","puncture","clinch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wallop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"slug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"f85ce6f5-599c-4e3f-b282-dc3ea722b546","word":"punctual","definition":"Punctual means arriving or occurring exactly at the expected time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"puntual","language_family":"latin","root":"punctum","root_meaning":"point; prick","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"punctual","meaning":"exactly on time","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"ponctuel","meaning":"exact; precise; of a point","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"punctum","meaning":"point, prick","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pungere","meaning":"to prick, pierce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["punctuality","punctually","punctuation","puncture","punctilious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"timely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exact","formality":"formal"},{"word":"precise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"9a29c258-167b-4be7-82f6-4d81f6a7aa38","word":"puncture","definition":"to pierce something with a small hole or tear.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"punzar","language_family":"latin","root":"punctūra","root_meaning":"a pricking; puncture","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puncture","meaning":"to pierce something with a small hole or tear","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"puncture","meaning":"a piercing or hole made by piercing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"punctūra","meaning":"a pricking; puncture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"punctus","meaning":"pricked; pierced","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pungere","meaning":"to prick; stab; pierce","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*peuk-","meaning":"to prick; stab","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["punctured","puncturing","punctual","punctuate","punctilious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perforate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"prick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"2e033353-8238-4243-b2a0-e966d6705834","word":"pundit","definition":"An expert in a particular subject who speaks publicly about it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"experto","language_family":"other","root":"paṇḍit","root_meaning":"learned man","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"pundit","meaning":"Expert commentator.","children":[{"era":"~500 AD","word":"paṇḍit","meaning":"Scholar, Brahmin.","children":[{"era":"~500 BC","word":"paṇḍita","meaning":"Learned, scholarly.","language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Hindi"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["punditry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authority","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commentator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"cc1b074e-f184-44a2-9f02-56d4b149b871","word":"punish","definition":"To inflict a penalty or sanction on someone as retribution for an offense.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"punir","language_family":"french","root":"puniss-","root_meaning":"to punish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s-1300s","proto_root":"*kʷoinā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"punish","meaning":"inflict penalty","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"puniss-","meaning":"to punish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poenire","meaning":"to punish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"penalty, pain","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*kʷoinā","meaning":"payment, penalty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["penalty","pain","punitive","impunity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chastise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discipline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"penalize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correct","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"42c663e1-b5dd-432b-8a5c-5cdae4689b69","word":"punishment","definition":"The infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"punición","language_family":"latin","root":"poena","root_meaning":"penalty, fine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*peynā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"punishment","meaning":"infliction of a penalty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"punissement","meaning":"penalty","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"punir","meaning":"to punish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"punire","meaning":"to punish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"penalty, fine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["punish","pain","penal","subpoena","repent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"penalty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chastisement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"afbbc9ac-e618-423a-8dce-591daee462ad","word":"punk","definition":"A subculture of music, fashion, and attitude characterized by rebellion and anti-establishment views, or a person associated with this subculture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"punk","root_meaning":"prostitute, rotten wood, young hoodlum","root_language":"English (slang)","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"punk","meaning":"A subculture of music, fashion, and attitude...","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"punk","meaning":"music/subculture","children":[{"era":"early 20th century","word":"punk","meaning":"hoodlum, rotten wood","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"punk","meaning":"prostitute, tinder (rotten wood)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["punky","punk rock","punkette","punker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rebel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoodlum","formality":"informal"},{"word":"delinquent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"4e3013be-816e-4053-9f27-bf4073ad63a8","word":"pup","definition":"A young dog or other canid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pup","meaning":"a young dog","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"puppy","meaning":"a young dog; pet dog","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"puppie","meaning":"a woman's pet dog","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"poupée","meaning":"doll; puppet","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["puppy","pups","puppies","whelp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puppy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"whelp","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"young dog","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"35e27c05-e51c-4dda-a122-243d73de1f92","word":"pupil","definition":"A person, typically a child or young person, who is being taught, or the dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pupila","language_family":"latin","root":"pupilla","root_meaning":"little girl, doll, pupil of the eye","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pupil","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pupille","meaning":"pupil of the eye, orphan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pupilla","meaning":"little girl, doll, pupil of the eye","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pupillus","meaning":"orphan, ward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pupa","puppet","pupilage","pupil (eye)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"student","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"learner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"iris opening","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"2dec6737-45ad-4ce6-ba26-914da6649502","word":"puppet","definition":"A movable model of a person or animal, typically moved by strings or by a hand inside it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"pupa","root_meaning":"doll, girl","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puppet","meaning":"A movable model of a person or animal","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"pouppette","meaning":"small doll","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"poupée","meaning":"doll","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pupa","meaning":"girl, doll","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pupa","pupil","pup","dolly","marionette","poppet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marionette","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"0803d71d-045c-45c8-a84f-43935d3e6959","word":"puppy","definition":"A young dog, typically under one year of age.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"poupee","root_meaning":"doll, plaything","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puppy","meaning":"A young dog","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"popi","meaning":"puppy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poupee","meaning":"doll, plaything","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pup","dog","whelp","kitten","canine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whelp","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"doggy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"f92180e2-0d53-4bf5-a605-ee711c1eca9a","word":"purchase","definition":"To buy something in exchange for money.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"percance","language_family":"french","root":"purcerche","root_meaning":"to seek out, to chase","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"purchase","meaning":"to buy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"purchacen","meaning":"to seek out, pursue","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"por + chacier","meaning":"to chase thoroughly","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["purchased","purchaser","purchasing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"obtain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"7908bbf2-6352-40e1-9936-9273bac67948","word":"pure","definition":"Not mixed or adulterated with any other substance or matter; free from contaminants.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"puro","language_family":"latin","root":"purus","root_meaning":"clean, clear, unmixed, chaste","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pewh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pure","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"pur","meaning":"pure, clean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"purus","meaning":"clean, clear, unmixed, chaste","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["purity","purify","impure","puritan","purely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unadulterated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chaste","formality":"literary"},{"word":"innocent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"43568b28-0c99-4f99-8927-19f6cd3a5a04","word":"purity","definition":"The state of being pure, clean, or untainted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pureza","language_family":"latin","root":"purus","root_meaning":"clean, untainted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"purity","meaning":"the state of being pure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"pureté","meaning":"purity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"puritas","meaning":"purity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"purus","meaning":"clean, unmixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pure","purely","purify","purest","puritan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cleanliness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innocence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chastity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"4de21b79-e06e-46d7-a262-8a8933c37c4b","word":"purple","definition":"Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"púrpura","language_family":"greek","root":"porphyra","root_meaning":"purple dye, purple fish","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"purple","meaning":"color between blue and red","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"purpul","meaning":"purple","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"purpura","meaning":"purple dye","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"porphyra","meaning":"purple fish, purple dye","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["porphyry","purpure","purpuric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"violet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magenta","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lavender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"e0561a9d-663e-4bfe-9a5a-26562167ef3c","word":"purpose","definition":"The reason for which something is done or created; an intended or desired result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"propósito","language_family":"french","root":"purposen","root_meaning":"to intend, to propose","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"purpose","meaning":"reason or intention for an action","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"purposen","meaning":"to intend, to propose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proposer","meaning":"to put forward, to propose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["purposeful","purposeless","purposely","repurpose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intention","formality":"formal"},{"word":"goal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"objective","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.412Z"}
{"id":"08cd9093-b904-407b-beb0-af4a226cc672","word":"purposely","definition":"In a deliberate and intentional manner; done on purpose rather than by accident.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"propósito","language_family":"french","root":"proponere","root_meaning":"to put forward, to propose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"purposely","meaning":"intentionally, deliberately","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"purposely","meaning":"in a purposeful manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"purpose","meaning":"intention, aim, resolve","children":[{"era":"1100s–1200s","word":"purpos / porpos","meaning":"intention, design","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"porposer","meaning":"to propose, put forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"proponere","meaning":"to put forward (pro- + ponere, to place)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French / Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["purpose","purposeful","purposeless","purposed","purposefulness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deliberately","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intentionally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"willfully","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consciously","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"192529fa-9463-4427-9f24-7f0d5d113fa9","word":"purposes","definition":"The intended function or reason for which something is created or done.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"propósito","language_family":"latin","root":"propositus","root_meaning":"put forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pro- + *pausis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"purposes","meaning":"intended functions or reasons","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"purpose","meaning":"intention, aim","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"purposer","meaning":"to intend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"propositus","meaning":"put forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["purpose","purposeful","purposeless","propose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aims","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intentions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"objectives","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"5e527df1-1b28-467e-b686-053c855356f0","word":"purse","definition":"A small bag or pouch, typically used for carrying money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"bursa","root_meaning":"leather pouch, hide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"purse","meaning":"A small bag for money.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"purse","meaning":"money bag","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"bourse","meaning":"leather pouch","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"bursa","meaning":"bag, moneybag","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bursa","meaning":"hide, leather","children":[],"language":"Classical Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bursar","disburse","reimburse","bursa"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handbag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pouch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wallet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"5f4adeed-7af8-47e2-9de8-195b2804eec7","word":"pursuant","definition":"In accordance with or agreement with.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"poursuivre","root_meaning":"to follow, pursue","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pursuant","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pursuant","meaning":"following, pursuing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"poursuivant","meaning":"following, pursuing","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pursue","pursuit","pursuance","suitor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"according to","formality":"formal"},{"word":"following","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conforming to","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"69c04823-c7a4-4228-b22f-211033f7d801","word":"pursue","definition":"To follow or chase (someone or something).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"perseguir","language_family":"latin","root":"prosequi","root_meaning":"to follow, proceed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pursue","meaning":"To follow or chase (someone or something).","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"poursuivre","meaning":"to follow, continue","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"prosequere","meaning":"to follow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prosequi","meaning":"to follow, proceed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pursuit","suitor","consequence","prosecute","sequent","sequence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"follow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seek","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"79b25ac9-840e-481a-ba61-2f3ada754864","word":"push","definition":"To exert force on something so as to cause movement away from oneself.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"empujar","language_family":"french","root":"pulsare","root_meaning":"to beat, to push","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"200s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"push","meaning":"To press forward; to shove.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"pousser","meaning":"To push.","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"pellere","meaning":"To push, to drive.","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["pushback","pushover","push-up"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shove","formality":"informal"},{"word":"thrust","formality":"formal"},{"word":"press","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"07fe3ebc-44ca-402a-844c-5c9ce34afa39","word":"pussy","definition":"A familiar name for a cat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"puss","root_meaning":"cat","root_language":"English (colloquial)","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pussy","meaning":"a cat","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"puss","meaning":"a cat","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["puss","pussycat","kitten","cat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feline","formality":"technical"},{"word":"kitty","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"1af1a1f2-d17c-4015-b76f-e3b870c5c48f","word":"pussycat","definition":"A cat, or an affectionate term for a mild or timid person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pussycat","meaning":"A cat or an affectionate term for a mild person.","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"pussy","meaning":"pet name for a cat; origin uncertain","children":[],"language":"English colloquial"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cat","meaning":"cat","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"cattus","meaning":"cat","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pussy","cat","kitty","kitten","tomcat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kitty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"kitten","formality":"informal"},{"word":"feline","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"27a40cca-db7e-4cc6-8c5c-9d0f6caf30e7","word":"put","definition":"To place or position something in a particular location.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"putian","root_meaning":"to push","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"put","meaning":"to place or position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"putten","meaning":"to put or push","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"pyttan","meaning":"to push or thrust","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"putian","meaning":"to push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["puts","putting","putter","input"],"synonyms":[{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"formal"},{"word":"set","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"ff85e64f-09f8-4582-90f2-b313ec224134","word":"puzzle","definition":"A game, toy, or problem designed to test ingenuity or knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"pose","root_meaning":"to place, to question, to perplex","root_language":"Middle English / Old French","root_era":"13th-16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"puzzle","meaning":"A game, toy, or problem designed to test ingenuity or knowledge","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"puzzle","meaning":"to bewilder, perplex","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"pose","meaning":"to place, question, perplex","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"poser","meaning":"to place, put","children":[{"era":"4th century","word":"pausare","meaning":"to cause to pause, to stop","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Late Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pose","posing","puzzling","puzzler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enigma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"riddle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conundrum","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"22f0fb63-45b5-45dd-8828-bd3f6888aa82","word":"pyjama","definition":"A loose two-piece sleeping garment consisting of trousers and a jacket.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pijama","language_family":"other","root":"pāy-jāma","root_meaning":"leg garment","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"pyjama","meaning":"loose sleeping garment","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"pyjamas","meaning":"loose trousers tied at waist, adopted from South Asian dress for sleeping","children":[{"era":"1700s–1800s","word":"pājāmā","meaning":"leg garment","children":[{"era":"pre-1700s","word":"pāy + jāma","meaning":"foot/leg + garment/clothing","children":[],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Hindi/Urdu"}],"language":"British English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pajama","pyjamas","pajamas","nightwear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nightwear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sleepwear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nightclothes","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"6df4e788-ed6b-4ae0-8ba9-f0fbc644f9aa","word":"pyramid","definition":"A monumental structure with a square base and triangular sides meeting at a point.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pirámide","language_family":"greek","root":"pyramis","root_meaning":"pyramid, wheat cake","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"pyramís (πυραμίς)","meaning":"A pyramid. Possibly from Egyptian, or from pyros (wheat), referring to shape of wheat cake.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"pyramid","meaning":"A triangular-sided monument.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"pirámide","meaning":"Pyramid.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["pyramidal","pyramidion","pyrotechnic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ziggurat","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"9f02d20c-55bb-4c81-a3db-c32978d17832","word":"python","definition":"A large constricting snake, or a high-level programming language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pitón","language_family":"greek","root":"Python","root_meaning":"mythical serpent at Delphi","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"python","meaning":"snake; programming language","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Python","meaning":"a huge serpent killed by Apollo","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Pythōn","meaning":"mythical serpent; ancient name for Delphi","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Pythian","Pythoness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serpent","formality":"literary"},{"word":"boa","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"0ed446a9-774d-44a4-a847-85bc54108980","word":"quack","definition":"Quack is a person who falsely claims medical skill, originally linked to a duck-like cry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"quacken","root_meaning":"to croak, make a harsh cry","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quack","meaning":"a fraudulent pretender to medical knowledge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quacken","meaning":"to croak or make a harsh cry","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quackery","quacksalver","quacker","quackish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charlatan","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fraud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impostor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"f8ffda74-a3b2-4053-ae0f-d20807400df6","word":"quad","definition":"A courtyard, especially in a school or college.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"quattuor","root_meaning":"four","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷetwóres","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quad","meaning":"courtyard","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"quadrangle","meaning":"four-cornered area","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quadr","meaning":"four","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"angulus","meaning":"angle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quadrangle","quadruple","quadrant","quarter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courtyard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precinct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plaza","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"dda750c1-a7a5-4c0f-ac90-ab6eba15c061","word":"quadrant","definition":"One of four equal parts of a plane, circle, or other area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuadrante","language_family":"latin","root":"quadrans","root_meaning":"a fourth part","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷetwóres","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quadrant","meaning":"one of four equal parts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quadrant / cadran","meaning":"a fourth part; a quarter-circle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quadrans","meaning":"a fourth part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quattuor","meaning":"four","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quadrature","quadrilateral","quadratic","quadrangle","quad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quarter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sector","formality":"technical"},{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"e422ebb0-33c2-4d5b-8227-6c7ff6ea2d69","word":"quaint","definition":"Having an old-fashioned, charming, or unusual quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"conocido","language_family":"latin","root":"cognitus","root_meaning":"known","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quaint","meaning":"having an old-fashioned, charming, or unusual quality","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English queynte/quoynte","meaning":"clever, cunning, pretty","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Anglo-Norman cointe / Old French cointe","meaning":"pretty, clever, knowing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cognitus","meaning":"known; recognized","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cognōscō","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman / Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quainter","quaintest","quaintly","quaintness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picturesque","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"old-fashioned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"81875138-5a8c-4b3f-b366-d8188d637607","word":"qualification","definition":"A quality or accomplishment that makes someone suitable for a particular job or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cualificación","language_family":"latin","root":"qualis","root_meaning":"of what sort, what kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"qualification","meaning":"A quality or accomplishment.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"qualification","meaning":"the action of modifying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"qualificare","meaning":"to qualify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"qualis","meaning":"of what sort, what kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["qualify","qualified","qualifier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"credential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"certification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aptitude","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"8808a7cc-6193-4717-843b-06ac62c19f12","word":"quality","definition":"The degree of excellence or the standard of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cualidad","language_family":"latin","root":"qualitas","root_meaning":"what kind, nature","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quality","meaning":"degree of excellence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"quality","meaning":"nature, property","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"qualite","meaning":"quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"qualitas","meaning":"what kind, nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"qualis","meaning":"what kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["qualify","qualified","qualitative","qualities"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caliber","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"4856a560-5200-4e37-8c06-707696c78e07","word":"quantitative","definition":"Relating to or measurable by quantity or amount.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cuantitativo","language_family":"latin","root":"quantitas","root_meaning":"how great, how much","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quantitative","meaning":"relating to quantity","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"quantitatif","meaning":"quantitative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quantitas","meaning":"how much, how great","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quantus","meaning":"how much","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quantity","quantify","quality","quantum","quotient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numerical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"measurable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statistical","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"578b12f1-d793-41dc-8684-5314b6414d0d","word":"quantity","definition":"The amount or number of something, measured or unmeasured.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cantidad","language_family":"latin","root":"quantus","root_meaning":"how much; how great","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwanto-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quantity","meaning":"measured or countable amount","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"quantity","meaning":"amount; measure","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"quantité","meaning":"amount; extent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quantitas","meaning":"greatness; extent; amount","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quantify","quantitative","quantum","quanta"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"number","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"volume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"370cf4cd-daca-4fa6-9fe4-d354e69d8a1b","word":"quantum","definition":"A discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuanto","language_family":"latin","root":"quantum","root_meaning":"how much, how great","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quantum","meaning":"a discrete quantity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quantum","meaning":"how much","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kʷo-","meaning":"stem for interrogative/relative pronouns","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quantity","quantify","quantization","quotient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discrete unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"e2a51443-cb5f-4748-ae85-b35a892e9ec0","word":"quarantine","definition":"A state of isolation to prevent the spread of contagious disease.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuarentena","language_family":"latin","root":"quarantina","root_meaning":"forty days","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"quadraginta","meaning":"Forty.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"quarantina","meaning":"Forty-day isolation for plague ships.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"quarantine","meaning":"Period of enforced isolation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"cuarentena","meaning":"Forty, quarantine period.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Venetian Italian"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["quarantine","quarter","quartet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"isolation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lockdown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sequestration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"18e56326-3981-4f94-870f-d7a34298c452","word":"quarrel","definition":"An angry dispute or disagreement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"querella","language_family":"latin","root":"querella","root_meaning":"complaint, dispute","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quarrel","meaning":"An angry dispute or disagreement.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quarelle","meaning":"ground for complaint, dispute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"querella","meaning":"complaint, dispute","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["querulous","query","quest","questioning","quarrelsome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"argument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"altercation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"621dd1f5-c112-4ea0-b546-1797ea16af14","word":"quarter","definition":"One fourth of something; a three-month period; or to provide lodging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuarto","language_family":"latin","root":"quartus","root_meaning":"fourth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quarter","meaning":"one fourth or three-month period","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quarter","meaning":"one of four parts","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"quartier","meaning":"quarter, region","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quartus","meaning":"fourth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quarterly","quarter-final","quartered","quartering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fourth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"district","formality":"formal"},{"word":"three-month period","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"e08fac02-0f4d-4502-9b35-c0a546a79f3d","word":"quarterly","definition":"Occurring or payable once every three months.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cuatrimestral","language_family":"latin","root":"quartus","root_meaning":"fourth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwetwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quarterly","meaning":"occurring every three months","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"quarterly","meaning":"of a quarter","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"quarter","meaning":"a fourth part","children":[{"era":"6th century","word":"quartarius","meaning":"fourth part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quartus","meaning":"fourth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quarter","quart","quartet","quaternary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trimonthly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"periodical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"c634f4af-5bc1-481b-b9d8-792742c5820d","word":"queen","definition":"A female monarch or the wife of a king, or a dominant female in a colony of social insects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reina","language_family":"germanic","root":"cwene","root_meaning":"woman or wife","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"900s","proto_root":"*gwen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"queen","meaning":"a female monarch","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"queen","meaning":"woman, wife, queen","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"cwene","meaning":"woman, wife","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*gwen-","meaning":"woman or female","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["queenly","queenship","queendom","queen bee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monarch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"2f661f0f-5f8c-4881-bf97-e4a58f122730","word":"queer","definition":"Strange or odd; also used as an umbrella term for sexual and gender minorities.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kvérr","root_meaning":"transverse, oblique, strange","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"queer","meaning":"strange, unconventional","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"quer","meaning":"strange, odd","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"kvérr","meaning":"oblique, strange","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["odd","quirk","weird","awry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peculiar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"odd","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"b78be7c2-07de-436f-b0a2-17bb09aa2c91","word":"query","definition":"A question or inquiry, especially one directed at a database or search system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"querella","language_family":"latin","root":"quaerere","root_meaning":"to seek, to ask","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwerē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"query","meaning":"question or inquiry","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"quaere","meaning":"query mark or question","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek, to ask","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["querying","queried","querulous","quest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"question","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquiry","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interrogation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"d343fdc5-839e-4328-afef-02a8454c7d56","word":"quest","definition":"A long or arduous search for something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"quaerere","root_meaning":"to seek, ask","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quest","meaning":"a search for something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"queste","meaning":"search, inquiry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaesita","meaning":"things sought","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek, ask","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["query","question","inquire","request"],"synonyms":[{"word":"search","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expedition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"journey","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"e1633fb7-ae97-4dfe-b948-050d1585ffee","word":"question","definition":"A sentence, phrase, or gesture seeking information or clarification about something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuestión","language_family":"latin","root":"quaestio","root_meaning":"seeking, inquiry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kweṣ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"question","meaning":"an inquiry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"question","meaning":"inquiry or inquiry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaestio","meaning":"seeking or inquiry","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*kweṣ-","meaning":"to seek or ask","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quest","query","question","questioning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquiry","formality":"formal"},{"word":"query","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interrogation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T15:04:08.797Z"}
{"id":"c0cf40cd-0d8d-4ff4-9078-c6c47a59f3b4","word":"questionable","definition":"Likely to be doubted, disputed, or not fully reliable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"cuestionable","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin quaerere","root_meaning":"to seek, ask","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"questionable","meaning":"likely to be doubted or disputed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"question","meaning":"an inquiry or matter under discussion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin quaestio","meaning":"a seeking, inquiry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin quaerere","meaning":"to seek, ask","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of, fit for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin -abilis","meaning":"capable of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["question","questioning","questioner","questionably","questionable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubtful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dubious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"uncertain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"fbbe54ec-978d-4f8e-9108-8c1ac372c611","word":"questionnaire","definition":"A set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuestionario","language_family":"french","root":"questionnaire","root_meaning":"collection of questions","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"questionnaire","meaning":"Set of questions for a survey","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"questionnaire","meaning":"collection of questions (from question + -aire suffix)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaestiō","meaning":"question","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["question","interrogate","inquiry","quest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"survey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"form","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"f0feb39b-64d1-4b6f-bffd-fc21d7984e71","word":"questions","definition":"Inquiries seeking information or clarification; matters requiring consideration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuestiones","language_family":"latin","root":"quaestio","root_meaning":"inquiry, question","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"questions","meaning":"inquiries","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"question","meaning":"inquiry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaestio","meaning":"inquiry, question","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek, ask","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["question","questioner","question-asking","enquiry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquiries","formality":"formal"},{"word":"queries","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interrogations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"asks","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"e30e9939-2378-4498-ba06-2f7622a11361","word":"quick","definition":"Lasting or taking a short time; moving or done fast.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cwic","root_meaning":"living or alive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quick","meaning":"fast or rapid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"quick","meaning":"living or alive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cwic","meaning":"living","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*gwei-","meaning":"to live or be alive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quickly","quicken","quickness","quicksilver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rapid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"speedy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"6fc594fa-5b9e-43c0-b044-d78c262d7c14","word":"quickly","definition":"With great speed; rapidly or in a short time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cwicu","root_meaning":"alive, lively","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quickly","meaning":"with great speed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"quick","meaning":"alive, lively, rapid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cwicu","meaning":"alive, lively","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quick","quickness","quicken","quicksilver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rapidly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swiftly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speedily","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"39337c65-b11d-4c69-aeb2-d08421fe2094","word":"quid","definition":"A portion of something, especially tobacco, for chewing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quid","meaning":"A portion of something, especially tobacco, for chewing.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"quid","meaning":"a lump for chewing","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cud"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plug","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"f0148511-f0fa-4d80-8cb9-cb0620ac36b6","word":"quiet","definition":"Making little or no noise.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"quieto","language_family":"latin","root":"quietus","root_meaning":"calm, at rest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kweie-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quiet","meaning":"making little noise","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"quiete","meaning":"calm, tranquil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quietus","meaning":"calm, at rest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quiescent","quit","acquittal","requiem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peaceful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tranquil","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"ff4a7e5b-4a82-47e4-8bb7-e98ea6930b19","word":"quietly","definition":"In a manner that makes little or no noise; calmly and without disturbance.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"quies","root_meaning":"rest, calm, stillness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwye-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quietly","meaning":"in a calm, noiseless manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"quietly","meaning":"silently, calmly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"quiet + -ly","meaning":"calm + adverb suffix","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"quietus / quiete","meaning":"at rest, free from disturbance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quies","meaning":"rest, repose, calm","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*kwye-","meaning":"rest, be quiet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quiet","quietness","quietude","disquiet","tranquil","quiescent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"softly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unobtrusively","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stealthily","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"a45dabe5-f433-4823-922c-5ce75a61c983","word":"quilt","definition":"A bed covering made of two layers of cloth with a layer of batting between them, all stitched together, typically in a decorative design.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"colcha","language_family":"latin","root":"culcita","root_meaning":"mattress, cushion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quilt","meaning":"a stitched bed covering","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quilte","meaning":"mattress, cushion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"culcita","meaning":"mattress, cushion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cushion","coil","culcita"],"synonyms":[{"word":"duvet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comforter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bedspread","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"ca4bfd44-0482-45cf-824a-3a17157401bb","word":"quincy","definition":"A French-derived proper name and surname originally tied to a place name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Quintius","root_meaning":"a Roman personal name from quintus, \"fifth\"","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*penkʷe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quincy","meaning":"a proper name or surname","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Quincy","meaning":"a place name and surname from a Gallo-Roman estate name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Quintiacum","meaning":"estate of Quintius","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Quintius","meaning":"a Roman personal name based on \"fifth\"","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quintus","meaning":"fifth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Gallo-Roman Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quint","quintus","quinto","quince","Quint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proper name","formality":"formal"},{"word":"toponym","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"8b9cc14e-235b-4378-85d0-dbe6141ce662","word":"quit","definition":"To leave a place, job, or school permanently; to stop doing something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"quiter","root_meaning":"to release, set free, abandon","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quit","meaning":"To leave, stop","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quiten","meaning":"To release, set free","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quiter","meaning":"To release, set free, abandon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quietus","meaning":"At rest, quiet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quiet","acquittal","requite","quite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resign","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"4a3a45b0-8a6c-4872-860a-8c42f15dd1c1","word":"quite","definition":"To a considerable extent; fairly, rather, or completely.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"quite","root_meaning":"set free, released","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quite","meaning":"to a considerable degree","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quite","meaning":"completely, entirely","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quit","meaning":"released, freed","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quit","quitter","acquit","requite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fairly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rather","formality":"informal"},{"word":"somewhat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"b4762628-d8e5-4fd9-876a-21b56ac6a2c0","word":"quiz","definition":"A test of knowledge, especially as a competition or game.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quiz","meaning":"test of knowledge","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quizzical","quizzing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"test","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"challenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquiry","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"e18a65e0-82e7-41d5-99df-7999c010acf5","word":"quota","definition":"A quota is a fixed share or limit assigned to someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cuota","language_family":"latin","root":"quotus","root_meaning":"which in number; how many","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quota","meaning":"a fixed share or limit assigned to someone or something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quota pars","meaning":"a fixed share","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quota","meaning":"which in number; how many","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quotus","meaning":"which in number; how many","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quote","quotient","quotable","quotum","quota"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allotment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"share","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allowance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"422a8348-61a5-4d63-a6b6-7035adb82241","word":"quote","definition":"To repeat or reproduce exact words from a source or to provide a price estimate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"quota","root_meaning":"the number of parts, portion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quote","meaning":"to repeat words or state a price","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"quote","meaning":"to mark with a quote mark or number passages","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"quoter","meaning":"to divide into parts, note","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quota","meaning":"how many, portion, share","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Late Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quotation","quota","quoth","quoted","quoter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reference","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excerpt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"price","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.877Z"}
{"id":"de443f5d-1e2a-4b81-bb5d-bbf26424db91","word":"quotes","definition":"Repeats or cites words exactly as spoken or written, or a price estimate for services or goods.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"citas","language_family":"latin","root":"quotare","root_meaning":"to number, mark","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"quotes","meaning":"repeats words, provides price estimate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"quote","meaning":"to repeat words, mark passages","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"quotare","meaning":"to number, mark divisions","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quotus","meaning":"how many, which in order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quote","quotation","quoted","quotable","requote"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cites","formality":"formal"},{"word":"repeats","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"references","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recites","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"0dce9586-0a18-4766-96c3-361b128b1564","word":"rabbi","definition":"A Jewish scholar or teacher, especially one who studies or teaches Jewish law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rabino","language_family":"other","root":"rav","root_meaning":"master, great one","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rabbi","meaning":"Jewish teacher","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"rabbi","meaning":"my master","children":[{"era":"1st century CE","word":"ῥαββί (rhabbi)","meaning":"my master","children":[{"era":"1st century CE","word":"רַבִּי (rabbī)","meaning":"my master","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"רַב (rav)","meaning":"master, great one","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Aramaic"}],"language":"Koine Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rav","rebbe","rabbinic","rabbinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teacher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clergyman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"c8969682-00f3-4b37-bf84-a2d7b4951fd6","word":"rabbit","definition":"A burrowing, herbivorous mammal with long ears, long hind legs, and a short fluffy tail.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rabote","root_meaning":"young rabbit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rabbit","meaning":"small mammal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rabett","meaning":"young rabbit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rabote","meaning":"young rabbit","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bunny","hare","cony","rodent","leporine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bunny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cony","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"21e54637-6540-437e-b630-6251191d976c","word":"rabid","definition":"Afflicted with rabies or, figuratively, exhibiting extreme and irrational fervor for a cause or belief.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rabioso","language_family":"latin","root":"rabidus","root_meaning":"raving, furious, mad","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*rebh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rabid","meaning":"fanatical; affected with rabies","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rabidus","meaning":"raving, furious, mad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rabere","meaning":"to rave, be mad","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*rebh-","meaning":"violent, impetuous","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rabies","rage","rabidly","rabidness","rave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fanatical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frenzied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zealous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fervid","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"375e1365-520a-4cb6-a72b-6a0a15149a9b","word":"rabies","definition":"Rabies is a viral disease of the nervous system that causes severe brain inflammation and is usually fatal once symptoms appear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rabia","language_family":"latin","root":"rabere","root_meaning":"to rave, rage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rabies","meaning":"a fatal viral disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rabies","meaning":"madness, rage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rabere","meaning":"to rave, rage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rabid","rabidity","rabble","rabidness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hydrophobia","formality":"technical"},{"word":"canine madness","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"rabidness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"9481b9cd-9cbd-4f97-a7d2-0a17f02c4c62","word":"raccoon","definition":"A raccoon is a nocturnal North American mammal known for its masked face and ringed tail.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Virginia Algonquian aroughcun","root_meaning":"one who scratches with his hands","root_language":"Virginia Algonquian","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raccoon","meaning":"a nocturnal North American mammal","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"racoon","meaning":"earlier spelling of raccoon","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"aroughcun","meaning":"one who scratches with his hands","children":[],"language":"Virginia Algonquian"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raccoons","racoon","raccoonish","raccoon-like","raccoony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"procyon","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ringtail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wash-bear","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"trash panda","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"a70fa034-d438-4e5c-b435-441312bc576e","word":"race","definition":"A competition of speed between individuals or animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"raza","language_family":"germanic","root":"ras","root_meaning":"to run or move rapidly","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*res-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"race","meaning":"a competition of speed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"race","meaning":"a competition of speed","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ras","meaning":"to run or move rapidly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*res-","meaning":"to move, flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["racer","racing","raced","racecourse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"competition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dash","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sprint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"e0e49be5-0309-440f-a27a-cff74a5a85c9","word":"racing","definition":"The sport or activity of competing in speed competitions; moving at high speed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"race","root_meaning":"to run quickly","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*ras-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"racing","meaning":"competing in speed competitions","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"race","meaning":"to run swiftly","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ras","meaning":"to run, rush","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["race","racer","racetrack","racehorse","racing-car"],"synonyms":[{"word":"competing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprinting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"running","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"8399d900-61b2-4c6f-8cab-f05ac5e48748","word":"racism","definition":"Racism is prejudice, discrimination, or hostility directed against people because of race or ethnicity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"racismo","language_family":"french","root":"race","root_meaning":"lineage; breed; stock","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"racism","meaning":"prejudice or discrimination based on race","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"race","meaning":"lineage, breed, or people classified together","children":[],"language":"French / English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ism","meaning":"doctrine, practice, or system","children":[],"language":"Greek via Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["race","racial","racist","racialism","racially"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prejudice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discrimination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bigotry","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"7d8fbf24-41fe-4f1d-b237-812220ecc120","word":"rack","definition":"A framework or stand, typically with bars or hooks, for holding or displaying things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hreac","root_meaning":"frame, shelf, stretcher","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hrek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rack","meaning":"A framework or stand, typically with bars or hooks, for holding or displaying things","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"racke","meaning":"frame","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hreac","meaning":"frame","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["racking","racked","bracket","stretch","reach"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shelf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"28214e32-2227-4bca-accf-d34b81d8f56c","word":"racket","definition":"A loud, unpleasant noise, or an illegal scheme for obtaining money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"racket","meaning":"loud noise, illegal enterprise","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"rakket","meaning":"noise, disturbance","children":[],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["din","clamor","uproar","commotion","fracas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"din","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commotion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"0c0e8c03-e40f-4e9d-a4af-020a80d204fe","word":"rad","definition":"Rad means excellent or exciting in informal English, originally a clipping of radical.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"radical","language_family":"latin","root":"radix","root_meaning":"root","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wrād-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rad","meaning":"excellent; impressive","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"radical","meaning":"original source of the clipped slang form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radicalis","meaning":"of a root","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radix","meaning":"root","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["radical","radically","radicle","radius"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awesome","formality":"informal"},{"word":"great","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excellent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"eae5633a-dfc4-47b8-bd13-3e07218f08c0","word":"radar","definition":"A system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of aircraft, ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of radio waves which are reflected off the object back to the source.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"radar","language_family":"other","root":"radio detecting and ranging","root_meaning":"detection and ranging by radio waves","root_language":"English","root_era":"current","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"radar","meaning":"radio detection system","children":[{"era":"1940s","word":"radio detecting and ranging","meaning":"source of acronym","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sonar","lidar","radiolocation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"radiolocation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"detection system","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tracking system","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"0741bef7-17c5-4a16-b956-fdeec80c305f","word":"radiant","definition":"Radiant means emitting light or warmth, or figuratively shining with joy or beauty.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"radiante","language_family":"latin","root":"radiāre","root_meaning":"to emit rays","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"radiant","meaning":"emitting light or warmth; shining","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"radyant","meaning":"earlier English form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radiāns","meaning":"shining; emitting rays","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radiāre","meaning":"to emit rays or beams","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radius","meaning":"ray; spoke","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["radiate","radiation","radius","radial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"luminous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"glowing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beaming","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"197eaa76-9b7e-4d5e-b340-7e9ad5837186","word":"radiation","definition":"The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"radiación","language_family":"latin","root":"radiatio","root_meaning":"a beaming, an emission of rays","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*Hreh₁d-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"radiation","meaning":"The emission of energy as waves or particles.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"radiation","meaning":"a beaming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radiare","meaning":"to emit rays, to beam","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radius","meaning":"ray, rod","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["radiate","radio","radius","radiant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emission","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propagation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"efflux","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"7ca9807b-d9bb-495a-8779-6e4fa448e499","word":"radiator","definition":"A radiator is a device that emits heat, usually by circulating hot water or steam through metal surfaces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"radiador","language_family":"latin","root":"radius","root_meaning":"ray, spoke","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"radiator","meaning":"a device that gives off heat","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"French radiateur","meaning":"radiating device or thing that emits rays","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin radiātor","meaning":"one who radiates","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin radius","meaning":"ray, beam, spoke","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["radiate","radiation","radiant","radius","irradiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heater","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heat exchanger","formality":"technical"},{"word":"convector","formality":"technical"},{"word":"warming unit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"87a91d09-65b0-44f2-b1b5-03e3a8865bf9","word":"radical","definition":"Relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"radical","language_family":"latin","root":"rādicālis","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to the root","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*wrad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"radical","meaning":"Relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"radical","meaning":"fundamental","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rādicālis","meaning":"of or pertaining to the root","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rādix","meaning":"root","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["root","eradicate","radish","radicalism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fundamental","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"c7502e5f-618f-411e-96a5-1ba8bda8ad6c","word":"radio","definition":"A system of wireless transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves for communication and entertainment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"radio","language_family":"latin","root":"radius","root_meaning":"ray, spoke of a wheel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"radio","meaning":"wireless transmission system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radio","meaning":"ray, spoke","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["radiate","radiation","radius","radioactive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wireless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broadcasting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transmission","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"ea323a5b-1bd0-4018-a2d7-b09aee6e4958","word":"radioactive","definition":"Emitting radiation as a result of the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"radioactivo","language_family":"latin","root":"radius, agere","root_meaning":"ray; to do, act","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*HreH-, *ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"radioactive","meaning":"emitting radiation","children":[{"era":"late 1800s","word":"radio-","meaning":"related to radiation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radius","meaning":"ray, spoke of a wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English (prefix)"},{"era":"current","word":"-active","meaning":"engaging in action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"activus","meaning":"active","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English (suffix)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["radiation","radiate","activity","reactor","radio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emissive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"radiating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unstable","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"2bb35fd1-bb85-45dc-ae12-ab9fce7903eb","word":"radius","definition":"A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere; also, a specified circular area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"radio","language_family":"latin","root":"radius","root_meaning":"spoke of a wheel, ray, rod","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"radius","meaning":"Line from center to circumference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radius","meaning":"spoke of a wheel, ray, rod","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["radiate","ray","radial","radiation","radio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"periphery","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"371bc34f-ff84-4733-9ffd-c34c236e7341","word":"rafe","definition":"Rafe is a seam-like line or ridge, especially in anatomy or botany.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"rhaphē","root_meaning":"seam; suture","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rafe","meaning":"a seam or ridge formed by a joining","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"raphe","meaning":"a seam or line of union","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rhaphē","meaning":"seam, suture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rhaptein","meaning":"to stitch, sew","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raphe","raphide","raphides","rhaphe","rhaphé"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ridge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"301c47e3-6f63-4aa7-bb0e-7c87e986f41b","word":"raft","definition":"A flat buoyant structure of timber or other materials fastened together, used as a boat or for flotation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"raptr","root_meaning":"rafter, beam","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raft","meaning":"flat buoyant structure","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"raft","meaning":"beam, rafter, float","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"raptr","meaning":"rafter, beam","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*raftaz","meaning":"rafter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rafter","float","boat","barge","dinghy","pontoon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"float","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pontoon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"balsa","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"79b95c34-622e-43da-b744-019d7edc7614","word":"rag","definition":"A piece of old or torn cloth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"rögg","root_meaning":"tuft of hair, shaggy part","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rag","meaning":"piece of old cloth","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"rag","meaning":"piece of cloth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rögg","meaning":"tuft of hair, shaggy part","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rugged","shaggy","tatter","shred"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cloth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shred","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tatter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"02198ed2-e369-42be-bfad-9c1bd68d2493","word":"rage","definition":"Violent, uncontrollable anger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rabia","language_family":"latin","root":"rabere","root_meaning":"to rave, be mad","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*rebh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rage","meaning":"violent anger","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"rage","meaning":"madness, fury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rabia","meaning":"madness, fury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rabere","meaning":"to rave, be mad","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rabid","rabies","enrage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fury","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ire","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"a8fe9293-2289-4693-843d-c3582d6b8772","word":"raid","definition":"A sudden attack or assault, especially by a military or police force.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"reið","root_meaning":"a riding, an expedition","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁reyh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raid","meaning":"A sudden attack","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"raid","meaning":"a military incursion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reið","meaning":"a riding, an expedition","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ride","road","ready","array","inroad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incursion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"foray","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"7eb22455-21f1-451a-8945-26831df9edc7","word":"rail","definition":"A bar or series of bars, typically of metal or wood, serving as a barrier or support.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rigil","root_meaning":"bar, bolt","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*regilaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rail","meaning":"bar or support","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rigel","meaning":"bar, bolt","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["railing","railroad","crossrail","palisade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barrier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"409de37e-3cce-4947-b7de-f7afd1ccedaa","word":"rain","definition":"Water falling in drops condensed from clouds in the atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rain","language_family":"germanic","root":"regn","root_meaning":"rain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rain","meaning":"falling water from clouds","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"regn","meaning":"rain","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"*reg-","meaning":"rain or moisture","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rainy","rains","rainfall","rainwater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precipitation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"downpour","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"47f67b43-f8ad-4104-844c-b3ab2d6c569d","word":"rainbow","definition":"An arch of colors visible in the sky, caused by the refraction and dispersion of the sun's light by rain or other water droplets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"regn + boga","root_meaning":"rain + arch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*regn-, *bheugh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rainbow","meaning":"An arch of colors visible in the sky.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"renboga","meaning":"rain-bow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"regn","meaning":"rain","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"boga","meaning":"arch, bow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rain","bow","rainy","bowed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arc","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spectrum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"iris","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"9b9316f6-b1a6-4a31-8d4d-70523a9d8cc0","word":"rainforest","definition":"A dense forest that receives very high rainfall, especially in tropical regions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rainforest","meaning":"a forest with heavy rainfall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rain","meaning":"water falling from clouds","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"forest","meaning":"wooded land","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rain","rainy","rainfall","forest","forestry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jungle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tropical forest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equatorial forest","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"41671610-0f21-431a-8054-f2d1bd9f2000","word":"rainy","definition":"Characterized by rain; wet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"regn","root_meaning":"rain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*Hregʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rainy","meaning":"Characterized by rain...","children":[{"era":"current","word":"rain","meaning":"precipitation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"regn","meaning":"rain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*regną","meaning":"rain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*Hregʷ-","meaning":"to rain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rain","wet","shower","drizzle","rainfall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"showery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drizzly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"59a30bd2-b49a-41d1-a2ba-0efa101f1caf","word":"raise","definition":"To lift or elevate something to a higher position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"reisa","root_meaning":"to raise","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁reyh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raise","meaning":"To lift or elevate something to a higher position","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reisa","meaning":"to raise, to cause to rise","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rise","rear","rouse","arouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hoist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uplift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"6f4c0bce-790e-40f2-8899-27f4384258ab","word":"raj","definition":"Rule or sovereignty, especially the British rule in India.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"rajan","root_meaning":"king, ruler","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":null,"proto_root":"*h₃rḗǵs","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raj","meaning":"Rule or sovereignty.","children":[{"era":null,"word":"rāj","meaning":"rule, reign","children":[{"era":null,"word":"rājan","meaning":"king, ruler","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*h₃rḗǵs","meaning":"king","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Hindi/Urdu"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["maharaja","raja","kingdom","regal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dominion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"e336c4c3-9969-4663-9a21-b7009d8a3a9a","word":"raja","definition":"A prince, chief, or ruler in India or Southeast Asia, historically used as a title for monarchs or feudal lords.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rajá","language_family":"other","root":"rājan","root_meaning":"king, ruler","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"Vedic period (c. 1500-500 BCE)","proto_root":"*h₃rḗǵs","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raja","meaning":"Indian ruler","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"rajā","meaning":"king","children":[{"era":"Vedic period","word":"rājan","meaning":"king, ruler","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*h₃rḗǵs","meaning":"ruler, king","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Hindi/Urdu"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raj","maharaja","regal","rectify","reign"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prince","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"f883132f-0a68-4e11-ba22-c902656f6532","word":"rake","definition":"A toothed tool used for gathering leaves, hay, or other loose material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"raca","root_meaning":"rake; scraping tool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rake","meaning":"a toothed tool for gathering material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"raca","meaning":"a rake or similar scraping tool","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raked","raking","raker","rakehead","rakehell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scraper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"4343480c-2d71-43d8-beb4-863ad4d32896","word":"ram","definition":"An uncastrated male sheep.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ram","root_meaning":"male sheep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rammaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ram","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ram","meaning":"male sheep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rammaz","meaning":"male sheep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ewe","lamb","sheep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sheep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tup","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"a30ad2d9-9648-43d4-9f2e-fd9bb795e564","word":"ramp","definition":"A ramp is a sloping surface or structure used to connect different levels.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rampe","root_meaning":"slope; incline","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ramp","meaning":"a sloping surface or structure used to connect levels","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rampe","meaning":"slope; incline","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ramper","meaning":"to crawl, creep, or climb","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ramps","ramped","ramping","ramp-up"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gradient","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"d7f52506-98b0-492c-ac18-a8394371bd4a","word":"ranch","definition":"A large farm, especially in the western US and Canada, where cattle, horses, or sheep are bred and raised.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rancho","language_family":"other","root":"rancho","root_meaning":"small farm, group of huts","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ranch","meaning":"cattle farm","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"rancho","meaning":"small farm, group of huts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ranche","meaning":"camp, company","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"American Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rancher","rancho","ranchero"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"homestead","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"fc53a551-8b84-42c3-8aac-145c0002b0d3","word":"rand","definition":"The basic monetary unit of South Africa, equal to 100 cents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Witwatersrand","root_meaning":"White Waters Ridge (a region in South Africa)","root_language":"Afrikaans","root_era":"late 19th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rand","meaning":"South African currency","children":[{"era":"20th C","word":"rand","meaning":"currency unit","children":[{"era":"late 19th C","word":"Witwatersrand","meaning":"White Waters Ridge (gold-rich area)","children":[],"language":"Afrikaans"}],"language":"Afrikaans"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Rant (German)","edge","rim"],"synonyms":[{"word":"currency","formality":"technical"},{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"2ece5665-d058-4295-bcbd-4154f97a8904","word":"random","definition":"Proceeding, made, or occurring without definite aim, reason, or pattern; haphazard.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"random","root_meaning":"great speed, violent force","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"random","meaning":"lacking pattern or predictability","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"random","meaning":"haphazard, reckless","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"random","meaning":"great speed, impetuosity","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["randomly","randomness","randomize","randomization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arbitrary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"haphazard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"2c4e074a-ee13-46ba-8f1f-1bfe880c2ffd","word":"randomly","definition":"In a random manner; without a definite pattern, plan, or order.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"randon","root_meaning":"speed, impetus, rush","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"randomly","meaning":"in a random manner","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"random","meaning":"chance; without a fixed pattern","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"randon","meaning":"speed, force, impetus","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["random","randon","randomness","randomize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"haphazardly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arbitrarily","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unpredictably","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"dfdc2c0e-8dfe-4364-ac18-f339d4e27b35","word":"randy","definition":"Sexually aroused or lustful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rand","root_meaning":"boisterous, wild","root_language":"English (dialectal)","root_era":"17th Century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"randy","meaning":"Sexually aroused or lustful.","children":[{"era":"17th Century","word":"rand","meaning":"a spree, a ramble, boisterous","children":[],"language":"Dialectal English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wanton","lustful","rand","randiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lustful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lewd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lascivious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"horny","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"1d9e8c50-647e-436b-a483-1da7e57bb628","word":"range","definition":"A line of mountains or hills, or the extent or scope of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rango","language_family":"french","root":"rang","root_meaning":"rank, row","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*hring-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"range","meaning":"mountains, extent, or scope","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"range","meaning":"rank, row, line","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rang","meaning":"rank, row","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"*hring-","meaning":"ring, circle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ranger","ranging","ranged","arrange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scope","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spectrum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"series","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"16599d0b-00d1-4d88-aa5a-1402874b37f0","word":"ranger","definition":"A keeper of a park, forest, or area of countryside.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"ranger","root_meaning":"to arrange, to set in order, to roam","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*hringaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ranger","meaning":"keeper of a range","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ranger","meaning":"keeper of a forest","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ranger","meaning":"to arrange, to roam","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"rang","meaning":"row, rank","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*hring","meaning":"ring, circle","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*hringaz","meaning":"ring","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["range","arrangement","rank","array","disarrange"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forest guard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"6b6a73ab-587e-496e-90df-0051b7bf695d","word":"rank","definition":"A position in a hierarchy or order; to assign a position or level.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rango","language_family":"french","root":"ranc","root_meaning":"line, row","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rank","meaning":"position in hierarchy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rank","meaning":"line or row","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ranc","meaning":"row, line, arrangement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rink","meaning":"boundary, edge","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ranking","ranks","ranker","ranked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"status","formality":"formal"},{"word":"standing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.449Z"}
{"id":"50e4626a-bc21-4274-9cfc-5cf00a4c9338","word":"rape","definition":"The unlawful sexual penetration of a person without their consent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"raptar","language_family":"latin","root":"rapere","root_meaning":"to seize, carry off","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁rep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rape","meaning":"sexual assault","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rapere","meaning":"to seize, carry off, plunder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rapture","rapid","ravish","surreptitious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assault","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"violate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"molest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"c367014f-0ab9-43c5-81c9-467c9f9bc420","word":"rapid","definition":"Happening in a short time or at a great rate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rápido","language_family":"latin","root":"rapidus","root_meaning":"swift, quick","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rapid","meaning":"Happening in a short time or at a great rate.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"rapide","meaning":"swift","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rapidus","meaning":"swift, quick","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rapere","meaning":"to seize, snatch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rapidity","rapture","rapt","raptor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"swift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"b5a12835-1d6d-4407-92ba-2325ff4b0949","word":"rapist","definition":"A person who commits the crime of rape.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"raptus","root_meaning":"a seizing, carrying off","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rapist","meaning":"person who commits rape","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"rape","meaning":"forcible seizure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"raptus","meaning":"a seizing, carrying off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rapere","meaning":"to seize, carry off","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rape","abduction","assault","offender"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assailant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sexual predator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"e0862cba-9821-4e5f-bbf7-b6ce5efc054f","word":"rare","definition":"Uncommon or seldom encountered.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"raro","language_family":"latin","root":"rarus","root_meaning":"thinly sown, thin, scanty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rare","meaning":"uncommon or scarce","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rare","meaning":"thinly sown, sparse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rarus","meaning":"thin, scanty, sparse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rarely","rarity","rarefy","rarefaction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncommon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scarce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infrequent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"singular","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"97b77ee5-ce12-434a-8172-8bccb2435aa6","word":"rascal","definition":"A mischievous or cheeky person, especially a child or man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rascaille","root_meaning":"rabble, riff-raff","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rascal","meaning":"A mischievous or cheeky person","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rascal","meaning":"a base, worthless person","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rascaille","meaning":"rabble, riff-raff","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scoundrel","rogue","villain","mischievous","rascally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rogue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scamp","formality":"informal"},{"word":"imp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scoundrel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"c79484bb-c3a3-4a86-987a-8def2e4cb953","word":"rash","definition":"Acting or done without careful consideration of the possible consequences; impetuous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"raskr","root_meaning":"quick, hasty, active","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*raskaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rash","meaning":"hasty, impetuous","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rasch","meaning":"quick, sudden","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"raskr","meaning":"quick, hasty, active","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rush","rapid","brisk","haste"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impetuous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reckless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hasty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"46503713-483d-4034-83e9-aaf975982679","word":"raspberry","definition":"A soft edible berry made of many small drupelets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raspberry","meaning":"a soft edible berry made of many small drupelets","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"raspis","meaning":"an earlier form of the fruit name of uncertain origin","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raspberries","raspberry bush","raspberry cane","raspberry jam","raspberry-colored"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brambleberry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"berry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bramble fruit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"1087ef55-6c62-43d9-882b-6ac27fd2ac55","word":"rat","definition":"A rodent larger than a mouse, typically having a pointed snout and a long, hairless tail.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rata","language_family":"germanic","root":"rætt","root_meaning":"rat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rat","meaning":"a rodent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ratte","meaning":"rat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rætt","meaning":"rat","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*rat-","meaning":"rat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rodent","ratty","ratter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rodent","formality":"technical"},{"word":"vermin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"61577393-af05-4012-9ee4-8d43b0ae1a8b","word":"rate","definition":"The speed or frequency at which something occurs; to assign a value or ranking to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"rata","language_family":"latin","root":"rata","root_meaning":"fixed amount, calculation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rate","meaning":"speed of occurrence; to evaluate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rate","meaning":"to estimate, reckon, value","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rata","meaning":"fixed amount, share","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rating","rated","rater","ratable","underrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evaluate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assess","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"ef5d9d9c-6c5a-4720-b932-4285efae277b","word":"rated","definition":"Assigned a particular rank, score, or classification based on evaluation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"rate","root_meaning":"to reckon or calculate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rated","meaning":"assigned a rank or score","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rate","meaning":"to reckon, estimate value","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rata","meaning":"fixed share or portion","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rating","rates","rater","unrated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scored","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ranked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"evaluated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"038c76ad-ec3f-4298-be89-087aa6883c39","word":"rates","definition":"Plural of rate; measures or speeds of something per unit, or prices charged.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rates","language_family":"latin","root":"rata","root_meaning":"reckoning, calculation, proportion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rates","meaning":"speeds, measures, or prices per unit","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rate","meaning":"measure, price, speed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rata","meaning":"reckoning, calculation, proportion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rate","rating","rater","ratify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speeds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proportions","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.972Z"}
{"id":"17b7bf40-20cf-47c3-b163-a42e9394d2ea","word":"rather","definition":"To a certain or significant degree; more precisely; preferably or more willingly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hræth","root_meaning":"quick, soon, early","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hraðu- (quick)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Rather","meaning":"to some degree; preferably","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rather","meaning":"more quickly, sooner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hræther","meaning":"quicker, sooner, comparative of quick","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rathe","rather-ish","rathen","speed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quite","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fairly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preferably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"3cc2ee78-4f5c-40be-a779-35f9ffadb967","word":"rating","definition":"A classification or ranking assigned to something based on quality or performance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"clasificación","language_family":"latin","root":"rata","root_meaning":"fixed amount, share","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rating","meaning":"a classification or ranking","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rate","meaning":"to estimate, assign a value","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rata","meaning":"reckoning, calculation, fixed share","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rate","rater","rated","ratings","ratable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ranking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classification","formality":"formal"},{"word":"score","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"8b8992a8-ebf6-4a2e-8bc2-c43f93ed3fe3","word":"ratings","definition":"Numerical scores or classifications assigned to assess quality or performance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"calificaciones","language_family":"germanic","root":"rate","root_meaning":"to estimate value","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ratings","meaning":"classifications or scores","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"rating","meaning":"classification based on quality","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"rate","meaning":"to evaluate","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"rata","meaning":"fixed amount, proportion","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rate","rating","rated","rater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scores","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grades","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessments","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.506Z"}
{"id":"0b10e38f-da33-45d1-8028-53c9c14581e1","word":"ratio","definition":"The quantitative relationship between two or more values expressed as a quotient.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ratio","language_family":"latin","root":"ratio","root_meaning":"reckoning, calculation, reason","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"ratio","meaning":"mathematical proportion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ratio","meaning":"reckoning, calculation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ratios","rational","ration","proportion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proportion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quotient","formality":"technical"},{"word":"relationship","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"079772d2-f350-4f38-b4a7-541d5f6e25a3","word":"ration","definition":"A ration is a fixed allowance or portion of food, supplies, or other goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ración","language_family":"latin","root":"ratio","root_meaning":"reckoning, account, reason","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ration","meaning":"a fixed allowance or portion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"racion","meaning":"a portion or allowance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ratio","meaning":"reckoning, account, reason","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reri","meaning":"to reckon, calculate, think","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ratio","rational","rationing","rationed","rationer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allowance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allotment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"0252ec8d-612a-4ded-975c-6cf4548bcd68","word":"rational","definition":"Based on or in accordance with reason or logic.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"racional","language_family":"latin","root":"rationalis","root_meaning":"of or belonging to reason","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rational","meaning":"based on reason","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rational","meaning":"reasonable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rationalis","meaning":"of or belonging to reason","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ratio","meaning":"reckoning, understanding, reason","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reri","meaning":"to reckon, think","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reason","ratio","rationalize","irrational","ration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"logical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reasonable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"f7e3c27e-13f5-4722-aeea-42499c0ca50e","word":"rattle","definition":"To make a rapid succession of short, sharp knocking sounds.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hratel","root_meaning":"to rattle (onomatopoeic)","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rattle","meaning":"To make short, sharp sounds","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ratelen","meaning":"to rattle (onomatopoeic)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hratel","meaning":"to rattle (onomatopoeic)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clatter","crack","rustle","prattle","rattlesnake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jingle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"3130776c-e2db-4331-a7e6-d07b160c7635","word":"raven","definition":"A large, glossy black bird of the crow family, known for its intelligence and often ominous symbolism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hræfn","root_meaning":"raven","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*krop-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raven","meaning":"a large black bird","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hræfn","meaning":"raven","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*khrabnaz","meaning":"raven","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*krop-","meaning":"to make a noise, crow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["crow","rook","corvid","caw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corvid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"large black bird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"f1d87aaa-63c1-4cf4-9249-433ed6a992a3","word":"raw","definition":"In its natural state; not yet cooked, processed, or refined.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hraw","root_meaning":"raw, uncooked","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hreuwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"raw","meaning":"uncooked, natural","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"raw","meaning":"uncooked, cold, damp","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"raw","meaning":"uncooked","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hraw","meaning":"raw, uncooked","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rawness","rawly","rare","undercooked","unprocessed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncooked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unrefined","formality":"formal"},{"word":"natural","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"88013415-bce4-4a13-9f2d-7d446b753453","word":"ray","definition":"A line or beam of light; a thin line extending from a point.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rayo","language_family":"latin","root":"radius","root_meaning":"spoke of a wheel, rod, ray","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ray","meaning":"beam or line of light","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ray","meaning":"beam of light","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"raie","meaning":"ray","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radius","meaning":"spoke of wheel, rod","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rays","radius","radiate","radiant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shaft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gleam","formality":"literary"},{"word":"streak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"49f788d2-b54f-451c-b247-e68fca340396","word":"razor","definition":"An instrument with a sharp blade or blades, used for shaving or removing hair.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rasar","language_family":"latin","root":"radere","root_meaning":"to scrape, shave","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ras-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"razor","meaning":"shaving instrument","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rasour","meaning":"razor","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"rasoir","meaning":"razor","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"raser","meaning":"to shave","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"radere","meaning":"to scrape, shave","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rase","abrasion","erase","abrasive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shaver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knife","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"12689375-4534-4fdc-be8e-53dbf76d021a","word":"reach","definition":"To arrive at or get to a place, or to stretch out to touch or grasp something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"raecce","root_meaning":"to stretch out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reach","meaning":"to stretch toward, arrive at","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reach","meaning":"to stretch, extend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"raeccan","meaning":"to stretch, reach out","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"Germanic root","meaning":"to stretch, extend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reach","reachable","reaching","reached","overreach"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arrive at","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stretch to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"92263209-5478-4657-ad0a-ed43a8ff3520","word":"react","definition":"To act in response to something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reaccionar","language_family":"latin","root":"agere","root_meaning":"to do, to drive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"react","meaning":"to act in response to something","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"réagir","meaning":"to react","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + agere","meaning":"back, again + to do, to drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["action","actor","active","agent","enact","counteract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"respond","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retaliate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"69d82f30-0834-4185-9933-8c953aba27bf","word":"reaction","definition":"An action or feeling caused by another event or situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reacción","language_family":"latin","root":"agere","root_meaning":"to do, to act back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reaction","meaning":"an action or feeling caused by an event","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"reaction","meaning":"a counteraction","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"réagir","meaning":"to react","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + agere","meaning":"back + to do/act","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["act","agent","react","active","interact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"response","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feedback","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repercussion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"75f08b9c-bc57-423e-a6dd-fd65308c1c48","word":"reactor","definition":"A device used to control a nuclear chain reaction or a vessel in which chemical reactions are carried out.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reactor","language_family":"latin","root":"agere","root_meaning":"to do, to drive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reactor","meaning":"a device controlling reactions","children":[{"era":"17th C.","word":"reaction","meaning":"action in response to an influence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-agere","meaning":"to act back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix"},{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to do, to drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["react","action","agent","active","retroactive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"generator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"8c742792-80e0-4751-96b0-f221974169e6","word":"read","definition":"To look at written or printed words and understand their meaning.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rædan","root_meaning":"to advise, counsel, or interpret","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reh₂d-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"read","meaning":"to look at and interpret written text","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"read","meaning":"to read, counsel, advise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rædan","meaning":"to advise, interpret, counsel","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*reh₂d-","meaning":"to arrange, put in order","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reader","reading","readable","misread","reread"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interpret","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peruse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"look over","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"d9b64fa7-9cbe-43dd-9f86-0150906ff4f2","word":"reader","definition":"A person who reads or a device that interprets written or electronic information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lector","language_family":"latin","root":"legere","root_meaning":"to gather, to pick up, to read","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reader","meaning":"person or device that reads","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"read","meaning":"to advise, to counsel, to read aloud","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"raeden","meaning":"to advise, to interpret","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to gather, to read","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*leg-","meaning":"to gather, to collect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["read","reading","readable","reader"],"synonyms":[{"word":"literary person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scanner","formality":"technical"},{"word":"interpreter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"0310d22a-4f14-4425-981c-50e9f4022b4b","word":"readers","definition":"Plural of reader; people who read or devices that read information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lectores","language_family":"latin","root":"legere","root_meaning":"to read or gather","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"readers","meaning":"people or devices that read","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reader","meaning":"one who reads","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"read","meaning":"to advise or counsel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"legere","meaning":"to read or gather","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["read","reader","readable","reading"],"synonyms":[{"word":"audiences","formality":"formal"},{"word":"viewers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consumers","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.484Z"}
{"id":"650cecc1-4026-4c84-8f68-ed97557fa937","word":"reading","definition":"The action of looking at and comprehending written or printed words or symbols.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rǽdan","root_meaning":"to counsel, advise, interpret","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rēd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reading","meaning":"comprehending written words","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reading","meaning":"reading, interpretation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rǽdan","meaning":"to counsel, advise, interpret","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["read","reader","readable","reading-glass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perusal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interpretation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"studying","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"5d6c57e5-df45-4950-9aa0-833048c602e6","word":"ready","definition":"Prepared or willing to do something; in a state of preparation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rǽde","root_meaning":"prepared, arranged","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*rad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ready","meaning":"prepared, willing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"redy","meaning":"prepared, in order","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"rǽde","meaning":"prepared, arranged","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rad-","meaning":"to prepare, arrange","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ready","readiness","readily","readied"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prepared","formality":"formal"},{"word":"willing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"set","formality":"informal"},{"word":"primed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"5fe2862c-b924-4a8c-aaf0-600e3e6e0109","word":"real","definition":"Actually existing or occurring in fact; not imaginary or artificial.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"real","language_family":"latin","root":"realis","root_meaning":"relating to things, actual","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"real","meaning":"actually existing, factual, not imaginary","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"real","meaning":"relating to things, actual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"realis","meaning":"relating to things, actual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res","meaning":"a thing, matter, affair","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reality","realize","really","realism","realistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"actual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"genuine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"true","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"2d83cc4c-8836-4501-a60d-a5ff3479a418","word":"realistic","definition":"Representing things in a way that is accurate and true to life; practical and sensible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"realista","language_family":"latin","root":"realis","root_meaning":"relating to things, actual","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"realistic","meaning":"practical and sensible","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"real","meaning":"actual, true","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"réel","meaning":"real","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"realis","meaning":"actual, existing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res","meaning":"thing, matter, reality","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["real","reality","realize","realism","realistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pragmatic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sensible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"755a7b75-3bd4-42fc-9fd3-174cf0c182cb","word":"reality","definition":"The state of things as they actually exist, in contrast to imagination or theories.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"realidad","language_family":"latin","root":"realis","root_meaning":"relating to things, actual","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reality","meaning":"state of actual existence","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"reality","meaning":"actual existence","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"realité","meaning":"actuality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"realis","meaning":"relating to things, actual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res","meaning":"thing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["real","realism","realistic","realize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"actuality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"truth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"existence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"b879cd29-c524-4fe9-a74c-9ddbec70333d","word":"realize","definition":"To become fully aware of something; to make real or achieve something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"realizar","language_family":"latin","root":"realis","root_meaning":"actual, real, relating to things","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*res","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"realize","meaning":"to become aware of; to make real","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"realize","meaning":"to make real, convert to actuality","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"réaliser","meaning":"to make real","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"realis","meaning":"actual, real","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res","meaning":"thing, matter, affair","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["real","reality","realization","surreal","realistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comprehend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recognize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehend","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"6b9f4e7e-0265-469d-a309-fdb378d7f53d","word":"really","definition":"In actual fact; genuinely or truly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"realmente","language_family":"latin","root":"realis","root_meaning":"relating to things","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"really","meaning":"in fact, truly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reall","meaning":"actual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"realis","meaning":"relating to things","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["real","reality","realize","realism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"actually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"truly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genuinely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in fact","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"f5b1d958-bb88-4e10-a886-5d5d030016fa","word":"realm","definition":"A kingdom; a domain over which a sovereign or a large organization has control.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"reaume","root_meaning":"kingdom, royal domain","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"realm","meaning":"A kingdom or domain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reaume","meaning":"kingdom, royal domain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*regalimen","meaning":"royal domain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regalis","meaning":"royal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["royal","regal","reign","regime","interregnum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kingdom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"territory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"1a352324-4bf2-49c4-bc68-593d23c21d05","word":"realty","definition":"Land and any buildings on it; real estate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"realis","root_meaning":"relating to things, property","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"medieval legal Latin","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"realty","meaning":"real estate","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"real","meaning":"royal, actual, belonging to a thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"realis","meaning":"relating to things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res","meaning":"thing, property","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["real","estate","reality","res","real-estate agent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"real estate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"property","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"land","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"deba0040-a03e-44d8-960e-837d2554e207","word":"reaper","definition":"A person or machine that cuts and gathers grain at harvest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English ripere","root_meaning":"one who reaps; harvester","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reaper","meaning":"a person or machine that cuts and gathers grain at harvest","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"repere","meaning":"harvester","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ripere","meaning":"reaper; one who reaps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reap","meaning":"to cut grain and gather a harvest","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reap","reaped","reaping","reapable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harvester","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gleaner","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"d4159f3e-f88b-4e12-ac7e-3adae515a62f","word":"rear","definition":"To raise and care for (children or animals); also, the back part of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rǣran","root_meaning":"to raise, lift","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rais-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rear","meaning":"to raise; back part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rǣran","meaning":"to raise, lift","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*rais-","meaning":"to rise, raise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["raise","arise","rise","rearward","rearmost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"raise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nurture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"back","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"94daab95-4ba3-4a6e-8d8b-f97072a4bac4","word":"reason","definition":"A cause, explanation, or motive for something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"razón","language_family":"latin","root":"ratio","root_meaning":"reckoning, calculation, reason","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"reason","meaning":"a cause or motive","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"raison","meaning":"reason, cause","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ratio","meaning":"reckoning, account","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*re-","meaning":"to count, reckon","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["reasonable","reasoning","reasoned","irrational"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cause","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rationale","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ground","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"7f460854-335c-468b-9d22-fd77b612f43e","word":"reasonable","definition":"Moderate and sensible in judgment or behavior; able to be explained or understood.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"razonable","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin rationabilis","root_meaning":"endowed with reason","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reasonable","meaning":"sensible, moderate, rational","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"resonable","meaning":"rational, sensible","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resonable","meaning":"rational","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rationabilis","meaning":"endowed with reason","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reason","reasoning","unreasonable","reasonableness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rational","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sensible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fair","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"9994859d-ea09-49a4-80f0-a65d24acfd8b","word":"reasons","definition":"Plural of reason; causes, motives, or the capacity for logical thought.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"razones","language_family":"latin","root":"ratio","root_meaning":"a reckoning, account, reason","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reasons","meaning":"plural of reason; causes or motives","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reason","meaning":"cause, motive, intellect","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"raison","meaning":"reason, account","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ratio","meaning":"a reckoning, reason","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reason","reasoning","reasonable","reasoned","unreason"],"synonyms":[{"word":"causes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"motives","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grounds","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rationales","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"a5799cfc-4f9c-4b0b-bc71-00faf6d90acf","word":"reassure","definition":"To reassure someone is to make them feel less worried or fearful.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"asegurar","language_family":"latin","root":"sēcūrus","root_meaning":"safe; secure; free from worry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reassure","meaning":"to make someone feel less worried or fearful","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"re- + assure","meaning":"again; make sure","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"assure","meaning":"make safe; make certain","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"asseurer","meaning":"make secure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sēcūrus","meaning":"safe; secure; free from care","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assure","assurance","secure","security","sure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soothe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"729cee87-2427-4734-ae75-5dd56142487b","word":"rebel","definition":"A person who rises in opposition or armed resistance against an established authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rebelde","language_family":"latin","root":"rebellare","root_meaning":"to make war again, revolt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bhel- (to swell)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rebel","meaning":"insurgent","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"rebelle","meaning":"rebellious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rebellis","meaning":"insurgent, rebellious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rebellare","meaning":"to wage war again, revolt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"bellare","meaning":"to wage war","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"bellum","meaning":"war","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rebellion","belligerent","bellicose","bellow","antebellum","duel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insurgent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revolutionary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissident","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"1b55fa45-f920-41bc-a1cc-8b9e814756aa","word":"rebellion","definition":"An act of open, organized, and often armed resistance to an established government or ruler.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rebelión","language_family":"latin","root":"rebellio","root_meaning":"a renewal of war","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rebellion","meaning":"resistance to authority","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"rebellion","meaning":"uprising","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rebellio","meaning":"a renewal of war, revolt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"bellum","meaning":"war","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revolt","insurrection","uprising","mutiny","rebel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uprising","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insurrection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mutiny","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"4fbf3fd3-e4f6-4e80-a196-308755b1f67f","word":"rebellious","definition":"Rebellious means showing a desire to resist authority or established rules.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rebelde","language_family":"latin","root":"rebellis","root_meaning":"waging war again; insurgent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rebellious","meaning":"resisting authority or rules","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rebellious","meaning":"restless, insubordinate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rebellis","meaning":"waging war again; rebellious","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rebel","rebellion","rebelliously","rebelliousness","rebelling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"defiant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insubordinate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unruly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"bcf10284-d275-4671-96db-93b73b52cf81","word":"rebirth","definition":"Rebirth is the act or experience of being born again or renewed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*burþiz","root_meaning":"birth","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rebirth","meaning":"the act or experience of being born again or renewed","children":[{"era":"current","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix in English"},{"era":"Old English/Proto-Germanic inheritance","word":"birth","meaning":"birth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beorþ / byrþ","meaning":"birth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*burþiz","meaning":"birth","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*bʰer-","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["birth","born","bear","reborn","birthright"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renewal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regeneration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resurrection","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"fff96bd7-bb37-496b-b30e-59a030d063f8","word":"reborn","definition":"Born again or restored to life, spirit, or condition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*beraną","root_meaning":"to bear, carry","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reborn","meaning":"born again or restored","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"current","word":"born","meaning":"having been brought forth by birth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geboren","meaning":"born","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*beraną","meaning":"to bear, carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rebirth","birth","born","bear","birthright"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renewed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regenerated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resurrected","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"8251bf65-764e-48e1-8ea0-e2843166450b","word":"rebound","definition":"To spring back after hitting something; to recover in value, amount, or strength.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rebondir","root_meaning":"to bounce back","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rebound","meaning":"to spring back","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rebound","meaning":"to spring back","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rebondir","meaning":"to bounce back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"bondir","meaning":"to leap, spring","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bound","bounce","abound","respond","redundant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ricochet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spring back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rally","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"30235a10-1772-4cb6-a463-40502c86d0bb","word":"receipt","definition":"A written acknowledgment that something has been received.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recibo","language_family":"latin","root":"recipere","root_meaning":"to receive, to take back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"receipt","meaning":"written acknowledgment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"receite","meaning":"receipt, reception","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"recepte","meaning":"reception, contents","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recepta","meaning":"something received","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receive","reception","recipient","inception","capable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"voucher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proof of purchase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slip","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"b6f20191-01a7-4446-972e-a90e4f9d87c1","word":"receive","definition":"To get, accept, or take in something that is given or sent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recibir","language_family":"latin","root":"recipere","root_meaning":"to take back, accept","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"receive","meaning":"to accept","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"receive","meaning":"to accept","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to take back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receiver","receipt","reception","receive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accept","formality":"formal"},{"word":"get","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obtain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"b8521402-8e11-48bb-827e-ab9281d7f6df","word":"received","definition":"Past tense of receive; accepted, obtained, or took delivery of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recibido","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin recipere","root_meaning":"to take back, take up, accept","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"received","meaning":"accepted or took delivery of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"receive","meaning":"to take, accept, obtain","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"receivre","meaning":"to receive, take","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to take back, accept","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receive","reception","receiver","receipt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"got","formality":"informal"},{"word":"accepted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquired","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"2c8bb4b3-5f22-426f-85fe-4d743694c6e1","word":"receiver","definition":"A person who receives something; a device that converts incoming electrical signals into sound or light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"receptor","language_family":"french","root":"recevoir","root_meaning":"to receive","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"receiver","meaning":"one who takes in or a device for reception","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"receivour","meaning":"one who receives","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recevoir","meaning":"to receive, welcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to take back, hold back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receive","reception","receptive","receipt","capture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recipient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneficiary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"device","formality":"technical"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"f56df5ac-2398-4913-8566-de108ed3df49","word":"receiving","definition":"The action of becoming the recipient of something given, sent, or paid.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recibiendo","language_family":"latin","root":"recipere","root_meaning":"to take back, to receive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"receiving","meaning":"becoming the recipient of something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"receive","meaning":"to take, receive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to take back, receive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re + capere","meaning":"back + to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receive","receiver","receipt","receptive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obtaining","formality":"formal"},{"word":"getting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accepting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"52e6b54d-0d11-4e8b-b654-98dfef378e79","word":"recent","definition":"Belonging to a period not long ago; lately or newly occurred.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"reciente","language_family":"latin","root":"recens","root_meaning":"fresh, new, recent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*rek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recent","meaning":"of a period not long ago","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"recent","meaning":"fresh, new, lately occurred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recens","meaning":"fresh, new, recent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recently","recency","recent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"new","formality":"informal"},{"word":"latest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contemporary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"2202e8af-88bb-4dca-8567-0d7e4d381156","word":"recently","definition":"In the near past; not long ago.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"recientemente","language_family":"latin","root":"recens","root_meaning":"fresh, new, recent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recently","meaning":"not long ago","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"recently","meaning":"in recent times","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"recent","meaning":"fresh, new","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recens","meaning":"fresh, new, recent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recent","recency","recently","recenter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lately","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"of late","formality":"formal"},{"word":"not long ago","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"just now","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"8a4d532a-80d2-4e88-afd9-d0cde821abcd","word":"reception","definition":"The action or process of receiving something or of being received.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recepción","language_family":"latin","root":"receptio","root_meaning":"a receiving, collection","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reception","meaning":"The action or process of receiving something or of being received.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"receptiōnem","meaning":"a receiving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"receptiō","meaning":"a receiving, collection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to take back, receive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French/Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receive","receipt","capture","perceive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"welcome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acceptance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"59f6ed84-d40b-4278-8a71-19e1491d616d","word":"receptionist","definition":"A receptionist is a person who greets visitors and handles calls or messages at a front desk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recepcionista","language_family":"latin","root":"recipere","root_meaning":"to receive, take back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"receptionist","meaning":"a person who greets visitors and handles calls or messages at a front desk","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reception","meaning":"the act of receiving or welcoming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"receptio","meaning":"a receiving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to receive, take back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ist","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reception","receive","receptive","receptacle","recipient","receipt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"receptionist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"front-desk clerk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reception clerk","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"37af8352-9d86-485e-935d-fe4563d8d68b","word":"receptor","definition":"A cell or nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"receptor","language_family":"latin","root":"recipere","root_meaning":"to receive, take back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"receptor","meaning":"cell that receives stimuli","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"receptor","meaning":"receiver","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to receive, take back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receive","reception","reciprocal","capacity","capture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"receiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dendrite","formality":"technical"},{"word":"antenna","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"17a6621d-7338-4e3e-bfe6-701801b1ed2a","word":"recess","definition":"A period of time when proceedings are temporarily suspended; also, a small space set back in a wall.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"receso","language_family":"latin","root":"recessus","root_meaning":"a going back, retreat, hidden place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recess","meaning":"temporary suspension, hidden space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recessus","meaning":"a going back, retreat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recession","recede","cession","concede","access"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interval","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alcove","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"ea753e8c-cae8-4419-a608-6236989f6cb5","word":"recession","definition":"A temporary decline in economic activity or, more generally, a drawing back or withdrawal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recesión","language_family":"latin","root":"recessio","root_meaning":"a going back, retreat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recession","meaning":"A temporary decline in economic activity or, more generally, a drawing back or withdrawal.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recessio","meaning":"a going back, retreat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recedere","meaning":"to go back, withdraw, yield","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*ked-","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recess","recessed","recessive","recessional","recede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"downturn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slump","formality":"informal"},{"word":"retrenchment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"33c2dd1d-b892-48f7-a0cc-c7cf10a706c5","word":"recipe","definition":"A set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a list of ingredients and the steps involved.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"receta","language_family":"latin","root":"recipere","root_meaning":"to receive, to take","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recipe","meaning":"cooking instructions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"recipe","meaning":"prescription, cooking instructions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recete","meaning":"prescription","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to take, to receive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receipt","receptacle","receive","reciprocal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instructions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formula","formality":"formal"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}
{"id":"00498a2e-5854-4ed2-9197-10f1c242d9b3","word":"recipes","definition":"Sets of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including ingredients and cooking methods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"receta","language_family":"latin","root":"recipere","root_meaning":"to take, receive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recipes","meaning":"cooking instructions","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"recipe","meaning":"a medical or culinary formula","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"receta","meaning":"a prescription or recipe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipere","meaning":"to take, receive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recipe","reciprocal","recipient","receive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"formulas","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instructions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"directions","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.146Z"}
{"id":"f1338390-5bdd-4e94-8a1c-062560d2443b","word":"recipient","definition":"A person or thing that receives or is awarded something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recipiente","language_family":"latin","root":"recipiens","root_meaning":"receiving","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recipient","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recipiens","meaning":"receiving (present participle of recipere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["receive","reception","capture","capable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"receiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneficiary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"addressee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"dd4a6f2e-b56e-450e-868c-20fce5f5975d","word":"recital","definition":"A solo performance or formal reading, especially of music or poetry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recital","language_family":"french","root":"recitāre","root_meaning":"to read aloud; recite","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recital","meaning":"a solo performance or formal reading","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"récital","meaning":"a solo performance or formal presentation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"réciter","meaning":"to recite or read aloud","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recitāre","meaning":"to read aloud; recite","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recite","recitation","recitative","recitalist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reading","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recitation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"7fae6c1b-b7d3-4732-8713-3104f1d00a95","word":"reckless","definition":"Heedless of danger or the consequences of one's actions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"recceléas","root_meaning":"careless","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reckless","meaning":"heedless of danger","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reccheles","meaning":"careless","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"recceléas","meaning":"careless","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reccan","meaning":"to care","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-leas","meaning":"-less","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reckon","careless","heedless","feckless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"careless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irresponsible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"negligent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"34ed1be3-7d73-41bb-b8a5-421ec0aa095c","word":"reckon","definition":"To establish by counting or calculation; to conclude or think.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gerecenian","root_meaning":"to explain, recount, narrate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rakinōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reckon","meaning":"calculate/think","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rekenen","meaning":"count, narrate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gerecenian","meaning":"explain, recount","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rakinōną","meaning":"to arrange, count","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reckoning","account","recount","calculation","estimate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calculate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"count","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estimate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"07de0cfc-83e0-4780-ab49-851ed4949228","word":"recognise","definition":"Identify (someone or something) from having encountered them before; know again.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reconocer","language_family":"latin","root":"cognoscere","root_meaning":"to know","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recognise","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recognise","meaning":"to recognize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recognoscere","meaning":"to know again, recall","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cognoscere","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cognition","incognito","agnostic","know","recognition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"identify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"284d47da-6cd5-4b6a-8468-f93916943e72","word":"recognition","definition":"The action or process of recognizing or being recognized, in particular, identification of someone or something from previous encounters or knowledge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reconocimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"recognitio","root_meaning":"acknowledgement, recognition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recognition","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recognitio","meaning":"acknowledgement, recognition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recognoscere","meaning":"to know again, recall","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cognoscere","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*gneh₃-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recognize","cognitive","incognito","cognition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acknowledgement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"identification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appreciation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"53b7cadb-8aab-47fd-8555-11dbd852aaef","word":"recognize","definition":"To identify someone or something previously known.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reconocer","language_family":"latin","root":"recognoscere","root_meaning":"to recall to mind, know again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recognize","meaning":"identify previously known","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reconoistre","meaning":"to recognize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recognoscere","meaning":"to recall to mind, know again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cognoscere","meaning":"to know, ascertain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gnoscere","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*ǵneh₃-","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recognition","cognitive","ignorant","diagnosis","agnostic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"identify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinguish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"4c914c37-380f-4dd2-947a-a4c3ed1d954a","word":"recommend","definition":"To suggest or propose something as worthy of consideration or adoption.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recomendar","language_family":"latin","root":"commendare","root_meaning":"to entrust, to commit to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recommend","meaning":"to suggest as suitable","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"recommend","meaning":"to commit to one's care","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"recommender","meaning":"to commend again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commendare","meaning":"to entrust, to praise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recommendation","recommends","recommended"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"advise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"2f363c06-7e57-4d1f-99b9-1da1a42fe98d","word":"recommendation","definition":"A suggestion or proposal as to the best course of action, or a favorable mention of a person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recomendación","language_family":"latin","root":"commendare","root_meaning":"to commit to one's charge, entrust, praise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recommendation","meaning":"a suggestion or proposal...","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"recommend","meaning":"to commend to another","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"recommander","meaning":"to recommend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recommendare","meaning":"to commend again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commendare","meaning":"to commit to one's charge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mandare","meaning":"to entrust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"manus","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dare","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commend","mandate","manual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggestion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proposal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorsement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"ed28f43e-267e-4d87-aa5b-37029fb9626d","word":"recommendations","definition":"Suggestions or proposals made as being good or advantageous.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recomendaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"commendare","root_meaning":"to commit to care, entrust","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recommendations","meaning":"suggestions, proposals","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"recommendation","meaning":"act of recommending","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"recommender","meaning":"to commend again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re + commendare","meaning":"again + to entrust, praise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recommend","recommendation","commend","commendable","commendation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggestions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proposals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endorsements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"advice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"8fa7211c-572e-4042-adda-cfd8f8415cfa","word":"recommended","definition":"Suggested as being good or suitable for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recomendado","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin commendare","root_meaning":"to entrust, commit to care","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recommended","meaning":"suggested as suitable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"recommend","meaning":"to praise, commend","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recommander","meaning":"to entrust again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"commendare","meaning":"to entrust, commend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recommend","commend","commendable","commendation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suggested","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advised","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endorsed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"56372343-b031-4fe5-b77d-f3db61a3f8f4","word":"reconcile","definition":"Reconcile means to restore friendly relations or make two things compatible.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reconciliar","language_family":"latin","root":"reconciliare","root_meaning":"to bring together again; win back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reconcile","meaning":"restore harmony or agreement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reconcilen","meaning":"to make friendly again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reconciliare","meaning":"to bring together again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conciliare","meaning":"to win over; bring together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reconciliation","reconcilable","reconciling","reconciled","conciliate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"settle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harmonize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mediate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"fd44a9b1-16cd-4652-a38f-6e8030f18940","word":"reconnaissance","definition":"A military or exploratory survey made to gather information about an area or situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reconocimiento","language_family":"french","root":"recognoscere","root_meaning":"to recognize; to know again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reconnaissance","meaning":"a military or exploratory survey made to gather information","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"reconnaissance","meaning":"recognition","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"reconnaître","meaning":"to recognize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recognoscere","meaning":"to recognize; to know again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recognize","recognition","recognizance","reconnoiter","recce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scouting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"survey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recon","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"a73408c6-e80c-4444-82c1-0a37d5dd53f8","word":"reconsider","definition":"Consider (something) again, especially for a possible change of decision or fresh review.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reconsiderar","language_family":"latin","root":"considerare","root_meaning":"to examine, to look at closely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reconsider","meaning":"Consider (something) again.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"re-consider","meaning":"to consider again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + considerare","meaning":"again + to examine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consider","consideration","considering","reconsideration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"review","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"re-evaluate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rethink","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"ecb1ce25-ce83-4097-a4b5-84f683e4e7fb","word":"reconstruction","definition":"The process of building or creating something again after it has been damaged or destroyed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reconstrucción","language_family":"latin","root":"re- construere","root_meaning":"build again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reconstruction","meaning":"The process of building again","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"reconstruct","meaning":"to construct again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- construere","meaning":"build again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["construct","structure","destruction","rebuild","construction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rebuilding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restoration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renewal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"3e63ff25-eb61-47cf-bbcb-41b0f465bd67","word":"record","definition":"Information or data collected and preserved; an account of events or facts; a phonograph album.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"registro","language_family":"latin","root":"recordari","root_meaning":"to remember, call back to mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"record","meaning":"preserved information or account","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"record","meaning":"to relate, recount","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recordari","meaning":"to remember, recall","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cor","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["records","recorded","recording","recorder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"account","formality":"formal"},{"word":"documentation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"log","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"0a59aa83-c2f6-450c-bf3b-c3d1f0e44934","word":"recorded","definition":"Made a permanent account or evidence of something in writing or other medium.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"grabado","language_family":"latin","root":"recordari","root_meaning":"to remember, recall","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recorded","meaning":"made a record of","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"record","meaning":"to set down in writing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recordare","meaning":"to remember","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recordari","meaning":"to remember","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["record","recorder","recordable","recording"],"synonyms":[{"word":"documented","formality":"formal"},{"word":"registered","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transcribed","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"2f7cd5e6-d4cb-4fb7-b335-d7df0aecfc35","word":"recorder","definition":"A device for recording sound, pictures, or data; a person who records official proceedings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recordar","language_family":"latin","root":"recordari","root_meaning":"to call to mind, recall, remember","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recorder","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"recorder","meaning":"one who records","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"record","meaning":"to commit to writing","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"recorder","meaning":"to remember","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recordari","meaning":"to recall, remember","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cor","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["record","remember","cordial","courage","accord"],"synonyms":[{"word":"logger","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scribe","formality":"literary"},{"word":"registrar","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"2a8e1b63-9e74-4938-8f68-1a58032bab49","word":"recording","definition":"A reproduction of sound or video that has been captured and stored on a medium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"grabación","language_family":"latin","root":"recordari","root_meaning":"to remember, to recall","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recording","meaning":"captured sound or video","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"record","meaning":"to set down in writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recordari","meaning":"to remember","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["record","recorder","recorded","records","recording studio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tape","formality":"informal"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documentation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"capture","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"17a945e6-67f8-4300-8fe3-c74220e1a538","word":"records","definition":"Plural of record; multiple items of preserved information, accounts, or data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"registros","language_family":"latin","root":"recordari","root_meaning":"to remember, call back to mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"records","meaning":"multiple preserved accounts or data","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"record","meaning":"to relate, recount","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recordari","meaning":"to remember, recall","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["record","recorded","recording","recorder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accounts","formality":"formal"},{"word":"files","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documents","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"8e61e33f-b7fc-4025-82e4-e44b1c283035","word":"recover","definition":"To regain possession or control of something lost or stolen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recuperar","language_family":"latin","root":"recuperare","root_meaning":"to take back, regain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recover","meaning":"to regain possession","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"recovrer","meaning":"to regain, find again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recuperare","meaning":"to take back, regain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recovery","cover","discover","uncover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"retrieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repossess","formality":"formal"},{"word":"restore","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"6b004f04-960c-4e03-b272-aa28aabf4291","word":"recovery","definition":"The process of returning to a normal state of health, mind, or strength after illness, difficulty, or damage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recuperación","language_family":"latin","root":"recuperare","root_meaning":"to recover, restore","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re- + *capere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recovery","meaning":"return to health or normalcy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"recover","meaning":"to regain, restore","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recovrer","meaning":"to recover, restore","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recuperare","meaning":"to recover, restore","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recover","recoverable","recoup","recuperate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"healing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recuperation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"restoration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"c9f045d3-b766-4fae-9ddf-6dc9bf1a6b96","word":"recreate","definition":"To create again, or to refresh and revive something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recrear","language_family":"latin","root":"recreāre","root_meaning":"to restore, revive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recreate","meaning":"to create again or to refresh","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"recreate","meaning":"to restore or refresh","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recreāre","meaning":"to restore, revive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"creāre","meaning":"to make, bring forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["create","creation","creative","recreation","recreative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"refresh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"5ec165ce-6a43-4a5c-a29e-4fc5e22d97ca","word":"recreation","definition":"An activity undertaken for enjoyment or relaxation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recreación","language_family":"latin","root":"recreare","root_meaning":"to create again, refresh","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"recreation","meaning":"refreshment, amusement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recreation","meaning":"refreshment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recreare","meaning":"to create again, refresh","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to create","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["recreate","recreational","recreating","recreations"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leisure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"amusement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entertainment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastime","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"31432d22-c4ab-492e-8c8a-89aaeeb4b0de","word":"recreational","definition":"Relating to or denoting activity done for enjoyment when not working.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"recreacional","language_family":"latin","root":"recreare","root_meaning":"to create anew, refresh","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recreational","meaning":"for recreation","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"recreation","meaning":"refreshment, amusement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recreatio","meaning":"restoration, recovery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recreare","meaning":"to create anew","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"creare","meaning":"to create","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recreation","re-create","creative","recreationalist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leisure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amusement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diverting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"33aa6798-bac4-4cc8-92f7-73fcde4d9dc5","word":"recruit","definition":"To enlist someone in the armed forces or another organization.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reclutar","language_family":"french","root":"recrescere","root_meaning":"to grow again, to recover","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recruit","meaning":"to enlist","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"recruter","meaning":"to re-enlist, replenish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recrescere","meaning":"to grow again, recover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["crescent","increase","decrease","creation","accretion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enlist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conscript","formality":"formal"},{"word":"draft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"ca6b2490-2afe-42f3-b685-834d896760c5","word":"recruitment","definition":"The action of enlisting new people, typically for the armed forces or an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reclutamiento","language_family":"french","root":"recrescere","root_meaning":"to grow again, grow back","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"600s","proto_root":"*kreh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recruitment","meaning":"The action of enlisting new people, typically for the armed forces or an organization.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"recruit","meaning":"to levy new soldiers","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"recruter","meaning":"to recruit, raise new troops","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"recrue","meaning":"new growth, fresh soldier","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"recrescere","meaning":"to grow again, grow back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*kreh₁-","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recruit","crescent","increase","decrease","accrue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hiring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enlistment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"staffing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enrollment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"1084f9f1-51af-49bd-a8eb-98f84b0e4673","word":"recycle","definition":"Convert (waste) into reusable material.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reciclar","language_family":"latin","root":"re-","root_meaning":"again, back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*kʷekʷlos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"recycle","meaning":"Convert (waste) into reusable material.","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"17th century","word":"cycle","meaning":"a series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order","children":[{"era":"Medieval","word":"cyclus","meaning":"circle","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"kyklos","meaning":"circle, wheel","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cycle","bicycle","cyclical","encyclical","unicycle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reprocess","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reclaim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"d41797e9-924b-440a-9e24-b65ea6331906","word":"red","definition":"The color of blood or the longest visible wavelength of light.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rēad","root_meaning":"red, reddish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁rewdʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"red","meaning":"the color of blood","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"red","meaning":"red, reddish","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*raudaz","meaning":"red","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*h₁rewdʰ-","meaning":"to redden, red","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["redden","ruddy","rouge","rust","robust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crimson","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scarlet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruby","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cardinal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"ef220245-7f98-4687-a32d-5eefaf4d13c3","word":"redeem","definition":"Compensate for the faults or bad aspects of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"redimir","language_family":"latin","root":"redimere","root_meaning":"to buy back, repurchase, ransom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*em-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"redeem","meaning":"to save, to buy back","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"redimer","meaning":"to redeem","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"redimere","meaning":"to buy back (re- 'back' + emere 'buy')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["redemption","redeemer","ransom","exempt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reclaim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atone","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"2aafcb80-e41c-4bc9-8fa6-8a1f0e77018b","word":"redemption","definition":"The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil; an act of atoning for a fault or mistake.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"redención","language_family":"latin","root":"redimere","root_meaning":"to buy back, repurchase","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"redemption","meaning":"act of redeeming or being redeemed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"redemptio","meaning":"a buying back, ransoming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"redimere","meaning":"to buy back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"emere","meaning":"to buy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["redeem","exempt","pre-emption","ransom","purchase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"salvation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"atonement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deliverance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rescue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"ce81d7d7-62c2-4d3d-a6f3-c24bc73341bd","word":"redhead","definition":"A person with red hair.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"read + heafod","root_meaning":"red + head","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hreudh- / *kaput-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"redhead","meaning":"person with red hair","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"red","meaning":"red","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"read","meaning":"red","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*raudaz","meaning":"red","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*hreudh-","meaning":"red, ruddy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"head","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heafod","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*haubudą","meaning":"head","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kaput-","meaning":"head","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["red","headed","strawberry blonde","ginger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ginger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carrot top","formality":"informal"},{"word":"auburn-haired","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"3b85d853-8ae9-4443-9f37-4acb0d8f181d","word":"reduce","definition":"To make or become smaller in size, amount, or degree.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reducir","language_family":"latin","root":"reducere","root_meaning":"to lead back, bring back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reduce","meaning":"to make smaller","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"reduce","meaning":"to bring back, restore","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reducere","meaning":"to lead back, bring back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + ducere","meaning":"back + to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reduction","reducer","reduced","reducible","reducing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decrease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"c54fdf62-a5e8-4e7f-a32b-0c88c853307e","word":"reduced","definition":"Made smaller in size, amount, or degree.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"reducido","language_family":"latin","root":"reducere","root_meaning":"to lead back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reduced","meaning":"made smaller or lessened","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reduce","meaning":"to bring back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reducere","meaning":"to lead back; re- + ducere","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reduce","reduction","reducer","reducing","irreducible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diminished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lessened","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decreased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lowered","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"e997eb98-daf7-4d29-8b1c-b4e38f604b19","word":"reduction","definition":"The action or process of making something smaller in size, amount, degree, or importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reducción","language_family":"latin","root":"reducere","root_meaning":"to lead back, to bring back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reduction","meaning":"act of making smaller or less","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reduction","meaning":"act of reducing, decrease","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"reductio","meaning":"a leading back, restoration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reducere","meaning":"to lead back, from re- (back) + ducere (to lead)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reduce","reducing","reducer","reduced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decrease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cutback","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"55cb4d21-754c-4366-a8ec-1e7b8cd12867","word":"reed","definition":"A tall, slender-leaved plant of the grass family that grows in water or on marshy ground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hrēod","root_meaning":"reed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hrautaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reed","meaning":"type of grass","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hreod","meaning":"reed","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hrautaz","meaning":"reed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reedy","reeds","reed-pipe","cane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sedge","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cane","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"94012de8-d56e-4875-9dae-7c454c08b8cf","word":"reef","definition":"A ridge of rocks, sand, or coral at or near the surface of the water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"rif","root_meaning":"rib, sandbank","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hreybʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reef","meaning":"submerged ridge","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rif","meaning":"reef, sandbank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rif","meaning":"rib, sandbank","children":[{"era":"PIE","word":"*hreybʰ-","meaning":"to scratch, tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic/PIE"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rib","ripple","ridge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sandbar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shoal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coral formation","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"1aeac3be-9fd9-40ec-93e3-55a206b4b647","word":"reel","definition":"A cylinder or spool on which film, wire, or thread is wound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"hræll","root_meaning":"spool, spindle","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reel","meaning":"A cylinder on which film or thread is wound.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hreol","meaning":"reel, spool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hræll","meaning":"spool, spindle","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spool","coil","winding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bobbin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"winding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"575673b3-017d-4a8e-8613-2718881d365c","word":"reeve","definition":"A reeve is a historical English local official or steward, especially a village headman or bailiff.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gerefa","root_meaning":"steward; official","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reeve","meaning":"a historical English local official or steward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English gerefa","meaning":"steward, official","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shire-reeve","portreeve","reeveship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bailiff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overseer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"3b5322b4-d939-41b1-b6df-4293b014aa13","word":"refer","definition":"To mention or make reference to something, or to direct someone to another person or source.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"referir","language_family":"latin","root":"referre","root_meaning":"to carry back, bring back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"refer","meaning":"to mention or direct to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"to carry back, bring back, report","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + ferre","meaning":"back + to carry","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*bher-","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reference","referral","referring","defer","prefer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mention","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"allude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"cf4f245e-ed71-48eb-9441-4d19e5d0239d","word":"referee","definition":"A person who ensures that rules are followed in a contest or dispute.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"referir","language_family":"latin","root":"ferre","root_meaning":"carry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"referee","meaning":"a person who ensures that rules are followed in a contest or dispute","children":[{"era":"classical to modern","word":"refer","meaning":"carry back; direct to; consult","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"refer-ee","meaning":"one to whom a matter is referred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"carry back; report","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"carry","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*bher-","meaning":"carry; bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Latin/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["refer","reference","referral","referential","referent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"umpire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arbiter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adjudicator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"84d1f7c9-c0b3-478e-b0f8-b2dcf58d95b2","word":"reference","definition":"A mention or allude to something; a source consulted or cited.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"referencia","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin referre","root_meaning":"to carry back, relate, report","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reference","meaning":"mention or source cited","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reference","meaning":"act of referring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"to carry back, relate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["references","referred","referral","referent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"citation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mention","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"dfa40047-aa59-4fdd-bfbb-7b0725a860d3","word":"references","definition":"Plural of reference; mentions or citations of a source, or people who provide recommendations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"referencias","language_family":"latin","root":"referre","root_meaning":"to carry back or relate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"references","meaning":"plural of reference","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reference","meaning":"a mention or source cited","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"referentia","meaning":"a bringing back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"to carry back, relate, report","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reference","refer","referent","referral","referenced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"citations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sources","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allusions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mentions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"b88f45a6-e515-4003-8277-a67d70ab1368","word":"referral","definition":"The act of referring someone or something for consultation, review, or further action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"referencia","language_family":"latin","root":"referre","root_meaning":"to carry back, to report","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"referral","meaning":"Act of referring","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"refer","meaning":"To consult, to send to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"To carry back, report, deliver","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"Back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"To bear, carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reference","transfer","confer","ferry","infer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recommendation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reference","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"496b01fc-5c29-444a-84c1-df475b5d04e7","word":"referred","definition":"Mentioned or alluded to something, or directed someone to another source or person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"referido","language_family":"latin","root":"referre","root_meaning":"to carry back, to report, to allude","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"referred","meaning":"mentioned, alluded, or directed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"refer","meaning":"to assign, to allude, to mention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"to carry back, to report, from re- (back) + ferre (to carry)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["refer","referring","reference","referee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mentioned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alluded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"directed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"4ed166c9-9628-495f-851e-e69b4344af0a","word":"refinance","definition":"To finance something again, typically with a new loan at a lower interest rate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"refinanciar","language_family":"latin","root":"finis","root_meaning":"end, limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"refinance","meaning":"To finance something again, typically with a new loan at a lower interest rate.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1500s","word":"finance","meaning":"management of money","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"finer","meaning":"to pay ransom, to settle a debt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"finis","meaning":"end, settlement","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["finance","financial","fin","final"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remortgage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"consolidate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restructure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"5628b944-4d6e-4549-a5c4-d870fa229b27","word":"reflect","definition":"To cast back light, heat, or sound without absorbing it; to think deeply or carefully about something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reflejar","language_family":"latin","root":"reflectere","root_meaning":"to bend back, turn back, turn away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reflect","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"reflecir","meaning":"to bend back, turn back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reflectere","meaning":"to bend back, turn back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"flectere","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reflection","reflector","flexible","inflection","deflect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mirror","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ponder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meditate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consider","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"9b4364c3-21e9-415c-8833-70de8f15b13e","word":"reflection","definition":"The throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat, or sound without absorbing it. Also, serious thought or consideration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reflexión","language_family":"latin","root":"reflectere","root_meaning":"bend back, turn back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reflection","meaning":"image thrown back; thought","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reflection","meaning":"reflection, consideration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reflectio","meaning":"bending back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reflectere","meaning":"to bend back, turn back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"flectere","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reflect","flexible","deflect","genuflect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mirror","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contemplation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"6c11affe-c530-4c2f-b651-3e2024a50749","word":"reflex","definition":"A bending back, especially a reflected image or an involuntary response.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reflejo","language_family":"latin","root":"reflexus","root_meaning":"a bending back","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reflex","meaning":"a reflected image or involuntary response","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reflexus","meaning":"a bending back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reflectere","meaning":"to bend back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"flectere","meaning":"to bend","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reflect","reflection","reflexive","reflexology","flex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reflection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rebound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"response","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"a9b978e2-d696-46e8-be13-0d1fb8e870bd","word":"refrain","definition":"To refrain is to hold oneself back from doing something or to stop an action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"refrenar","language_family":"latin","root":"frenum","root_meaning":"bridle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"refrain","meaning":"hold back; abstain","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"refrener","meaning":"to restrain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"refrenare","meaning":"to curb with a bridle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"frenum","meaning":"bridle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["refrainment","refrained","refraining","refrainable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abstain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"desist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forbear","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"6d2af8ab-c30d-4359-bbf0-8bc79c5fc526","word":"refrigerator","definition":"An appliance or compartment that is artificially kept cool and used to store food and drink.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"refrigerador","language_family":"latin","root":"re-, frigus","root_meaning":"back, again; cold","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"refrigerator","meaning":"cooling appliance","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"refrigerate","meaning":"to make cold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"refrigerare","meaning":"to make cool again, refresh","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"frigus","meaning":"cold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["refrigerate","refreshment","frigid","refrigeration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fridge","formality":"informal"},{"word":"icebox","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cooler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"c6acb993-542e-4d04-848a-e7b9a4177d3b","word":"refuge","definition":"The state of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"refugio","language_family":"french","root":"refugium","root_meaning":"a fleeing back, a place of escape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"refuge","meaning":"The state of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or difficulty.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"refuge","meaning":"shelter, protection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"refugium","meaning":"a fleeing back, a place of escape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fugue","fugitive","subterfuge","refugia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanctuary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"haven","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"3d9ad87e-eaa1-4440-b959-203e84775011","word":"refund","definition":"To pay back money, typically to a customer who is not satisfied with goods or services bought.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"refundere","root_meaning":"to pour back, restore","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"refund","meaning":"To pay back money","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"refunden","meaning":"to pour back","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"refondre","meaning":"to pour back, restore","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"refundere","meaning":"to pour back, restore","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix"},{"era":"classical","word":"fundere","meaning":"to pour","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foundry","fusion","effusive","diffuse","confuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reimburse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"repay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"return","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"4829360d-1d0f-4867-91d7-48fba1ea1e84","word":"refuse","definition":"To decline to accept, consent to, or do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"rehusar","language_family":"french","root":"recusare","root_meaning":"to object, to decline","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"refuse","meaning":"to decline","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"refuser","meaning":"to refuse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recusare","meaning":"to object, to decline","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"causa","meaning":"cause, reason","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["refusal","recuse","causal","accusation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reject","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deny","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"dcdab289-c499-4269-8bdc-1fca0992e882","word":"regain","definition":"To get something back, especially something lost or taken away; to recover.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reganar","language_family":"french","root":"re- + gaaignier","root_meaning":"again + to win/gain","root_language":"Latin/Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regain","meaning":"to get back","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"regain","meaning":"to win back","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"regaignier","meaning":"to win back, retrieve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"12th century","word":"gaaignier","meaning":"to win, gain","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gain","again","warranty","wage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retrieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reacquire","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"246bb53b-394e-4968-b9bf-87ea5f6f5994","word":"regarding","definition":"Concerning or relating to; with respect to.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"respecto","language_family":"germanic","root":"regarde","root_meaning":"to look at, consider","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regarding","meaning":"concerning, with respect to","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"regard","meaning":"to look at, consider","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"regarde","meaning":"to look at, pay attention","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regard","regards","regarded","regardful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concerning","formality":"formal"},{"word":"about","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"with respect to","formality":"formal"},{"word":"respecting","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"9101d335-63b2-44e0-aad1-40214f1b241f","word":"regent","definition":"A person who rules in place of a monarch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regente","language_family":"latin","root":"regent-","root_meaning":"ruling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃reǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regent","meaning":"a person who rules in place of a monarch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regent-","meaning":"ruling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to rule, direct","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*h₃reǵ-","meaning":"to direct, straighten, rule","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regency","regnant","regulate","regimen","regal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"governor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administrator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"924a84ce-29c8-4de2-81e7-f8e30b278db4","word":"reggae","definition":"A style of popular music with a strongly accented offbeat, originating in Jamaica in the late 1960s.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"regga","root_meaning":"a common term for 'ragged rhythm'","root_language":"Jamaican English / Creole","root_era":"1960s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reggae","meaning":"music genre","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"reggae","meaning":"musical style","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"streggae","meaning":"scruffy woman","children":[],"language":"Jamaican slang"}],"language":"Jamaican English/Creole"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ska","rocksteady","calypso","mento"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ska","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dancehall","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Caribbean music","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"63064291-c360-4e9f-8caf-78cfd26a5253","word":"regime","definition":"A system of government or rule, especially an authoritarian one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"régimen","language_family":"french","root":"regimen","root_meaning":"rule, guidance, a system of rules","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regime","meaning":"A system of government or rule.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"régime","meaning":"rule, administration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regimen","meaning":"rule, guidance, a system of rules","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to rule, to guide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regimen","regulate","regent","rectify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"government","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"a378d0da-3023-4d86-962f-35cf1fd52b17","word":"regiment","definition":"A permanent unit of an army, typically commanded by a colonel and divided into several companies, squadrons, or troops.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"regimen","root_meaning":"rule, government","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regiment","meaning":"military unit","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"regiment","meaning":"rule, government, military unit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regimen","meaning":"rule, government, system of rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regime","regulate","regent","regal","rectify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"battalion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corps","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"55ec3c96-bc56-4e0c-9856-35570f6043db","word":"region","definition":"An area, especially a part of a country or the world with identifiable characteristics or boundaries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"región","language_family":"latin","root":"regio","root_meaning":"direction, boundary, district","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"region","meaning":"area with defined boundaries","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"region","meaning":"area, territory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regio","meaning":"direction, boundary, district","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to rule, direct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regional","regions","regionally","regionalism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"territory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"district","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"0cde695f-2af6-4075-96e8-6786a9a37196","word":"regional","definition":"Relating to or affecting a particular region or area.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"regional","language_family":"latin","root":"regio","root_meaning":"direction, region","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regional","meaning":"relating to a specific region","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"regional","meaning":"of a region","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regio","meaning":"direction, region, boundary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["region","regions","regionally","regionalism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"local","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"territorial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"geographic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"98622109-d1e8-4915-a8c2-7e55f246292a","word":"regions","definition":"Large areas of land or space with identifiable characteristics or boundaries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regiones","language_family":"latin","root":"regere","root_meaning":"to rule, to direct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regions","meaning":"distinct areas of land","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"region","meaning":"area under governance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regio","meaning":"boundary, direction, area","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["region","regional","regulate","regime","regent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"areas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"territories","formality":"formal"},{"word":"zones","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"districts","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"6e6453eb-8810-43cd-8706-9808b54c3bde","word":"register","definition":"A record or list of items, or to record officially in a register.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"registro","language_family":"latin","root":"registrum","root_meaning":"record, list","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"register","meaning":"record or list","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"registrum","meaning":"record, list","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regestum","meaning":"recorded, entered","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["registration","registered","registrar","registry","regist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enrollment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ledger","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"e35ef252-1900-43a1-b85c-2e6cead903a9","word":"registered","definition":"Officially recorded or listed; recorded in an official register.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"registrado","language_family":"latin","root":"registrum","root_meaning":"official record","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"registered","meaning":"officially recorded","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"register","meaning":"official record","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"registrum","meaning":"official record","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["register","registrar","registration","registry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recorded","formality":"formal"},{"word":"listed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documented","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"9ebb8e5d-bcd6-44a4-85af-e29d512b79ef","word":"registrar","definition":"An official responsible for keeping a register or official records.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"registrar","language_family":"latin","root":"registrare","root_meaning":"to record, to register","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"registrar","meaning":"An official responsible for keeping a register or official records.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"register","meaning":"to record, to enroll","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regesta","meaning":"recorded things","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["register","registry","registration","registered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recorder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"archivist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clerk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"050d01a9-4fcf-487d-93dc-c637275f66f8","word":"registration","definition":"The process of recording or enrolling something officially.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"registro","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin registrare","root_meaning":"to record in a register","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"registration","meaning":"official recording or enrollment","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"registration","meaning":"act of registering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"registratio","meaning":"recording in a register","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"registrare","meaning":"to record, enter in register","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["register","registered","registrar","enroll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enrollment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recording","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entry","formality":"formal"},{"word":"listing","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"f7944645-df77-40b5-9d1d-4c50afa54a88","word":"registry","definition":"A place where records are kept; a book or system for official records.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"registro","language_family":"latin","root":"registrare","root_meaning":"to record, to register","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*ger-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Registry","meaning":"place for records","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"registre","meaning":"register","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"registrum","meaning":"register","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"registrare","meaning":"to record","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gesta","meaning":"deeds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gerere","meaning":"to carry, to bear, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["register","registration","regimen","gestation","gentry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"archive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repository","formality":"technical"},{"word":"log","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"f5d86fc3-db7e-41c8-ae49-14b64bcc826e","word":"regression","definition":"A return to a former or less developed state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regresión","language_family":"latin","root":"gradi","root_meaning":"to step, to go","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ghredh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regression","meaning":"return to former state","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"regression","meaning":"a going back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regressus","meaning":"a going back (past participle of regredi)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gradi","meaning":"to step, to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regress","aggressive","progress","degrade","ingredient","grade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reversion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retrogression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relapse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"d8dc6204-428a-4e90-a066-d67316d16e0a","word":"regular","definition":"Occurring at fixed intervals; normal, expected, or consistent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"regular","language_family":"latin","root":"regula","root_meaning":"rule, straight edge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regular","meaning":"occurring at fixed intervals","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reguler","meaning":"according to rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regula","meaning":"rule, straight edge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*reg-","meaning":"to direct, guide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regulate","regulation","regularly","regularity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consistent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"normal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"habitual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"periodic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"e935caa9-3336-4b9f-b18f-c01a927bc1ca","word":"regulate","definition":"To control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"regular","language_family":"latin","root":"regula","root_meaning":"straight edge, rule, pattern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regulate","meaning":"To control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regulata","meaning":"regulated, established","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regula","meaning":"straight edge, rule, pattern","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regulation","regular","regal","regime","rectify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"govern","formality":"formal"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"e5ea778f-65ef-40b2-ba3d-00b2254f2076","word":"regulation","definition":"An official rule or order issued by an authority to control or manage behavior or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regulación","language_family":"latin","root":"regulare","root_meaning":"to rule, to make regular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regulation","meaning":"official rule or order","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"regulation","meaning":"act of regulating, control","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"regulatio","meaning":"a regulating, management","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regulare","meaning":"to rule, make regular","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regulate","regular","regulator","regulatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"requirement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"cecc1dbc-d705-4ca4-a015-b6ab6a705cb2","word":"regulations","definition":"Official rules or orders issued by an authority to control behavior or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regulaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"regulatus","root_meaning":"made straight or orderly, controlled","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"regulations","meaning":"official rules or orders","children":[{"era":"1300s-1500s","word":"regulation","meaning":"a rule or order","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"regulatus","meaning":"made straight, controlled","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regulate","regulatory","regulation","deregulation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rules","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinances","formality":"formal"},{"word":"statutes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guidelines","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"8227b5eb-017d-4797-9c79-957badad0f88","word":"rehabilitation","definition":"The action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rehabilitación","language_family":"latin","root":"rehabilitare","root_meaning":"to restore, to re-enable","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rehabilitation","meaning":"The action of restoring someone to health or normal life","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rehabilitation","meaning":"restoration to former rank or state","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rehabilitare","meaning":"to restore, re-enable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix"},{"era":"classical","word":"habilis","meaning":"apt, fit, able","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin/Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ability","able","habit","habilitate","disable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recovery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restoration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reintegration","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"9d84c3f6-c17e-4ef9-980b-8e528971234b","word":"rehearsal","definition":"A practice or trial performance of a play, concert, or other work in preparation for a public presentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rehercier","root_meaning":"to harrow again, to repeat","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rehearsal","meaning":"A practice performance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rehearse","meaning":"to repeat, to recite","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rehercier","meaning":"to harrow again, to repeat","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rehearse","herse","harrow","reiterate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"session","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"run-through","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"dfe5cbc2-d206-4ca4-8dab-486b35d5ce50","word":"rehearse","definition":"To practice a play, piece of music, or other work for public performance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rehercier","root_meaning":"to rake over again, to repeat","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kerk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rehearse","meaning":"practice a performance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rehercier","meaning":"to rake over again, repeat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"hercier","meaning":"to rake","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"herce","meaning":"harrow","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kerk-","meaning":"to turn, to bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rehearsal","hearse","herce","recur","rehash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prepare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"bdeebac9-12a3-4504-b7b8-d060b83ab350","word":"reign","definition":"The period during which a sovereign rules.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reino","language_family":"french","root":"regnum","root_meaning":"royal power, kingdom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reign","meaning":"period of rule","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reigne","meaning":"royal power, kingdom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regnum","meaning":"royal power, kingdom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regal","region","sovereign","regent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dominion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereignty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"governance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"c571143c-a37b-4759-a877-20a6b1c96062","word":"reincarnation","definition":"The belief or doctrine that the soul is reborn into a new body after death; also a person or thing regarded as the reborn embodiment of a previous one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reencarnación","language_family":"latin","root":"caro / carnis","root_meaning":"flesh, meat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*(s)ker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reincarnation","meaning":"rebirth of the soul in a new body","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"réincarnation","meaning":"rebirth in flesh","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"re- + incarnatio","meaning":"again + embodiment in flesh","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"incarnare","meaning":"to make flesh, to embody","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caro / carnis","meaning":"flesh","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*(s)ker-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["incarnate","incarnation","carnal","carnivore","carnival"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metempsychosis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"transmigration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rebirth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"palingenesis","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"89875070-d3b2-4bda-85a2-7a5e820a146e","word":"reindeer","definition":"A large deer with antlers, native to arctic and subarctic regions, often domesticated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"hreinn, dyra","root_meaning":"reindeer, animal","root_language":"Old Norse, Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kreh₁yos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reindeer","meaning":"A large deer with antlers","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hreinn","meaning":"reindeer","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dyra","meaning":"animal","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deer","elk","caribou","hart"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caribou","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cervine","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"ebc26d04-d55b-4373-bbbc-3f0bb3a65279","word":"reject","definition":"To dismiss as inadequate, unacceptable, or faulty, or to refuse to accept.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"reicere","root_meaning":"to throw back, to cast off","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reject","meaning":"to refuse to accept","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reicere","meaning":"to throw back, throw away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"iacere","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["object","project","inject","subject","eject"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dismiss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spurn","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"bd37960a-f362-4ad7-b53e-d543b4a70542","word":"rejection","definition":"The act of refusing, dismissing, or not accepting something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"iacere","root_meaning":"to throw","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rejection","meaning":"the act or state of rejecting","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"reject","meaning":"to throw back; refuse to accept","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rejectus","meaning":"thrown back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + iacere","meaning":"back + to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reject","rejected","rejecting","rejective","rejector"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refusal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"denial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repudiation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"3d6b0bb9-32a8-4784-8e82-f4b6e5467c35","word":"rejoice","definition":"To feel or show great joy.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"gaudēre","root_meaning":"to rejoice or be glad","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rejoice","meaning":"to feel or show great joy","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"rejoir / rejoiss-","meaning":"to rejoice or delight","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"re- + joir","meaning":"again + to enjoy or rejoice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gaudēre","meaning":"to rejoice or be glad","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["joy","joyful","joyous","rejoicing","enjoy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exult","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gladden","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"617289ec-063b-410e-a3c6-5a920d5fe957","word":"related","definition":"Connected by family ties; having a significant connection or association with something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"relacionado","language_family":"latin","root":"referre","root_meaning":"to carry back, refer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"related","meaning":"connected by family or association","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"relate","meaning":"to tell, recount, connect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relatus","meaning":"brought back, told","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"to carry back, refer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relate","relation","relative","relativity","correlation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"associated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"linked","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"921242d9-5200-43d7-b17a-45dcaa8c85e3","word":"relation","definition":"The way in which two or more people or things are connected.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relación","language_family":"latin","root":"relatio","root_meaning":"a bringing back, a reporting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relation","meaning":"connection between things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relacion","meaning":"statement, report","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relatio","meaning":"a bringing back, a reporting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + ferre","meaning":"back + to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relative","relate","relationship","relational","refer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"link","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"aabc53ac-9ce5-4892-b664-c0bdf22bf6ca","word":"relations","definition":"Connections or dealings between people, groups, or countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"relatus","root_meaning":"brought back, related","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relations","meaning":"connections between parties","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"relation","meaning":"connection, narrative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relatus","meaning":"brought back, related","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relate","relationship","relative","relational"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connections","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dealings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ties","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"4f6bdcbd-8ece-48ef-8f6d-b555d48d45b8","word":"relationship","definition":"The way two or more people or things are connected or interact with each other.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relación","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin relatio","root_meaning":"a bringing back, relation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relationship","meaning":"connection between people or things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relation","meaning":"the act of relating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relatio","meaning":"a bringing back, relation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English/Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relate","relation","relative","related"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"association","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"cdb8723d-701f-40a6-959d-3b6ed2fbcfb5","word":"relationships","definition":"The state of being connected or associated with other people or things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"relatio","root_meaning":"a bringing back, connection","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relationships","meaning":"connections between people or things","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"relationship","meaning":"connection, association","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"relate","meaning":"to tell, to connect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relatus","meaning":"brought back, connected","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relate","related","relative","relation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"connection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"association","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"5f37a76e-9f3a-483c-b4f5-2ab442122d99","word":"relative","definition":"A person connected by blood or marriage; also, considered in relation to something else rather than independently.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relativo","language_family":"latin","root":"relatus","root_meaning":"brought back, related","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*telh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relative","meaning":"family member or comparative","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"relative","meaning":"having reference to something else","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relatif","meaning":"relating or having relation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relatus","meaning":"brought back, related","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"referre","meaning":"to carry back, refer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relation","relate","relationship","correlate","refer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"family member","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kinsman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comparative","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"ad5f07e8-1572-42b3-baec-df88eaadf870","word":"relax","definition":"To make or become less tense, rigid, or anxious; to rest and ease effort.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"relajar","language_family":"latin","root":"relaxare","root_meaning":"to loosen, stretch out again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relax","meaning":"to rest, become less tense","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"relaxen","meaning":"to loosen, mitigate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relaxare","meaning":"to loosen, widen, open","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + laxare","meaning":"again + to loosen (from laxus, slack)","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*sleg-","meaning":"to be slack, languid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relaxation","relaxed","lax","laxity","release"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unwind","formality":"informal"},{"word":"rest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decompress","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.565Z"}
{"id":"c1a85e56-b43f-4b87-b978-87eacb315f1d","word":"relaxation","definition":"The state of being free from tension and anxiety.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relajación","language_family":"latin","root":"relaxare","root_meaning":"to loosen, unbend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relaxation","meaning":"The state of being free from tension","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relaxacion","meaning":"relaxation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relaxatio","meaning":"a loosening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relaxare","meaning":"to loosen, unbend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"laxare","meaning":"to loosen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relax","relaxed","lax","laxity","release","delay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leisure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"bfafc5c6-be5b-4227-8717-34a18a4decb1","word":"release","definition":"To set free or allow something to become available.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"releasar","language_family":"french","root":"laxare","root_meaning":"to loosen or relax","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"release","meaning":"to set free or make available","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"release","meaning":"to let go or set free","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"relacher","meaning":"to loosen or release","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"laxare","meaning":"to loosen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["released","releasing","releasable","releaser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liberate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discharge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.380Z"}
{"id":"410a6eb2-f61f-47ce-90fb-a9708faf7d8f","word":"released","definition":"Set free or allowed to depart.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"liberado","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin laxus","root_meaning":"loose, slack","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"released","meaning":"set free","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"release","meaning":"to set free","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relaisse","meaning":"to loosen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relaxare","meaning":"to loosen","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["release","relax","lax","laxity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"freed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discharged","formality":"formal"},{"word":"let go","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"0f521ebb-0640-4f4e-8162-a47db54be794","word":"releases","definition":"Sets free or makes available for public use or distribution.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"libera","language_family":"french","root":"laisser","root_meaning":"to let, allow, leave","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"releases","meaning":"sets free","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"release","meaning":"to let go, relinquish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relaisier","meaning":"to let go, leave behind","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"laisser","meaning":"to let, allow, leave","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["release","relax","relinquish","lease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frees","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discharges","formality":"formal"},{"word":"publishes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"7257bcbe-d9b9-477e-b0e0-37ba8e361a13","word":"relentless","definition":"Not softening or yielding, especially in a way that shows no pity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"lentus","root_meaning":"slow, supple, pliant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relentless","meaning":"not yielding or showing pity","children":[{"era":"late 14c.","word":"relent","meaning":"to soften or become less harsh","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"lentus","meaning":"slow, viscous, supple","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"suffix meaning lacking or without","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lausaz","meaning":"devoid of, free from","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relent","relented","relenting","relentlessly","relentlessness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unyielding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inexorable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merciless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unsparing","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"5f330917-88f7-4793-8fcc-1fad3f75119e","word":"relevance","definition":"The quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate to what is being considered or done.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relevancia","language_family":"latin","root":"re-, levare","root_meaning":"again/back, to lighten/raise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-, *legʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relevance","meaning":"The quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"relevant","meaning":"relevant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relevans","meaning":"lifting, raising","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"levare","meaning":"to lighten, raise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relevant","relieve","elevate","levee","levy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pertinence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"significance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"applicability","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"importance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"93943286-c03b-46a7-91ce-de600fdf2a69","word":"relevant","definition":"Closely connected or appropriate to what is currently being discussed or considered.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"relevante","language_family":"latin","root":"relevare","root_meaning":"to lift up, alleviate, or relieve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relevant","meaning":"appropriate or closely connected","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"relevant","meaning":"pertinent or applicable","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"relevans","meaning":"lifting up, relieving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relevare","meaning":"to lift up or alleviate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relevance","relevancy","relevantly","irrelevant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pertinent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"applicable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"germane","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"c19d6f01-c151-4e67-ac9b-5918a6f52e63","word":"reliable","definition":"Able to be trusted to do or provide what is needed or expected.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"relier","root_meaning":"to fasten, to tie","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*leig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reliable","meaning":"able to be trusted","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"rely","meaning":"to depend on","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relier","meaning":"to fasten, to tie, to rely on","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"religare","meaning":"to tie back, to fasten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rely","reliance","unreliable","ally","ligament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dependable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trustworthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consistent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steady","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"c6e4baad-2f3a-4495-9001-2722bf598823","word":"relic","definition":"Something surviving from the past, especially an object held sacred or remembered with reverence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reliquia","language_family":"french","root":"reliquiæ","root_meaning":"remains, remnants","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leikw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relic","meaning":"something surviving from the past","children":[{"era":"11c.","word":"Old French relique / relike","meaning":"relic; remains","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Late Latin reliquiæ","meaning":"the remains of a martyr; remnants","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin reliquus","meaning":"remaining; what is left","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relinquere","meaning":"to leave behind, forsake, abandon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*leikw-","meaning":"to leave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reliquary","relique","relinquish","relict","relinquishment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"artifact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remnant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keepsake","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"2ea94fdd-f41b-43f0-858d-ec1b4efe7934","word":"relief","definition":"The removal or alleviation of pain, distress, or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"relieve","language_family":"latin","root":"relevare","root_meaning":"to lift up, lighten, alleviate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"relief","meaning":"alleviation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relieve","meaning":"to lift up, lighten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relevare","meaning":"to lift up, alleviate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["relieve","relieved","reliever","reliefless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alleviation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consolation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"e65e8311-fd18-4194-8f9c-a6b94060d03e","word":"relieve","definition":"To cause pain, distress, or a problem to become less severe or serious.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"relevar","language_family":"latin","root":"relevare","root_meaning":"lift again, lighten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*legwh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relieve","meaning":"To make less severe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"relever","meaning":"to raise again, relieve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relevare","meaning":"to lift again, lighten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["elevator","lever","alleviate","relief","levitate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alleviate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mitigate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"d3253c4b-c3b5-4bab-b2f9-376cc02deb36","word":"religion","definition":"A system of faith, worship, and conduct based on beliefs about the sacred or divine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"religión","language_family":"latin","root":"religare","root_meaning":"to bind or tie back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"religion","meaning":"system of faith and worship","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"religion","meaning":"religious faith or devotion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"religio","meaning":"reverence or binding obligation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"religare","meaning":"to bind or tie","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["religious","religiously","religiosity","religionist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faith","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"belief system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirituality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"dcaf5fca-999c-470f-a2b6-e318c0a6742b","word":"religious","definition":"Relating to or believing in a religion; showing reverence or devotion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"religioso","language_family":"latin","root":"religio","root_meaning":"respect for the divine, reverence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"religious","meaning":"relating to religion or faith","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"religious","meaning":"pious, devout","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"religiosus","meaning":"devoted, pious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"religio","meaning":"reverence, respect for the divine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["religion","religiosity","religiously","religionless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devout","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spiritual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faithful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"b1153b9f-5a66-46a7-b139-dbc42da2ec92","word":"relive","definition":"To experience something again, especially in memory or imagination.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"libban","root_meaning":"to live","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leyp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"relive","meaning":"to experience again","children":[{"era":"current","word":"re- + live","meaning":"again + live","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"live","meaning":"to be alive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"libban","meaning":"to live","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*leyp-","meaning":"to stick; adhere","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["live","living","lived","alive","liveliness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reexperience","formality":"technical"},{"word":"replay","formality":"informal"},{"word":"recreate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"8d9939d8-79b7-4927-bda8-28fbcf7bc555","word":"reluctant","definition":"Unwilling or hesitant to do something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"reluctante","language_family":"latin","root":"reluctāns","root_meaning":"struggling against; resisting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reluctant","meaning":"Unwilling or hesitant to do something.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reluctāns","meaning":"struggling against; resisting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reluctor","meaning":"to struggle against, oppose, resist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + luctor","meaning":"back + to struggle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reluctance","reluctantly","reluctation","reluctancy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unwilling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disinclined","formality":"formal"},{"word":"loath","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"4e32f692-6f54-4a23-a282-d4606d43b828","word":"rely","definition":"To depend on someone or something with full trust or confidence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"ligare","root_meaning":"to bind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rely","meaning":"to depend on","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relier","meaning":"to tie fast, to attach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"religare","meaning":"to bind back, tie fast","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ligare","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ligament","oblige","ally","religion","rally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"count","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"b991fe94-7a2d-40ae-a935-9419f7b9e9be","word":"remain","definition":"To stay in the same place or state, or to be left after others are removed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"permanecer","language_family":"latin","root":"remanere","root_meaning":"to stay behind, remain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"remain","meaning":"to stay behind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"remanere","meaning":"to stay behind, remain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"manere","meaning":"to stay, dwell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"},"related_words":["remains","remaining","remainder","remained"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stay","formality":"informal"},{"word":"persist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"linger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"b8783803-f167-4f2f-af1a-e219eadf6989","word":"remainder","definition":"A part, quantity, or number that is left over after the other parts have been taken away or used.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"remanente","language_family":"latin","root":"remanere","root_meaning":"to remain, to stay back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remainder","meaning":"what is left","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"remeindre","meaning":"to remain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"remanere","meaning":"to stay back, remain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"manere","meaning":"to stay","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remain","remnant","remaining","pertain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residue","formality":"technical"},{"word":"leftover","formality":"informal"},{"word":"surplus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"7132c562-f196-477a-8088-af28a482a6fb","word":"remains","definition":"Parts or traces left after the main portion has been used, destroyed, or removed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"restos","language_family":"latin","root":"remanere","root_meaning":"to stay behind, be left over","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remains","meaning":"leftover parts or traces","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"remain","meaning":"to stay or continue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"remanere","meaning":"to stay behind, remain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + manere","meaning":"back + to stay, remain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remain","remainder","remnant","permanent","mansion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remnants","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"relics","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"9bb907c6-2f15-401a-8d29-bd93bd97fc4f","word":"remark","definition":"To say something as a comment; to notice or observe.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"remarcar","language_family":"french","root":"remarquer","root_meaning":"to mark again, to notice","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remark","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"remarquer","meaning":"to mark again, to notice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"marquer","meaning":"to mark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"marc","meaning":"mark, boundary","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mark","remarkable","comment","observe","notice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"note","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"95b81f33-a9e6-4609-9015-c9d98ba91d1a","word":"remarkable","definition":"Worthy of attention; striking.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"remarcable","language_family":"french","root":"remarquable","root_meaning":"noteworthy, deserving of remark","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remarkable","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"remarquable","meaning":"noteworthy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"remarquer","meaning":"to remark, notice","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remark","marked","notably","outstanding","uncommon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"notable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noteworthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"striking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"a43eb28c-5914-48cf-98a5-8df316b89235","word":"remarry","definition":"To marry again after a previous marriage has ended.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"maritāre","root_meaning":"to marry; to provide with a husband","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remarry","meaning":"to marry again after a previous marriage has ended","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"marry","meaning":"to wed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"marier","meaning":"to marry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritāre","meaning":"to marry; to provide with a husband","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marry","marriage","married","marital","unmarried"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rewed","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"espouse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"56cf112b-cdb6-4242-8158-45467a182a19","word":"remedy","definition":"A medicine or treatment for a disease or injury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"remedio","language_family":"latin","root":"remedium","root_meaning":"cure, healing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*med-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remedy","meaning":"A medicine or treatment for a disease or injury.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"remedy","meaning":"a cure, a medicine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"remedium","meaning":"cure, healing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mederi","meaning":"to heal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remedial","medical","medicine","mediate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treatment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antidote","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"bc994a4e-da25-496d-8286-2763a2a1c992","word":"remember","definition":"To recall or retrieve information from memory, or to keep someone in mind.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"recordar","language_family":"latin","root":"memorare","root_meaning":"to mention, call to mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remember","meaning":"to recall from memory","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"remembren","meaning":"to remember","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memorare","meaning":"to mention, call to mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"memor","meaning":"mindful, remembering","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["memory","memorial","memorable","remember"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recall","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recollect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"think of","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"a4c9d1ae-55dd-4e6c-8302-f8e831a4cb21","word":"remind","definition":"To cause someone to remember or think of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"re- + mind","root_meaning":"again + memory, thought","root_language":"Middle English / Old English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*men-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remind","meaning":"to cause to remember","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"remind","meaning":"to put in mind again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mind","meaning":"memory, thought, intention","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemynd","meaning":"memory, mind","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*men-","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reminder","reminded","remindful","mind","mindful","memory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jog one's memory","formality":"informal"},{"word":"admonish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"ba3b6ad3-8f7a-4c16-aa57-f2c4c39bdff2","word":"remix","definition":"A new version of an existing song, recording, or piece of music, made by altering or adding to the original.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"miscere","root_meaning":"to mix","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"late 20th century","word":"remix","meaning":"a new version of a recording","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"re- + mix","meaning":"to mix again","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"mixen","meaning":"to mix","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"miscere","meaning":"to mix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*meik-","meaning":"to mix","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mix","mixture","commingle","admixture","unmixed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mashup","formality":"informal"},{"word":"edit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"c000482f-75b4-416e-9110-e80be8d62940","word":"remorse","definition":"Deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"remordimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"remorsus","root_meaning":"a biting back, gnawing pain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*merd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remorse","meaning":"deep regret","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"remors","meaning":"compunction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"remorsus","meaning":"a biting back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mordere","meaning":"to bite","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remorseless","mordant","morbid","bite","dental"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guilt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contrition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"penitence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"1187e7b0-a60f-4352-b70b-2b7f0e6f9c39","word":"remote","definition":"Situated far away in space or time; distant or isolated.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"remoto","language_family":"latin","root":"remotus","root_meaning":"removed, taken away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remote","meaning":"distant, isolated","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"remote","meaning":"distant, separated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"remotus","meaning":"removed, taken away","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remotely","remoteness","remotemost","remotely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"isolated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"far-off","formality":"informal"},{"word":"secluded","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"0641d550-e378-42b0-a828-e45b6e179cab","word":"remotely","definition":"In a distant, indirect, or far-off manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"remoto","language_family":"latin","root":"movere","root_meaning":"to move","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remotely","meaning":"in a distant or indirect way","children":[{"era":"current","word":"remote","meaning":"far away; not immediate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"remotus","meaning":"removed; set apart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back; again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remote","remoteness","remotest","remove","removal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distantly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"far away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indirectly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"85ac84db-6558-40b9-84af-cd8926c3f92b","word":"removable","definition":"Capable of being removed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"removible","language_family":"latin","root":"removere","root_meaning":"to move away, take away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"removable","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"remove","meaning":"to move back, take away","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"remouvoir","meaning":"to move back, remove","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"removere","meaning":"to move away, take away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"movere","meaning":"to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of, suitable for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-abilis","meaning":"capable of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["move","remote","motion","removal","moved","mover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detachable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"51d4bafb-d796-4e22-9b93-c94669fae739","word":"removal","definition":"The action of taking something away or eliminating it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"remoción","language_family":"french","root":"removere","root_meaning":"to move back or away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"removal","meaning":"the action of taking away","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"remove","meaning":"to take away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"removere","meaning":"to move back or away","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re + movere","meaning":"back + to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remove","removable","remover","removed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extraction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elimination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"departure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taking away","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"b5ddf6db-9725-441b-98d8-76a6b279a494","word":"remove","definition":"To take something away or off from a place or position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"remover","language_family":"latin","root":"removere","root_meaning":"to move back, take away","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"remove","meaning":"to take away","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"remove","meaning":"to move, displace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"removere","meaning":"to move back, take away","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["removal","removable","remover","remote"],"synonyms":[{"word":"take away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extract","formality":"formal"},{"word":"eliminate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delete","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"e7dc0bcf-8540-418f-adf8-b2703c994472","word":"removed","definition":"Taken away or eliminated from a place or position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"removido","language_family":"french","root":"remove","root_meaning":"to move away","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"removed","meaning":"taken away","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"remove","meaning":"to move away or displace","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"removoir","meaning":"to move back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + movere","meaning":"again + to move","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["remove","remover","removal","removable","removing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"taken away","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eliminated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extracted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"detached","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"eb018602-b87f-4a15-8381-437edfdee96e","word":"ren","definition":"An archaic or poetic word for a kidney.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"rēn","root_meaning":"kidney","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ren","meaning":"kidney","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rēn","meaning":"kidney","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["renal","reins","reniform","rene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kidney","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reins","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"renal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"e56253ec-8439-4b82-8ee6-4bd26c0549db","word":"rend","definition":"To tear something into two or more pieces with force or violence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rendan","root_meaning":"to tear, pull apart","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁rendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rend","meaning":"to tear apart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rendan","meaning":"to tear, pull apart","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rent","render","tear","rending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"split","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleave","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"76a315b2-41e7-4ee1-9b08-a7733c234051","word":"render","definition":"To provide or give (a service, help, etc.); to cause to be or become; to melt down (fat).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"rendir","language_family":"latin","root":"reddere","root_meaning":"give back, restore","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"render","meaning":"To provide or give (a service, help, etc.); to cause to be or become; to melt down (fat).","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"rendre","meaning":"to give back, to restore, to yield","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reddere","meaning":"to give back, to restore","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dare","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rendition","surrender","rendezvous","redemption"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"make","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yield","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"46d95caf-e06f-4bb6-9ee8-08ca31c8816c","word":"rendezvous","definition":"A meeting at an agreed time and place, typically between two people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rendez-vous","root_meaning":"present yourselves","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rendezvous","meaning":"A meeting at an agreed time and place.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"rendez-vous","meaning":"present yourselves (imperative of se rendre)","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"rendre","meaning":"to give back, to present","children":[],"language":"French"},{"era":"Old French","word":"vous","meaning":"you (plural)","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["render","surrender","present","visit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appointment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tryst","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"8c2575da-7570-432f-b2a0-0b4ce71773c7","word":"renew","definition":"To make something new again or fresh, or to resume after an interruption.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"renovar","language_family":"latin","root":"renovare","root_meaning":"to restore, repair, make new again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*newos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"renew","meaning":"to make new again","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"renewen","meaning":"to restore, renovate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"renoveler","meaning":"to make new again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"renovare","meaning":"to restore, repair, renew","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"novus","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["novel","innovate","renovate","novice","new"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refresh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"2df4bc37-8496-43e0-abc3-c166809ae290","word":"renewable","definition":"Capable of being renewed, especially (of a natural resource) not depleted when used.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"renovable","language_family":"latin","root":"novus","root_meaning":"new","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*newo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"renewable","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"renew","meaning":"make new again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"noveler","meaning":"to make new","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"novellus","meaning":"new, young","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"novus","meaning":"new","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["new","novel","renovate","innovation","novelty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sustainable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replenishable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restorable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"70fbda0c-934e-4073-926f-434437dcbdde","word":"renounce","definition":"To formally give up, reject, or repudiate something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"renunciar","language_family":"latin","root":"renuntiare","root_meaning":"to report back; declare; announce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"renounce","meaning":"to formally give up, reject, or repudiate something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"renoncer","meaning":"to renounce; give up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"renuntiare","meaning":"to report back; declare; announce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["renunciation","renounced","renouncer","renunciative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relinquish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"repudiate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abandon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"e944976b-d98d-4091-8715-c031d0df4641","word":"renowned","definition":"Widely known and celebrated; famous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"renombrado","language_family":"french","root":"nomen","root_meaning":"name","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁nómn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"renowned","meaning":"widely known and celebrated","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"renown","meaning":"fame; reputation","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"renom","meaning":"fame; reputation","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"re- + nom","meaning":"again + name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nomen","meaning":"name","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French + Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["renown","renownedly","renownedness","world-renowned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"famous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celebrated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinguished","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"9ea99e45-2a05-4f19-96ac-4c259e333f8c","word":"rent","definition":"A regular payment made for the use of a property or asset.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"renta","language_family":"french","root":"rendre","root_meaning":"to give back, render","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rent","meaning":"payment for property use","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rente","meaning":"revenue, income","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rendre","meaning":"to give back, return","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rental","renter","rent-free","rentable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lease","formality":"formal"},{"word":"payment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tariff","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.667Z"}
{"id":"ec1fcda7-3824-4f70-ad3e-e1d156d0a409","word":"rental","definition":"The action of renting something or an amount paid for the use of property or equipment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"renta","language_family":"french","root":"rente","root_meaning":"income, revenue","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rental","meaning":"payment for use of property","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rent","meaning":"payment for use of property","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rente","meaning":"income, revenue","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rent","renter","rental","rentable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lease","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"letting","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"7bfd8535-842a-42e2-8b84-918b7ae5cc39","word":"rentals","definition":"Properties or items available for rent, or the act of renting something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rentas","language_family":"latin","root":"rendita","root_meaning":"income, return","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rentals","meaning":"properties or items for rent","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"rental","meaning":"act of renting","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rent","meaning":"to tear, income from property","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rent","rented","renter","renting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leases","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lettings","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hires","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"cb8c5ea1-d1e2-454f-b0b3-c9b5a62e5db9","word":"reopen","definition":"To open something again or open again.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*upanōną","root_meaning":"to open","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reopen","meaning":"to open something again","children":[{"era":"current","word":"open","meaning":"to make not closed; to allow access","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"openian","meaning":"to open","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*opanōn","meaning":"to open","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*upanōną","meaning":"to open","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*upo","meaning":"up from under, over","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["open","reopened","reopening","reopenable","reopener"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unseal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unlock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"open again","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"3e801aad-9d20-4265-90cd-aea1ff6071da","word":"repair","definition":"To restore something to good condition after damage or deterioration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reparar","language_family":"latin","root":"reparare","root_meaning":"to restore, make ready again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re- (again) + *parare (to prepare)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"repair","meaning":"to restore to good condition","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"reparen","meaning":"to restore","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reparare","meaning":"to restore, make ready again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["repaired","repairing","reparable","preparation","preparatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fix","formality":"informal"},{"word":"restore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renovate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"6d3716cb-32a5-4ec0-a708-ba3f444d5749","word":"repay","definition":"To pay back money or a debt to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"pagar","language_family":"latin","root":"pacare","root_meaning":"to pacify, appease","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"repay","meaning":"To pay back money or a debt to someone","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"re-pay","meaning":"pay again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1100s","word":"payer","meaning":"to pay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pacare","meaning":"to pacify, appease","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["payment","paid","pacify","appease"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reimburse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"refund","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compensate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"64b50a40-efad-49f1-98a6-efdbed6d7361","word":"repeat","definition":"To say, do, or occur again; to perform or produce something a second or further time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"repetir","language_family":"latin","root":"repetere","root_meaning":"to seek again, to go back to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"repeat","meaning":"to do or say again","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"repeter","meaning":"to repeat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repetere","meaning":"to seek again, attack again","children":[{"era":"pre-history","word":"*pet-","meaning":"to rush, fly, seek","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["repetition","repetitive","repeatedly","repetend","repeater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reiterate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"echo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"redo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"replicate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"4205d3e9-6f2f-4c86-b1be-b9fcfd4a2cc2","word":"repent","definition":"To repent is to feel or show sincere remorse for wrongdoing.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"arrepentirse","language_family":"latin","root":"paenitēre","root_meaning":"to regret, be sorry","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"repent","meaning":"feel or show sincere remorse for wrongdoing","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"repentir","meaning":"to repent; feel remorse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repenitīre","meaning":"to make sorry, cause regret","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"paenitēre","meaning":"to regret, be sorry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["repentance","repentant","repenting","unrepentant","repenter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rue","formality":"literary"},{"word":"atone","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"3b96441e-0b92-4468-ac31-82bd9ca74637","word":"replacement","definition":"The act of replacing something, or a person or thing that takes the place of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reemplazo","language_family":"french","root":"replacer","root_meaning":"to put back in place","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"replacement","meaning":"substitution or substitute","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"replace","meaning":"to put back, restore, substitute","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"replacer","meaning":"to place back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["replace","replaceable","replacement","replaced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"substitute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substitution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"successor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standby","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"9fc951a7-1860-428b-bc8c-85f6b7bffd5b","word":"replica","definition":"An exact copy or model of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"réplica","language_family":"latin","root":"replica","root_meaning":"a reply, a repetition","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"replica","meaning":"An exact copy or model of something","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"replica","meaning":"a reply, a repetition (art context)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"replicare","meaning":"to reply, to fold back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["replicate","reply","duplicate","replication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duplicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"1b9b2f06-1653-445d-b96e-7a7e9604cbec","word":"replication","definition":"The action of making an exact copy or reproduction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"replicación","language_family":"latin","root":"replicare","root_meaning":"to fold back, to reply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"replication","meaning":"act of making a copy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"replicatio","meaning":"a reply, a folding back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"replicare","meaning":"to fold back, reply","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*plek-","meaning":"to plait, weave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["replicate","reply","replica","pliable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duplication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproduction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"328bc397-073a-4764-9cd2-cda5cbb962a4","word":"replies","definition":"Responses or answers given in reaction to a question, letter, or request.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"respuestas","language_family":"french","root":"replicare","root_meaning":"to fold back, to respond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"replies","meaning":"responses or answers","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reply","meaning":"to respond, answer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"replier","meaning":"to fold back, respond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"replicare","meaning":"to fold back, unfold again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reply","replicate","replica","replication","respond"],"synonyms":[{"word":"answers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"responses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rejoinders","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"cb1d3288-7ac0-4a33-987a-27eae37af949","word":"reply","definition":"To respond or answer in return to something said or written.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"replicar","language_family":"latin","root":"replicare","root_meaning":"to fold back, to reply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"reply","meaning":"to respond, to answer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"replicare","meaning":"to fold back, to reply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plicare","meaning":"to fold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["replication","replica","replicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"answer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"respond","formality":"formal"},{"word":"respond back","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"ff4f92f2-67f4-4ff1-91d1-0a66eda2f979","word":"report","definition":"An account or statement of facts and findings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reporte","language_family":"latin","root":"reportare","root_meaning":"to carry back, to bring back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"report","meaning":"an account of facts","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"report","meaning":"to relate, to tell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reportare","meaning":"to carry back, bring back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reporter","reporting","report card","reported"],"synonyms":[{"word":"account","formality":"formal"},{"word":"statement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"ee67ed29-0b7c-4861-b4b4-24ebd46e6b8f","word":"reported","definition":"Gave an account or statement of something; communicated information about.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reportado","language_family":"french","root":"reportare","root_meaning":"to carry back; to report","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reported","meaning":"gave an account of something","children":[{"era":"current","word":"report","meaning":"to communicate information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reporter","meaning":"to report; carry back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reportare","meaning":"to carry back; to report","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["report","reporter","reporting","reported"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communicated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"disclosed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"b1379a00-a90e-41c7-8803-c2dc6ffe38da","word":"reporter","definition":"A person who investigates and reports news for a newspaper, radio, or television.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reportero","language_family":"latin","root":"reportare","root_meaning":"to carry back, report","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reporter","meaning":"one who reports news","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"report","meaning":"account or statement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reporter","meaning":"to carry back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reportare","meaning":"to carry back, report","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"portare","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["report","portable","transport","porter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journalist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"correspondent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"newscaster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"1ceded1d-9879-4cc5-981f-4d00c0f70f4b","word":"reporting","definition":"The act of presenting or communicating information, typically about events or findings.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reportar","language_family":"french","root":"report","root_meaning":"to carry back","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*por- + *ferre","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reporting","meaning":"the act of communicating information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"report","meaning":"to carry back, to tell","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reporter","meaning":"one who carries back","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["report","reporter","reportage","reported","reports"],"synonyms":[{"word":"narrating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"documenting","formality":"technical"},{"word":"communicating","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"80ced5c5-c9d4-4fe8-b379-008fa2a82970","word":"reports","definition":"Plural of report; accounts or descriptions of something investigated or observed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reportes","language_family":"french","root":"Old French reporter","root_meaning":"to carry back, report","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reports","meaning":"accounts or descriptions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"report","meaning":"account of events","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reporter","meaning":"to carry back","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["report","reported","reporting","reporter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accounts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"descriptions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"c141f538-1baa-4fca-8e35-924f1bfabfd9","word":"repository","definition":"A place where things are stored or deposited, often for preservation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"repositorio","language_family":"latin","root":"repositorium","root_meaning":"a place for storage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"repository","meaning":"a place for storage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repositorium","meaning":"a storehouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reponere","meaning":"to put back, to store","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["deposit","compose","position","repose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"archive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"storehouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"e74681f1-f416-42ed-be4b-f2f7369e49ab","word":"represent","definition":"To act or speak on behalf of someone, or to depict or describe something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"representar","language_family":"latin","root":"repraesentare","root_meaning":"to present again, to show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pre- (before) + *sentare (to present)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"represent","meaning":"to act for, depict, or describe","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"representen","meaning":"to present again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repraesentare","meaning":"re- (again) + praesentare (to present)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["representative","representation","represent","represented"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depict","formality":"formal"},{"word":"portray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stand for","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"fe6145a7-7c45-4919-9a28-92baaa05eaaa","word":"representation","definition":"The action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or of presenting a certain image or idea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"representación","language_family":"french","root":"repraesentatio","root_meaning":"presentation, exhibition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"representation","meaning":"The action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or of presenting a certain image or idea.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"représentation","meaning":"presentation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repraesentatio","meaning":"presentation, exhibition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repraesentare","meaning":"to make present, show","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["represent","present","representative","presentation","represented","representing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depiction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portrayal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embodiment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"a8373f04-b440-45c1-b0d0-cf8ef5d6c4a5","word":"representative","definition":"A person or thing that represents or acts on behalf of another, or serving as a typical example of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"representativo","language_family":"latin","root":"repraesentare","root_meaning":"to present again, to show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"representative","meaning":"one who represents or is typical of a group","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"represent","meaning":"to present again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repraesentare","meaning":"to present, exhibit, show","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"praesentare","meaning":"to place before","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["represent","representation","representative","representable","misrepresent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delegate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"agent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exemplar","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"5854892a-8ff3-48ed-af64-cd367d024da5","word":"reprint","definition":"To print something again, typically an exact copy.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reimprimir","language_family":"latin","root":"re-, premere","root_meaning":"again, to press","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*prem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reprint","meaning":"to print again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1300s","word":"print","meaning":"to impress marks","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"preinte","meaning":"imprint, mark","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["print","impress","compress","reproduce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reproduce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reissue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"publish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"fdf081b9-6247-4980-93e7-52b6872202ab","word":"reproduce","definition":"To produce again; to make a copy or duplicate of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reproducir","language_family":"latin","root":"producere","root_meaning":"to bring forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reproduce","meaning":"to make a copy","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"re- + produce","meaning":"produce again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"producere","meaning":"to bring forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English (compound)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reproduction","productive","produce","conductor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duplicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recreate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"6db8664a-db98-4488-971c-a7d3ce9077b8","word":"reproduction","definition":"The action or process of making a copy of something, or the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reproducción","language_family":"latin","root":"productio","root_meaning":"a bringing forth, a producing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reproduction","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"reproduction","meaning":"act of reproducing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"15th C","word":"production","meaning":"act of producing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"productio","meaning":"a bringing forth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reproduce","product","productive","producer","production"],"synonyms":[{"word":"duplication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"multiplication","formality":"technical"},{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"85a04cd7-e216-4bdf-b96a-7e87a74ed451","word":"reproductive","definition":"Pertaining to or involved in the process by which organisms produce offspring.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"reproductivo","language_family":"latin","root":"re-, pro-, ducere","root_meaning":"again, forth, to lead","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-, *pro-, *deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reproductive","meaning":"pertaining to reproduction","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"reproductif","meaning":"reproductive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reproducere","meaning":"to reproduce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pro-","meaning":"forth","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ducere","meaning":"to lead","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*deuk-","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reproduce","production","deduction","induce","product"],"synonyms":[{"word":"propagative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"generative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fertile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"874b3cfc-43af-494a-974d-208bb0fe980d","word":"reptile","definition":"A reptile is a cold-blooded vertebrate such as a snake, lizard, turtle, or crocodile.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reptil","language_family":"latin","root":"reptilis","root_meaning":"creeping, crawling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reptile","meaning":"a crawling vertebrate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reptile","meaning":"creeping, crawling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repere","meaning":"to creep, crawl","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reptilian","reptile-like","reptilianity","reptant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crawler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scaled animal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creeping animal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"a235e3d2-52ee-4039-9c24-2cff74dfc32e","word":"republic","definition":"A form of government in which power rests with citizens and their elected representatives.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"república","language_family":"latin","root":"res publica","root_meaning":"public thing, public matter","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"republic","meaning":"representative government","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"republic","meaning":"state governed by the people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res publica","meaning":"the public thing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["republican","republish","republication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commonwealth","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"75972988-95fa-47e3-a055-c19c5aa879cd","word":"republican","definition":"A person advocating or supporting a republic as a form of government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"republicano","language_family":"latin","root":"res publica","root_meaning":"public affair","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"republican","meaning":"supporter of a republic","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"republic","meaning":"form of government","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"république","meaning":"republic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res publica","meaning":"public affair","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"res","meaning":"thing, affair","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"publica","meaning":"public","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["republic","public","publication","commonweal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commonwealth supporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"civic-minded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"citizen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constitutionalist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"54765275-a0cf-418c-b34e-43b390c4d8da","word":"repulsive","definition":"Causing strong dislike or aversion; that which repels.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"repulsivo","language_family":"latin","root":"pellere","root_meaning":"to drive, push","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"repulsive","meaning":"causing strong dislike or aversion","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"repulsive","meaning":"repelling, offensive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"repulsivus","meaning":"repelling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"repulsus","meaning":"driven back, repelled","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pellere","meaning":"to drive, push","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["repel","repulsion","repulse","repellent","repulsed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disgusting","formality":"informal"},{"word":"offensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obnoxious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"a719f5aa-28be-440c-9c3b-fa920815cca9","word":"reputation","definition":"The beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reputación","language_family":"latin","root":"reputare","root_meaning":"to count over, think over, consider","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*put-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reputation","meaning":"general opinion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"réputation","meaning":"reputation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reputatio","meaning":"consideration, estimation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reputare","meaning":"to count over, think over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"putare","meaning":"to prune, clean, calculate, think","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*put-","meaning":"to prune, clean","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compute","dispute","impute","putative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"standing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"esteem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fame","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"04b98b63-09ff-46ec-b7de-a91df4ebf94a","word":"request","definition":"An act of asking for something politely or formally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"requesta","language_family":"latin","root":"requaerere","root_meaning":"to ask for, seek again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"request","meaning":"an act of asking for something","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"requeste","meaning":"a request, inquiry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"requaerere","meaning":"to ask for, seek again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["require","quest","question","requiem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ask","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"petition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appeal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plea","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"fc64411b-8376-46a7-962e-036b0136f903","word":"requests","definition":"Plural of request; acts of asking for something politely or formally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"requesta","language_family":"latin","root":"requirere","root_meaning":"to seek again, require","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"requests","meaning":"acts of asking for something","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"request","meaning":"to ask for","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"requête","meaning":"request, demand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"requirere","meaning":"to seek again, require","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["request","requested","requesting","requester"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appeals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"asks","formality":"informal"},{"word":"petitions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demands","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"a2a0e44a-5316-4aba-b62c-eda8ba4c828a","word":"require","definition":"To need something as a necessary condition; to demand or insist upon.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"requerir","language_family":"latin","root":"requirere","root_meaning":"to ask; to seek again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"require","meaning":"to need as a necessary condition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"requeren","meaning":"to seek again; to ask","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"requirere","meaning":"to ask; to seek again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["required","requirement","requiring","requirer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"need","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demand","formality":"formal"},{"word":"necessitate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"bfe0fc7d-678c-4c2c-88c4-9d9606a44125","word":"required","definition":"Needed or demanded; necessary.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"requerido","language_family":"latin","root":"requirere","root_meaning":"to seek, ask for","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"required","meaning":"needed, demanded","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"require","meaning":"to need","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"requirere","meaning":"to seek, ask for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re + quaerere","meaning":"again + to seek","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["require","requirement","requirer","requisite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"needed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necessary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demanded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obligatory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"f2ec6d73-e798-4783-b984-d79ba4225a9f","word":"requirement","definition":"A thing that is needed or wanted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"requerimiento","language_family":"french","root":"requerre","root_meaning":"to seek, ask for","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kwes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"requirement","meaning":"a necessary condition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"requerir","meaning":"to seek, ask for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"requirere","meaning":"to seek again, demand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quaerere","meaning":"to seek","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*kwes-","meaning":"to ask, seek","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["require","request","query","inquire","acquisition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"need","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necessity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prerequisite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"condition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"364c4b2c-ddc2-4d68-8c3d-433de184cc27","word":"requirements","definition":"necessary conditions or things that must be provided or done.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"requisitos","language_family":"latin","root":"requirere","root_meaning":"to seek again, ask for","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"requirements","meaning":"necessary conditions or things needed","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"requirement","meaning":"something required or necessary","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"require","meaning":"to seek again, demand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"requirere","meaning":"to seek again, ask for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re + quaerere","meaning":"again + to seek","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["require","required","requiring","requirement","prerequisite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"necessities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conditions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prerequisites","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"ff984b84-733e-413f-b2b1-9e9e7dda5b16","word":"requires","definition":"Third person singular present of require, meaning to need or demand as necessary.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"requiere","language_family":"latin","root":"requirere","root_meaning":"to seek again, to ask for","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwerə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"requires","meaning":"needs, demands","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"require","meaning":"to need, demand","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"requerre","meaning":"to seek again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"requirere","meaning":"to seek again, ask for","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["require","required","requirement","request","inquiry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"needs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demands","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necessitates","formality":"formal"},{"word":"calls for","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"4c68388a-76cc-4bc5-b170-29a8c3eb6df3","word":"reschedule","definition":"To schedule again or at a different time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"schedula","root_meaning":"little sheet of paper; slip","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reschedule","meaning":"to schedule again or at a different time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin prefix via French"},{"era":"modern","word":"schedule","meaning":"a plan or timetable; to arrange in advance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"schedula","meaning":"little sheet of paper; slip","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["schedule","scheduled","scheduling","rescheduled","scheduler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"postpone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rearrange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"6e56f73e-ba73-4323-81dc-17e0edd3bbee","word":"rescue","definition":"To save someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"rescatar","language_family":"french","root":"rescourre","root_meaning":"to take back, recover","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rescue","meaning":"to save","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rescouen","meaning":"to rescue","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rescourre","meaning":"to take back, recover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-excutere","meaning":"to shake off, drive out again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rescuer","rescuing","saved","salvage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"save","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deliver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liberate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"37d9eaa6-0366-40de-9ba2-a11980d5840c","word":"research","definition":"The systematic investigation and study of materials to establish facts and reach new conclusions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"investigación","language_family":"french","root":"recherche","root_meaning":"a seeking, investigation","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"research","meaning":"systematic investigation","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"research","meaning":"investigation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recherche","meaning":"a seeking, search","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cercare","meaning":"to search","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["researcher","researching","researched"],"synonyms":[{"word":"investigation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inquiry","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"fb8a349c-3b71-4965-b877-476a847e2e49","word":"researcher","definition":"A person who carries out academic or scientific research.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"recerchier","root_meaning":"to seek out, search again","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"researcher","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"resercheor","meaning":"one who searches","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"recerchier","meaning":"to seek out, search again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"circare","meaning":"to go around, search","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["research","researched","researching","search","searchable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"investigator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analyst","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"7a427d98-bbdf-45ae-9fee-979a80325d8d","word":"resemblance","definition":"Resemblance means the quality of being alike or similar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"semejanza","language_family":"french","root":"similis","root_meaning":"like; similar","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resemblance","meaning":"likeness; similarity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resemblance","meaning":"likeness; similarity","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"resembler","meaning":"to seem alike; to resemble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"similis","meaning":"like; similar","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resemble","resembling","semblable","semblance","simile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"likeness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"similarity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"semblance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"d67a41f2-efb8-43ff-b963-2f9f34defc0e","word":"resent","definition":"Feel bitterness or indignation at (a circumstance, action, or person).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sentir","language_family":"latin","root":"re-, sentire","root_meaning":"back, again; to feel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resent","meaning":"feel bitterness","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"resentir","meaning":"feel again, feel deeply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sentiment","sensitive","sense","present","consent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grudge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"begrudge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"take offense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feel bitter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"d56db1d9-9340-45be-a8a4-16904137938b","word":"resentment","definition":"A feeling of bitter indignation at perceived unfairness or offense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resentimiento","language_family":"french","root":"sentīre","root_meaning":"to feel, perceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resentment","meaning":"a feeling of bitter indignation or ill will","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ressentiment","meaning":"resentment, ill feeling","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"ressentir","meaning":"to feel strongly, to resent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentīre","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resent","resentful","resenting","resented","resentment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bitterness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indignation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grudge","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"68b04838-ae19-44c1-905d-2c5313f810c5","word":"reservation","definition":"An arrangement to have something held for one's use at a later time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reservación","language_family":"latin","root":"reservare","root_meaning":"to keep back, save, retain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reservation","meaning":"an arrangement for holding","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"reservation","meaning":"act of reserving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reservare","meaning":"to keep back (re- 'back' + servare 'to keep, save')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reserve","preserve","conservation","conservatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"booking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appointment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hesitation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"4293a60d-bc36-41b7-8212-e6a4fd54b2b5","word":"reservations","definition":"Plural of reservation; doubts or hesitations; bookings or arrangements made in advance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reservaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"reservare","root_meaning":"to keep back, retain, reserve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reservations","meaning":"doubts, hesitations, or advance bookings","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reservation","meaning":"act of reserving or keeping back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reservare","meaning":"to keep back, retain, reserve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + servare","meaning":"back + to keep, guard, protect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reserve","reserved","reservation","reserving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bookings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doubts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hesitations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"qualifications","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"cee5b200-5a3d-44ca-b5da-ffe8c7c7c817","word":"reserve","definition":"To keep or set aside for future use or a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reserva","language_family":"latin","root":"reservare","root_meaning":"to save, keep back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reserve","meaning":"to set aside","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reserve","meaning":"to save, keep back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reservare","meaning":"to save, keep back from re- and servare","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reservation","reserved","reserves","serve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"retain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"set aside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hold back","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.146Z"}
{"id":"dd58b4e1-b4ce-4010-a045-7766533500b0","word":"reserved","definition":"Set aside or kept for a specific purpose; also means cautious or restrained.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"reservado","language_family":"latin","root":"reservare","root_meaning":"to keep back, set aside","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reserved","meaning":"set aside or restrained","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reserve","meaning":"to set aside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reservare","meaning":"to keep back, set aside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reserve","reservation","reserves","reservist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"set-aside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restrained","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aloof","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"242272b1-5bac-4546-9ab3-ccb844c07640","word":"reservoir","definition":"A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reservorio","language_family":"french","root":"réservoir","root_meaning":"a place for keeping things","root_language":"French","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reservoir","meaning":"A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"réservoir","meaning":"a place for keeping things","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"réserver","meaning":"to keep, to save","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reservare","meaning":"to keep back, reserve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reserve","reservation","reserva","conservatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cistern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"6fb0a037-44fd-4d46-b114-83e7df58772e","word":"residence","definition":"The place where one resides; a home.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"residencia","language_family":"latin","root":"residere","root_meaning":"to remain, reside","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"residence","meaning":"dwelling place","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"residence","meaning":"dwelling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residentia","meaning":"a dwelling, remaining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residere","meaning":"to remain, reside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resident","reside","residential","residency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"home","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abode","formality":"literary"},{"word":"habitation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"0e9e3458-86fd-4624-bca8-5349e0e9f42a","word":"residency","definition":"The condition or status of being a resident, especially for a medical training term or an official living arrangement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"residencia","language_family":"latin","root":"residere","root_meaning":"to sit back, remain, dwell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"residency","meaning":"status of being a resident","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"resident","meaning":"one who resides","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"reside","meaning":"to dwell, remain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residere","meaning":"to sit back, remain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + sedere","meaning":"back + sit","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"modern","word":"-ency / -cy","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resident","reside","residence","residential","nonresidency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"residence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domicile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"occupancy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"db7a8e8f-a4ef-4a6e-8bb8-3d2a3c6d650d","word":"resident","definition":"A person who lives in a particular place or has their home there.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"residente","language_family":"latin","root":"residere","root_meaning":"to remain, dwell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resident","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"resident","meaning":"dwelling, remaining","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residens","meaning":"remaining, dwelling (present participle of residere)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reside","residency","residential","residence","sedentary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dweller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhabitant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occupant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"1bed059f-6619-42f2-a62d-104b20fdd972","word":"residential","definition":"Relating to or suitable for living in as a home, or an area designed for private dwellings.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"residencial","language_family":"latin","root":"residere","root_meaning":"to sit back, remain, reside","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"residential","meaning":"relating to homes or dwelling","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"residential","meaning":"relating to residence","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"residence","meaning":"a dwelling place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residere","meaning":"to sit back, remain, dwell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + sedere","meaning":"back + sit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["residence","reside","resident","residency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"domestic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"housing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dwelling","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"fe47dff5-8e7c-470d-ab9f-2bc2f3fd44bf","word":"residents","definition":"People who live in a particular place, or physicians undergoing specialized training in a hospital.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"residentes","language_family":"latin","root":"residere","root_meaning":"to sit back, to remain, to dwell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"residents","meaning":"people who live in a place","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"resident","meaning":"one who dwells in a place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residens","meaning":"remaining, dwelling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residere","meaning":"to sit back, remain, dwell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sedere","meaning":"to sit, settle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resident","residence","residential","reside","residency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inhabitants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"occupants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dwellers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.302Z"}
{"id":"f23ce3cc-76f6-436a-87e9-8823e601bab3","word":"residue","definition":"Residue is what remains after part of something has been removed, used, or separated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"residuo","language_family":"latin","root":"resideō","root_meaning":"to remain behind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"residue","meaning":"what remains after part of something has been removed, used, or separated","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"residu","meaning":"remainder; residue","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"residue","meaning":"a remainder or leftover part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residuum","meaning":"that which remains","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"residēre","meaning":"to remain behind","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit, stay, remain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["residual","residuary","residuum","reside","resident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remainder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remnant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leftover","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"42cdd2bd-9bf8-4f74-8bc1-b470be194ade","word":"resign","definition":"To voluntarily leave a job or position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"resignar","language_family":"latin","root":"resignare","root_meaning":"to unseal, cancel, give up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resign","meaning":"give up a position","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"resigner","meaning":"to renounce, relinquish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resignare","meaning":"to unseal, cancel, give up (re- 'back, again' + signare 'to mark, seal')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resignation","assign","design","sign","signed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abdicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"step down","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"9074945d-ba05-48b6-b1e8-fcde1444cf0d","word":"resignation","definition":"The act of giving up a position or office; an acceptance of an undesirable but unavoidable situation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resignación","language_family":"latin","root":"resignare","root_meaning":"to unseal, open, give up, renounce","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resignation","meaning":"act of giving up a position; acceptance","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"resignation","meaning":"resignation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resignare","meaning":"to unseal, give up, renounce","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resign","resigned","sign","assign","design"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"departure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acquiescence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"f6faffe7-9ddd-45b4-a8d6-d48b7aed0359","word":"resist","definition":"To withstand the action or effect of; to oppose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"resistir","language_family":"latin","root":"resistere","root_meaning":"stand back, stop, oppose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resist","meaning":"To withstand the action or effect of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resistere","meaning":"to stand back, stop, oppose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sistere","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resistance","irresistible","consistent","assist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oppose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"withstand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"74746eda-4b56-461e-af41-3094fdf1a815","word":"resistance","definition":"The act of opposing or withstanding something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resistencia","language_family":"latin","root":"resistere","root_meaning":"to stand back, to withstand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resistance","meaning":"The act of opposing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resistance","meaning":"act of resisting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resistere","meaning":"to stand back, to withstand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resist","resistor","resistible","irresistible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opposition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defiance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obstruction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"struggle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"2a5181ed-765b-4414-a2b4-97fa6fd4c3c0","word":"resistant","definition":"Offering opposition to something or someone; able to withstand the action of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"resistente","language_family":"latin","root":"resistere","root_meaning":"to stand back, stand firm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resistant","meaning":"offering opposition","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"résistant","meaning":"resistant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resistens","meaning":"standing firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resistere","meaning":"to stand back, stand firm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sistere","meaning":"to stand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sta-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resist","insistence","consistent","existence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opposed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immune","formality":"technical"},{"word":"impervious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"defiant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"ea85bd31-1eaa-4559-b500-5c56f3497125","word":"resolution","definition":"A firm decision to do or not to do something, or the action of solving a problem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resolución","language_family":"latin","root":"resolvere","root_meaning":"to loosen, unfasten, dissolve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resolution","meaning":"firm decision or problem-solving","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"resolute","meaning":"determined, unwavering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resolvere","meaning":"to loosen, unfasten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resolve","resolute","irresolute","dissolved"],"synonyms":[{"word":"determination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solution","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"9ad677f0-4546-44f9-a356-b269e2182ff2","word":"resolve","definition":"To settle or find a solution to a problem or dispute.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"resolver","language_family":"latin","root":"resolvere","root_meaning":"to loosen, untie, solve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*lewh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resolve","meaning":"to find a solution","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resolver","meaning":"to resolve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resolvere","meaning":"to loosen, untie, solve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again, back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"solvere","meaning":"to loosen, release","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resolution","soluble","dissolve","solvent","absolution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"settle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"5aad48da-7f39-4cfd-b569-e52006d8b821","word":"resort","definition":"A place designed for relaxation and recreation, or to turn to something as an alternative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resort","language_family":"french","root":"resortir","root_meaning":"to go out again, to have recourse","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resort","meaning":"destination for leisure or to turn to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resortir","meaning":"to go out again, to have recourse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"sortir","meaning":"to go out","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resorter","resort-like","resorts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"retreat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recourse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.779Z"}
{"id":"e131bdf8-11f3-4d38-ad09-5ab360988ed1","word":"resource","definition":"A source of supply or assistance that can be drawn upon when needed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recurso","language_family":"latin","root":"resurgere","root_meaning":"to rise again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resource","meaning":"source of supply","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"resource","meaning":"recovery, means of relief","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resourge","meaning":"relief, recovery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resurgere","meaning":"to rise again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resurge","resurgent","source","resources"],"synonyms":[{"word":"asset","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reserve","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"040adea8-16be-488e-8272-8877aefc8e9f","word":"resourceful","definition":"Able to find quick, practical solutions to problems.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"resurgere","root_meaning":"to rise again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resourceful","meaning":"able to find quick, practical solutions to problems","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resource","meaning":"a means of help or support","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ressource","meaning":"a source of help or support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resurgere","meaning":"to rise again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; having the quality of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resource","resources","resourcefulness","resourcefully","resourceful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ingenious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inventive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clever","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"a84f1e86-d7e1-4de1-94c1-c626fc413a6a","word":"resources","definition":"Plural of resource; useful materials, assets, or supplies available for use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"recursos","language_family":"french","root":"resourcer","root_meaning":"to recover, restore","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*re- + *surgere (again + to rise)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resources","meaning":"plural of resource; available assets","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"resource","meaning":"means of supplying want","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"resourcer","meaning":"to recover, restore","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resource","resourceful","resourcefulness","resort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assets","formality":"formal"},{"word":"materials","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplies","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"102e3d29-88fb-428f-a143-da16e64848bc","word":"respect","definition":"A feeling of admiration or deference toward someone or something worthy of esteem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"respeto","language_family":"latin","root":"respectus","root_meaning":"regard, consideration, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respect","meaning":"admiration or deference","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"respect","meaning":"consideration, regard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respectus","meaning":"regard, consideration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respicere","meaning":"to look back at, regard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respectable","respectful","respectably","respective"],"synonyms":[{"word":"admiration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deference","formality":"formal"},{"word":"esteem","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"4beea45f-f8b0-414b-826f-20afdaf133ab","word":"respectable","definition":"Deserving of respect or esteem.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"respetable","language_family":"latin","root":"respectare","root_meaning":"'look back at', 'regard', 'consider'","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respectable","meaning":"deserving of respect","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"respectabilis","meaning":"worthy of respect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respectare","meaning":"to look back at, regard, consider","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respect","respectful","respected","disrespect","retrospect","spectator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"estimable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"honorable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"9e192107-4e21-41e6-b7dc-58520be1f54a","word":"respectful","definition":"Showing respect or deference.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"respetuoso","language_family":"latin","root":"respicere","root_meaning":"to look back at; regard, consider","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respectful","meaning":"showing respect or deference","children":[{"era":"current","word":"respect + -ful","meaning":"full of respect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"respect","meaning":"regard, consideration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respectus","meaning":"a looking back; regard, consideration","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respicere","meaning":"to look back at, regard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respect","respectfully","respectfulness","disrespectful","respectable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"courteous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"considerate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deferential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"polite","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"5a6740ff-cb73-47a3-b46f-71437b5c8940","word":"respective","definition":"Belonging separately to each person or thing mentioned.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"respectivo","language_family":"latin","root":"respectivus","root_meaning":"having regard to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respective","meaning":"belonging to each separately","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"respective","meaning":"having regard to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respectivus","meaning":"having regard to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respicere","meaning":"to look back at, regard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respect","respectable","respecting","respectively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"particular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"408fe96d-822f-4c64-873f-6a83dfe6d4bd","word":"respectively","definition":"In the order given.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"respectivamente","language_family":"latin","root":"respicere","root_meaning":"to look back, to regard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*re-* + *specere*","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respectively","meaning":"In the order given","children":[{"era":"14th C.","word":"respective","meaning":"having regard for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respectif","meaning":"regarding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respicere","meaning":"to look back, regard","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (Late)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respect","respected","perspective","retrospect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accordingly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separately","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individually","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"c08d7004-47da-4de2-9b50-933b0b1abc75","word":"respiratory","definition":"Relating to or affecting respiration or the organs of respiration.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"respiratorio","language_family":"latin","root":"respiratorius","root_meaning":"relating to breathing","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":null,"proto_root":"*speis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respiratory","meaning":"Relating to respiration","children":[{"era":null,"word":"respiratorius","meaning":"relating to breathing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respirare","meaning":"to breathe again, gasp","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"spirare","meaning":"to breathe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respiration","respire","spirit","inspire","expire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breathing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pulmonary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"aerobic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"5e30cade-74cf-4f11-b941-a1e584c0bc80","word":"respond","definition":"To say something in reply; to react to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"responder","language_family":"latin","root":"respondere","root_meaning":"to answer, correspond, promise in return","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respond","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"respondre","meaning":"to answer, correspond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respondere","meaning":"to answer, correspond, promise in return","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"spondere","meaning":"to pledge, promise solemnly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["response","responsible","correspondent","despondent","sponsor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"answer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"react","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retort","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"62b0b6a5-1289-4f2a-a0e0-20fea518b1f5","word":"respondent","definition":"A person who answers a question, especially one asked as part of a survey or poll, or a defendant in a lawsuit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"respondente","language_family":"latin","root":"respondere","root_meaning":"to answer, reply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"respondent","meaning":"one who responds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respondentem","meaning":"responding, answering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respondere","meaning":"to answer, reply","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["respond","response","responsibility","responsive","correspondent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"answerer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defendant","formality":"technical"},{"word":"interviewee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"7074960d-41e4-445d-b6e0-d9276f546571","word":"response","definition":"A reaction or answer to a question, stimulus, or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"respuesta","language_family":"latin","root":"responsio","root_meaning":"answer, promise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"response","meaning":"an answer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"responsio","meaning":"answer, promise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respondere","meaning":"to answer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["respond","responsive","respondent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"answer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reaction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"12437130-2de7-4534-99ea-874b5313344c","word":"responsibility","definition":"The state or fact of being accountable for something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"responsabilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"responsus","root_meaning":"answered, pledged","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"responsibility","meaning":"state of being accountable","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"responsible","meaning":"answerable, accountable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"responsus","meaning":"answered, pledged","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["responsible","respond","response","irresponsible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accountability","formality":"formal"},{"word":"duty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obligation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"396458d7-8b6e-4e70-a76c-a6fe29c4f49e","word":"responsible","definition":"Accountable or answerable; required to explain and justify one's actions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"responsable","language_family":"latin","root":"respondere","root_meaning":"to answer back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"responsible","meaning":"accountable or answerable","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"responsible","meaning":"liable to answer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"respondere","meaning":"to answer back, reply","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + spondere","meaning":"back + to pledge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["responsibility","irresponsible","respond","response"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accountable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"liable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"answerable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"b76bd60e-2410-4b6a-9a46-74a852ae4e2c","word":"rest","definition":"A state of relaxation or inactivity; the remaining part of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resto","language_family":"germanic","root":"rest","root_meaning":"to rest; to cease from motion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*erest-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rest","meaning":"state of relaxation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rest","meaning":"to rest; cease from motion","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*erest-","meaning":"to arrest; to remain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rested","resting","restful","remainder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relaxation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remainder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:57.069Z"}
{"id":"b7ec24af-7fa8-441b-a92f-06511181585c","word":"restaurant","definition":"An establishment where meals are prepared and served to customers for consumption.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"restaurante","language_family":"french","root":"restaurer","root_meaning":"to restore, refresh","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restaurant","meaning":"eating establishment","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"restaurant","meaning":"establishment serving food","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"restaurer","meaning":"to restore, refresh","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"restaurare","meaning":"to restore","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["restaurateur","restore","restoration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eatery","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bistro","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"establishment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"44e3a848-53b0-49f6-b51d-bcad1b2f247e","word":"restaurants","definition":"Establishments where meals are prepared and served to customers for consumption.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"restaurantes","language_family":"french","root":"restaurer","root_meaning":"to restore or refresh","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restaurants","meaning":"eating establishments","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"restaurant","meaning":"place where one is restored by food","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"restaurer","meaning":"to restore, refresh","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["restaurant","restaurateur","restore","restoration"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eateries","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dining establishments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bistros","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cafés","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"2faec9fe-703c-4a46-a559-b40a11e05f0b","word":"restless","definition":"Unable to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ræst","root_meaning":"rest, repose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rastō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restless","meaning":"Unable to rest or relax","children":[{"era":"current","word":"rest","meaning":"cessation of activity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ræst","meaning":"rest, repose","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rastō","meaning":"rest","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rest","restful","unrest","unmoving","tranquil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fidgety","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uneasy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antsy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"9ea9400a-361d-48a1-ab6f-dca80e98ef51","word":"restore","definition":"To bring back to a former position or state; to repair or renovate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"restaurar","language_family":"latin","root":"restaurare","root_meaning":"to rebuild, repair, revive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restore","meaning":"to bring back to a former state","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"restorer","meaning":"to restore, repair","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"restaurare","meaning":"to rebuild, repair, revive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["restoration","restaurant","renovate","repair"],"synonyms":[{"word":"repair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"renovate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rebuild","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reestablish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"9f017c4e-d759-4082-b30c-623d06f6122f","word":"restrain","definition":"To hold back, limit, or keep under control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"restringir","language_family":"latin","root":"stringere","root_meaning":"to draw tight, bind, tighten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restrain","meaning":"to hold back or keep under control","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"restreindre","meaning":"to restrain, confine, check","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"restringere","meaning":"to bind fast, tighten, contract, check","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + stringere","meaning":"back, again + to draw tight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["restraint","restrained","restraining","unrestrained"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constrain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"check","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"dc2df838-eed8-4447-9601-06d0ff99255c","word":"restraint","definition":"Restraint is self-control or the act of limiting something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"restringir","language_family":"latin","root":"stringere","root_meaning":"to draw tight; bind; compress","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restraint","meaning":"self-control or the act of limiting something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"restreinte","meaning":"restraint; restrained thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"restringere","meaning":"to bind back; tighten; restrain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stringere","meaning":"to draw tight; bind; compress","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["restrain","restrained","restraining","restriction","stringent","constraint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"control","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-restraint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moderation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"6d7b957f-a1dc-459c-aba2-541c523d107c","word":"restrict","definition":"To put a limit on; keep under control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"restringir","language_family":"latin","root":"restringere","root_meaning":"to draw tight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*string-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restrict","meaning":"to limit","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"restricten","meaning":"to confine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"restrictus","meaning":"bound back, drawn tight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stringere","meaning":"to draw tight, bind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["restriction","restricted","constrict","district","stringent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restrain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curtail","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"717ce86f-f21e-4e74-bb63-0c2c01d0f3c9","word":"restriction","definition":"A limiting condition or measure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"restricción","language_family":"latin","root":"restringere","root_meaning":"to bind back, draw tight","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restriction","meaning":"limiting condition","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"restrict","meaning":"to limit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"restringere","meaning":"to bind back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["restrict","constrict","strict","stringent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"limitation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constraint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curb","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"37fa0152-0e94-4cc2-9c5e-4784fe991ff6","word":"restroom","definition":"A public toilet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ræst, rum","root_meaning":"repose, space/chamber","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rehw-, *rum-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restroom","meaning":"public toilet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rest","meaning":"repose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ræst","meaning":"repose","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"room","meaning":"space","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rum","meaning":"space","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toilet","lavatory","washroom","W.C."],"synonyms":[{"word":"toilet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lavatory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"washroom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"aabbe61a-0389-47cc-b269-6bc9013c07d0","word":"restructure","definition":"To organize or arrange something in a new or different way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reestructurar","language_family":"latin","root":"re- + structura","root_meaning":"build again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*strew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"restructure","meaning":"to organize anew","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"15th century","word":"structure","meaning":"arrangement, building","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"structura","meaning":"a building, arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"struere","meaning":"to build","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["structure","construct","destruct","instruct","obstruct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reorganize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rearrange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remodel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"08443b9a-47dc-4af9-82a8-01daa3430f94","word":"result","definition":"A consequence, effect, or outcome that follows from an action or process.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resultado","language_family":"latin","root":"resultare","root_meaning":"to rebound, jump back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*salire","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"result","meaning":"outcome, consequence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"résultat","meaning":"result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resultare","meaning":"to rebound, jump back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + salire","meaning":"back + to jump","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resultant","resulting","resulted","results"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consequence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outcome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upshot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.298Z"}
{"id":"efa60831-f522-473f-a63a-ce53a770b9e9","word":"results","definition":"Outcomes or consequences arising from a particular action or cause.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resultados","language_family":"latin","root":"resultare","root_meaning":"to rebound, spring back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"results","meaning":"outcomes or consequences","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"result","meaning":"outcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resultare","meaning":"to rebound, spring back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["result","resultant","resulting","consequence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outcomes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequences","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effects","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"1e8b814d-ef1d-498d-941c-9fd40f9e6254","word":"resume","definition":"To begin again or continue after an interruption.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"resumir","language_family":"latin","root":"resumere","root_meaning":"to take up again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resume","meaning":"to begin again","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"resumer","meaning":"to take up again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resumere","meaning":"to take up again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["assumption","consume","presume","sum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"continue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"94899b3d-a0c4-4365-ac18-2af57eb73941","word":"resurrection","definition":"Resurrection is the act of rising from the dead or returning to life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"resurrección","language_family":"latin","root":"resurrectio","root_meaning":"a rising again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"resurrection","meaning":"the act of rising from the dead or returning to life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resurrectio","meaning":"a rising again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"resurgere","meaning":"to rise again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + surgere","meaning":"again + to rise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resurrect","resurrected","resurrecting","resurgent","resurrectionist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revival","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rebirth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restoration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"b2c4e817-d8d1-428c-a65b-3236ff44ef15","word":"retail","definition":"The sale of goods in small quantities directly to consumers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retail","language_family":"french","root":"retaille","root_meaning":"a cutting back, a piece cut off","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retail","meaning":"sale of goods to consumers","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"retail","meaning":"sale of goods in small quantities","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"retaille","meaning":"a cutting back, remnant","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retailer","retailing","retail-oriented"],"synonyms":[{"word":"direct sales","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consumer sales","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merchandising","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"eb686944-c982-4053-979a-9c8867863d3a","word":"retailer","definition":"a person or business that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"detallista","language_family":"french","root":"tailler","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retailer","meaning":"one who sells goods to the public","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"retail","meaning":"to sell in small quantities","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"retaillier","meaning":"to cut up, to sell in small portions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"tailler","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retail","tailor","detail","curtail","entail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merchant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shopkeeper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vendor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"11ed94e3-7a2b-4b18-a0d8-be16a2750485","word":"retain","definition":"To continue to have (something); keep possession of; to keep in one's memory.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"retener","language_family":"latin","root":"retinere","root_meaning":"to hold back, keep","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retain","meaning":"to hold back, keep","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"retenir","meaning":"to hold back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retinere","meaning":"to hold back, keep","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenere","meaning":"to hold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ten-","meaning":"to stretch, hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tenant","tenable","detain","maintain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"keep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preserve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remember","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"e5e357b0-8569-40b3-9a60-d80875a93647","word":"retainer","definition":"A person employed to serve or follow a household, lord, or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retener","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin retinēre","root_meaning":"to hold back, keep back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retainer","meaning":"A person employed to serve or follow a household, lord, or organization.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"retain","meaning":"To keep possession of or continue to hold.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retinere","meaning":"To hold back or keep back.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + tenēre","meaning":"Again/back + to hold.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retain","retained","retention","retentive","retainership"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"servant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"follower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"3c6190e6-86cb-4a05-a615-05b1d59b1097","word":"retaliation","definition":"Retaliation is a harmful or punitive response to an injury, insult, or perceived wrong.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retaliación","language_family":"latin","root":"retāliatus","root_meaning":"requited; retaliated","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retaliation","meaning":"a harmful or punitive response to a wrong","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"retaliate","meaning":"to repay or respond in kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retāliatus","meaning":"requited; retaliated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retāliō","meaning":"to repay in kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retaliate","retaliated","retaliating","retaliatory","retaliative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reprisal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"revenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vengeance","formality":"literary"},{"word":"retribution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"3f6f41f9-a7f6-4aef-a48c-4a898bf5f086","word":"retard","definition":"To make slow or late; delay the development or progress of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"retardar","language_family":"latin","root":"retardare","root_meaning":"to make slow, to delay","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tard-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retard","meaning":"to delay","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"retarder","meaning":"to delay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retardare","meaning":"to make slow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tardus","meaning":"slow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retardation","retarded","tardy","hinder","decelerate","retardant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impede","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"342c2383-cd0e-40a9-8d7f-58e50e1f3a75","word":"retention","definition":"The continued possession, use, or control of something; the act of keeping something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retención","language_family":"latin","root":"retentionem","root_meaning":"a holding back, a holding in","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retention","meaning":"The continued possession, use, or control of something.","children":[{"era":"12th-15th century","word":"retencion","meaning":"a holding back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retentionem","meaning":"a holding back, a holding in","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retinere","meaning":"to hold back, keep","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenere","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retain","tenant","tenacious","maintain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"holding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preservation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"storage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custody","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"6d515347-a7ca-483b-bb32-ba825123211b","word":"retire","definition":"To stop working permanently, usually due to age.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"retirar","language_family":"french","root":"retirer","root_meaning":"to draw back, withdraw","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retire","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"retirer","meaning":"to draw back, withdraw","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"tirer","meaning":"to draw","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retirement","retired","withdrawal","retreat","pull"],"synonyms":[{"word":"withdraw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"step down","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leave","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"5a776c56-0891-4d4b-9e0d-fa9e3a3841d3","word":"retirement","definition":"The action or fact of leaving one's job and ceasing to work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retiro","language_family":"french","root":"retirer","root_meaning":"to draw back, withdraw","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retirement","meaning":"leaving job","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"retirer","meaning":"to draw back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + tirare","meaning":"back + to draw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retire","retired","retiring","retreat","retraction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resignation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pensioning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seclusion","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"913cd596-449b-4b58-9145-0a0138e8e92f","word":"retreat","definition":"To move back or withdraw from a place or situation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"retirada","language_family":"french","root":"retraire","root_meaning":"to pull back, withdraw","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retreat","meaning":"To move back or withdraw from a place or situation.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"retreat","meaning":"withdrawal, a place of refuge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"retrait","meaning":"a drawing back","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"retraire","meaning":"to pull back, withdraw","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to pull, draw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["traction","extract","distract","retract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"withdraw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recede","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"b9471598-b436-40fa-a703-a7aaceb26038","word":"retribution","definition":"Punishment or repayment imposed in response to wrongdoing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retribución","language_family":"latin","root":"retribuere","root_meaning":"to give back, repay","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retribution","meaning":"punishment or repayment for wrongdoing","children":[{"era":"late 14c","word":"retribution","meaning":"repayment; recompense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retributionem","meaning":"repayment, recompense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retribuere","meaning":"to give back, repay","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tribuere","meaning":"to assign, allot, pay","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retribute","retributive","retributory","tribute","tributary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vengeance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reprisal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"punishment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"6213f6e2-5eb3-47c0-8211-21465243f7c8","word":"retrieve","definition":"To get or bring something back from somewhere.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"retrever","root_meaning":"to find again, recover","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1520s","word":"retrieve","meaning":"to get back","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"retrever","meaning":"to find again, recover","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1100s","word":"trouver","meaning":"to find","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retrieval","recover","found","discover","retriever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fetch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reclaim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"16a685e4-dc49-433b-8622-e2589914c91a","word":"retro","definition":"Referring to things from the past, especially stylish or culturally significant items from a former era.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"retro","language_family":"latin","root":"retro","root_meaning":"backward, behind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*retros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"retro","meaning":"referring to the past","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retro","meaning":"backward, behind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["retrospective","retrograde","retrofitted","retroactive","retrovirus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vintage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"old-fashioned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throwback","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"a81d6d8a-aa75-4da6-8567-9de5d148693b","word":"return","definition":"To come or go back to a place or person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"retorno","language_family":"latin","root":"retornare","root_meaning":"to turn back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"return","meaning":"to come back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"retornare","meaning":"to turn back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tornare","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["returns","returned","returning","returnee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"come back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revert","formality":"formal"},{"word":"go back","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.420Z"}
{"id":"cadea95f-27ca-4349-bfea-f710ef90d855","word":"returned","definition":"Came or went back to a place or person; gave or sent something back.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"retornado","language_family":"latin","root":"tornare","root_meaning":"to turn on a lathe, shape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"returned","meaning":"past tense of return; came back","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"return","meaning":"to go back, come back","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"returner","meaning":"to turn back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tornare","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["return","returnable","returning","turn","turned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"came back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"went back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restored","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gave back","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"c786f72c-1373-4cda-9ed1-142e7a066e76","word":"returns","definition":"Plural of return; instances of coming back or the yields from an investment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retornos","language_family":"latin","root":"returnare","root_meaning":"to turn back","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"returns","meaning":"acts of returning or profits","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"return","meaning":"to go back","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"returner","meaning":"to turn back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["return","returning","returned","returnable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"profits","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yields","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comebacks","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"f0e9036a-e5be-4dc5-8134-c58d828b4481","word":"reunion","definition":"The act of uniting again after separation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reunión","language_family":"french","root":"reunir","root_meaning":"to unite again","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reunion","meaning":"The act of uniting again.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reunion","meaning":"reunion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"French"},{"era":"1300s","word":"union","meaning":"union","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unio","meaning":"oneness, unity","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unite","union","unity","reunite","joint","rejoinder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gathering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"get-together","formality":"informal"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"610b199d-f5e7-41a2-a55e-9d93db775da3","word":"reunite","definition":"To join or bring together again after separation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reunir","language_family":"latin","root":"unus","root_meaning":"one","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reunite","meaning":"to join or bring together again after separation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1400s","word":"unite","meaning":"to make one; join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unire","meaning":"to make one","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reunion","reunified","reunification","unite","united"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rejoin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regroup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reconcile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reunify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"5864705c-fa6a-4dfd-9c2d-f5ee32cab578","word":"reveal","definition":"To make known to others, often something previously secret or hidden.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"revelar","language_family":"latin","root":"revelare","root_meaning":"unveil, disclose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reveal","meaning":"make known","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"revelen","meaning":"to reveal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revelare","meaning":"to unveil, disclose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"velare","meaning":"to veil","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revelation","revealing","veil","unveil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disclose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divulge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"uncover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"777f87b4-6208-4f6f-98e2-5be9f4e09c84","word":"revelation","definition":"The act of revealing or disclosing something previously unknown or secret.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"revelación","language_family":"latin","root":"revelationem","root_meaning":"an uncovering, disclosure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revelation","meaning":"The act of revealing or disclosing something previously unknown or secret.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"revelation","meaning":"apocalypse, disclosure","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"revelationem","meaning":"an uncovering, disclosure","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"revelare","meaning":"to unveil, uncover","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reveal","revealed","revealing","revelatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disclosure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unveiling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"epiphany","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"67e1a6cb-1812-43bf-bbf8-e2e3adabe7ad","word":"revenge","definition":"The action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"revancha","language_family":"french","root":"revenchier","root_meaning":"to take revenge","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revenge","meaning":"The action of inflicting hurt or harm...","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"revenge","meaning":"vengeance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"revenchier","meaning":"to take revenge","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avenge","vengeance","retaliate","reprisal","requital"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vengeance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retaliation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reprisal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"requital","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"7ff85bb0-2138-46fd-9f74-25d80bad72be","word":"revenue","definition":"Income, especially the income of a government or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"renta","language_family":"french","root":"revenire","root_meaning":"to come back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revenue","meaning":"income or receipts","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"revenue","meaning":"return or income","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"revenu","meaning":"that which has returned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revenire","meaning":"to come back, return","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + venire","meaning":"again + to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revenues","revenuer","revenue-raising"],"synonyms":[{"word":"income","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receipts","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earnings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proceeds","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"d48773da-e53e-4638-a0e0-6c5e9f5ef9e7","word":"reverend","definition":"A title or style accorded to clergy or other religious figures.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"reverendo","language_family":"latin","root":"reverendus","root_meaning":"one who is to be revered","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reverend","meaning":"title for clergy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reverendus","meaning":"to be revered","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"revereri","meaning":"to stand in awe of, respect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revere","reverence","revered","irreverent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clergyman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"priest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"c36fb591-33ca-446c-81fc-ffa5e00a5c6a","word":"reverse","definition":"To turn inside out or upside down; to change to the opposite direction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"reverso","language_family":"latin","root":"reversus","root_meaning":"turned back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reverse","meaning":"To turn inside out or upside down; to change to the opposite direction.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reverser","meaning":"to turn back","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"reversus","meaning":"turned back (past participle of revertere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revert","version","avert","convert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"invert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transpose","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"5d09b41f-5bd1-48da-9369-14d7b29f4039","word":"review","definition":"An examination or assessment of something, or to look at something again.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"revista","language_family":"french","root":"re- + vue","root_meaning":"again + sight/view","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"review","meaning":"to examine or assess again","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"review","meaning":"to look at again","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"revue","meaning":"a looking again, inspection","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re- + videre","meaning":"again + to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["review","reviewer","reviewable","preview","overview"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assessment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"critique","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"survey","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.785Z"}
{"id":"1d43af6a-9e83-49c3-aa3b-3d9e08c59535","word":"reviewed","definition":"Examined or inspected something again, typically to assess its quality or accuracy.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"revisado","language_family":"french","root":"review","root_meaning":"to view again","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reviewed","meaning":"examined again","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"review","meaning":"to examine again","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"revue","meaning":"a viewing again","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"re- + vue","meaning":"again + sight","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["review","reviewer","reviewing","review","reviewable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inspected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scrutinized","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"eac002a5-f817-4eb4-b40b-8e8ceaafe611","word":"reviews","definition":"Assessments or evaluations of something; plural of review.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reseñas","language_family":"french","root":"revoir","root_meaning":"to see again","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"reviews","meaning":"plural assessments","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"review","meaning":"inspection, survey","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"revewe","meaning":"to see again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["review","reviewer","reviewing","reviewed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assessments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"evaluations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"critiques","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"1bb74f27-b5bf-4f37-b249-69c710be5f91","word":"revise","definition":"To re-examine and make alterations to something written or printed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"revisar","language_family":"latin","root":"revidere","root_meaning":"to look back, look again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revise","meaning":"to re-examine and alter","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"réviser","meaning":"to revise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revidere","meaning":"to look back, look again (re- 'again' + videre 'to see')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vision","review","visible","supervisor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"01c98562-dbc9-440f-8915-72654282166b","word":"revised","definition":"Past tense of revise; to review and correct or make changes to something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"revisado","language_family":"latin","root":"revidere","root_meaning":"to see again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revised","meaning":"corrected or improved by review","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"revise","meaning":"to review and correct","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"reviser","meaning":"to see again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revidere","meaning":"to see again, review","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revise","revision","reviser","video","view"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corrected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"edited","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amended","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.001Z"}
{"id":"60055eca-f025-4178-9e92-6a8c5ff7d78a","word":"revision","definition":"The action of reviewing and altering text or a document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"revisión","language_family":"latin","root":"revisere","root_meaning":"to look at again, to see again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"revision","meaning":"act of reviewing","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"revise","meaning":"to look at again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revisere","meaning":"to look at again","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revise","revised","reviser","revisory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"review","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amendment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"modification","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"9623027b-fa7d-4e00-bcae-685580803856","word":"revive","definition":"To bring back to life, consciousness, activity, or use.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"revivir","language_family":"latin","root":"revivere","root_meaning":"to live again","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷeyh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revive","meaning":"to bring back to life, consciousness, activity, or use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revivere","meaning":"to live again","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vivere","meaning":"to live","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*gʷeyh₃-","meaning":"to live","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revival","reviving","revived","revivify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resuscitate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"reanimate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"323a3319-0582-426a-87f0-4f8336e38989","word":"revolution","definition":"A forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"revolución","language_family":"latin","root":"revolutio","root_meaning":"a revolving, a return","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revolution","meaning":"overthrow of a system","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"revolution","meaning":"a turning around","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"revolutio","meaning":"a revolving, a return","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revolvere","meaning":"to roll back, turn around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"back, again","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"volvere","meaning":"to roll","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*wel-","meaning":"to turn, to roll","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revolve","evolve","involve","volume"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upheaval","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insurgency","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transformation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"a4754ea3-37c9-4412-abe8-b966259a5dc1","word":"revolutionary","definition":"Involving or causing a complete or dramatic change.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"revolucionario","language_family":"latin","root":"revolvere","root_meaning":"to roll back, turn around","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revolutionary","meaning":"Involving or causing a complete or dramatic change.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"revolution","meaning":"a turning around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revolutio","meaning":"a revolving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"revolvere","meaning":"to roll back, turn around","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revolution","revolve","revolt","evolution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"radical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transformative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groundbreaking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disruptive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"3d54553d-24d7-43aa-a518-5131641f6051","word":"revolver","definition":"A handgun with a rotating cylinder that holds several cartridges.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"revolver","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin revolvere","root_meaning":"to roll back; turn back","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"revolver","meaning":"a handgun with a rotating cylinder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"revolve","meaning":"to turn around; rotate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin revolvere","meaning":"to roll back; turn back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revolve","revolving","revolution","revolved","revolvable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pistol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handgun","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sidearm","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"464b6f3b-9654-4f36-aa43-12f27297b0ab","word":"rewind","definition":"To wind something back or play it again from an earlier point.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"windaną","root_meaning":"to turn, twist, wind","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rewind","meaning":"to wind something back or play it again from an earlier point","children":[{"era":"current","word":"re- + wind","meaning":"to wind back again","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"windaną","meaning":"to turn, twist, wind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wendʰ-","meaning":"to turn, twist","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wind","winding","wound","rewinder","rewinding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reverse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"back up","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"7c25c519-7a35-42e8-8fc2-eb32ab9d21b3","word":"rewrite","definition":"To write again or in revised form.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"writaną","root_meaning":"to scratch, write","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rewrite","meaning":"to write again or in revised form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"re-","meaning":"again; back","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"write","meaning":"to scratch, inscribe, or write","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"writaną","meaning":"to scratch, write","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["write","writer","written","writing","rewrite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"redraft","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reword","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"b708d10b-e713-4393-887e-9ae9d4cb6ca1","word":"rex","definition":"A king or ruler.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rey","language_family":"latin","root":"rex","root_meaning":"king","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rex","meaning":"a king","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rex","meaning":"king","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["regal","regnant","regulate","regime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monarch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"5fd95a94-29f7-41ef-bd26-b6ae294d4962","word":"rhetoric","definition":"The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"retórica","language_family":"greek","root":"rhētorikē","root_meaning":"the art of the orator","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"rhētorikḗ (ῥητορική)","meaning":"The art of the orator. From rhētōr (orator, speaker), from rhein (to speak).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rhetoric","meaning":"The art of persuasive speech.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"retórica","meaning":"Rhetoric.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["rhetorical","rhetorician","diarrhea"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oratory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"eloquence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"persuasion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2ed51af5-9156-4aa9-a0ca-be507800feef","word":"rhino","definition":"An informal word for a rhinoceros, and also slang for cash.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rinoceronte","language_family":"greek","root":"rhinokerōs","root_meaning":"nose-horned","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rhino","meaning":"an informal word for a rhinoceros; also slang for cash","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rhinoceros","meaning":"rhinoceros; literally nose-horned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rhis / rhin-","meaning":"nose","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"keras","meaning":"horn","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rhinoceros","rhinoplasty","rhinovirus","rhinocerial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rhinoceros","formality":"technical"},{"word":"horned mammal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"9e55236d-d5aa-40ad-ba71-c40bee5a90d1","word":"rhyme","definition":"A close similarity in the final sounds of two or more words or lines of verse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rime","root_meaning":"meter, rhythm","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rhyme","meaning":"close sound similarity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rime","meaning":"rhyme, rhythm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rīm*","meaning":"row, series, number","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rhythm","rhythmic","rhyming","unrhymed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"verse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poesy","formality":"literary"},{"word":"assonanc","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"9518a224-c3a0-4de9-a0a7-9c5a1715982d","word":"rhythm","definition":"A strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ritmo","language_family":"greek","root":"rhythmos","root_meaning":"measured flow, movement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"rhythmós (ῥυθμός)","meaning":"Measured flow, proportion, symmetry. From rhein (to flow).","children":[{"era":"1550s","word":"rhythm","meaning":"A regular repeated pattern.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"ritmo","meaning":"Rhythm.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["rhythmic","arrhythmia","polyrhythm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cadence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tempo","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"7be04def-dc5b-4055-98eb-3b3cbb1b8c59","word":"rhythmic","definition":"Characterized by rhythm or recurring patterned movement or sound.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rítmico","language_family":"greek","root":"ῥυθμός","root_meaning":"measured flow; rhythm","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rhythmic","meaning":"Characterized by rhythm or recurring patterned movement or sound.","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"rhythm","meaning":"A measured flow or arrangement of sounds or movements.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ῥυθμός","meaning":"measured flow; rhythm","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-ic","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-ικός","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rhythm","rhythmical","rhythmically","rhythmicity","arrhythmic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metrical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cadenced","formality":"literary"},{"word":"measured","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"9023664f-bcc9-4878-bdc2-b5058a860ba1","word":"rib","definition":"One of the curved bones that form the cage of the upper part of the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ribb","root_meaning":"rib","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rib","meaning":"one of the curved bones","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ribb","meaning":"rib","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*reb-","meaning":"rib","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ribbed","ribbon","ribald","riblet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"costa","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"5cc8ce22-e51c-4e27-b8c5-0f8209b29a35","word":"ribbon","definition":"A long, narrow strip of fabric, used for tying, decorating, or as an ornament.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"riban","root_meaning":"ribbon, band","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ribbon","meaning":"A narrow strip of fabric","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"riban","meaning":"ribbon, band","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["band","stripe","bind","riband","rib"],"synonyms":[{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tape","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"0ff4ccdf-874e-4682-9242-e3a1408a1cf0","word":"rice","definition":"A swamp grass (Oryza sativa) widely cultivated in warm climates for its grain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"arroz","language_family":"greek","root":"oryza","root_meaning":"rice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rice","meaning":"A swamp grass widely cultivated for its grain.","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"rice","meaning":"rice","children":[{"era":"12th c.","word":"ris","meaning":"rice","children":[{"era":"null","word":"arruzz","meaning":"rice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"oryza","meaning":"rice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"óryza","meaning":"rice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["risotto","paddy","ricer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cereal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"7037f4a5-2824-4bbf-8a22-88f3f12514ba","word":"rich","definition":"Possessing abundant wealth or valuable resources; of great value or fertility.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rico","language_family":"germanic","root":"rice","root_meaning":"mighty, powerful, rich","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rich","meaning":"wealthy, abundant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rich","meaning":"wealthy, powerful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rice","meaning":"mighty, powerful, rich","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rīce","meaning":"powerful, mighty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["riches","richly","richness","enrich"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wealthy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affluent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prosperous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"b71d9641-c066-4c3a-bc97-16af651b7688","word":"richard","definition":"A male given name of Germanic origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Ricardo","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old German Ricohard","root_meaning":"powerful ruler","root_language":"Old German","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Richard","meaning":"proper name","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Richard","meaning":"a given name","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Ricohard","meaning":"powerful ruler","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ric","meaning":"power, ruler","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Dick","Rich","Ricardo","Riccardo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Rick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Rich","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Ricardo","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"e47a8d67-c346-471c-96ae-56ad6e091aeb","word":"rick","definition":"A stack of hay, corn, or other material, neatly built and often thatched.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hreac","root_meaning":"pile, stack","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hraukaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rick","meaning":"stack of material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hreac","meaning":"pile, stack","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*hraukaz","meaning":"pile, heap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stack","heap","shock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shock","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"cdde8502-e69c-462d-827a-9d42c3eb6d77","word":"rid","definition":"To make free of something undesirable or burdensome.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"hriðja","root_meaning":"to clear, clean, rid","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hrudjan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rid","meaning":"to free from","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hridja","meaning":"to clear, rid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hrudjan","meaning":"to remove, clear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rescue","redeem","unburden","riddance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remove","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"7e2bb04e-61bc-422c-b773-d5a45938de4c","word":"riddle","definition":"A question or statement intentionally phrased so as to require ingenuity in ascertaining its answer or meaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ræ̅dels","root_meaning":"opinion, conjecture, enigma","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*redʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"riddle","meaning":"a puzzling question","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ræ̅dels","meaning":"opinion, conjecture, enigma","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ræ̅dan","meaning":"to advise, counsel, interpret","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["read","counsel","advise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puzzle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enigma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conundrum","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"b26bcd68-86be-4e24-b610-8ec66905b42d","word":"ride","definition":"To sit on and control a horse or vehicle, or a journey on such a vehicle.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ridan","root_meaning":"to ride or move on horseback","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ride","meaning":"to sit on and control a vehicle or animal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ride","meaning":"to sit on horseback","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ridan","meaning":"to ride or move on horseback","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rider","riding","ridden","riding crop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"travel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"journey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"drive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"828ce08e-4e13-4a8a-b298-417718ea8a05","word":"rider","definition":"A person who rides an animal or vehicle, or an additional clause to a document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ridan","root_meaning":"to ride","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reydʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rider","meaning":"One who rides","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ridere","meaning":"horseman, one who rides","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ridan","meaning":"to ride","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rīdanan","meaning":"to ride","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*reydʰ-","meaning":"to ride","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ride","road","raid","ready","rhythm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equestrian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"horseman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cyclist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passenger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"fca4f6a8-4566-4ce4-96aa-34f1330ecc2d","word":"ridge","definition":"A long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hrycg","root_meaning":"back, spine","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kreg-jo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ridge","meaning":"long narrow elevation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rigge","meaning":"ridge, back","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hrycg","meaning":"back, spine","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["back","rig","rygge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arête","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"a684e116-7399-4304-a169-2f1148252e3e","word":"ridicule","definition":"Ridicule is scornful mockery intended to make someone seem foolish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ridículo","language_family":"french","root":"ridere","root_meaning":"to laugh","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ridicule","meaning":"scornful mockery","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"ridicule","meaning":"mockery, laughingstock","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ridiculus","meaning":"laughable, ridiculous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ridere","meaning":"to laugh","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ridiculous","ridiculing","ridiculize","ridiculization","ridiculer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mockery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"derision","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scorn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"f91d5818-b942-488b-a72a-18d6421451e4","word":"ridiculous","definition":"Deserving or inviting mockery or derision.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ridículo","language_family":"latin","root":"ridiculus","root_meaning":"laughable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ridiculous","meaning":"Deserving or inviting mockery or derision.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ridiculosus","meaning":"laughable, funny","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ridere","meaning":"to laugh","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ridicule","deride","risible","humor","smile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absurd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ludicrous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preposterous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"3cd54049-3504-4c5f-8300-4a3d5ac2269a","word":"rig","definition":"(verb) To set up (equipment or a device) for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"rigga","root_meaning":"to bind, to wrap","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reyg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rig","meaning":"To set up equipment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rigga","meaning":"to bind, to wrap","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rigjan","meaning":"to bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rigging","outfit","attire","array"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outfit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"set up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"f7a4d36e-b9e7-4750-954c-0ba52a7b875e","word":"right","definition":"Morally or legally correct, or the direction opposite to left.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English riht","root_meaning":"straight, correct, proper","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rehtaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"right","meaning":"morally correct or the direction opposite left","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"riht","meaning":"straight, correct, proper","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"rehtaz","meaning":"straight","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["righteous","rightly","rights","rightful","upright"],"synonyms":[{"word":"correct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proper","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accurate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"e7d56695-a74e-4878-8e52-f2188ea68f79","word":"righteous","definition":"Acting in accord with divine or moral law; morally right or justifiable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rihtwīs","root_meaning":"right-wise, just, upright","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"righteous","meaning":"Acting in accord with divine or moral law; morally right or justifiable.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rihtwīs","meaning":"just, upright","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"riht","meaning":"right","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīs","meaning":"wise, way, manner","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["right","rightful","wisdom","wisely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"virtuous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"upright","formality":"literary"},{"word":"just","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"e3dc37fa-fa17-4f70-a28c-4ba26ccd1cd3","word":"righteousness","definition":"The quality of being morally right, just, or upright.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rihtwīs","root_meaning":"right-wise; just","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"righteousness","meaning":"the state or quality of being righteous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"righteous","meaning":"morally right; just","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rihtwīs","meaning":"right-wise; just","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"riht","meaning":"straight; right; just","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīs","meaning":"wise; manner; way","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"state or quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["right","righteous","rightly","rightful","rightness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uprightness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rectitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"probity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"justice","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"74357041-e2e7-400c-a1c4-c43e83996f9d","word":"rightful","definition":"Legally or morally entitled; justly belonging to someone.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*rehtaz","root_meaning":"straight, right, just","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rightful","meaning":"justly or lawfully belonging to someone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"right","meaning":"straight, proper, just","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rehtaz","meaning":"straight, right","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*reg-","meaning":"to straighten, direct","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["right","rights","righteous","rightness","unrightful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legitimate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lawful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"just","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"9e5a1d68-2a8f-4741-ad64-18ad49bf8a5b","word":"rights","definition":"Moral or legal entitlements or justifiable claims that a person has.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"derechos","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English riht","root_meaning":"straight, direct, correct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reg- (to move in a straight line)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rights","meaning":"entitlements or valid claims","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"right","meaning":"straight, correct, proper","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*reg-","meaning":"to move in a straight line, direct","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["right","rightful","rights-holder","rightly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entitlements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"freedoms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prerogatives","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.673Z"}
{"id":"ef62364f-baa2-4cae-bcbe-7a29959b93ff","word":"righty","definition":"An informal noun for a right-handed person or, in politics, a right-wing person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*rehtaz","root_meaning":"straight; right","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃reǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"righty","meaning":"an informal term for a right-handed person or a right-wing person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"right","meaning":"straight; correct; opposite of left","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rehtaz","meaning":"straight; right","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-y","meaning":"colloquial noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["right","rightie","right-hander","right-handed","right-wing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"right-hander","formality":"informal"},{"word":"right-winger","formality":"informal"},{"word":"conservative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"d0f64b5f-f341-4991-b5f9-a9e0d500ba15","word":"rigid","definition":"Rigid means stiff, inflexible, or not easily bent or changed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rígido","language_family":"latin","root":"rigidus","root_meaning":"stiff, hard, unyielding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rigid","meaning":"stiff, inflexible, or not easily bent or changed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rigidus","meaning":"stiff, hard, unyielding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rigēre","meaning":"to be stiff","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rigidity","rigidly","rigidness","rigidify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stiff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inflexible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unbending","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"ad004192-ddec-4a13-a709-9f90ec196f77","word":"rim","definition":"The outer edge or border of an object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rima","root_meaning":"border, edge, margin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rim","meaning":"the outer edge or border of an object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rima","meaning":"border, edge, margin","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*rimmaz","meaning":"border, edge","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["brim","edge","margin","circumference","outer edge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"border","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"e2604a93-75e0-4e1d-931f-9ea1483bbf77","word":"ring","definition":"A circular band of metal, plastic, or other material worn on the finger; or a circular shape or object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hring","root_meaning":"something bent or curved","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*krenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ring","meaning":"circular band","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ring","meaning":"something bent or curved","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hring","meaning":"curve, bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rung","wrung","ringlet","ringed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"aa17c025-1cae-4eb3-86fc-332ec19180c1","word":"rings","definition":"Circular bands, typically of metal, worn as jewelry, or circular marks or objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hring","root_meaning":"something curved or circular","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hrenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rings","meaning":"circular bands or objects","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ring","meaning":"circular band","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hring","meaning":"circular object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hrenk-","meaning":"to curve, to bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ring","ringing","ringed","wring","wringing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bands","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoops","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circlets","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"9dc1b6b6-f023-4a9a-a44e-b865ca2cc472","word":"ringtone","definition":"The sound made by a telephone to indicate an incoming call.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"hringan","root_meaning":"to sound, clang","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hrengan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ringtone","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"ring","meaning":"to sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hringan","meaning":"to sound, clang","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"tone","meaning":"musical or vocal sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ton","meaning":"sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonus","meaning":"sound, tone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ring","tone","ringing","tonal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jingle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"c9c3068f-9572-4ccc-ac61-135962f14f8f","word":"ringtones","definition":"Plural of ringtone; distinctive sounds used by phones to signal incoming calls or messages.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ring","root_meaning":"to produce a ringing sound","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hren-","etymology_tree":{"era":"2000s","word":"ringtones","meaning":"phone alert sounds","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"ringtone","meaning":"distinctive phone sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ring","meaning":"sound of a bell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hringan","meaning":"to ring, resound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ring","ringing","tone","ringtone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alert sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notification tone","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bell sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"eecec50b-6d73-4699-a08c-0a1708f370d9","word":"rink","definition":"A smooth enclosed surface or area prepared for skating or related sports.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hringaz","root_meaning":"ring, circle","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rink","meaning":"a smooth enclosed surface or area prepared for skating or related sports","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rink","meaning":"course; battlefield; ring","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"renc","meaning":"course; line; row","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"reng","meaning":"row; line; ring","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hring","meaning":"ring; circle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hringaz","meaning":"ring, circle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ring","rank","renk","reng"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arena","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"course","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"10077e53-09fc-49a5-a1b3-f9956f2a5318","word":"rinse","definition":"To wash lightly in clean water or a similar liquid.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rincer","root_meaning":"to rinse","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rinse","meaning":"to wash lightly in clean water or a similar liquid","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rinsen","meaning":"to rinse","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rincer","meaning":"to rinse; wash out","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rinsed","rinsing","rinser","rinseable","rinseless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleanse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flush","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"ebe5df92-d449-4a23-a149-d048e06a9434","word":"riot","definition":"A violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"riote","root_meaning":"dispute, quarrel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"riot","meaning":"violent disturbance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"riote","meaning":"dispute, quarrel","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rout","uproar","quarrel","fray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insurrection","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uprising","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"fe99099e-2ed0-4902-842d-9e3ea81e2486","word":"rip","definition":"To tear or pull apart forcefully; also used as an interjection expressing that something is finished or gone (Rest in Peace).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rippen","root_meaning":"to tear, to strip","root_language":"Middle Dutch / Low German","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":"*reip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rip","meaning":"to tear forcefully; also Rest in Peace","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rippen","meaning":"to tear, to strip","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*reip-","meaning":"to tear, to pull","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*reip-","meaning":"to tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European (proposed)"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic (proposed)"}],"language":"Middle Dutch / Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ripping","ripper","ripped","rip-off","unrip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lacerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shred","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sunder","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"309972c0-f51d-4307-8ef8-c5ba9a6dcf93","word":"ripe","definition":"(of fruit or grain) developed to a stage of readiness for harvesting and eating.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rīpe","root_meaning":"ready for reaping or eating","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rīpjaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ripe","meaning":"ready for harvesting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rīpe","meaning":"ready for reaping or eating","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rīpjaz","meaning":"ready for reaping","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rīpaną","meaning":"to reap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h₁reib-","meaning":"to pluck, to tear","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["reap","ripen","harvest","overripe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ready","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"developed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mellow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"09c0cfe9-76f0-47ea-9ff5-2d511444c35b","word":"ripper","definition":"A person or thing that rips; in informal British usage, something especially good or exciting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rip","root_meaning":"to tear or split open","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ripper","meaning":"one that rips","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rip","meaning":"to tear, cut open, or split apart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rip","ripped","ripping","ripcord","rip-off","ripper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tearer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shredder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lacerator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"5345a01e-4c73-4aa2-826a-bc45a3ecf438","word":"rise","definition":"To move upward or increase in height or position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"risan","root_meaning":"to rise, mount","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rise","meaning":"to move upward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"risan","meaning":"to rise, mount","children":[{"era":"BCE","word":"*er-","meaning":"to move, stir","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["risen","rising","arise","riser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ascend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"go up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"4b771bdb-710b-41bd-ae00-ff06e311ff6e","word":"risk","definition":"The possibility of danger, loss, or injury; to expose to the chance of loss or damage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"riesgo","language_family":"other","root":"risque","root_meaning":"to risk","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"risk","meaning":"possibility of loss or danger","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"risque","meaning":"to risk","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"risico","meaning":"danger, peril","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"risicum","meaning":"unclear origin","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["risky","risking","riskier","risky","hazard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"danger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hazard","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peril","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.999Z"}
{"id":"712ea481-edaa-4472-aa63-a2502054eb76","word":"risky","definition":"Full of the possibility of danger, failure, or loss.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"riesgoso","language_family":"latin","root":"risco","root_meaning":"danger, cliff","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"risky","meaning":"involving risk or danger","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"risk","meaning":"a situation involving exposure to danger","children":[{"era":"null","word":"risque","meaning":"risk","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"risco","meaning":"cliff, danger","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["risk","danger","hazardous","perilous","risqué"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dangerous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hazardous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chancy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"d102b786-013b-4943-9f4b-58657d72d71f","word":"risotto","definition":"Risotto is an Italian rice dish cooked to a creamy consistency by adding broth gradually.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"riso","root_meaning":"rice","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"risotto","meaning":"an Italian creamy rice dish","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"risotto","meaning":"rice dish; small rice preparation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"riso","meaning":"rice","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["riso","rice","risotto alla milanese","risottare","risottato"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rice dish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"savory rice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pilaf","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"45e100ad-f147-4cc8-b8f4-3f4eefdb4399","word":"rite","definition":"A rite is a fixed religious or ceremonial act.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rito","language_family":"latin","root":"ritus","root_meaning":"custom, religious observance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rite","meaning":"a fixed religious or ceremonial act","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ritus","meaning":"custom, religious observance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ritual","ritualize","ritualism","ritualistic","rites"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ceremony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ritual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"19c58f63-6874-4588-85cf-edaed79c4cac","word":"ritual","definition":"A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed in a prescribed order.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ritual","language_family":"latin","root":"ritus","root_meaning":"custom, usage, ceremony","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ritual","meaning":"a ceremony","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"ritualis","meaning":"pertaining to rites","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ritus","meaning":"custom, usage, ceremony","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rite","ritualistic","ritualize","custom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ceremony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"4597a073-c898-4a11-aa03-87379066cd69","word":"rivalry","definition":"The state or feeling of competing strongly with another person, group, or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rivalidad","language_family":"latin","root":"rivus","root_meaning":"stream, brook","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rivalry","meaning":"the state or feeling of competing strongly with another person group or thing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rival","meaning":"a competitor or opponent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rivalis","meaning":"of or belonging to the same stream; competitor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rivus","meaning":"stream, brook","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ry","meaning":"noun-forming suffix indicating a state or condition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"-erie","meaning":"abstract noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rival","rivals","rivaled","rivaling","rivalrous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"competition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antagonism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"b8cf6af8-6ca2-48b9-a71f-9a1553354510","word":"river","definition":"A large natural stream of water flowing toward the ocean, a lake, or another river.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"río","language_family":"latin","root":"riparia","root_meaning":"riverbank","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"river","meaning":"flowing body of water","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rivere","meaning":"river","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"riparia","meaning":"riverbank, shore","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["riverbank","riverside","riverbed","rivulet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waterway","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watercourse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"9a634268-468e-414e-a677-d4ae9fa8248a","word":"road","definition":"A way or route, typically paved, for vehicles and pedestrians to travel between places.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rad","root_meaning":"to ride or go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂reh₁d-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"road","meaning":"pathway for travel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"road","meaning":"act of riding or journey","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*h₂reh₁d-","meaning":"to ride","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rode","ride","roadway","roadside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"street","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pathway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"route","formality":"formal"},{"word":"way","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"15f26ecc-c2f0-4ae4-9b84-3999b0856898","word":"roam","definition":"To walk or travel without a definite aim or direction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*rāmian","root_meaning":"to aim, to prepare","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roam","meaning":"To walk or travel without a definite aim or direction.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ramen","meaning":"to wander","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rāmian","meaning":"to aim, to prepare","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rambler","roamer","ramble","rove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ramble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"20880cd9-ada6-4e1d-8e2d-ae89e6084b1f","word":"roar","definition":"To make a loud, deep, prolonged sound, typically by a large animal or a crowd.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rarian","root_meaning":"to roar","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rauzan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roar","meaning":"To make a loud, deep sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rarian","meaning":"to roar","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rauzan","meaning":"to roar","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roaring","roared","uproar","rerar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bellow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thunder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"4c808830-b0af-48aa-8978-a0bede10083e","word":"rob","definition":"To take property unlawfully from a person or place, typically by force or threat of force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"robar","language_family":"germanic","root":"*raubōną","root_meaning":"to plunder, to steal","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"Pre-1100","proto_root":"*Hrewp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rob","meaning":"to steal from","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"robben","meaning":"to plunder","children":[{"era":"11th century","word":"rober","meaning":"to pillage","children":[{"era":"Pre-1100","word":"*raubōną","meaning":"to plunder, to steal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["robber","robbery","bereave","reave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pilfer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plunder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burgle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"bc9cf7d3-e2bc-4445-a100-b2a33ce6bd8d","word":"robber","definition":"A person who commits robbery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"robador","language_family":"germanic","root":"*raubōną","root_meaning":"to seize, to plunder","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*Hrewp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"robber","meaning":"one who robs","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"robber","meaning":"one who robs","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"rober","meaning":"to rob, plunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*raubon","meaning":"to rob, plunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*raubōną","meaning":"to seize, plunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*Hrewp-","meaning":"to snatch, tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rob","robbery","ransom","reave","bereave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bandit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burglar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marauder","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"8e1dfdee-4940-4026-8372-2ec92adf3325","word":"robbery","definition":"The action of taking property unlawfully from a person or place by force or threat of force.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"robar","language_family":"germanic","root":"*raubōną","root_meaning":"to rob, plunder","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂rewbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"robbery","meaning":"act of robbing","children":[{"era":"current","word":"rob","meaning":"to steal by force","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"rober","meaning":"to rob, plunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*raubōną","meaning":"to plunder, strip","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rob","robe","bereave","robber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"theft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mugging","formality":"informal"},{"word":"burglary","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"c311d331-91c6-4f86-9c5e-95742d18902a","word":"robe","definition":"A long, loose outer garment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ropa","language_family":"germanic","root":"robe","root_meaning":"spoil, plunder, garment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*raubō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"robe","meaning":"long loose garment","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"robe","meaning":"garment, booty","children":[{"era":"pre-700","word":"*rauba","meaning":"booty, spoils","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*raubō","meaning":"booty, plunder, clothes","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rob","reave","raiment","robbery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cloak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vestment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"9aeb9b53-dd01-4405-8310-98516d1cd006","word":"robert","definition":"A male given name of Germanic origin meaning bright or shining.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Roberto","language_family":"germanic","root":"Hrodebert","root_meaning":"bright fame","root_language":"Old Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Robert","meaning":"male given name","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Robert","meaning":"bright fame","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Hrodebert","meaning":"bright fame (hrod=fame, berath=bright)","children":[],"language":"Old Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Rob","Robbie","Bert","Roberto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Bob","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Rob","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Robbie","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"400a4612-f18b-4997-84f2-9cb00b6385f8","word":"robot","definition":"A machine capable of carrying out complex actions automatically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"robot","language_family":"other","root":"robota","root_meaning":"forced labor, drudgery","root_language":"Czech","root_era":"1920s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~1000 AD","word":"robota","meaning":"Forced labor, drudgery.","children":[{"era":"1920","word":"robot","meaning":"Artificial worker (coined by Karel Čapek in R.U.R.).","children":[{"era":"1920s","word":"robot","meaning":"Automated machine.","language":"English"},{"era":"1920s","word":"robot","meaning":"Robot.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Czech"}],"language":"Czech"},"related_words":["robotic","robotics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"automaton","formality":"formal"},{"word":"android","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"a7ec742d-6eac-467b-8dc1-20a3f82f1bc4","word":"robust","definition":"Strong and healthy; vigorous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"robusto","language_family":"latin","root":"robustus","root_meaning":"strong, mighty, firm, hardy, full of sap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"robust","meaning":"strong and healthy","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"robust","meaning":"strong, solid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"robustus","meaning":"strong, mighty, firm, hardy, full of sap, made of oak","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"robur","meaning":"oak, hardwood, strength","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["corroborate","redwood","roborant","robustness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sturdy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigorous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"b7214c73-da00-4bb8-915c-44e8eb499900","word":"rock","definition":"A naturally occurring solid aggregate of mineral matter forming part of the earth's crust.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rocca","root_meaning":"rock, stone","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rock","meaning":"stone aggregate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rocke","meaning":"rock, stone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rocca","meaning":"rock, stone","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rocky","rockstone","bedrock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boulder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crag","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"d0d3993f-fbbf-4eb3-a8e8-1112ff0cbdcb","word":"rocker","definition":"A rocker is a curved support or mechanism that lets something rock back and forth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rock","root_meaning":"to move to and fro","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rocker","meaning":"a curved support or mechanism that rocks","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"rock","meaning":"to sway, move back and forth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"roccian","meaning":"to rock, shake, sway","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rock","rocked","rocking","rocker-arm","rocking-chair"],"synonyms":[{"word":"runner","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rocking support","formality":"technical"},{"word":"oscillator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"swinger","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"61fee288-c13d-476a-b02d-ff59008735b7","word":"rocky","definition":"Consisting of or full of rocks.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rocoso","language_family":"latin","root":"rocca","root_meaning":"rock","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rocky","meaning":"full of rocks","children":[{"era":"current","word":"rock","meaning":"a large mass of stone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"roque","meaning":"rock","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rocca","meaning":"rock","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rock","stone","crag","boulder","bedrock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rugged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craggy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jagged","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"22fef2da-da8a-4237-80cb-dadf4451dab3","word":"rod","definition":"A thin straight piece of wood or metal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rodd","root_meaning":"rod, pole","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rod","meaning":"thin straight piece","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rodde","meaning":"rod, pole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rodd","meaning":"rod, pole","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rood","rudder","fishing rod","lightning rod"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pole","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"816b6d45-6f95-4ca6-9450-7846f6e70994","word":"rodeo","definition":"A public exhibition of cowboy skills and horsemanship, originating from Spanish cattle roundups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rodeo","language_family":"latin","root":"rodear","root_meaning":"to surround, to go around","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":"*rota-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rodeo","meaning":"A public exhibition of cowboy skills.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"rodeo","meaning":"cattle round-up, enclosure","children":[{"era":"Old Spanish","word":"rodear","meaning":"to surround, go around","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotāre","meaning":"to rotate, turn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rota","meaning":"wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rotate","rotund","roll","routine","control"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roundup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhibition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"b5a675b2-f035-4f37-a0b7-6ef414c5192f","word":"role","definition":"A function, character, or part that someone or something plays or takes on.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rol","language_family":"french","root":"role","root_meaning":"list, roll of parchment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*rotula","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"role","meaning":"function or character played","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"role","meaning":"roll of parchment, list","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotula","meaning":"small wheel, scroll","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rota","meaning":"wheel, rotation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roles","playing","character","function","part"],"synonyms":[{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"function","formality":"formal"},{"word":"character","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"a8e2a2ad-e1f9-41c4-9fa4-ca468fbd574a","word":"roll","definition":"A cylindrical object formed by rolling something up, or to move by rotating.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rolle","root_meaning":"to roll, a roll of parchment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*rotula","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roll","meaning":"cylindrical form or rotational movement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"roll","meaning":"to turn over, to rotate","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"rolle","meaning":"scroll, roll of parchment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotula","meaning":"small wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roller","rolled","rolling","scroll","rotate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cylinder","formality":"formal"},{"word":"twist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rotate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scroll","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"93e340ed-2c3e-4b6d-ad9c-6e85584d0253","word":"roller","definition":"A cylinder used for rolling or pressing, or a person or thing that rolls.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rodillo","language_family":"french","root":"roler","root_meaning":"to roll","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*rotā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roller","meaning":"something that rolls","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"roll","meaning":"to turn over and over","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"roler","meaning":"to roll","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rota","meaning":"wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roll","rolling","stroll","scroll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cylinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"610cf0c9-6092-452f-a8c9-c8700a4f6afa","word":"rom","definition":"Read-only memory; a type of computer memory that stores data permanently and cannot be easily erased.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"read-only memory","root_meaning":"memory accessed for reading only","root_language":"English","root_era":"1950s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ROM","meaning":"read-only memory","children":[{"era":"1950s","word":"read-only memory","meaning":"computer memory that cannot be easily modified","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"read","meaning":"to advise, counsel, interpret","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"800s","word":"only","meaning":"sole, unique","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ROM","PROM","EPROM","RAM"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fixed memory","formality":"technical"},{"word":"permanent storage","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"c39c01dc-07ff-4110-98bc-5115ad806b7a","word":"roman","definition":"Relating to ancient or modern Rome or its people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"romano","language_family":"latin","root":"Romanus","root_meaning":"of Rome","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Roman","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Romanus","meaning":"of Rome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Roma","meaning":"Rome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Rome","Romania","romance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Latin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imperial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"6772c9c9-4e4c-4f10-9048-0a9251b7d524","word":"romance","definition":"A feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love; a literary genre depicting idealized love or adventure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"romance","language_family":"french","root":"romanice","root_meaning":"in the Roman manner","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"romance","meaning":"love story, adventure","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"romanz","meaning":"a story in the vernacular","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"romanice","meaning":"in the Roman manner","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["romantic","Roman","Romanesque","novel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"love affair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adventure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idyll","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"8056b9a0-608c-41df-9906-ec6fea8919bf","word":"romanian","definition":"Of or relating to Romania, the Romanian people, or the Romanian language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rumano","language_family":"latin","root":"Romania","root_meaning":"land of the Romans","root_language":"New Latin","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"romanian","meaning":"of or relating to Romania, the Romanian people, or the Romanian language","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Romania","meaning":"the modern country name built from Roman- + -ia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Romanus","meaning":"Roman","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Romania","Roman","Romanus","Romanians","Rumanian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Roumanian","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Rumanian","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Romanic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"5522aabc-1614-4c54-bbf1-e76658662f11","word":"romantic","definition":"Of, characterized by, or suggestive of an idealized, often adventurous, type of love.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"romántico","language_family":"french","root":"romance","root_meaning":"French language, vernacular narrative","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"romantic","meaning":"idealized love, pertaining to romance","children":[{"era":"1650s","word":"romantic","meaning":"like a romance, imaginary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"romance","meaning":"French language, vernacular narrative poem","children":[{"era":"Vulgar Latin","word":"romanice","meaning":"in the Roman manner","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["romance","romanticize","romantically","Roman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passionate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amorous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"idealistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sentimental","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"0f4b178e-96f0-4d40-84e9-af4f663f13bc","word":"romeo","definition":"A male lover; a romantic young man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Roma","root_meaning":"Rome","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Romeo","meaning":"a male lover","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Romeo","meaning":"male given name, from Roma","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Roma","meaning":"Rome","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["romantic","Rome","Roman","romance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suitor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admirer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charmer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"0160b8a0-7899-45ed-9f91-c52cdfe97687","word":"roof","definition":"The cover of a building, vehicle, or other structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hrof","root_meaning":"roof","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hrofaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roof","meaning":"The cover of a building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hrof","meaning":"roof","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hrofaz","meaning":"roof","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roofing","rooftop","roofless","roofer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ceiling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"976f8f39-b643-4318-ba1c-e4d8bd923ab3","word":"rooftop","definition":"A rooftop is the top surface of a building's roof.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rooftop","meaning":"the top surface of a building's roof","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"roof","meaning":"roof, covering of a building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *hrōfą","meaning":"roof, covering","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"top","meaning":"top, summit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *tuppaz","meaning":"tuft, top, summit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roof","roofs","roofed","roofing","top"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roof","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roof surface","formality":"formal"},{"word":"upper terrace","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"38ce840d-6d6f-4393-bdb9-dfda9c2da83b","word":"rook","definition":"A rook is a black, crow-like bird with a bare gray face.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hrōc","root_meaning":"rook; crow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rook","meaning":"a black, crow-like bird with a bare gray face","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hrōc","meaning":"rook; crow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rooks","rookery","rooky","rookish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"raven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corvid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"072d9d73-a8e9-4af9-8dd4-2e6267049c1a","word":"rookie","definition":"A person who is new to an organization, sport, or activity and lacks experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"recruit","root_meaning":"a newly enlisted soldier or member","root_language":"English","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rookie","meaning":"a new person","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"recruit","meaning":"new member, newly enlisted","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"recruter","meaning":"to raise, levy troops","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"recrescere","meaning":"to grow again, revive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"crescere","meaning":"to grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["recruit","recruitment","novice","fledgling","beginner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"novice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beginner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fledgling","formality":"informal"},{"word":"neophyte","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"38cd1c98-6b6e-4de6-9e75-ab18fe0b8bcd","word":"room","definition":"A space or area within a building enclosed by walls; space or capacity for something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rum","root_meaning":"space, open space","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reuma-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"room","meaning":"a place, a space in a building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rom","meaning":"space, capacity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rum","meaning":"space, open space","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*reuma-","meaning":"space","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["roomy","roommate","bedroom","bathroom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chamber","formality":"formal"},{"word":"space","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accommodation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"8c018b83-b75b-4459-853f-70e1dfe76722","word":"roommate","definition":"A person with whom one shares a room or apartment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rum, gemaca","root_meaning":"space, companion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rūma-, *ga-makōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roommate","meaning":"person sharing a room","children":[{"era":"current","word":"room","meaning":"space","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rum","meaning":"space","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rūma-","meaning":"space","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"mate","meaning":"companion","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"mate","meaning":"companion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gemaca","meaning":"companion","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ga-makōn-","meaning":"companion","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["room","roomy","chamber","companion","fellow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flatmate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"housemate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cohabitant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"a24e51fd-f025-42d9-aade-6984d803a735","word":"rooms","definition":"Plural of room; individual spaces within a building separated by walls.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"romas","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English rum","root_meaning":"space or room","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reuma-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rooms","meaning":"individual enclosed spaces","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"room","meaning":"space, area, chamber","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *raumaz","meaning":"space, expanse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["room","roomy","bedroom","roommate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chambers","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spaces","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compartments","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"d6e1d822-3f0e-4d0c-8eed-ac4a9c30de9c","word":"rooster","definition":"An adult male chicken.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"roost","root_meaning":"to perch","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*hrōstaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rooster","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"roost","meaning":"a perch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hrōst","meaning":"a perch, a roof","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*hrōstaz","meaning":"roost","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roost","hen","chick","poultry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chanticleer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"male chicken","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"69cbb7aa-3388-4345-836c-dc03f740f90e","word":"root","definition":"The part of a plant that grows below ground and absorbs water and nutrients.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wyrt","root_meaning":"plant, herb, root","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wrad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"root","meaning":"underground part of a plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"root","meaning":"root of a plant","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"wyrt","meaning":"plant, herb, root","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rooted","rootless","uproot","grassroot","beet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"radical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tuber","formality":"technical"},{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"0803c223-966c-4928-9b99-49e4f69510b5","word":"rope","definition":"A thick cord made of twisted or braided fibers, used for fastening, pulling, or climbing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rāp","root_meaning":"rope, cord","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rope","meaning":"thick twisted cord","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rāp","meaning":"rope, cord","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*raipaz","meaning":"rope, strap","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*reup-","meaning":"to snatch, tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roping","roped","ropey","roper","lasso"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"line","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cable","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hawser","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"91892b60-4e5e-4c78-b59c-0eb365eb1363","word":"roscoe","definition":"A slang term for a revolver or pistol.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roscoe","meaning":"slang for a revolver","children":[{"era":"19th–20th c.","word":"Roscoe","meaning":"a personal name used as the source of the slang term","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Roscoe","Roscoes","Rosco"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revolver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pistol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handgun","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"4b6901c0-37a0-4c33-b46a-8d3a3a8ff11a","word":"rose","definition":"A flowering shrub with thorny stems and fragrant blooms, or the past tense of rise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rosa","language_family":"latin","root":"rosa","root_meaning":"rose, flower","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rose","meaning":"a thorny flowering shrub or its bloom","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rose","meaning":"the flower rose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rosa","meaning":"rose, flower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rhodon","meaning":"rose","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rosy","rosebud","rosette","rosewater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flower","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bloom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blossom","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"85f2535a-f9c1-4529-b09e-32e96f11dd97","word":"rosemary","definition":"An aromatic evergreen shrub of the mint family, with narrow, needle-like leaves and blue flowers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"romero","language_family":"latin","root":"ros maris","root_meaning":"dew of the sea","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rosemary","meaning":"aromatic evergreen shrub","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rosmarin","meaning":"rosemary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ros marinus","meaning":"sea dew","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ros","meaning":"dew","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"maris","meaning":"of the sea","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marine","mariner","rosarian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"salvia rosmarinus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"herb","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"19a61925-1850-4db8-a579-041c0c1ddd4a","word":"roster","definition":"A list of people or things, especially one showing the order in which they are to perform duties or receive benefits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rooster","root_meaning":"a grill, grating, list","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roster","meaning":"a list","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"rooster","meaning":"list, gridiron, grill","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rooster","meaning":"grill, grating","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roast","gridiron","rotisserie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lineup","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"bd1c0e32-a384-4b9a-98e3-fbf33d5b47b9","word":"rosy","definition":"Having a pink or rose-colored hue, or showing hopeful optimism.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rosado","language_family":"latin","root":"rosa","root_meaning":"rose","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rosy","meaning":"pinkish; optimistic","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rose + -y","meaning":"formed from rose with the adjective suffix -y","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"rose","meaning":"rose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rosa","meaning":"rose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rose","roseate","rosiness","rosily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rose-colored","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"florid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"8c2a3dd7-6c11-495e-ba98-0b0ff212d74e","word":"rot","definition":"To decompose or decay.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rotna","root_meaning":"to decay","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rutana","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rot","meaning":"decompose; decay","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rotten","meaning":"to decay","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rotna","meaning":"to decay","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rutana","meaning":"to decay","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rotian","meaning":"to decay","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rotten","putrid","rust","erode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decompose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fester","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"putrefy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"1da9588f-546f-4942-b1ba-9eb06640442d","word":"rotary","definition":"Turning or designed to turn on an axis; rotating.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rotatorio","language_family":"latin","root":"rotare","root_meaning":"to turn, to rotate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*Hrot-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rotary","meaning":"Turning on an axis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotarius","meaning":"pertaining to a wheel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotare","meaning":"to turn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rota","meaning":"wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rotate","rotation","rotor","rotunda"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rotating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revolving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"turning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"b4785b0d-f073-4c7b-8a87-9cfd330b9768","word":"rotate","definition":"To turn around a central axis or to cycle positions in order.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"rotar","language_family":"latin","root":"rota","root_meaning":"wheel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rotate","meaning":"to turn around a central axis or cycle positions","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotāre","meaning":"to turn like a wheel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rota","meaning":"wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rotation","rotary","rotor","rotating","rotational"],"synonyms":[{"word":"turn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revolve","formality":"formal"},{"word":"twirl","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"23fd186c-73c9-40ff-95f2-2ae425194bfb","word":"rotation","definition":"The action of rotating around an axis or center.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rotación","language_family":"latin","root":"rotatio","root_meaning":"a turning round","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁reh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rotation","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotatio","meaning":"a turning round","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rota","meaning":"wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rotate","rotor","rotary","rotund","rotational"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revolution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"turn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pivot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"94512e1e-731f-452f-8e4f-ba3ba7ca1d86","word":"rotten","definition":"Undergoing decomposition; decaying or spoiled.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"rotinn","root_meaning":"decayed","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rotten","meaning":"Undergoing decomposition; decaying or spoiled.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rotin","meaning":"decayed, putrid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rotinn","meaning":"decayed, putrid","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rot","rotting","rottenness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decayed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spoiled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"putrid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"c902bcad-89b7-4b16-a889-2d8be66909ef","word":"rough","definition":"Having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ruh","root_meaning":"rough, hairy","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hreuhwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rough","meaning":"Having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level.","children":[{"era":"pre-1400","word":"ruh","meaning":"rough","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ruh","meaning":"rough, hairy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hreuhwaz","meaning":"rough","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rug","roughly","roughness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uneven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coarse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jagged","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"aa774781-01b2-467b-8976-53d299608be0","word":"roulette","definition":"A gambling game in which a ball is dropped on a revolving wheel with numbered compartments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ruleta","language_family":"french","root":"rouler","root_meaning":"to roll","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"roulette","meaning":"A gambling game with a revolving wheel.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"roulette","meaning":"small wheel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rouelle","meaning":"small wheel, disc","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotula","meaning":"small wheel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roll","roller","rotary","rotunda"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wheel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"game","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"34af77b0-e912-4bfd-9f11-729e8f8223d2","word":"round","definition":"Shaped like a circle or ball; or to move in a circular path.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"redondo","language_family":"latin","root":"rotundus","root_meaning":"round, rounded","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"round","meaning":"shaped like a circle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"round","meaning":"round, circular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rotundus","meaning":"round, rounded","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["round","rounded","rounding","roundness","rotund"],"synonyms":[{"word":"circular","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spherical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"globe-shaped","formality":"formal"},{"word":"curved","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"866fdaeb-3afc-46e4-8cc8-58989ef65a66","word":"route","definition":"A path or course taken to get from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ruta","language_family":"latin","root":"rupta","root_meaning":"broken, as in a broken path","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"route","meaning":"a course or path","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"route","meaning":"a way or course","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"via rupta","meaning":"broken way","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["routing","router","rout","routine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"way","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"course","formality":"formal"},{"word":"itinerary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"fcda81cb-b207-4fbc-941f-afd32f8c4d79","word":"routine","definition":"A sequence of actions regularly followed; a fixed program.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rutina","language_family":"french","root":"route","root_meaning":"a way, path","root_language":"French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*rotā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"routine","meaning":"A sequence of actions regularly followed; a fixed program.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"routine","meaning":"a regular course or procedure, road","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"route","meaning":"road, path, way","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rupta (via)","meaning":"broken (way), byway","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["route","rupture","interrupt","corrupt","abrupt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"custom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"habit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"4ad19b31-65de-4cf0-9b46-0b1a9e7e852a","word":"row","definition":"A line of things arranged side by side, or a noisy quarrel or dispute.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English rāw","root_meaning":"a line or succession","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*reuh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"row","meaning":"a line or quarrel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"row","meaning":"a line or succession","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"Germanic *rāwaz","meaning":"something stretched out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rower","rowing","rowdy","rowboat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"line","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarrel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"argument","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"87b27d35-c208-40e0-bfb7-3eee494d5f2c","word":"rowan","definition":"A Eurasian tree or shrub of the genus Sorbus, especially Sorbus aucuparia, with clusters of red berries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"reynir","root_meaning":"rowan tree","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rowan","meaning":"a Eurasian tree or shrub of the genus Sorbus, especially Sorbus aucuparia","children":[{"era":"middle english","word":"ron / rone","meaning":"earlier English forms of the tree name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"reynir","meaning":"rowan tree","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ron","rone","roan","reynir","rogn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mountain ash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mountain-ash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quickbeam","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"a1c52704-90d1-4089-87a4-457b961e51bc","word":"rowdy","definition":"Loud, disorderly, and boisterous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rowdy","meaning":"loud, disorderly, and boisterous","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"row","meaning":"uproar; noisy commotion","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"-dy","meaning":"expressive adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rowdiness","rowdyism","rowdyish","rowdily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boisterous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unruly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disorderly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"raucous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"b5c6bffa-c373-4603-a504-3cc011245636","word":"royal","definition":"Of, relating to, or belonging to a monarch or monarchy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"real","language_family":"latin","root":"Old French royal","root_meaning":"relating to a king","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"royal","meaning":"relating to a monarch","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"royal","meaning":"of or relating to a king","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"royal","meaning":"relating to a king","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regalis","meaning":"of a king, kingly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["royalty","royalist","reign","regal","regalia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kingly","formality":"literary"},{"word":"majestic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"monarchical","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"518d0ecb-f812-492a-8ca0-a1998726e766","word":"royalty","definition":"The status or power of a king or queen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"realeza","language_family":"french","root":"roialté","root_meaning":"royal dignity, regality","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"royalty","meaning":"The status or power of a king or queen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"roialté","meaning":"royal dignity","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"roial","meaning":"royal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regalis","meaning":"kingly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rex","meaning":"king","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*reg-","meaning":"to move in a straight line, to lead, to rule","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["royal","regal","realm","regent","regime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monarchy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereignty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kingship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"queenship","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"82ef8bcd-4451-45bb-8102-5cd89e821cbb","word":"rss","definition":"Rich Site Summary or Really Simple Syndication; a web feed format used to publish frequently updated content.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"RSS","root_meaning":"acronym for a feed format","root_language":"English","root_era":"1999","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"RSS","meaning":"web feed format for content syndication","children":[{"era":"1999","word":"RSS","meaning":"Rich Site Summary acronym","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["feed","syndication","blog","webfeed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"web feed","formality":"technical"},{"word":"feed","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"9f2702ab-f54e-4e19-9256-0272bf53f456","word":"rub","definition":"To move something vigorously and repeatedly over the surface of another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rubben","root_meaning":"to rub","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rub","meaning":"move vigorously over surface","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rubben","meaning":"to rub","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rubble","rubber","rubric","chafe","friction","scrub"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chafe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"massage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrub","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"bf70c382-387c-4a0a-a516-6b3588842cc8","word":"rubber","definition":"A tough elastic polymeric substance made from latex of a tropical plant or synthetically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rub","root_meaning":"to move one thing against another with friction","root_language":"English","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":"*rubbjanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rubber","meaning":"elastic substance","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"rub","meaning":"to move with friction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rubben","meaning":"to rub","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rub","rubble","friction","abrasion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elastomer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"latex","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"7ca71132-2f61-4c70-9856-a5bc951228cd","word":"rubbish","definition":"Waste material; refuse or debris.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"robous","root_meaning":"refuse, rubble","root_language":"Anglo-French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rubbish","meaning":"waste material","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"ruboys","meaning":"rubbish","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"robous","meaning":"refuse, rubble","children":[],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rubble","waste","refuse","rubble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"garbage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"debris","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"ae88ce2c-8ad3-4719-8968-577e9d16821b","word":"ruble","definition":"The basic monetary unit of Russia and some neighboring states.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rublo","language_family":"other","root":"рубить","root_meaning":"to chop or cut","root_language":"Old East Slavic","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ruble","meaning":"the basic monetary unit of Russia and some neighboring states","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"рубль","meaning":"a ruble; originally a cut-off piece of silver","children":[{"era":"pre-1300","word":"рубить","meaning":"to chop or cut","children":[],"language":"Old East Slavic"}],"language":"Russian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rouble","rubles","rubl","rubli","ruble-denominated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rouble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rubl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Russian currency","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"b9f42aca-e90d-44da-b917-8144faf82011","word":"ruby","definition":"A precious stone, a variety of corundum, varying in color from deep crimson to purplish red.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rubí","language_family":"latin","root":"ruber","root_meaning":"red","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁rewdʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ruby","meaning":"red gemstone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rubie","meaning":"ruby","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"rubinus","meaning":"red (stone)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ruber","meaning":"red","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rubescent","rubella","rubric","rubefacient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carmine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"crimson","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scarlet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"706c237e-6c52-4124-b313-1f8019be9f46","word":"rudder","definition":"A flat steering device, usually a vertical blade, used to control the direction of a boat, ship, or aircraft.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English roðor","root_meaning":"rudder, oar","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rudder","meaning":"a steering device for a vessel or aircraft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"roðor","meaning":"rudder; oar used for steering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *roþra-","meaning":"rudder, paddle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rudderless","rudderpost","rudderstock","rother"],"synonyms":[{"word":"helm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steering oar","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"e45187e5-d359-4eda-b1fa-7a84999aad60","word":"rude","definition":"offensively impolite or ill-mannered.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rudo","language_family":"latin","root":"rudis","root_meaning":"unrefined, rough, raw, ignorant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rude","meaning":"impolite","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"rude","meaning":"rough, unrefined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rudis","meaning":"unrefined, rough, raw, ignorant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rudimentary","erudite","crude","rough"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impolite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncivil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discourteous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blunt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"3ec4827b-12ad-4be6-8a85-7c5e41dcc750","word":"rudy","definition":"Having a healthy red color; reddish.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rudig","root_meaning":"red, reddish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rūða","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ruddy","meaning":"Having a healthy red color; reddish.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rudig","meaning":"red, ruddy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rūða","meaning":"redness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["red","rust","rubella"],"synonyms":[{"word":"florid","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rosy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanguine","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"01bce4ea-69d4-41ad-8f9e-f7f4c35efed5","word":"rue","definition":"To bitterly regret (something one has done or allowed to happen).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hrēowan","root_meaning":"to grieve, regret","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hreuwana-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rue","meaning":"to regret","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hrēowan","meaning":"to grieve, regret","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hreuwana-","meaning":"to grieve","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ruth","ruthless","rueful","regret"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lament","formality":"literary"},{"word":"deplore","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"a2c7dc0d-0c00-4a64-a436-eb2b54002c28","word":"rug","definition":"A floor covering, typically smaller than a carpet, often with a thick pile.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"rogg","root_meaning":"shaggy tuft, coarse hair","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rug","meaning":"A floor covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rogg","meaning":"shaggy tuft","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shaggy","rag","rugged","carpet","mat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carpet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"runner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"0dafa9bb-c760-4807-bcd8-f3787d5b815f","word":"rugby","definition":"A team sport played with an oval ball that may be carried or kicked, originating at Rugby School.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Rugby","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rugby","meaning":"A team sport played with an oval ball that may be carried or kicked, originating at Rugby School.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Rugby School","meaning":"A public school in Rugby, England, where the sport originated.","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rugger","scrum","try","ruck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rugby football","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rugger","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"9dee3243-b035-415b-ad95-f6553bdeff21","word":"rugged","definition":"Having a rough, uneven, or strongly contoured surface or appearance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"rǫgg","root_meaning":"tuft, shagginess","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rugged","meaning":"rough, uneven, or strongly contoured","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English rugged / roggyd / ruggyd","meaning":"rough, shaggy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old Norse rǫgg","meaning":"tuft, shagginess","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ed","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rug","ruggedly","ruggedness","rugging","rugginess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craggy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uneven","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"f7dddb94-5e4a-477a-b359-864161a3bda2","word":"ruin","definition":"The physical destruction or disintegration of something or the state of being destroyed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ruina","language_family":"latin","root":"ruina","root_meaning":"a falling down, collapse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ruin","meaning":"destruction","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"ruine","meaning":"fall, collapse, destruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ruina","meaning":"a falling down, collapse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ruinous","ruination","rudimentary","rubble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destruction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wreckage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"85ab6ba5-0157-45a2-b422-db480fee191f","word":"rule","definition":"An authoritative regulation, principle, or instruction governing conduct or procedure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regla","language_family":"latin","root":"regula","root_meaning":"straight stick, straightedge, rule","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rule","meaning":"authoritative principle or regulation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rule","meaning":"principle, regulation","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"reule","meaning":"rule, principle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regula","meaning":"straightedge, rule, measure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ruler","rules","ruled","ruling","regular"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regulation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"law","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"30ac2ba5-7207-41a7-a561-d23001ceb00c","word":"ruler","definition":"A person exercising government or dominion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"regir","language_family":"latin","root":"regula","root_meaning":"straight stick, pattern, rule","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ruler","meaning":"a person exercising government or dominion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"riule","meaning":"rule","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regula","meaning":"straight stick, pattern, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rule","regulate","regulation","regime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monarch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"},{"word":"governor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leader","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"a97ab161-6194-4a22-a35e-20de6c6d793d","word":"rules","definition":"regulations or principles that govern conduct or procedure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"reglas","language_family":"latin","root":"regula","root_meaning":"straight stick, rule, guide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rules","meaning":"regulations, governing principles","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rule","meaning":"rule, guide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regula","meaning":"straight stick, rule, pattern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"regere","meaning":"to direct, guide, rule","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rule","ruler","ruling","regulation","regular"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regulations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"laws","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidelines","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"390b074b-6fa7-4ba4-a30d-3309be53af0a","word":"rum","definition":"An alcoholic liquor distilled from sugar cane products.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ron","language_family":"other","root":"rumbullion","root_meaning":"a great tumult or uproar","root_language":"English/dialectal","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rum","meaning":"alcoholic spirit","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"rum","meaning":"shortening of rumbullion","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"rumbullion","meaning":"a great tumult, uproar (or possibly from 'saccharum' Latin for sugar)","children":[],"language":"English (dialectal)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rumbullion","punch","grog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liquor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firewater","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"a994557c-83ef-4a31-b4c4-5d7e00985983","word":"rumble","definition":"To make a deep, resonant, continuous sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rumblen","root_meaning":"to make a rumbling sound","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*gʰrem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rumble","meaning":"make deep continuous sound","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rumblen","meaning":"to make a rumbling sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gʰrem-","meaning":"to rumble, grumble","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rumbling","grumble","hum","mutter","rattle","thrum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rattle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vibrate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"d594701c-812d-4cc0-8db9-098cf34c2818","word":"rumor","definition":"A currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rumor","language_family":"latin","root":"rumor","root_meaning":"noise, outcry, common talk","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*rewH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rumor","meaning":"an unverified story","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rumor","meaning":"rumor, noise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rumor","meaning":"noise, outcry, common talk, rumor","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*rewH-","meaning":"to roar, bellow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hum","rumble","clamor","report","murmur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gossip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hearsay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"report","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speculation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"39d92984-b876-4e06-be2e-b3eac0084a75","word":"rumour","definition":"A currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"rumor","language_family":"latin","root":"rūmor","root_meaning":"noise, outcry, common talk","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rumour","meaning":"unverified story","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rumour","meaning":"noise, fame","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rūmor","meaning":"noise, outcry, common talk","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rumor","rumination","rumble","murmur","rumormonger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gossip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hearsay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whisper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speculation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"1cb5e939-e38e-4c80-afde-628345b52754","word":"run","definition":"To move swiftly using one's legs; or to operate or function.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rinnan","root_meaning":"to flow or run","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*er-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"run","meaning":"to move swiftly or operate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"runnen","meaning":"to flow or run","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rinnan","meaning":"to run or flow","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"rinnan","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["runs","running","runner","runny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sprint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"function","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"ec90c967-412c-4d33-9cb8-b87e7d363172","word":"runaway","definition":"Someone or something that has run away or escaped.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"run","root_meaning":"to move quickly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"runaway","meaning":"one who has run away","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"run","meaning":"to run","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"away","meaning":"from a place","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["run","escape","flee","runner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fugitive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deserter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"escapee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"cdd34367-aace-42a8-a555-5736747577b9","word":"runner","definition":"A person or animal that runs, especially in a race.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rinnan","root_meaning":"to run, flow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃rem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"runner","meaning":"A person or animal that runs, especially in a race.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"renner","meaning":"one who runs","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rynnan","meaning":"to run","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rinnan","meaning":"to run, flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["run","running","sprint","jog","race"],"synonyms":[{"word":"racer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"athlete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jogger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprinter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"6786ae48-a6e3-4714-9207-a2f938b5e690","word":"running","definition":"Moving rapidly by lifting feet off the ground in quick succession.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"run","root_meaning":"to flow, run","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*run-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"running","meaning":"moving rapidly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"run","meaning":"to flow, move","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"rnan","meaning":"to run, flow","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["run","runner","runs","runny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sprinting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"racing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jogging","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"f8054ea8-d49a-4a3c-aaff-a1f0826327f9","word":"runs","definition":"Plural of run; moves quickly on foot or executes something repeatedly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rinnan","root_meaning":"to run, flow","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*srenw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"runs","meaning":"moves quickly or executes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"run","meaning":"to run, flow","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"rinnan","meaning":"to run, flow","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["runner","running","runny","runaway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sprints","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dashes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"executes","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"37c6f8b8-c021-4717-9542-c65b4e2dcbae","word":"runt","definition":"A runt is the smallest or weakest member of a litter or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"runt","meaning":"the smallest or weakest member of a litter or group","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"runt","meaning":"a small, stunted animal or person","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["runty","runtish","runtiness","runted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weakling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shrimp","formality":"informal"},{"word":"small fry","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"b2ad6927-5168-4751-8a00-3d41c15a1706","word":"runway","definition":"A strip of land on which aircraft take off and land, or a narrow platform used by models in fashion shows.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"run + way","root_meaning":"to move quickly + path","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rennan + *wegaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"runway","meaning":"strip for aircraft or models","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"run","meaning":"to move quickly","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"way","meaning":"path","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["run","way","pathway","run-off"],"synonyms":[{"word":"airstrip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"catwalk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"74823062-8565-4242-a712-e4ee3c342e79","word":"rupture","definition":"A break, split, or tearing apart.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ruptura","language_family":"latin","root":"ruptūra","root_meaning":"a breaking","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*reup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rupture","meaning":"a break, split, or tearing apart","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rupture","meaning":"break; fracture; breach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ruptūra","meaning":"a breaking; rupture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rumpere","meaning":"to break; burst","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ruptured","rupturing","rupturable","rupture-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fracture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"split","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breach","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"00b2a4c5-01b3-4b0b-ac6e-ea81033a31c9","word":"rural","definition":"Relating to, located in, or characteristic of the countryside rather than cities or towns.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"rural","language_family":"latin","root":"ruralis","root_meaning":"of the countryside","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rural","meaning":"of or relating to the countryside","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"rural","meaning":"of the countryside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ruralis","meaning":"of the countryside","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"rus","meaning":"countryside, estate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rustic","rural","country","agrarian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"countryside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rustic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastoral","formality":"formal"},{"word":"agricultural","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"822d5bbc-0564-44f2-942e-322a1ada9d58","word":"rush","definition":"To move or act with urgent haste.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"rusher","root_meaning":"to push, to drive back","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rush","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rusher","meaning":"to push, to drive back","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impetus","push","thrust","haste"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hasten","formality":"formal"},{"word":"speed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"9251ae6c-a2aa-4570-ad47-c0a2adc49b4d","word":"russia","definition":"A large country in Eastern Europe and northern Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Rusia","language_family":"other","root":"Rus","root_meaning":"a group of Varangian traders","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Russia","meaning":"large Eastern European nation","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Russia","meaning":"the eastern Slavic state","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Russie","meaning":"the Russian principality","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Rus","meaning":"Varangian traders","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Russian","Russes","Muscovy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Russian Federation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"3bf1ee2f-2de6-455b-8b08-6fc7dfe10254","word":"russian","definition":"Relating to Russia, its people, or their language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ruso","language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle English Russie","root_meaning":"the land of the Rus","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Russian","meaning":"relating to Russia","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Russian","meaning":"of or relating to Russia","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Russie","meaning":"Russia","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Rus","meaning":"the people, rowers","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Russia","Russo-","Russophile","Russophone","Russian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Slavic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Muscovite","formality":"historical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"dfb889a4-17f9-4b61-9675-25cd159422f2","word":"rust","definition":"Rust is the reddish-brown corrosion that forms on iron or steel when exposed to moisture and oxygen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*rustaz","root_meaning":"rust","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁rewdʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rust","meaning":"reddish-brown corrosion on iron or steel","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rust","meaning":"rust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rūst","meaning":"rust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rustaz","meaning":"rust","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*rudʰso-","meaning":"red","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rusty","rusting","rusted","rustproof","derust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corrosion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"oxidation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"scale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"28200b5c-a113-4e64-8d8a-5d6cfb473a98","word":"rustle","definition":"To make a soft, muffled crackling sound, as of dry leaves or paper.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hrustlian","root_meaning":"to rustle (onomatopoeic)","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rustle","meaning":"to make a soft, muffled sound","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"rustlen","meaning":"to rustle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hrustlian","meaning":"to rustle","children":[],"language":"Old English (hypothetical)"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rustling","rustler","hustle","bustle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whisper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crackle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"a7529574-ed18-40f5-9e78-88c18446f256","word":"rusty","definition":"Covered with or affected by rust; impaired or deteriorated by lack of use.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"rust","root_meaning":"rust","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*rudʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"rusty","meaning":"covered with rust","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"rusti","meaning":"rusty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rust","meaning":"rust","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*rustaz","meaning":"rust","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*rudʰ-","meaning":"red","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rust","reddish","rubiginous","rusting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corroded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oxidized","formality":"technical"},{"word":"impaired","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decrepit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"9b0225f1-3ca1-4c6b-8c8a-24b2c43e93d0","word":"ruth","definition":"A feeling of pity, distress, or grief.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hreowan","root_meaning":"to rue, to regret, to be sorry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*khrewan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current (archaic)","word":"ruth","meaning":"pity, compassion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"reuthe","meaning":"pity, sorrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hreowan","meaning":"to rue, to regret","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English (archaic)"},"related_words":["rue","ruthless","rueful","regret","sorrow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pity","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"compassion","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"sorrow","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"832d9c06-ba5d-4a64-8877-b48cd40357c1","word":"ruthless","definition":"Having no pity or compassion for others.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ruth + -less","root_meaning":"pity, compassion + without","root_language":"Old English (hreow) + Germanic (-leas)","root_era":"pre-1100 (for 'ruth'), 1200s (for 'ruthless')","proto_root":"*kreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ruthless","meaning":"Having no pity or compassion.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ruth","meaning":"pity, compassion","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rue","rueful","comfortless","hopeless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merciless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cruel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfeeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brutal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"e183fdd2-d96e-4fb1-9ad2-3bde63be5018","word":"sabbath","definition":"A day set aside for rest and worship, especially in Judaism and Christianity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sábado","language_family":"other","root":"šabbāt","root_meaning":"rest; cease","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sabbath","meaning":"a day set aside for rest and worship, especially in Judaism and Christianity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sabbat","meaning":"Sabbath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sabbatum","meaning":"Sabbath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sabbaton","meaning":"Sabbath","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"šabbāt","meaning":"rest; cease","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Sabbath","sabbatical","sabbathless","sábado","sabbatum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rest day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holy day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"day of rest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"ade9aa0d-4d58-4d25-8a80-c4ce487d7764","word":"saber","definition":"A heavy cavalry sword with a curved, single-edged blade, originating in Central Asian and Eastern European warfare.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sable","language_family":"other","root":"szablya","root_meaning":"to cut (from szabni, to cut)","root_language":"Hungarian","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saber","meaning":"curved cavalry sword","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"sabre","meaning":"curved sword","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Säbel","meaning":"curved sword","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"szablya","meaning":"cutting weapon, from szabni (to cut)","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"szabla","meaning":"curved sword","children":[],"language":"Old Polish"}],"language":"Hungarian"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"American English"},"related_words":["sabre","saber-rattling","sabretooth","sabermetrics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cutlass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scimitar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sword","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blade","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"cf48aabf-1e34-4172-bf94-f0c32e8a8357","word":"sabine","definition":"Relating to the Sabines, an ancient Italic people of central Italy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Sabinus","root_meaning":"Sabine; of the Sabines","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sabine","meaning":"relating to the Sabines","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Sabine","meaning":"Sabine; of the Sabines","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Sabinus","meaning":"Sabine, belonging to the Sabines","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Sabini","meaning":"the Sabines","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Sabines","Sabinian","Sabellian","Sabinean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Sabellian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Italic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Osco-Umbrian","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"62f19797-ba78-4801-a411-a59c9e97f733","word":"sabotage","definition":"Deliberately destroy, damage, or obstruct (something), especially for political or military advantage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sabotaje","language_family":"french","root":"sabot","root_meaning":"wooden shoe","root_language":"French","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sabotage","meaning":"deliberate destruction","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"sabotage","meaning":"to damage with sabots; to impede work","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sabot","meaning":"wooden shoe","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["saboteur","sabot","sabotageur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disrupt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vandalize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undermine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"492e91f5-8db6-4a19-8a65-7d5c80a1ea7c","word":"sack","definition":"A large bag made of a strong material for holding goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"saco","language_family":"germanic","root":"sacc","root_meaning":"sack, bag","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*saq-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sack","meaning":"a bag","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sacc","meaning":"large bag","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"śaq","meaning":"sackcloth, bag","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"saccus","meaning":"bag","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"sakka","meaning":"sackcloth","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sachel","sackcloth","rucksack","pouch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pouch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"95ec737f-17c6-408e-b93b-10d4674a03e2","word":"sacred","definition":"Connected with God or a god or dedicated to a religious purpose and so deserving veneration.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sagrado","language_family":"latin","root":"sacer","root_meaning":"holy, sacred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₂k-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sacred","meaning":"connected with God or a god or dedicated to a religious purpose and so deserving veneration","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sacre","meaning":"sacred, consecrated","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sacer","meaning":"holy, sacred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["consecrate","sacrament","sacrifice","saint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"holy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hallowed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"f7e7b4ca-9132-4f34-ac78-bdeabb107545","word":"sacrifice","definition":"The act of offering something to a deity, or giving up something valued for the sake of something else regarded as more important.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sacrificio","language_family":"latin","root":"sacrificium","root_meaning":"a sacrifice, an offering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sacrifice","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sacrefice","meaning":"religious offering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sacrificium","meaning":"a sacrifice, an offering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sacrificare","meaning":"to make sacred, to perform a sacrifice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sacer","meaning":"sacred, holy","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sacerdotal","sacrosanct","consecrate","defile","sacred","fact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oblation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"renunciation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atonement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"080d8200-a499-4a4b-9ea7-dd21fca65ac3","word":"sad","definition":"Feeling or showing sorrow; unhappy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sæd","root_meaning":"sated, weary, sorrowful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sadaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sad","meaning":"unhappy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sæd","meaning":"sated, weary, sorrowful","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sadaz","meaning":"sated","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sate","satiate","sorrow","sadness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unhappy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sorrowful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dejected","formality":"formal"},{"word":"miserable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"e083b147-f8a8-4775-b63f-f08a782bd943","word":"saddle","definition":"A seat for a rider on the back of a horse or other animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"silla","language_family":"germanic","root":"sadol","root_meaning":"seat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saddle","meaning":"A seat for a rider on the back of a horse.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"saddle","meaning":"seat for riding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sadol","meaning":"seat","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sit","seat","session","assiduous","supersede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pillion","formality":"technical"},{"word":"crupper","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"9a6afff1-8305-49a8-bef7-32932b11dfc8","word":"sadistic","definition":"Deriving pleasure, especially sexual gratification, from inflicting pain, cruelty, or humiliation on others.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sádico","language_family":"other","root":"Sade","root_meaning":"eponym from the Marquis de Sade, French author notorious for writings depicting sexual cruelty","root_language":"French","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sadistic","meaning":"deriving pleasure from cruelty","children":[{"era":"1886","word":"sadism","meaning":"pathological pleasure in cruelty; coined by Krafft-Ebing in Psychopathia Sexualis","children":[{"era":"late 1800s","word":"sadistic","meaning":"of or relating to sadism","children":[{"era":"1740–1814","word":"de Sade, Donatien Alphonse François","meaning":"aristocratic author whose works depicted extreme cruelty","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"German / French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sadism","sadist","sadomasochism","masochistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cruel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barbarous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vicious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"220d0776-a852-4369-837a-262b46840d62","word":"sadness","definition":"The state or emotion of being unhappy or sorrowful.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*sadaz","root_meaning":"satiated, full","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sadness","meaning":"The state of being sad.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sadness","meaning":"sorrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sad","meaning":"satiated, weary, sorrowful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sadaz","meaning":"satiated","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sad","sadly","sorrow","unhappy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sorrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unhappiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"melancholy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"b578bc04-4df6-4898-9a02-22781dd3a2ad","word":"safari","definition":"An expedition to observe or hunt wild animals, especially in East Africa.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"safari","language_family":"other","root":"safar","root_meaning":"journey","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 AD","word":"safar","meaning":"Journey, travel.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"safari","meaning":"Expedition, journey.","children":[{"era":"1860s","word":"safari","meaning":"Wildlife expedition.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"safari","meaning":"Safari.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Swahili"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["expedition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expedition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adventure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"b16296f9-b94d-4a50-9580-1067358ef94b","word":"safe","definition":"Protected from danger or harm; not exposed to risk.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"salvo","language_family":"latin","root":"salvus","root_meaning":"whole, unharmed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"safe","meaning":"protected from danger","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"safe","meaning":"safe, secure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvus","meaning":"whole, unharmed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["safely","safety","safeguard","unsafe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"protected","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"7d4f7b70-9270-47a1-a69a-5c9c26ecb655","word":"safety","definition":"The condition of being protected from danger, risk, or injury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"seguridad","language_family":"french","root":"sauf","root_meaning":"safe, protected","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"safety","meaning":"protection from danger","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"safe","meaning":"secure, protected","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sauf","meaning":"safe, protected","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["safe","safely","safer","safeguard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"security","formality":"formal"},{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wellbeing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeness","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"42a2b319-8930-457d-91d1-b62a7e9c5623","word":"saga","definition":"A long, often heroic or legendary narrative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"*sagǭ","root_meaning":"saying; story","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saga","meaning":"a long legendary narrative","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"saga","meaning":"story, tale","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sagǭ","meaning":"saying, story","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sekʷ-","meaning":"to say","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sagas","sagalike","sagaman","minisaga","Aga saga"],"synonyms":[{"word":"epic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"tale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chronicle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"424f5f01-4b70-4f44-b3ae-4ff48762f39d","word":"sage","definition":"A profoundly wise person, especially one who imparts wisdom.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sabio","language_family":"latin","root":"sapere","root_meaning":"to taste, to discern, to be wise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₁p-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sage","meaning":"a wise person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sage","meaning":"wise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sapere","meaning":"to be wise, to taste","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sapient","savoir","presage","insipid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guru","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"philosopher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wise man","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"f861bf64-c382-400f-af0b-2a301e4a8dde","word":"said","definition":"Past tense of say; spoken or uttered.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"secgan","root_meaning":"to say, speak","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"said","meaning":"past tense of say","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"saide","meaning":"said","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"secgan","meaning":"to say, speak","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["say","saying","says","unsaid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uttered","formality":"formal"},{"word":"told","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"9d3cbe2a-6558-4d86-97fa-0b9707972b11","word":"sail","definition":"To travel in a boat or ship propelled by sails or engine.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seglan","root_meaning":"to sail","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seglaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sail","meaning":"to travel in a boat or ship propelled by sails or engine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seglian","meaning":"to sail","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sailor","sailing","seascape","ship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cruise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"navigate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"voyage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"364327be-e687-4a27-a24f-b753a0392069","word":"sailor","definition":"A person who works on a ship as a member of the crew.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"segl","root_meaning":"a piece of fabric to catch wind","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*segla-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sailor","meaning":"one who sails","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"sail","meaning":"a piece of fabric to catch wind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"segl","meaning":"sail","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"13th century","word":"-or","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["sail","sailing","sailfish","seaman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mariner","formality":"literary"},{"word":"seafarer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crewman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"48d1d79f-c32d-476f-b680-08c0cd24667a","word":"saint","definition":"A person who is venerated for exceptional holiness and virtue, often after death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"santo","language_family":"latin","root":"sanctus","root_meaning":"holy, sacred, pure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saint","meaning":"a person of exceptional holiness","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"saint","meaning":"holy person","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"saintus","meaning":"holy, sacred","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sanctus","meaning":"holy, sacred, pure","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*sak-","meaning":"to sanctify, make sacred","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sanctify","sanctuary","sanction","sacred","sanctity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"holy person","formality":"formal"},{"word":"blessed","formality":"literary"},{"word":"holy one","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"309ed3f9-0b9f-41c3-a94d-0871d2cd07bf","word":"sake","definition":"For the purpose or good of someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sacu","root_meaning":"lawsuit, strife, dispute","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sakan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sake","meaning":"purpose, benefit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sacu","meaning":"strife, dispute, cause","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sakan","meaning":"to contend, accuse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forsake","lawsuit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"behalf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purpose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benefit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consideration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"8e899fff-1604-4706-afc6-8777b8dda14c","word":"salaam","definition":"A greeting of peace used in Arabic and Muslim contexts, often also referring to the gesture or act of greeting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"s-l-m","root_meaning":"peace, safety, wholeness","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salaam","meaning":"a greeting of peace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salām","meaning":"peace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"s-l-m","meaning":"peace; safety; wholeness","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salam","Islam","Muslim","as-salāmu ʿalaykum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"greeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salutation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"welcome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"b566016e-8519-4107-965a-c7dc7edcce30","word":"salad","definition":"A cold dish of various mixtures of raw or cooked vegetables, usually seasoned with oil, vinegar, or other dressing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ensalada","language_family":"latin","root":"salata","root_meaning":"salted","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salad","meaning":"A cold dish of various mixtures of raw or cooked vegetables.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"salade","meaning":"salad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salata","meaning":"salted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sal","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salt","salami","salary","saline","sauce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"greens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mix","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"c2634d12-da8f-4da6-a339-05b40c8deae8","word":"salami","definition":"Salami is a seasoned, cured sausage, usually made from fermented meat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Latin sal","root_meaning":"salt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salami","meaning":"a cured sausage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"salame","meaning":"a salted or cured sausage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"salāmen","meaning":"salted meat or sausage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sal","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salt","saline","salad","salary","salting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sausage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cured sausage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cold cut","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"0b24b5af-bc9b-4d29-bfc0-6d75085cbe89","word":"salary","definition":"A fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly or biweekly basis but often expressed as an annual sum, made by an employer to an employee, especially a professional or white-collar worker.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salario","language_family":"latin","root":"salarium","root_meaning":"salt money, allowance for salt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salary","meaning":"A fixed regular payment made by an employer to an employee.","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"salary","meaning":"stipend, wages","children":[{"era":"12th c.","word":"salaire","meaning":"salary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salarium","meaning":"salt money, allowance for salt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sal","meaning":"salt","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*sal-","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salt","saline","salaried","saliferous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remuneration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"a18c2cda-8c87-417c-a099-b35bbcdae1a2","word":"sale","definition":"The exchange of goods or services for money; a transaction of selling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salida","language_family":"norse","root":"sala","root_meaning":"to transfer, to give","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"sale","meaning":"act of selling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sale","meaning":"to transfer, to give","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["salesman","sales","sell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"selling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transaction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deal","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"c63cdb0a-3519-47ad-a0f2-56c29c2b4d1d","word":"sales","definition":"Plural of sale; transactions involving the exchange of goods or services for money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"sala","root_meaning":"to sell or offer","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sales","meaning":"acts of selling","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sale","meaning":"act of selling","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sala","meaning":"to sell, offer for sale","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*sal-","meaning":"to take or send","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sale","sell","seller","salesman","saleswoman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transactions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"purchases","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commerce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deals","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.515Z"}
{"id":"99df3017-3fb7-4494-a671-5638573f1815","word":"salesman","definition":"A person whose job is to sell goods or services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sale + man","root_meaning":"act of selling + human adult male","root_language":"English (compound)","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":"*salan- + *mann-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salesman","meaning":"person who sells","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sale","meaning":"act of selling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"salu","meaning":"act of selling","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"current","word":"man","meaning":"human adult male","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"human being","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sale","sell","man","salesperson","tradesman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vendor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merchant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"0c0e9d25-b176-451c-83de-b85c55c95482","word":"saline","definition":"Containing or relating to salt.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"salino","language_family":"latin","root":"sal","root_meaning":"salt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*séh₂l-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saline","meaning":"Containing or relating to salt.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"salyne","meaning":"saline; salty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"salīna","meaning":"saline; salt works","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sal","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salinity","salinization","salinize","saliferous","salting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"salty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"briny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"salted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"31f5d9a7-038b-4348-94c9-094f25ddcaef","word":"saliva","definition":"Saliva is the watery fluid produced in the mouth to aid digestion and speaking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"saliva","language_family":"latin","root":"saliva","root_meaning":"spittle; saliva","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saliva","meaning":"the fluid produced in the mouth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"saliva","meaning":"spittle; saliva","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salivary","salivate","salivation","salivator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spittle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spit","formality":"informal"},{"word":"drool","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"7065ebbe-7adf-401c-ae12-502344536526","word":"sally","definition":"A sudden charge out of a besieged place against the enemy; a sortie.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salir","language_family":"latin","root":"salire","root_meaning":"to leap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sally","meaning":"a sudden military attack","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"saillie","meaning":"a leap, an assault","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salire","meaning":"to leap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salient","assault","resilient","desultory","exult"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sortie","formality":"military"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"9b167f29-57be-4173-be3b-e4c1d7824cc6","word":"salmon","definition":"A large, commercially important edible game fish that is typically anadromous, migrating from fresh water to the ocean and back again to spawn.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salmón","language_family":"latin","root":"salmo","root_meaning":"leaper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salmon","meaning":"An anadromous fish.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"saumon","meaning":"salmon","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salmo","meaning":"salmon (lit. 'leaper')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salmonella","salmonid","smoked salmon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salmo","formality":"technical"},{"word":"king salmon","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"d8ec4a00-43b5-4e3b-bd5a-6686560185d8","word":"salon","definition":"A reception room in a large house; a drawing-room.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salón","language_family":"french","root":"salle","root_meaning":"hall","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salon","meaning":"A reception room","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"salon","meaning":"reception room, hall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"salle","meaning":"hall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*saliz","meaning":"dwelling, hall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["saloon","hall","sala"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parlor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drawing-room","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lounge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"60f8aff7-70c3-4012-994a-96ede244b84f","word":"saloon","definition":"A public room or building for specified purposes, especially drinking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salón","language_family":"french","root":"salon","root_meaning":"large room","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*selh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saloon","meaning":"public room/building","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"salon","meaning":"reception room, art exhibition","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"salone","meaning":"large hall","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*salu","meaning":"hall","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salon","hall","parlour","lounge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tavern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lounge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"a1278b5f-806a-442f-831f-fa2592cd0c9f","word":"salsa","definition":"A sauce or relish, and by extension a style of Latin dance music.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salsa","language_family":"latin","root":"sal","root_meaning":"salt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salsa","meaning":"a sauce or relish, and by extension a style of Latin dance music","children":[{"era":"pre-1846","word":"salsa","meaning":"sauce; relish","children":[{"era":"late antique","word":"*salsa","meaning":"seasoned sauce","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salsus","meaning":"salted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sal","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salt","saline","salad","salami","sauce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sauce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condiment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"a48c67fc-19d4-453c-91e5-a9c0c5b15cc4","word":"salt","definition":"A white crystalline compound of sodium and chlorine used for seasoning food and other purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sal","language_family":"germanic","root":"sealt","root_meaning":"salt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seltaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salt","meaning":"sodium chloride compound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"salt","meaning":"sealt, the mineral","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"sealt","meaning":"salt","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*seltaz","meaning":"salt, salty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salty","salted","saltwater","saltine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sodium chloride","formality":"technical"},{"word":"NaCl","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"3ee4c932-6587-4c01-8a89-f2127bb54f73","word":"salty","definition":"Containing or tasting of salt.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"salado","language_family":"germanic","root":"*saltą","root_meaning":"salt","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seh₂l-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salty","meaning":"containing salt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"salt","meaning":"salt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*saltą","meaning":"salt","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*seh₂l-","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salt","saline","salary","salsa","salinity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"briny","formality":"literary"},{"word":"savory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pungent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"6f2eaf75-de40-48d6-9504-d857248a9b66","word":"salute","definition":"To make a gesture of respect, homage, or greeting.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"saludar","language_family":"latin","root":"salus","root_meaning":"health, welfare, greeting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*solh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salute","meaning":"gesture of respect","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"saluter","meaning":"to greet, to salute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salutare","meaning":"to greet, to wish well","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salus","meaning":"health, safety, welfare","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*solh₂-","meaning":"whole, well-preserved","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salvation","salubrious","salutary","health","safe","greetings"],"synonyms":[{"word":"greet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"1f445c8a-ee65-4bbe-8e62-67dbac4a5c57","word":"salvage","definition":"The act of saving something from loss or destruction, or the property saved.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salvar","language_family":"latin","root":"salvus","root_meaning":"safe, unharmed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salvage","meaning":"the act of saving something from loss or destruction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"salvage","meaning":"saving or rescue; what is saved","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"salver","meaning":"to save","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvus","meaning":"safe, unharmed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salvageable","salvager","salvation","unsalvageable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rescue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recovery","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retrieval","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reclamation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"bd79add4-9b03-40a5-bf1b-587d3c905b30","word":"salvation","definition":"The act of saving or being saved from sin or danger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salvación","language_family":"latin","root":"salvare","root_meaning":"to save","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*solh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"salvation","meaning":"The act of saving or being saved from sin or danger","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"salvacioun","meaning":"salvation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvationem","meaning":"act of saving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvare","meaning":"to save","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["save","savior","safe","salvage","salubrious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rescue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deliverance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"redemption","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preservation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"94d2d51b-9206-49f5-9095-c36ffe52bc6f","word":"samba","definition":"A Brazilian dance and musical genre.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"semba","root_meaning":"a navel bump (a dance move) or to pray, invoke","root_language":"Kimbundu","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"samba","meaning":"A Brazilian dance and musical genre","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"samba","meaning":"a type of dance","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"semba","meaning":"a navel bump (dance move) or to pray, invoke","children":[],"language":"Kimbundu"}],"language":"Brazilian Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rumba","tango","bossa nova"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rhythm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"39a3fa58-30be-4a1d-b3ec-01f618d5cb00","word":"same","definition":"Identical or not different from another; unchanged.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"samaz","root_meaning":"same, together","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"500 BCE","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"same","meaning":"identical, unchanged","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"same","meaning":"identical, alike","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"samaz","meaning":"same, together","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one, together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sameness","together","seem","semantic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"identical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equivalent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"417b446f-6bbf-4786-a746-c39d9d128612","word":"sample","definition":"A small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"muestra","language_family":"latin","root":"exemplum","root_meaning":"example, pattern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sample","meaning":"specimen or representative part","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sample","meaning":"example, specimen","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"example","meaning":"example, model","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exemplum","meaning":"example, pattern, model","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sampling","sampler","example","exemplary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specimen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"example","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"87030846-36ac-4243-a23a-b23d84758d52","word":"samples","definition":"Small portions or quantities taken as examples of a larger whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"muestras","language_family":"latin","root":"exemplum","root_meaning":"example, pattern","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"samples","meaning":"representative portions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sample","meaning":"example, pattern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exemplum","meaning":"example, pattern; from eximere (to take out)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sample","sampling","sampler","exemplary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specimens","formality":"formal"},{"word":"examples","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swatches","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"ba3d2e6e-6f5f-4437-92cf-9732f27536d5","word":"samsung","definition":"A South Korean multinational conglomerate company producing electronics and other goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"sam + sung","root_meaning":"three + stars","root_language":"Korean","root_era":"1938","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"samsung","meaning":"South Korean multinational corporation","children":[{"era":"1938","word":"Samsung","meaning":"three stars (company name)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sam","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Korean"},{"era":"classical","word":"sung","meaning":"stars","children":[],"language":"Korean"}],"language":"Korean"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Samsung Electronics","Samsung Group","Samsung Display"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conglomerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"corporation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"7db5364b-b5b6-4c17-b247-7fd61a437cb2","word":"samurai","definition":"A member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"saburau","root_meaning":"to serve, to attend","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"pre-1100 (Heian period)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"18th century","word":"samurai","meaning":"Japanese warrior","children":[{"era":"10th century","word":"samurai","meaning":"one who serves","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"saburau","meaning":"to serve","children":[],"language":"Old Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"English (loanword)"},"related_words":["bushido","ninja","katana"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warrior","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fighter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"58905cb7-800d-4d8c-a7bf-995af800de8b","word":"san","definition":"A Japanese honorific suffix added to names as a term of respect; also a geographic prefix meaning 'saint' in Spanish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"San","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"san","meaning":"Japanese honorific or Spanish saint prefix","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"さん","meaning":"honorific suffix for politeness","children":[],"language":"Japanese"},{"era":"medieval","word":"San","meaning":"saint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sanctus","meaning":"holy or sacred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["saint","sanctify","sanction","sanctuary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honorific","formality":"formal"},{"word":"title","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"75060bfb-5b68-49d3-84ac-e120960abd50","word":"sanctuary","definition":"A place of refuge or safety; a sacred place, especially a church or temple.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"santuario","language_family":"latin","root":"sanctuarium","root_meaning":"a sacred place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sanctuary","meaning":"A place of refuge or safety; a sacred place, especially a church or temple.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sanctuary","meaning":"a sacred place","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"sanctuarium","meaning":"a sacred place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sanctus","meaning":"holy, sacred","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sak-","meaning":"to sanctify, make sacred","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["saint","sanctify","sanctity","sacred","sacrosanct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refuge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"asylum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shrine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"99ab3038-078a-418a-8e97-ab86b017dfad","word":"sand","definition":"A loose granular material typically consisting of finely divided rock and mineral particles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sand","root_meaning":"sand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*samdho-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sand","meaning":"loose granular material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sand","meaning":"sand","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*samdho-","meaning":"sand","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*sm̥h₂dʰos","meaning":"sand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sandy","sandbar","sandstone","quicksand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gravel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dust","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"5c2b3459-66cc-4eb7-b332-b767726b4bd1","word":"sander","definition":"A power tool or hand tool used to smooth or polish a surface with abrasive material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sand","root_meaning":"loose granular material","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*samdaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sander","meaning":"sanding tool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sand","meaning":"loose granular material","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*samdaz","meaning":"sand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sandpaper","polish","grinder","tool"],"synonyms":[{"word":"polisher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abrasive tool","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"5d4d5923-382f-4e35-ad43-0c323d922504","word":"sandwich","definition":"An item of food consisting of two pieces of bread with a filling between them.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Sandwich","root_meaning":"a town in Kent, England (title of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich)","root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sandwich","meaning":"food item","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Sandwich","meaning":"title of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bread","filling","snack","meal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sub","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hoagie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hero","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"8bc7ad29-a307-4327-9bbb-ae18e433acf1","word":"sane","definition":"Of sound mind; not mad or mentally ill.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sano","language_family":"latin","root":"sanus","root_meaning":"healthy, sound, rational","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sane","meaning":"of sound mind","children":[{"era":"1500s (from Latin)","word":"sane","meaning":"of sound mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sanus","meaning":"healthy, sound, rational","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sanity","insane","sanitation","sanatorium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lucid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"7e0c2cba-c25d-4da3-a7d5-baeba2e322a7","word":"sanity","definition":"The state of having a sound mind or normal judgment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sano","language_family":"latin","root":"sanus","root_meaning":"healthy, sound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sanity","meaning":"the state of having a sound mind or normal judgment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sanitas","meaning":"health, soundness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sanus","meaning":"healthy, sound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sane","saneness","sanitary","sanitize","sanitation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soundness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reason","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mental health","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"ec9e0c34-fd28-4e2c-9fbd-6975fa6d18f7","word":"sans","definition":"Without.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"sin","language_family":"french","root":"sine","root_meaning":"without","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sans","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sans","meaning":"without","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sine","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sincere","sinecure","separate","absent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"without","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lacking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devoid of","formality":"formal"},{"word":"minus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"4e60ba84-91d0-4cce-8c70-8c6d382d0eb1","word":"santa","definition":"A figure representing Saint Nicholas who delivers gifts to children at Christmas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"santa","language_family":"latin","root":"sanctus","root_meaning":"holy, sacred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"santa","meaning":"Christmas gift-giver figure","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Santa Claus","meaning":"personified gift-giver","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Saint Nicholas","meaning":"Christian saint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sanctus","meaning":"holy, sacred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["saint","sanctify","sanctuary","sanctum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Saint Nicholas","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Father Christmas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Kris Kringle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"f32627e2-7061-4d08-9ad6-bf3ffe48250e","word":"sap","definition":"The fluid, chiefly water with dissolved sugars and mineral salts, that circulates in a plant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sæp","root_meaning":"sap, juice","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sapam","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sap","meaning":"The fluid that circulates in a plant.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sæp","meaning":"sap, juice","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sapam","meaning":"sap, juice","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sappy","sapling","saponify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"juice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fluid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extract","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"9a678b4b-725b-4573-83dd-ac808f8e4a8f","word":"sapphire","definition":"A transparent precious stone, typically blue, a form of corundum.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"zafiro","language_family":"greek","root":"sapphīrus","root_meaning":"sapphire, blue stone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sapphire","meaning":"blue precious stone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"saphir","meaning":"sapphire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sapphīrus","meaning":"sapphire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σάπφειρος (sappheiros)","meaning":"blue stone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"סַפִּיר (sappir)","meaning":"sapphire","children":[],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sapphire-like","sapphirine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"azure","formality":"literary"},{"word":"cerulean","formality":"literary"},{"word":"blue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"3841478c-2fb8-4b34-b269-734fe1460385","word":"sarcasm","definition":"The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sarcasmo","language_family":"greek","root":"sarkasmos","root_meaning":"a tearing of flesh, mockery","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~200 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"sarkasmós (σαρκασμός)","meaning":"A sneer, mockery. From sarkazein (to tear flesh, gnash the teeth, speak bitterly). From sarx (flesh).","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"sarcasm","meaning":"Biting, ironic mockery.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"sarcasmo","meaning":"Sarcasm.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["sarcastic","sarcastically","sarcophagus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"irony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mockery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"derision","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"297ba52b-0ef7-48dc-a28d-052d9d11364d","word":"sarcastic","definition":"Using or marked by cutting, bitter, or mocking irony.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sarcástico","language_family":"greek","root":"σάρξ","root_meaning":"flesh, meat","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sarcastic","meaning":"using or marked by cutting, bitter, or mocking irony","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"sarcastique","meaning":"sarcastic","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"sarcasme","meaning":"sarcasm","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"sarcasmus","meaning":"sarcasm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σαρκασμός","meaning":"sarcasm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σάρξ","meaning":"flesh, meat","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sarcasm","sarcastically","sardonic","sarky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ironic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sardonic","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mocking","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"d30bae85-febb-4bf4-90cc-eccbefdb7fcc","word":"sat","definition":"Past tense and past participle of sit; to be in a sitting position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sittan","root_meaning":"to sit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"500s","proto_root":"*sed- (to sit)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sat","meaning":"past tense of sit","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"sit","meaning":"to sit","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sit","sitting","sate","sedentary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"positioned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"74e421c2-8108-4465-995a-fcfefd37d143","word":"satan","definition":"The devil; the chief evil spirit in Christianity and Islam.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Satán","language_family":"other","root":"śāṭān","root_meaning":"adversary, opponent","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Satan","meaning":"the devil","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"Satan","meaning":"devil","children":[{"era":"200s","word":"Satan","meaning":"devil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"śāṭān","meaning":"adversary, opponent","children":[{"era":"300s BCE","word":"Σατανᾶς","meaning":"Satan","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["satanic","adversary","accuser","demon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"devil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiend","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Lucifer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"adversary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"4079cb8e-f262-40f8-a5f5-d1ca57812999","word":"satellite","definition":"An artificial object placed in orbit around Earth or another celestial body to transmit data or communications.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"satélite","language_family":"latin","root":"satelles","root_meaning":"attendant, guard, follower","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"satellite","meaning":"orbital body used for communication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"satelles","meaning":"attendant, guard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attend","satellite","attendance","attendant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orbiter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"space station","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relay station","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"c1dc5f50-48f1-4874-8964-6ebaf30bb1a8","word":"satisfaction","definition":"The fulfillment of one's wishes, expectations, or needs, or the pleasure derived from this.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"satisfacción","language_family":"latin","root":"satisfactio","root_meaning":"a satisfying, performance, discharge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"satisfaction","meaning":"fulfillment or pleasure","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"satisfaction","meaning":"satisfaction, atonement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"satisfactio","meaning":"a satisfying, performance, discharge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"satisfacere","meaning":"to satisfy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["satisfy","satisfactory","unsatisfying","dissatisfy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contentment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gratification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fulfillment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"003c9141-7f6f-4c93-838f-56918deffda3","word":"satisfactory","definition":"Fulfilling expectations or needs; acceptable, though not outstanding or perfect.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"satisfactorio","language_family":"latin","root":"satis","root_meaning":"enough","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"satisfactory","meaning":"Fulfilling expectations or needs; acceptable, though not outstanding or perfect.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"satisfactio","meaning":"satisfaction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"satis","meaning":"enough","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["satisfy","satisfaction","unsatisfied","dissatisfy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acceptable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adequate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sufficient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"364bfb68-1272-444f-9aab-90afa98341f2","word":"satisfy","definition":"To fulfill the desires, expectations, or needs of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"satisfacer","language_family":"latin","root":"satisfacere","root_meaning":"to satisfy, fulfill","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*s(w)ad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"satisfy","meaning":"To fulfill the desires, expectations, or needs of","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"satisfier","meaning":"to satisfy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"satisfacere","meaning":"to satisfy","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["satisfaction","satisfactory","satisfied","dissatisfy","facet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"content","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"please","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"80a29d48-0f87-442e-b220-e451a45e905b","word":"saturday","definition":"The seventh day of the week, between Friday and Sunday.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sábado","language_family":"latin","root":"Saturnus","root_meaning":"Roman god of agriculture and wealth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saturday","meaning":"seventh day of the week","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Saturday","meaning":"day of Saturn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Saturnus","meaning":"Roman god of agriculture and wealth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Saturn","Saturnian","week","weekday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Sabbath","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Saturday","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"4450edef-f310-4f85-8fad-aafdfe1ec829","word":"sauce","definition":"A liquid or semi-liquid preparation served with food to add moistness and flavor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salsa","language_family":"latin","root":"salsus","root_meaning":"salted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sauce","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sauce","meaning":"liquid preparation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salsa","meaning":"salted (past participle of sallere 'to salt')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sal","meaning":"salt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sal-","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salty","salad","salami","souse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condiment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dressing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"e6b1ddd8-fd35-4e32-882a-fc7ae6c4b52a","word":"sausage","definition":"An item of food, typically a cylinder of ground meat, often mixed with other ingredients and seasonings, and usually stuffed into a casing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salchicha","language_family":"french","root":"saussiche","root_meaning":"salted","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sausage","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"saussiche","meaning":"salted, sausage","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"salsicia","meaning":"sausage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salsus","meaning":"salted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sal","meaning":"salt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["salt","sauce","salami","bacon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frankfurter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wurst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"banger","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"596bec37-d1f5-43ee-a55a-d40962a34caf","word":"savage","definition":"(of an animal or a person) fierce, violent, and uncontrolled.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"salvaje","language_family":"french","root":"silvaticus","root_meaning":"of the woods","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"savage","meaning":"fierce","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sauvage","meaning":"wild, untamed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"silvaticus","meaning":"of the woods","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"silva","meaning":"forest, wood","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sylvan","silvan","salvage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wild","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"untamed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brutal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"7b0734e6-b294-42a2-89f1-36e1c5376175","word":"save","definition":"To rescue from danger or to set aside money or resources for future use.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"salvo","language_family":"latin","root":"salvare","root_meaning":"to make safe, to heal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"save","meaning":"to rescue, to preserve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvare","meaning":"to make safe, to heal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvus","meaning":"safe, whole","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["salvation","savior","safe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rescue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"preserve","formality":"formal"},{"word":"put aside","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"388d2fc3-24a8-450c-beb3-2999b4186b31","word":"savings","definition":"Money set aside and accumulated over time, typically in a bank account or investment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"save","root_meaning":"to rescue, preserve, or set aside","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"savings","meaning":"accumulated money set aside","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"saving","meaning":"rescuing or preserving","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"save","meaning":"to rescue, deliver, preserve","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["save","saved","saver","safety","salvage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reserves","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nest egg","formality":"informal"},{"word":"accumulations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"958d51ad-bfda-4766-ba9a-98e80cde4baa","word":"savior","definition":"A person who saves someone or something from danger or difficulty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"salvador","language_family":"french","root":"salvare","root_meaning":"to save","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*solh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"savior","meaning":"a person who saves","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"saviour","meaning":"savior","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvatōrem","meaning":"saver, rescuer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvare","meaning":"to save","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["save","salvation","salvational","salvage","saviorhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rescuer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deliverer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"redeemer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"preserver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"09d5544a-8244-47e8-9b34-aa87fedf9db5","word":"saw","definition":"Past tense of see, meaning to perceive with the eyes, or a tool with a toothed blade for cutting.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seon","root_meaning":"to see, perceive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saw","meaning":"perceived with eyes, or cutting tool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"saw","meaning":"past tense of see, cutting tool","children":[{"era":"pre-1AD","word":"seow/sagu","meaning":"to see, cutting tool","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["see","seen","seeing","sight","seer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"witnessed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spotted","formality":"informal"},{"word":"perceived","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"fba5e389-c264-4051-8e76-e4739c9f949e","word":"sawyer","definition":"A person whose occupation is sawing wood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sagu","root_meaning":"saw (tool)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sawyer","meaning":"person who saws wood","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"saw","meaning":"saw (tool)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sagu","meaning":"saw","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sagō","meaning":"saw","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sek-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["saw","segment","section","sickle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woodcutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"logger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lumberjack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"15a2e5e8-49a4-44bd-96ec-9d49dbb1acb2","word":"saxon","definition":"A member of a Germanic people who settled in parts of Britain and northwestern Europe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sajón","language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *sahsą","root_meaning":"knife, dagger, short sword","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saxon","meaning":"a member of a Germanic people who settled in parts of Britain and northwestern Europe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English Seaxe","meaning":"the Saxons","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *sahsą","meaning":"knife, dagger, short sword","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Saxon","Saxons","Saxony","Saxonism","Saxonize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Anglo-Saxon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Teuton","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Germanic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"57864f2f-f040-4fe3-ac0a-39c916d56a00","word":"say","definition":"To speak or express words.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English secgan","root_meaning":"to say, to tell","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sagjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"say","meaning":"to speak or express","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"seien","meaning":"to say","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"secgan","meaning":"to say, to tell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sagjaną","meaning":"to say, to speak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["says","said","saying","unsaid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:12:58.865Z"}
{"id":"cbd466c5-3543-4664-a380-795f024ec2ba","word":"saying","definition":"A short, commonly known expression or proverb conveying advice or wisdom.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"dicho","language_family":"germanic","root":"say","root_meaning":"to speak or utter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"saying","meaning":"short expression or proverb","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"say","meaning":"to speak","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"secgan","meaning":"to say, speak","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["say","said","sayer","saying","proverb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proverb","formality":"formal"},{"word":"adage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"maxim","formality":"formal"},{"word":"phrase","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.095Z"}
{"id":"7956bcc3-4f45-4cfb-9979-ece9dea44c60","word":"says","definition":"Third person singular present tense of 'say'; to speak or utter words.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"secgan","root_meaning":"to say, tell","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"says","meaning":"utters words or speech","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"say","meaning":"to tell, speak","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"secgan","meaning":"to say","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["say","said","saying","unsaid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speaks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utters","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tells","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"f870e3cf-3f80-430e-b2c3-ea141b319d4e","word":"scale","definition":"A graduated range of values or a thin plate-like structure covering fish and reptiles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escala","language_family":"latin","root":"scala","root_meaning":"ladder, staircase","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scale","meaning":"graduated range or fish covering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scala","meaning":"ladder, staircase","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scalar","escalate","escalator","scaling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spectrum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"c94b677f-9691-4b96-8218-953f29210fe2","word":"scalpel","definition":"A scalpel is a small surgical knife with a very sharp blade.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escalpelo","language_family":"latin","root":"scalpere","root_meaning":"to scratch, carve, or cut","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scalpel","meaning":"small surgical knife","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"scalpel","meaning":"surgical knife","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scalpellum","meaning":"small knife","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scalpere","meaning":"to cut or scratch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scalpere","scalpellum","scalprum","scalpellus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surgical knife","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dissecting knife","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"9ac29cef-ea54-470f-8b34-930d30391481","word":"scam","definition":"A dishonest scheme; a fraud.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scam","meaning":"dishonest scheme","children":[{"era":"19th-20th c.","word":"scam","meaning":"a fraud, swindle","children":[{"era":"18th c.","word":"scamp","meaning":"a rogue, rascal","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fraud","scheme","swindle","deceive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fraud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"ead8b751-3159-485a-ae8c-b7f1c16083b4","word":"scan","definition":"To look at all parts of something carefully in order to find something or to understand it, or to pass a beam of light or electrons over something to create an image.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"escanear","language_family":"latin","root":"scandere","root_meaning":"to climb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skand-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scan","meaning":"to examine or traverse","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"scan","meaning":"to count the metrical feet of verse, to analyze verse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scandere","meaning":"to climb, mount, scan (verse)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ascend","descend","scale","escalator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peruse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"read","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"0492fc5e-60db-4c6b-b7e9-a197e42a8da5","word":"scandal","definition":"An action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing public outrage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escándalo","language_family":"greek","root":"skandalon","root_meaning":"stumbling block, snare, offense","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scandal","meaning":"public outrage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scandale","meaning":"offense, disgrace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scandalum","meaning":"stumbling block, cause of offense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skandalon","meaning":"stumbling block, snare","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scandalous","slander","scandalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disgrace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outrage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"infamy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"ff5888eb-beda-4888-a003-73523d57cc30","word":"scar","definition":"A mark left on the skin where a wound has not healed completely.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skarð","root_meaning":"notch, gap, cut","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scar","meaning":"skin mark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skarð","meaning":"notch, gap, cut","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mark","wound","blemish","cicatrix","lesion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cicatrix","formality":"technical"},{"word":"blemish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"62a34cc1-5bfb-413e-9fc9-cd7cc16934a2","word":"scarce","definition":"Scarce means present in only a small amount or number.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"escaso","language_family":"latin","root":"excerpere","root_meaning":"to pluck out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kerp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scarce","meaning":"limited in amount; rare","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"scars / escars","meaning":"scanty, scarce","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"*excarpsus / *scarsus","meaning":"reduced, diminished","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"excerpere","meaning":"to pluck out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old North French / Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scarcity","scarcely","scarceness","scarcer","scarcest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sparse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meager","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"afd292a4-822b-4cc5-a0c3-349a99672274","word":"scare","definition":"To cause great fear or alarm in.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skirra","root_meaning":"to shy, to shrink from, to frighten","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scare","meaning":"To frighten","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skirra","meaning":"to shy, to frighten","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skarjan","meaning":"to leap, to jump","children":[{"era":"circa 4500-2500 BCE","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to jump, to move quickly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scary","scared","scarer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frighten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alarm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"startle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"f184333f-42c7-4324-89b3-6a91c9368b88","word":"scarecrow","definition":"A human-shaped figure set up to frighten birds away from crops.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scarecrow","meaning":"a human-shaped figure used to frighten birds","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"scare","meaning":"to frighten","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skirra","meaning":"to frighten, startle","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crow","meaning":"a crow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"crāwe","meaning":"crow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scare","scared","scaring","crow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dummy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effigy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"d7c028bf-d09f-48ab-9375-bdc377b66896","word":"scarf","definition":"A piece of cloth worn around the neck, head, or shoulders for warmth, fashion, or religious reasons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"escarpe","root_meaning":"sash, strip of cloth","root_language":"Old North French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scarf","meaning":"neckwear","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"escarpe","meaning":"sash, strip of cloth","children":[],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scarves","scarfed","scarfing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shawl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bandana","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"d1a3b67c-52d6-4d44-81a2-6edd4f5c3cbe","word":"scary","definition":"Frightening; causing fear.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skirra","root_meaning":"to frighten, to shy away","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skerran","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scary","meaning":"Frightening; causing fear.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"scare","meaning":"to frighten","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skirra","meaning":"to frighten, to shy away","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scar","scarecrow","scarce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frightening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alarming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terrifying","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"c3ad07b7-9b5b-40ef-b550-50c7655f708f","word":"scenario","definition":"A projected sequence of events or a proposed plan or story.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escenario","language_family":"greek","root":"σκηνή","root_meaning":"tent, stage, scene","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scenario","meaning":"A projected sequence of events","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"scenario","meaning":"scene, play, plot","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"scena","meaning":"scene","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scaena","meaning":"stage, scene","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σκηνή (skēnē)","meaning":"tent, stage, scene","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scene","scenery","scenic","stage","theater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"situation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eventuality","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"ae2d9d81-0631-409f-ac29-721149b6036d","word":"scene","definition":"A view or picture of a place, or a subdivision of a play or movie.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escena","language_family":"latin","root":"scena","root_meaning":"stage, tent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scene","meaning":"view or dramatic subdivision","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"scene","meaning":"stage, scene","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scena","meaning":"stage, tent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skene","meaning":"tent, stage building","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scenery","scenic","obscene","proscenium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"view","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"setting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"landscape","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.673Z"}
{"id":"110e2451-d16c-476c-806f-c53a0aabe710","word":"scenic","definition":"Relating to or characterized by beautiful natural scenery.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"escénico","language_family":"greek","root":"skēnē","root_meaning":"tent, stage","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scenic","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"scenique","meaning":"relating to the stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scaenicus","meaning":"of the stage, theatrical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skēnikos","meaning":"of or for the stage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skēnē","meaning":"tent, stage","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scene","scenario","proscenium","obscene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"picturesque","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breathtaking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panoramic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"4be43150-e52c-4491-a04a-6498bca481be","word":"scent","definition":"A distinctive smell, especially one that is pleasant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"sentir","root_meaning":"to smell, to feel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scent","meaning":"distinctive smell","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sent","meaning":"smell, sensation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sentir","meaning":"to smell, to feel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sense","sentient","consent","dissent","assent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragrance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aroma","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"odor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"36f43f86-91c2-4a03-a39b-7617ed8269a9","word":"schedule","definition":"A plan that allocates time to activities; a list of times at which events are intended to occur.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cédula","language_family":"latin","root":"schedula","root_meaning":"small slip of paper, note","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"schedule","meaning":"a list of times","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"schedule","meaning":"an appendix or supplement","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"schedula","meaning":"small piece of parchment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scheda","meaning":"papyrus sheet, piece of paper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scheduled","scheduler","scheduling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timetable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agenda","formality":"formal"},{"word":"itinerary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.190Z"}
{"id":"1140fd2d-ce9a-4aed-a1b2-12e851264796","word":"schema","definition":"A representation of a plan or theory in the form of an outline or model.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esquema","language_family":"greek","root":"skhēma","root_meaning":"form, shape, figure, outline","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"schema","meaning":"plan, outline","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skhēma","meaning":"form, shape, figure, outline","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ekhein","meaning":"to have, to hold","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["schematic","scheme","sketch","echelon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"9143e1b0-de90-4466-b9b7-d8358e6d29d8","word":"scheme","definition":"A plan, design, or organized procedure, often with an implication of secrecy or cunning intent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esquema","language_family":"greek","root":"schema","root_meaning":"form, shape, figure","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scheme","meaning":"plan, design","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"scheme","meaning":"plan, design","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"schema","meaning":"form, shape","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"schēma","meaning":"form, shape, figure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"schein","meaning":"to hold, to have","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["schematic","schema","schemed","schemer","scheming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"126eb3b8-b4aa-4997-ac70-e6a5c69c395f","word":"schizophrenic","definition":"Of, relating to, or exhibiting the symptoms of schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought, perception, and contact with reality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"esquizofrénico","language_family":"greek","root":"skhizein + phrēn","root_meaning":"to split + mind","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"schizophrenic","meaning":"relating to schizophrenia","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"schizophrenia","meaning":"split-mind disorder (coined by Eugen Bleuler, 1911)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skhizein","meaning":"to split, cleave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skei-","meaning":"to cut, split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"phrēn","meaning":"mind, diaphragm, seat of thought and feeling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gʷʰren-","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["schizophrenia","schism","schist","phrenology","frenzy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"psychotic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"delusional","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dissociative","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"97d81877-3cc5-4351-915b-c29340c6069b","word":"schmuck","definition":"An insulting slang term for a foolish, contemptible, or obnoxious person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"shmok","root_meaning":"penis","root_language":"Yiddish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"schmuck","meaning":"a contemptible or foolish person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shmok","meaning":"penis","children":[],"language":"Yiddish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["schmoe","schmooze","schnook","schmaltz","schmendrick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jerk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cretin","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"aac78b65-78d8-4df7-9736-218b18840d95","word":"scholar","definition":"A learned person, especially one with deep knowledge in a particular field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escolar","language_family":"greek","root":"scholaris","root_meaning":"of a school","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"~400 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"skholē","meaning":"Leisure, employed for learning.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"schola","meaning":"School, learned discussion.","children":[{"era":"~400 AD","word":"scholaris","meaning":"Of a school.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"scholar","meaning":"Learned person.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"escolar","meaning":"Pupil, scholar.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["school","scholarship","scholastic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"academic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"learner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brain","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"0eb6c13d-02e5-4b2b-859b-24f2063a6041","word":"scholarship","definition":"Academic study or achievement; learning of a high level.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scolere + -ship","root_meaning":"person who learns + state of","root_language":"Old English / Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scholarship","meaning":"academic learning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scholar","meaning":"student, learned person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scola","meaning":"school","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ship","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scholar","scholarly","studentship","friendship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"learning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erudition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"knowledge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"73ae33e4-be23-414a-b4ea-734369f92c01","word":"school","definition":"An institution for educating children or a group of people sharing similar beliefs or methods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escuela","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek scholē","root_meaning":"leisure, spare time, then learning or discussion","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skhol- (to hold, have)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"school","meaning":"educational institution","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"scole","meaning":"school","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scholē","meaning":"leisure, discussion, learning place","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scholar","scholastic","schooling","schoolhouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"academy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"institution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"university","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-05T23:46:57.738Z"}
{"id":"0100e175-2d37-466e-9176-3cf6a9e2497e","word":"schools","definition":"Plural of school; institutions for educating children and young people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escuelas","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek scholē","root_meaning":"leisure, learned discussion, place of learning","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"schools","meaning":"institutions for education","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"school","meaning":"place of learning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"schola","meaning":"learned group, school","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scholē","meaning":"leisure, learned discussion","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["school","schooling","schooled","schooler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"educational institutions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"learning centers","formality":"formal"},{"word":"academies","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"1fc8d5b5-cf82-4d60-8064-bed77f4f2cd8","word":"science","definition":"Systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ciencia","language_family":"latin","root":"scientia","root_meaning":"knowledge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"science","meaning":"systematic knowledge of nature","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"science","meaning":"knowledge, learning, wisdom","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"science","meaning":"knowledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scientia","meaning":"knowledge, wisdom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scientist","scientific","conscience","prescience"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knowledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"research","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discipline","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"5f14e991-a697-47b9-8295-0f33cc973c76","word":"sciences","definition":"Plural of science; systematic bodies of knowledge based on observation and experimentation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ciencias","language_family":"latin","root":"scientia","root_meaning":"knowledge, understanding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sciences","meaning":"systematic bodies of knowledge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"science","meaning":"systematic knowledge or study","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scientia","meaning":"knowledge, understanding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scire","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["science","scientific","scientist","conscious","omniscient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disciplines","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fields of study","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bodies of knowledge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"a5d5623e-a19a-4646-84d4-1e119e2ee324","word":"scientific","definition":"Relating to or based on science; employing the methods and principles of science.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"científico","language_family":"latin","root":"scientia","root_meaning":"knowledge, understanding","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scientific","meaning":"relating to science","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"scientifical","meaning":"relating to science","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scientia","meaning":"knowledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scire","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["science","scientist","scientifically","pseudoscience"],"synonyms":[{"word":"empirical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"methodical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"technical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systematic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"eeb7a75c-3aad-45a1-a64f-d50418b92108","word":"scientist","definition":"A person who is studying or has studied one or more of the natural sciences systematically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"científico","language_family":"latin","root":"scientia + -ist","root_meaning":"knowledge + person who does","root_language":"Latin + Greek","root_era":"1800s (coined), classical (scientia)","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scientist","meaning":"a person who studies science","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"science","meaning":"knowledge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scientia","meaning":"knowledge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"classical/1500s","word":"-ist","meaning":"person who practices or believes","children":[],"language":"Greek/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["science","scientific","conscience","prescient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"researcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"academic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"50a63c8e-a793-410f-a0ba-508672201ad4","word":"scissor","definition":"To cut something with scissors.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cizalla","language_family":"latin","root":"scindere","root_meaning":"to cut, split","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skeh_i-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scissor","meaning":"to cut with scissors","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cisoires","meaning":"scissors","children":[{"era":null,"word":"cisorium","meaning":"cutting instrument","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scindere","meaning":"to cut, split","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*skeh_i-","meaning":"to cut, split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scission","rescind","schism","exscind","prescind"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"3a1df201-d18f-4523-b454-cf72ac07b859","word":"scoff","definition":"To speak to someone or about something in a scornfully derisive or mocking way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skoff","root_meaning":"mockery, ridicule","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scoff","meaning":"to mock derisively","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"skoff","meaning":"mockery, ridicule","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scofflaw","scorn","gibe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ridicule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sneer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"ddb213b2-d2c7-4219-b07d-52483f85d1ea","word":"scoop","definition":"A tool resembling a spoon, used for taking up or transferring loose substances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skaup","root_meaning":"a scoop, shovel","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scoop","meaning":"a tool for scooping","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"scoupe","meaning":"scoop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skaup","meaning":"a scoop, shovel","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shovel","scoop up","scupper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ladle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spoon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dipper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shovel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"e371ee1a-758a-4bfb-a55e-cee83cc588d0","word":"scoot","definition":"To move or go away quickly, often abruptly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"Old Norse skjóta","root_meaning":"to shoot, dart","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scoot","meaning":"to move or go away quickly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skjóta","meaning":"to shoot, dart","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scooted","scooting","scooter","scoots"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zip","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"d1d23211-75fd-4298-b353-e38eb707fc7e","word":"scooter","definition":"A two-wheeled vehicle with a footboard and handlebars, propelled by pushing off the ground or by a motor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"shoot","root_meaning":"to move quickly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scooter","meaning":"A two-wheeled vehicle","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"scoot","meaning":"to move quickly and suddenly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skuta","meaning":"to shoot, dart","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scoot","shot","shoot","shuttle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moped","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kick scooter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motor scooter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"078b4ed8-541c-4e84-b6ec-e351dc7d8b78","word":"scope","definition":"The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"telescopio","language_family":"greek","root":"skopos","root_meaning":"observer, goal","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"pre-1100 BCE","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scope","meaning":"The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"scopus","meaning":"observer, goal","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telescope","microscope","kaleidoscope","episcopal","spectator","inspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purview","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ambit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"f0159929-dad0-4d90-88ca-51f95bed6a13","word":"score","definition":"The number of points, goals, or runs earned in a game or contest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escore","language_family":"norse","root":"skor","root_meaning":"notch, mark, tally","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"score","meaning":"points earned in a game","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"score","meaning":"notch, tally, debt","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"skor","meaning":"notch, mark made to keep count","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["score (verb)","scorer","underscore","scoreboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"points","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"result","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tally","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"6555abac-c27c-4314-8070-46291ec96be3","word":"scorpion","definition":"An arachnid having a segmented body and a tail armed with a venomous sting, and typically a pair of large pincer-like claws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escorpión","language_family":"latin","root":"scorpio","root_meaning":"scorpion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scorpion","meaning":"a venomous arachnid","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"scorpion","meaning":"a scorpion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scorpio","meaning":"scorpion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skorpíos","meaning":"scorpion","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Scorpio","arachnid","venom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arachnid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sting-tail","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"e0f6d9d6-1a4c-42f4-98c6-a993c131edcf","word":"scotia","definition":"A concave molding, especially in the base of a column, or an archaic name for Scotland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escocia","language_family":"latin","root":"Scotus","root_meaning":"a Scot","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scotia","meaning":"concave molding / Scotland","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Scotia","meaning":"Scotland","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Scotus","meaning":"a Scot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Scot","Scottish","Scotland","scotophobia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concave molding","formality":"technical"},{"word":"coving","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"1966a369-3f7f-4dbb-9f63-d461b46e06d8","word":"scotland","definition":"A country that is part of the United Kingdom, located north of England.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Scot","root_meaning":"a Gael or Irish person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Scotland","meaning":"country north of England","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Scotland","meaning":"land of the Scots","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Scot","meaning":"a Gael, Irish person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Scottus","meaning":"a Gael, Irish person","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-land","meaning":"land, country, territory","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Scottish","Scot","Scots","Scotch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the Highlands","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Alba","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.713Z"}
{"id":"b6c7d4cd-c3a3-4377-9fb9-b5af1700ec3d","word":"scott","definition":"A person from Scotland or a surname derived from Scandinavian origin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Scot","root_meaning":"inhabitant of Scotland","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scott","meaning":"Scottish person or surname","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Scott","meaning":"Scottish person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Scot","meaning":"Scotsman","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Scottish","Scotland","Scots"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Scotsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Scot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"71486299-4f0f-428c-a4e2-5079066984df","word":"scoundrel","definition":"A dishonest or unscrupulous person; a rogue.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scoundrel","meaning":"a rogue","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"scoundrel","meaning":"rascal (uncertain origin)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"rascal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rogue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"villain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"miscreant","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"f366e553-5140-4a17-a145-81159b2503d9","word":"scram","definition":"To leave quickly or suddenly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schrammen","root_meaning":"to scratch, to flee","root_language":"German/Dutch","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scram","meaning":"to leave quickly","children":[{"era":"early modern","word":"schrammen","meaning":"to scratch, to flee hastily","children":[{"era":"early 20th century","word":"scram","meaning":"go away!","children":[],"language":"American English slang"}],"language":"German/Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scramble","scratch","scrape"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vanish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decamp","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"766780fc-a715-48f6-bb5f-761bd08e03aa","word":"scramble","definition":"To move or act in a hurried, confused, or disorderly way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scramble","meaning":"to move or act in a hurried, disorderly way","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"scramblen","meaning":"to claw, clamber, or move awkwardly and quickly","children":[{"era":"uncertain","word":"uncertain Germanic source","meaning":"probably a dialectal or expressive form","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scrambled","scrambler","scrambling","unscramble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scurry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clamber","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"ae6345ab-bf9b-4da1-a8c8-ade425ba1e07","word":"scrap","definition":"A small piece or amount of something, especially one that is left over after the greater part has been used.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skrap","root_meaning":"odds and ends, trifles","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skrab-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scrap","meaning":"small leftover piece","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"scrap","meaning":"piece of something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skrap","meaning":"odds and ends, trifles","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skrab-","meaning":"to scratch, scrape","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scrape","scratch","scrawl","scrapper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remnant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"6fcdac40-654e-47c9-a4b4-efe153f61056","word":"scrape","definition":"To rub or drag something rough against a surface so as to remove material or make a harsh noise.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*sker-","root_meaning":"to cut, scratch","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scrape","meaning":"to rub harshly; to remove by rubbing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English sceran / scieran","meaning":"to cut, cleave, hew","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut, scratch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scraped","scraping","scraper","scrap","scratch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scratch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abrade","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"0e5c7cf6-39a9-41b7-a3e4-ce8ef37103ee","word":"scratch","definition":"To mark or incise a surface with a sharp object, or to rub an itchy part of the body with one's fingernails.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"kratzen","root_meaning":"to scratch","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scratch","meaning":"To mark or incise a surface with a sharp object","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"scracchen","meaning":"to scratch","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scrape","graze","cratch","scratchy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abrade","formality":"technical"},{"word":"graze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"score","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"581ca5e8-0209-48d8-b9c5-7dcf0d8982ac","word":"scream","definition":"To utter a loud, sharp, piercing cry.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skræma","root_meaning":"to terrify, frighten","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scream","meaning":"To utter a loud, sharp, piercing cry.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"screem","meaning":"to cry out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skræma","meaning":"to terrify, frighten","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shriek","screech","yell","outcry","yelp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shriek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holler","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"6b4090bd-dd35-4adc-92a2-cdd37d0fdfa8","word":"screech","definition":"To make a loud, harsh, piercing cry.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skraekja","root_meaning":"screech","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"screech","meaning":"To make a loud, harsh, piercing cry","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"skriki","meaning":"a shriek","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skraekja","meaning":"to screech","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shriek","scream","screeching"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shriek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yell","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"cd7e6147-1208-4891-96c9-d4461b269b01","word":"screen","definition":"A fixed or movable upright frame for dividing a room or providing shelter or privacy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escrín","language_family":"french","root":"escran","root_meaning":"protection, shield","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"screen","meaning":"dividing or protective barrier","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"screene","meaning":"screen, protection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"escran","meaning":"protection, shield","children":[{"era":"500s-800s","word":"Frankish origin","meaning":"uncertain","children":[],"language":"unknown"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["screening","screened","screenplay","screensaver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"partition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"barrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"dbb3381c-549e-4388-ba92-1f0829ba2437","word":"screenplay","definition":"The script of a film, including dialogue and instructions for camerawork and other aspects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"screenplay","meaning":"script of a film","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"screen","meaning":"partition, filter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"escren","meaning":"screen, sieve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skirmjan","meaning":"to protect","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"play","meaning":"game, sport, dramatic performance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"plega","meaning":"sport, game, action","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["screenwriter","playscript","teleplay","script","playback"],"synonyms":[{"word":"script","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scenario","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shooting script","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"830c7aec-d7b8-4ed9-9dea-fdfd56d9c5d4","word":"screensaver","definition":"A computer program that displays a moving image or pattern on a screen that is not in use, typically to prevent image burn-in.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"screen + save","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English","root_era":"1980s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"screensaver","meaning":"A computer program to protect screens","children":[{"era":"current","word":"screen","meaning":"display surface","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"saver","meaning":"one that saves","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["screenshot","screen time","lifesaving","screensharing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monitor protection","formality":"technical"},{"word":"display utility","formality":"technical"},{"word":"blanker","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"6a2fa97b-d996-450f-b7cd-530d200514ae","word":"screw","definition":"A short, slender, sharp-pointed metal pin with a raised helical thread running around it and a slotted head, used to join things together by being rotated so as to cut its own thread in the material being fastened.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skrúfa","root_meaning":"screw","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"15th century","word":"screw","meaning":"fastener with helical thread","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"schroef","meaning":"screw","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["screwdriver","unscrew","scruple","scroll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fastener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"3901ba20-0564-4c01-90df-663a225a2fef","word":"screwdriver","definition":"A screwdriver is a hand tool used to turn screws.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old French escröe, escroue","root_meaning":"nut; screw-hole","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"c. 1400","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"screwdriver","meaning":"a hand tool used to turn screws","children":[{"era":"c. 1400","word":"screw","meaning":"a spiral threaded pin or bolt","children":[{"era":"c. 1400","word":"escröe, escroue","meaning":"nut; cylindrical socket; screw-hole","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"late 14th c.","word":"driver","meaning":"one that drives","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"drive","meaning":"to propel or move","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["screw","driver","drive","unscrew","corkscrew","screwy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"turnscrew","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"driver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screw-turner","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"58b2badd-eb7c-42ca-b1eb-c3668fc6fbb9","word":"script","definition":"Text written by hand or a written document containing dialogue and stage directions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"script","language_family":"latin","root":"scriptum","root_meaning":"something written","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"script","meaning":"written text or dialogue","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"script","meaning":"written document","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scriptum","meaning":"something written, from scribere (to write)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scribe","describe","prescribe","inscription","manuscript"],"synonyms":[{"word":"text","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manuscript","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dialogue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"acebccb6-2a33-489c-a568-dcc5c81fcec1","word":"scripture","definition":"Sacred writings held to be authoritative within a religion, especially the Christian Bible.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escritura","language_family":"latin","root":"scriptura","root_meaning":"a writing, written characters","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skrībh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scripture","meaning":"sacred writing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"scripture","meaning":"sacred writing, the Bible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scriptura","meaning":"a writing, the act of writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scribere","meaning":"to write, scratch marks","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*skrībh-","meaning":"to cut, incise, write","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scribe","script","describe","inscription","manuscript","prescribe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"holy writ","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"sacred text","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gospel","formality":"literary"},{"word":"text","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"1c460a0a-b6c4-4891-8c28-8de5d57eb75f","word":"scrooge","definition":"A miserly, stingy, or uncharitable person, from the Dickens character Ebenezer Scrooge.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scrooge","meaning":"A miserly person.","children":[{"era":"1843","word":"Scrooge","meaning":"Ebenezer Scrooge, Dickens's miserly character","children":[],"language":"English literature"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Scrooge","scrooge-like","scroogeish","Scroogean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miser","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skinflint","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tightwad","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cheapskate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"474d9954-468c-4ad9-ab3f-18dca75da622","word":"scrub","definition":"To rub (someone or something) hard so as to clean them.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schrubben","root_meaning":"to rub, scour","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scrub","meaning":"to rub (someone or something) hard so as to clean them","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"schrubben","meaning":"to rub, scour","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scrubber","scrubbing","scrubby","scour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scour","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clean","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"0271b9d9-abb4-4bb5-8ef6-ccf17ddf2916","word":"sculpture","definition":"The art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escultura","language_family":"latin","root":"sculptura","root_meaning":"sculpture","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sculpture","meaning":"art form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sculptura","meaning":"sculpture, carving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sculpere","meaning":"to carve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sculpt","sculptor","sculptural"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artwork","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"ea864b24-19f4-41cb-ae4e-95b76d486146","word":"scum","definition":"A layer of impurities that forms on the surface of a liquid, or a contemptible person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skūm","root_meaning":"foam, froth","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skewm-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scum","meaning":"layer of impurities","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"scum","meaning":"foam, froth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skūm","meaning":"foam, froth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foam","skim","scummy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dross","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"film","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residue","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"6e8623a4-71ff-476b-bf1e-dcb35b71a382","word":"scumbag","definition":"A contemptible or worthless person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scum + bag","root_meaning":"worthless residue + container","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"scumbag","meaning":"A contemptible or worthless person.","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"scum + bag","meaning":"worthless residue + container","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scum","bag","rascal","villain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jerkin","formality":"informal"},{"word":"degenerate","formality":"informal"},{"word":"cad","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"20da2c9d-14e0-4282-b340-b3f667343d3a","word":"sea","definition":"A large body of salt water connected to or part of an ocean.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sǽ","root_meaning":"sea","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*saiwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sea","meaning":"large body of salt water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sǽ","meaning":"sea","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*saiwaz","meaning":"sea, water","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seashore","seawater","seaside","seafarer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ocean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deep","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"cca0f4f2-7820-4b25-98cb-ad6f4bec23fa","word":"seafood","definition":"Fish and shellfish from the sea used for human consumption.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sæ","root_meaning":"sea","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*saiwiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"seafood","meaning":"food from the sea","children":[{"era":"current","word":"sea","meaning":"large body of salt water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sæ","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"food","meaning":"nutritious substance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fōda","meaning":"food","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seashore","seaweed","foodstuff","fast-food","fish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shellfish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marine produce","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ocean fare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"f7024274-8677-4f8f-8bb4-f5a0f6e22a7e","word":"seal","definition":"A carnivorous marine mammal with a streamlined body and flippers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seolh","root_meaning":"seal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seal","meaning":"marine mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seolh","meaning":"seal","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sealskin","seal pup","sealing","sealant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mammal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pinniped","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sea lion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"91680136-d412-431c-98a3-2c4c0f616096","word":"seaman","definition":"A sailor, especially one serving on a ship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sǣmann","root_meaning":"sea-man","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seaman","meaning":"a sailor, especially on a ship","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"seeman","meaning":"seaman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sǣmann","meaning":"sea-man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sǣ","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"man","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seamen","seamanlike","seamanly","seamanship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sailor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mariner","formality":"literary"},{"word":"deckhand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"903aa668-f198-4c2c-a211-9afad70298af","word":"search","definition":"To look carefully or thoroughly for someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"cercar","language_family":"french","root":"cerchier","root_meaning":"to go around, to search","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kirk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"search","meaning":"to look carefully","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cerche","meaning":"to search, go around","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cerchier","meaning":"to go around, encircle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"circus","meaning":"circle, arena","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["research","searcher","searching","searches"],"synonyms":[{"word":"look for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seek","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hunt","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"de4dc8e1-1f05-4dc5-871b-235767247be9","word":"searches","definition":"Attempts to find something by looking carefully; inquiries or investigations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"búsquedas","language_family":"french","root":"cerchier","root_meaning":"to search, seek","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"searches","meaning":"acts of seeking or looking","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"search","meaning":"to examine, seek","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cerchier","meaning":"to seek, search","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["search","searched","searcher","searching"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inquiries","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quests","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explorations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"095a1c13-0cc1-4a69-a203-628f25cbc0ad","word":"seaside","definition":"The seaside is the area along the edge of the sea, especially a coast used for recreation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sǣ + sīde","root_meaning":"sea + side; shore by the sea","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seaside","meaning":"the area along the edge of the sea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sea + side","meaning":"the shore by the sea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sǣ","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sīde","meaning":"side; edge","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sea","side","seashore","coastline","seafront"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seashore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"7a47fe30-3a2d-44db-9c7e-c30adae41412","word":"season","definition":"A period of the year characterized by particular weather conditions or a time marked by a particular activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estación","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin sētiō","root_meaning":"sowing, a sowing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"season","meaning":"period of year; time","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"season","meaning":"time of sowing, period of time","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"sēsonnem","meaning":"sowing, seed time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sētiō","meaning":"sowing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seasonal","seasonally","seasoning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"63a7ef86-36a8-425d-8fd0-1d544d9e900e","word":"seasonal","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of a particular season of the year.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estacional","language_family":"latin","root":"satio","root_meaning":"sowing, planting, time for sowing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seasonal","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"season","meaning":"a division of the year","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"saison","meaning":"period of sowing, proper time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"satio","meaning":"a sowing, a planting (from serere 'to sow')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["season","seasoned","unseasonal","seasonalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"periodic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cyclic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"timely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"0ba7e17a-2438-49af-a7ee-49b55ddb1d9e","word":"seat","definition":"A piece of furniture for sitting or a position of authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"setl","root_meaning":"place for sitting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*set-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seat","meaning":"something to sit on; position","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sete","meaning":"a seat, place for sitting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"setl","meaning":"seat, throne","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*set-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["settle","seated","seating","unseated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bench","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"formal"},{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"27d224ee-b078-400c-9741-c52c65bcb1c6","word":"seattle","definition":"A city in Washington State, the capital of King County and largest city in the Pacific Northwest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Sealth","root_meaning":"name of Duwamish and Suquamish chief","root_language":"Lushootseed","root_era":"1780s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Seattle","meaning":"city in Washington State","children":[{"era":"1853","word":"Seattle","meaning":"named after Chief Sealth","children":[{"era":"1780s","word":"Sealth","meaning":"name of Native American chief","children":[],"language":"Lushootseed"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Sealth","Duwamish","Suquamish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Puget Sound region","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Emerald City","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"ceaeb7b9-abbe-466b-843c-e4cd1d137032","word":"seaweed","definition":"Seaweed is a plant or plants growing in the sea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sǣ + wēod","root_meaning":"sea + plant; sea plant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seaweed","meaning":"plant or plants growing in the sea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sea","meaning":"the sea","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weed","meaning":"a plant or herb","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sea","weed","seaweed","seaweeds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"algae","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wrack","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sea wrack","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"9bd4e61a-0ba2-4540-ba8d-a73fd5054602","word":"sec","definition":"Short for second, a unit of time equal to one-sixtieth of a minute.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"segundo","language_family":"latin","root":"secunda","root_meaning":"second, following","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sec","meaning":"abbreviation of second","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"second","meaning":"next after first","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secunda","meaning":"second, following","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["second","seconds","secondly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"second","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instant","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"85fbae1e-61b3-4c9b-a0ae-551d9edf1f78","word":"second","definition":"Following first in order; one-sixtieth of a minute.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"segundo","language_family":"latin","root":"secundus","root_meaning":"following, next","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"second","meaning":"following first","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"secund","meaning":"second","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secundus","meaning":"following, next","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secondary","secondly","seconder","second"],"synonyms":[{"word":"next","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"following","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subsequent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"after","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"3ddc19d5-0f05-407f-9724-89dc760f2165","word":"secondary","definition":"Of second rank or importance; derived from or dependent on something primary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"secundario","language_family":"latin","root":"secundarius","root_meaning":"of the second rank","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"secondary","meaning":"of second rank or importance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secundarius","meaning":"of the second rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secundus","meaning":"second, favorable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["second","secondarily","secondariness","secondary school"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subordinate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supporting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auxiliary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"derivative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"cf395f63-6a41-49ee-a23f-3bcb639412b6","word":"seconds","definition":"Units of time equal to one-sixtieth of a minute, or moments in general.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"segundo","language_family":"latin","root":"secundus","root_meaning":"following, second in order","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seconds","meaning":"Units of time or moments","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"second","meaning":"Following first; second in order or time unit","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"seconde","meaning":"second, following","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secundus","meaning":"following, second in order","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secondary","second","secondly","secondhand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"minute","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"a63b3295-fe6a-4606-86bc-b151d797ed7d","word":"secrecy","definition":"The state of keeping something hidden from others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"secreto","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin secretus","root_meaning":"set apart, hidden","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"secrecy","meaning":"the state of keeping something hidden from others","children":[{"era":"early 15c.","word":"secretee / secrecy","meaning":"the quality or state of being secret","children":[{"era":"Middle Ages","word":"secré","meaning":"secret","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secretus","meaning":"set apart, hidden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secernere","meaning":"to separate","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*krei-","meaning":"to sieve, discriminate, separate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secret","secretive","secretly","secrete","secretary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concealment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"privacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confidentiality","formality":"technical"},{"word":"reticence","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"c0b21662-facf-4d32-8e63-0f0e93d274aa","word":"secret","definition":"Something kept hidden or unknown; information not to be disclosed to others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"secreto","language_family":"latin","root":"secretus","root_meaning":"set apart, separated, hidden","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"secret","meaning":"hidden information","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"secret","meaning":"hidden, concealed","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"secret","meaning":"hidden, mysterious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secretus","meaning":"set apart, separated","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secrecy","secretly","secretary","secrete","clandestine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confidential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hidden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classified","formality":"technical"},{"word":"clandestine","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.517Z"}
{"id":"d211447e-2343-43da-8723-92db5211b720","word":"secretariat","definition":"The office or department of a secretary, or the body of secretaries collectively within an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"secretaría","language_family":"latin","root":"secretarius","root_meaning":"secretary, scribe","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*s(w)e-kr̥h₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"secretariat","meaning":"office of a secretary","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"secrétariat","meaning":"secretariat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secretarius","meaning":"secretary, notary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secretum","meaning":"secret thing, private","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secernere","meaning":"to separate, distinguish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secretary","secret","discern","decree","secretarial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"office","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"department","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"632a712d-57f2-4a1c-bdec-b97c52bc9b4b","word":"secretary","definition":"A person employed to handle correspondence, maintain files, and perform administrative duties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"secretario","language_family":"latin","root":"secretarius","root_meaning":"of secrets, confidential officer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"secretary","meaning":"person handling correspondence and admin","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"secretary","meaning":"confidential officer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secretarius","meaning":"one entrusted with secrets","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secretarial","secret","secrete","secretion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"administrative assistant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clerk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"office manager","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"95e726d0-b1c8-4f23-a0f6-113fc762b4ef","word":"secretive","definition":"Inclined to hide thoughts, plans, or information.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"secreto","language_family":"latin","root":"secernere","root_meaning":"to separate; set apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*krei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"secretive","meaning":"inclined to keep things hidden","children":[{"era":"Middle English to Modern English","word":"secret + -ive","meaning":"adjective formed from secret","children":[{"era":"medieval/classical","word":"secret","meaning":"hidden; kept apart","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secretus","meaning":"set apart; hidden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secernere","meaning":"to separate; sift apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secret","secrecy","secretly","secretory","secrete"],"synonyms":[{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reserved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reticent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"guarded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"179c3ae8-60b2-4dd2-8b77-41a5e7a99798","word":"section","definition":"A distinct part or subdivision of something; a separate area or portion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sección","language_family":"latin","root":"secare","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"section","meaning":"a distinct part or subdivision","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"section","meaning":"a cutting, division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sectio","meaning":"a cutting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secare","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sector","sectional","intersect","bisect","dissect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"c134cb46-5fcb-431e-bf26-7c460bd17090","word":"sections","definition":"Distinct parts or divisions of something, or areas within a larger space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"secciones","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin secare","root_meaning":"to cut, divide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sections","meaning":"divisions or parts","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"section","meaning":"a part divided or cut off","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sectio","meaning":"a cutting, division","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secare","meaning":"to cut, divide, sever","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["section","sectional","dissect","bisect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divisions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"areas","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"ad0d184a-a625-4f4b-92c8-04bb79ff43ff","word":"sector","definition":"A distinct part or division of something, especially an area of activity or economy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sector","language_family":"latin","root":"secare","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sector","meaning":"a distinct division or area","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sector","meaning":"one who cuts, a cutting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secare","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["section","sectional","segment","dissect","intersect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"field","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.063Z"}
{"id":"7807c290-5a09-4d48-8d1b-adc508c47657","word":"secure","definition":"Free from danger or risk; to obtain or protect from harm.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"seguro","language_family":"latin","root":"securus","root_meaning":"free from care or danger","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"secure","meaning":"safe, protected","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"secure","meaning":"safe, protected","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"securus","meaning":"free from care or danger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"se-","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["security","securely","securing","insecure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"safe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protected","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"8a66a158-5721-433f-bab3-9430bdc7c6d4","word":"security","definition":"The state of being safe, protected, or secure; measures taken to protect against danger or loss.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"seguridad","language_family":"latin","root":"securus","root_meaning":"free from care, safe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"security","meaning":"state of being safe or protected","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"security","meaning":"freedom from care","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"securitas","meaning":"freedom from care, safety","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"securus","meaning":"free from care, safe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["secure","securely","insecurity","securities"],"synonyms":[{"word":"safety","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"safeguard","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"9c8f3923-6d6e-471d-ac4a-dfd1479e0910","word":"sedan","definition":"An enclosed chair carried by porters, and by extension a closed-body car.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"sedes","root_meaning":"seat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sedan","meaning":"an enclosed chair carried by porters or a closed-body car","children":[{"era":"1630s","word":"sedan chair","meaning":"an enclosed chair carried by porters","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sede","meaning":"seat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sedes","meaning":"seat","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"southern Italian dialect"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seat","sedate","sedentary","session","sedes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"litter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saloon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"a04b9ddf-b8b2-4221-b6e5-47c79a0eb078","word":"sedate","definition":"Calm, composed, and unhurried.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sedado","language_family":"latin","root":"sēdō","root_meaning":"to allay, appease, calm, settle; to end, stop","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sedate","meaning":"calm, composed, and unhurried","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sēdātus","meaning":"calm, quiet, composed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sēdō","meaning":"to allay, appease, calm, settle; to end, stop","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sedation","sedative","sedately","sedateness","sedator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tranquil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"serene","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"c8ceb363-7db7-4b7f-9bf3-7c16aacebe27","word":"sedative","definition":"A sedative is a drug or substance that calms the body or mind and reduces agitation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sedativo","language_family":"latin","root":"sedare","root_meaning":"to calm, allay","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sedative","meaning":"a calming drug or agent","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"sedativus","meaning":"calming","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sedare","meaning":"to calm, settle, allay","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sedate","sedation","sedated","sedative","sedative effect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tranquilizer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"calmative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"soothing agent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"fa16052b-d662-4581-9b66-ed350d5ce5b9","word":"seduce","definition":"To entice someone into sexual activity or to persuade someone to do something disobedient or wrong.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"seducir","language_family":"latin","root":"seducere","root_meaning":"to lead aside, lead astray","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swe- + *deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seduce","meaning":"to entice","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"seduire","meaning":"to lead astray","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"seducere","meaning":"to lead aside, lead astray","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"se- (aside) + ducere (to lead)","meaning":"aside + to lead","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*swe-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"},{"era":"ancient","word":"*deuk-","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conduct","induce","deduce","abduct","produce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tempt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"953294be-be44-4a90-9bc3-a5e73d7c3870","word":"see","definition":"To perceive with the eyes or to understand or comprehend something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seon","root_meaning":"to see, perceive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800-1100","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"see","meaning":"to perceive with the eyes","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"seen","meaning":"to see","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"seon","meaning":"to see, perceive","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*sekw-","meaning":"to follow, see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seen","seeing","seer","sight","seek"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"view","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observe","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"98975792-6a1c-47b8-a787-1fd3a6cf9094","word":"seed","definition":"A flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sæd","root_meaning":"seed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seh₁-ti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seed","meaning":"plant reproductive unit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sēd","meaning":"seed","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sēdiz","meaning":"seed","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*seh₁-ti-","meaning":"to sow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sow","seeding","seeded","seedling","semen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kernel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"germ","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"a6ec426d-5c98-4f87-925a-b306e3c30e3b","word":"seeing","definition":"The present participle of see; the act of using one's eyes to perceive, or considering that.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seon","root_meaning":"to see, perceive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seeing","meaning":"perceiving with eyes or understanding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"see","meaning":"to perceive with the eye","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seon","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["see","seen","seer","sight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceiving","formality":"formal"},{"word":"viewing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}
{"id":"f3589cb5-554b-417b-8e25-558fe782750b","word":"seek","definition":"To attempt to find or obtain; to look for","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sēcan","root_meaning":"to seek, look for","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sōkjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seek","meaning":"to look for; to try to obtain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sēcan","meaning":"to seek, look for, visit","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sōkjan-","meaning":"to seek","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sought","seeking","seeker","job-seeker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pursue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"search for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"look for","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"8e41cfa3-ebcd-4d35-8b41-30716f4c1a9b","word":"seeker","definition":"A person who is searching for something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"secan","root_meaning":"to seek, search for","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seeker","meaning":"A person who is searching","children":[{"era":"current","word":"seek","meaning":"to search","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"seke","meaning":"to seek","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"secan","meaning":"to seek, search for","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seek","sought","seeking","searcher","quest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"questor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"searcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explorer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"ecc166f7-8a00-4360-ad5e-53607ab1409e","word":"seeking","definition":"attempting to find or obtain something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"soeken","root_meaning":"to seek, search","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sokjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seeking","meaning":"attempting to find or obtain","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"seek","meaning":"to search for","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"soeken","meaning":"to seek, search","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sokjan-","meaning":"to seek","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seek","seeker","sought"],"synonyms":[{"word":"searching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"looking for","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pursuing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hunting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"c56f15cc-dfb6-40b3-ad85-613c6a92cdb8","word":"seem","definition":"To appear to be or give the impression of being.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seman","root_meaning":"to be fitting or suitable","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*semi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seem","meaning":"to appear","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"seem","meaning":"to be fitting","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"seman","meaning":"to be fitting","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seeming","seemingly","seemed","seemed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"look","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sound","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"e2898f10-b992-4e87-8d0d-58c3d3d5d0df","word":"seems","definition":"Appears to be; gives the impression of being.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seman","root_meaning":"to seem, befit","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seems","meaning":"appears to be","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"seem","meaning":"to seem, appear","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"seman","meaning":"to befit, suit","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seeming","seemingly","unseemly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appears","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"looks","formality":"informal"},{"word":"strikes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"47678fad-9353-4f2a-9b56-3e3149889009","word":"seen","definition":"Past participle of see; perceived with the eyes.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sehen","root_meaning":"to see","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seen","meaning":"perceived with eyes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"see","meaning":"to perceive with eyes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sekw-","meaning":"to see, follow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["see","seeing","seer","sight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"viewed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"witnessed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"4e107c8b-9768-4f47-a59a-a943fa05021e","word":"segment","definition":"One of the parts into which something is or may be divided.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"segmento","language_family":"latin","root":"segmentum","root_meaning":"a cutting, a piece cut off","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical Latin","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"segment","meaning":"One of the parts into which something is or may be divided","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"segmentum","meaning":"a cutting, a piece cut off","children":[{"era":"Classical Latin","word":"secare","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["section","fragment","segmentation","sectile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slice","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"21db0b4d-298d-41cd-86d7-95706f27416b","word":"seize","definition":"To take hold of suddenly and forcibly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"saisir","root_meaning":"to take possession of","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":"*sakjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seize","meaning":"take by force","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"seiser","meaning":"to take possession of","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"saisir","meaning":"to take possession of (from Frankish *sakjan 'to seek, pursue')","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seizure","possess","confiscate","seek","assize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confiscate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"capture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"bf594ddd-ab00-423b-b528-702c7c9cc9b8","word":"seizure","definition":"The action of capturing someone or something using force; also, a sudden attack of illness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"seisir","root_meaning":"to take possession of, to grab","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seizure","meaning":"action of capturing or sudden illness","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"seisure","meaning":"act of seizing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"seisir","meaning":"to take possession of","children":[{"era":null,"word":"sacire","meaning":"to take possession","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seize","possess","confiscate","sudden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convulsion","formality":"medical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"3af0186e-fc64-4ced-ab26-6fc1f5c31268","word":"seldom","definition":"Seldom means not often; rarely.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"selda-","root_meaning":"rare, strange","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seldom","meaning":"not often; rarely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seldum","meaning":"rarely, infrequently","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seldan","meaning":"rarely; infrequently","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*selda-","meaning":"strange, rare","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Late Old English / Early Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seldomness","selcouth","seldom-times","seldom-seen","selde"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rarely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infrequently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sporadically","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"2b8dc31c-24cd-46c7-ba80-b6a42bad92b7","word":"select","definition":"To choose someone or something as being the best or most suitable.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"selecto","language_family":"latin","root":"selectus","root_meaning":"chosen, picked out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"select","meaning":"to choose","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"select","meaning":"to choose carefully","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"selectus","meaning":"chosen, picked out","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"seligere","meaning":"to choose, gather","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["selection","selective","selective","selectee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"elect","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"21633cbc-b54c-427f-aa89-1ea97158409a","word":"selected","definition":"Chosen or picked out in preference to another or others.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"seleccionado","language_family":"latin","root":"selectus","root_meaning":"chosen, picked","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"selected","meaning":"chosen from alternatives","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"select","meaning":"to choose or pick","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"selectus","meaning":"chosen, picked out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["select","selection","selective","selector"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chosen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picked","formality":"informal"},{"word":"preferred","formality":"formal"},{"word":"curated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"c47ce1b4-9923-4b77-a2d4-e7d60666fa72","word":"selection","definition":"The process or action of choosing or selecting something from a range of options.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"selección","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin selectus","root_meaning":"chosen, picked out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg- (to gather, pick)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Selection","meaning":"act of choosing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"selection","meaning":"choosing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"selectus","meaning":"chosen, picked","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["select","selective","selectivity","selector"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choosing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"option","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"e657ab29-7699-4873-8f8d-3dd6cad8a251","word":"selective","definition":"Tending to choose or pick out carefully.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"selectivo","language_family":"latin","root":"seligere","root_meaning":"to choose, pick out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"selective","meaning":"Tending to choose carefully","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"sélectif","meaning":"selective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"selectus","meaning":"chosen, past participle of seligere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"seligere","meaning":"to choose","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["select","selection","choose","choice","elect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discriminating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discerning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"choosy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"5589d40b-91cf-41b7-a349-d8d908bd4087","word":"self","definition":"A person's own individual identity, personality, or essence.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"self","root_meaning":"self, oneself","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*selbaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"self","meaning":"one's own identity","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"self","meaning":"self, oneself","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["selfish","selfless","myself","yourself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ego","formality":"formal"},{"word":"identity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"bcebce49-82f4-462b-867b-21af5e8a7c40","word":"selfie","definition":"A selfie is a photograph taken of oneself, usually with a phone or camera held at arm's length.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"self","root_meaning":"oneself; same person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*selbʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"selfie","meaning":"a photograph taken of oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"one's own person; personally","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*selbaz","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-ie","meaning":"informal diminutive or familiar formation","children":[],"language":"English diminutive suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["self","self-portrait","selfie-stick","self-timer","selfhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-portrait","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-shot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"self-photo","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"1521c735-1496-4f13-bae4-57bc50a71daf","word":"selfish","definition":"Lacking consideration for others; concerned chiefly with one's own personal profit or pleasure.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"self","root_meaning":"one's own person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*selbaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"selfish","meaning":"concerned with oneself","children":[{"era":"current","word":"self","meaning":"one's own person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"one's own person","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*selbaz","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ish","meaning":"having the quality of","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["selfhood","selfless","egotistical","selfishness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"egotistical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"greedy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-centered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narcissistic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"84992936-f87e-458c-8ee7-e8126b858658","word":"selfless","definition":"Having no concern for oneself and instead acting for others.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*selbaz","root_meaning":"self, same","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"selfless","meaning":"having no concern for oneself and instead acting for others","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"oneself","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*selbaz","meaning":"self, same","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["self","selfish","selflessness","selflessly","selfhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unselfish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"altruistic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"self-sacrificing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"74154508-b000-4f86-bd62-a407e61700fe","word":"sell","definition":"To exchange goods or services for money.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sellan","root_meaning":"to give, deliver","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sell","meaning":"to exchange for money","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sellan","meaning":"to give, deliver, sell","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*sel-","meaning":"to give, hand over","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seller","sale","selling","sold","salesmanship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispose of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peddle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"eb581b6d-b9fc-4f2f-9a24-1f448d754f17","word":"seller","definition":"A person or entity that sells goods or services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sellan","root_meaning":"to hand over, give","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s-1100s","proto_root":"*sel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seller","meaning":"one who sells","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"seller","meaning":"one who sells","children":[{"era":"800s-1100s","word":"sellan","meaning":"to sell, hand over","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"*sel-","meaning":"to hand over, give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sell","selling","sold","seller's"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vendor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merchant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trader","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purveyor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"8b1bd710-e301-4cf8-b877-28a51e37413c","word":"sellers","definition":"People who sell something, or products that are selling well.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sellan","root_meaning":"to sell, give","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"500s","proto_root":"*sel- (to take, grasp)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sellers","meaning":"those who sell","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"seller","meaning":"one who sells","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"sellan","meaning":"to sell, give","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sell","seller","selling","bestseller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vendors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"merchants","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dealers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"7733e183-2ed7-4099-9b6e-e93cfcf12b3c","word":"selling","definition":"The act of exchanging goods or services for money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"venta","language_family":"germanic","root":"sellan","root_meaning":"to give, to pay","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*selaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"selling","meaning":"exchanging for money","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sellan","meaning":"to give, to pay, to sell","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sell","seller","sale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vending","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marketing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merchandising","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.573Z"}
{"id":"10e72a25-bf94-4bee-b5cb-1774938e9c92","word":"semen","definition":"A thick, whitish reproductive fluid produced by the male reproductive organs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"semen","language_family":"latin","root":"*seh₁-","root_meaning":"to sow, plant","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":null,"proto_root":"*seh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"semen","meaning":"A thick, whitish reproductive fluid produced by the male reproductive organs.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sēmen","meaning":"seed","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*seh₁-","meaning":"to sow, plant","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seminal","seminary","inseminate","disseminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seminal fluid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sperm","formality":"technical"},{"word":"seed","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"7be02ed2-bddb-4f6d-a76b-91929c61efec","word":"semester","definition":"A half-year academic term in a school or college.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"semestre","language_family":"latin","root":"semestris","root_meaning":"of six months","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*s(w)e- + *meh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"semester","meaning":"half-year term","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Semester","meaning":"half-year term","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"semestris","meaning":"of six months","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sex","meaning":"six","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mensis","meaning":"month","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["annual","biannual","trimestral","monthly","sextant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"term","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"session","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quarter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"2012e937-3f60-459d-ac38-87d73a6c045d","word":"semi","definition":"Half or partial.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"semi-","language_family":"latin","root":"semi-","root_meaning":"half","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sēmi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"semi-","meaning":"half","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"semi-","meaning":"half","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*sēmi-","meaning":"half","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["semicircle","semicolon","semifinal","demi-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"partly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partially","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"half","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"082e8c12-e5ef-48b5-a3c0-9a3d2150c936","word":"semiconductor","definition":"A substance, usually a solid chemical element or compound, that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others, making it a good medium for the control of electric current.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"semi","root_meaning":"half","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"semiconductor","meaning":"A substance that conducts electricity under some conditions but not others","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"semi-","meaning":"half","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"conductor","meaning":"leader, guide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conducere","meaning":"to lead together","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["semifinal","semicircle","conduct","induct","deduct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diode","formality":"technical"},{"word":"transistor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"chip","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"07b73f15-3014-4e80-80ae-6ba11fb85467","word":"seminar","definition":"A conference or meeting for discussion or training.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"seminario","language_family":"latin","root":"seminarium","root_meaning":"seed plot, nursery","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seminar","meaning":"A conference or meeting for discussion or training.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"seminarium","meaning":"seed plot, nursery (figuratively, a training place)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"semen","meaning":"seed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seed","disseminate","seminal","semination"],"synonyms":[{"word":"workshop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colloquium","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T03:03:29.683Z"}
{"id":"199da354-747c-4879-88eb-5694ea79cc55","word":"sen","definition":"A monetary unit of Japan, Malaysia, and Indonesia, equal to one hundredth of their respective basic currency units.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"銭 (sen) / sen","root_meaning":"coin, money / one hundredth","root_language":"Japanese/Malay","root_era":"modern","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sen","meaning":"monetary unit","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"銭 (sen) / sen","meaning":"coin, one hundredth","children":[],"language":"Japanese/Malay"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yen","ringgit","rupiah","cent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"1078d33d-5fe5-4ba2-a62d-d17f1eb9fc17","word":"senate","definition":"A legislative body, especially the upper house of a parliament or the principal legislative assembly of a country or state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"senado","language_family":"latin","root":"senatus","root_meaning":"council of elders","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"senate","meaning":"legislative assembly or upper house","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"senate","meaning":"governing council","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senatus","meaning":"council of elders","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senex","meaning":"old, elder","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*sen-","meaning":"old, senior","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["senator","senatorial","senile","senior"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parliament","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assembly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"legislature","formality":"formal"},{"word":"council","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"aaa2c34c-3750-43aa-9db8-2ad881bdc7bd","word":"senator","definition":"A member of a senate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"senador","language_family":"latin","root":"senator","root_meaning":"elder, member of a senate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"senator","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senator","meaning":"elder, member of a senate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senex","meaning":"old man","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["senate","senile","senior","sire","senescence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legislator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statesman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"politician","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"c35fde27-7bf0-44ee-b1bb-55bf6c1a22d2","word":"send","definition":"To cause something to go or be carried to a destination.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sendan","root_meaning":"to send, cause to go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"send","meaning":"to cause to go or be delivered","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"send","meaning":"to send, dispatch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sendan","meaning":"to send, cause to go","children":[{"era":"1000 BCE","word":"*sent-","meaning":"to go, way, path","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sender","sending","resend","sendoff","sent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dispatch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transmit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"forward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mail","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"30259e9f-57ca-436f-b3ba-6ff92fca40fb","word":"sender","definition":"A person or thing that sends something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sendan","root_meaning":"to send, to go, to depart","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*senþanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sender","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"send","meaning":"to transmit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sendan","meaning":"to send, to go, to depart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*senþanan","meaning":"to go, to travel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sent-","meaning":"to go, to travel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["send","sent","message","dispatch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dispatcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"messenger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"a7a01299-e318-42c1-8014-00faa305ca97","word":"senile","definition":"Relating to old age, especially marked by the mental or physical decline associated with aging.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"senil","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin senex","root_meaning":"old man; old","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"senile","meaning":"relating to old age or age-related decline","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senilis","meaning":"of old age","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senex","meaning":"old man; old","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*sen-","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["senior","senescence","senator","senility","senescent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elderly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decrepit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"95a88df1-8087-4f7f-a4cf-6ce5e67a7549","word":"senior","definition":"A person of higher rank, status, or age, or relating to the older or higher-ranking of two.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"senior","language_family":"latin","root":"senex","root_meaning":"old, aged","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen- (PIE for old)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"senior","meaning":"of higher rank or greater age","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"senior","meaning":"more advanced in age","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senex","meaning":"old, aged man","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seniority","senile","senate","senior citizen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"older","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"42f5c366-b1d4-4ce7-86a7-b212314da369","word":"senor","definition":"A Spanish title of respect for a man, equivalent to 'Mr.' or 'sir'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"señor","language_family":"latin","root":"senior","root_meaning":"older, elder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"senor","meaning":"A Spanish title of respect for a man.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"señor","meaning":"lord, gentleman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senior","meaning":"older, elder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["senior","sir","sire","seniority"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentleman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"395f5d86-c067-445f-af3e-38c0b773b080","word":"sensation","definition":"A physical feeling or a widespread reaction of interest and excitement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sensación","language_family":"latin","root":"sentire","root_meaning":"to feel, perceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sensation","meaning":"feeling","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sensation","meaning":"feeling","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"sensatus","meaning":"endowed with feeling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sense","sensitive","sensory","sentiment","consent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commotion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"422e6f8f-0f65-478c-be07-40914d633858","word":"sensational","definition":"Causing great excitement or interest, often in an exaggerated or attention-grabbing way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sensacional","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin sentīre","root_meaning":"to feel, perceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sensational","meaning":"Exciting or sensationally dramatic.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"sensation","meaning":"feeling, perception, or strong impression","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sensātiō","meaning":"feeling, perception","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentīre","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sense","sensation","sensory","sensitive","sensibility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"striking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dramatic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spectacular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exciting","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"79be9c96-3537-4ed7-99dd-1e2cb927d89d","word":"sense","definition":"A faculty by which the body perceives an external stimulus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sentido","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin sensus","root_meaning":"feeling, perception","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sense","meaning":"faculty of perception","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sens","meaning":"feeling, meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sensus","meaning":"feeling, perception","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sensible","sensitive","sensation","dissent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perception","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faculty","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"491d4a74-3940-4c49-93e5-da5944753a25","word":"sensei","definition":"A teacher, especially of martial arts or Japanese culture.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"先生 (sensei)","root_meaning":"\"former-born\" (elder, teacher)","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sensei","meaning":"A teacher, especially of martial arts or Japanese culture.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"先生 (sensei)","meaning":"teacher, master (literally 'former-born')","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["master","teacher","guru","instructor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"teacher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instructor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guru","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"c856d7fa-c3e5-4f57-92a8-d7a9f7a555bd","word":"sensitive","definition":"Quick to detect or respond to slight changes, signals, or influences.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sensitivo","language_family":"latin","root":"sensus","root_meaning":"sense, feeling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sensitive","meaning":"Quick to detect or respond to slight changes, signals, or influences.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"sensitif","meaning":"having the power of sensation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sensitivus","meaning":"capable of sensation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sensus","meaning":"sense, feeling","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*sent-","meaning":"to go, feel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sense","sensation","sensory","sentient","sentiment","consent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"responsive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceptive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"cd8165fe-233c-45bd-a502-b53fab42d2e5","word":"sensor","definition":"A device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sensor","language_family":"latin","root":"sensus","root_meaning":"sense, feeling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sensor","meaning":"A device that detects or measures","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"sensorium","meaning":"the seat of sensation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sensus","meaning":"sense, feeling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[{"era":"pre-800s BCE","word":"*sent-","meaning":"to go, to perceive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (via English 'sensory')"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sense","sensible","sensitive","sensation","sensory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detector","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gauge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"probe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"f445e6cd-eb03-4aaa-88d4-4b9fe3cd80f0","word":"sensual","definition":"Relating to the physical senses, especially in a way that suggests bodily pleasure.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sensual","language_family":"latin","root":"sensus","root_meaning":"feeling, perception","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sensual","meaning":"relating to the physical senses or bodily pleasure","children":[{"era":"late classical","word":"sensualis","meaning":"pertaining to the senses","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sensus","meaning":"feeling, perception, sense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sense","sensory","sensation","sensuous","sentient"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sensuous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"carnal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"erotic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"5a100e36-11e9-44fd-ae2b-144faa6e7dc8","word":"sent","definition":"Past tense and past participle of send; caused to go or be conveyed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sendan","root_meaning":"to send, put in motion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*send-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sent","meaning":"caused to go or be conveyed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"send","meaning":"to send, dispatch","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"sendan","meaning":"to send, put in motion","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["send","sender","sending","transmit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dispatched","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transmitted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mailed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"5b99dca5-f285-48d0-a906-172fe0f1838b","word":"sentence","definition":"A set of words complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sentencia","language_family":"latin","root":"sententia","root_meaning":"opinion, judgment, thought","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"13th century","word":"sentence","meaning":"opinion, judgment, maxim","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"sentence","meaning":"opinion, judgment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sententia","meaning":"opinion, judgment, thought","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentiō","meaning":"to feel, perceive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*sent-","meaning":"to feel, go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["sentient","sense","consent","dissent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"phrase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clause","formality":"technical"},{"word":"judgment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"18b09c43-b65b-4c4a-8c43-fa8f2478d65f","word":"sentiment","definition":"A feeling or opinion, especially one influenced by emotion rather than logic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sentimiento","language_family":"latin","root":"sentīre","root_meaning":"to feel, perceive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sentiment","meaning":"a feeling or opinion, especially one influenced by emotion rather than logic","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sentiment","meaning":"feeling; thought; opinion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentīre","meaning":"to feel; perceive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sense","sentient","sensory","sentimental","sentience"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opinion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attitude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"394e2d5c-ba5e-4863-89b0-3f026c3b161f","word":"sentimental","definition":"Of or prompted by feelings of tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sentimental","language_family":"latin","root":"sentire","root_meaning":"to feel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sent-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sentimental","meaning":"prompted by feelings","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"sentimental","meaning":"sentimental","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sentiment","meaning":"feeling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentimentum","meaning":"feeling, opinion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sentire","meaning":"to feel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sentiment","sense","sensitive","resent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emotional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nostalgic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maudlin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"56e00073-a180-4fac-bb79-9f34b95c3d9c","word":"sep","definition":"Abbreviation for September or separation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"septem","root_meaning":"seven","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sept-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sep","meaning":"abbreviation for September or separation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"September","meaning":"ninth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"septem","meaning":"seven","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["September","separate","separation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"September","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"b351bcd5-fd7a-44f2-84cc-a21a6f2899f1","word":"separate","definition":"To cause to move or be apart; or existing or considered independently.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"separar","language_family":"latin","root":"separatus","root_meaning":"divided apart","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"separate","meaning":"cause to move apart or exist independently","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"separatus","meaning":"divided apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["separated","separation","separator","separately"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"split","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"169cd02f-4a34-4ec3-886b-7e3bd04e7c6a","word":"separation","definition":"The action or state of moving or being moved apart.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"separación","language_family":"latin","root":"separationem","root_meaning":"a dividing, separation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"separation","meaning":"The action or state of moving or being moved apart.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"separationem","meaning":"a dividing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"separare","meaning":"to divide, disconnect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["separate","separable","apart","partition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detachment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disconnection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"f996cf69-2907-451e-af76-c935473590de","word":"sept","definition":"A division of a family, especially in Ireland and Scotland, or a branch of a clan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"sette","root_meaning":"sect, following","root_language":"Middle French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sept","meaning":"A family division","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sette","meaning":"sect, following","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secta","meaning":"a faction, school, way of thinking","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sect","clan","tribe","family","lineage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"branch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"f827d8b4-d7a0-417d-85af-a23c3badf370","word":"september","definition":"The ninth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"septiembre","language_family":"latin","root":"septem","root_meaning":"seven","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*septm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"September","meaning":"ninth month","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"September","meaning":"seventh month (originally)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"septem","meaning":"seven","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["September","septet","septagon","seven"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ninth month","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"2a5fe8b4-a39d-4119-bc80-b769218d8aae","word":"sequence","definition":"An ordered succession or series of related events or items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"secuencia","language_family":"latin","root":"sequi","root_meaning":"to follow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sequence","meaning":"an ordered succession","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sequence","meaning":"a following, succession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sequentia","meaning":"a following, succession","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sequent","sequential","consequence","sequel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"succession","formality":"formal"},{"word":"series","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"bb36cacf-9418-489a-bfb6-653376a4e213","word":"serene","definition":"Serene means calm, peaceful, and free from disturbance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sereno","language_family":"latin","root":"serenus","root_meaning":"clear, bright, calm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"serene","meaning":"calm and peaceful","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"serene","meaning":"calm, clear, untroubled","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serenus","meaning":"clear, calm, unclouded","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serenity","serenely","sereneness","serener","serenest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tranquil","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peaceful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"27297cba-6a04-4e4b-8154-ed690d122f0f","word":"serenity","definition":"A state of calm, peace, and untroubled clarity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"serenidad","language_family":"latin","root":"serenus","root_meaning":"clear, calm, unclouded","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"serenity","meaning":"state of calm and untroubled peace","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"serenite","meaning":"calmness; peace","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"serenité","meaning":"serenity; calm weather","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serenitas","meaning":"clearness; calm weather; serenity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serenus","meaning":"clear, calm, unclouded","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serene","serenely","sereneness","serener"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calmness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tranquility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peacefulness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"00e11d09-93c0-42c0-ad4c-42e5f7ba110d","word":"sergeant","definition":"A non-commissioned military officer of middle rank, or a police officer ranking below lieutenant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sargento","language_family":"french","root":"sergent","root_meaning":"servant, officer","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sergeant","meaning":"military/police non-commissioned officer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sergeant / sergaunt","meaning":"servant, military attendant","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sergent","meaning":"servant, officer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servientem","meaning":"serving (present participle of servire)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servire","meaning":"to serve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serjeant","serve","servant","service","servitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"non-commissioned officer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"NCO","formality":"technical"},{"word":"staff sergeant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"7ed4b841-c314-46f6-8fb2-1e65a32e4817","word":"serial","definition":"Relating to or consisting of a series of items or events occurring one after another.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"serial","language_family":"latin","root":"series","root_meaning":"a row, chain, or sequence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"serial","meaning":"relating to a series","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"series","meaning":"a row, chain, sequence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["series","serialize","serially","serialization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sequential","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consecutive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"successive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.322Z"}
{"id":"bbec7242-a5b2-4e64-964c-caaed8f5847b","word":"series","definition":"A number of things or events of the same type coming in succession.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"serie","language_family":"latin","root":"series","root_meaning":"row, chain, sequence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"series","meaning":"succession of things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"series","meaning":"row, sequence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serere","meaning":"to link, join","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serial","serialise","serialize","series"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sequence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"succession","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"set","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"f960962c-c4a8-43c8-a0c8-1eb525e2690d","word":"serious","definition":"Grave in manner or appearance; important and demanding careful consideration.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"serio","language_family":"latin","root":"serius","root_meaning":"serious, grave, weighty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"serious","meaning":"grave, important, demanding careful consideration","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"serious","meaning":"grave, earnest, weighty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serius","meaning":"serious, grave, weighty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seriously","seriousness","seriate","series"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grave","formality":"formal"},{"word":"important","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solemn","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"64d098f8-1f7b-4353-abcb-db95e0c9d85e","word":"seriously","definition":"In a solemn, earnest, or grave manner; used also as an intensifier expressing genuine surprise or emphasis.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"seriamente","language_family":"latin","root":"serius","root_meaning":"weighty, grave, earnest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seriously","meaning":"in a serious or earnest manner","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"serious + -ly","meaning":"suffix forming manner adverbs","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"serious","meaning":"grave, earnest","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"seriosus","meaning":"of weighty concern","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serius","meaning":"weighty, grave, not jesting","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serious","seriousness","seriosity","unserious","semi-serious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gravely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earnestly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"genuinely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solemnly","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"113384a9-3b0e-40bd-a7e9-f09772bb9308","word":"sermon","definition":"A religious discourse delivered as part of worship.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sermón","language_family":"latin","root":"sermo","root_meaning":"conversation; discourse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sermon","meaning":"a religious discourse","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"sermon","meaning":"discourse, especially religious discourse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sermo","meaning":"conversation; discourse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sermonic","sermonical","sermonish","sermonette","sermonize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homily","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discourse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"address","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"903e0df0-936d-48d7-980d-fb7aacdd0b1b","word":"serpent","definition":"A legless reptile with a long, scaly body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"serpiente","language_family":"latin","root":"serpere","root_meaning":"to creep, crawl","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*serp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"serpent","meaning":"snake","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"serpentem","meaning":"snake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serpentem","meaning":"creeping thing, snake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serpere","meaning":"to creep, to crawl","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*serp-","meaning":"to crawl","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serpentine","reptile","creep","surreptitious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"f3182e61-8509-4ba7-9011-962cf8590dda","word":"serum","definition":"The clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood that remains after coagulation, without blood cells or clotting factors.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suero","language_family":"latin","root":"serum","root_meaning":"whey","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"serum","meaning":"clear blood fluid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serum","meaning":"whey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["serous","seroma","whey","secretion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plasma (without clotting factors)","formality":"technical"},{"word":"whey (analogous)","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"6c950b61-9110-484c-8ede-440cc65dbf41","word":"servant","definition":"A person who performs duties for others, especially a person employed in a house on domestic duties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sirviente","language_family":"french","root":"servus","root_meaning":"slave","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"servant","meaning":"A person who performs duties for others, especially a person employed in a house on domestic duties.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"servant","meaning":"serving, a servant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servus","meaning":"slave, servant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serve","service","serf","subservient","deserve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domestic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retainer","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"9c5b860f-2f7b-47e0-89e5-7b85360ed652","word":"serve","definition":"To provide food or assistance; to work as an employee or in the military.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"servir","language_family":"latin","root":"servire","root_meaning":"to be a slave, to serve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"serve","meaning":"to work for, to render service","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"servir","meaning":"to serve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servire","meaning":"to be a slave, to serve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["server","service","servant","servile","serving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provide","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"88410d3b-4a36-4958-a847-0b272ad2f793","word":"served","definition":"Past tense of serve; provided service or food to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"servir","language_family":"latin","root":"servire","root_meaning":"to serve, to be a slave","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"served","meaning":"provided service to","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"serve","meaning":"to serve, to attend","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servire","meaning":"to serve, to be a slave","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serve","service","servile","server","servant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attended","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administered","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"77fd3acd-616e-43dd-9935-63e5f45cc089","word":"server","definition":"A computer that provides data, resources, or services to other computers or clients over a network.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"servidor","language_family":"latin","root":"servus","root_meaning":"slave or servant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"server","meaning":"computing device that serves data","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"serve","meaning":"to attend to or provide service","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servire","meaning":"to serve","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servus","meaning":"slave or servant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serve","servant","service","servile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"host","formality":"technical"},{"word":"computer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"machine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"6a6e6f6c-77f7-4e6d-8fa5-66521174d7a5","word":"servers","definition":"Computers or devices that provide services, data, or resources to other computers or users on a network.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"servidores","language_family":"latin","root":"servire","root_meaning":"to serve, attend to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"servers","meaning":"computers providing services on a network","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"server","meaning":"one who serves; a computing device","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"serve","meaning":"to attend to, work for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servire","meaning":"to serve, attend to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serve","servant","service","server"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hosts","formality":"technical"},{"word":"computers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"machines","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"243d3280-5ae2-40c8-9c8a-5093b7c38573","word":"service","definition":"The action of helping or doing work for someone; a system supplying a public need.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"servicio","language_family":"latin","root":"servitium","root_meaning":"slavery, service","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"service","meaning":"act of helping, work done for others","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"service","meaning":"service, work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servitium","meaning":"slavery, service","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serve","servant","servile","disservice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assistance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"c2861f2c-9ec2-4c28-8df4-062447dea502","word":"services","definition":"The plural of service; acts of helping or doing work for someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"servicios","language_family":"latin","root":"servitium","root_meaning":"slavery, service","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"services","meaning":"plural of service","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"service","meaning":"service, work","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servitium","meaning":"slavery, service","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["service","serve","servant","servile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assistance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"19b34f3b-32b0-4113-9da1-0485577270a2","word":"serving","definition":"An act of providing food, drinks, or assistance to someone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sirviendo","language_family":"latin","root":"servus","root_meaning":"slave, servant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ser- (to protect)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"serving","meaning":"act of providing service","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"serve","meaning":"to serve, work for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"servire","meaning":"to serve, be enslaved to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serve","server","servant","service","servile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helping","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"service","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.091Z"}
{"id":"4c889eef-d27a-4fa3-b8af-f3bf498243f8","word":"sesame","definition":"Sesame is a flowering plant grown for its oil-rich seeds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sésamo","language_family":"other","root":"šamaššamu","root_meaning":"sesame","root_language":"Akkadian","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sesame","meaning":"a flowering plant grown for its oil-rich seeds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sesamum","meaning":"sesame","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sēsamon","meaning":"sesame","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"šamaššamu","meaning":"sesame","children":[],"language":"Akkadian"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sesamum","sésamo","sesame oil","sesame seed","sesamol"],"synonyms":[{"word":"benne","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sesame seed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"til","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"911453a9-f3f5-4f67-b4b6-936c1b523223","word":"session","definition":"A period of time devoted to a particular activity or a meeting of a legislative body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sesión","language_family":"latin","root":"sessio","root_meaning":"sitting, seat","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"session","meaning":"period of activity or meeting","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"session","meaning":"sitting, meeting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sessio","meaning":"sitting, seat","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sit","sitting","session","sessions"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sitting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"32620d70-8cc4-411e-aef8-2abf555d1cf7","word":"set","definition":"To place something in a specified position or condition.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"settan","root_meaning":"to cause to sit, place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"set","meaning":"to place, position, or establish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"set","meaning":"to place, put, sit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"settan","meaning":"to cause to sit, place down","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["setter","setting","reset","upset","subset"],"synonyms":[{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"put","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"formal"},{"word":"establish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"6e431ff8-c385-4ec4-8480-df9da4d068b1","word":"setback","definition":"A setback is an obstacle, delay, or reversal that impedes progress.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"settan","root_meaning":"to place, cause to sit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"setback","meaning":"an obstacle, delay, or reversal","children":[{"era":"current","word":"set back","meaning":"to hinder or delay","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"set","meaning":"to place or put","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"the rear or reverse side; behind","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["set","back","reset","backset","setting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reversal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obstacle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"0bfae629-1c9c-4198-badc-8aba7c182638","word":"sets","definition":"Collections of items grouped together or instances of putting something in place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"settan","root_meaning":"to cause to sit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sets","meaning":"groups of items or placements","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"set","meaning":"to place or group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"settan","meaning":"to cause to sit","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*sat-","meaning":"sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["set","setting","setter","beset"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collections","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assemblies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clusters","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"04a4acdc-f15f-44ef-b714-4164d621fa82","word":"setting","definition":"The place, time, or circumstances in which something happens, or the act of putting something in a particular position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"settan","root_meaning":"to cause to sit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*sad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"setting","meaning":"place or circumstances","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"setting","meaning":"act of placing","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"settan","meaning":"to cause to sit","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*sad-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["set","setter","settee","settle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"environment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"context","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"backdrop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"f2ab5c19-d32a-45ba-9d35-3997029e49ef","word":"settings","definition":"Configurations or adjustable parameters that determine how something operates.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ajustes","language_family":"germanic","root":"settan","root_meaning":"to place, to put","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"settings","meaning":"configurations or placements","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"setting","meaning":"the act of placing or context","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"set","meaning":"to place, to put","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"settan","meaning":"to cause to sit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["set","setting","settle","offset","beset"],"synonyms":[{"word":"configurations","formality":"technical"},{"word":"parameters","formality":"technical"},{"word":"adjustments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"options","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"cb6808cd-13a5-42d7-ad13-598c221a79c2","word":"settle","definition":"To take up a permanent residence or to come to rest.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"setlan","root_meaning":"to set, to place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*satljaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"settle","meaning":"to take up permanent residence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"settlen","meaning":"to seat, place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"setlan","meaning":"to set, place","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*satljaną","meaning":"to set, put","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seat","sit","set","saddle","settlement","settler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reside","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dwell","formality":"literary"},{"word":"establish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"ee4d2087-9a74-4f1f-b723-767555ed6c4d","word":"settlement","definition":"An official agreement intended to resolve a dispute or conflict.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"setlan","root_meaning":"to set, place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*setjanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"settlement","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"settle","meaning":"to resolve, establish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"setlan","meaning":"to set, place","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*setjanan","meaning":"to set, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seat","sit","stable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"colony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"d6401d47-fe1d-4fa0-a3d0-010502dbd488","word":"settler","definition":"A person who settles in a new place, especially as a colonist or pioneer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"setlan","root_meaning":"to settle, seat, put to rest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"settler","meaning":"a person who settles in a new place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"settle","meaning":"to establish, place, or make steady","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"setlan","meaning":"to settle, seat, put to rest","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sahtlian","meaning":"to reconcile, calm, subside","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["settle","settlement","resettle","unsettled","settling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"colonist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pioneer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immigrant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"53921e61-2381-4d3b-830e-c1650c0a1ca4","word":"seven","definition":"The cardinal number equal to 6 plus 1.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"siete","language_family":"germanic","root":"seofon","root_meaning":"seven","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*septm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seven","meaning":"the number 7","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"seven","meaning":"the number 7","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seofon","meaning":"seven","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sevens","seventh","seventeen","seventy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heptad","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"83017570-b54a-45ff-8807-ecfac1232620","word":"seventeen","definition":"The cardinal number equivalent to the sum of sixteen and one; one more than sixteen.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"diecisiete","language_family":"germanic","root":"*sebun-tehun","root_meaning":"seven and ten","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*septm̥ deḱm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seventeen","meaning":"The cardinal number equivalent to the sum of sixteen and one.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"seventene","meaning":"seventeen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seofontīene","meaning":"seventeen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sebun-tehun","meaning":"seven and ten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*septm̥ deḱm̥","meaning":"seven ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seven","ten","sixteen","eighteen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"XVII","formality":"technical"},{"word":"17","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seventeenth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"6628791e-1bf1-4c53-974b-d1afb8669939","word":"seventy","definition":"The cardinal number equal to seven times ten.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *sebuntigō","root_meaning":"seven tens","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*septm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"seventy","meaning":"the cardinal number 70","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English seofontig","meaning":"seventy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *sebuntigō","meaning":"seven tens","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *sebun","meaning":"seven","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *septm̥","meaning":"seven","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *tehun","meaning":"ten","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *dekm̥","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seven","seventh","seventeen","seventyfold","seventy-one"],"synonyms":[{"word":"three-score and ten","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"70","formality":"technical"},{"word":"LXX","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"09a6917d-6ca0-4144-bae1-3888f8bc5b7b","word":"sever","definition":"To divide by cutting or slicing, especially suddenly and forcibly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"separar","language_family":"french","root":"separare","root_meaning":"to separate, divide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*se-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sever","meaning":"To divide by cutting...","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sevrer","meaning":"to separate, wean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"separare","meaning":"to separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"se-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"parare","meaning":"to prepare, procure","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["separate","severance","several","divide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleave","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"c50bd480-b382-4774-b941-c9627b3900f0","word":"several","definition":"More than two but not very many; a number of people or things.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"varios","language_family":"latin","root":"separalis","root_meaning":"separate or distinct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"several","meaning":"more than two but not many","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"several","meaning":"separate or distinct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"separalis","meaning":"separate or distinct","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"separare","meaning":"to separate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"separ-","meaning":"apart","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["separate","separately","severally","severity","severe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"some","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"a few","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"various","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"multiple","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"75464302-fd29-49ff-bcae-e35af800f7b2","word":"severe","definition":"(Of something bad or undesirable) very great; intense.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"severo","language_family":"latin","root":"severus","root_meaning":"serious, strict, harsh","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"severe","meaning":"intense, strict, harsh","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"severe","meaning":"harsh, rigorous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"severus","meaning":"serious, strict, harsh","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["severity","persevere","asseverate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harsh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"austere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"c8b8ac69-9f50-444b-a692-b25fe153a529","word":"sew","definition":"Join, fasten, or repair (something) by making stitches with a needle and thread or a sewing machine.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"coser","language_family":"germanic","root":"siwjan","root_meaning":"to sew","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*syuH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sew","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"siwan","meaning":"to sew","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"siwjan","meaning":"to sew","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*syuH-","meaning":"to bind, to sew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seam","suture","needle","tailor","stitch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stitch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"f82e014c-e712-43c0-bf9b-ba34240f7258","word":"sewer","definition":"An underground conduit for carrying off drainage water and waste matter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"sewere","root_meaning":"channel for drainage","root_language":"Anglo-Norman French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sewer","meaning":"drainage conduit","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sewere","meaning":"channel for drainage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"essai","meaning":"drainage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"exaquaria","meaning":"drainage channel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aqua","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aquatic","aqueduct","drainage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conduit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"culvert","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"c1b2896d-7660-4a70-baa7-9bf62bd9d4f4","word":"sex","definition":"Either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and many other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sexo","language_family":"latin","root":"sexus","root_meaning":"male or female, division","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sex","meaning":"male/female category","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sexe","meaning":"gender, sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexus","meaning":"division, sex, gender","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sexual","sexuality","bisexual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carnality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intercourse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"30756089-0b29-4a6f-b72d-53e29cd1c7fa","word":"sexist","definition":"A person who holds or expresses prejudice based on sex or gender, or an adjective describing that bias.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sexista","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin sexus","root_meaning":"sex, gender","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sexist","meaning":"biased on the basis of sex or gender","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"sex","meaning":"biological sex or gender","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexus","meaning":"sex, gender","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin-derived English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"-ist","meaning":"one associated with or practicing something","children":[],"language":"French/Latin via Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sex","sexism","sexistly","sexistness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sexist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"biased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discriminatory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"6fb5c1d5-6b76-47b4-9ab1-71a0b30d1cd9","word":"sexual","definition":"Relating to or involving sex or the sexes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sexual","language_family":"latin","root":"sexus","root_meaning":"sex, gender","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sexual","meaning":"relating to sex or reproduction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sexual","meaning":"relating to sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexualis","meaning":"of sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexus","meaning":"sex, gender, distinction","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sex","sexuality","sexualize","asexual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"erotic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reproductive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"carnal","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"e2358e84-1c76-42b6-8251-5e7aafb29540","word":"sexuality","definition":"A person's sexual orientation or preference.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sexualidad","language_family":"latin","root":"sexualis","root_meaning":"pertaining to sex","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sexuality","meaning":"Sexual orientation or preference","children":[{"era":"1200s-current","word":"sexualité","meaning":"sexuality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexualis","meaning":"pertaining to sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexus","meaning":"sex, gender","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sex","sexual","bisexual","heterosexual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sensuality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"libido","formality":"technical"},{"word":"desire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"0232e823-f7ed-4c25-95f5-2ad3e4cfc087","word":"sexy","definition":"Sexually attractive or exciting.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"sexus","root_meaning":"sex, gender","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sexy","meaning":"Sexually attractive","children":[{"era":"1890s","word":"sex + -y","meaning":"gender, sexual intercourse + characterized by","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexus","meaning":"sex, gender","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sex","sexual","sexuality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attractive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alluring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sensual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"3d930460-4b32-4643-b26b-be09c4dc7bf9","word":"shack","definition":"A roughly built hut or cabin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"xacalli","root_meaning":"wooden hut","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shack","meaning":"a roughly built hut or cabin","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"jacal","meaning":"hut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"xacalli","meaning":"wooden hut","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Mexican Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hut","cabin","shanty","hovel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cabin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shanty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hovel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"c91b9e25-1d52-43b7-854c-607995152200","word":"shade","definition":"A slight darkness caused by the interception of light; a comparative darkness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sombra","language_family":"germanic","root":"sceadu","root_meaning":"shade, shadow, darkness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skot-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shade","meaning":"A slight darkness.","children":[{"era":"Old English","word":"shade","meaning":"darkness, shadow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceadu","meaning":"shadow, darkness, protection","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skatwō","meaning":"shadow","children":[{"era":"pre-800s BCE","word":"*skot-","meaning":"darkness, shadow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shadow","shady","shed","hide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gloom","formality":"literary"},{"word":"darkness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dimness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"f4fb5131-bd07-4baf-9736-f11a7aa3d104","word":"shadow","definition":"A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceadu","root_meaning":"shadow, darkness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skot-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shadow","meaning":"dark area","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceadu","meaning":"shadow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skadwaz","meaning":"shadow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shade","shadowy","umbrage","adumbrate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gloom","formality":"literary"},{"word":"darkness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"6aec592d-0af5-43c5-8c58-824f256330a8","word":"shady","definition":"Full of shade; (informal) of doubtful honesty or legality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceadu","root_meaning":"shade, shadow, darkness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1610s","word":"shady","meaning":"full of shade; suspicious","children":[{"era":"c. 1100","word":"shade","meaning":"darkness, gloom","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceadu","meaning":"shade, shadow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shade","shadow","gleam","dim","obscurity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shadowy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dubious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suspicious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unscrupulous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"4ae18a1e-f676-4e3f-8466-c4d4ef00e598","word":"shaft","definition":"A long, narrow part or section forming the body of a tool or weapon, or a ray of light.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceaft","root_meaning":"spear, pole","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shaft","meaning":"long rod, ray of light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceaft","meaning":"spear, pole, stalk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skabh-","meaning":"to scrape, to plane","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shave","scab","scaffold","sheaf","shove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beam","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"45c256c2-5874-4ecc-9457-ec75c511a42c","word":"shaggy","definition":"having long, rough, coarse, or unkempt hair or fibers.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceacga","root_meaning":"rough matted hair or wool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shaggy","meaning":"having long, rough, coarse, or unkempt hair or fibers","children":[{"era":"1590s","word":"shag","meaning":"rough matted hair; coarse nap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceacga","meaning":"rough matted hair or wool","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shag","shagginess","shagged","shagging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hairy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unkempt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bristly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"8c8379fe-185c-43c2-b997-81970b8c9799","word":"shake","definition":"To move rapidly to and fro or up and down with short, quick movements.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scacan","root_meaning":"to shake, to vibrate, to move quickly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skēg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shake","meaning":"To move rapidly to and fro or up and down with short, quick movements.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scacan","meaning":"to shake, to vibrate","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*skēg-","meaning":"to shake","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shock","quake","shog","shag"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tremble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vibrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"9747d242-88db-4acb-abb0-782c4ebd181e","word":"shaky","definition":"Shaky means unsteady, trembling, or not securely reliable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sceacan","root_meaning":"to shake, move back and forth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shaky","meaning":"unsteady, trembling, or unreliable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shake","meaning":"to move rapidly back and forth","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix forming a quality or tendency","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *skakaną","meaning":"to shake or move abruptly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shake","shaken","shaker","shakiness","shakily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unsteady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wobbly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"precarious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"b63f2c92-513d-4260-b42b-870cae951a8c","word":"shall","definition":"A modal verb used to express future events or obligations, or to make polite suggestions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceolde","root_meaning":"owed, ought","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shall","meaning":"expressing future or obligation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shall","meaning":"owe, ought","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceolde","meaning":"owed, should","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["should","shan't","shall's","will"],"synonyms":[{"word":"will","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"must","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ought to","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"e75882c4-32d3-4338-91a8-431c34330f23","word":"shallow","definition":"Of little depth; not deep.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceald","root_meaning":"shallow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shallow","meaning":"not deep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceald","meaning":"shallow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shoal","shallowness","shallows","shelf","shallowly","shallow-minded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"superficial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superficial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"frivolous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trivial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"e832907d-bde8-49b4-b1fb-e8b678d93e9a","word":"shalom","definition":"A Hebrew greeting meaning \"peace,\" often used as hello or goodbye.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ש־ל־ם","root_meaning":"wholeness, completeness, peace","root_language":"Hebrew","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shalom","meaning":"a Hebrew greeting meaning peace","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"שָׁלוֹם (shalom)","meaning":"peace, well-being, completeness","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"ש־ל־ם","meaning":"to be complete, sound, or at peace","children":[],"language":"Semitic root"}],"language":"Hebrew"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shalem","Jerusalem","Salem","Shlomo","shalom aleichem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hello","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"farewell","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"9f6ab257-caf7-4a36-90bc-0c65cf0b3efb","word":"shaman","definition":"A religious or ritual specialist who is believed to mediate between the human and spirit worlds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"saman","root_meaning":"ritual specialist; shaman","root_language":"Evenki","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shaman","meaning":"a ritual specialist or spirit mediator","children":[{"era":"pre-modern","word":"saman","meaning":"ritual specialist; shaman","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"шаман","meaning":"shaman","children":[],"language":"Russian"}],"language":"Evenki"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shamanism","shamanic","shamanistic","shamans"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ritual healer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spirit healer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"medicine man","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"3312d0aa-2278-4405-b865-daa0d0f3da9e","word":"shame","definition":"A painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*skam-","root_meaning":"to cover, to conceal","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shame","meaning":"A painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scamu","meaning":"shame, disgrace, ignominy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skamō","meaning":"shame, disgrace","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ashamed","shameless","shaming","shyness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"embarrassment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disgrace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humiliation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ignominy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"eaddf4d7-357c-4bd3-9214-9bc2833fe1f1","word":"shameful","definition":"Deserving or causing shame or disgrace.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scamu","root_meaning":"shame, disgrace, confusion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skamō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shameful","meaning":"causing shame","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shame","meaning":"disgrace, dishonor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scamu","meaning":"shame, disgrace","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*skamō","meaning":"shame","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shame","ashamed","shameless","shaming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disgraceful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ignominious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"humiliating","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reprehensible","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"922a2129-5453-467e-a29e-715ef06b278b","word":"shameless","definition":"Having or showing no shame, modesty, or sense of impropriety.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"shame, -less","root_meaning":"disgrace, lacking","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skam- (shame), *lausaz (less)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shameless","meaning":"without shame","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shame","meaning":"disgrace","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shame","shameful","shamelessly","careless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brazen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immodest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"audacious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"fdb5589d-5d0a-4f9b-b1fe-2350e9724cfb","word":"shampoo","definition":"A liquid preparation for washing the hair.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"champú","language_family":"other","root":"chāmpo","root_meaning":"press, massage","root_language":"Hindi","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1900s","word":"champú","meaning":"Shampoo.","children":[{"era":"1760s","word":"shampoo","meaning":"Head massage; later, hair wash.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"chāmpo","meaning":"Press, massage (imperative of chāmpnā).","language":"Hindi"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Spanish"},"related_words":["shampooing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hair wash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleanser","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"ce5df6cc-9d27-4bac-b247-478221606698","word":"shan","definition":"(informal, British slang) Bad; poor; unlucky.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"chani","root_meaning":"bad","root_language":"Romani","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shan","meaning":"bad, poor","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"chani","meaning":"bad","children":[],"language":"Romani"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unlucky","rubbish","crap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rubbish","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"b52fd353-b8e3-4b41-bc90-addf06519dd2","word":"shang","definition":"A Chinese unit of land area equal to 15 mu, or about one hectare.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shang","meaning":"a Chinese unit of land area","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Chinese loanword","meaning":"a land-area unit","children":[],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shāng","sháng","shǎng","shàng","mu"],"synonyms":[{"word":"land measure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"area unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hectare","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"dab223d6-56a1-4886-b206-022500196ac5","word":"shape","definition":"The external form or outline of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceapan","root_meaning":"to create, form, shape","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*skep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shape","meaning":"the form or outline of an object","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shape","meaning":"form, figure, appearance","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sceapan","meaning":"to create, form, shape","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skep-","meaning":"to cut, scrape, shape","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shaped","shaper","reshape","misshape","shapeless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"form","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contour","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outline","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"14ff97dc-795a-4921-bba0-ac5ef9578249","word":"share","definition":"To divide and distribute something among two or more people.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English scearu","root_meaning":"cut, division, portion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"share","meaning":"to divide and distribute","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scearu","meaning":"cut, division, portion","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shared","sharer","sharing","shares"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distribute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"portion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"a3ccb6be-0cfb-4da1-9650-cda9e97fe84c","word":"shared","definition":"Past tense of share; divided, used, or experienced jointly with others.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scieran","root_meaning":"to cut, divide","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shared","meaning":"divided or used jointly","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"share","meaning":"portion, part, to divide","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scieran","meaning":"to cut, divide","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut, separate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["share","sharer","sharing","shareable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"62489a7a-6f88-4cf0-8443-aae2db441a1e","word":"shareholder","definition":"An owner of shares in a company or corporation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scieran","root_meaning":"to cut, divide","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shareholder","meaning":"An owner of shares in a company or corporation","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"share","meaning":"part, portion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scearu","meaning":"a cutting, portion","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"holder","meaning":"one who holds","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"haldan","meaning":"to keep, possess","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["share","stockholder","stakeholder","holding","shares"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stockholder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"investor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"owner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"b46fb5e8-8a0a-467b-b5dc-10d47da147e9","word":"shares","definition":"portions or parts of something divided among multiple people, or units of ownership in a company.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acciones","language_family":"germanic","root":"scearu","root_meaning":"a share, portion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shares","meaning":"portions or units of ownership","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"share","meaning":"a portion or part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scearu","meaning":"a share, portion, cutting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["share","shareholder","shared","shareware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"portions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stocks","formality":"technical"},{"word":"allocations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"bb608ce7-eedd-4f58-abf4-0e16a0ef96c2","word":"shareware","definition":"Software distributed free of charge on a trial basis with the understanding that the user may be required to pay for it later.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"share + ware","root_meaning":"portion + goods","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shareware","meaning":"software distributed on trial","children":[{"era":"current","word":"share","meaning":"portion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scearu","meaning":"division, portion","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"ware","meaning":"goods","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waru","meaning":"merchandise, goods","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*warō","meaning":"ware, goods","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["share","ware","software","hardware","firmware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"freemium","formality":"technical"},{"word":"trialware","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"08a34d83-d0dd-458e-9480-9f6e54bd1e0d","word":"sharing","definition":"The act of giving or using something jointly with others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"compartiendo","language_family":"germanic","root":"sceran","root_meaning":"to cut, divide, share","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sharing","meaning":"giving or using jointly","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"share","meaning":"to divide and distribute, portion","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sceran","meaning":"to cut, divide, share","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut, separate, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["share","shared","sharer","shareholder","shareholding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distributing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dividing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apportioning","formality":"formal"},{"word":"allotting","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"5609094f-92f5-46d8-bb0e-61b5b239c646","word":"sharp","definition":"Having a keen edge or point, or having an angle that is less than 90 degrees.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scearp","root_meaning":"sharp, keen","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sharp","meaning":"having a keen edge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scearp","meaning":"sharp, keen","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sharpen","sharpness","shard","shear","scarf"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pointed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acute","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T15:56:12.940Z"}
{"id":"e6dcda92-d196-4d00-9ad3-a7a222640607","word":"shave","definition":"To shave is to cut hair from the skin, especially the face, using a razor.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceafan","root_meaning":"to scrape, scratch, shave","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shave","meaning":"to cut hair from the skin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceafan","meaning":"to scrape, shave","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scab","scoop","scrape","shaft","shear","shiver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"razor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"af423ca1-c72c-46c8-8a83-040611c59bbb","word":"shaw","definition":"A small wood, copse, or thicket.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scaga","root_meaning":"copse, wood","root_language":"Old English / Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shaw","meaning":"small wood or thicket","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scaga","meaning":"copse, wood","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["holt","coppice","thicket","grove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thicket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woodland","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"e9a7801f-6aa8-40d7-975b-8aedcf51302f","word":"shay","definition":"An archaic word for a chaise or light carriage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"chaise","root_meaning":"chair; light carriage","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shay","meaning":"archaic word for a chaise or light carriage","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"chaise","meaning":"chair; light carriage","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chaise","chaise longue","shays","one-horse shay"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chaise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carriage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buggy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"29341d3d-de11-420a-a99d-42b25956913c","word":"she","definition":"A female person or animal referred to as the subject of a sentence.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sēo or hēo","root_meaning":"feminine pronoun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sio (feminine demonstrative)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"she","meaning":"female pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sēo","meaning":"she, that female","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*sio","meaning":"feminine demonstrative pronoun","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["her","hers","herself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"female","formality":"formal"},{"word":"girl","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.673Z"}
{"id":"676862b5-bf03-45ba-8fa3-b20424cd3131","word":"shea","definition":"A West African tree whose oil-rich seeds are used to make shea butter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"si","root_meaning":"shea tree","root_language":"Bambara","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shea","meaning":"a West African tree and its oil-rich fruit or nut","children":[{"era":"unknown","word":"si","meaning":"the shea tree","children":[],"language":"Bambara"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shea butter","shea tree","shea nut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"African butter tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"butter tree","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"karité tree","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"8403cdad-1718-480f-8892-fad28bf129ac","word":"shed","definition":"To cast off or drop (skin, leaves, tears).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scēadan","root_meaning":"to separate, divide","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeh₁t-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shed","meaning":"To cast off or drop","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shedden","meaning":"to separate, part, pour out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scēadan","meaning":"to separate, divide, distinguish","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"skæithan","meaning":"to divide, separate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scatter","split","schism","discern","discriminate","shedding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"discard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cast off","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"molt","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"6fcb8c95-163f-47f3-b53a-9972c66ed531","word":"sheep","definition":"A ruminant mammal widely kept for its wool, meat, and milk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scēap","root_meaning":"sheep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skǣpą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sheep","meaning":"A ruminant mammal.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scēap","meaning":"sheep","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skǣpą","meaning":"sheep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shepherd","sheeplike","ewe","lamb","ram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ovine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lamb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ram","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"cb7e6492-8552-4c00-a735-5b15cd03ddcc","word":"sheer","definition":"Utter, complete, or transparently thin.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scir","root_meaning":"bright, pure, clear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sheer","meaning":"Utter, complete, or transparently thin.","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"schere","meaning":"bright, clear, pure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scir","meaning":"bright, pure, clear","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*skei-","meaning":"to cut, to split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clear","pure","absolute","transparent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transparent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"2b47328f-2225-4bba-ac5a-38a3cb24eeb6","word":"sheet","definition":"A thin rectangular piece of material such as paper, metal, or cloth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scēte","root_meaning":"a piece cut off, a thin piece","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sheet","meaning":"a thin rectangular piece of material","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"sheet","meaning":"a piece of cloth or paper","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scēte","meaning":"a piece cut off; cloth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sheets","bedsheet","sheet metal","unsheet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"membrane","formality":"technical"},{"word":"layer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"2753e00a-bcb7-4265-968e-2039118792b4","word":"sheila","definition":"An informal term for a woman or girl, especially in Australia and New Zealand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Síle","root_meaning":"Irish form of Cecilia","root_language":"Irish Gaelic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sheila","meaning":"informal term for woman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Síle","meaning":"Irish form of Cecilia","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Caecilia","meaning":"Roman family name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"caecus","meaning":"blind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Irish Gaelic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Cecilia","Cecil","Celia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"woman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"girl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dame","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"921f0a2e-3179-4792-9a1d-aace7c8b0755","word":"shelf","definition":"A flat length of wood or other rigid material, attached to a wall or forming part of a unit, used for storing or displaying objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*skelf-","root_meaning":"to split, divide","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shelf","meaning":"A flat length of wood or other rigid material...","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"schelf","meaning":"shelf","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scylfe","meaning":"shelf, deck","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skelf-","meaning":"to split, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shingle","shell","skill","scale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"654c05bc-349e-440b-8541-3d57628fdf54","word":"shell","definition":"The hard, protective outer case of an animal or fruit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*skell-","root_meaning":"to split, cut","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shell","meaning":"hard outer case","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scell","meaning":"shell, rind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skell-","meaning":"to split, cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scale","peel","skull","skill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"casing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"husk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"covering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"a8969c82-766c-4cc2-9205-14261cccecc3","word":"shelly","definition":"Full of or covered with shells.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"shell + -y","root_meaning":"outer covering + characterized by","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skaljō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shelly","meaning":"covered with shells","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shell","meaning":"outer covering","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skaljō","meaning":"scale, shell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shell","shellfish","shelling","unshelled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crustaceous","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hard-shelled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"testaceous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"ea42cbb0-0548-468f-a5f3-baef7c5730ab","word":"shelter","definition":"A place providing protection from bad weather, danger, or attack.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scield","root_meaning":"shield, protection","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shelter","meaning":"a place of protection","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"scheltre","meaning":"a place offering protection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scield","meaning":"shield, protection","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shield","shell","shallow","shoal","shroud"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refuge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haven","formality":"literary"},{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanctuary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"0a7b8bec-7b2a-4a48-927d-68613db741cd","word":"shepherd","definition":"A person who tends, feeds, and guards sheep.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceaphierde","root_meaning":"sheep-herder","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shepherd","meaning":"A person who tends, feeds, and guards sheep.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceaphierde","meaning":"sheep-herder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceap","meaning":"sheep","language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hierde","meaning":"herder","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sheep","herd","herder","goatherd"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pastor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"herdsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drover","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"57a658c4-57e4-417f-9f91-4607d1132173","word":"sherbet","definition":"A frozen dessert made from fruit juice, water, and sugar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sorbete","language_family":"other","root":"sharbah","root_meaning":"drink","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~900 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 AD","word":"shariba","meaning":"To drink.","children":[{"era":"~900 AD","word":"sharbah","meaning":"A drink, sweet beverage.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"şerbet","meaning":"Sweet fruit drink.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"sherbet","meaning":"Frozen fruit dessert.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"sorbete","meaning":"Sorbet.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["sorbet","syrup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sorbet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ice","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"ec8b1ec5-0705-4ef2-bfe3-7ece513d2e5c","word":"sheriff","definition":"The chief law enforcement officer in a county in the US, or a high-ranking judicial official in some other countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scīrgerēfa","root_meaning":"shire-reeve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sheriff","meaning":"law enforcement officer","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"shirreve","meaning":"shire-reeve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scīrgerēfa","meaning":"shire-reeve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scīr","meaning":"shire, administrative district","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gerēfa","meaning":"reeve, official, administrator","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shire","reeve","sheriffdom","sheriffalty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marshal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lawman","formality":"informal"},{"word":"police chief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"978ef8be-ceba-4d6e-ba68-8f8bd4c3f5a5","word":"shh","definition":"An exclamation used to urge silence or to command someone to be quiet.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"shh","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shh","meaning":"urge silence","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hush","silence","quiet","psst"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"8d383f45-2af7-48ba-98db-181c7b4a7dee","word":"shield","definition":"A broad piece of defensive armor, carried on the arm to protect the body from blows or missiles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scild","root_meaning":"shield","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skelduz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shield","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scild","meaning":"shield","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skelduz","meaning":"shield","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skel-","meaning":"to cut, cleave","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shelter","shell","scalpel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buckler","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"guard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protection","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"23a331ba-e158-451c-85d8-8fdc884c38de","word":"shift","definition":"To move or cause to move from one place or position to another, especially over a small distance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skifta","root_meaning":"to divide, separate, change","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skiftijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shift","meaning":"To move from one place to another","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"schift","meaning":"to divide, separate, arrange","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skifta","meaning":"to divide, separate, change","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skiftijaną","meaning":"to make a division","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skiff","shifty","shuffle","sheaf"],"synonyms":[{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"move","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"48e7f0f7-ff7d-4bc6-b69c-3947178410ab","word":"shilling","definition":"A former British coin worth twelve old pence, or one twentieth of a pound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*skillingaz","root_meaning":"shilling; small coin","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shilling","meaning":"a former British coin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shilling","meaning":"a coin worth twelve pence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sċilling","meaning":"coin unit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skillingaz","meaning":"coin unit; shilling","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shillings","Schilling","shillinged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bob","formality":"informal"},{"word":"piece","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"17888cc0-4000-497f-ab84-2dfd615817ea","word":"shin","definition":"The front part of the leg below the knee and above the ankle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scinu","root_meaning":"shin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sken-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shin","meaning":"The front part of the leg below the knee and above the ankle.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scinu","meaning":"shin","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skinnō","meaning":"shin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shinbone","shinguard","skin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tibia","formality":"technical"},{"word":"leg","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calf","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"522abef3-960c-4dc8-a83b-edcd5eccc242","word":"shine","definition":"To emit light or to appear brightly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scīnan","root_meaning":"to shine, radiate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shine","meaning":"To emit light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scīnan","meaning":"to shine, radiate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sheen","shiny","shimmer","show"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gleam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sparkle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"79cc6bf4-0b6a-4f11-ae8e-f8ba42aa37bc","word":"shiny","definition":"Reflecting light, typically because of a smooth or polished surface.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scinan","root_meaning":"to shine","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shiny","meaning":"reflecting light","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"shine","meaning":"to emit light","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scinan","meaning":"to shine","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skeinan","meaning":"to shine","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shine","shimmer","sheen","bright"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gleaming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lustrous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"radiant","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"2403247d-b8ac-443b-88e8-958088efb306","word":"ship","definition":"A large vessel designed to carry passengers or cargo across water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English scip","root_meaning":"ship, vessel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ship","meaning":"large water vessel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scip","meaning":"ship, vessel","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*skip-","meaning":"to cut, shape","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ships","shipment","shipyard","shipping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vessel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"5148c118-5b35-41b2-a20b-82e03fc52737","word":"shipment","definition":"The action of shipping goods, or the goods shipped.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scip","root_meaning":"boat, vessel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shipment","meaning":"The action of shipping goods, or the goods shipped","children":[{"era":"current","word":"ship","meaning":"to send by ship","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scip","meaning":"boat, vessel","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ment","meaning":"suffix denoting action or result","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"-ment","meaning":"suffix","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-mentum","meaning":"suffix","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ship","shipping","equipment","movement","agreement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cargo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consignment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delivery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"41de0522-6a06-4bf5-8ea5-3be25f874262","word":"shipping","definition":"The act of sending goods or merchandise to a destination.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"envío","language_family":"germanic","root":"ship","root_meaning":"vessel for transport","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shipping","meaning":"transport of goods","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ship","meaning":"vessel for water transport","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skip-","meaning":"to shape, construct","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ship","shipment","shipper","shipyard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delivery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transport","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispatch","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"6385edd8-05f1-41ab-a890-f7fc7c63cce4","word":"ships","definition":"Plural of ship; large waterborne vessels designed for transport.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English scip","root_meaning":"ship, vessel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ships","meaning":"waterborne vessels","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ship","meaning":"vessel, boat","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*skei-","meaning":"to cut, split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ship","shipment","shipping","shipyard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vessels","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boats","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crafts","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"6f49b0ea-a0cf-4d26-a228-983e7dfd6537","word":"shirt","definition":"A garment worn on the upper body with sleeves and typically a collar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scyrte","root_meaning":"short garment","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shirt","meaning":"upper body garment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shirt","meaning":"short garment, undergarment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scyrte","meaning":"short tunic","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shirts","shirted","shirting","shirtless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"top","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tunic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.107Z"}
{"id":"8eefb960-db84-4093-8546-daba7c652203","word":"shirts","definition":"Garments worn on the upper body, typically with sleeves and buttons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceorte","root_meaning":"short","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shirts","meaning":"upper body garments","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shirt","meaning":"short garment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceorte","meaning":"short","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shirt","shirting","shirtless","undershirt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"top","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blouse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"8723733b-510e-4b14-8937-23109b078230","word":"shit","definition":"Excrement; also used as an expletive to express anger, annoyance, or contempt.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scitan","root_meaning":"to defecate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shit","meaning":"excrement, expletive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scitte","meaning":"diarrhea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scitan","meaning":"to defecate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skītaną","meaning":"to defecate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*skei-","meaning":"to cut, split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scathe","schism","skid","sheath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crap","formality":"informal"},{"word":"feces","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nonsense","formality":"informal"},{"word":"damn","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"3501bcbf-46a8-424b-add4-9d70aacc7123","word":"shite","definition":"A vulgar spelling variant of shit, used for excrement or as an expletive.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *skītaną","root_meaning":"to defecate","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shite","meaning":"vulgar word for excrement or an expletive","children":[{"era":"c. 1200s","word":"shite","meaning":"variant spelling of shit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scītan","meaning":"to defecate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skītaną","meaning":"to defecate","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*skei-","meaning":"to cut, split; source of the Germanic excretion verb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shit","shits","shat","shitting","shitty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feces","formality":"technical"},{"word":"excrement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dung","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"35136fbd-d6f8-4897-ae76-1e06475361ef","word":"shithole","definition":"A very unpleasant, dirty, or contemptible place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shithole","meaning":"a filthy or contemptible place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shit","meaning":"feces","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hole","meaning":"a hollow or opening","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shit","hole","hellhole","dump","slum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dump","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hellhole","formality":"informal"},{"word":"slum","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"5da36a05-db20-43b3-ac74-9625cd22edf6","word":"shitty","definition":"Of very poor quality; unpleasant or contemptible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scite","root_meaning":"dung, excrement","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shitty","meaning":"Of very poor quality; unpleasant or contemptible","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"shit","meaning":"feces, excrement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scite","meaning":"dung, excrement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shit","shite","shithouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"terrible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"8147f70c-8ddc-4b99-a8e0-be16176e1a85","word":"shiver","definition":"To shiver is to tremble or shake, especially from cold or fear.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shiver","meaning":"to tremble or shake, especially from cold or fear","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"chiveren","meaning":"to shiver; perhaps a blend of chillen and biveren","children":[{"era":"late 14th c.","word":"chillen","meaning":"to feel cold or make cold","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"biveren","meaning":"to shake, tremble","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shiver","shivered","shivering","shivery","shake","quiver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tremble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shudder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"a1ad4fdf-e7a4-4021-90f4-59bb7b4f4cba","word":"shock","definition":"A sudden upsetting or surprising event or experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"choc","root_meaning":"an impact","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shock","meaning":"A sudden upsetting or surprising event or experience.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"choc","meaning":"an impact","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"choquier","meaning":"to strike against","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shocking","shocked","shocker","unshaken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surprise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trauma","formality":"technical"},{"word":"jolt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"5bc7ac48-069b-4f6f-80fc-4427f08f6872","word":"shoe","definition":"An outer covering for your foot that you wear to protect it or for fashion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scōh","root_meaning":"shoe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skōh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shoe","meaning":"footwear","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shō","meaning":"shoe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scōh","meaning":"shoe","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*skōh-","meaning":"shoe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shod","shoehorn","shoemaker","horseshoe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"footwear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slipper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"ed65766f-34c5-4e98-933f-44c37e5951a9","word":"shoes","definition":"Plural of shoe; outer coverings for the foot typically made of leather with a hard sole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sco","root_meaning":"to cover, shell","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shoes","meaning":"foot coverings","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shoon","meaning":"shoes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sco","meaning":"shoe, covering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*skeu-","meaning":"to cover, conceal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shoe","shoemaker","shoeless","unshod"],"synonyms":[{"word":"footwear","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sneaker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"boot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"4b7e5852-ae24-4511-b26a-ff4eb8adbd9f","word":"shogun","definition":"A shogun was a hereditary Japanese military ruler who governed in the emperor's name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"shōgun","root_meaning":"general, commander-in-chief","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shogun","meaning":"Japanese military ruler","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shōgun","meaning":"general, commander-in-chief","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sei-i taishōgun","meaning":"great general who subdues the barbarians","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shogunate","shogunal","shogunship","shogunates","shogunal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"general","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warlord","formality":"informal"},{"word":"commander","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"3678ca1f-9dd0-4cc6-8e15-8ab84a2d83ca","word":"shoo","definition":"An exclamation used to drive away an animal or person.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shoo","meaning":"exclamation to drive away","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"shoo","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English (imitative)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scat","begone","away"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scram","formality":"informal"},{"word":"get out","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"begone","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"6a569951-cdab-4fe8-a166-2ca0417e7086","word":"shoot","definition":"To fire a projectile from a weapon or to cause a projectile to be driven forward.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceotan","root_meaning":"to shoot, throw, push, send forth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shoot","meaning":"to fire a projectile","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceotan","meaning":"to shoot, push, send forth","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skeud-","meaning":"to shoot, throw","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*skeud-","meaning":"to throw, shoot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shot","shooter","shooting","upshoot","outshoot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discharge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"launch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"c2548aa8-5765-4bcf-8e74-ac32692faf9a","word":"shooter","definition":"A person or thing that shoots, or a single shot.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceotan","root_meaning":"to shoot, to hurl, to rush","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shooter","meaning":"A person or thing that shoots","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shoot","meaning":"to shoot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceotan","meaning":"to shoot, to hurl","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shoot","shot","shooting","marksman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marksman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gunner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"d84721f1-fbfa-4505-858e-84377ecef51b","word":"shop","definition":"A building or room where goods are sold; to visit shops to purchase items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schoppe","root_meaning":"booth or stall","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shop","meaning":"a place where goods are sold","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"shop","meaning":"a booth or stall","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"schoppe","meaning":"booth, stall","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shopping","shopper","shopkeeper","workshop","shoplifter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retail establishment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boutique","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.215Z"}
{"id":"d0861966-1773-45b3-9f3e-20d11afeeaaa","word":"shoplift","definition":"To steal merchandise from a shop and leave with it concealed on one’s person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"shop + lift","root_meaning":"to take goods from a shop and carry them off","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shoplift","meaning":"to steal merchandise from a shop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shop","meaning":"a small store or stall","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lift","meaning":"to take up or carry off","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shoplifting","shoplifter","shoplifted","shoplifts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pilfer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nick","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"9d0368c2-c813-4e26-bde8-5816f654bbf1","word":"shopping","definition":"The activity of purchasing goods and merchandise from stores.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"shop","root_meaning":"a booth or stall","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shopping","meaning":"purchasing activity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shop","meaning":"a store or booth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"schoppe","meaning":"booth, stall","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shop","shopper","shops","shop-worn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purchasing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"retail therapy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"buying","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.420Z"}
{"id":"21e121c2-bfc5-42b8-b7cc-d1f9dccfbacf","word":"shops","definition":"Plural of shop; retail establishments where goods are sold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"shoppe","root_meaning":"booth, stall","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shops","meaning":"plural of shop, retail stores","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shops","meaning":"plural of shop","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shoppe","meaning":"booth, stall, merchant's stand","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"shop","meaning":"booth, cabin, stall","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shop","shopping","shopkeeper","shoppers","workshop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stores","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"establishments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"boutiques","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.367Z"}
{"id":"985a30fb-0bac-4b1c-8bb2-241326c79cf2","word":"shore","definition":"The land along the edge of a sea, lake, broad river, or other large body of water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schore","root_meaning":"bank, coast","root_language":"Middle Low German or Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shore","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"schore","meaning":"bank, coast","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German/Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beach","coastline","seashore","shoring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"e50d6fad-cf44-4d4d-b1bc-0f18459db5ab","word":"short","definition":"Having little length or duration; not long.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceort","root_meaning":"short, brief","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"short","meaning":"having little length","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceort","meaning":"short, brief","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shorten","shortly","shortage","shortcut"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brief","formality":"formal"},{"word":"small","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminutive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"4bd261e6-7e97-4491-9e19-6dec3b84ac9e","word":"shortage","definition":"A shortage is a state of having too little of something needed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceort","root_meaning":"short; lacking","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shortage","meaning":"a state of having too little of something needed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"short","meaning":"not long; lacking in length or amount","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceort","meaning":"short","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skurtaz","meaning":"short","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-age","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"-age","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["short","shorten","shortness","shortfall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scarcity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deficit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"5dac1e67-63ed-4d0a-ba12-dc50cd850847","word":"shortcut","definition":"A more direct route than the one ordinarily taken, or a quicker method of achieving something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scort","root_meaning":"short","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shortcut","meaning":"direct route","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"short","meaning":"of small length","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cut","meaning":"to divide with a sharp implement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["short","cut","shorten","cutting","shortcake","circuit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bypass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct route","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expedient","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"fce5559c-a716-491d-bb52-43a510ba32c7","word":"shortly","definition":"In a short time; soon.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceort","root_meaning":"short","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shortly","meaning":"soon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shortly","meaning":"in a short way or time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"short","meaning":"short","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["short","shorten","shortage","shirt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anon","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"momentarily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"8f158bd9-7b79-4141-9389-5c24782e86ff","word":"shot","definition":"A fired projectile from a gun or the act of firing a weapon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceottan","root_meaning":"to shoot, to hurl","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shot","meaning":"projectile or act of shooting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shoot","meaning":"to hurl, discharge","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"sceottan","meaning":"to shoot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shoot","shooter","shotgun","shot-put"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bullet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"projectile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"discharge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"467630b2-97fb-4faa-899b-24f19a414c55","word":"shotgun","definition":"A smoothbore firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"shot, gun","root_meaning":"projectile, cannon","root_language":"Old English, Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100, 1200s","proto_root":"*skeud-, *gund","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shotgun","meaning":"type of firearm","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"shot","meaning":"projectile","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceot","meaning":"a shooting, a dart","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"gun","meaning":"cannon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"gonne","meaning":"cannon","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shoot","dart","cannon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fowling piece","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"blunderbuss","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"scattergun","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"d28f5cdf-b207-4e57-8ed3-dd622384a541","word":"should","definition":"Expressing obligation, duty, or conditional possibility; ought to.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sceolde","root_meaning":"owed, was obligated","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"should","meaning":"ought to, obligation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceolde","meaning":"owed, was obligated","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*skel-","meaning":"to owe, be obligated","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shall","shoulder","shouldering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ought","formality":"formal"},{"word":"must","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"would","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"206f5ccf-611b-49d9-9316-2777c49e077f","word":"shoulder","definition":"The joint connecting the arm or foreleg to the trunk of the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sculdor","root_meaning":"shoulder","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skoldʰro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shoulder","meaning":"The joint connecting the arm or foreleg to the trunk of the body.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sculdor","meaning":"shoulder","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*skuldra","meaning":"shoulder","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*skoldʰro-","meaning":"that which supports","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shouldered","shouldering","shoulders","unshoulder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upper arm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humerus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"blade","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"ab641ba6-9ef9-43b8-9307-8bcaad77c1c9","word":"shout","definition":"To utter a loud cry, typically as an expression of a strong emotion or to summon attention.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skúta","root_meaning":"to shout, to jeer","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shout","meaning":"to utter a loud cry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skúta","meaning":"to shout, to jeer","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shouting","shouted","shout-out","shoot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cry out","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holler","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bellow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"9ad27976-4d7a-4e49-8f3f-cdec47f2a423","word":"shove","definition":"Push (someone or something) roughly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scūfan","root_meaning":"to push, shove, thrust","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shove","meaning":"to push roughly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shouven","meaning":"to push, shove","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scūfan","meaning":"to push, shove, thrust","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skeuban","meaning":"to push, shove","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*skeubh-","meaning":"to shove, push, thrust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shuffle","scoop","shove off","shoving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"push","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thrust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"elbow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"ea60954b-dc61-4a2f-adf7-a5d8d5e8174f","word":"shovel","definition":"A tool with a broad scoop or blade and a handle, used for digging, lifting, and moving loose material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scofl","root_meaning":"shovel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shovel","meaning":"digging tool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scofl","meaning":"shovel","children":[{"era":"pre-400","word":"*skufli-","meaning":"shovel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["scoop","shove","shelf","skiff"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scoop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"44eb0cea-86ab-4aba-b344-c3630a59a164","word":"show","definition":"To display, reveal, or make something visible.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sceawian","root_meaning":"to look at, see, view","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skawwa-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"show","meaning":"to display or reveal","children":[{"era":"1100-1200","word":"schewen","meaning":"to show, display","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceawian","meaning":"to look at, see, view","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"skawwa-","meaning":"to look, see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shown","showing","shows","showman","showcase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"display","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reveal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demonstrate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"583b250d-d10d-43f4-b3fb-4807472a305d","word":"showcase","definition":"A setting or situation in which something's best qualities are displayed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"show","root_meaning":"to look at, see, examine","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"showcase","meaning":"A display case for goods; a situation that displays best qualities.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"show","meaning":"to look at, see, examine","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"case","meaning":"box, case","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capsa","meaning":"box, case","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["show","case","showing","casing","showman","casement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhibit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presentation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demonstration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"1b1583a5-3de9-418d-a91e-b258189e53b8","word":"showdown","definition":"A final confrontation or decisive contest in which the outcome is settled.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"showdown","meaning":"final confrontation or decisive contest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"show","meaning":"to make visible; to display","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceawian","meaning":"to look at, see, inspect","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"downward, below","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dūn","meaning":"hill, slope","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["show","showy","showing","down","downward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"face-off","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"final confrontation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"decider","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"2986427b-b491-473c-a427-db3bce4f2c26","word":"shower","definition":"A brief fall of rain or snow, or a device that sprays water for washing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scur","root_meaning":"shower of rain, downpour","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeura-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shower","meaning":"fall of rain or spray device","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scur","meaning":"shower of rain","children":[{"era":"pre-400","word":"*skeura-","meaning":"shower","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["showery","scour","sheer","shroud"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"downpour","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"32edccc6-4872-4ade-80e2-4199b50a21a0","word":"showing","definition":"The act of displaying or exhibiting something; a presentation or appearance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"show","root_meaning":"to display, to exhibit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"showing","meaning":"act of displaying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"show","meaning":"to display, to exhibit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceawian","meaning":"to look at, to see","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["show","showed","shown","shower","showy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhibition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demonstration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presentation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"353874ba-35de-4d25-bada-106ab4bc29bd","word":"shown","definition":"Past participle of show; made visible or demonstrated.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceawian","root_meaning":"to see, look","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeuh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shown","meaning":"made visible or demonstrated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"show","meaning":"to look at, display","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceawian","meaning":"to see, look, view","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"skeuh-","meaning":"to notice, observe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["show","showing","showcase","display"],"synonyms":[{"word":"displayed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demonstrated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exhibited","formality":"formal"},{"word":"revealed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"18b72a90-7164-437b-8a23-f6f613d8d706","word":"shows","definition":"Plural of show; public performances or exhibitions, or third-person singular verb meaning to display or demonstrate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceawian","root_meaning":"to look at, behold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shows","meaning":"public performances or to display","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"show","meaning":"to display or exhibit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceawian","meaning":"to look at, behold","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shower","shown","showing","showcase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"performances","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"displays","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhibitions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"demonstrates","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"dc2c2f46-ed4b-4e44-a9c8-9f072d76838e","word":"showtime","definition":"The scheduled time for a theatrical or cinematic performance to begin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceawian, tima","root_meaning":"look at, observe; duration","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skauwanan, *tīmō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"showtime","meaning":"The scheduled time for a theatrical or cinematic performance to begin.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"show","meaning":"display, exhibit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceawian","meaning":"to look at, observe","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"time","meaning":"duration","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tima","meaning":"time, appointed time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["showcase","showing","timetable","meantime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"curtain time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"start","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"c5f740ee-693f-4369-bb02-51521550fe5f","word":"shrapnel","definition":"Fragments, especially metal pieces, thrown off by an explosion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shrapnel","meaning":"fragments thrown off by an explosion","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Shrapnel","meaning":"the surname of Henry Shrapnel, the artillery inventor","children":[],"language":"English surname"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fragment","debris","splinter","shrapnel wound","shrapnel shell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"debris","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splinters","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"6bae73d2-6329-4b25-8222-7eb1f24ae501","word":"shred","definition":"A small strip or fragment torn or cut from something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"screade","root_meaning":"piece cut off; scrap","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shred","meaning":"a small strip or fragment torn or cut from something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shrede","meaning":"scrap; fragment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"screade","meaning":"piece cut off; scrap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skraudōn-","meaning":"a cutting; shred","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sker-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shredder","shredded","shredding","screed","scroll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fragment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"95e3921e-81c6-425d-a3c6-0c7ee4f00674","word":"shredder","definition":"A machine or device for shredding something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scrēadian","root_meaning":"to cut, to prune","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skreit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shredder","meaning":"A machine or device for shredding...","children":[{"era":"current","word":"shred","meaning":"a strip, small piece","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"scread","meaning":"a piece cut off","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scrēadian","meaning":"to cut, prune","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skraudan","meaning":"to cut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skreit-","meaning":"to cut, split","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shred","paper","document","cut","shredded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pulverizer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disintegrator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"0688109b-3092-46d0-a4c6-dd5d02dca90e","word":"shriek","definition":"Utter a high-pitched piercing sound or cry.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schriken","root_meaning":"to shriek, scream","root_language":"Middle English / Old Norse","root_era":"1200s-1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shriek","meaning":"to utter a piercing cry","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"schriken","meaning":"to shriek","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"skríkja","meaning":"to shriek","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["screech","scream","shrieky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"howl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"e6a9bfb1-9e1c-40c9-b0d7-e8d0d8a51e7e","word":"shrimp","definition":"A small, elongated, swimming crustacean with a shell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":"*skrimp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shrimp","meaning":"A small, elongated, swimming crustacean.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"shrimpe","meaning":"slender person, prawn","children":[{"era":null,"word":"schrempen","meaning":"to wrinkle, shrivel","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*skrimp-","meaning":"to shrink, shrivel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shrivel","shrink","scrimp","shrimper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crustacean","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"7ecc98bd-3273-4d0e-9735-980b950522df","word":"shrink","definition":"An informal term for a psychiatrist or psychotherapist.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scrincan","root_meaning":"to contract, draw together, shrivel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skrengh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shrink","meaning":"psychotherapist","children":[{"era":"current","word":"shrink","meaning":"to become smaller (verb)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scrincan","meaning":"to contract, shrivel","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skrengh-","meaning":"to wrinkle, shrink","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shrivel","cringe","crankle","shrank"],"synonyms":[{"word":"therapist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psychiatrist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"analyst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psychotherapist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"b0150616-731b-498a-bf9a-4d71b569e939","word":"shuffle","definition":"Shuffle means to move, rearrange, or drag with short irregular motions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scūfan","root_meaning":"to shove, thrust, push","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shuffle","meaning":"to move, rearrange, or drag with short irregular motions","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shove","meaning":"to push or thrust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scūfan","meaning":"to push, thrust","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shuffled","shuffling","shuffler","shove","scuffle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mix","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rearrange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drag","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"d490ce75-e60b-4df2-939d-8d38df20ecdd","word":"shun","definition":"Shun means to deliberately avoid or keep away from someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scunian","root_meaning":"to avoid, fear, or shrink from","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shun","meaning":"to deliberately avoid or keep away from someone or something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scunian","meaning":"to avoid, fear, or shrink from","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shunned","shunning","shunner","shunnable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"avoid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eschew","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sidestep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"e75b661b-f575-4bb1-b6a8-6b528ba3db7a","word":"shush","definition":"To urge someone to be quiet by saying \"shush\" or making a similar sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"shush","root_meaning":"imitative sound for quiet","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shush","meaning":"to make quiet","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"shush","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hush","whisht","shoo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"silence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hush","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"4dfb0074-ebe4-4ec3-a7e9-245466d3d08f","word":"shut","definition":"To close (something) by bringing its parts together.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scyttan","root_meaning":"to shut, lock up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skuttijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shut","meaning":"To close","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shut","meaning":"to close","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scyttan","meaning":"to shut, lock up","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shutter","shutout","shut-down"],"synonyms":[{"word":"close","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"29f646b1-3ea8-4b41-82cb-83a705523fc4","word":"shutter","definition":"A movable cover or screen for a window, or a device that opens and closes to expose a camera's film or sensor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"scyttan","root_meaning":"to close, shut","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shutter","meaning":"window/camera cover","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"shutter","meaning":"one who shuts; cover for a window","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"shut","meaning":"to close","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scyttan","meaning":"to close, shut","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shut","closing","shutterbug","unshot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"7021696a-5259-4b78-85d7-f8c39a0a6381","word":"shy","definition":"Nervous or timid in the company of other people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sceoh","root_meaning":"timid, fearful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skeuh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"shy","meaning":"nervous or timid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sceoh","meaning":"timid, fearful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skeuhaz","meaning":"timid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shyness","shyly","skittish","shirk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diffident","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bashful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reserved","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"319e0d52-af3d-4f93-888a-db9bb6bfe869","word":"sibling","definition":"Each of two or more children having one or both parents in common; a brother or sister.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sib","root_meaning":"kin, related","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sibling","meaning":"brother or sister","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sibling","meaning":"relative, kinsman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sib","meaning":"kin, related","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kinship","sib","related"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kin","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"b71eefd6-2573-49e9-ba8f-bfa6a0ba2e29","word":"sick","definition":"Suffering from an illness or disease; feeling unwell.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seoc","root_meaning":"ill, diseased, weak","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seukaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sick","meaning":"unwell","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sik","meaning":"ill, diseased","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"seoc","meaning":"ill, diseased","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*seukaz","meaning":"sick","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sicken","sickness","unsick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unwell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ailing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"f3d3b464-2f08-4838-b1c5-fb19b9888434","word":"sickness","definition":"The state of being ill or unwell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sick","root_meaning":"ill, unwell","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sickness","meaning":"The state of being ill or unwell.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sickness","meaning":"illness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sic","meaning":"ill, diseased","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*seukaz","meaning":"sick","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sick","sickening","sickly","sickbed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"illness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"malaise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"39e59a60-241b-456d-a6cd-65a65f9cc6bd","word":"side","definition":"A surface of an object or the left or right part of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sīde","root_meaning":"side, flank","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"side","meaning":"one surface or lateral part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"side, flank, shore","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*sīdǭ","meaning":"side, broad surface","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit, settle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sideways","alongside","sideline","beside","outside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surface","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flank","formality":"formal"},{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"face","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"406f9695-6d0a-4789-95bc-fc08f0fe1c0e","word":"sideways","definition":"Toward or to one side; laterally.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"side","root_meaning":"side, flank","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sideways","meaning":"toward or to one side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"flank or edge","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ways","meaning":"in the manner of","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["side","sidewise","sideward","sidelong"],"synonyms":[{"word":"laterally","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sidewise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sideward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"5ca290e0-ffa0-4077-83a3-f9d1d2022236","word":"sierra","definition":"A long, jagged mountain range.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sierra","language_family":"latin","root":"serra","root_meaning":"saw","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sker-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sierra","meaning":"jagged mountain range","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sierra","meaning":"saw; mountain range","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"serra","meaning":"saw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serrated","saw","serra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mountains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"51f87185-08d7-45ca-b508-2185f8cd0c47","word":"sigh","definition":"To emit a long, deep, audible breath expressing sadness, relief, tiredness, or similar feelings.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sican","root_meaning":"to sigh, lament","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sigh","meaning":"to emit a long, deep, audible breath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sican","meaning":"to sigh, lament","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sighed","sighing","insight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gasp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"bbf13f9a-d455-4331-af19-56f5c3fcfdf3","word":"sight","definition":"The faculty or power of seeing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gesiht","root_meaning":"faculty of seeing, thing seen","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seh₁gʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sight","meaning":"The faculty or power of seeing","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"siht","meaning":"power of seeing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gesiht","meaning":"faculty of seeing, thing seen","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*seh₁gʰ-","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["see","insight","eyesight","oversight","sighting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"view","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perception","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"f02fa855-1c16-4a7b-ad97-86d50e0fece1","word":"sighting","definition":"A sighting is an instance of seeing or spotting someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sight","root_meaning":"the act or power of seeing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sighting","meaning":"an instance of seeing or spotting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sight","meaning":"the act or power of seeing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"see","meaning":"to perceive with the eyes","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sight","sighted","eyesight","foresight","insight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spotting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detection","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"78f0c017-3c04-4635-b2de-76502b928893","word":"sigma","definition":"The eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (Σ, σ, ς).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"sigma","root_meaning":"sigma","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sigma","meaning":"Greek letter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sigma","meaning":"letter sigma","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sigmoid","stigmatize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"letter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"character","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"2d9e6ff0-481f-4867-8011-31babfdc91d2","word":"sign","definition":"A mark, symbol, or gesture used to convey information or meaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"signo","language_family":"latin","root":"signum","root_meaning":"mark, seal, token","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sign","meaning":"mark, symbol, or gesture","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"signe","meaning":"mark, sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"mark, seal, token","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["signal","signature","design","assign","signet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"symbol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.994Z"}
{"id":"bdbb36d0-33fc-4edc-b833-9a1ef68f0e67","word":"signal","definition":"A sign or gesture used to convey information or instruction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"señal","language_family":"latin","root":"signum","root_meaning":"sign or mark","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"signal","meaning":"a sign or indication","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"signal","meaning":"sign, mark","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"sign, mark, seal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["signaling","signals","signaler","signature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indication","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gesture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"98e68142-408f-478d-83e7-593a23868aad","word":"signature","definition":"A person's name written in their own distinctive way, or a distinguishing characteristic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"firma","language_family":"latin","root":"signare","root_meaning":"to mark, sign, seal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"signature","meaning":"distinctive mark or name","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"signature","meaning":"a sign or mark","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signare","meaning":"to mark, sign, seal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"sign, mark, seal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sign","signal","signet","sign-off","unsigned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"autograph","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"characteristic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hallmark","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.553Z"}
{"id":"2da44c4d-9aae-4a3e-9d7e-b8003242decf","word":"signed","definition":"Wrote one's name on a document; made or marked with a sign or gesture.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"firmado","language_family":"latin","root":"signum","root_meaning":"mark, sign, token","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"signed","meaning":"marked with a name or sign","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sign","meaning":"mark, token, gesture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"mark, sign, token","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sign","signature","signal","design","designate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"autographed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endorsed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"marked","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"7a4edeb5-fd7c-4e19-abc6-125c4bfade96","word":"significance","definition":"The quality of being worthy of attention; importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"significación","language_family":"latin","root":"significare","root_meaning":"to make a sign, show, mean, indicate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"significance","meaning":"importance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"signification","meaning":"meaning, import","children":[{"era":"200-600 AD","word":"significantia","meaning":"meaning, importance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"significans","meaning":"significant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"significare","meaning":"to make a sign, show, mean","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"sign, mark","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["signify","significant","assign","design","signal","signature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"importance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meaning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consequence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"c91a62b6-c85a-4602-95ae-b2873dd43bf8","word":"significant","definition":"Important in effect or meaning; sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"significante","language_family":"latin","root":"significans","root_meaning":"making known, expressing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"significant","meaning":"important or meaningful","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"significant","meaning":"expressing meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"significans","meaning":"making known","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["significance","signify","insignificant","significantly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"important","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"substantial","formality":"formal"},{"word":"meaningful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"considerable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"e1f55b42-df42-4ee7-b18d-cc4b003c8a36","word":"signor","definition":"A conventional Italian title of respect equivalent to \"Mr.\" or \"sir.\"","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"señor","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin senior","root_meaning":"older; elder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"signor","meaning":"A conventional Italian title of respect equivalent to \"Mr.\" or \"sir.\"","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"signore","meaning":"sir; gentleman; lord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senior","meaning":"older; elder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sen-","meaning":"old; elder","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["senior","señor","señora","signora","seigneur"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentleman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"ffd3dec0-14c9-428c-9499-49f75701d36a","word":"signs","definition":"Marks, symbols, or indications that convey information or meaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"signos","language_family":"latin","root":"signum","root_meaning":"mark, token, sign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"signs","meaning":"marks or symbols","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sign","meaning":"mark or indication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"signum","meaning":"mark, token","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["signal","signature","significant","designate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"symbols","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indicators","formality":"formal"},{"word":"marks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"omens","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"248c0e15-795a-4578-8af4-ccc6d31134fe","word":"silence","definition":"Complete absence of sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"silencio","language_family":"latin","root":"silentium","root_meaning":"a being silent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sīlere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"silence","meaning":"absence of sound","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"silence","meaning":"silence, quiet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"silentium","meaning":"a being silent (from silens, present participle of silere 'to be silent')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["silent","tacit","reticent","still","lull"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stillness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"dc8b98d7-087e-4f21-8063-8e50cd41922e","word":"silent","definition":"Not speaking or making any sound.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"silencioso","language_family":"latin","root":"silere","root_meaning":"to be silent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"silent","meaning":"Not speaking or making any sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"silent","meaning":"silent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"silens","meaning":"being silent","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["silence","reticent","quiescent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"still","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speechless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"1260dd8d-1517-49ea-b2ab-2e89b225655b","word":"silicon","definition":"The chemical element of atomic number 14, a non-metal with semiconducting properties.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"silicio","language_family":"latin","root":"silex, silicis","root_meaning":"flint","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"silicon","meaning":"The chemical element of atomic number 14.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"silex","meaning":"flint","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["silica","silicate","silicone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"element 14","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Si","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"bd10f434-5faf-4057-a782-1df0cc70daeb","word":"silly","definition":"Based on or revealing a lack of good sense or judgment; foolish.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sælig","root_meaning":"happy, blessed, prosperous","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sēli-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"silly","meaning":"Based on or revealing a lack of good sense or judgment; foolish.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sely","meaning":"blessed, innocent, pitiful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sælig","meaning":"happy, blessed, prosperous","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sēli-","meaning":"happy, good","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["serendipity","luck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foolish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absurd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ridiculous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"goofy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"f3ddd75c-3144-4874-8a42-034fc487a302","word":"silva","definition":"A forest or the trees of a particular area, especially in forestry usage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"selva","language_family":"latin","root":"silva","root_meaning":"forest, woodland","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"silva","meaning":"a forest or the trees of a particular area","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"silva","meaning":"forest, woodland","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["silvan","silviculture","silvics","sylvan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woodland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woods","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"232cc606-05ee-4ecd-98c0-134e00104a43","word":"silver","definition":"A precious metallic element of lustrous white color, used in jewelry and as a monetary standard.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"plata","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English seolfor","root_meaning":"silver","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sel- (gray)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Silver","meaning":"precious white metal","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"seolfor","meaning":"silver","children":[{"era":"1 CE","word":"silubr","meaning":"silver","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["silversmith","silvery","silvering","silverware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Ag","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"17463a6e-fa61-4e21-a9bd-cb010ae6a60e","word":"similar","definition":"Resembling or comparable to something else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"similar","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin similis","root_meaning":"like, resembling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"similar","meaning":"resembling or comparable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"similar","meaning":"like, resembling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"similis","meaning":"like, resembling","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["similarity","similarly","dissimilar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comparable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"akin","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"e7141987-630d-4a6c-becd-c51bcf2238ae","word":"similarity","definition":"The quality or state of being similar; likeness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"similitud","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin similis","root_meaning":"like; alike","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"similarity","meaning":"the quality of being alike","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"similar","meaning":"like; resembling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"similis","meaning":"like; alike","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ity","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-itas","meaning":"state or quality","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["similar","similarly","dissimilarity","simile","similitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"likeness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resemblance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"analogy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"1376690d-4b38-44e5-be2e-63c2113c340a","word":"simple","definition":"Easy to understand or do; uncomplicated or unadorned.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"simple","language_family":"latin","root":"simplex","root_meaning":"single or uncompounded","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"simple","meaning":"uncomplicated","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"simple","meaning":"plain or unadorned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simplex","meaning":"single or uncompounded","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one or together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["simply","simplify","simplistic","simpleton"],"synonyms":[{"word":"easy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncomplicated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"straightforward","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"d1bca710-5789-44be-a59a-df5f273d4ee1","word":"simplicity","definition":"Simplicity means the quality of being simple, plain, or uncomplicated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"simplicidad","language_family":"latin","root":"simplex","root_meaning":"single; onefold; simple","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"simplicity","meaning":"plainness; lack of complexity","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"simplicity","meaning":"plainness; innocence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"simplicité","meaning":"simplicity; plainness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simplicitās","meaning":"simple state; plainness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simplex","meaning":"simple; single; unmixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["simple","simplify","simplistic","simpleness","simplex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plainness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"straightforwardness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artlessness","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"3cda7b5a-9817-42a0-9c91-a651147572c8","word":"simplify","definition":"To make something easier to understand or do; to make less complex.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"simplificar","language_family":"latin","root":"simplificare","root_meaning":"to make simple","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"simplify","meaning":"to make simple","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"simplificare","meaning":"to make simple","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simplex","meaning":"simple, single","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["simple","simplicity","complex","duplicity","replica"],"synonyms":[{"word":"streamline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clarify","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"25f6926b-3c63-44d8-a5f9-bfdac839c0c1","word":"simply","definition":"In a simple manner; merely or just.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"simplemente","language_family":"latin","root":"simplus","root_meaning":"single, plain, simple","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"simply","meaning":"in a simple manner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"simple","meaning":"single, plain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simplus","meaning":"single, plain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["simple","simplify","simplistic","simplicity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"just","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"only","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"16bf29bf-bae2-44c2-94af-3670a999dd01","word":"simulation","definition":"The imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"simulación","language_family":"latin","root":"simulatio","root_meaning":"a feigning, a pretense","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"simulation","meaning":"The imitation of a process or system.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simulatio","meaning":"a feigning, a pretense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simulare","meaning":"to copy, imitate, feign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"similis","meaning":"like, resembling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one, as one, together with","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["simulate","similar","simultaneous","assemble","facsimile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imitation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"model","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replica","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reproduction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"27dfb7f3-c6e1-4f4d-83a9-fe45695eaebc","word":"simultaneously","definition":"At the same time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"simultáneamente","language_family":"latin","root":"simul","root_meaning":"at the same time","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"simultaneously","meaning":"At the same time.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"simultaneous","meaning":"occurring at the same time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"simul","meaning":"at the same time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["simultaneous","simultaneity","simple","single","similar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concurrently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"together","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at once","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"0d4fd7c2-7499-490f-bda1-39c602b2e054","word":"sin","definition":"An immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"synn","root_meaning":"offence, guilt, wrongdoing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sunjō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sin","meaning":"An immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sinne","meaning":"offence, guilt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"synn","meaning":"offence, guilt, wrongdoing","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sunjō","meaning":"guilt, sin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sinner","sinful","unsinned","sinfulness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transgression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"misdeed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wickedness","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"484548f2-99cf-4bce-ac1b-9b12de90c86a","word":"since","definition":"From a time in the past until now; also meaning because or as.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sithence","root_meaning":"after that","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"since","meaning":"from a time in the past until now","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"since","meaning":"from that time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sithence","meaning":"after that, afterwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sithence","sincere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"from","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"because","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"as","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inasmuch as","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.215Z"}
{"id":"d46c7d9e-4b82-4556-a97d-a665712a7367","word":"sincere","definition":"Free from pretense or deceit; honest.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sincero","language_family":"latin","root":"sincerus","root_meaning":"clean, pure, sound, genuine, unadulterated","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sincere","meaning":"honest","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"sincere","meaning":"sincere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sincerus","meaning":"clean, pure, genuine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sincerity","sincerely","unsincere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genuine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earnest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frank","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"1c97183d-694f-4ac2-a92e-6544487a9301","word":"sincerity","definition":"The quality of being genuine, honest, and free from pretense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sinceridad","language_family":"latin","root":"sincerus","root_meaning":"clean, pure, unmixed; genuine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sincerity","meaning":"genuineness and honesty","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sincerity","meaning":"genuineness, honesty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sinceritas","meaning":"soundness, purity, honesty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sincerus","meaning":"pure, clean, genuine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sincere","sincerely","sincerer","sincere-minded","insincere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honesty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genuineness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"candor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"e2733cda-b225-4673-9c40-d0c8d45e438e","word":"sinclair","definition":"A Scottish surname, originally a place name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Saint Clair","root_meaning":"Saint Clare (place name)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Sinclair","meaning":"Scottish surname","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Saint Clair","meaning":"place name 'Saint Clare'","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Saint","Clare","Normandy","surname","family name"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"a62151d8-e09b-4f96-8d3e-64bdeaa4426f","word":"sinful","definition":"Characterized by sin or moral wrongdoing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"synn","root_meaning":"sin, offense","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sinful","meaning":"characterized by sin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sin","meaning":"moral offense, sin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"synn","meaning":"sin, offense","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of, characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sin","sinner","sinless","sinfulness","sins"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wicked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immoral","formality":"formal"},{"word":"iniquitous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"7823e45d-a7b9-4b40-83dc-c0f2b8184f2f","word":"sing","definition":"To produce musical sounds with the voice.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"singan","root_meaning":"to sing, to chant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*singwaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sing","meaning":"to produce musical sounds with the voice","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"singan","meaning":"to sing, to chant","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*singwaną","meaning":"to sing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["song","singer","chant","hymn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vocalize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"croon","formality":"informal"},{"word":"warble","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"56ba61b2-1ecf-43ee-a2a9-490e32b81ee9","word":"singapore","definition":"a city-state and island nation in Southeast Asia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Singapura","root_meaning":"Lion City","root_language":"Malay/Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Singapore","meaning":"city-state in Southeast Asia","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Singapura","meaning":"Lion City","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Singa","meaning":"lion","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit/Malay"},{"era":"classical","word":"Pura","meaning":"city","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit/Malay"}],"language":"Malay"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Singaporean","Singapuran"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Lion City","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Temasek","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.955Z"}
{"id":"65e45b05-4d52-43f2-8ae2-932470ff5bbd","word":"singer","definition":"A person who sings, especially professionally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"singan","root_meaning":"to sing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sengʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"singer","meaning":"one who sings","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"sing","meaning":"to sing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"singan","meaning":"to sing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["song","sung","chant","canticle","canto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vocalist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chorister","formality":"formal"},{"word":"minstrel","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"crooner","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"50773c8a-103a-4548-b5b8-b3c8e4143e8b","word":"single","definition":"Only one; not accompanied by others; unmarried.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"singular","language_family":"latin","root":"singulus","root_meaning":"alone, single, one by one","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"single","meaning":"only one, unmarried","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"single","meaning":"alone, sole, unmarried","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"singulus","meaning":"alone, single, individual","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["singly","singular","singleton","singlet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sole","formality":"formal"},{"word":"one","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unmarried","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.972Z"}
{"id":"d359e751-b5c5-4304-8160-895be4436517","word":"singles","definition":"Individual items or people, or a romantic relationship status involving one person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"solteros","language_family":"latin","root":"single","root_meaning":"one or alone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seneg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"singles","meaning":"individual items or unmarried people","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"single","meaning":"one or alone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"single","meaning":"one, alone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"singulus","meaning":"alone, individual","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["single","singleton","singlet","singularity","singly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"individuals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unmarried people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solitary items","formality":"formal"},{"word":"one-offs","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.560Z"}
{"id":"69f641c6-f420-42b9-b1ad-c6b8ef4e37a2","word":"singular","definition":"Remarkably exceptional or unique; in grammar, denoting one person or thing.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"singular","language_family":"latin","root":"singularis","root_meaning":"alone of its kind, single","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"singular","meaning":"unique; grammatically denoting one","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"singuler","meaning":"single, alone, individual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"singularis","meaning":"alone of its kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"singulus","meaning":"individual, single","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one, as one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["single","singularity","singularly","singularize","singularism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unique","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remarkable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"db855cdf-58f0-4e83-9a3e-16c20a5ab5f8","word":"sinister","definition":"Giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen; threatening evil.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"siniestro","language_family":"latin","root":"sinister","root_meaning":"left, on the left side (considered unlucky)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sinister","meaning":"threatening evil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sinister","meaning":"left, unlucky","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sinistral","ambisinistrous","dexterity","left"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ominous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"menacing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threatening","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"36d5a976-8791-43ab-9815-535811880a30","word":"sink","definition":"To go down below the surface of something, especially water, gradually.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sincan","root_meaning":"to sink, fall, drop","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sengʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sink","meaning":"go down below the surface","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sincan","meaning":"to sink, fall, drop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sengʷan","meaning":"to sink","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sengʷ-","meaning":"to sink, fall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sank","sunk","drench","found"],"synonyms":[{"word":"descend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"submerge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"aba82500-2dc4-424e-9268-bd029324d2e0","word":"sinner","definition":"A person who commits sin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"synn","root_meaning":"transgression, offense, sin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sundjō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sinner","meaning":"A person who commits sin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sin","meaning":"sin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"synn","meaning":"transgression, offense, sin","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sin","sinful","sinless","sining"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transgressor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wrongdoer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"offender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"28c8d063-bcf6-474e-8a26-b6851a9005e6","word":"sip","definition":"To drink (something) by taking small mouthfuls.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sippen","root_meaning":"to drink, to taste","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*seup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sip","meaning":"drink in small quantities","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sippen","meaning":"to drink","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sūpan","meaning":"to sup, drink","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sup","supper","soup","soporific"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taste","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sample","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partake","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"8930633e-20c3-4ea8-8a70-bb70c38e1ef0","word":"sir","definition":"A polite form of address for a man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"señor","language_family":"french","root":"sire","root_meaning":"father, lord","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*senh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sir","meaning":"A polite form of address for a man.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sire","meaning":"father, lord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senior","meaning":"older, elder","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*senh₂-","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sire","senior","madam","esquire"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentleman","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lord","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"3626695d-278c-4b17-99de-4b94fe29ef21","word":"sire","definition":"The male parent of an animal; a respectful term of address for a king or lord.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"señor","language_family":"french","root":"senior","root_meaning":"elder, older","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sire","meaning":"male parent, lord","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sire","meaning":"lord, father","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senior","meaning":"elder, older","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sen-","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sir","senior","seigneur","madam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"father","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lord","formality":"formal"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liege","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"9c79fc56-1140-495a-beb7-c1a5c7b9b0cc","word":"siren","definition":"A mythological creature, often depicted as a half-bird, half-woman, who lured sailors to their destruction with enchanting song.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Sirena","language_family":"greek","root":"Σειρήν (Seirēn)","root_meaning":"siren (the creature)","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"siren","meaning":"mythological creature, warning device","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sirène","meaning":"siren","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sīrēn","meaning":"siren","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Σειρήν (Seirēn)","meaning":"siren","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sirenic","sirenia","syren"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enchantress","formality":"literary"},{"word":"temptress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"11f446d5-6b2f-4108-9e0c-e926831abe1d","word":"sissy","definition":"A timid, cowardly, or effeminate boy or man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sister","root_meaning":"female sibling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swesōr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sissy","meaning":"timid or effeminate person","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"sis","meaning":"diminutive of sister","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sister","meaning":"female sibling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swuster","meaning":"sister","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*swesōr","meaning":"sister","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*swésōr","meaning":"sister","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sister","sis","sibling","sorority"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weakling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effeminate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"milksop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"ffb847e1-e9e6-44e7-a3c7-41cd396381f6","word":"sister","definition":"A female person who shares the same parents as another person, or a female member of a religious community.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"hermana","language_family":"germanic","root":"swestr","root_meaning":"sister","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sister","meaning":"female sibling","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sister","meaning":"sister, female sibling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swestr","meaning":"sister","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*swe-","meaning":"own, self","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sisterly","sisterhood","stepsister","half-sister","sisters"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sibling","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sis","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nun","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"ea1e42f6-91e6-4a62-ad1c-1e82422699ca","word":"sit","definition":"To be in a position with weight resting on one's buttocks","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sittan","root_meaning":"to sit, remain","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sitjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sit","meaning":"to rest on a seat; to be located","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sittan","meaning":"to sit, remain, dwell","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sitjan-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sat","sitting","sitter","bedsit","babysit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"be seated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plop down","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"4e5872a7-288a-4fc2-a6ca-7aacf6a41a70","word":"site","definition":"A location or piece of land where something is situated or was situated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sitio","language_family":"latin","root":"situs","root_meaning":"position, seat, situation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"site","meaning":"a location or piece of land","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"site","meaning":"position, location","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"situs","meaning":"position, seat, situation","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["situate","situation","position","location","situs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"location","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"370d0b08-dc91-401c-bc32-60cecdf8867e","word":"sitemap","definition":"A structured list or diagram showing the organization and hierarchy of pages within a website.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"sitemap","meaning":"website structure diagram","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"site + map","meaning":"web location + chart","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"site","meaning":"location, position","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"map","meaning":"representation of area","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["site","map","website","webpage","hierarchy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"site structure","formality":"technical"},{"word":"navigation map","formality":"technical"},{"word":"web directory","formality":"technical"},{"word":"site index","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.840Z"}
{"id":"af3180e1-2623-4ff5-9188-54b4a52e6327","word":"sites","definition":"Locations or areas of land, especially those designated for a particular purpose or activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sitio","language_family":"latin","root":"situs","root_meaning":"position, location, place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sites","meaning":"locations or areas designated for a purpose","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"site","meaning":"a place or location","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"situs","meaning":"position, location","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["site","situate","situation","position"],"synonyms":[{"word":"locations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"places","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"areas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spots","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"67104bef-d91a-4a4e-89ed-b2c12206b607","word":"sitter","definition":"A sitter is a person or thing that sits, especially a model posing for a portrait or a babysitter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sit","root_meaning":"to sit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sitter","meaning":"a person or thing that sits","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sit","meaning":"to sit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sittan","meaning":"to sit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*sed-","meaning":"to sit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sit","sitting","seat","seated","sitter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"model","formality":"formal"},{"word":"babysitter","formality":"informal"},{"word":"occupant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"2f520aff-b8b9-4b8d-9d3c-a1f5b15b4c07","word":"situate","definition":"To place or locate something in a particular position or context.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"situar","language_family":"latin","root":"situs","root_meaning":"position, site","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tkey-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"situate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"situat-","meaning":"placed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"situs","meaning":"position, site, place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sinere","meaning":"to place, let, allow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin (past participle stem)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["site","situation","position","location"],"synonyms":[{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"station","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"b48938d7-a286-45b7-8421-a480fae0ccf5","word":"situation","definition":"A set of circumstances or conditions at a particular time; a state of affairs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"situación","language_family":"latin","root":"situs","root_meaning":"position, place, site","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"situation","meaning":"set of circumstances at a time","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"situation","meaning":"position, location, state of affairs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"situatio","meaning":"position, placement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"situs","meaning":"position, place, site","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["situate","situated","situational","site","position"],"synonyms":[{"word":"circumstance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"condition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"state of affairs","formality":"formal"},{"word":"predicament","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"8e8162db-06ea-453f-a3b2-9337fb37c0a1","word":"six","definition":"The number equivalent to the sum of three and three; 6.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"seis","language_family":"germanic","root":"*sekhs","root_meaning":"six","root_language":"Proto-Indo-European","root_era":"2000 BCE","proto_root":"*sekhs","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"six","meaning":"the number 6","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"six","meaning":"six","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*sekhs","meaning":"six","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sixth","sixty","sixteen","hexagon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"half-dozen","formality":"informal"},{"word":"VI","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"b47b9b14-fa46-4bff-aa19-84c8a37d5b51","word":"sixteen","definition":"The cardinal number equivalent to the sum of six and ten; one more than fifteen.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"seox","root_meaning":"six + ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seks, *tehun","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sixteen","meaning":"six + ten","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sixtene","meaning":"six + ten","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sixtiene","meaning":"six + ten","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*seks","meaning":"six","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tehun","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["six","ten","sixty","tenth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"XVI","formality":"technical"},{"word":"16","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"9d8469ec-29dc-487b-b00e-cfc0e3819a91","word":"sixth","definition":"Pertaining to the ordinal number following fifth.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sexto","language_family":"germanic","root":"sixte","root_meaning":"six + -th (ordinal suffix)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seks-tho-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sixth","meaning":"Pertaining to the ordinal number following fifth.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sixte","meaning":"sixth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["six","sixteen","sixty","sextant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sixth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"0c2510f4-ed8c-4984-8d20-68ffe4df4798","word":"sixty","definition":"The cardinal number equivalent to the product of six and ten; one more than fifty-nine.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sixtig","root_meaning":"sixty","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sehs-tigwuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sixty","meaning":"The number 60","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sixty","meaning":"sixty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sixtig","meaning":"sixty","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*sehs-tigwuz","meaning":"six tens","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["six","ten","threescore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"60","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threescore","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"17420fed-a0ca-4934-bc6f-63faf0f69042","word":"size","definition":"The physical dimensions, quantity, or extent of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"assize","root_meaning":"a regulation or ordinance","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"size","meaning":"physical dimensions","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"size","meaning":"an ordinance or standard","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"assize","meaning":"regulation, ordinance","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sized","sizing","resize","oversized","undersized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dimensions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"magnitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.215Z"}
{"id":"b9e71bb5-5c54-4559-8878-8aff882d5538","word":"skate","definition":"A boot with a blade or set of wheels attached, used for gliding over ice or a hard surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schaats","root_meaning":"skate","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"schaats","meaning":"skate","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skating","skateboard","skater","skated","ice skate","roller skate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rollerblade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"463d3a8e-fa6f-4f0a-a970-b3b3a9ebe292","word":"skateboard","definition":"A narrow board mounted on wheels and used for riding and tricks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skateboard","meaning":"a board mounted on wheels for riding and tricks","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"skate","meaning":"an ice skate; later, to move on skates","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"schaats","meaning":"ice skate","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"board","meaning":"plank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bord","meaning":"board, plank","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skate","skater","skating","skateboarder","skateboarding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"board","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skate","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"ab379acc-a5aa-48bd-a04e-58815d3b855f","word":"skeleton","definition":"The internal or external framework of bones supporting a body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esqueleto","language_family":"greek","root":"skeleton","root_meaning":"dried up, withered","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"skeletón (σκελετόν)","meaning":"A dried-up body, a mummy. From skellein (to dry up, parch).","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"skeleton","meaning":"The bone framework of a body.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"esqueleto","meaning":"Skeleton.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["skeletal","exoskeleton","endoskeleton"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bones","formality":"informal"},{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"d67a6ee4-6611-49c5-9ff3-bff5f668f32a","word":"skeptic","definition":"A person inclined to question or doubt accepted opinions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escéptico","language_family":"greek","root":"skeptikos","root_meaning":"inquiring, reflective","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"skeptikós (σκεπτικός)","meaning":"Inquiring, reflective. From skeptesthai (to look carefully, examine). Named for the Skeptikoi philosophical school.","children":[{"era":"1580s","word":"skeptic","meaning":"A doubter or questioner.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"escéptico","meaning":"Skeptic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["skeptical","skepticism","scope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cynic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"questioner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"6bc4d92c-fc7b-44a3-9b84-2c1ba0e56578","word":"skeptical","definition":"Doubting or not easily convinced.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"escéptico","language_family":"greek","root":"skeptikos","root_meaning":"inquiring, reflective","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skeptical","meaning":"doubting or not easily convinced","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sceptical","meaning":"inclined to doubt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scepticus","meaning":"skeptical, inquiring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skeptikos","meaning":"inquisitive, reflective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"skeptesthai","meaning":"to look at, examine, consider","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern French/Latin-derived English form"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skeptic","skepticism","skeptically","skepticize","skepticality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubtful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dubious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"questioning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"7369d548-e84b-42d6-9d0b-09cfc33656b9","word":"sketch","definition":"A rough drawing or painting, or a brief humorous performance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schets","root_meaning":"sketch","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sketch","meaning":"rough drawing","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"sketch","meaning":"rough drawing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"schets","meaning":"sketch","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"schizzo","meaning":"sketch","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"schizzare","meaning":"to splash","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sketchy","sketched","sketching","drawing","portrait"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"draft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drawing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vignette","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"e59f1f8c-4ca5-4566-8152-da33f929c764","word":"ski","definition":"One of a pair of long runners worn on the feet for gliding over snow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esquí","language_family":"norse","root":"skíð","root_meaning":"cleft stick, log","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*skid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ski","meaning":"snow runner","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"ski","meaning":"ski","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"skíð","meaning":"cleft stick, log","children":[{"era":"400 BCE","word":"*skid-","meaning":"to split, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Norwegian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skis","skiing","skier","skiable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"runner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snow shoe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"d7725d94-b20c-4a94-ad7a-9d7524ae7689","word":"skid","definition":"to slide or slip suddenly, especially out of control.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skíð","root_meaning":"piece of wood; splinter","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skid","meaning":"to slide or slip suddenly, especially out of control","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skíð","meaning":"a piece of wood, splinter, or wooden runner","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skidding","skidder","skidway","skidproof","ski"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glide","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"5b15cbdf-20b6-4521-9bc6-75872598a6bc","word":"skill","definition":"The ability to do something well; expertise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"habilidad","language_family":"norse","root":"skil","root_meaning":"distinction, discernment","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"900s","proto_root":"*skel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"skill","meaning":"Expert ability in a task.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"skill","meaning":"Ability, knowledge.","children":[{"era":"900s","word":"skil","meaning":"Discernment, ability to distinguish.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*skel-","meaning":"To cut, to separate.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["skilled","skillful","unskilled","reskill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expertise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"740f4fe3-61e6-43e0-bd03-243de0b877a4","word":"skills","definition":"The ability to do something well, typically acquired through training or experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skill","root_meaning":"distinction, discernment","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skills","meaning":"abilities acquired through practice","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"skill","meaning":"knowledge, understanding","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"skil","meaning":"distinction, discernment","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skilled","skillful","unskilled","skillset"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abilities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competencies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talents","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prowess","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"7bd057c0-c6f6-4035-b73a-3aa5edcfe96a","word":"skin","definition":"The outer covering of a human or animal body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skinn","root_meaning":"skin, hide","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skin","meaning":"outer covering of body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skin","meaning":"skin, hide","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"skinn","meaning":"skin, hide","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skinny","skin-deep","skinned","skintight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"epidermis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"complexion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"68cb2997-44bc-4989-9f54-b05b5e323712","word":"skinny","definition":"Describing a person or animal as unattractively thin.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skinn","root_meaning":"skin","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skinnom","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skinny","meaning":"unattractively thin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"skin","meaning":"outer covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skinn","meaning":"skin","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skin","hide","pelt","skinflint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrawny","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"8dffc7f9-718d-4e9d-8e22-f205520c1a9a","word":"skip","definition":"To move with light bounding steps or to omit something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"skeppa","root_meaning":"to run, to jump","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skip","meaning":"to move lightly or omit","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"skip","meaning":"to leap or jump","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skeppa","meaning":"to run, to jump","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skipping","skipped","skipper","skipjack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"omit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"b5b40083-f52b-497a-92a4-0a2161ae7506","word":"skipper","definition":"The captain of a ship or boat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"schipper","root_meaning":"captain, sailor","root_language":"Middle Dutch / Middle Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skipper","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"skipper","meaning":"captain of a ship","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"schipper","meaning":"captain, sailor","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"schip","meaning":"ship","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch / Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle Dutch / Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ship","skiff","boat","seascape"],"synonyms":[{"word":"captain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"master","formality":"formal"},{"word":"helmsman","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"66bd5d29-7748-4e8e-9ecf-ae7fd0325dc8","word":"skirt","definition":"A woman's outer garment fastened around the waist and hanging down around the legs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skyrta","root_meaning":"shirt, kirtle","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*skurtijan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skirt","meaning":"A woman's outer garment.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"skyrta","meaning":"shirt, kirtle","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*skurtijan","meaning":"short garment","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dress","kilt","garment","apparel","clothing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"garment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kilt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"764b6ae9-7b20-4e98-93e0-2a58fe5d560b","word":"skull","definition":"A bony framework enclosing the brain of a vertebrate; the cranium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"skalli","root_meaning":"bald head","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*skallja","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"skull","meaning":"bony framework of head","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"skulle","meaning":"skull","children":[{"era":"pre-1200","word":"skalli","meaning":"bald head, skull","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*skallja","meaning":"head, bald head","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cranium","scalp","helmet","shell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cranium","formality":"technical"},{"word":"head","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noggin","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"766351cb-aae8-4bfe-a127-4ccfe41f325d","word":"sky","definition":"The expanse of space above the earth's surface, appearing as a vault or dome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"sky","root_meaning":"cloud, cloud-cover","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*skeu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sky","meaning":"the upper atmosphere","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sky","meaning":"cloud, cloud-cover","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ský","meaning":"cloud","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skeu-","meaning":"to cover, hide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["skyward","skyline","skyscaper","skylight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"atmosphere","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heavens","formality":"literary"},{"word":"vault","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"2657821d-0459-412f-b7f4-b14622385ef9","word":"slab","definition":"A slab is a thick, flat piece of material, such as stone, wood, or concrete.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slabbe","root_meaning":"slime; slush; mud","root_language":"Middle Dutch / Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slab","meaning":"a thick, flat piece of material","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slabbe","meaning":"slime; mud; slush","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch / Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slabby","slabbed","slabstone","slab-sided","slabness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slabstone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"block","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"9b2a644a-6fa3-49be-ad0a-84e0e2aeb8c5","word":"slack","definition":"Not taut or held tightly in position; loose.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slæc","root_meaning":"loose, remiss, lazy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sleg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slack","meaning":"loose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slæc","meaning":"loose, remiss","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sleg-","meaning":"to be weak, loose","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sluggish","slacken","lax","loose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"loose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"limp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lax","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"76c2a9cc-17ef-4347-a0b6-94131dda88e4","word":"slade","definition":"An archaic or dialectal word for a valley, hollow, or grassy strip of land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English slæd","root_meaning":"valley; hollow; strip of land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slade","meaning":"valley; hollow; grassy strip of land","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English slæd","meaning":"valley; ditch; slope","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Slade","Slad","Slades","sladeful","sladed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dale","formality":"literary"},{"word":"valley","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hollow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"c66d578d-eb0b-4393-88dc-89fa194d0c4f","word":"slam","definition":"To shut (a door, window, or lid) forcefully and loudly, or to put down or hit with great force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slemmen","root_meaning":"to strike, beat heavily","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slam","meaning":"shut forcefully","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"slemmen","meaning":"to strike, beat heavily","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slap","smash","clash","thump"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thud","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"365b93db-9a2c-4a29-930f-68be0a21f53a","word":"slap","definition":"To hit quickly with an open hand or a flat object.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slappe","root_meaning":"strike, hit","root_language":"Low German / Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slap","meaning":"To hit quickly with an open hand","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"slappe","meaning":"to strike, hit","children":[],"language":"Low German/Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slapping","slapper","slapstick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smack","formality":"informal"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"69939649-53bb-4444-bce3-efd44990175b","word":"slate","definition":"A fine-grained rock that splits into thin layers and has been used for roofing and writing tablets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*slaitijaną","root_meaning":"to split, break","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*slītaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slate","meaning":"A fine-grained rock that splits into thin layers and has been used for roofing and writing tablets.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sclate / slat / slate","meaning":"slate, slate rock, writing slate","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"esclate","meaning":"broken piece, shard","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"esclater","meaning":"to break, shatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slaitijaną","meaning":"to split, break","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slītaną","meaning":"to cut up, split, tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slat","slaty","slated","slating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tablet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"716f7b0b-1be3-4446-8ef5-879d6b640622","word":"slaughter","definition":"The killing of animals for food, or the violent killing of people.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"slahtr","root_meaning":"butchering, meat","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slaughter","meaning":"The killing of animals for food, or the violent killing of people.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slaughter","meaning":"the killing of animals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slahtr","meaning":"butchering, meat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slahan","meaning":"to strike","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slay","sledgehammer","strike","smite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"massacre","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"butcher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carnage","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"2853db1a-25d7-4a84-86c1-05345a65b6cb","word":"slavery","definition":"The condition or system of being held as a slave.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esclavitud","language_family":"latin","root":"sclavus","root_meaning":"Slav; slave","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slavery","meaning":"the condition or system of being held as a slave","children":[{"era":"1550s","word":"slave","meaning":"to enslave; the base word behind slavery","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sclavus","meaning":"Slav; slave","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-ery","meaning":"noun-forming suffix meaning a condition, practice, or collective","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slave","enslave","slaveholder","slavish","enslavement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bondage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"servitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enslavement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"2c101cca-6bee-47ea-87cf-8304c78552ab","word":"slay","definition":"To slay is to kill violently or, by extension, to defeat or impress strongly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slean","root_meaning":"to strike, smite, kill","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sleh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slay","meaning":"kill violently or defeat impressively","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slean","meaning":"strike, smite, kill","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slahaną","meaning":"to strike","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*sleh₂-","meaning":"to strike, hit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slew","slain","slayer","slaying","slayed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slaughter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"murder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"723840d2-0c4f-4074-8475-d30680c07a86","word":"slayer","definition":"A person or thing that slays or kills.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slahaną","root_meaning":"to strike, hit","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slayer","meaning":"one who kills","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slay","meaning":"to strike, kill","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slahaną","meaning":"to strike, hit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slay","slain","slaying","slayer","slew"],"synonyms":[{"word":"killer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"murderer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assassin","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"25fc7437-4dae-4050-8b14-29b0bbcbf42a","word":"sled","definition":"A sled is a low vehicle or conveyance that glides over snow or ice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*slidô","root_meaning":"sled; something that slides","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sled","meaning":"a vehicle that glides over snow or ice","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sledde","meaning":"sled","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slidô","meaning":"sled; something that slides","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slide","sliding","slider","sledge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toboggan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sleigh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"812d629a-b73f-454c-b132-584e663915b2","word":"sleep","definition":"A natural state of rest with reduced consciousness and bodily activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slæp","root_meaning":"sleep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sleb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleep","meaning":"natural state of rest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slæp","meaning":"sleep","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sleb-","meaning":"to slip","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleeper","sleeping","sleepless","sleepy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slumber","formality":"literary"},{"word":"rest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nap","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"1297a479-9957-4209-82ae-848cab0b66a4","word":"sleeper","definition":"A sleeper is a person or thing that sleeps, or something dormant or unnoticed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slǣpere","root_meaning":"one who sleeps","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleeper","meaning":"one who sleeps; something dormant or unnoticed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sleper","meaning":"one who sleeps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slǣpere","meaning":"one who sleeps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slǣpan","meaning":"to sleep","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleep","sleepy","asleep","oversleep","sleepwalk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slumberer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dozer","formality":"informal"},{"word":"napper","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"1375b78d-74ba-4751-b429-5fa19ef0cf2f","word":"sleepless","definition":"Not sleeping or unable to sleep.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English slǣp + -lēas","root_meaning":"sleep + lacking","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleepless","meaning":"Not sleeping or unable to sleep.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slǣplēas","meaning":"'Without sleep; not sleeping'.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slǣp","meaning":"'Sleep'.","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-lēas","meaning":"'Without, lacking'.","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleep","sleepy","sleeping","sleeplessly","sleeplessness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wakeful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"restless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awake","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"dcfd3b59-c187-4bda-ab28-c5b68d609589","word":"sleepover","definition":"An overnight stay as a guest in someone else's house, especially by children.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleepover","meaning":"an overnight stay as a guest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sleep","meaning":"to sleep","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"through the night; beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleep","oversleep","sleeper","sleepy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"overnight stay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slumber party","formality":"informal"},{"word":"overnight guest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"2d64745c-3422-4c2e-ad17-ee62d533de77","word":"sleepy","definition":"Feeling a need for sleep.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slæpan","root_meaning":"to sleep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*slep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleepy","meaning":"feeling a need for sleep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slæpan","meaning":"to sleep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slep-","meaning":"to sleep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleep","asleep","slumber","sleeper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drowsy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tired","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lethargic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"0155a2bb-6c34-47b5-8870-a0ce7c4d0662","word":"sleet","definition":"Precipitation consisting of ice pellets or a mixture of rain and snow falling simultaneously.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sloten","root_meaning":"hailstones","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*slautaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleet","meaning":"frozen or partly frozen precipitation; mix of rain and snow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"slete","meaning":"sleet, hail","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sloten / slote","meaning":"hailstones","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*slautaz","meaning":"frozen precipitation","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleety","slush","hail","sleet storm","freezing rain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"freezing rain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ice pellets","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wintry mix","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"49b0ca07-f215-453b-8430-5f5e3421b6df","word":"sleeve","definition":"The part of a garment that covers the arm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slēfe","root_meaning":"sleeve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleeve","meaning":"arm covering of a garment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slēfe","meaning":"sleeve","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slip","slipper","slop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cuff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"armhole","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"f230ccbc-45dc-4f1c-a112-df60f07ce167","word":"sleigh","definition":"A vehicle mounted on runners for travel over snow or ice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *slid-","root_meaning":"to slide, slip","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sleigh","meaning":"A vehicle mounted on runners for travel over snow or ice.","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"slee","meaning":"A sled; the source of English sleigh.","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"slede","meaning":"A sled or sledge.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slid-","meaning":"To slide or slip.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sled","sledge","slide","glide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toboggan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"d1860699-50b6-4a2f-a18d-52fa37f1087a","word":"slice","definition":"A thin, broad piece of food or other material cut from a larger portion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"esclicier","root_meaning":"to cut, to split","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slice","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sclice","meaning":"slice, piece cut off","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"esclicier","meaning":"to cut, to split","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slit","cleave","split","sliver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"339c8b2c-bf71-41a1-84ce-9f25971cfa62","word":"slick","definition":"Smooth and glossy; skillful and clever.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*slik-","root_meaning":"smooth, slippery","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slick","meaning":"smooth; clever","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slik","meaning":"smooth, sleek","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slik-","meaning":"smooth, slippery","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleek","slip","slide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smooth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glossy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cunning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"polished","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"c2b577e2-e51e-4e80-863c-e0c0b9dd9599","word":"slide","definition":"To move smoothly over a surface while maintaining continuous contact.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slīdan","root_meaning":"to glide, slip","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sleidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slide","meaning":"move smoothly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slīdan","meaning":"to glide, slip","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sleidh-","meaning":"to slide, to slip","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slip","sleek","sledge","slither","sliding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"ff4e68f6-9bdf-4220-9153-081a2fb58499","word":"slight","definition":"Small in degree or amount; inconsiderable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sléttr","root_meaning":"smooth, level, sleek","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*slei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slight","meaning":"small, inconsiderable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sleht","meaning":"smooth, level","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sléttr","meaning":"smooth, level","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["sleek","sly","slide","slick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insignificant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trivial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"9e394031-9527-40ac-9ea4-46567ac3792d","word":"slightly","definition":"In a small degree; to a minor extent or in a small amount.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slight","root_meaning":"of small weight or importance","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slightly","meaning":"in a small degree","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slight","meaning":"smooth, of little weight or importance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slicht","meaning":"smooth, level","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slight","slighter","slightest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marginally","formality":"formal"},{"word":"a little","formality":"informal"},{"word":"somewhat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"42a438c0-fce1-429c-97a5-2d792192be22","word":"slim","definition":"(Of a person or their build) gracefully thin; slender.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slim","root_meaning":"bad, crooked, weak","root_language":"Dutch/Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slim","meaning":"gracefully thin","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"slim","meaning":"bad, crooked, weak, thin","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"schlimm","meaning":"bad, crooked","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slimmer","slimness","slimmed","slimming","slender"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lean","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"e0c521af-faaa-4fff-abfd-f3f54cb874e5","word":"slime","definition":"Slime is a viscous, slippery substance such as mud, mucus, or ooze.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *slimaz","root_meaning":"slime, mud, or mucous matter","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slime","meaning":"a viscous, slippery substance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English slime","meaning":"slime, mud, or mucus","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English slim","meaning":"slime or mucus","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *slimaz","meaning":"slime, mud, or mucous matter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slimy","slimeball","slimer","sliminess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ooze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mucus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"bfd5953c-6304-4168-b0d6-d092fb6133b8","word":"slimy","definition":"Covered with, resembling, or full of slime.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slīm","root_meaning":"slime","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slimy","meaning":"covered with, resembling, or full of slime","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slymy / slimi","meaning":"slimy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slīm","meaning":"slime","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slime","slimey","sliminess","slimier","slimiest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"viscous","formality":"technical"},{"word":"slippery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gooey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"81e5c7ae-0309-44e1-b114-ae34d27db1a0","word":"slip","definition":"To slide unintentionally, typically losing one's balance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*slipanan","root_meaning":"to slide, glide","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sleib-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slip","meaning":"slide unintentionally","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slipan","meaning":"to glide, slide, escape","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slipanan","meaning":"to slide, glide","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*sleib-","meaning":"to slide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slippery","slipper","slice","lapse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"err","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"071a9366-41c0-4643-812d-50d53d29db33","word":"slipper","definition":"A light, soft shoe that is easy to put on and take off, typically worn indoors.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slippen","root_meaning":"to slide, to glide","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sleib-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1400s","word":"slipper","meaning":"light shoe for indoor wear","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"slip","meaning":"to slide unintentionally","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slippen","meaning":"to slide, to glide","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slipan","meaning":"to glide, to slide","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*slipanan","meaning":"to glide","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sleib-","meaning":"to slide, to glide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"suffix forming agent nouns","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slip","slide","slippery","slink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"house shoe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loafer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mule","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"befd61eb-bc06-40f6-8e48-5f7db6c60b47","word":"slippery","definition":"Difficult to hold or stand on because of being smooth, wet, or greasy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slip","root_meaning":"to glide, slide","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sleib-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slippery","meaning":"Difficult to hold or stand on","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slipere","meaning":"slippery","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slipor","meaning":"slippery","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slip","slipper","slippage","slipping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greasy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smooth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tricky","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"9ca6d417-ad59-4693-85fc-308d9703e7eb","word":"slit","definition":"A long, narrow cut or opening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slītan","root_meaning":"to tear, split","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sleitaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slit","meaning":"a long, narrow cut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slītan","meaning":"to tear, split","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slice","split","slide","slash","sleight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incision","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"92024995-39fb-4844-b880-e94a8bdee937","word":"slope","definition":"A surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a rising or falling surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slopen","root_meaning":"to slip","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*slewb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slope","meaning":"inclined surface","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"slopen","meaning":"to slip","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slewb-","meaning":"to be weak, loose, slippery","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slip","slippery","slop","slump","slobber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gradient","formality":"technical"},{"word":"descent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"735938fa-b580-49ab-be70-053b5d839396","word":"sloppy","definition":"(of clothes or appearance) casual and untidy; (of work or a method) careless and unsystematic.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slop","root_meaning":"to spill, to make a mess","root_language":"English (imitative, Low German)","root_era":"17th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sloppy","meaning":"untidy, careless","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"sloppy","meaning":"muddy, wet, messy","children":[{"era":"16th C","word":"slop","meaning":"to spill (verb), liquid refuse (noun)","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slop","slovenly","slip","sludge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"untidy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"messy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"careless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unprofessional","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"2b560fe9-4886-4a85-99dd-c2e0fb807151","word":"slot","definition":"A long, narrow aperture or incision into which something is fitted or inserted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slott","root_meaning":"track, trace","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slot","meaning":"a narrow opening","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"slot","meaning":"a hollow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slott","meaning":"track, trace","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"1200s","word":"esclot","meaning":"hoofprint, cavity","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slit","slash","sled","sledge","slide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aperture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"groove","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"9b97aff9-5def-4931-9cab-5560f6ca611c","word":"slovak","definition":"A native or inhabitant of Slovakia, or a person of Slovak descent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Slovák","root_meaning":"a Slovak person","root_language":"Slovak","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*slověninъ","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slovak","meaning":"A native or inhabitant of Slovakia, or a person of Slovak descent.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"Slovák","meaning":"a Slovak person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*slověninъ","meaning":"a Slav","children":[],"language":"Proto-Slavic"}],"language":"Slovak"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Slovakia","Slavic","Slovene","Slovenia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Slovakian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"native","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhabitant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"198335a4-6926-4b7f-b1d3-a10319ad2aed","word":"slow","definition":"Moving, proceeding, or happening at a low speed or taking considerable time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slaw","root_meaning":"not swift, sluggish","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slow","meaning":"moving at low speed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slow","meaning":"not quick","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"slaw","meaning":"sluggish, blunt","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slowly","slower","slowness","slowdown"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sluggish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"leisurely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gradual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unhurried","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:00:46.112Z"}
{"id":"51d6f472-9eab-45b7-ae4a-05f0208a0f6c","word":"slowly","definition":"In a slow manner; at a low speed or rate.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slāw","root_meaning":"sluggish, inert","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*slēwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slowly","meaning":"at a low speed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slowly","meaning":"in a slow manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slāwlīce","meaning":"sluggishly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slāw","meaning":"sluggish, inert","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*slēwaz","meaning":"sluggish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slow","slowness","slowdown","slowpoke","sluggish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gradually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leisurely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tardily","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"sluggishly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"39824bf5-0236-4a0b-91ef-8f7e6cbe2ae1","word":"slug","definition":"A terrestrial gastropod mollusc that has no shell or only a rudimentary internal shell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slugghe","root_meaning":"sluggish, slow","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slug","meaning":"shell-less snail; bullet","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"slugge","meaning":"slow, sluggish person or thing","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sluggish","sloth","slow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gasteropod","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bullet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lazybones","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"ced511c9-c2fd-4b7f-a0c0-b2b202d8aacb","word":"slum","definition":"A dilapidated neighborhood in which many people live in poverty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slum","meaning":"A dilapidated neighborhood in which many people live in poverty.","children":[{"era":"1812","word":"slang","meaning":"‘room,’ especially ‘backroom,’ the source sense behind slum","children":[],"language":"English slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slummy","slumlord","slumming","slumdom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shantytown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ghetto","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tenement district","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:27:36.634Z"}
{"id":"f9048310-1cf0-47a6-abcf-68e5717a1a51","word":"slumber","definition":"A light or drowsy sleep, or the act of sleeping lightly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slumber","meaning":"light sleep","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"slumberen / slombren","meaning":"to sleep lightly; doze","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleep","slumbering","slumbrous","doze","drowsy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sleep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nap","formality":"informal"},{"word":"repose","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"0d4f9035-5299-4c93-b483-840d9e941f24","word":"slut","definition":"A sexually promiscuous woman (derogatory).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"slutte","root_meaning":"untidy, dirty person","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"slut","meaning":"sexually promiscuous woman","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"slut","meaning":"untidy woman","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"slutte","meaning":"untidy, dirty person","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["slattern","sludge","slovenly","slop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prostitute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hussy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"wanton","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"3269f077-f5d5-45b5-aeb8-5070c2ed3a02","word":"sly","definition":"Having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"slœgr","root_meaning":"cunning, tricky","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sly","meaning":"Cunning and deceitful","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sly","meaning":"clever, artful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"slœgr","meaning":"cunning, tricky","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sleight","slight","slug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cunning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crafty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"4fc0a753-3592-462c-ad0a-04a3b5bf7830","word":"smack","definition":"To strike (someone or something) with the flat of the hand or a flat object.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smacken","root_meaning":"to hit, to slap","root_language":"Low German / Dutch","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":"*smak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smack","meaning":"To strike with the flat of the hand or a flat object.","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"smack","meaning":"to hit, to slap","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"smacken","meaning":"to hit, slap (onomatopoeic)","children":[],"language":"Low German / Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smacker","smack-dab","smack-talk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thwack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"7870821f-964c-4d4b-8dca-4e17f9af1795","word":"small","definition":"Of limited size or extent; not large.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smal","root_meaning":"narrow, thin","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*mel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"small","meaning":"limited in size or extent","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"small","meaning":"narrow, thin, petty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smal","meaning":"narrow, thin, small","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smallness","smaller","smallest","smallpox"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tiny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"little","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminutive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"92e50ceb-69ce-42ee-9f23-a0ecda2c54db","word":"smaller","definition":"Comparative form of small; of lesser size, extent, or amount than something else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"más pequeño","language_family":"germanic","root":"smæl","root_meaning":"small, thin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*smelaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smaller","meaning":"less large in size","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"small","meaning":"small, thin, of little size","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"smæl","meaning":"small, thin, narrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smelaz","meaning":"small, thin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["small","smallest","smaller","smallness","smallish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tiny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"little","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diminished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reduced","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"66b3389b-b8f8-4fec-8672-3e578c7125ba","word":"smart","definition":"Intelligent or clever; well-dressed; to feel sharp pain or hurt.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smeortan","root_meaning":"to pain, to sting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*smert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smart","meaning":"intelligent, well-dressed, or causing sharp pain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smeart","meaning":"to pain, to sting","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*smert-","meaning":"to pain, to sting","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smartly","smartness","smarten","smarting","smart-aleck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intelligent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sharp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"well-dressed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"2a15b634-7a99-4c6e-9110-ce6a83155913","word":"smash","definition":"To break (something) into pieces suddenly and violently.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smash","meaning":"To break into pieces suddenly and violently","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"smash","meaning":"imitative sound or blend of existing words","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mash","crash","bash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"demolish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"85625744-8e46-4a9d-8ed4-c96fd81b4eb8","word":"smear","definition":"To spread or rub a substance over a surface, especially in a messy or uneven way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smērjaną","root_meaning":"to smear, anoint","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*smer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smear","meaning":"to spread a substance over a surface","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"smeren","meaning":"to smear, anoint","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smierian","meaning":"to smear, anoint","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smērjaną","meaning":"to smear, anoint","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smearing","smeared","smears","smudgy","smudged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smudge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"39d95516-b1ab-4b00-8fcd-b43b05a52457","word":"smell","definition":"To perceive or detect an odor or scent with the nose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smel","root_meaning":"to emit smoke or vapor","root_language":"Middle Low German/Dutch","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*smel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smell","meaning":"to perceive odor","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"smel","meaning":"to emit smoke, scent","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"smellen","meaning":"to smell, sniff","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*smel-","meaning":"to smoke, burn slowly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smoky","smolder","sniff"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whiff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"cb79277c-bd7c-4339-8be8-ee6c8709118f","word":"smelly","definition":"Having a strong or unpleasant smell.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smel","root_meaning":"smell, odor","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*smellō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smelly","meaning":"having a strong smell","children":[{"era":"current","word":"smell","meaning":"odor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"smel","meaning":"smell, odor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*smellō","meaning":"smell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smell","odor","malodorous","fragrant","stink","reek"],"synonyms":[{"word":"odorous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"malodorous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pungent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fetid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"05e49fea-5842-4cd0-8abe-9f15df45839b","word":"smile","definition":"To form one's features into a pleased or amused expression.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sonreír","language_family":"germanic","root":"smilen","root_meaning":"to smile","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*smei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"smile","meaning":"To show pleasure with the face.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"smilen","meaning":"To smile.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*smei-","meaning":"To laugh, to be astonished.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["smiling","smiley","wry smile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beam","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"aab552c4-be4b-441b-b1fb-4d7b17e1183d","word":"smiley","definition":"A symbol or face representing a smile, especially an emoticon or emoji.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*smilāną","root_meaning":"to smile","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*(s)mey-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smiley","meaning":"a smiling-face symbol","children":[{"era":"current","word":"smile","meaning":"to smile; a smiling expression","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"smilen","meaning":"to smile","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*smilāną","meaning":"to smile","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*(s)mey-","meaning":"to laugh; be glad; wonder","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"modern","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smile","smiled","smiling","smiler","smiley-face"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emoji","formality":"technical"},{"word":"emoticon","formality":"technical"},{"word":"smiley face","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"e1389bc1-52cc-4939-b1f4-283fe94a0f28","word":"smith","definition":"A worker who shapes metal by heating and hammering, such as a blacksmith or goldsmith.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smið","root_meaning":"craftsman, smith","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*smit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smith","meaning":"metal worker","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"smith","meaning":"craftsman, smith","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smið","meaning":"craftsman, smith","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["blacksmith","goldsmith","silversmith","smithy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metalworker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craftsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"artisan","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"7bc5ac92-ac45-49d5-bead-d3d631190f67","word":"smoke","definition":"A visible suspension of carbon or other particles in air, typically one emitted from a burning substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smoca","root_meaning":"smoke","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*smug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smoke","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smoca","meaning":"smoke (noun)","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*smauka-","meaning":"smoke","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smoky","smog","smoulder","fume","reek"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vapor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"e9f76bd1-faa5-419e-a38e-af5dd9557a22","word":"smoker","definition":"A smoker is a person who smokes tobacco or another substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smoca","root_meaning":"smoke","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smoker","meaning":"a person who smokes","children":[{"era":"Middle English to Modern English","word":"smoke + -er","meaning":"agent noun formed from smoke","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smoke","meaning":"smoke; later also the verb 'to smoke'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smoke","smoking","smoked","smoky","smokestack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tobacco user","formality":"technical"},{"word":"smoking habitue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chain-smoker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"8173ea0c-d4b4-4d7c-8f4c-12895db94205","word":"smoking","definition":"The action of inhaling and exhaling smoke from a cigarette, pipe, or other burning substance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English smoca","root_meaning":"smoke, vapor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*smeuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smoking","meaning":"inhaling and exhaling smoke","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"smoke","meaning":"visible vapor from fire","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smoca","meaning":"smoke, vapor","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*smeuk-","meaning":"to smoke, emit vapor","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smoke","smoky","smoked","smoker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puffing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"inhaling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tobacco use","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"0d4ffaa2-3756-4daa-8d77-77a3aeeb9435","word":"smooth","definition":"Having an even and regular surface or consistency; free from projections or indentations.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smēthe","root_meaning":"smooth, soft, gentle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*smēdh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smooth","meaning":"Having an even and regular surface or consistency.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smēthe","meaning":"smooth, soft, gentle","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*smēþiz","meaning":"smooth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smoothly","smoothness","smoother","smoothest","unsmooth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"even","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sleek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"polished","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"7df5d841-c99c-4c75-a8c2-e015c19a1c52","word":"smoothie","definition":"A thick drink made by blending raw fruit or vegetables, typically with juice, milk, or yogurt.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smōth","root_meaning":"smooth, level, free from roughness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smoothie","meaning":"blended fruit or vegetable drink","children":[{"era":"1980s","word":"smooth + -ie","meaning":"informal noun from adjective smooth via diminutive suffix -ie","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"smooth","meaning":"even-surfaced; also a glib or flattering person (informal, early 1900s)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"smoþe / smeþe","meaning":"smooth, even-surfaced","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"smōth","meaning":"smooth, free from roughness; etymology uncertain","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smooth","smoothen","smoothly","smoothness","smoother"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blend","formality":"informal"},{"word":"shake","formality":"informal"},{"word":"purée","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"aea5e3c1-9184-4d8f-876c-1be01f1bd132","word":"smug","definition":"Smug means self-satisfied, complacent, or offensively pleased with oneself.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smug","meaning":"self-satisfied or complacent","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"smugge","meaning":"neat, trim, spruce","children":[],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smugly","smugness","smuggish","smugger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-satisfied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complacent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conceited","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"020e2a22-7026-44c7-b082-27131974aa51","word":"smuggle","definition":"Move (goods) illegally into or out of a country.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smukkelen","root_meaning":"to carry secretly, to smuggle","root_language":"Low German","root_era":"16th-17th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smuggle","meaning":"move illegally","children":[{"era":"16th-17th C","word":"smukkelen","meaning":"to carry secretly","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smuggler","contraband","traffic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contraband","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bootleg","formality":"informal"},{"word":"traffic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"b898b942-4417-4bb9-b3e7-c3edaa16d426","word":"smuggler","definition":"A smuggler is a person who secretly carries goods across borders to evade customs or the law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"smokkelen","root_meaning":"to smuggle or act furtively","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"smuggler","meaning":"a person who secretly carries goods to evade customs or the law","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"smuggle","meaning":"to carry or trade goods secretly and illegally","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"smokkelen","meaning":"to smuggle or act furtively","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["smuggle","smuggling","smuggled","smuggler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contrabandist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bootlegger","formality":"informal"},{"word":"trafficker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"9ba93103-fd69-408c-a4cd-48dc0ef51f3d","word":"snack","definition":"A small amount of food eaten between meals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snac","root_meaning":"a bite, snap","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snack","meaning":"small meal","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"snac","meaning":"a bite, snap","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snatch","snap","sneak","snicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nibble","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"40bbb97c-6b3d-4c64-a343-ca2fdc0273f8","word":"snail","definition":"A slow-moving gastropod mollusk, usually with a coiled shell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*snagilaz","root_meaning":"snail","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sneg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snail","meaning":"a slow-moving shell-bearing gastropod","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snægl","meaning":"snail","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*snagilaz","meaning":"snail","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sneg-","meaning":"to crawl, creep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snaily","snail-shell","snail-like","snailfish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gastropod","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mollusk","formality":"technical"},{"word":"escargot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"58ac912d-a8e2-4d0f-ad0b-6a605ad81d77","word":"snake","definition":"A limbless reptile with a long, scaly body and no eyelids.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snaca","root_meaning":"snake, serpent","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sneg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snake","meaning":"a limbless reptile","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snaca","meaning":"snake, serpent","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sneg-","meaning":"to crawl, creep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sneak","snitch","snail","snaky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"serpent","formality":"literary"},{"word":"viper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"cdb5123c-62e7-4b42-8eee-caacd8fd501f","word":"snappy","definition":"Snappy means brisk, lively, or stylishly neat, and can also suggest sharpness or quickness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snap","root_meaning":"a sharp crack, jerk, or quick motion","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snappy","meaning":"brisk, lively, or stylishly neat","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"snap","meaning":"a sharp crack or sudden jerk","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning 'having the quality of'","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snap","snappish","snappily","snappiness","snaps"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brisk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lively","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smart","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"0b6149ae-af83-419b-ae86-187dbcd502e8","word":"snapshot","definition":"An informal photograph taken quickly, or a brief sample of data or a situation at a specific moment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snap, shot","root_meaning":"to break suddenly; an act of shooting","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*snu- (snap), *skeut- (shot)","etymology_tree":{"era":"19th century","word":"snapshot","meaning":"quick photograph; brief sample","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"snap","meaning":"to break suddenly, take quickly","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shot","meaning":"an act of shooting; a discharge","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snappy","snapping","shoot","shooting","shutter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"photograph","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"9fc0c72b-140d-468d-9c90-c7427ef96f25","word":"snarl","definition":"(of an animal) make an aggressive growl with bared teeth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snarren","root_meaning":"to growl, grumble","root_language":"Middle Low German/Middle Dutch","root_era":"1400s-1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snarl","meaning":"to growl aggressively","children":[{"era":"1400s-1500s","word":"snarren","meaning":"to growl, grumble","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German/Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["growl","gnarl","grunt","snort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"growl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"a3f913ca-ac2f-4e2f-b97a-7c99570550b1","word":"snatch","definition":"To quickly seize something in a rude or eager way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snacchen","root_meaning":"to snap, bite, seize","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*snak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snatch","meaning":"to seize quickly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"snacchen","meaning":"to snap, bite, seize","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snap","sneak","snarl","snout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clutch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pilfer","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"5cc736b5-8348-480f-899d-4680b0d3eb37","word":"sneak","definition":"To move or go in a furtive or stealthy manner.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snícan","root_meaning":"to creep, to crawl","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sneikaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sneak","meaning":"move stealthily","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snícan","meaning":"to creep","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sneikaną","meaning":"to creep, to crawl","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sneaky","snitch","snook","snaking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiptoe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"00b4b2d8-129a-4964-ab8e-1b0feb2f254e","word":"sneaker","definition":"A sneaker is a casual shoe with a soft, quiet sole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snican","root_meaning":"to creep, crawl, or move stealthily","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sneg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sneaker","meaning":"a rubber-soled shoe that makes little noise","children":[{"era":"1550s","word":"sneak","meaning":"to move stealthily or silently","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snican","meaning":"to creep, crawl, or move stealthily","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sneikanan","meaning":"to creep or crawl","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sneg-","meaning":"to crawl; creeping thing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sneakers","sneaky","sneaking","sneakily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trainer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plimsoll","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"gym shoe","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"a7d9c21f-c257-459d-b830-3c4a3b8d01ba","word":"sneaky","definition":"Engaging in stealthy or deceptive behavior.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sneak","root_meaning":"to creep or slink stealthily","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sneaky","meaning":"stealthy, deceptive","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"sneak","meaning":"to creep stealthily","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sneak","snitch","snuggle","snaky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furtive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"underhand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"a21be523-61a0-4c69-9b20-bc52270ad74b","word":"sneeze","definition":"To expel air sharply and involuntarily through the nose and mouth, usually because of irritation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *fneusaną","root_meaning":"to sneeze; to breathe or snort forcefully","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pnew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sneeze","meaning":"to expel air sharply and involuntarily through the nose and mouth","children":[{"era":"c. 1200s","word":"sneesen","meaning":"to sneeze","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fnēosan","meaning":"to sneeze","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fneusaną","meaning":"to sneeze; snort","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*pnew-","meaning":"to breathe, blow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sneezing","sneezed","sneezer","sneezy","sneezing fit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sternutate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"snuffle","formality":"informal"},{"word":"snort","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"2b8cac30-c5e4-4de3-8f33-7bf29840738b","word":"snicker","definition":"To laugh quietly or slyly, often in a way that shows concealed amusement or disdain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snicker","meaning":"to laugh quietly or slyly","children":[{"era":"early modern","word":"snigger / snicker","meaning":"quiet, sly laughter","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snigger","snickered","snickering","snickeringly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snigger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chuckle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"titter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"e16d049a-f1a1-4db2-ab02-0f13c77143bc","word":"sniff","definition":"To draw air audibly up the nose, typically to detect a smell or to prevent a runny nose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sniffen","root_meaning":"to sniff","root_language":"Middle Dutch/Low German","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sniff","meaning":"To draw air up the nose","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"sniff","meaning":"imitative of the sound of sniffing","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"sniffen","meaning":"to sniff","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snuffle","snout","snort","nose","scent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inhale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"45ec7302-17d6-4ff5-84cb-e65c39febbbd","word":"sniffle","definition":"To sniff repeatedly or slightly, typically because of a cold or crying.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sniff","root_meaning":"to sniff repeatedly","root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sniffle","meaning":"sniff repeatedly","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sniff + -le","meaning":"to draw in air audibly + diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sniff","snout","snuffle","sneeze"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snivel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whimper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blubber","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"5e450633-185e-4242-b922-83315b5ec4a7","word":"snitch","definition":"To act as an informer, typically by telling on someone to an authority figure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":"English dialect","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snitch","meaning":"inform","children":[{"era":"1700s (slang)","word":"snitch","meaning":"to cut a nose (earlier 'snick')","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["betray","inform","tattle","tell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rat out","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tell","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"21b223b1-5756-4c06-8157-17c4978efe32","word":"snoop","definition":"To pry or spy secretly into someone else's affairs.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snoop","meaning":"to pry or spy secretly","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snooper","snooping","snoopy","snoopily","snoopiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eavesdrop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"88c7c4a4-b4d9-43fd-9637-e8e4c7026da6","word":"snore","definition":"To make a snorting or grunting sound while asleep.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snoren","root_meaning":"to snore","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snore","meaning":"to make a snorting sound while asleep","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"snoren","meaning":"to snore","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snorer","snoring","snort","sneeze"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grunt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breathe heavily","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"ade95187-f195-43ab-806a-9a48949e7737","word":"snort","definition":"To make a sudden explosive sound through the nose, typically expressing indignation, derision, or physical exertion.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snort","meaning":"make a sound through the nose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snorten","meaning":"to snort","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snurten","meaning":"to snort","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snore","sneeze","sniff","snuffle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sneeze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grunt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guffaw","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"30ea3b88-de5b-4602-82cc-08386763568e","word":"snot","definition":"Thick mucus from the nose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snot","root_meaning":"nasal mucus","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snot","meaning":"nasal mucus","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snot","meaning":"nasal mucus","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snotty","snotter","snotnose","snotball","snottiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mucus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nasal mucus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bogey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"0fee9816-afd1-45ad-8957-0478ab82f4a3","word":"snow","definition":"Frozen precipitation that falls from clouds in the form of white or translucent ice crystals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snāwaz","root_meaning":"snow","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sneygʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snow","meaning":"frozen precipitation","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"snow","meaning":"frozen precipitation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snāwaz","meaning":"snow","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*sneygʷʰ-","meaning":"to snow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snowy","snowfall","snowflake","snowed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precipitation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"winter precipitation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.146Z"}
{"id":"5ccb18e3-c79b-4eea-b555-7f56745772df","word":"snowboard","definition":"A board used for riding down snow-covered slopes while standing with both feet secured.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"snaw + bord","root_meaning":"snow + plank","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sneygwh- + *bordhaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snowboard","meaning":"a board for snow riding","children":[{"era":"current","word":"snow","meaning":"frozen precipitation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snaw","meaning":"snow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"board","meaning":"a flat piece of material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bord","meaning":"plank","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snow","board","ski","snowshoe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glider","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ski board","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snowslider","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"716baa3e-0802-4c0b-af1c-dcf762d72353","word":"snowman","definition":"A snowman is a figure built from packed snow, usually shaped like a person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English snāw + mann","root_meaning":"snow + person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snowman","meaning":"a figure made of snow shaped like a person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"snow","meaning":"frozen precipitation","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"adult human; person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snowball","snowflake","snowbank","snowperson"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snow figure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snow sculpture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"snowperson","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"83b264fd-df31-4120-bcf2-1afc1636b225","word":"snowy","definition":"Covered with, marked by, or full of snow.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English snāwiġ","root_meaning":"snowy","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*snaiwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snowy","meaning":"covered with, marked by, or full of snow","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English snowy / snawy","meaning":"snowy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English snāwiġ","meaning":"snowy","children":[{"era":null,"word":"Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz","meaning":"snow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snow","snowfall","snowman","snowiness","snowbound"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snow-covered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snow-laden","formality":"literary"},{"word":"wintry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"8e5f632c-84dd-4b87-8dd4-d2b17ba80e68","word":"snuff","definition":"Powdered tobacco inhaled through the nose, or the residue of a burned candle wick.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *snuf-","root_meaning":"to sniff, snort (imitative)","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"snuff","meaning":"powdered tobacco inhaled through the nose; the residue of a burned wick","children":[{"era":"late 1300s","word":"Middle English snuffe/snoffe","meaning":"the burned part of a candle wick; later the verb sense 'to snuff'","children":[{"era":"pre-1500","word":"Dutch/Flemish snuffen","meaning":"to sniff, snuff","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *snuf-","meaning":"imitative base for sniffing or snorting","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch/Flemish"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["snuffed","snuffing","snuffer","snuffbox","snuffle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tobacco powder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snuff tobacco","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powdered tobacco","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"d1459941-ff61-4851-8f79-c354a40fa756","word":"soak","definition":"To make thoroughly wet by immersing in liquid.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"socian","root_meaning":"to steep, soak","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sūganą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soak","meaning":"To make thoroughly wet by immersing in liquid.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"soken","meaning":"to steep, soak","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"socian","meaning":"to steep, soak","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sūganą","meaning":"to suck, absorb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soaker","soggy","suck","absorb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"drench","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immerse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saturate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"20f7c7ed-30a0-4a09-b1ea-084004ee531c","word":"soap","definition":"A substance used with water for washing and cleaning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sāpe","root_meaning":"soap, salve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*saipō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soap","meaning":"A substance used with water for washing and cleaning.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sāpe","meaning":"soap, salve","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*saipō","meaning":"soap, resin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suds","saponify","lather","sebo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detergent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleanser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wash","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"1ddee13e-aa73-4a65-b980-494a9269e4f5","word":"sober","definition":"Not affected by alcohol; serious and sensible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sobrio","language_family":"latin","root":"sobrius","root_meaning":"not drunk, temperate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sober","meaning":"not drunk","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sobre","meaning":"sober","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sobrius","meaning":"not drunk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"se-","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ebrius","meaning":"drunk","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sobriety","soberly","unsober","sobering","oversóber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abstinent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"temperate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"serious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solemn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"ef460fd9-6f91-496f-9841-5591bc95f22e","word":"soccer","definition":"A team sport played with a spherical ball by two teams of eleven players.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"association","root_meaning":"association football","root_language":"English","root_era":"1880s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soccer","meaning":"association football","children":[{"era":"1880s","word":"soccer","meaning":"association football","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"association","meaning":"group, society","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"assoc.","meaning":"abbreviated form","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soccer ball","footballer","soccer field","soccer goal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"football","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"association football","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"dc957f46-2d49-4330-9a76-f91cb7943054","word":"social","definition":"Relating to society or interactions between people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"social","language_family":"latin","root":"sociālis","root_meaning":"of or relating to companionship","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"social","meaning":"relating to society and human interaction","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"social","meaning":"relating to society","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sociālis","meaning":"of companionship, allied","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"socius","meaning":"companion, ally","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["society","associate","sociable","sociology","unsocial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"communal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"collective","formality":"formal"},{"word":"friendly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"interpersonal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.877Z"}
{"id":"8a0a0160-8d45-4e9b-af9b-4ec4e20f0630","word":"socialism","definition":"An economic and political system that favors collective or state ownership and control of production.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"socialismo","language_family":"latin","root":"socius","root_meaning":"companion, ally","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"socialism","meaning":"an economic and political system based on collective or state ownership and control of production","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"social","meaning":"relating to companionship or society","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sociālis","meaning":"of companionship or fellowship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"socius","meaning":"companion, ally","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ism","meaning":"noun-forming suffix denoting doctrine or practice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["social","socialist","socialistic","socialize","socialization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collectivism","formality":"formal"},{"word":"communism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statism","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"d6e30c01-be7a-4441-82c0-ef8b5cb75cb7","word":"society","definition":"A group of people living together in an organized community; or the aggregate of people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sociedad","language_family":"latin","root":"societas","root_meaning":"companionship or association","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"society","meaning":"organized community of people","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"societie","meaning":"companionship or association","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"societe","meaning":"fellowship or companionship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"societas","meaning":"companionship or partnership","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"socius","meaning":"companion or ally","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["societies","social","socialize","sociable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"civilization","formality":"formal"},{"word":"association","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"8f5fe93f-440e-42f4-a17a-161e31278e9a","word":"sociology","definition":"The systematic study of human society, its development, structure, and functioning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sociología","language_family":"latin","root":"socius","root_meaning":"companion, associate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sociology","meaning":"The study of society","children":[{"era":"1838","word":"sociologie","meaning":"study of society","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"socius","meaning":"companion, associate","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"logia","meaning":"study of","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["social","society","associate","logic","socioeconomic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"social science","formality":"technical"},{"word":"demography","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ethnography","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"a0db38e7-b2ef-415b-92bb-95b04ac414a0","word":"socket","definition":"A hollow or concave part or opening into which something fits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"socc","root_meaning":"plowshare, sock","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sukka","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"socket","meaning":"a hollow part","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"soket","meaning":"a small sock or shoe, or a hollow thing","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"soc","meaning":"sock, plowshare","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sukka","meaning":"sock","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sock","socle","socage","plug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"receptacle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cavity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"53d8353a-408f-4556-a225-d3e25c4c6417","word":"sod","definition":"The surface layer of ground with grass growing on it; turf.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sode","root_meaning":"turf, piece of earth","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sod","meaning":"turf","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sodde","meaning":"turf","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sode","meaning":"turf, peat","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turf","grass","lawn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"turf","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lawn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"9f74b838-7550-49bd-a405-c8874be38aaf","word":"soda","definition":"Any of various compounds containing sodium, especially sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"soda","language_family":"other","root":"suwwād","root_meaning":"salsola soda plant","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soda","meaning":"sodium compound","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"soda","meaning":"soda ash","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sūda","meaning":"saltwort","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"suwwād","meaning":"a type of saltwort plant","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sodium","caustic","hydroxide","carbonate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alkali","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bicarbonate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"carbonate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"1a49be7a-de12-4cbc-acea-fc764a6194d5","word":"sodium","definition":"A soft, silvery-white, highly reactive alkali metal element.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sodio","language_family":"other","root":"suwwad","root_meaning":"specific plant whose ashes yield soda","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"10th-13th Century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sodium","meaning":"A soft, silvery-white, highly reactive alkali metal element.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"sodium","meaning":"chemical element","children":[{"era":"10th-13th Century","word":"suwwad","meaning":"a plant whose ashes yield soda","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"soda","meaning":"soda ash","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soda","potash","sodium carbonate","bicarbonate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Na","formality":"technical"},{"word":"natrium","formality":"technical"},{"word":"alkali metal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"e4bf273b-3fc3-4677-87fe-5b3337e8dc13","word":"sofa","definition":"A long upholstered seat with a back and arms for two or more people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sofá","language_family":"other","root":"ṣuffa","root_meaning":"long bench, dais","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"~800 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~800 AD","word":"ṣuffa","meaning":"Raised platform covered with carpets.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sofa","meaning":"Raised sitting platform.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"sofa","meaning":"Upholstered couch.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"sofá","meaning":"Sofa.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"Arabic"},"related_words":["couch","divan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"couch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settee","formality":"formal"},{"word":"davenport","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"0e23de97-e9f1-4744-8e9e-31a38e0e333b","word":"soft","definition":"Having a smooth, yielding texture or surface; not hard or firm.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"soft","root_meaning":"easily yielding to pressure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swp-to-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soft","meaning":"yielding to pressure, not hard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"soft","meaning":"soft, easily yielding","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"softe","meaning":"soft, gentle","children":[{"era":"1000 BCE","word":"*swp-to-","meaning":"soft, smooth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soften","softly","softness","software"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gentle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yielding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.650Z"}
{"id":"dafe3acd-8663-4409-84e4-c7c74f5c1682","word":"softball","definition":"A game similar to baseball but played with a larger, softer ball and a smaller field.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sōfte","root_meaning":"soft","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*semftaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"softball","meaning":"a game","children":[{"era":"Old English","word":"soft","meaning":"yielding to pressure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sōfte","meaning":"soft","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"ball","meaning":"round object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beall","meaning":"ball","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soft","ball","soften","ballgame"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slow-pitch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fast-pitch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diamond sport","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"be3caf8f-6a24-4eea-adf1-a347c2f4eb60","word":"software","definition":"Computer programs and operating systems that run on electronic devices.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"soft","root_meaning":"easily yielding to pressure; not hard","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1960s","word":"software","meaning":"computer programs and operating systems","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"soft","meaning":"yielding, not hard","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["software","hardsoft","softwarev","soft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"programs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"applications","formality":"technical"},{"word":"code","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"dcf84807-6e26-4ee6-b311-81076629c036","word":"soho","definition":"An interjection used as a hunting cry or call to attract attention.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"so-ho","root_meaning":"a hunting cry or call for attention","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soho","meaning":"a hunting cry or call to attract attention","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"so-ho","meaning":"a cry used to urge a hunt or draw notice","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["halloo","holla","ho","Soho"],"synonyms":[{"word":"halloo","formality":"literary"},{"word":"holla","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hey","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"1e5a8cc1-95c2-45ea-b647-64a77969e68a","word":"soil","definition":"The upper layer of earth in which plants grow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suelo","language_family":"french","root":"solum","root_meaning":"ground, bottom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soil","meaning":"The upper layer of earth in which plants grow.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"soil","meaning":"ground, earth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solum","meaning":"ground, bottom, foundation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sol-","meaning":"sole, foot, ground","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sole","solstice","consolidate","subsoil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dirt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ground","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"eb9c4cea-b1ea-4e1e-ad40-ea2992117a41","word":"sol","definition":"The sun, especially when personified as a god.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sol","language_family":"latin","root":"sol","root_meaning":"sun","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₂wol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sol","meaning":"the sun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sol","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solar","solstice","parasol","insolation","Sol"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sun","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"star","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orb","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"fbd34dcc-f715-467c-b697-a2b9a94f757c","word":"solar","definition":"Of, relating to, or determined by the sun.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"solar","language_family":"latin","root":"solaris","root_meaning":"of the sun","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seh₂wol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solar","meaning":"of the sun","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"solar","meaning":"of the sun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solaris","meaning":"of the sun","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sol","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sun","solstice","parasol","solarium","insolation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heliacal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sun-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sunlit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"19a8725f-3c1a-45a2-b1f8-3a7b38e4b1bc","word":"sold","definition":"Past tense and past participle of sell; exchanged goods or services for money.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sellan","root_meaning":"to give, deliver","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sold","meaning":"exchanged for money","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sell","meaning":"to give in exchange for money","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sellan","meaning":"to give, deliver, hand over","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sel-","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sell","sale","seller","selling","unsold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vended","formality":"formal"},{"word":"traded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disposed of","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"938a6a55-f120-45f7-b65a-71d26a28de1e","word":"soldier","definition":"A person who serves in an army as a member of the armed forces.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"soldado","language_family":"french","root":"soudier","root_meaning":"one who serves for pay","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soldier","meaning":"armed forces member","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"soudier / soldier","meaning":"mercenary, one paid in soldi","children":[{"era":"400s–600s","word":"solidus","meaning":"Roman gold coin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solidus","meaning":"solid, whole; a gold coin","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English via Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soldiery","soldiering","solidus","solid","soldado"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warrior","formality":"literary"},{"word":"combatant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trooper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grunt","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"2c2f6b16-3aa6-4fc9-961d-3245854f8310","word":"sole","definition":"One and only; only.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"solo","language_family":"latin","root":"solus","root_meaning":"alone, only","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sole","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"sole","meaning":"alone, only","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solus","meaning":"alone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solitude","solitary","solo","desolate","singly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"only","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"single","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exclusive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"0dd05a27-4c58-4aad-8775-885e8af58c06","word":"solely","definition":"Only; exclusively; alone.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"solamente","language_family":"latin","root":"solus","root_meaning":"alone, only","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solely","meaning":"Only; exclusively","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"sole","meaning":"only, unique","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solus","meaning":"alone, only","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sole","solitary","solitude","solo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"only","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exclusively","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uniquely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"9ad17572-a130-4507-a5df-0a33060d8b24","word":"solemnly","definition":"Solemnly means in a serious, formal, or ceremonious manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"solemne","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin sollemnis","root_meaning":"annual, appointed; formal, ceremonial","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solemnly","meaning":"in a serious, formal, or ceremonious manner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"solemn","meaning":"serious, formal, ceremonious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sollemnis","meaning":"annual, appointed; ceremonial","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solemn","solemnity","solemnize","solemnization","solemnness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gravely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seriously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earnestly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ceremoniously","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:30:54.768Z"}
{"id":"2a692b9a-2738-4a54-8501-2ab999ec0eb1","word":"solicitor","definition":"A solicitor is a lawyer who advises clients and, in some jurisdictions, handles legal transactions and case preparation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"solicitar","language_family":"latin","root":"sollicitāre","root_meaning":"to disturb, urge, agitate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solicitor","meaning":"a lawyer in certain legal systems","children":[{"era":"current","word":"solicit","meaning":"to ask for or seek something; to urge","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Old French solliciter","meaning":"to urge, solicit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin sollicitāre","meaning":"to disturb, move, urge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solicit","solicitation","solicitous","solicitude","solicitously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawyer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attorney","formality":"formal"},{"word":"counsel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"6956c065-1b7b-4a45-9da0-8555da6303b0","word":"solid","definition":"Firm, stable, and not liquid or gaseous; strong and reliable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sólido","language_family":"latin","root":"solidus","root_meaning":"firm, strong, whole","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"solid","meaning":"firm, not liquid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solidus","meaning":"firm, strong, whole","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*swel-","meaning":"to swell, to flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["solidarity","solidify","solidness","consolidate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substantial","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"9b816f91-a0ff-4f89-bd58-c692f5e8f645","word":"solidarity","definition":"Unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among people with shared interests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"solidaridad","language_family":"latin","root":"solidus","root_meaning":"whole, firm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solidarity","meaning":"unity or agreement of action","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"solidarité","meaning":"mutual responsibility; unity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solidus","meaning":"whole, firm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solid","solidity","solidify","consolidate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accord","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fellowship","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"c112138c-d47d-4f02-a059-2b1d86365df7","word":"soliloquy","definition":"A speech in which a character expresses thoughts aloud while alone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"soliloquio","language_family":"latin","root":"soliloquium","root_meaning":"a talking to oneself","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"~400 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~100 BC","word":"solus + loqui","meaning":"Alone + to speak.","children":[{"era":"~400 AD","word":"soliloquium","meaning":"Solitary speech (coined by Augustine).","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"soliloquy","meaning":"Dramatic speech alone on stage.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"soliloquio","meaning":"Soliloquy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["soliloquize","monologue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monologue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aside","formality":"formal"},{"word":"self-talk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"355ab232-704c-4777-967d-3c8857a4bc46","word":"solitary","definition":"Done or existing alone.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"solitario","language_family":"latin","root":"solitarius","root_meaning":"alone, lonely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solitary","meaning":"alone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solitarius","meaning":"alone, lonely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solus","meaning":"alone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solitude","solo","desolate","isolate","lonesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"isolated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hermitic","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"1137ce3a-db16-4c76-8b37-1ef736e0f2a3","word":"solitude","definition":"Solitude is the state of being alone or separated from others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"soledad","language_family":"latin","root":"solus","root_meaning":"alone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solitude","meaning":"the state of being alone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solitudo","meaning":"loneliness; seclusion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solus","meaning":"alone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solitary","soliloquy","desolate","desolation","isolation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seclusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"isolation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loneliness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"privacy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"7a1a0267-a1b7-4eef-abe8-6079b6c81145","word":"solo","definition":"Done by one person alone; unaccompanied.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"solo","language_family":"latin","root":"sōlus","root_meaning":"alone, only","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solo","meaning":"alone","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"solo","meaning":"alone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sōlus","meaning":"alone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solitude","desolate","solitary","isolation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unaccompanied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"9a497991-0b1a-4332-b54b-ea0e5aa6a196","word":"solution","definition":"A liquid mixture in which a solute is dissolved; also, a method or process of solving.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"solución","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin solutio","root_meaning":"a loosening, unfastening","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leud- (to loosen)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Solution","meaning":"means of solving; liquid mixture","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"solution","meaning":"a breaking up, solving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solutio","meaning":"a loosening, unfastening","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solve","solvent","soluble","dissolution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"answer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remedy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"037f21b1-a713-40e0-a856-d221d25477d3","word":"solutions","definition":"Answers to problems or liquid mixtures where a substance is dissolved.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"soluciones","language_family":"latin","root":"solvere","root_meaning":"to loosen, dissolve, break up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solutions","meaning":"answers or dissolved mixtures","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"solution","meaning":"the act of solving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solutio","meaning":"a loosening, dissolving","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solve","solvent","soluble","dissolution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"answers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remedies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"resolutions","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"b0aa901f-f639-4739-bb37-295c30690a3e","word":"solve","definition":"To find an answer to, explanation for, or means of effectively dealing with (a problem or mystery).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"soltar","language_family":"latin","root":"solvere","root_meaning":"to loosen, release, untie","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"solve","meaning":"to find an answer or explanation","children":[{"era":"15th C","word":"solve","meaning":"to explain, interpret","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"solvere","meaning":"to loosen, untie, release, explain","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*leu-","meaning":"to loosen, cut apart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["solution","absolute","dissolve","resolve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resolve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure out","formality":"informal"},{"word":"explain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"6fcde498-797f-4e9d-a649-7f09202ecc54","word":"soma","definition":"The body of a person, animal, or plant, distinct from the soul, mind, or germ cells.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"soma","language_family":"greek","root":"sōma","root_meaning":"body","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soma","meaning":"The body","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sōma","meaning":"body","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["psychosomatic","chromosome","ribosome","somatics","somatic","genome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"body","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corpus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"physique","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"4d98518f-a16c-4ff5-81cd-d7f2cb14541e","word":"some","definition":"An unspecified amount or number of something; a certain but not specified.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sum","root_meaning":"some","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*som-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"some","meaning":"unspecified amount","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum, sume","meaning":"some","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*soma-","meaning":"some","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["someone","something","somewhat","sum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"a few","formality":"informal"},{"word":"certain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"an amount of","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"1aa0e541-ec41-4d8f-ae0c-224cce0db78e","word":"somebody","definition":"An unknown or unspecified person.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sum + bodig","root_meaning":"some + body","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"somebody","meaning":"an unspecified person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sum body","meaning":"some person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum","meaning":"some","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bodig","meaning":"body, person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["something","anyone","nobody","everybody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"someone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"a person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"an individual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"a soul","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"a4fcddad-a196-4039-8086-6d2188cf84aa","word":"someday","definition":"At some unspecified time in the future.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"some + day","root_meaning":"indeterminate + period of 24 hours","root_language":"English","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"someday","meaning":"at an unspecified future time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"some","meaning":"an indefinite quantity","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sumaz","meaning":"some","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one, together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"day","meaning":"period of 24 hours","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dagaz","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sometime","any day","everyday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eventually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"one day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hereafter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"e9b7d026-4e03-4eda-9496-184ad636df44","word":"somehow","definition":"In one way or another; by some means.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sum + hū","root_meaning":"some + how","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"somehow","meaning":"In one way or another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"some","meaning":"some","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum","meaning":"some, a certain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sumaz","meaning":"some, a certain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one, as one","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"how","meaning":"how","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hū","meaning":"how","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hwō","meaning":"how","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kwo-","meaning":"stem of relative and interrogative pronouns","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["something","someone","anywhere","anyway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anyhow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in some way","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"by some means","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"by hook or by crook","formality":"idiomatic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"17fe1bec-ae95-4a7a-9863-dc4cfe27f094","word":"someone","definition":"An unspecified or unknown person; some person.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sum + man","root_meaning":"some + person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"someone","meaning":"an unspecified person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"some + one","meaning":"some person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum","meaning":"some, a certain","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one, same","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["some","anybody","somebody"],"synonyms":[{"word":"somebody","formality":"informal"},{"word":"a person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"an individual","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"3e5f904e-36f8-40fb-8bc1-e45f2bbe9656","word":"something","definition":"An unspecified or unknown thing; a matter of importance or consequence.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"some + thing","root_meaning":"certain amount + object or matter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"something","meaning":"an unspecified thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"some","meaning":"a certain amount or number","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thing","meaning":"object, matter, or entity","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["some","thing","anything","everything"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anything","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"object","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stuff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.112Z"}
{"id":"4ab825c8-05a3-4559-bcf0-3d740c523204","word":"sometime","definition":"At an indefinite or unstated time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sumtime","root_meaning":"some time","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sometime","meaning":"at an indefinite time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum","meaning":"some","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*sem-","meaning":"one, together","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tima","meaning":"time","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*tīmōną","meaning":"time, season","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sometimes","some","time","anytime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"formerly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"previously","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"earlier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"once","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"5ede1afd-6afc-40f7-9b0f-b7f9dc0e466d","word":"sometimes","definition":"At intervals; on some occasions but not always.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sum + times","root_meaning":"some + occasions","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sometimes","meaning":"at intervals, occasionally","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"some times","meaning":"some occasions","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum","meaning":"some","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tīma","meaning":"time, season, occasion","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["some","time","sometime","sometimes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occasionally","formality":"formal"},{"word":"at times","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"now and then","formality":"informal"},{"word":"periodically","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"67311e81-2771-427c-9fdf-bf9b3f776063","word":"somewhat","definition":"To some extent; a little.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sumhwat","root_meaning":"something, a certain amount","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"somewhat","meaning":"to a certain degree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sumhwat","meaning":"something, a certain amount","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum","meaning":"some","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwæt","meaning":"what","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["something","anywhere","somebody","somehow","sometime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slightly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fairly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"a bit","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"e939c537-5872-4fcd-b7da-2edfc791ec47","word":"somewhere","definition":"In or to an unspecified or unknown place.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sumhwær","root_meaning":"someplace","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sumiz + *hwar","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"somewhere","meaning":"in an unknown place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"somewhere","meaning":"someplace","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sumhwær","meaning":"someplace","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sum","meaning":"some","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwær","meaning":"where","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["anyhow","elsewhere","nowhere","everywhere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unspecified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yonder","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"around","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vaguely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"9b2cc740-c669-4de3-a10c-146c7277fda6","word":"son","definition":"A male child in relation to his parents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"son","language_family":"germanic","root":"sunu","root_meaning":"son, male child","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sunu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"son","meaning":"male child","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"son","meaning":"male child","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"sunu","meaning":"son","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sonny","grandson","stepson"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"male child","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"32c39703-849e-4053-a38e-6e61156d0f46","word":"song","definition":"A short piece of music with words that are typically sung.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sang","root_meaning":"a singing or melody","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sengh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"song","meaning":"a musical composition with lyrics","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"song","meaning":"singing, melody","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *sangaz","meaning":"singing, song","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["singer","sing","songbird","songs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tune","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"melody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ballad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"cb4147ac-86f5-4cb8-b366-0ae8c25705ac","word":"songs","definition":"Plural of song; compositions of words and music intended to be sung.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"canciones","language_family":"germanic","root":"sang","root_meaning":"to sing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sengʰ- (to sing, recite)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"songs","meaning":"musical compositions","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"song","meaning":"music, singing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sang","meaning":"to sing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["song","singer","singing","songbird","songwriting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"melodies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tunes","formality":"informal"},{"word":"compositions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pieces","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"93558799-efaa-4def-892b-6227fde7c0e0","word":"sonic","definition":"Relating to or involving sound waves.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sónico","language_family":"latin","root":"sonus","root_meaning":"sound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sonic","meaning":"related to sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sonus","meaning":"sound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sound","resonate","supersonic","ultrasonic","sonata"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acoustic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"auditory","formality":"technical"},{"word":"aural","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"57cc4bc9-90c9-46d6-9c3e-04d3c343a148","word":"sonny","definition":"Used as an informal term of address for a boy or young man.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sunu","root_meaning":"son","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*sunu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sonny","meaning":"informal term for a boy or young man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"son","meaning":"male child","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"sunu","meaning":"son","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["son","daughter","sibling","parent","nephew"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lad","formality":"informal"},{"word":"boy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kid","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"c4805f7d-1d0b-43c9-960b-aed2ca436c08","word":"sony","definition":"A Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation known for electronics, entertainment, and gaming products.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"sonus","root_meaning":"sound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1946","word":"sony","meaning":"electronics and entertainment company","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sonus","meaning":"sound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sonic","sound","resonance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corporation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conglomerate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"c6bc7183-48bb-4f7b-8661-134f2cf96a81","word":"soon","definition":"In the near future or after a short time.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sōn","root_meaning":"immediately, at once","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sēnoz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soon","meaning":"in the near future","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sōn","meaning":"immediately, at once","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*sēnoz","meaning":"visible, apparent","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sooner","soonest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shortly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"before long","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"24411702-c0be-4089-a0a4-d52525c6a917","word":"soothe","definition":"To soothe is to calm, comfort, or reduce pain or distress.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sōþian","root_meaning":"to confirm true; to make right or calm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soothe","meaning":"to calm, comfort, or reduce pain or distress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sōþian","meaning":"to confirm true; later, to appease or calm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sōþ","meaning":"truth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sooth","soothing","soothed","soothingly","soothsayer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comfort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"placate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"9981dd5e-ee53-42a9-8189-7dd8bdbccb4e","word":"sophisticate","definition":"To make something more complex, refined, or intricate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sofisticar","language_family":"greek","root":"sophistēs","root_meaning":"wise, skillful (often implying deceptive)","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sebh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sophisticate","meaning":"to make complex/refined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sophisticate","meaning":"to tamper with, mislead","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sophista","meaning":"sophist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sophistēs (σοφιστής)","meaning":"master of one's craft, wise man (often with negative connotations)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sophist","philosophy","sophisticated","sophism","unsophisticated"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elaborate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"complicate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"0d00cee5-d129-4565-aef4-135ec297d222","word":"sora","definition":"A small North American rail, Porzana carolina.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sora","meaning":"a small North American rail","children":[{"era":"pre-1800s","word":"uncertain Indigenous source","meaning":"term attested in Virginia; source language uncertain","children":[],"language":"Indigenous American language"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soras","sora rail","sora crake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waterbird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"7a947593-145b-46f6-82ad-77bdfc898c0d","word":"sorcerer","definition":"A sorcerer is a man who is believed to practice magic through spells or supernatural powers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"sortiarius","root_meaning":"of casting lots; magical or divinatory","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sorcerer","meaning":"a male magic user","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sorcerer","meaning":"a practitioner of magic","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sorcier","meaning":"wizard; sorcerer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sortiarius","meaning":"one who casts lots; fortune-teller","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sors","meaning":"lot, fate, or destiny","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sorcery","sorceress","sorcerous","sorcerousness","enchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wizard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magician","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enchanter","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"885ffebd-474b-44d1-8ebb-93bf17de0fd7","word":"sordid","definition":"Morally dirty, squalid, or contemptible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sórdido","language_family":"latin","root":"sordes","root_meaning":"dirt; filth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sordid","meaning":"Morally dirty, squalid, or contemptible.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sordide","meaning":"An earlier English form borrowed from Latin or French.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sordidus","meaning":"dirty; filthy; foul.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sordes","meaning":"dirt; filth; foulness.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sordes","sordidly","sordidness","sordidity","sordidnesses"],"synonyms":[{"word":"squalid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seedy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"seamy","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"d508c801-acf0-41e6-ae17-a5a9f1bbb322","word":"sore","definition":"Painful or aching, especially as a result of injury or overuse.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sār","root_meaning":"painful, wounded","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*saiwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sore","meaning":"painful or aching","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sār","meaning":"painful, grievous, wounding","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*saiwaz","meaning":"suffering, sickness, wound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sorrow","sorry","wound","hurt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"painful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"b3dfba88-29ee-47d4-bb9f-b9d65c7be461","word":"sorority","definition":"A women's social organization, especially a college fraternity for women.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sororidad","language_family":"latin","root":"soror","root_meaning":"sister","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swésōr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sorority","meaning":"a women's social organization or sisterhood","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sororitas","meaning":"sisterhood","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"soror","meaning":"sister","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*swésōr","meaning":"sister","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Renaissance Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soror","sororal","sororicide","sororities","sororate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sisterhood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"women's fraternity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"women's society","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"6363888f-c7ea-4bea-9e8b-1e8c5a64911b","word":"sorrow","definition":"A feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other misfortune suffered by oneself or others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sorh","root_meaning":"grief, regret, anxiety","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swergʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sorrow","meaning":"grief, regret","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sorwe","meaning":"grief, regret","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sorh","meaning":"grief, regret, anxiety","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sorgō","meaning":"worry, care, sorrow","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*swergʰ-","meaning":"to worry, to be ill, to ache","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sorry","sorge","sorg","sorrowful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grief","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sadness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"woe","formality":"literary"},{"word":"distress","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"9bd886ac-10a7-47aa-b83e-d27679ee5cef","word":"sorry","definition":"Feeling or expressing regret, sympathy, or apology.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sár","root_meaning":"pain, sore","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sairaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sorry","meaning":"feeling regret or sympathy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sory","meaning":"painful, sorrowful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sarig","meaning":"sore, painful","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sorrow","sorrowful","sorrier","sore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apologetic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regretful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remorseful","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"836e5c82-22c8-4a99-96c5-1bd6c963da70","word":"sort","definition":"A type or kind of something; to arrange or organize by category.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suerte","language_family":"latin","root":"sors","root_meaning":"fate, lot, kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sort","meaning":"type, kind","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sort","meaning":"lot, kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sors","meaning":"fate, lot","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sorted","sorting","assort","resort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"type","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"variety","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"7f4ea884-02ac-4822-ac25-f879ee28fe30","word":"sorted","definition":"Past tense of sort; arranged or classified into groups or categories.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"surtido","language_family":"latin","root":"sors","root_meaning":"lot; kind; fate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sorted","meaning":"classified or arranged (past tense)","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sort","meaning":"to arrange; to classify","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sorte","meaning":"lot; kind; manner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sors","meaning":"lot; fate; kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sort","sorting","assorted","sorter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arranged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classified","formality":"formal"},{"word":"categorized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"organized","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"ecf52d05-292d-4e0f-869a-f16b6e02d671","word":"soul","definition":"The spiritual or immaterial essence of a person, often believed to survive after death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sawol","root_meaning":"spiritual essence, life principle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*saiw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soul","meaning":"spiritual essence of a person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sawol","meaning":"spiritual essence, life","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*saiw-","meaning":"to soak, to bind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soulful","souled","soul-searching","soulmater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"psyche","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inner being","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"12e61e4c-9ee1-43c5-92e9-c971ea179558","word":"sound","definition":"Vibrations transmitted through air or another medium that are perceived by the ear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sonido","language_family":"latin","root":"sonus","root_meaning":"noise, tone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sound","meaning":"vibrations perceived by ear","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"soun","meaning":"noise or tone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sonus","meaning":"noise, tone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sonic","sonorous","resound","assonance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"audio","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"f20f63dc-c837-4537-ac9f-0f2b23cdaa44","word":"sounds","definition":"Vibrations traveling through air, water, or other media that can be heard by the ear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sonidos","language_family":"latin","root":"sonus","root_meaning":"sound, noise, tone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sounds","meaning":"audible vibrations","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sound","meaning":"noise, vibration heard by ear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sonus","meaning":"sound, noise, tone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sound","sonic","sonics","sonorous","resonance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"noises","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tones","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"audio","formality":"technical"},{"word":"acoustics","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"0555c734-0251-40e8-b73e-f783c2dc5c41","word":"soundtrack","definition":"The recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, drama, or game.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sound, track","root_meaning":"something heard, path/course","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soundtrack","meaning":"recorded music for a film","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sound","meaning":"noise, tone","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"track","meaning":"footprint, path","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sound","track","record","score","audio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"score","formality":"technical"},{"word":"music","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accompaniment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"721acd77-d8ba-4e05-969c-c9a9756f2121","word":"soup","definition":"A liquid dish, typically made by boiling meat, fish, or vegetables with various added ingredients.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sopa","language_family":"germanic","root":"suppa","root_meaning":"broth, soaked bread","root_language":"Proto-Germanic (via Vulgar Latin)","root_era":"300s-400s","proto_root":"*sup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soup","meaning":"liquid food dish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"souppe","meaning":"soup, broth","children":[{"era":"300s-400s","word":"suppa","meaning":"broth, soaked bread","children":[{"era":"pre-400s","word":"*supp-","meaning":"liquid to eat, soaked bread","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supper","sop","souse","sup","bouillon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"broth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consommé","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stew","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"8b285e36-774a-43a6-8db2-74935e8f94d0","word":"sour","definition":"Having an acidic taste like that of lemon or vinegar.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sur","root_meaning":"sour, bitter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sūros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sour","meaning":"having an acidic taste","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sur","meaning":"sour","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sur","meaning":"sour","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sūraz","meaning":"sour","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sorrel","sauerkraut","sullen","surly","sourness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bitter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pungent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"2714b897-6d63-4024-9e28-fe054236e68d","word":"source","definition":"The origin or place from which something comes or is obtained.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuente","language_family":"latin","root":"surgere","root_meaning":"to rise, to spring up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*swerǵh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"source","meaning":"origin, place of origin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sourse","meaning":"spring, fountain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"surgere","meaning":"to rise, to spring up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["sourcing","resource","resurgence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"origin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beginning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fountain","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"c029a6ee-8762-40b3-a3df-8d4129413a26","word":"sources","definition":"Origins or points from which something comes; documents or references providing information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fuentes","language_family":"latin","root":"surgere","root_meaning":"to rise, spring up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*serg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sources","meaning":"origins, references","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"source","meaning":"a spring, origin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sourse","meaning":"spring, source","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"surgere","meaning":"to rise, spring up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["source","resource","sourcing","resourceful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"origins","formality":"formal"},{"word":"references","formality":"formal"},{"word":"beginnings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authorities","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"ce85e55d-67aa-4cda-824e-35764165dd18","word":"south","definition":"The cardinal direction opposite to north, typically toward the equator.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sur","language_family":"germanic","root":"sūth","root_meaning":"southern, right side","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"south","meaning":"direction toward equator","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sūth","meaning":"south","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*swen-","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["southern","southward","southeast","southwest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"southward","formality":"formal"},{"word":"meridional","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"98b0cf8f-c78d-4c73-ae42-64cda6f774d4","word":"southeast","definition":"The direction halfway between south and east.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sureste","language_family":"germanic","root":"sūth, ēast","root_meaning":"direction opposite north; direction of sunrise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seut-, *aus-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"southeast","meaning":"direction halfway between south and east","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sūthēast","meaning":"south-east","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sūth","meaning":"south","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ēast","meaning":"east","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["south","east","southwest","northeast","easterly","southerly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"southeastern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"SE","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"09b0189e-44a8-4360-9509-87f8d7699985","word":"southern","definition":"Of, relating to, or located in the south.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"south","root_meaning":"the cardinal direction opposite north","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sunth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"southern","meaning":"of or relating to the south","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"south","meaning":"the direction of the sun at noon","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"sūth","meaning":"south, sunny side","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["south","southerner","southward","southerly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meridional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"austral","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"d5c98ffe-de1b-4e9c-9b13-0f2311ffc7e3","word":"southwest","definition":"The direction or region midway between south and west.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suroeste","language_family":"germanic","root":"suth + west","root_meaning":"south + west","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sunþraz + *westraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"southwest","meaning":"direction between south and west","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sūþwest","meaning":"south + west","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sūþ","meaning":"south","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"west","meaning":"west","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["south","west","southeast","northwester"],"synonyms":[{"word":"SW","formality":"technical"},{"word":"southwestern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occidental","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"99fea843-ca10-4e29-9a65-77121f0e4791","word":"souvenir","definition":"A thing kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"subvenire","root_meaning":"to come to mind, remember","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"souvenir","meaning":"a reminder of an event or place","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"souvenir","meaning":"to remember","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subvenire","meaning":"to come to mind, remember","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subvene","intervene","prevent","event"],"synonyms":[{"word":"memento","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keepsake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remembrance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"b976594b-fa05-48ff-bbfc-718a0a157229","word":"sovereign","definition":"Having supreme authority or rank, or a ruler who possesses that authority.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"soberano","language_family":"french","root":"superānus","root_meaning":"above; chief; principal","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"late Latin","proto_root":"*uper","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sovereign","meaning":"supreme or ruling in authority","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sovereyn","meaning":"supreme, chief, or possessing authority","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"soverain","meaning":"highest, supreme, chief","children":[{"era":"late Latin","word":"*superānus","meaning":"chief, principal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"above, over","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sovereignty","suzerain","soprano","superior","supreme"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supreme","formality":"formal"},{"word":"paramount","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dominant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruling","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"5c658bbd-61d5-4e46-a13b-5e11d118f1d3","word":"sow","definition":"To sow is to scatter seeds on or into soil for growth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sāwan","root_meaning":"to sow, scatter seed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sow","meaning":"to scatter seed for planting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sāwan","meaning":"to sow, scatter seed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*saiwaną","meaning":"to sow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*seh₁-","meaning":"to sow, seed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sowed","sown","sowing","seed","seeding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broadcast","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"5f17bbc7-5542-470d-9443-08a3e0b1abba","word":"soy","definition":"A protein-rich food product derived from soybeans.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"shōyu","root_meaning":"soy sauce","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"soy","meaning":"food from soybeans","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"shōyu","meaning":"soy sauce","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soybean","tofu","edamame","miso","tempeh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legume","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"2ba6aea3-25e1-43c9-a2e2-748541957bba","word":"spa","definition":"A health resort with mineral springs, or a heated pool for relaxation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"spa","language_family":"other","root":"Spa","root_meaning":"town in Belgium known for mineral springs","root_language":"French/Walloon","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spa","meaning":"mineral spring resort or hot pool","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"spa","meaning":"health resort with mineral springs","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Spa","meaning":"town in Belgium famous for springs","children":[],"language":"Walloon"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spas","spa-like","hydrotherapy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hot spring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"health resort","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watering hole","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.601Z"}
{"id":"0111c0d2-0cdb-46f6-be6c-2144a6986bc6","word":"space","definition":"The vast expanse in which all things exist and move; or an area or interval.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espacio","language_family":"latin","root":"spatium","root_meaning":"extent or distance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"space","meaning":"expanse or interval","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"space","meaning":"area or interval","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"espace","meaning":"distance or extent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spatium","meaning":"extent or distance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spaces","spatial","spacing","spacecraft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expanse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interval","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"514a3cbb-e690-40d6-9689-3635abecd2c9","word":"spade","definition":"A spade is a digging tool with a flat blade and a handle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *spadō","root_meaning":"spade, shovel","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spade","meaning":"a digging tool with a flat blade and a handle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spad(e)","meaning":"spade, shovel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*spadō","meaning":"spade, shovel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spadeful","spadework","spaded","spade-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shovel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"digging implement","formality":"technical"},{"word":"digging tool","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"ff273002-8be3-4b41-a1cc-469e28cb2790","word":"spaghetti","definition":"Pasta in the form of long, thin strings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espagueti","language_family":"latin","root":"spago","root_meaning":"string, twine","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spaghetti","meaning":"long, thin pasta","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"spaghetti","meaning":"small strings (plural of spaghetto)","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"spaghetto","meaning":"diminutive of spago","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"spago","meaning":"string, twine","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["string","twine","spag","spaghetti western"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pasta","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noodles","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"c96ccbfb-aa6d-45ef-826a-211ac07e8979","word":"spain","definition":"A country located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"España","language_family":"latin","root":"Hispania","root_meaning":"land of rabbits","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Spain","meaning":"Iberian Peninsula nation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Spain","meaning":"country in southwest Europe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Hispania","meaning":"Roman province, land of rabbits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Hispanus","meaning":"rabbit-related","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Spanish","Spaniard","Iberia","Iberian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Hispania","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"The Iberian nation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"523c6ec6-b8eb-4ef7-ba4b-999c0f5ce57b","word":"spam","definition":"Unsolicited or irrelevant messages sent in bulk, especially over email or the internet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Spam","root_meaning":"brand name for canned meat product; popularized by Monty Python sketch","root_language":"English (neologism)","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spam","meaning":"unsolicited bulk messages","children":[{"era":"1970s-1980s","word":"spam","meaning":"unsolicited email; coined from Monty Python sketch","children":[{"era":"1937","word":"Spam","meaning":"brand name for spiced canned meat product","children":[{"era":"1937","word":"spiced ham","meaning":"canned meat product","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spammer","spamming","spammed","junk mail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"junk mail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unsolicited email","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bulk messages","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phishing","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"8fb6afa2-3f02-4d78-a681-1896c23c2ede","word":"span","definition":"The full extent of something from end to end; a period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spannan","root_meaning":"to fasten, to stretch, a measure","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spannan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"span","meaning":"extent or duration","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spannan","meaning":"to fasten, stretch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["expand","lifespan","handspan","fathom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duration","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"ad0119a5-6a7e-437c-bcad-16746f52a170","word":"spanish","definition":"Relating to Spain, its people, language, or culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"español","language_family":"latin","root":"Hispania","root_meaning":"the Iberian Peninsula","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Spanish","meaning":"of Spain","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Spanish","meaning":"of Spain","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Spaine","meaning":"Spain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Hispania","meaning":"the Iberian Peninsula","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Spain","Spaniard","Castilian","Iberian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Iberian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Castilian","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.791Z"}
{"id":"75cc1785-cdb8-4d0c-9801-4dfa6486bc1c","word":"spank","definition":"To hit someone, especially a child, on the buttocks with an open hand as a punishment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"spank","root_meaning":"hit with an open hand","root_language":"English (onomatopoeic)","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spank","meaning":"to hit on the buttocks","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"(imitative)","meaning":"sound of a slap","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spanking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paddle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"5f70c9be-a8e9-4350-9924-2bbd8156ff0c","word":"spar","definition":"To engage in a practice fight, especially as a warm-up.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sparran","root_meaning":"to argue, to strike","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*sper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spar","meaning":"To practice fight","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sparran","meaning":"to argue, to strike","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sper-","meaning":"to thrust, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sparring","dispute","spat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrimmage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"4d5d84ed-46e8-48b8-baae-c833c367b44a","word":"spare","definition":"Additional to what is required for ordinary use; kept in reserve.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sparian","root_meaning":"to save, preserve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sparjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spare","meaning":"additional, in reserve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sparian","meaning":"to spare, save, preserve","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sparjan-","meaning":"to spare, save","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*sper-","meaning":"to strew, scatter, sow","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sparing","unsparing","sparely","sparer","preparedness","reserve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extra","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reserve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surplus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"be41c8a1-cb0f-498a-8750-063bf4d0ad7b","word":"spark","definition":"A small fiery particle thrown off from a fire, firework, or electrical apparatus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*sparkaz","root_meaning":"spark","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sp(h)er(e)g-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spark","meaning":"a small fiery particle","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sparke","meaning":"spark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spearca","meaning":"spark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sparkaz","meaning":"spark","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sparkle","spatter","sprinkle","speak","disperse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glimmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"c0f1c762-d014-4eb9-8597-2def0ba1e801","word":"sparkle","definition":"To sparkle is to shine with small flashes of light or lively brilliance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spearca","root_meaning":"spark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sparkle","meaning":"shine with small flashes of light or lively brilliance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spark","meaning":"a small glowing particle or flash","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spearca","meaning":"spark","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle/Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spark","sparkly","sparkling","sparkler","sparkled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glimmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shimmer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twinkle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"3f9968b4-04c5-4d49-9080-a7f0fed170f4","word":"sparky","definition":"Lively, spirited, or bright with sparks.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spearca","root_meaning":"spark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sparkō-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sparky","meaning":"lively or bright with sparks","children":[{"era":"current","word":"spark","meaning":"a small fiery particle or flash","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spearca","meaning":"spark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sparkō-","meaning":"spark","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spark","sparkle","sparkling","sparkler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lively","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"energetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vivacious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"f5d30a13-b85b-4244-af99-f7482e6c60f3","word":"sparrow","definition":"A small passerine bird commonly found in towns, fields, and hedges.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spearwa","root_meaning":"sparrow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sparrow","meaning":"a small passerine bird","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spearwa","meaning":"sparrow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sparrowhawk","sparrowgrass","sparrowlike","sparrowy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"finch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"songbird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"3edcc08c-7e97-4c94-bdec-456cd9be6b09","word":"spartan","definition":"Severely simple, disciplined, or austere.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"espartano","language_family":"greek","root":"Sparta","root_meaning":"the city-state of Sparta","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spartan","meaning":"austere or disciplined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Spartanus","meaning":"of Sparta; Spartan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Spartiatēs","meaning":"a Spartan citizen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Sparta","meaning":"the city-state of Sparta","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Sparta","Spartan","spartanism","spartanly","spartiate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"austere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ascetic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"frugal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"2baaf5f0-029a-4ed9-9c84-6f3a6d5b012b","word":"spatial","definition":"Relating to or occupying space.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"espacial","language_family":"latin","root":"spatium","root_meaning":"space","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*speh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spatial","meaning":"relating to space","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"spatialis","meaning":"pertaining to space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spatium","meaning":"space, room","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["space","spacious","expand","expanse","spatium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"locational","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dimensional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"areal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"4a553d28-eb50-47a3-b522-2765576e195a","word":"speak","definition":"To say words aloud or engage in conversation with another person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sprecan","root_meaning":"to speak, utter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spreh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speak","meaning":"to utter words","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"speak","meaning":"to speak, utter","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"sprecan","meaning":"to speak, utter","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*spreh₂-","meaning":"to strew, scatter, speak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speaker","speaking","spoken","speech"],"synonyms":[{"word":"talk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"converse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"communicate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"utter","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"f7b353f0-96f0-42e5-b12c-b885820385b6","word":"speaker","definition":"A person who speaks or delivers speeches, or a device that produces sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"speak","root_meaning":"to utter words","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sprek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speaker","meaning":"one who speaks or sound-producing device","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"speak","meaning":"to utter words","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*sprek-","meaning":"to speak, scatter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix, one who does","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speak","speaking","speech","speaker's"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lecturer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presenter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loudspeaker","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.409Z"}
{"id":"8413aec9-c833-4090-85e5-e3ce598ed63b","word":"speakers","definition":"Persons who speak or devices that produce sound from electrical signals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"speak","root_meaning":"to utter words","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sprak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speakers","meaning":"persons who speak or sound devices","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"speaker","meaning":"one who speaks","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"speak","meaning":"to utter words, say","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speak","spoken","speaker","speaking","speech"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orators","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talkers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loudspeakers","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.937Z"}
{"id":"51fe37f9-d389-40f3-8bb6-0aef3355c095","word":"spear","definition":"A weapon with a long shaft and a pointed tip, used for thrusting or throwing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spere","root_meaning":"spear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spear","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spere","meaning":"spear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*speru","meaning":"spear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sper-","meaning":"to strew, spread","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spire","spurn","spearhead","sprinkle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"javelin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"86941c89-ebbb-4993-9270-9538530cead4","word":"special","definition":"Distinguished by some particular quality; not ordinary.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"especial","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin specialis","root_meaning":"of a particular kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"special","meaning":"distinguished, not ordinary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"special","meaning":"of a particular kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specialis","meaning":"of a particular kind, individual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"appearance, kind, type","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["specialty","specialist","specialize","especially","species"],"synonyms":[{"word":"particular","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unique","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distinctive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exceptional","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.891Z"}
{"id":"02068c3a-a923-43f4-ada0-aa6bcf558488","word":"specialist","definition":"A person who concentrates primarily on a particular subject or activity; an expert.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especialista","language_family":"latin","root":"specialis","root_meaning":"individual, particular, specific","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specialist","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"18th C","word":"spécialiste","meaning":"specialist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specialis","meaning":"individual, particular","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["special","specialty","specialize","species"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consultant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"master","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"0fd12e83-c87d-4c88-a8a9-44ff1e4a49a4","word":"specialize","definition":"To concentrate on and develop a particular skill or product.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"especializar","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"kind, sort, type","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specialize","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"spécialiser","meaning":"to particularize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specialis","meaning":"individual, particular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"kind, sort, type","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*spek-","meaning":"to observe, look","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["special","specific","species","inspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"focus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concentrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"particularize","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"f4d7d604-119d-4f46-9ed7-2b380f23d374","word":"specially","definition":"For a particular purpose or person; specifically.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"especialmente","language_family":"latin","root":"specialis","root_meaning":"individual, particular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specially","meaning":"for a particular purpose","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"special","meaning":"distinctive, particular","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"espécial","meaning":"special","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specialis","meaning":"individual, particular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"kind, sort, type","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["special","especial","specific","specialist","specialty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specifically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"particularly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expressly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"a31a4470-c8ab-4bc4-bdc2-388947ac4e63","word":"specials","definition":"Items or offers that are distinctive or exceptional, often at reduced prices.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especiales","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"appearance, kind, sort","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specials","meaning":"exceptional items or offers","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"special","meaning":"of particular kind, distinctive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specialis","meaning":"of or pertaining to a species","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"appearance, kind, sort","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["special","specialty","species","specious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deals","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bargains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promotions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.185Z"}
{"id":"6c6e6c81-eb63-40ab-b849-9a899eed9d1e","word":"specialty","definition":"An area of particular expertise or knowledge; a special pursuit or interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especialidad","language_family":"latin","root":"specialis","root_meaning":"individual, particular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specialty","meaning":"area of expertise","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"spécialité","meaning":"particular quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specialis","meaning":"individual, particular","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["special","specialist","specialize","species","especial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expertise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forte","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"niche","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"a36f72c9-e82f-4a8b-b5b4-04a2a51c470b","word":"specie","definition":"Coin money, as distinguished from paper money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especie","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"kind, sort, form, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specie","meaning":"coined money","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"kind, sort, form, outward appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look, see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["species","special","specific","speculate","aspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"currency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"metal money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hard cash","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"0da68f68-26e0-4ea6-bfa6-0565c23eedb1","word":"species","definition":"A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; a particular kind or type.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especie","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"appearance, kind, type, or image","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"species","meaning":"a biological group or a type","children":[{"era":"1300s-1500s","word":"species","meaning":"a kind or type","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"appearance, kind, type","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subspecies","speciation","specific","specimen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"type","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"variety","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sort","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.677Z"}
{"id":"f1921d56-4053-4535-9d7d-5e320a6829e9","word":"specific","definition":"Clearly defined, precise, or relating to a particular thing rather than general.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"específico","language_family":"latin","root":"specificus","root_meaning":"of a particular kind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specific","meaning":"precisely defined or particular","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"specific","meaning":"of a particular kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specificus","meaning":"of a particular kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"kind or form","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["specify","specific","species","specimen","specification"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precise","formality":"formal"},{"word":"particular","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"definite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"bac42d56-07e7-4de8-8627-2b3472247e44","word":"specifically","definition":"In a way that is exact, precise, or relating to a particular thing.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"específicamente","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"appearance, kind, type","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek- (to see, look)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specifically","meaning":"in a specific manner; precisely","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"specific","meaning":"of or belonging to a particular species","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specificus","meaning":"constituting a species","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"appearance, form, kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["specific","species","specify","specification"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precisely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"particularly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explicitly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"c5e655a0-896c-4336-8101-a9fc4b4ea0b1","word":"specification","definition":"A detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especificación","language_family":"latin","root":"specificare","root_meaning":"to specify, to make specific","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1300s-1400s","proto_root":"*spek- + *fak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specification","meaning":"A detailed description","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"specification","meaning":"act of specifying","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"specificare","meaning":"to specify, to make specific","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species + facere","meaning":"kind, type + to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French (via Latin)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["specify","specific","inspect","fact","aspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"detail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"requirement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"particular","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"a7ee2edd-0769-4fe6-a484-18a0469d2fbb","word":"specifications","definition":"Detailed descriptions of requirements, dimensions, or qualities of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especificaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"specificus","root_meaning":"of a particular kind, specific","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specifications","meaning":"detailed requirements","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"specification","meaning":"act of specifying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specificus","meaning":"of a particular kind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["specify","specific","specification","specialty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"requirements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"details","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standards","formality":"formal"},{"word":"particulars","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"a147195e-56af-424f-9e95-ac43cde44399","word":"specified","definition":"Clearly identified or stated; explicitly mentioned or defined.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"especificado","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"appearance, kind, type","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specified","meaning":"explicitly stated","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"specify","meaning":"to make specific or particular","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"specificus","meaning":"of a particular kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"appearance, kind, type","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["specify","specific","specification","species"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"explicit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"designated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"67bbb43f-962d-4e15-b533-bdc3abda2168","word":"specify","definition":"To identify clearly and precisely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"especificar","language_family":"latin","root":"specificare","root_meaning":"to mention, particularize","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specify","meaning":"to identify clearly and precisely","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"specifier","meaning":"to specify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specificare","meaning":"to mention, particularize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"kind, sort","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look, see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["specific","specification","species","special","spectacle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pinpoint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stipulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"particularize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"ef24381f-2c79-4292-bcd1-88ec83abed4b","word":"specimen","definition":"An individual animal, plant, or mineral used as an example of its species or type for scientific study or display.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especimen","language_family":"latin","root":"specimen","root_meaning":"a means of seeing, example","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specimen","meaning":"An example for study","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specimen","meaning":"a means of seeing, example","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["species","inspect","spectacle","specter","special"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sample","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"example","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"08676ee1-5a18-455f-8d9a-c588f494c53b","word":"speck","definition":"A very small spot, mark, or particle of a substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"specca","root_meaning":"spot, mark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speck","meaning":"tiny spot or particle","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"specke","meaning":"spot, stain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"specca","meaning":"spot, mark","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"spikkel / spekkel","meaning":"small spot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic (cf. Dutch)"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speckle","speckled","bespeckle","freckle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fleck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mote","formality":"literary"},{"word":"particle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"bcc3ae0c-ba50-4ab4-ab13-a6fac0ed3a17","word":"specs","definition":"Spectacles or eyeglasses worn to correct vision.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especs","language_family":"latin","root":"spectare","root_meaning":"to look at, watch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"specs","meaning":"eyeglasses","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"spectacles","meaning":"optical glasses","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectaculum","meaning":"public show","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spectacles","spectator","spectacle","inspect","respectable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"glasses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eyeglasses","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spectacles","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"af123f48-2c23-43c4-8f12-f70327c9a196","word":"spectacle","definition":"A spectacle is a striking or impressive sight or display.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espectáculo","language_family":"latin","root":"spectāculum","root_meaning":"a sight; a show","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spectacle","meaning":"a striking or impressive sight or display","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"spectacle","meaning":"a sight, show, or display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectaculum","meaning":"a sight; show; public display","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectāre / specere","meaning":"to look at; observe","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*spek-","meaning":"to look, observe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spectator","spectate","spectacular","inspect","respect","prospect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"show","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"display","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pageant","formality":"literary"},{"word":"exhibition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"c898a267-4e92-494e-9d28-e02c1611773e","word":"spectacular","definition":"Of the nature of a spectacle; striking, dramatic, or eye-catching.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"espectacular","language_family":"latin","root":"spectaculum","root_meaning":"a show, spectacle, public entertainment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spectacular","meaning":"Of the nature of a spectacle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectacularis","meaning":"pertaining to a spectacle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectaculum","meaning":"a show, spectacle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectare","meaning":"to look at, observe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look, see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spectacle","inspect","respect","perspective"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impressive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnificent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dramatic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"eadd4b7f-7734-440d-ac93-d589ac5aabc4","word":"spectator","definition":"A person who watches an event or performance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espectador","language_family":"latin","root":"speciō","root_meaning":"to look at; observe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spectator","meaning":"a person who watches an event or performance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectātor","meaning":"one who watches","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectō","meaning":"I watch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"speciō","meaning":"I look at","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*spek-","meaning":"to observe; look","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spectate","spectacle","inspect","respect","expect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viewer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"onlooker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"7f3f5959-e734-4fe7-9ace-c59e9886ae50","word":"spectrum","definition":"A band of colors, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espectro","language_family":"latin","root":"spectrum","root_meaning":"appearance, image, apparition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*speḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spectrum","meaning":"A band of colors, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectrum","meaning":"an appearance, image, apparition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look, to see","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*speḱ-","meaning":"to observe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spectator","inspect","speculate","spectacle","aspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gamut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"4df07f42-4107-46ab-8746-daa91387fc10","word":"speculate","definition":"To form a theory or conjecture on incomplete evidence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"especular","language_family":"latin","root":"speculor","root_meaning":"to watch, observe, spy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*speḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speculate","meaning":"to form a theory or conjecture on incomplete evidence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"speculātus","meaning":"watched, observed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"speculor","meaning":"to watch, observe, spy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specula","meaning":"watchtower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"speciō","meaning":"to look at","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speculation","speculative","speculator","speculatively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conjecture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surmise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"theorize","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"b06ce07f-9b03-4a8e-a7c7-7ea600af5505","word":"speculation","definition":"The formation of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence, or the act of investing in risky financial transactions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especulación","language_family":"latin","root":"speculatio","root_meaning":"observation, contemplation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speculation","meaning":"conjecture; risky investment","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"speculacion","meaning":"observation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"speculatio","meaning":"observation, contemplation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look, to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speculate","spectator","inspection","aspect","species"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conjecture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hypothesis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"theory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guesswork","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"d6cf5085-4768-46ff-838b-b626abd176e2","word":"speech","definition":"The expression of thoughts in spoken words, or a formal address delivered to an audience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spreca","root_meaning":"to speak","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"700s","proto_root":"*sprek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speech","meaning":"spoken words or formal address","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"spræc","meaning":"speech, discourse","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"spreca","meaning":"to speak","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speak","speaker","speeches","speechless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"address","formality":"formal"},{"word":"talk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"discourse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"b3a595cc-0758-4cdf-9d37-5650206c0ff2","word":"speechless","definition":"Unable or unwilling to speak, especially from surprise or shock.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sprǣċlēas","root_meaning":"speechless; without the power of speech","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sprēkalausaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speechless","meaning":"unable or unwilling to speak","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"specheles","meaning":"speechless","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sprǣċlēas","meaning":"speechless; without the power of speech","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sprēkalausaz","meaning":"speechless","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speech","speak","speechlessly","speechlessness","unspeakable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"silent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wordless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"9520a32a-e085-4270-b1f0-baeb7179f8d8","word":"speed","definition":"The rate at which something moves or operates; velocity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spoda","root_meaning":"success, prosperity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spe-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"speed","meaning":"success, prosperity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spod","meaning":"success, luck","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*spe-","meaning":"to prosper, succeed","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},"related_words":["speedy","speedup","speeding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"velocity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quickness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"86e14b39-4c0e-492a-95d9-dddd9d1c427b","word":"speedy","definition":"Speedy means moving or happening quickly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spēd","root_meaning":"success, prosperity, swiftness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*speh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"speedy","meaning":"moving or happening quickly","children":[{"era":"1300s / pre-1100","word":"speed","meaning":"swiftness; success; prosperity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spēd","meaning":"success, prosperity, swiftness","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English / Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speed","speedily","speediness","expedite","velocity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rapid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"d0d1ece5-b877-418a-af84-78138bd42572","word":"spell","definition":"To name or write the letters of a word in correct order.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spellian","root_meaning":"to narrate, relate, tell","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spell","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spellian","meaning":"to narrate, relate, tell","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gospel","spellbound","spelling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"write","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enunciate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"466054de-f88a-4000-b471-858b87f6e5a0","word":"spence","definition":"A buttery or pantry, especially in older British dialect use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"despensa","language_family":"latin","root":"dīspendere","root_meaning":"to weigh out","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spence","meaning":"a buttery or pantry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spence / spense","meaning":"pantry; buttery","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"despense","meaning":"provision, pantry, expense","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dīspēnsa","meaning":"dispensation; provision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dīspendere","meaning":"to weigh out","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dispense","dispensation","dispensary","expense","spend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pantry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buttery","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"larder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"9ecb1947-5361-4d84-9e7c-f7ca505d2174","word":"spend","definition":"To use money to pay for something, or to pass or use time.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spendan","root_meaning":"to stretch out, spread","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spend","meaning":"to use money or time","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"spend","meaning":"to consume, use up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spendan","meaning":"to stretch, spread","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spending","spent","spender","expend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"use","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pay out","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disburse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"ace863ef-fbc5-4a85-878f-4b68cc0a733a","word":"spent","definition":"Used up or consumed; having used all energy or resources.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spendere","root_meaning":"to stretch out, expend","root_language":"Latin/Germanic blend","root_era":"medieval","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spent","meaning":"exhausted or used up","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spend","meaning":"to expend or consume","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"spenden","meaning":"to stretch out, dispense","children":[],"language":"Old English/Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spend","spender","spending","overspent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhausted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"depleted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"used up","formality":"informal"},{"word":"consumed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.413Z"}
{"id":"16c520c3-2523-40a9-9a6b-bdb6c29624c5","word":"sperm","definition":"A male gamete; a spermatozoon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esperma","language_family":"greek","root":"sperma","root_meaning":"seed, something sown","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sperm","meaning":"male gamete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sperma","meaning":"seed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sperma","meaning":"seed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"speirein","meaning":"to sow","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["germinate","diaspora","spore","spermatid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"semen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gamete","formality":"technical"},{"word":"seed","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"48fa0759-0a8f-46ce-9276-f148616a9e0a","word":"sphere","definition":"A round solid figure with every point on its surface equidistant from its center.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esfera","language_family":"greek","root":"sphaira","root_meaning":"ball, globe","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"sphaîra (σφαῖρα)","meaning":"A ball, globe, playing ball.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sphere","meaning":"A perfectly round three-dimensional shape.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"esfera","meaning":"Sphere.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["spherical","hemisphere","atmosphere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"globe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ball","formality":"informal"},{"word":"orb","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"27b1a1ad-af4f-495d-9f7d-d08d7525106f","word":"spice","definition":"An aromatic or pungent vegetable substance used to flavor food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"especia","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"kind, sort, category; goods, wares","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"spice","meaning":"aromatic substance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"espice","meaning":"spice, kind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"kind, sort, category","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["special","specific","species","spicy","speculate","aspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condiment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seasoning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flavorant","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"97f6c2b5-d874-4c77-bd01-5fd6df494a81","word":"spicy","definition":"Flavored with or containing strong spices; pungent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"especia","language_family":"latin","root":"species","root_meaning":"kind, sort; aromatic commodity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spicy","meaning":"containing spice","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spice","meaning":"aromatic substance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"espece","meaning":"species, spice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"species","meaning":"kind, sort","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spice","special","species","especial","spectrum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pungent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piquant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"zesty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"5079f7cc-4c62-4f0e-87ad-36e4e5f588af","word":"spider","definition":"An eight-legged carnivorous arachnid that typically spins webs of silk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spinnan","root_meaning":"to spin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spider","meaning":"an arachnid that spins webs","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spithra","meaning":"spinner (derived from verb)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spinnan","meaning":"to spin","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spin","spindle","web","spinner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arachnid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"eight-legger","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"0c7f7262-7382-46fe-877f-9d9010768a78","word":"spike","definition":"A thin, sharp, pointed piece of metal or wood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spik","root_meaning":"point, ear of grain","root_language":"Low German/Dutch","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":"*speig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spike","meaning":"A thin, sharp, pointed piece of metal or wood.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"spike","meaning":"ear of corn, pointed rod","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"spijk","meaning":"pointed object","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*speig-","meaning":"point","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spiky","spiked","spigot","spoke","spear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"point","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thorn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nail","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"97160c41-1851-4717-8925-1a422ae7b1ba","word":"spill","definition":"To cause or allow liquid to flow over the edge of its container, especially unintentionally.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spillan","root_meaning":"to destroy, waste","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spilthjanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spill","meaning":"to flow over the edge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spillan","meaning":"to destroy, mutilate, kill, waste","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*spilthjanan","meaning":"to destroy, waste","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spoil","splinter","spile","split"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pour","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overflow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"waste","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"3b3eacde-4a30-4380-9cb5-a2bda02ddc6b","word":"spin","definition":"To turn or cause to turn rapidly around an axis.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*spinnan","root_meaning":"to draw, stretch, spin","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spin","meaning":"to turn rapidly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spinnan","meaning":"to spin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*spinnan","meaning":"to draw, stretch, spin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spinner","spindle","spun","spider","spinning"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revolve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rotate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twirl","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"2a8a1735-b987-42e3-a87c-b020baa07442","word":"spinach","definition":"Spinach is a leafy green vegetable eaten cooked or raw.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espinaca","language_family":"other","root":"Persian aspānākh","root_meaning":"spinach","root_language":"Persian","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spinach","meaning":"a leafy green vegetable","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spinacia","meaning":"spinach","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"spinache","meaning":"earlier English form of spinach","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"espinache","meaning":"borrowed form of the vegetable name","children":[{"era":"classical / pre-1100","word":"isfānākh / aspānākh","meaning":"spinach","children":[],"language":"Arabic / Persian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spinaches","spinachy","spinach-like","spinachless","espinaca"],"synonyms":[{"word":"greens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leafy greens","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verdure","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"b9110d08-409a-44e5-aab6-441789274256","word":"spinal","definition":"Relating to the spine or backbone.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"espinal","language_family":"latin","root":"spina","root_meaning":"thorn, prickle, backbone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spinal","meaning":"relating to the spine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spinalis","meaning":"of the spine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spina","meaning":"thorn, backbone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spine","spiny","spinal cord","spicule","spinous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vertebral","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dorsal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rachial","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"aa66eb02-db48-4870-a7b6-5dfcee255871","word":"spine","definition":"The series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis, forming the main support of the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espina","language_family":"latin","root":"spina","root_meaning":"thorn, prickle, backbone","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*(s)peh₁i-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spine","meaning":"backbone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"espine","meaning":"thorn, spine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spina","meaning":"thorn, prickle, backbone","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spinal","spinous","spiny","porcupine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"backbone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vertebral column","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rachis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"c4704d0c-909d-4871-b04a-80f7bb316e4a","word":"spiral","definition":"A spiral is a curve or form that winds around a center while moving outward or inward.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espiral","language_family":"latin","root":"spirāre","root_meaning":"to breathe, blow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spiral","meaning":"a curve or form that winds around a center","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spirale","meaning":"spiral; winding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spīrālis","meaning":"of breathing; winding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spirāre","meaning":"to breathe, blow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spire","respire","inspire","spiralize","spiraliform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"helix","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corkscrew","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"dd53c2d0-1be3-4194-998f-70d06d68e75c","word":"spirit","definition":"The nonphysical part of a person regarded as the seat of emotions, character, and soul.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espíritu","language_family":"latin","root":"spiritus","root_meaning":"breath or vital force","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spir-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spirit","meaning":"nonphysical part or soul","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spirit","meaning":"vital force, soul","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spiritus","meaning":"breath, vital force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spirare","meaning":"to breathe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spiritual","spirited","spirituality","spiritless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ghost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"psyche","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"5cce8976-976b-4961-960c-1999bde0ec91","word":"spiritual","definition":"Relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"espiritual","language_family":"latin","root":"spiritus","root_meaning":"breath, spirit, soul","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sp(h)ei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spiritual","meaning":"Relating to the human spirit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spirituel","meaning":"of or pertaining to the spirit","children":[{"era":"Late Antiquity","word":"spiritualis","meaning":"of or belonging to the breath, spirit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spiritus","meaning":"breath, spirit, soul","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spirit","inspire","respiration","phantom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"religious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ethereal","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sacred","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"29f04da8-5911-4c01-91e2-be9e46e5fe25","word":"spit","definition":"To eject saliva from the mouth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"escupir","language_family":"germanic","root":"spittan","root_meaning":"to spit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sp(y)eu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spit","meaning":"eject saliva","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spittan","meaning":"to spit","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sp(y)eu-","meaning":"to spit, vomit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spew","sputum","spat","expectorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expectorate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"salivate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eject","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"cf45ee3c-48f5-4408-a8ab-ec1796918459","word":"spleen","definition":"A small organ in the upper left abdomen that filters blood and supports the immune system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esplénico","language_family":"greek","root":"splen","root_meaning":"spleen","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spleen","meaning":"the spleen organ","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"splen","meaning":"spleen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"splen","meaning":"spleen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"splen","meaning":"spleen","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["splenic","splenectomy","splenitis","asplenia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"milt","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"spleen organ","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splenic tissue","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"07ad5ff4-afeb-4e33-bcd7-f3b34db0e060","word":"splendid","definition":"Magnificent; very impressive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"espléndido","language_family":"latin","root":"splendidus","root_meaning":"shining, glittering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"splendid","meaning":"magnificent","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"splendide","meaning":"splendid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"splendidus","meaning":"shining, glittering","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["splendor","resplendent","shine","splendour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnificent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glorious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superb","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"09e02823-870e-4695-946d-fa975eb2b162","word":"splinter","definition":"A small, thin, sharp fragment broken off from a larger piece.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"splinter","root_meaning":"small thin fragment","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"splinter","meaning":"a small, thin, sharp fragment broken off from a larger piece","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"splinter","meaning":"a small fragment or sliver","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["splintered","splintering","splintery","splinters"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sliver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"971276f5-9633-45da-8cd9-105e19de025b","word":"split","definition":"To break or cause to break lengthwise along a line or grain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"splitten","root_meaning":"to split","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"split","meaning":"to divide into parts","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"splitten","meaning":"to split","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["splice","splinter","splits","splitting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"separate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cleave","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"96ec863a-04cd-4f88-9352-50072a472d8e","word":"spoil","definition":"To diminish or destroy the value or quality of; to damage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"despojar","language_family":"latin","root":"spoliare","root_meaning":"to strip, plunder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spoil","meaning":"to diminish or destroy the value or quality of","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"espoillier","meaning":"to strip, plunder, rob","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spoliare","meaning":"to strip, plunder, despoil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spolium","meaning":"plunder, booty, stripped hide","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["despoil","spoils","plunder","spoil sport"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"damage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"destroy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"5f78dd1e-7210-4e7b-bb24-42f36a4af4df","word":"spokesman","definition":"A person who is chosen or appointed to speak on behalf of a group or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"specan","root_meaning":"to utter words","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spokesman","meaning":"one who speaks for others","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"spokesman","meaning":"one who speaks for another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spōca","meaning":"speech, utterance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"specan","meaning":"to speak","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mann","meaning":"human being, male","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speak","speech","spokesperson","man"],"synonyms":[{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delegate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"envoy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mouthpiece","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"04fb3208-c7d7-40ba-861e-ec2212206289","word":"sponge","definition":"A sessile aquatic invertebrate animal that has a porous body; also, a piece of porous material used for cleaning or absorbing liquid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esponja","language_family":"greek","root":"σπογγιά (spongiá)","root_meaning":"sponge","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sponge","meaning":"porous animal/material","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"esponge","meaning":"sponge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spongia","meaning":"sponge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σπογγιά (spongiá)","meaning":"sponge","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spongy","spume","expunge","sponger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"absorbent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"69bcb6fe-64c9-4bc9-944a-a1e3018e6983","word":"sponsor","definition":"A person or organization that provides financial support or backing for an event, activity, or person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patrocinador","language_family":"latin","root":"spondere","root_meaning":"to promise, pledge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sponsor","meaning":"Financial backer or supporter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sponsor","meaning":"one who pledges, surety","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spondere","meaning":"to promise, pledge, vow","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*spend-","meaning":"to stretch, extend, pledge","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sponsorship","sponsored","sponsoring","sponsors"],"synonyms":[{"word":"backer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patron","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supporter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benefactor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"5f4fe657-7aa9-40e9-8250-63f85bc43579","word":"sponsored","definition":"Provided financial or other support for an event, activity, or person.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"patrocinado","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin sponsus","root_meaning":"promised, betrothed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sponsored","meaning":"provided financial support","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sponsor","meaning":"one who assumes responsibility","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sponsorem","meaning":"one who answers for another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sponsus","meaning":"promised, betrothed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sponsor","sponsorship","sponsoring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"funded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"backed","formality":"informal"},{"word":"underwritten","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.602Z"}
{"id":"83cfbd15-9504-4145-99c6-9a8202ef704c","word":"sponsorship","definition":"The act of providing financial or other support to an event, activity, person, or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"patrocinio","language_family":"latin","root":"spondeo","root_meaning":"to pledge, to promise solemnly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sponsorship","meaning":"The act of being a sponsor","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"sponsor","meaning":"one who binds himself for another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sponsōr","meaning":"a surety, guarantor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spondeō","meaning":"to pledge, promise solemnly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sponsor","spouse","respond","despondent","espouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"patronage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"backing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"funding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorsement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"31fb923f-1b98-48c3-96e6-55d5c31215dc","word":"spontaneous","definition":"Performed or occurring as a result of a sudden inner impulse or inclination and without premeditation or external stimulus.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"espontáneo","language_family":"latin","root":"sponteus","root_meaning":"of one's own accord","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spontaneous","meaning":"occurring without external cause","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"spontané","meaning":"spontaneous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spontaneus","meaning":"of one's own accord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sponte","meaning":"of one's own accord","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["impromptu","impulsive","unplanned","natural"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impulsive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unplanned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ad hoc","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"ec6d3114-6ff8-468e-836e-1e809ab3054d","word":"spook","definition":"A ghost or specter, especially one that frightens people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle Dutch spōke","root_meaning":"ghost, specter","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spook","meaning":"a ghost or frightening apparition","children":[{"era":"early modern","word":"Dutch spook","meaning":"ghost, apparition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle Dutch spōke","meaning":"ghost, specter","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spooky","spooked","spookish","spookery","spookiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ghost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"phantom","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"8c09f5fc-34d9-48b2-8a9e-0f05e200cf85","word":"spooky","definition":"Frightening or eerie in a way that suggests ghosts or evil spirits.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spook","root_meaning":"ghost","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spooky","meaning":"Frightening or eerie in a way that suggests ghosts or evil spirits.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"spook","meaning":"ghost","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"spook","meaning":"ghost, specter","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spook","specter","ghost","eerie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eerie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creepy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"haunted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"00134ab8-f086-474f-8d5f-854f6071bab7","word":"spoon","definition":"An eating utensil with a shallow oval or round bowl at the end of a handle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spōn","root_meaning":"chip of wood, splinter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*speh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spoon","meaning":"An eating utensil","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spōn","meaning":"chip of wood, splinter","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*spāna","meaning":"chip, splinter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chip","splinter","shave","spatula"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ladle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scoop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utensil","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"2eeadaf5-47fc-4f28-b7d5-a6c24b37535c","word":"sport","definition":"A competitive game or activity involving physical exertion; to wear or display something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sport","language_family":"french","root":"desport","root_meaning":"amusement, diversion","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sport","meaning":"physical game or recreation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sport","meaning":"pastime, amusement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desporter","meaning":"to divert, amuse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"des-","meaning":"from, away","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sports","sporting","sportsmanship","sportive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"game","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"activity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"competition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recreation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"61e3c401-3868-48ce-a081-b553ba32353c","word":"sports","definition":"Physical activities or games played for exercise, competition, or entertainment; plural of sport.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"desport","root_meaning":"to amuse or divert","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sports","meaning":"physical games and competitions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sport","meaning":"amusement, pastime","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"desport","meaning":"to amuse, divert","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"disportare","meaning":"to carry away, divert","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sport","sporting","sportsman","sportsmanship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"games","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"athletics","formality":"formal"},{"word":"competitions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"b0ef12b9-70af-4a77-aa72-312fc7d19b63","word":"spot","definition":"A small mark, stain, or discolored area on a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spot","root_meaning":"small mark, stain","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spot","meaning":"a mark or stain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spot","meaning":"a mark or stain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"spot","meaning":"a small mark","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spots","spotted","spotting","spotty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blemish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"2ec7c90e-7562-4496-bbfc-1ba82367fe96","word":"spotlight","definition":"A strong, focused light directed on a specific person or area, often on a stage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spot, leoht","root_meaning":"mark/place, radiance","root_language":"Middle English, Old English","root_era":"1200s, pre-1100","proto_root":"*spott-, *leuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spotlight","meaning":"strong focused light","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"spot","meaning":"mark, place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spotti","meaning":"small piece","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leoht","meaning":"radiance","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*leuhtam","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"light, bright","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spot","light","sunspot","headlight","floodlight","spotlighting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"floodlight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"focus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"6f77efb5-9154-4904-8d58-5f8630b6674a","word":"spouse","definition":"A married person; a husband or wife.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esposo","language_family":"latin","root":"spondere","root_meaning":"to pledge, betroth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spouse","meaning":"married person","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"espous/espose","meaning":"betrothed, spouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sponsus/sponsa","meaning":"betrothed, promised one","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spondere","meaning":"to pledge, betroth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["espouse","respond","sponsor","correspond"],"synonyms":[{"word":"husband","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wife","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consort","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"e19c9257-f7c6-44fc-b583-cb927f7a283b","word":"spray","definition":"To scatter (liquid) in a mass of fine drops or particles.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sprei","root_meaning":"to scatter, sprinkle","root_language":"Middle Dutch or Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spray","meaning":"To scatter liquid","children":[{"era":"late 14th century","word":"sprayen","meaning":"to sprinkle","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sprei","meaning":"to sprinkle","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*spreh-","meaning":"to scatter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch or Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sprinkle","spread","sprayer","overspray","sprayable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sprinkle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disperse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"e361545e-b04a-49ae-b241-132a9263e7a0","word":"spread","definition":"Extend over a large or increasing area.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"spraedan","root_meaning":"to spread, extend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sperh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spread","meaning":"to extend over an area","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spraedan","meaning":"to spread, extend","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["widespread","outspread","sprayer","sprinkle","expand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diffuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disperse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"5c05cc7f-77f5-465d-a76e-5c7ed28bb87a","word":"spring","definition":"The season between winter and summer, or to jump or leap suddenly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"springan","root_meaning":"to leap, jump, burst forth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sprenǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spring","meaning":"season or to leap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"springan","meaning":"to leap, burst forth","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*sprenǵ-","meaning":"to spring, sprinkle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["springer","springy","sprung","springing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bound","formality":"formal"},{"word":"season","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.190Z"}
{"id":"a74f2611-ac4f-45bc-aa42-ae8abeaf7bcf","word":"springer","definition":"A dog of a breed typically used for flushing game birds; the lowest stone of an arch or vault, from which the arch or vault springs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"springan","root_meaning":"to leap, burst forth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sprengh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"springer","meaning":"a dog breed; lowest stone of an arch","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"springer","meaning":"one who springs","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spring","meaning":"to leap, burst forth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spring","springboard","springtime","offspring","sprung"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spaniel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"keystone","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"510b53d1-002e-4ee1-be16-1cc7a4304f19","word":"springs","definition":"Places where water naturally flows from the ground, or elastic devices that return to original shape.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"spring","language_family":"germanic","root":"springan","root_meaning":"to jump, leap, burst forth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sprenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"springs","meaning":"water sources or elastic mechanisms","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spring","meaning":"to jump; a leap; source of water","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"springan","meaning":"to jump, burst forth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spring","sprung","springy","springlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fountains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fountainheads","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wellsprings","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"c3a1859b-3b01-40c9-aad8-43a79bb22588","word":"sprint","definition":"To run at full speed over a short distance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sprinten","root_meaning":"to spring, to leap","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sprint","meaning":"run at full speed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sprinten","meaning":"to spring, to leap","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["spring","spry","sprout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"run","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scurry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"599fac1c-f565-4289-8ead-9b6cad7b20b3","word":"sputter","definition":"To emit or utter in short, broken bursts, often with a hissing or spitting sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sputen","root_meaning":"to spout; vomit","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sputter","meaning":"to speak or move in short, broken bursts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sputren / sputrien","meaning":"frequentative forms meaning to spout or spit out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sputen","meaning":"to spout; vomit","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sputtering","sputtered","sputterer","splutter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"splutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spray","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"58d43662-e6a3-44ad-8413-31eb72d6394c","word":"spy","definition":"A person who secretly collects and reports information on the activities, movements, and plans of an enemy or competitor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"espía","language_family":"germanic","root":"spehōn","root_meaning":"to watch, observe","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"spy","meaning":"one who secretly observes","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"espie","meaning":"spy, scout","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spehōn","meaning":"to watch, observe","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["espionage","speculate","inspect","spectator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secret agent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"informer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"a3c1d1c1-f639-4424-89c3-948f1b89910c","word":"sql","definition":"Structured Query Language, a standardized programming language for managing relational databases.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Structured Query Language","root_meaning":"language for querying organized data","root_language":"English (acronym)","root_era":"1970s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"SQL","meaning":"database query language","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"Structured Query Language","meaning":"organized language for database queries","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["query","database","relational","structured"],"synonyms":[{"word":"database language","formality":"technical"},{"word":"query language","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"47cc53e4-b626-45e3-93e9-ceb7c90f661e","word":"squad","definition":"A small group of people having a particular task or working together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escuadra","language_family":"latin","root":"exquadrare","root_meaning":"to square out","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷetwóres","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squad","meaning":"small group","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"escouade","meaning":"squadron","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"squadra","meaning":"square, squadron","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"exquadrare","meaning":"to square out","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["squadron","square","cadre","team"],"synonyms":[{"word":"team","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"40507da6-0bcd-4db3-bbda-ec3540e75b62","word":"squadron","definition":"A principal subdivision of a cavalry regiment or armored battalion, typically comprising two or more troops.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escuadrón","language_family":"latin","root":"quadrus","root_meaning":"square","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwetwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squadron","meaning":"military unit","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"squadrone","meaning":"large square (augmentative of squadra)","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"squadra","meaning":"square, company","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quadrus","meaning":"square","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*kwetwer-","meaning":"four","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["squad","square","quad","quadrant","cadre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contingent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"299aae50-4ce0-4ce0-a240-a04f520063e8","word":"square","definition":"A plane figure with four equal sides and four right angles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escuadra","language_family":"latin","root":"quadratus","root_meaning":"made square, squared","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwetwor-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"square","meaning":"a four-sided regular polygon","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"square","meaning":"a square shape","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"quadratus","meaning":"made square","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["square","quadrant","quadratic","squarely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rectangle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plaza","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"8e0d1640-9369-49f5-ba6f-924e053035a8","word":"squash","definition":"To forcefully flatten or crush something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"esquasser","root_meaning":"to crush, break","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*kʷeh₁t-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squash","meaning":"to crush","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"squash","meaning":"to crush","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"esquasser","meaning":"to crush, break","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex-","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"quassare","meaning":"to shake, shatter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kʷeh₁t-","meaning":"to shake","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quash","crash","shatter","concussion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flatten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compress","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"ab215975-125f-4e4a-a738-6e0922755587","word":"squat","definition":"To crouch or sit with the knees bent and the body close to the ground.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squat","meaning":"to crouch or sit low","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["squatter","squatting","squatty","squatness","squats"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crouch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hunker","formality":"informal"},{"word":"duck","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"d3debe81-0341-4d89-bfe0-119554b9ceb6","word":"squawk","definition":"To make a loud, harsh, unmusical cry.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squawk","meaning":"make a harsh cry","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"squawk","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["squeak","squawk","hawk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shriek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yelp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screech","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caw","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"72278420-4d21-4be7-a027-946fe93108cc","word":"squeak","definition":"To make a short, high-pitched sound or cry; to barely succeed in doing something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squeak","meaning":"high-pitched sound","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"squeke","meaning":"to shriek, squeal","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"squike","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shriek","squeal","creak","peep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yelp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shriek","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"eb03e197-b766-49b0-af40-1527389aa044","word":"squeal","definition":"To make a long, high-pitched cry or sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*skwih-","root_meaning":"to squeal (imitative)","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squeal","meaning":"make high-pitched cry","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"squelen","meaning":"to shriek","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skwih-","meaning":"to squeal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["shriek","scream","squawk","yelp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shriek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yelp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screech","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"a363f6ff-a1b6-49f3-8bf0-cce4b3368233","word":"squeeze","definition":"Firmly press (something soft or yielding), typically with one's fingers.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cwysan","root_meaning":"to crush, press","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwaisijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squeeze","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cwysan","meaning":"to crush, press","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kwaisijaną","meaning":"to press","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["squash","quash","press","compress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"press","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"compress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clench","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"48878ae9-a4d6-4b68-9037-32973f9f80db","word":"squid","definition":"A squid is a marine cephalopod with an elongated body, eight arms, and two longer tentacles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squid","meaning":"a marine cephalopod with eight arms and two longer tentacles","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["squids","squidlike","squiddy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cephalopod","formality":"technical"},{"word":"teuthid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"inkfish","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"febed46e-bef3-4ab2-9537-de1c2c4d174a","word":"squirrel","definition":"A small rodent with a bushy tail, typically arboreal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"skiouros","root_meaning":"shadow-tail","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squirrel","meaning":"a rodent with a bushy tail","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"esquireul","meaning":"squirrel","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sciurus","meaning":"squirrel","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"skiouros","meaning":"shadow-tail","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sciurine","squirrelly","sciurid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rodent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chipmunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tree rat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"marmot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"810722b8-b905-4419-9017-97cf4d5901ee","word":"squirt","definition":"To force liquid out in a thin jet.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"squirten","root_meaning":"to squirt or spurt","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"squirt","meaning":"to force liquid out in a thin jet","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"squirten","meaning":"to squirt or spurt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"uncertain origin","meaning":"probably onomatopoeic","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["squirts","squirting","squirted","squirter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spurt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jet","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"9b0a5bbe-8abf-45ab-b7d0-d4ab61ba0681","word":"src","definition":"Abbreviation for source, typically used in code or markup to reference a resource location.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"source","root_meaning":"a place where something originates","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"src","meaning":"abbreviation for source","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"source","meaning":"place of origin","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"surse","meaning":"source, spring","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["source","sourced","sourcing","resource"],"synonyms":[{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"origin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reference","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"5c47df90-6d7f-4ecb-b3f5-d0ae86155e18","word":"stab","definition":"To thrust a knife or other pointed weapon into (someone or something).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"stappa","root_meaning":"to thrust, to prick","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stab","meaning":"To thrust a knife or other pointed weapon into (someone or something).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stab","meaning":"to pierce, thrust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stappa","meaning":"to thrust, to prick","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stob","stub","stamp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pierce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thrust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"4bda48ed-c512-478b-962d-0b04a2e1b44d","word":"stability","definition":"The state of being stable, resistant to change or disruption.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estabilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"stabilitas","root_meaning":"firmness, steadfastness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stability","meaning":"state of being stable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stabilite","meaning":"stability, steadfastness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilitas","meaning":"firmness, steadfastness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilis","meaning":"firm, stable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stable","stabilize","establish","constable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steadfastness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firmness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"permanence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"9ad81407-2374-424a-aead-1c5a627ab9a5","word":"stable","definition":"(Of an object or structure) not likely to give way or overturn; firmly fixed.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estable","language_family":"latin","root":"stabilis","root_meaning":"firm, steady","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stable","meaning":"firmly fixed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stable","meaning":"firm, fixed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilis","meaning":"firm, steady","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stability","establish","stand","constancy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"steady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"8eff23e4-cfd4-49a4-9ae1-95ff39eab60c","word":"stack","definition":"A neatly arranged pile of objects, typically one on top of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"stakkr","root_meaning":"a haystack, a pile","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stack","meaning":"a pile","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stak","meaning":"a pile, heap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stakkr","meaning":"a haystack, a pile","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pile","heap","stacker","stock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"49db69a6-8fc8-459b-90b4-a7e8fe519014","word":"stadium","definition":"An athletic or sports ground with tiers of seats for spectators.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estadio","language_family":"greek","root":"stadion","root_meaning":"a unit of length, a racecourse","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~600 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~600 BC","word":"stádion (στάδιον)","meaning":"A measure of length (~600 feet), and the racecourse of that length at Olympia.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stadium","meaning":"A large venue for sports.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"estadio","meaning":"Stadium.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["stadia","stage","static"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arena","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coliseum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"field","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0d20256d-acfb-4ba3-9a8f-2569e72fbcec","word":"staff","definition":"A group of people employed to work together for an organization or institution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"staff","language_family":"germanic","root":"stæf","root_meaning":"a stick, staff, or support","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stab-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"staff","meaning":"group of employees or support pole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"staff","meaning":"a stick or support","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stab-","meaning":"to support or prop","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stave","stage","establish","stable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employees","formality":"formal"},{"word":"personnel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"team","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"d97ba376-ee7f-43e4-8990-f78eec4be180","word":"stag","definition":"An adult male deer, especially one of the larger species.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stagga","root_meaning":"male deer","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stag","meaning":"an adult male deer, especially one of the larger species","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stagga","meaning":"male deer","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stags","stag party","stag beetle","stag night"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hart","formality":"literary"},{"word":"deer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"585fa8a7-8a53-498f-9358-bad70720c62f","word":"stage","definition":"A platform or level in a sequence of events.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escenario","language_family":"french","root":"Old French estage","root_meaning":"stopping place, floor of a building","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stage","meaning":"platform or level","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"stage","meaning":"raised floor, period","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estage","meaning":"stopping place","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stage","estage","stage-coach","staging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"platform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phase","formality":"formal"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"1a84a56c-2beb-4d6e-bebb-2fc23f61e1f7","word":"stagger","definition":"To walk or move unsteadily, as if about to fall.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stagger","meaning":"to walk or move unsteadily","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["staggered","staggering","staggeringly","staggerer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lurch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"totter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:46:05.821Z"}
{"id":"d9fec383-9eb6-4d6e-a649-0a2acf0abca9","word":"stain","definition":"To mark (something) with a colored spot or dirty mark that is not easily removed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"steina","root_meaning":"to paint, to color, to mark","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stain","meaning":"To mark (something) with a colored spot or dirty mark that is not easily removed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steina","meaning":"to paint, to color","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["taint","dye","mark","discolor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disfigure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"150ded51-feee-4c0e-9c89-5771367ac554","word":"stainless","definition":"Not stained or tarnished; free from imperfections or blemishes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stain","root_meaning":"to mark, discolor","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stainaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stainless","meaning":"without stain","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"stain","meaning":"mark, discolor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steina","meaning":"to paint, color, dye","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*stainaz","meaning":"to paint, speckle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stain","spotless","immaculate","unsullied"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immaculate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unblemished","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"05e7de21-7466-4919-b82c-cfa5644615c5","word":"stair","definition":"one of a set of steps for going from one level to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stæger","root_meaning":"step, ladder","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stigh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stair","meaning":"a step","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stæger","meaning":"step, ladder","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*steigan","meaning":"to climb","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*stigh-","meaning":"to climb, to step","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ascend","step","stile","storey","flight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"step","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tread","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flight","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"32925c9d-9d5f-41e2-9195-91f32445228a","word":"staircase","definition":"A staircase is a structure or enclosure containing stairs between levels of a building.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"staircase","meaning":"structure or enclosure containing stairs","children":[{"era":"current","word":"stair","meaning":"a step in a flight of steps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stæger","meaning":"stair, staircase, flight of steps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*staigri","meaning":"stair, step","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*steigh-","meaning":"to go, rise, stride, step, walk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"case","meaning":"frame; enclosure","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stair","stairs","stairway","stairwell","stair-step"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stairway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stairs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flight of stairs","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"4c949ce7-b50a-4d86-9d75-381c04cf302e","word":"stairwell","definition":"A shaft or enclosed space in a building that contains a staircase.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stairwell","meaning":"a shaft or enclosed space containing a staircase","children":[{"era":"current","word":"stair","meaning":"a step in a staircase","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"well","meaning":"a shaft or hollow enclosure","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stair","stairway","staircase","stairwell","stairwells"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stair shaft","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stairway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staircase","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"686fdfe3-9cb3-41b4-a864-5b718558dbbb","word":"stake","definition":"A strong post or timber pointed at one end for driving into the ground as a support or a marker.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estaca","language_family":"germanic","root":"*stak","root_meaning":"post, pole","root_language":"Old Frankish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stakon","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stake","meaning":"A strong post or timber pointed at one end for driving into the ground as a support or a marker.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"staca","meaning":"stake","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stak","meaning":"post, pole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stakon","meaning":"stake, pole","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Frankish"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stick","staff","stock","steak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"picket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"palisade","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"e424a765-faf0-476c-a334-95775ec56811","word":"stakeholder","definition":"A person, group, or organization that has an interest or concern in an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stake + holder","root_meaning":"post, share + one who holds","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100 (for components), 1700s (compound)","proto_root":"*steg- (for stake), *kel- (for hold)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stakeholder","meaning":"one with an interest","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"stake","meaning":"post; wager","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"staca","meaning":"post","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"c. 1200","word":"holder","meaning":"one who holds","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"holdan","meaning":"to keep","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stake","hold","holding","shareholder","beholder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"participant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"party","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constituent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"93bd340b-4aed-43b2-8239-73c8bf147612","word":"stakeout","definition":"A covert period of watching a person or place, especially by police.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"staca","root_meaning":"stake, post","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stakeout","meaning":"a covert watch on a person or place","children":[{"era":"current","word":"stake out","meaning":"to mark off, occupy, or watch secretly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stake","meaning":"stake, post","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"outward, outside","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stake","stake out","staked out","staking out","surveillance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surveillance","formality":"technical"},{"word":"watch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tail","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"928d75f4-dcb5-46c2-88c8-7f282d97ace4","word":"stale","definition":"No longer fresh, new, or lively; flat or worn out.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stale","root_meaning":"old; worn out; not fresh","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stale","meaning":"No longer fresh or lively.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stale","meaning":"Old; worn out; not fresh.","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*stel-","meaning":"To place, set, make ready.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["staleness","staling","staled","stalemate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stagnant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hackneyed","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"f1d20180-4f74-4f72-8121-07d151a4016f","word":"stalk","definition":"To pursue or approach an animal or person stealthily, often for hunting or harassment.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stealcian","root_meaning":"to walk stealthily","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stalk","meaning":"to pursue stealthily","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stealcian","meaning":"to walk stealthily","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*stalkjanan","meaning":"to walk stiffly, stalk","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*stel-","meaning":"to stand, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stealth","stile","install","stall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shadow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haunt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"db8aa37a-340f-42bf-afbf-850cea2a28c0","word":"stall","definition":"A stand, booth, or compartment for a specific purpose, often for selling or displaying goods, or to stop or cause to stop, often unintentionally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*stallah","root_meaning":"standing place, stable, stand","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stall","meaning":"booth/compartment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steall","meaning":"standing place, stable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stallah","meaning":"standing place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stand","stable","install","pedestal","stout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"booth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cubicle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"aa54a3b2-9f1c-431f-862d-2df5f94cbf72","word":"stallion","definition":"An adult male horse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"estalon","root_meaning":"stallion","root_language":"Middle French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stallion","meaning":"an adult male horse","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stalion","meaning":"stallion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estalon","meaning":"stallion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Germanic origin","meaning":"source of the French word; akin to stall","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stallions","stallionize","stallionlike","stallioner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entire","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"steed","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"8691a776-977b-4a1d-a0b3-cce03cf9762f","word":"stamen","definition":"A stamen is the pollen-producing male organ of a flower.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estambre","language_family":"latin","root":"stamen","root_meaning":"warp thread; upright thread","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh2-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stamen","meaning":"the pollen-producing male organ of a flower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stamen","meaning":"warp thread; filament","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stāre","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stamens","staminal","staminate","staminode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"filament","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pollen-bearing organ","formality":"technical"},{"word":"male flower part","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"8a79c5bd-e2ef-4252-969b-3435ff8af739","word":"stammer","definition":"To speak with involuntary pauses or repetitions of sounds.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stammeren","root_meaning":"to stutter","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*stem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stammer","meaning":"to speak with pauses","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stammeren","meaning":"to stutter","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stammr","meaning":"stuttering, stammering","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stutter","stumble","stop","stick","stamen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hesitate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"falter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"7894bd54-5c45-4ace-936a-6e110345edc1","word":"stamp","definition":"An implement or device for impressing a mark or design upon a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estampa","language_family":"germanic","root":"*stampōną","root_meaning":"to stamp, to beat","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"Pre-1100","proto_root":"*stemp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stamp","meaning":"an implement for impressing a mark","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"stampen","meaning":"to strike, to crush","children":[{"era":"Pre-1100","word":"*stampōną","meaning":"to stamp, to beat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stomp","tamper","stump","impede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imprint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"e54fb1ad-6959-47c2-8e89-5f0bf90d42e1","word":"stan","definition":"An obsessive or fanatical fan of a celebrity or public figure, or to be such a fan (verb).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Stan","root_meaning":"name of the obsessive fan character in Eminem's 2000 song 'Stan'","root_language":"Modern English (eponym)","root_era":"2000s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"2000s–present","word":"stan","meaning":"obsessive fan; to obsessively admire","children":[{"era":"2000","word":"Stan","meaning":"fictional obsessive fan in Eminem's track 'Stan'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Stanley","meaning":"stone clearing (stān + lēah)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English (song character)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stanning","stanned","anti-stan","superfan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"superfan","formality":"informal"},{"word":"devotee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fanatic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"2b0f81f2-f8c0-445f-8e7c-f6499739f62c","word":"stand","definition":"To be in an upright position on one's feet or a structure for supporting something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"standan","root_meaning":"to stand, remain stationary","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stand","meaning":"to be upright","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"standan","meaning":"to stand","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*sta-","meaning":"to stand, set up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["standing","understand","outstanding","standard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"be upright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.924Z"}
{"id":"35685b7d-27dc-48d1-9122-d39be3d6cd23","word":"standard","definition":"A level of quality or requirement to be met.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estándar","language_family":"french","root":"stand","root_meaning":"to stand, be upright","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"standard","meaning":"level of quality or requirement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"standard","meaning":"flag, banner, measure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estandart","meaning":"standing place, flag","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["standardize","standards","standardized"],"synonyms":[{"word":"norm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"criterion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benchmark","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"14481e70-d542-4025-85f8-6f1d06f57985","word":"standards","definition":"Plural of standard; required or agreed-upon levels of quality, or flags or emblems used as symbols.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estándares","language_family":"french","root":"stare","root_meaning":"to stand","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"standards","meaning":"required levels of quality or flags","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"standard","meaning":"an upright post or banner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estandart","meaning":"banner, flag","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["standard","standardize","standing","understand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"norms","formality":"formal"},{"word":"criteria","formality":"formal"},{"word":"benchmarks","formality":"formal"},{"word":"specifications","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.053Z"}
{"id":"e2dce8d6-6777-4ec4-8e83-78eeec0b1552","word":"standby","definition":"A standby is something or someone kept ready for immediate use or replacement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"standby","meaning":"something kept ready for immediate use or replacement","children":[{"era":"early modern","word":"stand by","meaning":"to remain ready or available","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stand","meaning":"to remain upright or in place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"by","meaning":"near; beside","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stand","stand-by","stand-in","standing","by"],"synonyms":[{"word":"backup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reserve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replacement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"a439bdc2-410b-4723-9fcf-2d8427de0255","word":"standing","definition":"The position, rank, or reputation of a person or organization in society.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stand","root_meaning":"to be upright, remain firm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"standing","meaning":"rank, reputation, or position","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stand","meaning":"to be upright, endure","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*standan","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stand","standard","standpoint","understand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"status","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reputation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"03c76215-bdc2-40e6-a06e-de73fbf47ade","word":"stanton","definition":"A common surname of English origin, referring to a 'stone town' or 'stone enclosure.'","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stān + tūn","root_meaning":"stone + enclosure/settlement","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stainaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Stanton","meaning":"surname","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Stāntūn","meaning":"stone farm/town","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stān","meaning":"stone","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tūn","meaning":"enclosure, farm, town","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Stone","Town","Easton","Norton"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"37a025e7-22ef-49c3-bfba-dd9731a1ed55","word":"star","definition":"A celestial body of plasma held together by gravity that emits light and heat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estrella","language_family":"germanic","root":"stran","root_meaning":"star","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*ster-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"star","meaning":"celestial body or prominent person","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"starre","meaning":"celestial body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steorra","meaning":"star","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"stran","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stars","stellar","starry","starlight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celestial body","formality":"formal"},{"word":"luminary","formality":"literary"},{"word":"celebrity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"3a1df2b1-9ae9-4a8a-9e66-743df9de779b","word":"stare","definition":"To look fixedly with wide-open eyes.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"starian","root_meaning":"to look fixedly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*starjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stare","meaning":"to look fixedly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"starian","meaning":"to look fixedly","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*starjaną","meaning":"to gaze","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["starring","staringly","stargazer","stark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gaze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gawk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ogle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"79e04a82-4a90-4a16-b5ca-b9c9c900e076","word":"stark","definition":"Severe or bare in appearance; unpleasantly or sharply clear.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stearc","root_meaning":"stiff, strong, rigid, severe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*starkuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stark","meaning":"Severe or bare in appearance; unpleasantly or sharply clear.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stearc","meaning":"stiff, strong, rigid, severe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*starkuz","meaning":"stiff, strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strength","starkness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"austere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bleak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harsh","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"947cff21-7f8c-4872-b9dc-4f2c9f04119d","word":"stars","definition":"Massive luminous spheres of plasma held together by gravity, or symbols representing excellence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"steorra","root_meaning":"star","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂ster-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stars","meaning":"celestial bodies or symbols of excellence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"star","meaning":"star in the sky","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steorra","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["star","starred","stardom","starry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celestial bodies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"heavenly bodies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"luminaries","formality":"formal"},{"word":"celebrities","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"24f21ae0-7c9f-449e-ad2b-73df8c5027da","word":"starship","definition":"a spacecraft designed for interstellar travel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"starship","meaning":"a spacecraft designed for interstellar travel","children":[{"era":"modern compound","word":"star + ship","meaning":"a star-related ship or spacecraft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"star","meaning":"star","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ship","meaning":"ship, vessel","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["star","ship","spaceship","spacecraft","space vessel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spaceship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spacecraft","formality":"technical"},{"word":"space vessel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:22:33.993Z"}
{"id":"05723c6e-4bfa-4dba-b734-fa78e45d4e03","word":"start","definition":"To begin or set in motion.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English styrtan","root_meaning":"to jump, to move abruptly","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stertaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"start","meaning":"to begin","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"starten","meaning":"to jump, to begin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"styrtan","meaning":"to jump, to move abruptly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stertaną","meaning":"to jump, to turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["starter","starting","restart","startled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"begin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"initiate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"261729f7-1191-4771-93fe-f7620dd61a10","word":"started","definition":"Past tense of start; began or initiated an action or process.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sterten","root_meaning":"to rush, move suddenly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"started","meaning":"began or initiated","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"start","meaning":"to rush, make a sudden movement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sterten","meaning":"to rush, move quickly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["start","starter","starting","startup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"began","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commenced","formality":"formal"},{"word":"initiated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"563f8280-e3c7-4c0d-9163-4781cd8e541e","word":"starting","definition":"Beginning an action or process, or making a sudden movement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *startaz","root_meaning":"to move abruptly, to begin","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"starting","meaning":"beginning or moving abruptly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"starte","meaning":"to move abruptly, begin","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"startaz","meaning":"to move abruptly, leap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["start","starter","startle","commenced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beginning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commencing","formality":"formal"},{"word":"launching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"initiating","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"635739b0-4f11-471b-8df5-b9752dbfa39a","word":"startle","definition":"To startle is to cause someone to feel a sudden shock or surprise.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"styrtan","root_meaning":"to leap up, spring suddenly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"startle","meaning":"to cause sudden surprise or alarm","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"start","meaning":"to move suddenly or begin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"styrtan","meaning":"to leap up, spring suddenly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["start","started","starting","startling","startler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alarm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frighten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surprise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"c57ebddd-af5d-4b02-87d7-ff70e7da9fb0","word":"startup","definition":"A newly established business or enterprise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"start, up","root_meaning":"to move suddenly or quickly; in an upward direction","root_language":"Old English, Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ster-, *upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"startup","meaning":"A newly established business or enterprise.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"start","meaning":"to move, to spring","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"in an upward direction","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["starter","starting","upswept","uprising"],"synonyms":[{"word":"venture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enterprise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"new business","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"27ec88bc-a5fe-4da5-b523-2a3f15161468","word":"starvation","definition":"Starvation is severe suffering or death caused by lack of food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English steorfan","root_meaning":"to die, perish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"Proto-Germanic *sterbaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"starvation","meaning":"severe suffering or death from lack of food","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"starve","meaning":"to die or perish; later, to suffer from hunger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steorfan","meaning":"to die, perish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sterbaną","meaning":"to die, perish","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["starve","starved","starving","starveling","starver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"famine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hunger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inanition","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"c27a2a74-9b66-42d6-8b03-60a830c35777","word":"starve","definition":"To suffer or die from lack of food.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"steorfan","root_meaning":"to die","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sterbaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"starve","meaning":"to suffer or die from lack of food","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"starve","meaning":"to die, perish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steorfan","meaning":"to die","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["starving","death","dearth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"famish","formality":"literary"},{"word":"perish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"15aaec29-2473-4641-a614-9cde5bbed426","word":"state","definition":"A condition or mode of being; a political entity with defined territory and sovereignty.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estado","language_family":"latin","root":"status","root_meaning":"standing, position, condition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"state","meaning":"condition; political entity","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"state","meaning":"standing, condition, status","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estat","meaning":"position, standing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"standing, position, condition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["status","statement","estate","static","station"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"situation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"province","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"00823233-69b6-4ea2-8b52-597ee3d66013","word":"stated","definition":"Past tense of state; expressed or declared in words.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"estatus","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin status","root_meaning":"condition, standing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stated","meaning":"past tense of state; expressed in words","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"state","meaning":"to say, express","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"condition, standing, position","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand, set","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["state","statement","stating","states","state-of-the-art"],"synonyms":[{"word":"declared","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expressed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"said","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"articulated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"fb85cd7e-5612-4bd9-bcb4-f1e2acc76029","word":"statement","definition":"A declaration or assertion of fact or opinion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"declaración","language_family":"latin","root":"status","root_meaning":"state, condition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statement","meaning":"declaration or assertion","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"statement","meaning":"act of stating","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"state","meaning":"condition","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["state","status","statue","stationary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"declaration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assertion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"claim","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"af70e023-41fc-41c6-8559-54b9b9f40146","word":"statements","definition":"Plural of statement; declarations or assertions of facts, opinions, or information.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estatutos","language_family":"latin","root":"statum","root_meaning":"fixed, established","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statements","meaning":"plural of statement; declarations or assertions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"statement","meaning":"a declaration or assertion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"state","meaning":"condition or status","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"state, condition, fixed position","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*stə-","meaning":"to stand, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["state","statement","stationary","statue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"declarations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assertions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pronouncements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remarks","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"e49b1644-9ed8-4778-aac0-bde43011433f","word":"states","definition":"Political units or territories with defined borders and government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estados","language_family":"latin","root":"status","root_meaning":"condition, position, state of affairs","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"states","meaning":"political units with government","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"state","meaning":"condition or political entity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"condition, position","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["state","statehouse","statement","statehood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"territories","formality":"formal"},{"word":"provinces","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"e763fccc-d1eb-4838-afb2-71cc9b9a0e87","word":"static","definition":"Lacking movement, action, or change; stationary or unchanging.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estático","language_family":"greek","root":"statikos","root_meaning":"causing to stand","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sta-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"static","meaning":"lacking movement or change","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"statique","meaning":"stationary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statikos","meaning":"causing to stand","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"histanai","meaning":"to stand, place","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stationary","status","statue","statistics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stationary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fixed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unchanging","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.673Z"}
{"id":"c2a60fac-f41f-4634-accb-35b7f3145dae","word":"station","definition":"A place or building where a particular activity or service is based.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estación","language_family":"latin","root":"statio","root_meaning":"a standing, position, post","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"station","meaning":"a place for a particular activity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"station","meaning":"standing, stopping place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statio","meaning":"a standing, position","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stationary","stationary","stationed","stationing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depot","formality":"formal"},{"word":"terminal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"6b986778-9af7-49e9-90a2-bd6b83e6a958","word":"stationery","definition":"Writing and other office materials.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"stationarius","root_meaning":"of or belonging to a station or post","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stationery","meaning":"Writing and other office materials.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"stationer","meaning":"one who had a fixed stand or shop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stationarius","meaning":"of or belonging to a station or post","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stationary","station","status","stand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writing materials","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"office supplies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paper goods","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"cfd5fd32-29c6-417b-87db-07dd1d6f9a0b","word":"stations","definition":"Places where trains, buses, or other transport services stop and passengers embark or disembark.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estaciones","language_family":"latin","root":"statio","root_meaning":"a standing, position, or place where one stands","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stations","meaning":"transport hubs or fixed locations","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"station","meaning":"a place where one stands or is positioned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statio","meaning":"a standing, position, military post","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*stā-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["station","stationary","status","statute","static"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terminal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"depot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"fd875455-7a2b-4d0b-ab0f-3ea25a81854f","word":"statistic","definition":"A numerical fact or datum, especially one derived from a sample or collection of data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estadística","language_family":"latin","root":"status","root_meaning":"state, condition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statistic","meaning":"numerical fact","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Statistik","meaning":"science of political facts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["state","status","statistical","statistics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"data","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"number","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"1e192d47-e7bc-4bb1-917b-c9b2f256b7d0","word":"statistical","definition":"Relating to the use of statistics.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estadístico","language_family":"latin","root":"status","root_meaning":"condition, state","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statistical","meaning":"relating to statistics","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"statistic","meaning":"numerical fact","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"Statistik","meaning":"science of states","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"statista","meaning":"statesman","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"condition, state","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Neo-Latin"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["statistics","state","status","statist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"numerical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quantitative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"demographic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"56580d6c-8224-4612-bd21-fdc066955037","word":"statistics","definition":"The science of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estadística","language_family":"latin","root":"status","root_meaning":"state, condition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statistics","meaning":"numerical data and its analysis","children":[{"era":"1770s","word":"statistic","meaning":"data about the state","children":[{"era":"1770s","word":"statistik","meaning":"science of state","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["statistic","statistical","statistician","state","status"],"synonyms":[{"word":"data","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"metrics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"numbers","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.916Z"}
{"id":"33b307b8-9a26-40ec-87a1-af8feabd722a","word":"stats","definition":"Plural of stat; informal term for statistics or numerical data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Latin status","root_meaning":"state, condition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stats","meaning":"plural of stat; numerical data or information","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"stat","meaning":"short for statistic","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"statistic","meaning":"numerical fact or data","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"state, condition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stat","statistic","statistics","statistical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"statistics","formality":"formal"},{"word":"figures","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"numbers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"data","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.594Z"}
{"id":"e2617404-3992-4f68-9162-9796273f944b","word":"statue","definition":"A carved or cast figure of a person or animal, especially one that is life-size or larger.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estatua","language_family":"latin","root":"statua","root_meaning":"image, statue","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statue","meaning":"carved figure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"statue","meaning":"statue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statua","meaning":"image, statue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["statute","status","establish","stable","stand","institute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sculpture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effigy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"b0846685-6481-4b39-9cdc-557d62d70ec2","word":"status","definition":"A person's or thing's position in relation to others or their state or condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estatus","language_family":"latin","root":"status","root_meaning":"state, condition, standing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"status","meaning":"position or state of a person or thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"status","meaning":"state, condition, standing","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*stā-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["statute","stationary","station","state"],"synonyms":[{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"condition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"a1dfd7c8-76bb-49b3-8262-ef4ae546e867","word":"statute","definition":"A written law passed by a legislative body, or a permanent rule enacted by an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estatuto","language_family":"latin","root":"statutum","root_meaning":"an ordinance, regulation, something set up","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statute","meaning":"a written law","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"statut","meaning":"a decree, regulation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statutum","meaning":"a regulation, decree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statuere","meaning":"to set up, establish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["state","station","stable","constitute","institution"],"synonyms":[{"word":"law","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decree","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regulation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"act","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"6ad2937e-597f-4252-b4b2-1af82f1a741d","word":"statutory","definition":"Required, permitted, or enacted by statute.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estatutario","language_family":"latin","root":"statutum","root_meaning":"statute, decree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"statutory","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"statutary","meaning":"relating to statutes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"statut","meaning":"statute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statutum","meaning":"statute, decree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"statuere","meaning":"to set up, establish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand, set up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["statute","status","constitute","institution","state"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lawful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decreed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"enacted","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"a0285e92-7eff-4e62-b4e9-0343435759ec","word":"stave","definition":"A vertical wooden post or plank in a building or other structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"staf","root_meaning":"staff, stick","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stabh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stave","meaning":"a strong stick or rod","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"staf","meaning":"staff, stick","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*stabh-","meaning":"pole, post","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["staff","stab"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"ae379a8b-c81d-4ee8-bd3a-a8c9869bc5e5","word":"stay","definition":"To remain in a place, or a period of time spent in a location.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stae","root_meaning":"to stand, remain","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*stā-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stay","meaning":"to remain in place","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"staien","meaning":"to remain, stand","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"stae","meaning":"to stand, stop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*stā-","meaning":"to stand, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["staid","stead","steady","stall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abide","formality":"literary"},{"word":"lodge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"66294ee6-3168-4974-800a-0b350229bb19","word":"steady","definition":"Firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stedi","root_meaning":"fixed, firm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steady","meaning":"Firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stedi","meaning":"fixed, firm","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*stadiz","meaning":"place, stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stand","stable","steadfast","pedestal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"constant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"6913d1ea-bc7b-4643-9a9d-27b502f293f4","word":"steal","definition":"Take (another person's property) without permission or legal right and without intending to return it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stelan","root_meaning":"to steal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steal","meaning":"To take illicitly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stelan","meaning":"to steal","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*stelaną","meaning":"to steal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stealth","stolen","thief","furtive","pilfer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pilfer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thieve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purloin","formality":"formal"},{"word":"swipe","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"36386dd2-e1de-49aa-84a3-645dd76b3870","word":"stealth","definition":"Secret or furtive movement or behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English stælþ","root_meaning":"theft; stealth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stealth","meaning":"secret or furtive movement or behavior","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"Middle English stealth","meaning":"secret movement; stealth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English stælþ","meaning":"theft; stealth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *stalþiz","meaning":"theft; stealth","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"Proto-Indo-European *stel-","meaning":"to steal, rob","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["steal","stealthy","stealthily","stolen","stealer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secrecy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furtiveness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"concealment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"764f5839-2a12-4cdc-bb5d-cb4e6d0464dc","word":"steam","definition":"The vapor into which water is converted when heated, forming a white mist of minute water droplets in the air.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English `stēam`","root_meaning":"vapor, smell, smoke","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steu- (Proto-Germanic, related to 'stink' or 'dust')","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steam","meaning":"water vapor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stēam","meaning":"vapor, smell, smoke","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["stink","stoom (Dutch)","dust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vapor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"88f66cf2-42b1-46e5-81b5-c534f81cb54d","word":"steed","definition":"A horse, especially a spirited one for riding.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"steda","root_meaning":"stallion, stud-horse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stōdiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steed","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"steed","meaning":"steed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steda","meaning":"stallion, stud-horse","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*stōdiz","meaning":"stud-horse","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stud","stand","steady","stallion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mount","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charger","formality":"literary"},{"word":"courser","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"18b80578-5ed4-41d6-8115-f6f80ffa51ef","word":"steel","definition":"A hard alloy of iron and carbon, or to mentally prepare oneself for something difficult.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"acero","language_family":"germanic","root":"stähl","root_meaning":"steel","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*stel- (to place, firm)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steel","meaning":"iron-carbon alloy","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"stele","meaning":"steel","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"stähl","meaning":"steel","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["steely","steelwork","steelworker","stainless steel","steeling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"iron","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alloy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"fortify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"072a3441-cede-4964-b990-1ce8e900020b","word":"steep","definition":"Rising or falling sharply; almost perpendicular.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"steap","root_meaning":"high, lofty, projecting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steep","meaning":"rising or falling sharply","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steap","meaning":"high, lofty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*staupaz","meaning":"steep, high","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["steeple","abrupt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precipitous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sharp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abrupt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"cec10cc0-de3b-4fcd-977c-3eb3d5d7a32e","word":"steer","definition":"To guide the movement of (a vehicle, ship, or aircraft).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"steoran","root_meaning":"to guide, govern","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steh₂r-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steer","meaning":"to guide","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steoran","meaning":"to guide, govern","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"stiuran","meaning":"to steer","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*steh₂r-","meaning":"to steer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sterling","stern","starboard","helmsman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"navigate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pilot","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:13:09.829Z"}
{"id":"653265ab-d7b2-4c44-80c9-948f336d59fa","word":"stein","definition":"An earthenware beer mug, especially one with a lid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*stainaz","root_meaning":"stone","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steyh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stein","meaning":"an earthenware beer mug, especially one with a lid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Stein","meaning":"stone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stainaz","meaning":"stone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*steyh₂-","meaning":"stone","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stone","stony","stoneware","stonemason","stonewall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tankard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beer mug","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"a3e9a71e-48b7-4dfa-8f04-a4c84de69f37","word":"stem","definition":"The main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stemn","root_meaning":"tree trunk, stock, lineage","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stemniz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stem","meaning":"The main body or stalk of a plant or shrub.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stemn","meaning":"tree trunk, stock","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*stemniz","meaning":"trunk, origin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stump","stand","stamina","stamen","stern"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stalk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shaft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"ba3085fc-8eb5-47ed-bfa6-053a2fa2ff0f","word":"stench","definition":"A strong, unpleasant smell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stenc","root_meaning":"odor; smell","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stench","meaning":"a strong, unpleasant smell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stenc","meaning":"smell; odor","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stink","stank","stinking","stinker","stinky"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"odor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"malodor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"d8d9aa20-c05e-4b73-aada-d26bffa3978d","word":"step","definition":"A single pace or movement of the foot in walking; or a rung on a ladder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stepe","root_meaning":"step or footprint","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stebh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"step","meaning":"pace or rung","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"step","meaning":"footstep or stair","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stepe","meaning":"step or footprint","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*stebh-","meaning":"to step or support","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stepping","steps","stepper","footstep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stride","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stair","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.854Z"}
{"id":"da434e53-dfc0-40ca-a62e-96b580fb97e2","word":"stephen","definition":"A male given name of Greek origin meaning 'crowned' or 'wreathed'.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Esteban","language_family":"greek","root":"stephanos","root_meaning":"crown, wreath, garland","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Stephen","meaning":"male given name meaning crowned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Stephanus","meaning":"crowned one","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stephanos","meaning":"crown, wreath, garland","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Steve","Stevens","Stephanie","Stephen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Steven","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Esteban","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Stefan","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.497Z"}
{"id":"779fec6e-0dc9-4aab-bf71-0fdbbbc51c80","word":"stepmother","definition":"The mother of one's half-sibling or the wife of one's parent other than one's own mother.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"step-","root_meaning":"bereaved; orphaned","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stepmother","meaning":"a parent's wife who is not one's biological mother","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"step-","meaning":"bereaved; orphaned; related to loss of a parent","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mother","meaning":"mother","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stepchild","stepfather","stepsister","stepbrother","stepfamily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stepmom","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stepparent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"step-parent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"7e278be1-5c1f-4c1e-a0b4-2a4727a926d2","word":"steps","definition":"Plural of step; movements made by lifting and putting down one foot in front of the other.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"steppan","root_meaning":"to step, go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steps","meaning":"plural of step, movements of feet","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"steps","meaning":"plural of step","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steppan","meaning":"to step, go, proceed","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*steup-","meaning":"to step, stamp, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["step","stepping","stepped","staircase","footstep"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stairs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paces","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stages","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.367Z"}
{"id":"0544f6f6-4744-4722-b387-f192c7bf67a8","word":"stereo","definition":"Pertaining to sound reproduction involving two or more independent audio channels.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estéreo","language_family":"greek","root":"stereos","root_meaning":"solid, firm, rigid","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sterh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stereo","meaning":"sound reproduction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stereos","meaning":"solid, firm","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stereoscope","stereotype","stereophonic","stereometry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"multichannel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"surround","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"568b93a9-d0e9-4fcc-9d6c-7b3bbe04a4f9","word":"stereotype","definition":"A widely held but oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estereotipo","language_family":"greek","root":"stereos + typos","root_meaning":"solid impression","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"stereós (στερεός) + týpos (τύπος)","meaning":"Solid + impression, mold. Originally a printing term for a fixed cast.","children":[{"era":"1798","word":"stereotype","meaning":"A fixed, oversimplified idea.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"estereotipo","meaning":"Stereotype.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["stereotypical","stereo","prototype"],"synonyms":[{"word":"generalization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cliche","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preconception","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"ca30034d-1eed-4feb-a1b3-35d6797467f1","word":"sterile","definition":"Unable to produce offspring or growth; barren, or free of living microorganisms in a medical or laboratory sense.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estéril","language_family":"latin","root":"sterilis","root_meaning":"barren, unfruitful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sterile","meaning":"unable to produce offspring or growth; barren, or free of living microorganisms in a medical or laboratory sense","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sterile","meaning":"barren, unfruitful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sterilis","meaning":"barren, unfruitful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sterility","sterilize","sterilization","steriliser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"barren","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infertile","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aseptic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"a50c74f4-e66f-41f9-9cf9-ad659b9c35b1","word":"sterling","definition":"(Of a person or their work, efforts, or qualities) excellent or admirable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"steorra","root_meaning":"star","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ster-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sterling","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"13th C.","word":"sterlinge","meaning":"a coin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"steorra","meaning":"star (referring to a small star mark on coins)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["star","steer","astrolabe","disaster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outstanding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"b9e71ff9-92cf-44f5-8031-dea61cc9ce99","word":"stern","definition":"(of a person or their manner) Serious and unrelenting, especially in the assertion of authority and exercise of discipline.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"styrne","root_meaning":"strict, severe, austere","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ster-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stern","meaning":"serious and unrelenting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"styrne","meaning":"strict, severe, cruel","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stare","stiff","austere","start"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"severe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harsh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"austere","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"b71389ce-0a08-4d34-879a-1c2f5c489221","word":"steroid","definition":"A class of organic compounds with a four-ring carbon skeleton, many of which act as hormones or drugs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"esteroide","language_family":"greek","root":"stereos","root_meaning":"solid","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ster-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steroid","meaning":"a class of organic compounds with a four-ring carbon skeleton","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"stéroïde","meaning":"steroid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"στεροειδής","meaning":"solid-like","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"στερεός","meaning":"solid","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["steroidal","steroidogenesis","corticosteroid","anabolic steroid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steroidal compound","formality":"technical"},{"word":"steroid hormone","formality":"technical"},{"word":"anabolic steroid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"281cdd6d-bc06-444d-b578-05db9d5f366e","word":"steve","definition":"A male given name, often used as a proper noun for persons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Esteban","language_family":"greek","root":"stephanos","root_meaning":"crown, garland","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stebh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Steve","meaning":"proper name for a person","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Stephen","meaning":"person named after the crown","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Stephanus","meaning":"one crowned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stephanos","meaning":"crown, garland","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Stephen","Steven","Stefan","Etienne","Stefano"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Stephen","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Steven","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"f8fbbe67-4921-417e-b54a-9bece7109ef8","word":"steward","definition":"A person who manages household affairs, property, or resources for another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English stīweard","root_meaning":"household guardian","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"steward","meaning":"one who manages or oversees affairs for another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English stīweard","meaning":"household guardian or manager","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stīġ / stī","meaning":"hall, house, or sty","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weard","meaning":"guardian, keeper","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stewards","stewardess","stewardship","stewarding","stewarded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caretaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overseer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"e8b2c06e-12b8-4c1a-aaea-2892ac65ea9f","word":"stick","definition":"To pierce, prod, or adhere to a surface; also, a slender piece of wood.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"estaca","language_family":"germanic","root":"stician","root_meaning":"to pierce, stab","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stick","meaning":"to pierce, adhere","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stician","meaning":"to pierce, stab","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*steig-","meaning":"to prick, to point","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stake","stitch","sticky","stigma","instigate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adhere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jab","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"68c0616a-3429-4558-a79d-2de429802add","word":"sticker","definition":"An adhesive label or decorative item.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stician","root_meaning":"to pierce, to adhere","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sticker","meaning":"adhesive label","children":[{"era":"current","word":"stick","meaning":"to adhere","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stician","meaning":"to pierce, to adhere","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stick","sticky","stuck","attachment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"label","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adhesive","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"87dce553-ee5d-46ec-8d1c-949483117fa8","word":"sticky","definition":"Having the properties of glue; adhering to surfaces.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stician","root_meaning":"to pierce, adhere","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sticky","meaning":"adhesive","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"stick","meaning":"to pierce, adhere","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stician","meaning":"to pierce, prick, adhere","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"having the quality of","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stick","stitch","tacky","adhere","adhesive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adhesive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gummy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gluey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"viscous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"665c6a9e-6de2-4dbd-9cac-59783ecef690","word":"stiff","definition":"Not easily bent or changed in shape; rigid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stif","root_meaning":"stiff, rigid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stīf-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stiff","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stif","meaning":"stiff, rigid","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*stīf-","meaning":"to be rigid, stiff","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stifle","starve","obstinate","stave"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rigid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inflexible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"6bffeccd-fd39-45d7-9869-2e9c97f76a28","word":"stile","definition":"A set of steps or a narrow opening that lets people cross a fence or wall while keeping livestock out.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stiġel","root_meaning":"stile, set of steps for crossing a fence","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steygʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stile","meaning":"a set of steps or narrow passage over a fence or wall","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"stile","meaning":"a fence-crossing with steps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stiġel","meaning":"stile, set of steps for getting over a fence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stigilu","meaning":"entry, overpass, device for climbing","children":[{"era":"8000s BCE","word":"*steygʰ-","meaning":"to climb, mount","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stair","stairs","stairway","staircase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crossing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"steps","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"5357dd9a-1288-448b-ba29-b00047a5af37","word":"still","definition":"Without movement or activity; motionless; or continuing without change up to the present.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stille","root_meaning":"calm, quiet, still","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"still","meaning":"motionless or continuing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"still","meaning":"calm, quiet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stille","meaning":"calm","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stiller","stillness","stillborn","distill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"motionless","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quiet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"continuing","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"68fde651-77e1-4a69-803b-c0565396c27a","word":"stimulate","definition":"To encourage activity, growth, or increased action.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"estimular","language_family":"latin","root":"stimulus","root_meaning":"goad or pointed stick","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stimulate","meaning":"to encourage activity, growth, or increased action","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stimulare","meaning":"to goad, spur on","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stimulus","meaning":"goad or pointed stick","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stimulus","stimulation","stimulant","stimulative","stimulating"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encourage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incite","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"08e3e5b0-22ef-4130-8fac-e7d97e5e72a8","word":"sting","definition":"To prick or wound with a sharp-pointed part, often injecting venom; also, a sharp, burning pain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stingan","root_meaning":"to prick, pierce, thrust","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stinganą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sting","meaning":"prick; sharp pain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stingan","meaning":"to prick, pierce, thrust","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*stinganą","meaning":"to prick, thrust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stinger","stung","stick","stitch","puncture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puncture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"2df2b303-f073-4d03-8e6b-750591ecc65d","word":"stink","definition":"To emit a strong, unpleasant smell.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stincan","root_meaning":"to emit odor, to rise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stinkwan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stink","meaning":"to emit unpleasant smell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stincan","meaning":"to give off a smell","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*stinkwan-","meaning":"to push, to prick, to smell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stench","stank","stinkard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foul","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"3e8f7440-d8d0-4afe-908a-5e2762fed8a0","word":"stinky","definition":"Having a strong, unpleasant smell.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*stinkwaną","root_meaning":"to stink, emit a smell","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stengʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stinky","meaning":"having a strong, unpleasant smell","children":[{"era":"current","word":"stink","meaning":"to smell unpleasant","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"stinken","meaning":"to smell strongly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stincan","meaning":"to emit a smell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stinkwaną","meaning":"to stink, emit a smell","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*stengʷ-","meaning":"to push, thrust, strike","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjective-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stink","stinker","stinking","stinkiest","stinkily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"smelly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foul-smelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"malodorous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"89057453-369f-4f68-8ad9-505f1650848d","word":"stir","definition":"To move a spoon or other implement around in a liquid or other substance in order to mix it thoroughly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"styrian","root_meaning":"'to move', 'to disturb', 'to rouse'","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sterh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stir","meaning":"to move or mix","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"styrian","meaning":"to move, to disturb","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*steurjaną","meaning":"to move, stir","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stirrup","start","storm","disturb","astir","stirring"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mix","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rouse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"9db1e7a6-7d08-4670-a001-c4c7a6a2770a","word":"stitch","definition":"A loop of thread or yarn resulting from a single pass of a needle in sewing, knitting, or crocheting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stician","root_meaning":"to pierce, stab","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stitch","meaning":"a loop of thread","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stician","meaning":"to pierce, stab","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*steig-","meaning":"to prick, pierce","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stick","prick","stimulus","sting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suture","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dart","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"ccd3d2ba-8fa8-4996-a39c-1f8d04ba494a","word":"stock","definition":"A supply of goods kept for sale or a share of ownership in a company.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stoc","root_meaning":"tree trunk, log, post","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stock","meaning":"supply or share ownership","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stock","meaning":"trunk, store of goods","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stoc","meaning":"log, post, trunk","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*stuk-","meaning":"to stick, pierce","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stocks","stocking","stockpile","livestock"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inventory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shares","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.420Z"}
{"id":"38b549d3-e36d-447a-af6c-171978764e3d","word":"stocking","definition":"A close-fitting garment, usually knitted, covering the foot and leg, often extending above the knee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stocc","root_meaning":"tree trunk, log, post","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stocking","meaning":"garment for the foot and leg","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"stokking","meaning":"a close-fitting garment for the leg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stocc","meaning":"tree trunk, log, post","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stock","stick","stoke","stob","stockade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hosiery","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legging","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"62e30ab7-536a-42ea-9fb5-75671d235dfb","word":"stomach","definition":"The internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estómago","language_family":"greek","root":"stoma","root_meaning":"mouth, opening","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stom-","etymology_tree":{"era":"14th c.","word":"stomach","meaning":"organ of digestion","children":[{"era":"12th c.","word":"estomac","meaning":"stomach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stomachus","meaning":"gullet, stomach","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stomakhos","meaning":"throat, gullet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stoma","meaning":"mouth, opening","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["gastric","stomata","gastronomy","stomatal","ostomy","mouth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"belly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"abdomen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gut","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"a44bca36-320a-4c27-97c6-86ec3b298e27","word":"stone","definition":"A hard, solid non-metallic mineral matter that forms rocks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stan","root_meaning":"to stand, stiff","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stone","meaning":"hard rock material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stan","meaning":"stone","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stan","meaning":"stiff, hard","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stony","standing","stand","stonily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pebble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boulder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mineral","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.502Z"}
{"id":"39b34d71-d694-42c8-901f-e04ee6a2480a","word":"stool","definition":"A backless and armless single seat or a small, low support for the feet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stōl","root_meaning":"seat, chair","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stōlaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stool","meaning":"a type of seat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stōl","meaning":"seat, chair","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stōlaz","meaning":"seat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chair","footstool","stand","stall"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hassock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"6d43f753-1483-4b3a-a214-8d4b77f16953","word":"stoop","definition":"To bend the upper body forward or downward, or to lower oneself in rank or dignity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*stūpōną","root_meaning":"to bend; stoop","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*(s)tewb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stoop","meaning":"To bend the upper body forward or downward.","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"stoupen","meaning":"To bend or bow down.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stūpian","meaning":"To bow; bend.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stūpōn","meaning":"To bend downward.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*stūpōną","meaning":"To bend; stoop.","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*(s)tewb-","meaning":"To push, butt, knock.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stooped","stooping","stooper","stoopless","stoup"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crouch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"fb902152-da5f-442d-b5c0-b3f46f47e0d0","word":"stop","definition":"To cease movement or action; to come to a halt.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stoppian","root_meaning":"to stop up, block","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stop","meaning":"to cease, halt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stoppe","meaning":"to stop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stoppian","meaning":"to stop up, block","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*stup-","meaning":"to push, stop","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stopped","stopping","stoppage","stopover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cease","formality":"formal"},{"word":"halt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pause","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"be1eee67-20c1-4b11-8cca-0030e1ef16de","word":"storage","definition":"The action or method of storing something, or a place where things are kept.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"almacenaje","language_family":"germanic","root":"stor","root_meaning":"to store, furnish","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*stur-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"storage","meaning":"act or place of storing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"store","meaning":"supply, stock","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"estor","meaning":"furnishings, provisions","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sturjan","meaning":"to furnish, provide","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["store","storey","storekeeper","restore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stockpile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repository","formality":"formal"},{"word":"warehouse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.270Z"}
{"id":"d0037a74-d203-4815-bd82-b71c4e5aaa9f","word":"store","definition":"A shop or place where goods are kept and sold.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estorado","language_family":"french","root":"estor","root_meaning":"resources, provisions","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"store","meaning":"a shop or place of goods","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"store","meaning":"a supply, stock","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"estor","meaning":"provisions, supplies","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["storage","stored","storeroom","storehouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retail outlet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"establishment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"3958e8a7-d394-481a-8979-1e16bf5262d5","word":"stores","definition":"Plural of store; places where goods are sold or supplies kept.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estores","language_family":"french","root":"estorer","root_meaning":"to restore, to stock","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stores","meaning":"retail shops or stockpiles","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"store","meaning":"a supply or stock","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estorer","meaning":"to restore, stock","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + restaurāre","meaning":"to restore","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["store","storage","stockpile","warehouse","restore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shops","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplies","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stocks","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reserves","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.877Z"}
{"id":"4d772841-cae7-424f-b7c2-89d052e2a18c","word":"stories","definition":"Plural of story; narratives or accounts of events, real or imaginary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"historias","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek historia","root_meaning":"inquiry, finding out, narrative","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stories","meaning":"narratives or accounts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"story","meaning":"narrative","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"storie","meaning":"narrative account","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historia","meaning":"account, narrative","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["story","storyteller","storied","history"],"synonyms":[{"word":"narratives","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accounts","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tales","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"e3e13860-736b-4cb8-af74-6f9ec92a9b57","word":"storm","definition":"A violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"storm","root_meaning":"storm, tempest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stur-mo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"storm","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"storm","meaning":"storm, tempest","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sturmaz","meaning":"storm","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*sterh-","meaning":"to spread, to strew","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stormy","tempest","squall","gale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tempest","formality":"literary"},{"word":"gale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blizzard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"aa46130f-c86e-4f42-ac42-a3f1dd2e42bf","word":"stormy","definition":"Stormy means marked by storm, rough weather, or emotional turbulence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"storm","root_meaning":"storm; violent weather","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sturmaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stormy","meaning":"marked by storm, rough weather, or emotional turbulence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"storm","meaning":"violent weather","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sturmaz","meaning":"storm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"adjectival suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["storm","storming","storminess","storm-battered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tempestuous","formality":"literary"},{"word":"turbulent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blustery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"c9234250-cef1-4fbb-a7d3-8ded44965ce5","word":"story","definition":"A narrative account of events or an account that may or may not be true.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"historia","language_family":"french","root":"storie","root_meaning":"narrative, tale, historical account","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"story","meaning":"a narrative or account of events","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"story","meaning":"tale, narrative","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"storie","meaning":"history, tale, narrative","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historia","meaning":"narrative, history","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"historía","meaning":"inquiry, finding out, narrative","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stories","history","historian","storied","storyteller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"narrative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anecdote","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"75d3d7f5-776e-461e-ab92-f678b7d3b78c","word":"straight","definition":"Extending uniformly in one direction without bending or curving.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"streccean","root_meaning":"to stretch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*strek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"straight","meaning":"extending uniformly without bending","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"straight","meaning":"stretched out, direct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streccean","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stretch","strain","strict","constrain","distress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"linear","formality":"technical"},{"word":"unbent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"7e27341e-8646-42af-975a-960e3fb411a2","word":"straightaway","definition":"Straightaway means immediately or without delay.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"straightaway","meaning":"immediately; without delay","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"straight","meaning":"direct, not crooked","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streht","meaning":"straightened","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"away","meaning":"off, from here, at a distance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on weg","meaning":"on the way, away","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["straight","straightway","away","straightforward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immediately","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instantly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at once","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"16b046e8-472c-4274-b278-5d9875db744b","word":"straighten","definition":"To make or become straight; to put in order.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"streht","root_meaning":"straight, stretched out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*strekt-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"straighten","meaning":"make straight","children":[{"era":"current","word":"straight","meaning":"not bent","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"streght","meaning":"straight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streht","meaning":"stretched out (past participle of streccan 'to stretch')","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*strekt-","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English (adjective)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["straight","stretch","strait","string","strict","straightaway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unbend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"align","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rectify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:22:12.786Z"}
{"id":"00318c43-c7f3-48d1-873c-0c908898677a","word":"strand","definition":"A single thin length of something, typically fiber, hair, or wire.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stranda","root_meaning":"shore, bank","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stran-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strand","meaning":"single thin length","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"strond","meaning":"shore, bank, thread","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stranda","meaning":"shore, bank","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stream","string","strew","current"],"synonyms":[{"word":"filament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thread","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"a21dbcfc-add0-4237-9599-d1767f064fe8","word":"strange","definition":"Unusual or surprising in a way that is unsettling or hard to understand.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"extraño","language_family":"latin","root":"extraneus","root_meaning":"external, foreign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*eghs-tero-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strange","meaning":"unusual, unfamiliar","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"strange","meaning":"foreign, alien","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"estraneus","meaning":"external, foreign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stranger","estrange","extraneous","external"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"odd","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weird","formality":"informal"},{"word":"peculiar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"4aebe438-27fd-4c2c-b874-23220cb0cf6f","word":"stranger","definition":"A person whom one does not know or with whom one is not familiar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"estrangier","root_meaning":"foreigner, alien","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stranger","meaning":"A person whom one does not know or with whom one is not familiar.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estranger","meaning":"to alienate, to make a stranger","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estrangier","meaning":"foreigner, alien","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extraneus","meaning":"external, foreign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extra","meaning":"outside","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strange","estrange","external","extra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unknown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foreigner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outsider","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"14b3588d-e942-4ae3-b50d-48066af4c017","word":"strangle","definition":"to kill or injure by squeezing or constricting the throat or windpipe.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"estrangular","language_family":"latin","root":"strangulare","root_meaning":"to choke, throttle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stren-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strangle","meaning":"to choke","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estrangler","meaning":"to choke","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strangulare","meaning":"to choke, throttle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strangalan","meaning":"to choke","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strangos","meaning":"twisted","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strangulation","strangler","constrict","choke","throttle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"throttle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garrote","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"16a39385-55f5-41c4-b6df-2afbef7a51f1","word":"strap","definition":"A flat strip or band of leather or other flexible material, used for fastening, securing, or carrying.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"streppan","root_meaning":"to pull, draw","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*streb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strap","meaning":"a strip of material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streppan","meaning":"to pull, draw","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*streb-","meaning":"to pull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strip","strop","stripe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tether","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"f6ecb4b2-490c-4a08-ad48-e36f6a19ce48","word":"strategic","definition":"Relating to the planning and implementation of long-term goals and policies, especially in military or business contexts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estratégico","language_family":"greek","root":"strategia","root_meaning":"generalship, military science","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strategic","meaning":"relating to long-term planning","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"strategic","meaning":"of or relating to strategy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strategia","meaning":"generalship, military science","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strategos","meaning":"general, commander","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strategy","strategist","strategically","strategize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tactical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deliberate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"long-term","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"5f881e22-1615-4a65-ba1d-a5ca2dda26b9","word":"strategies","definition":"Plans of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estrategias","language_family":"greek","root":"strategia","root_meaning":"generalship, art of war","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strategies","meaning":"plans of action","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"strategy","meaning":"art of war","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strategia","meaning":"generalship","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strategy","strategic","strategist","strategize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scheme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tactic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"918a6ab6-b95e-4181-936e-6d8caed876ee","word":"strategy","definition":"A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term goal or objective.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estrategia","language_family":"greek","root":"strategia","root_meaning":"generalship; command of an army","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stratos (army) + *agos (leader)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strategy","meaning":"plan for achieving long-term goals","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strategia","meaning":"generalship, military command","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stratos","meaning":"army, host","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"agos","meaning":"leader","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strategic","strategist","strategize","strategical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tactic","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"81d3335a-d3f8-4808-aec4-1fe9a53eeb35","word":"straw","definition":"Dried stalks of grain, used as fodder or bedding, or for making hats and baskets.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strēaw","root_meaning":"straw, material to strew","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*stere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"straw","meaning":"dried stalks of grain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strēaw","meaning":"straw, anything scattered","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*strawam","meaning":"straw","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strew","stratum","street","construct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fodder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stalk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"5985de93-9815-4c64-b01c-9160dee65671","word":"strawberry","definition":"An edible sweet soft red fruit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strēawberige","root_meaning":"straw-berry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strawberry","meaning":"edible red fruit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strēawberige","meaning":"straw-berry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strēaw","meaning":"straw","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"berige","meaning":"berry","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["straw","berry","blackberry","raspberry","gooseberry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"berry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"c597cfb9-655c-4bf4-9683-bd5103f73801","word":"stray","definition":"To wander from the right place or a set path; to deviate.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"extra","root_meaning":"outside of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stray","meaning":"wander off","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estraier","meaning":"to wander about, go astray","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"extra","meaning":"outside of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extra","extraneous","estrangement","street"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deviate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"fe8523cf-10ff-4e34-9e16-ebd89f746994","word":"streak","definition":"A long, thin mark or strip.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strica","root_meaning":"a line, strip","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*streyg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"streak","meaning":"long, thin mark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strica","meaning":"a line, strip","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*strikan","meaning":"to stroke, to draw","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stroke","strike","stretch","strip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stripe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"line","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vein","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"f5939ca2-a1b7-4281-aba0-093068d59766","word":"stream","definition":"A small river or a continuous flow of liquid, gas, or data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strēam","root_meaning":"stream or current of water","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*srew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stream","meaning":"small river or continuous flow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strēam","meaning":"flowing water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strēamian","meaning":"to flow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stream","streaming","streamer","streamline","streamed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creek","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"torrent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"423e94d3-a7b2-4f83-a5ad-08f536012a40","word":"street","definition":"A public road or path in a city or town with buildings on either side.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"calle","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin strata","root_meaning":"paved way, path","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"street","meaning":"public road in town","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"strete","meaning":"paved road","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strata","meaning":"paved way, path","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["streetcar","streetlight","streetwise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"road","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"avenue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thoroughfare","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"fd62f62c-133f-4f1c-9083-be4236238e4e","word":"strength","definition":"the quality or state of being physically strong or powerful.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strang","root_meaning":"strong, rigid","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*strengaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strength","meaning":"the quality of being strong","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"strength","meaning":"power, force","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strengu","meaning":"strength, stiffness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strang","meaning":"strong, rigid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strong","strengthen","stronger","strongest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"power","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"might","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"e7b4163e-19e1-4e7b-a93a-8471ba1c18fa","word":"strengthen","definition":"To make or become stronger.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"streng","root_meaning":"strong","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*strengʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strengthen","meaning":"To make or become stronger.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"strengðen","meaning":"to make strong","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streng","meaning":"strong","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-en","meaning":"verb suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strong","strength","stronger","forcefully","invigorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reinforce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fortify","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consolidate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"empower","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"0161e87a-e7d4-4c88-8e65-cca45fdb8985","word":"stress","definition":"Physical force or pressure exerted on something, or mental or emotional strain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estrés","language_family":"french","root":"strictus","root_meaning":"drawn tight, narrow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*streig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stress","meaning":"force or strain","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stress","meaning":"physical force or hardship","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estresse","meaning":"narrowness, tightness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strictus","meaning":"drawn tight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stressed","stressful","distress","stringent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pressure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tension","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anxiety","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"835e69a9-a062-4b7a-9159-a88068933772","word":"stressful","definition":"Causing mental or emotional stress.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"stringere","root_meaning":"to draw tight, bind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*strengʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stressful","meaning":"causing stress","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"stress","meaning":"pressure, force","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"distress","meaning":"affliction, oppression","children":[{"era":"600s","word":"districtia","meaning":"affliction, distress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stringere","meaning":"to draw tight, bind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stress","distressed","strict","stringent","constrict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"demanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taxing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arduous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"dd7105dd-583d-42e1-9702-e16fd1e28f9d","word":"stretch","definition":"To extend one's limbs or body to their full extent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"streccan","root_meaning":"to stretch, extend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*streg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stretch","meaning":"To extend one's body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streccan","meaning":"to stretch, extend","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strait","strict","strain","strenuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elongate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expand","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"a36622cc-4d3c-4152-8ed4-26e2ce55c4ea","word":"stretcher","definition":"A stretcher is a frame or litter used to carry an injured or ill person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"streccan","root_meaning":"to stretch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stretcher","meaning":"a frame or litter for carrying a person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stretch","meaning":"to draw out or extend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streccan","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"one that performs an action or serves a function","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stretch","stretched","stretching","stretchable","stretchiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"litter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gurney","formality":"technical"},{"word":"carrier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"ac08ad83-fbd6-4111-ae15-d37c816309e3","word":"strict","definition":"Demanding that rules concerning behavior are obeyed and observed precisely.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estricto","language_family":"latin","root":"strictus","root_meaning":"drawn tight, bound, compressed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*streig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strict","meaning":"Demanding precise obedience","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"strictus","meaning":"drawn tight, bound, compressed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stringere","meaning":"to draw tight, bind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["constrict","restrict","district","string"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rigorous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"austere","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"8890904d-da77-4716-99b8-e1565c040394","word":"stride","definition":"To walk with long, decisive steps.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strīdan","root_meaning":"to stride; to walk with long steps","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stride","meaning":"to walk with long steps","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"striden","meaning":"to stride; to walk with long steps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strīdan","meaning":"to stride; to walk with long steps","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["striding","stridden","strider","strided","stride length"],"synonyms":[{"word":"step","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"walk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"f1b315aa-b335-409a-9fcb-b4c96a301bc4","word":"strike","definition":"To hit forcibly and deliberately with one's hand or a weapon or other implement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strican","root_meaning":"to stroke, rub, go over, move quickly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*streg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strike","meaning":"To hit forcibly and deliberately.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strican","meaning":"to stroke, rub, go over","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*strikan","meaning":"to stroke, rub","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*streg-","meaning":"to stroke, press, rub","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["striking","striker","strikes","struck","non-strike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"punch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"14d2a5b5-6ce4-43f3-afd3-68c7c03f3a6a","word":"string","definition":"A thin cord or thread of twisted fibers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English streng","root_meaning":"strong, stiff","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*strengaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"string","meaning":"thin cord or thread","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"streng","meaning":"strong, stiff","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*strengaz","meaning":"strong, rigid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strong","strain","stringent","strung"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"ea0915dc-50dd-4b91-80fb-c1d4f39d2eeb","word":"strip","definition":"To remove all coverings or belongings from something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stripan","root_meaning":"to pluck, to strip off","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strip","meaning":"To remove all coverings or belongings from something","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stripan","meaning":"to pluck, to strip off","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stripe","stripling","unstrip","stripper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"denude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"divest","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"965c2223-2572-47de-b112-7b8041dc85aa","word":"stripe","definition":"A long narrow band or strip, typically of a different color or texture from the surface beside it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strippe","root_meaning":"strap, strip","root_language":"Low German/Dutch","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stripe","meaning":"a long narrow band","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"stripe","meaning":"a strip of cloth","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strip","strapping","stripy","stripes","strafe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"line","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"streak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"54ce79ff-5df8-4e79-adeb-4d663f2167ec","word":"strive","definition":"To make a great effort or struggle earnestly toward a goal.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*strībaną","root_meaning":"to struggle or strive","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strive","meaning":"to exert great effort toward a goal","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"Middle English striven","meaning":"to contend or struggle","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French estriver","meaning":"to contend, quarrel, struggle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *strībaną","meaning":"to struggle or strive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strife","striving","striver","striven"],"synonyms":[{"word":"struggle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endeavor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"c51a7c7a-60dc-4615-8afe-d3eab548c7c2","word":"stroke","definition":"A sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strīcan","root_meaning":"to move, to go, to strike","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*streig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stroke","meaning":"sudden disabling attack","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strīcan","meaning":"to move, to go, to strike","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*streig-","meaning":"to stroke, to rub, to press","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strike","streak","strew","stroll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attack","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apoplexy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"seizure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"adf9ed37-bc70-4ad9-9cb6-cd80a5aa6e08","word":"stroll","definition":"Walk in a leisurely way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"strolen","root_meaning":"to roam, wander","root_language":"Swiss German","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stroll","meaning":"walk leisurely","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"strolen","meaning":"to roam, wander","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"strellen","meaning":"to roam aimlessly","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Swiss German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stray","prowl","ramble","wander"],"synonyms":[{"word":"saunter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wander","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promenade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"899a15a6-88cf-4a59-926e-d6f0556985a4","word":"strong","definition":"Having great physical power, ability to withstand force, or intensity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English streng","root_meaning":"stiff, rigid, powerful","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*strenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"strong","meaning":"physically powerful, intense","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"strong","meaning":"stiff, rigid, powerful","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*strenk-","meaning":"to pull tight, make rigid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["strength","stronger","strongly","strengthen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"powerful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mighty","formality":"literary"},{"word":"robust","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"3c3340a6-6ac1-46db-9166-4428625c4efc","word":"structural","definition":"Of or relating to the structure of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estructural","language_family":"latin","root":"structura","root_meaning":"a building, arrangement","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*stere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"structural","meaning":"relating to structure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"structura","meaning":"a building, arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"struere","meaning":"to build, to arrange","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*stere-","meaning":"to spread, extend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["structure","construct","destroy","instruct","obstruct","superstructure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"architectural","formality":"technical"},{"word":"foundational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skeletal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"b4f60534-6465-4597-9fd0-0a29e0e3d62a","word":"structure","definition":"The arrangement or organization of parts that make up a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estructura","language_family":"latin","root":"struere","root_meaning":"to build, construct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*strew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"structure","meaning":"arrangement of parts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"structure","meaning":"building, framework","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"structūra","meaning":"a building, arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"struere","meaning":"to build, construct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["construct","instruct","destruct","infrastructure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"framework","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"construction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"fcb05b3e-b6b3-4ce0-abce-e70d0df3bf94","word":"structures","definition":"Complex systems or frameworks of organized parts that form a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estructuras","language_family":"latin","root":"structura","root_meaning":"arrangement, construction","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"structures","meaning":"complex systems or frameworks","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"structure","meaning":"arrangement, framework","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"structura","meaning":"arrangement, construction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"struere","meaning":"to build, arrange","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["structure","structural","construct","infrastructure","superstructure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frameworks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organizations","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrangements","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"3cea0f96-c21b-45a6-b6b7-ce564024900d","word":"struggle","definition":"To make strenuous or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"estrugler","root_meaning":"to wrestle, struggle","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"struggle","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"estrugler","meaning":"to wrestle, struggle","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"struggeln","meaning":"to wrestle, strive","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["struggling","struggled","straggle","wrestle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wrestle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"9487a515-8935-4972-a690-4af40a9068fb","word":"stubborn","definition":"Having or showing a determination not to change one's attitude or position on something, especially in spite of good reasons or persuasion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stub","root_meaning":"tree stump, block","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*steup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stubborn","meaning":"obstinate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stubbe","meaning":"tree stump, block","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"current","word":"-born","meaning":"having the nature of","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stub","stumpy","stubby","obstinate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"obdurate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"headstrong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mulish","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"14ee5c9d-e9a5-40a0-998e-e814311626d1","word":"stud","definition":"An ornamental knob or nail head; a male animal, especially a horse, kept for breeding.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"studu","root_meaning":"post, prop","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*steud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stud","meaning":"ornamental knob; male breeding animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"studu","meaning":"post, prop","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*steud-","meaning":"to push, strike","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stout","stump","steed","buttress","stallion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"knob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fastener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sire","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pillar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"fffc3b60-fd74-40ce-a797-fa5f2c8feed2","word":"student","definition":"A person who is learning or studying at a school, college, or university.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estudiante","language_family":"latin","root":"studere","root_meaning":"to be eager, to study, apply oneself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"student","meaning":"person learning at school","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"student","meaning":"one who studies","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"student","meaning":"zealous, diligent, studying","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["study","student","studied","studying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"learner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pupil","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"836d7237-e8f5-4572-b3f2-2ef182d1ddd2","word":"students","definition":"Persons engaged in learning at a school or university.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estudiantes","language_family":"latin","root":"studere","root_meaning":"to study, be eager","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"students","meaning":"learners","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"student","meaning":"one who studies","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"studium","meaning":"study, eagerness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"studere","meaning":"to study, be eager","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["student","study","studied","studious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"learners","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pupils","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scholars","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.420Z"}
{"id":"015800d8-f703-44f6-af31-9bee59af9205","word":"studies","definition":"Devotion of time and attention to acquiring knowledge or conducting research.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estudios","language_family":"latin","root":"studium","root_meaning":"eagerness or dedication","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"studies","meaning":"scholarly pursuits","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"study","meaning":"to examine or investigate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"studium","meaning":"eagerness, dedication","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["study","studied","studying","student","studious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"research","formality":"formal"},{"word":"investigation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"learning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"dbc49496-d841-4086-ab7a-41451bca01df","word":"studio","definition":"A room or building where artists or musicians work or perform.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estudio","language_family":"latin","root":"studium","root_meaning":"eagerness, dedication to study","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"studio","meaning":"artist's or musician's workroom","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"studio","meaning":"place of study, workshop","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"studium","meaning":"eagerness, dedication, place of study","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"studere","meaning":"to be eager, to study","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["study","student","studious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"workshop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atelier","formality":"formal"},{"word":"workplace","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"c7c98234-6538-4509-af7e-cf330ca6fbe7","word":"study","definition":"The act of learning about a subject or a room for work and reading.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estudio","language_family":"french","root":"Old French estudie","root_meaning":"dedication, eagerness","root_language":"Latin studium","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"study","meaning":"learning or work room","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"studie","meaning":"devotion, study","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"estudie","meaning":"zeal, dedication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"studium","meaning":"eagerness, dedication, study","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["student","studied","studies","studious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"learning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"research","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"40989093-ca7c-495e-9aa1-f7e4192f1bf1","word":"stuff","definition":"Material or fabric, or a collection of items or possessions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"estoffe","root_meaning":"material, cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stuff","meaning":"material, possessions, or matter","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"stuffe","meaning":"material, cloth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estoffe","meaning":"material, cloth, equipment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"estuffer","meaning":"to equip, fill","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stuffing","stuffed","stuffy","materials"],"synonyms":[{"word":"material","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fabric","formality":"formal"},{"word":"things","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"22e19cac-0dc4-4e56-8dae-50b14a14b342","word":"stumble","definition":"To hit one's foot against something and nearly fall; to make a mistake or falter.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stumbelen","root_meaning":"to trip","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stumble","meaning":"to trip or falter","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"stumbelen","meaning":"to trip, to fall","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stump","stamp","tumble","crumble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"falter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blunder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"err","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"29f1a28b-4440-4aaf-ad5b-70963931a14e","word":"stump","definition":"A stump is the short remaining base of a tree trunk or limb after it has been cut or broken off.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *stubb-","root_meaning":"stump; blunt, short piece","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stump","meaning":"the short remaining base of a cut or broken-off tree trunk or limb","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle Low German stump / Middle Dutch stomp","meaning":"stump; blunt, dull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *stubb-","meaning":"stump; blunt, short piece","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German / Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stumpy","stumped","stumper","stumpage","stump speech"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"base","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remnant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"ebd6a064-440a-4a2d-8f53-94a11c32e502","word":"stunt","definition":"To hinder the normal growth or development of.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"stytta","root_meaning":"to shorten, cut short","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stunt","meaning":"To hinder the normal growth or development of.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"styntan","meaning":"to make short, blunt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stytta","meaning":"to shorten, cut short","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["short","stint","blunt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hinder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impede","formality":"formal"},{"word":"restrict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retard","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"611c0139-13e2-4203-991c-4ee5a9f8f406","word":"stupid","definition":"Having or showing a great lack of intelligence or common sense.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"estúpido","language_family":"latin","root":"stupere","root_meaning":"to be stunned, amazed, struck senseless","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stupid","meaning":"Having or showing a great lack of intelligence or common sense.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"stupide","meaning":"dull, senseless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stupidus","meaning":"astonished, amazed, dull, senseless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stupere","meaning":"to be stunned, amazed, struck senseless","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*steup-","meaning":"to push, stick, strike","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stupefy","stupor","astounding","obtuse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foolish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dumb","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"a227c899-8b2f-406b-bc5a-b37906d6f846","word":"stupidity","definition":"The quality of being very silly or foolish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estupidez","language_family":"latin","root":"stupiditas","root_meaning":"dullness, senselessness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stupidity","meaning":"The quality of being very silly or foolish.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stupiditas","meaning":"dullness, senselessness, stupidity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stupidus","meaning":"dull, astonished","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stupere","meaning":"to be stunned, to be amazed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stupid","stupefy","stupor","astonish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"foolishness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idiocy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ignorance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"b55e099b-f519-4065-a0ea-325999140c3a","word":"stutter","definition":"To speak with involuntary repetitions or blocks.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stutter","meaning":"to speak with involuntary repetitions or blocks","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stutten","meaning":"to stutter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stotteren","meaning":"to stutter","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stuttering","stuttered","stutterer","stutters"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stammer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"falter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splutter","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"549b3c28-3be4-428e-bc12-ef4355eb70f8","word":"style","definition":"A distinctive manner of expression or execution characteristic of a person or group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estilo","language_family":"latin","root":"stilus","root_meaning":"pointed writing instrument","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"style","meaning":"manner of expression","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"stile","meaning":"way of writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stilus","meaning":"pointed writing instrument","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stylus","stylish","styling","stylist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manner","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fashion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flair","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"5dcc1006-6d80-4b15-8720-6b8a430f2267","word":"stylus","definition":"A sharp, pointed implement used for writing, engraving, or making marks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"estilo","language_family":"greek","root":"stylos","root_meaning":"pillar, post, stake","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"stylus","meaning":"pointed writing tool","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stylus","meaning":"a pointed instrument for writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stylos","meaning":"pillar, post","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["style","stylish","stiletto","column","pillar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pointer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scriber","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"d5b23e86-68f9-48f4-ae7a-cfafa748ed59","word":"sub","definition":"A prefix meaning under or below, or informally a substitute or submarine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sub","language_family":"latin","root":"sub","root_meaning":"under, beneath, down","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sub","meaning":"under, substitute, submarine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under, beneath","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["submarine","subject","submit","subtract","subdue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"substitute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"replacement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sandwich","formality":"informal"},{"word":"submarine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"614dbbac-0a9f-4a7c-bee1-3ed5c444835e","word":"subcommittee","definition":"A committee formed from a subset of members of a larger committee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"subcomité","language_family":"latin","root":"sub-, com-, mittere","root_meaning":"under, with, send","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subcommittee","meaning":"A committee formed from a subset of members of a larger committee.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under, below","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"17th century","word":"committee","meaning":"a group of people appointed for a specific function by a larger group","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"commit","meaning":"to send, entrust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"com-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, to let go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["commit","mission","submission","remit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subgroup","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"working group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"task force","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"a52b34b9-a6bc-40cf-9ea3-3922cf8f1645","word":"subconscious","definition":"Operating below the level of conscious awareness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"subconsciente","language_family":"latin","root":"scīre","root_meaning":"to know","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subconscious","meaning":"operating below conscious awareness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under, below","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1650s","word":"conscious","meaning":"aware; mentally awake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conscīre","meaning":"to know, be conscious with another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scīre","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conscious","consciousness","consciously","unconscious","subconsciously","subconsciousness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unconscious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"latent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instinctive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"7f4cdef0-ae7a-483c-92aa-d5d668eb7ab7","word":"subdivision","definition":"The act of dividing something into smaller parts, or one of the smaller parts created by such a division.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"subdivisión","language_family":"latin","root":"sub- + dividere","root_meaning":"under, below + to divide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*upo- + *dhei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subdivision","meaning":"Act of dividing into smaller parts","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"subdivisio","meaning":"a dividing into smaller parts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-dividere","meaning":"to divide further","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["divide","division","subdivide","divisible","individual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"segment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parcel","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"0ac478ce-5119-46ef-b4c7-4e86859bd788","word":"subject","definition":"A topic of discussion or study; also means under the rule or authority of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sujeto","language_family":"latin","root":"subjectus","root_meaning":"thrown under, subdued","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subject","meaning":"topic or under authority","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"subject","meaning":"one under authority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subjectus","meaning":"thrown under, subdued","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subject","subjection","subjective","subjugate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"topic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"theme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"656e7f04-1fc7-4e58-bf74-fd41e6076cee","word":"subjective","definition":"Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"subjetivo","language_family":"latin","root":"subjectus","root_meaning":"thrown under, brought under","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yeH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subjective","meaning":"Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"subjectivus","meaning":"subjective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subjectus","meaning":"thrown under, brought under","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"jacere","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subject","object","injection","projection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"personal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"biased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opinionated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"eeae415e-7695-4ea3-8458-a2ed0702b75f","word":"subjects","definition":"Plural of subject; persons or things under consideration or control.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sujetos","language_family":"latin","root":"subiectus","root_meaning":"thrown under, subjected","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sub- (under) + *iacere (to throw)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subjects","meaning":"persons or things under consideration","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"subject","meaning":"one who is under the dominion of another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subiectus","meaning":"thrown under, subjected","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subject","subjection","subjective","subjugate","subjectivity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"topics","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matters","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"individuals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"themes","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"7f62b170-abc5-4745-9473-c1921895d6d0","word":"sublime","definition":"Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sublime","language_family":"latin","root":"sublīmis","root_meaning":"elevated, lofty, high","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sublime","meaning":"awe-inspiring","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sublīmis","meaning":"lofty, high","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"up to, under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"līmen","meaning":"lintel, threshold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sublimity","sublimate","sublimation","subliminal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"majestic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awe-inspiring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"af39042a-a93a-4ad9-84b1-58ef91098e34","word":"submarine","definition":"A warship designed to operate completely submerged in the sea.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"submarino","language_family":"latin","root":"sub + marinus","root_meaning":"under + of the sea","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"submarine","meaning":"A warship designed to operate submerged","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under, below","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"marinus","meaning":"of the sea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mare","meaning":"sea","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marine","submersible","aquatic","subterranean","maritime","underwater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"U-boat","formality":"historical"},{"word":"submersible","formality":"technical"},{"word":"underwater vessel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"25e0dbc2-381b-4b4a-aa1d-16b2f106b0ef","word":"submission","definition":"The action or fact of accepting or yielding to a superior force or to the will or authority of another person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sumisión","language_family":"latin","root":"submissio","root_meaning":"letting down, humbling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*mes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"submission","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"submissio","meaning":"letting down, humbling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"submittere","meaning":"to lower, yield, send under","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, to put","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*mes-","meaning":"to put, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["submit","submissive","remit","transmit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surrender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obedience","formality":"formal"},{"word":"yielding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deference","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"4182bf40-9898-42ea-bcea-e0ecdeadaec6","word":"submit","definition":"To present for consideration or judgment, or to yield to authority.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"someter","language_family":"latin","root":"submittere","root_meaning":"to put under, to lower","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"submit","meaning":"to present or yield","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"submittere","meaning":"to put under","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub + mittere","meaning":"under + to send","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["submission","submissive","submitter","admit","transmit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"present","formality":"formal"},{"word":"yield","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comply","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"cf638f45-2f9c-4a79-9bc4-0e1e62ba116f","word":"submitted","definition":"Past tense of submit; presented or referred to someone for judgment, decision, or consideration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sometido","language_family":"latin","root":"submittere","root_meaning":"to send under, yield","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"submitted","meaning":"presented for judgment or decision","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"submit","meaning":"to yield, present","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"submittere","meaning":"to send under, yield, surrender","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send, let go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["submit","submission","submissive","submitter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"presented","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yielded","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surrendered","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"a852eb79-3261-487c-a29d-c9a2d1b44749","word":"subpoena","definition":"A court order requiring a person to appear or produce evidence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"sub poena","root_meaning":"under penalty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subpoena","meaning":"court summons","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub poena","meaning":"under penalty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"poena","meaning":"penalty, punishment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["summons","writ","penalty","penal","poena"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summons","formality":"formal"},{"word":"writ","formality":"formal"},{"word":"citation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"6a87c7cc-c006-475a-94bc-2b1781732e62","word":"subscribe","definition":"To agree to receive or support something regularly, typically by paying a fee.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suscribir","language_family":"latin","root":"subscribere","root_meaning":"to write beneath, sign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subscribe","meaning":"to agree to receive regularly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subscribere","meaning":"to write beneath","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub + scribere","meaning":"under + to write","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subscription","subscriber","subscript","scribe","script"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enroll","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sign up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"register","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"f8b77f21-05ef-4d52-ad59-ffe91bb431bc","word":"subscriber","definition":"A person who pays money, usually annually, to receive a publication or service regularly.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suscriptor","language_family":"latin","root":"subscribere","root_meaning":"write underneath","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*serbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subscriber","meaning":"person who subscribes","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"subscribe","meaning":"to sign, to agree to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subscribere","meaning":"to write underneath, sign","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subscribe","subscription","scribe","inscribe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"member","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patron","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"registrant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"3ddd6ecb-d037-4ffe-a91d-a91ad6b031c5","word":"subscription","definition":"A payment made to receive regular access to a service, publication, or product.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suscripción","language_family":"latin","root":"subscriptio","root_meaning":"a signing under, writing at the bottom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"subscription","meaning":"payment for regular service","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"subscribe","meaning":"to sign one's name, agree to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subscribere","meaning":"to write under, sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subscribe","subscriber","subscription","subscript"],"synonyms":[{"word":"membership","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enrollment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"registration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"35a8b7db-76d2-4b2f-8645-13ac9eceb472","word":"subsection","definition":"A division of a section.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"subsección","language_family":"latin","root":"sub + sectio","root_meaning":"under + cutting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*seḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subsection","meaning":"A division of a section.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"current","word":"section","meaning":"a distinct part of a whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sectio","meaning":"a cutting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"secare","meaning":"to cut","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*seḱ-","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["section","dissect","insect","secant","segment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subdivision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chapter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"part","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"89a6c0bc-62c4-4352-9843-18142d004a26","word":"subsequent","definition":"Following in time, order, or place; coming after something else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"subsecuente","language_family":"latin","root":"subsequens","root_meaning":"following closely","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"15th century","word":"subsequent","meaning":"following, coming after","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subsequens","meaning":"following closely","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under, after","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["sequence","consequent","obsequious","prosecute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"following","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"later","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"succeeding","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"9cdea981-4cd8-4013-be14-4828e83b9869","word":"subsidiary","definition":"A company controlled by a holding company; also, providing support or additional help.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"subsidiario","language_family":"latin","root":"subsidiarius","root_meaning":"belonging to a reserve","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subsidiary","meaning":"Providing support or additional help","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subsidiarius","meaning":"belonging to a reserve, auxiliary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subsidere","meaning":"to settle down, sink","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subside","subsidize","subvention","assistance","ancillary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"auxiliary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"secondary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subordinate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"cc5f6d8f-5153-4103-974d-f21d0e464e41","word":"substance","definition":"The real physical matter of which a person or thing consists and which has a tangible, solid presence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"substancia","language_family":"latin","root":"substantia","root_meaning":"being, essence, material","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"substance","meaning":"The real physical matter of which a person or thing consists.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"substance","meaning":"essence, reality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"substantia","meaning":"being, essence, material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*steh₂-","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["substantial","substantiate","stand","stable","estate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"material","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"core","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"1dc18f49-fe36-4d3d-affa-6fce4b0f1679","word":"substantial","definition":"Of considerable importance, size, or worth; strongly built or made.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"substancial","language_family":"latin","root":"substantia","root_meaning":"substance, essence, being","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"substantial","meaning":"considerable, solid","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"substantialis","meaning":"relating to substance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"substantia","meaning":"substance, being, material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["substance","substantiate","substitute","stand","stable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"considerable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"significant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strong","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"17ec0be1-fed7-4ab5-95de-41e97edae013","word":"substitute","definition":"A person or thing acting or serving in place of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sustituto","language_family":"latin","root":"substituere","root_meaning":"put in place of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"substitute","meaning":"a person or thing acting in place of another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"substitutus","meaning":"having been put in place of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"substituere","meaning":"to put in place of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["substitution","constitute","institution","statue","stable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"replacement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stand-in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surrogate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deputy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"bed83c81-6b55-4893-a926-7178fc3f0ac8","word":"subtitle","definition":"A secondary or subordinate title of a literary work or document, or captions displayed on screen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"subtitulo","language_family":"latin","root":"sub- + titulus","root_meaning":"under + title","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subtitle","meaning":"secondary title","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"subtitle","meaning":"secondary title","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"title","meaning":"heading of a book","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"titre","meaning":"title, heading","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"titulus","meaning":"label, inscription, title","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English (formed from roots)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["title","subhead","caption","heading","text"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caption","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heading","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"9c4167d1-8e14-4caa-9ee0-d51b4085af36","word":"subtle","definition":"So delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sutil","language_family":"latin","root":"subtilis","root_meaning":"fine-woven, thin","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"subtle","meaning":"delicate or precise","children":[{"era":"12th C.","word":"sutil","meaning":"fine, delicate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subtilis","meaning":"fine-woven, thin, delicate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tela","meaning":"web, woven fabric","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subtlety","subtilize","textile","texture","subtlely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nuanced","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"a49feaf7-e22c-4113-b789-732a204c427d","word":"suburb","definition":"A residential district on the outskirts of a city or town.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suburbio","language_family":"latin","root":"suburbium","root_meaning":"outlying district of a city","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suburb","meaning":"residential district on the outskirts of a city or town","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suburbium","meaning":"outlying part of a city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under; below; near","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"urbs","meaning":"city","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suburban","suburbia","suburbanite","suburbanize","suburbanization"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outskirts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fringe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suburban area","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"23f37916-61ad-43f2-bae9-3c5bf9aa35d4","word":"suburban","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of a suburb.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"suburbano","language_family":"latin","root":"suburbium","root_meaning":"outlying part of a city, suburb","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suburban","meaning":"relating to a suburb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suburbanus","meaning":"of a suburb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suburbium","meaning":"suburb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under, near","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"urbs","meaning":"city","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suburb","urban","urbane","urbanization","sub-","interurban"],"synonyms":[{"word":"residential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commuter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"4a3e6eef-3579-4898-a4d7-f7be6317a865","word":"succeed","definition":"To achieve a desired aim or result.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suceder","language_family":"latin","root":"succedere","root_meaning":"to follow after, come next, go under, take the place of","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kʷed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"succeed","meaning":"to achieve a desired aim or result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"succedere","meaning":"to follow after, come next","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under, next to","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cedere","meaning":"to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["success","succession","accede","recede"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prosper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flourish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"triumph","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prevail","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"f80723b2-56b6-4f8b-a4c9-fc0971328c23","word":"success","definition":"The accomplishment of a desired aim or result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suceso","language_family":"latin","root":"succedere","root_meaning":"to come after, to follow, to prosper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"success","meaning":"accomplishment of a desired aim","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"success","meaning":"favorable outcome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"successus","meaning":"outcome, result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"succedere","meaning":"to follow, prosper","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["succeed","successful","successive","successor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"achievement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accomplishment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"triumph","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"65872464-7f91-4570-a393-673bdc2ebd3a","word":"successful","definition":"Accomplishing a desired aim or result; having achieved success.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"exitoso","language_family":"latin","root":"successus","root_meaning":"outcome, result","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"successful","meaning":"accomplishing desired aims","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"success","meaning":"outcome or result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"successus","meaning":"outcome, result","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"succedere","meaning":"to go under, follow after, come next","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["success","succeed","succession","successive","successor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prosperous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thriving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"victorious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"effective","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.249Z"}
{"id":"4888c40b-2256-450a-a605-83ee49e7f29b","word":"succession","definition":"The act or process of following in order, or of inheriting a title, office, or estate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sucesión","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin succedere","root_meaning":"to go under, follow after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"succession","meaning":"following in order; inheritance of office or title","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"successioun","meaning":"sequence; inheritance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"successio","meaning":"a following after; succession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"succedere","meaning":"to follow after, come next","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub- + cedere","meaning":"under, after + to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["succeed","successive","successor","successful","successively"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sequence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"order","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inheritance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"6f581f76-2d0b-42c5-a9e6-7c7bacae8e46","word":"successor","definition":"A person or thing that comes after and takes the place of another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sucesor","language_family":"latin","root":"succēdere","root_meaning":"to go after, come after","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"successor","meaning":"one who follows and replaces another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"successor","meaning":"one who follows after","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"succēdere","meaning":"to go after, come after","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["succeed","succession","successful","successive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heir","formality":"formal"},{"word":"replacement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inheritor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"70a4725e-949f-4992-921d-a161fe59bbc3","word":"such","definition":"Of that or this kind; of a particular degree or quality described.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English swilc","root_meaning":"so like, such, of that sort","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swē-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"such","meaning":"of that kind or quality","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swilc","meaning":"so like, such, that kind","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*swē-","meaning":"so, thus","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suchlike","such-and-such"],"synonyms":[{"word":"that kind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"this sort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"similar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"c4699a82-dae6-4ae8-a372-9b96d56611b0","word":"suck","definition":"To draw something in or up by creating a partial vacuum.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sucan","root_meaning":"to suck","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sūg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suck","meaning":"to draw in by suction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sucan","meaning":"to suck","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sūkaną","meaning":"to suck","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suction","sucker","sucking","soak","soggy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"draw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absorb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ingest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"imbibe","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"a0d37f73-8877-44aa-a77d-d7057fa1ce02","word":"sucker","definition":"A person easily deceived or cheated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sūcan","root_meaning":"to suck","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sucker","meaning":"person easily deceived","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"suck","meaning":"to draw in by suction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sūcan","meaning":"to suck","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sug-","meaning":"to suck","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suck","suction","suckle","soak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dupe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patsy","formality":"informal"},{"word":"chump","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"38e27d3b-01c6-4983-8420-08fe2095311a","word":"suction","definition":"The act or process of drawing something in by a partial vacuum or sucking force.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"succión","language_family":"latin","root":"sugere","root_meaning":"to suck","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suction","meaning":"the act or process of drawing something in by a partial vacuum or sucking force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suctio","meaning":"a sucking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sugere","meaning":"to suck","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suctional","suck","sucked","sucking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aspiration","formality":"technical"},{"word":"draw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sucking","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"c7980756-ac4f-4301-b504-7bf8d64178ba","word":"sudden","definition":"Happening or coming unexpectedly, without warning or gradual transition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"súbito","language_family":"french","root":"subitaneus","root_meaning":"coming unexpectedly, arising suddenly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sudden","meaning":"happening unexpectedly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sodain","meaning":"sudden, unexpected","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sodain","meaning":"sudden","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"soudain","meaning":"sudden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subitaneus","meaning":"coming unexpectedly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subitus","meaning":"sudden, unexpected","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suddenly","suddenness","all-of-a-sudden","sudden death"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abrupt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unexpected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"precipitate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instantaneous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"7d3179ab-c931-41b6-bd46-cc0a722d53d1","word":"suddenly","definition":"Quickly and unexpectedly; in an abrupt manner without prior warning.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"súbitamente","language_family":"latin","root":"subitus","root_meaning":"that which comes unexpectedly, having come up suddenly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suddenly","meaning":"abruptly, without warning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sodenly","meaning":"abruptly","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sodein","meaning":"sudden","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"soudain","meaning":"sudden, immediate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subitanus","meaning":"sudden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subitus","meaning":"having come up, unexpected","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sudden","suddenness","abruptly","unexpectedly","instantaneous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abruptly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instantaneously","formality":"formal"},{"word":"out of nowhere","formality":"informal"},{"word":"forthwith","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"3295aba7-f604-45b5-9fa8-0ef2ca92906a","word":"sue","definition":"To institute legal proceedings against a person or institution, typically for redress.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"seguir","language_family":"latin","root":"sequere","root_meaning":"to follow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sue","meaning":"to take legal action","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suen","meaning":"to follow, to prosecute","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"suir","meaning":"to follow, pursue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sequere","meaning":"to follow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sekʷ-","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pursue","consequence","sequence","suit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prosecute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"litigate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"file a claim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bring to court","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"beb148f1-de13-464c-82d7-7edbefee294e","word":"suffer","definition":"To experience or be subjected to something bad or unpleasant.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sufrir","language_family":"latin","root":"sufferre","root_meaning":"to bear, carry, undergo","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher- (1)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suffer","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sufferir","meaning":"to endure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sufferre","meaning":"to bear, carry, undergo","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bher- (1)","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suffering","sufferance","portable","ferry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tolerate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undergo","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"ee9225ad-db44-4bdf-b716-d0e23c64ce4c","word":"suffice","definition":"To be enough or adequate for a purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suficiente","language_family":"latin","root":"sufficere","root_meaning":"to be enough; to provide","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suffice","meaning":"to be enough or adequate for a purpose","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"suffice","meaning":"be enough; be sufficient","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suffire","meaning":"be enough; suffice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sufficere","meaning":"be enough; supply; substitute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub- + facere","meaning":"under, from below + to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sufficient","sufficiency","sufficing","insufficient","sufficiency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"satisfy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"do","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"12a057d1-330c-4ba6-9112-3e94678cbe5d","word":"sufficient","definition":"Enough; adequate.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"suficiente","language_family":"latin","root":"sufficere","root_meaning":"to supply, afford, be enough","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sufficient","meaning":"enough; adequate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sufficientem","meaning":"sufficient, adequate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sufficere","meaning":"to supply, be enough","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suffice","sufficiency","insufficient","faculty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adequate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enough","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ample","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"067ee5cb-6822-4561-bacb-e86f88e97d74","word":"suffocate","definition":"To die or be unable to breathe because air is cut off or blocked.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sofocar","language_family":"latin","root":"suffocāre","root_meaning":"to choke; stifle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suffocate","meaning":"to choke or stop breathing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suffocare","meaning":"to choke, stifle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under, from below","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"fauces","meaning":"throat, gullet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suffocation","suffocating","suffocative","suffocator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"asphyxiate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"d1cd24f5-1ec2-42e5-90c4-a445af44cb88","word":"sugar","definition":"A sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"azúcar","language_family":"other","root":"śarkarā","root_meaning":"ground or candied sugar, grit","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"śarkarā","meaning":"Gritty sugar.","children":[{"era":"~600 AD","word":"shakar","meaning":"Sugar.","children":[{"era":"~800 AD","word":"sukkar","meaning":"Sugar.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"zuccarum","meaning":"Sugar.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sugar","meaning":"Sweetening substance.","language":"English"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"azúcar","meaning":"Sugar.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Persian"}],"language":"Sanskrit"},"related_words":["saccharine","sucrose"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sucrose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sweetener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sweet stuff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"a9767740-afac-41d2-990f-86a82955e0a0","word":"suggest","definition":"To propose or put forward an idea or plan for consideration.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sugerir","language_family":"latin","root":"suggerere","root_meaning":"to carry up, to bring forward","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suggest","meaning":"to propose or intimate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suggerere","meaning":"to carry up, bring forward","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"gerere","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suggestion","suggestive","suggestible","suggestibility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"propose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imply","formality":"formal"},{"word":"recommend","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"18ab345f-c201-4072-8a25-db78ec5f402d","word":"suggested","definition":"Proposed or hinted at something indirectly without stating it explicitly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sugerido","language_family":"latin","root":"suggerere","root_meaning":"to carry up, propose, supply","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suggested","meaning":"proposed indirectly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"suggest","meaning":"to propose or intimate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suggerere","meaning":"to carry up, bring forward, propose","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub- + gerere","meaning":"under + to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suggest","suggestion","suggestive","gesture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proposed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"implied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hinted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.060Z"}
{"id":"6e552f6a-0df4-40f6-86f9-ebc31031f562","word":"suggestion","definition":"An idea or plan put forward for consideration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sugestión","language_family":"latin","root":"suggerere","root_meaning":"to carry under, to furnish, to prompt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sub- + *ger-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suggestion","meaning":"An idea or plan put forward","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"suggestioun","meaning":"an intimation, a hint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suggestio","meaning":"suggestion, instigation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suggerere","meaning":"to carry under, to furnish, to prompt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suggest","gestate","congestion","digestion","ingest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proposal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommendation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idea","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"fddcce8a-f57c-4d7c-bb83-3d037aa18c3c","word":"suggestions","definition":"Proposals, ideas, or hints put forward for consideration or action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sugerencias","language_family":"latin","root":"suggerere","root_meaning":"to carry, bring up, prompt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suggestions","meaning":"proposals or ideas for consideration","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"suggestion","meaning":"hint, proposal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suggestio","meaning":"suggestion, hint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suggerere","meaning":"to carry up, bring forward, prompt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suggest","suggestible","suggestive","suggestibility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proposals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommendations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ideas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hints","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"dcf6d1e8-7b1e-47ca-8181-d48b48ff6858","word":"suicidal","definition":"Suicidal means relating to, tending toward, or involving suicide or self-destruction.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"suicida","language_family":"latin","root":"suicidium","root_meaning":"self-killing","root_language":"New Latin","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suicidal","meaning":"relating to or tending toward suicide","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"suicide","meaning":"self-killing","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"suicidium","meaning":"self-killing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sui","meaning":"of oneself","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"caedere","meaning":"to kill; to strike down","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suicide","suicidally","suicidality","suicidalness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-destructive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"self-harming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"despairing","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"351dc78c-89d2-40e6-b3e0-0b9e472ab956","word":"suicide","definition":"The act of intentionally causing one's own death.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suicidio","language_family":"latin","root":"suicidium","root_meaning":"of oneself killing","root_language":"Modern Latin","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"17th century","word":"suicide","meaning":"The act of intentionally ending one's own life","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"suicidium","meaning":"of oneself killing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sui","meaning":"of oneself","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"caedere","meaning":"to kill","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["homicide","genocide","matricide","regicide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"self-destruction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auto-extermination","formality":"technical"},{"word":"taking one's own life","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"b857ef65-d63e-4247-943f-2c73be9256ba","word":"suit","definition":"A set of outer clothes made of the same fabric and designed to be worn together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suite","language_family":"french","root":"suite","root_meaning":"consequence, following","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suit","meaning":"set of clothes","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sute","meaning":"attendant, set","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suite","meaning":"act of following, consequence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sequor","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pursue","sequence","ensue","suitable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outfit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ensemble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"garb","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"c8ec224c-e0bb-457d-bb11-f23eb163a681","word":"suitable","definition":"Appropriate for a particular purpose or occasion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"suit","root_meaning":"to follow, to fit","root_language":"old french","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*sekʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suitable","meaning":"appropriate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"suit","meaning":"to follow, to fit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suite","meaning":"a following, a set","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suit","suitor","pursuit","consecutive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appropriate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apt","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"0dd9a0aa-85b1-4c5f-b365-295f12c50b7d","word":"suitcase","definition":"A rectangular traveling bag, typically with a handle, used for carrying clothes and other personal belongings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"suite, casse","root_meaning":"act of following, box","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suitcase","meaning":"A rectangular traveling bag","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"suit","meaning":"act of following","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suite","meaning":"act of following","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"case","meaning":"box","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"casse","meaning":"box","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"capsa","meaning":"box","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pursuit","sequence","casket","encase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"luggage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bag","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"0ee46592-1a9e-4de3-9025-bef94f99259a","word":"suite","definition":"A set of rooms or a set of musical compositions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suite","language_family":"french","root":"sequi","root_meaning":"to follow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suite","meaning":"a set of connected rooms or compositions","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"suite","meaning":"a following, retinue, set","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sequi","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suit","sequence","sequel","consequent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"set","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"collection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"275f7acd-53ee-4848-9f02-7eae039929ad","word":"suites","definition":"Plural of suite; a set of connected rooms or related items forming a group.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suites","language_family":"french","root":"Old French suite","root_meaning":"following, retinue","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suites","meaning":"plural of suite","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"suite","meaning":"sequence, set of rooms","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suite","meaning":"retinue, following","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suivre","meaning":"to follow","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suite","seguir","ensuite","sequential"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sets","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apartments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sequences","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"c05684c3-de3f-400e-ad01-673dd917ecf3","word":"sulk","definition":"To sulk is to be silently bad-tempered or resentful, especially by withdrawing into a gloomy mood.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1781","word":"sulk","meaning":"to be morose or glum; indulge in sullenness","children":[{"era":"1744","word":"sulky","meaning":"sullen, morose","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sulky","sulkiness","sulkily","mope","pout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"fcb2cdb6-83f3-451a-b514-7a78e57dbf72","word":"sultan","definition":"A king or sovereign, especially of a Muslim state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sultán","language_family":"other","root":"sulṭān","root_meaning":"power, authority, ruler","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"9th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sultan","meaning":"a Muslim sovereign","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sultan","meaning":"ruler","children":[{"era":"9th century","word":"sulṭān","meaning":"power, authority, ruler","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sultana","sultanate","sultanship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monarch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ruler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"potentate","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"0cfe6f4a-521b-4ec0-a194-7d3c764fd1b9","word":"summary","definition":"A brief statement or account of the main points of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sumario","language_family":"latin","root":"summa","root_meaning":"the highest point, total, sum","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"summary","meaning":"brief overview or condensed account","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"summarie","meaning":"concise account","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"summarius","meaning":"relating to the sum or total","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"summa","meaning":"sum, total, highest point","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sum","summa","summation","summarize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"synopsis","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abstract","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overview","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.369Z"}
{"id":"f840a75a-1af8-42cb-adde-04acbfc3f0ce","word":"summer","definition":"The warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"verano","language_family":"germanic","root":"sumaraz","root_meaning":"summer","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"summer","meaning":"warm season","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sumor","meaning":"summer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sumaraz","meaning":"summer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["seasonal","semestral"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summertime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warm season","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"eb659056-acaf-42ba-acb4-769c6715687e","word":"summit","definition":"The highest point of a hill or mountain; a peak, or a meeting between heads of government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sumo","language_family":"latin","root":"summus","root_meaning":"highest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"summit","meaning":"highest point, meeting","children":[{"era":"13th C","word":"summet","meaning":"highest point","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"summus","meaning":"highest, topmost","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sum","summary","consummate","sublime","supreme"],"synonyms":[{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apex","formality":"formal"},{"word":"top","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meeting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"084bed96-8718-478b-9a81-5a6306f22538","word":"sumo","definition":"A Japanese form of wrestling in which a wrestler tries to force the opponent out of a ring or to the ground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"sumau","root_meaning":"to contend; to wrestle","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sumo","meaning":"a Japanese form of wrestling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sumō","meaning":"sumo wrestling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sumau","meaning":"to contend; to wrestle","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sumō","sumotori","sumōka","sumoist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wrestling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grappling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sumō wrestling","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"d78ad2dd-34b3-4e46-840e-ee4b6edf1a1f","word":"sun","definition":"The star at the center of the solar system, around which Earth and other planets orbit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sol","language_family":"germanic","root":"sunne","root_meaning":"the sun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sweL-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sun","meaning":"the star at the center of the solar system","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sunne","meaning":"the sun","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sunny","sunlight","sunset","sunrise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"star","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Sol","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"d8bd3802-be82-4812-9ca6-39ead458a549","word":"sunday","definition":"The first day of the week, traditionally a day of rest and religious observance in Christian cultures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"domingo","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English Sunnandæg","root_meaning":"day of the sun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swen- (sun) + *dagaz (day)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Sunday","meaning":"first day of the week","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"Sunnandæg","meaning":"day of the sun","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"sunne","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"700-1100","word":"dæg","meaning":"day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sun","day","weekly","sundial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Lord's day","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Sabbath","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"b359fe5d-18ef-4e7e-ab64-ccd66982f652","word":"sundown","definition":"The time around sunset, when the sun goes down and daylight fades.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sundown","meaning":"the time around sunset","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sun","meaning":"the Sun","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"down","meaning":"downward; toward a lower position","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sunset","sunrise","sunup","sunbeam","sunlight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sunset","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nightfall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twilight","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"61536b2d-6415-4b08-8338-2475c0f91972","word":"sunlight","definition":"The light that comes from the sun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sunne","root_meaning":"sun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*súh₂wl̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sunlight","meaning":"The light that comes from the sun","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sunlight","meaning":"light from the sun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sunne","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"leoht","meaning":"light","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sunbeam","moonshine","daylight","lamplight","starlight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"daylight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sunshine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiance","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"322f73df-920b-43a5-8784-e76044c56f6b","word":"sunny","definition":"Full of sunshine; bright with the sun's rays.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sunne","root_meaning":"sun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sóh₂wl̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sunny","meaning":"full of sunshine","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sunnig","meaning":"sunny","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sunnige","meaning":"sunny","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sunne","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sun","sunlight","sunshine","Sunday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"luminous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"d6c45d4e-cabf-418a-b2ec-75a4d7a4f15e","word":"sunrise","definition":"The time in the morning when the sun appears above the horizon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sunnan + risan","root_meaning":"sun + rise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sunrise","meaning":"dawn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sun","meaning":"the star at the center of our solar system","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"rise","meaning":"to move upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sunset","sunbeam","uprising","arise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daybreak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cockcrow","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"284b1b65-4ce9-48b8-896a-b6b1d340dff7","word":"sunset","definition":"The daily disappearance of the sun below the horizon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sunne-set","root_meaning":"sun setting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sunset","meaning":"sun's descent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sun","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"set","meaning":"to place, to go down","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sunrise","sundown","sunlit","setting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sundown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eventide","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"fe473055-426f-4222-a99d-2734df50e65b","word":"sunshine","definition":"The direct rays of the sun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sunne + scīnan","root_meaning":"sun + to shine","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sūl-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sunshine","meaning":"The direct rays of the sun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sun","meaning":"sun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sunne","meaning":"sun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sunnō","meaning":"sun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sūl-","meaning":"sun","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shine","meaning":"to shine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"scīnan","meaning":"to shine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skīnaną","meaning":"to shine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skei-","meaning":"to shimmer, to gleam","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sunny","moonshine","sunlight","sunburn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sunlight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rays","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"daylight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radiance","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"d1272031-fbdf-4282-8fd6-1653e4f2e9d3","word":"super","definition":"Of the highest degree; superior or excellent; also a superintendent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"super","language_family":"latin","root":"super","root_meaning":"over, above, beyond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"super","meaning":"superior, excellent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"over, above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superior","superb","supervise","supernatural"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outstanding","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"beb727d8-ff62-4e76-97ee-4943ff8d4ebe","word":"superb","definition":"Excellent; impressively good.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"soberbio","language_family":"latin","root":"superbus","root_meaning":"excellent, proud, superior","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superb","meaning":"Excellent; impressively good","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superbus","meaning":"excellent, proud, superior","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"above","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superior","super","supervision","superfluous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnificent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splendid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"ccbdd09a-cba9-4499-ae9e-170e92da9573","word":"superficial","definition":"Of or concerning the surface only; lacking depth.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"superficial","language_family":"latin","root":"superficies","root_meaning":"surface; outer face","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superficial","meaning":"surface-level; lacking depth","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"superficial","meaning":"of the surface","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superficialis","meaning":"of the surface","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superficies","meaning":"surface; outer face","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"above; over","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facies","meaning":"face; appearance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["surface","superficies","superficially","superficiality","superficialness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shallow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surface-level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skin-deep","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"e1a9f686-9a67-4520-a1fc-c3807fe43d7c","word":"superhero","definition":"A fictional character with superhuman powers, often portrayed as a champion of good.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"superhéroe","language_family":"other","root":"super + heros","root_meaning":"above, beyond + hero, demigod","root_language":"Latin / Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical / 800s BCE","proto_root":"*uper- (PIE), *ser- (PIE)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superhero","meaning":"character with powers","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super-","meaning":"above, beyond","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*uper-","meaning":"over","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"current","word":"hero","meaning":"brave person","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"heros","meaning":"hero","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"ἥρως (hērōs)","meaning":"demigod, warrior","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*ser-","meaning":"to protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superman","superpower","heroic","heroin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"champion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vigilante","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"protagonist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"06469d0e-6c4e-40c3-ab21-2fc67c2ffb4d","word":"superintendent","definition":"A person who manages or oversees something, especially an organization or institution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"superintendente","language_family":"latin","root":"super-, intendere","root_meaning":"over, to stretch toward, intend","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superintendent","meaning":"an overseer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superintendent","meaning":"one who oversees (present participle of superintendere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superintendere","meaning":"to oversee","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super-","meaning":"over","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"intendere","meaning":"to stretch toward, direct one's attention","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superintend","intend","supervise","intense","tension","tend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supervisor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overseer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"a0dedf18-7ac2-4384-aaca-a7242b08b759","word":"superior","definition":"Higher in rank, status, or quality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"superior","language_family":"latin","root":"superior","root_meaning":"higher, upper","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superior","meaning":"higher in rank or quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superior","meaning":"higher, upper (comparative of superus)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superus","meaning":"that which is above","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"above","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supreme","supervise","sovereign","superman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dominant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"better","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paramount","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"487181ac-8a74-4828-81bf-6aad1477c503","word":"supermarket","definition":"A large self-service store selling food and household goods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"supermercado","language_family":"latin","root":"super (Latin) + market (Old Northern French)","root_meaning":"above, beyond (super) + market, trading place (market)","root_language":"Latin, Old Northern French","root_era":"classical (Latin), 1100s (Old Northern French)","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supermarket","meaning":"A large self-service store selling food and household goods.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super- (prefix)","meaning":"above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"market","meaning":"a public place for buying and selling","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"market","meaning":"market, trading place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"mercatus","meaning":"trade, market","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old Northern French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["market","hypermarket","marketplace","marketing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grocery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"store","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emporium","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"612a80cc-6cb9-450f-adfa-d964e2137e76","word":"supernatural","definition":"Attributed to some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sobrenatural","language_family":"latin","root":"super, natura","root_meaning":"above, nature","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper-, *gene-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supernatural","meaning":"beyond the natural","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"supernaturalis","meaning":"above nature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"naturalis","meaning":"natural","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natura","meaning":"nature","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["natural","supersize","superior","nation","innate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paranormal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"otherworldly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mystical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"8025719f-e02f-470b-9767-75debf18d5a8","word":"superstar","definition":"An extremely famous and successful entertainer or athlete.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"superestrella","language_family":"latin","root":"super + steorra","root_meaning":"above/beyond + star","root_language":"Latin, Old English","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":"*uper + *h₂stḗr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superstar","meaning":"extremely famous person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"star","meaning":"celestial body","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stellar","asteroid","supernova","celebrity","starlet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"celebrity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"icon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"megastar","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"e8257f46-e622-482d-9014-e6058dd614f5","word":"superstition","definition":"A belief or practice based on fear of the supernatural rather than reason.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"superstición","language_family":"latin","root":"superstitio","root_meaning":"excessive awe or irrational fear of the divine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superstition","meaning":"irrational belief in supernatural influence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"superstition","meaning":"irrational religious belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superstitio","meaning":"excessive fear or scruple about the gods","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super-","meaning":"over, above, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"stare","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French / Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superstitious","superstitionally","supernatural","superior","stand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"folklore belief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irrational belief","formality":"formal"},{"word":"omens","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"31493486-cfdc-4f28-8d7c-d05a360fd361","word":"superstitious","definition":"Believing in omens, magic, or irrational signs.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"supersticioso","language_family":"latin","root":"superstes","root_meaning":"standing over; surviving","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"superstitious","meaning":"believing in omens, magic, or irrational signs","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superstitiosus","meaning":"superstitious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superstitio","meaning":"excessive religious awe; belief in omens","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superstes","meaning":"standing over; surviving","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superstition","superstitiously","superstitiousness","superstitive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"credulous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"irrational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"omen-minded","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"9a347d36-1bc7-4e38-b23f-792d4c4545d4","word":"supervise","definition":"To oversee or direct a task, group, or organization.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"supervisar","language_family":"latin","root":"supervidere","root_meaning":"to look over","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supervise","meaning":"to oversee or direct","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"supervisus","meaning":"watched over, overseen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supervidere","meaning":"to look over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super-","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supervision","supervisor","supervisory","supervisee","survey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oversee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direct","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"c8fdebe8-3098-46ca-bf91-04cfb0ad1450","word":"supervision","definition":"The action of supervising someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"supervisión","language_family":"latin","root":"supervisionem","root_meaning":"oversight, inspection","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supervision","meaning":"The action of supervising someone or something.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"supervisionem","meaning":"oversight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supervidere","meaning":"to oversee","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supervise","supervisor","visible","vision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oversight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"management","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"guidance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"164de467-d1dd-42b1-9e33-021a38201768","word":"supervisor","definition":"A person who supervises a person or an activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"supervisor","language_family":"latin","root":"supervidere","root_meaning":"to oversee, to supervise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"15th C","word":"supervisor","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"supervisour","meaning":"one who oversees","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supervisus","meaning":"looked over (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supervidere","meaning":"to oversee","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*weid-","meaning":"to see, to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supervise","supervision","visible","video","provide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"manager","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overseer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"director","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"0313b46b-7ba1-45bd-839e-fd28f152c48d","word":"supper","definition":"A light evening meal, typically one eaten at home.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"souper","root_meaning":"to sup, to eat the evening meal","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supper","meaning":"evening meal","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"souper","meaning":"to sup, eat evening meal","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sup","meaning":"a small amount of liquid, to drink","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["soup","sup","dinner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dinner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evening meal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"4ab7991c-f0e9-4564-9754-1f3b9668e813","word":"supplement","definition":"Something that completes or enhances something else when added to it.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suplemento","language_family":"latin","root":"supplere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supplement","meaning":"something added to complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplementum","meaning":"that which fills up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplere","meaning":"to fill up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supplementary","suppletion","supply","complete"],"synonyms":[{"word":"addition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extra","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"cdcf9703-32b6-432c-ba95-ea2c8a572fbd","word":"supplemental","definition":"Acting as a supplement; additional.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"suplementario","language_family":"latin","root":"supplere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*pleh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supplemental","meaning":"additional, serving as a supplement","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"supplement","meaning":"something added to complete a thing","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"soupplement","meaning":"addition, completion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supplement","supplementary","supply"],"synonyms":[{"word":"additional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extra","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ancillary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"c6ea89c3-efb6-4fe0-af2b-578f3388ce16","word":"supplied","definition":"Provided with a necessary commodity or service; furnished goods or materials.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suplir","language_family":"latin","root":"supplere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supplied","meaning":"provided or furnished","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"supply","meaning":"to provide, furnish","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"supplier","meaning":"to supply, complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supply","supplier","supplies","supplement"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provided","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnished","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delivered","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equipped","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.482Z"}
{"id":"f5a5f579-2837-4974-b52a-b20c784f3a64","word":"supplier","definition":"A person or organization that provides something needed or wanted.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"supplere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete, furnish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supplier","meaning":"one who supplies","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"supply","meaning":"to furnish","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"soupplier","meaning":"to fill up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplere","meaning":"to fill up (sub- 'under' + plere 'to fill')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supply","supplement","replete","plenitude"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vendor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provider","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purveyor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"source","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"8f162d06-3f9a-49b0-ae7f-87ae44d52008","word":"suppliers","definition":"Persons or businesses that provide goods or services to others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"proveedores","language_family":"french","root":"supplere","root_meaning":"to fill up, to complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suppliers","meaning":"plural of supplier, those who supply","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"supplier","meaning":"one who supplies","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"supply","meaning":"to provide or furnish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"supplier","meaning":"to fill up or complete","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplere","meaning":"to fill up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supply","supplier","supplies","supplementary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vendors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"providers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purveyors","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"88d48e14-6725-4f25-98a4-fefa208da35f","word":"supplies","definition":"Essential materials or provisions provided or needed for a purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suministros","language_family":"latin","root":"supplere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supplies","meaning":"materials or provisions","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"supply","meaning":"to provide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supply","supplier","supplying","supplied"],"synonyms":[{"word":"materials","formality":"formal"},{"word":"provisions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"3693d5f4-5d61-49b2-9825-ff98d2ae46f7","word":"supply","definition":"To provide or furnish something that is needed or required.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suplir","language_family":"latin","root":"supplere","root_meaning":"to fill up, complete","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supply","meaning":"to provide or furnish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"supply","meaning":"to furnish, provide","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supplere","meaning":"to fill up, complete","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supplied","supplier","supplies","suppliant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"provide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furnish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deliver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"65849415-3a56-4dcb-82d1-66ba830151c4","word":"support","definition":"To provide assistance, backing, or help to someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"soportar","language_family":"latin","root":"supportare","root_meaning":"to carry, bear, or sustain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"support","meaning":"to provide assistance or backing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"support","meaning":"to sustain, endure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"supporter","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supportare","meaning":"to carry, convey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supporter","supported","supporting","supportive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"help","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"back","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"382d065b-0f2e-4091-9651-95e5830da161","word":"supported","definition":"Provided with backing, assistance, or structural reinforcement.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"soportado","language_family":"latin","root":"supportare","root_meaning":"to carry, bear, endure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supported","meaning":"provided with backing or reinforcement","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"support","meaning":"to hold up, assist","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supportare","meaning":"to carry, bear, endure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub- + portare","meaning":"under + to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["support","supporter","supporting","supportive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"backed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assisted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"upheld","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sustained","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"aca1f450-a5df-4fac-8d88-2e0ff688f3ea","word":"supports","definition":"Provides assistance, backing, or physical foundation to maintain or uphold something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"soporta","language_family":"latin","root":"supportare","root_meaning":"to carry, to bear, to endure","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supports","meaning":"provides assistance or bears weight","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"support","meaning":"to bear, to maintain, to assist","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"supporter","meaning":"one who supports","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supportare","meaning":"to carry, bear, from sub- (under) + portare (to carry)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["support","supporter","supportive","supporting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"backs","formality":"informal"},{"word":"assists","formality":"formal"},{"word":"upholds","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"aae9c449-52c9-4c70-81e2-a99ed54d2c45","word":"suppose","definition":"To assume that something is true or probably true without proof.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suponer","language_family":"latin","root":"supponere","root_meaning":"to place under, to substitute, to assume","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*po(s)-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suppose","meaning":"to assume","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"supposer","meaning":"to assume, to place under","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supponere","meaning":"to place under, to substitute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ponere","meaning":"to place","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*po(s)-","meaning":"to put, place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["position","oppose","propose","dispose","posture"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"presume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conjecture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"385607b3-be61-4010-9633-be77ef49cad8","word":"suppress","definition":"To put an end to something, hold it back, or prevent it from being expressed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suprimir","language_family":"latin","root":"premere","root_meaning":"to press","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suppress","meaning":"to put an end to or hold back","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suppresser","meaning":"to suppress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supprimere","meaning":"to press under, crush, suppress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under, beneath","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"premere","meaning":"to press","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suppression","suppressive","suppressor","suppressed","suppressing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stifle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restrain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"026b0bdf-e0dd-4174-99b0-261e0843ffc1","word":"supreme","definition":"Highest in rank or authority.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"supremo","language_family":"latin","root":"supremus","root_meaning":"highest, last","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"supreme","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supremus","meaning":"highest, last","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"above, over","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*uper-","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superior","supremacy","superlative","sovereign"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paramount","formality":"formal"},{"word":"highest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ultimate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greatest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"17a96f4d-cccd-4bd3-b538-ea64c675ebd8","word":"sur","definition":"An archaic or dialectal form of 'sir', used as a respectful title.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"senior","root_meaning":"older, elder","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sur","meaning":"archaic 'sir'","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sir","meaning":"a lord, master","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sire","meaning":"father, lord","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"senior","meaning":"older, elder","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sir","sire","senior","madam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gentleman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mister","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lord","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"1eb1c063-cba7-46e2-ac04-e9547072cfc3","word":"sure","definition":"Certain or confident about something; having no doubt.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"seguro","language_family":"latin","root":"securus","root_meaning":"free from care, safe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sure","meaning":"certain, confident","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"sure","meaning":"safe, secure","children":[{"era":"800-1200","word":"seur","meaning":"safe, secure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"securus","meaning":"free from care, safe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["surely","surety","assure","insure","secure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"certain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"confident","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assured","formality":"formal"},{"word":"positive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"4c954aee-de0b-41e8-b1a7-0c9b437e9b6b","word":"surf","definition":"To ride on the crest of a wave, especially on a surfboard.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"suffe","root_meaning":"surge, swell","root_language":"Scots/Old French","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surf","meaning":"to ride on waves","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"suffe","meaning":"a surging motion","children":[],"language":"Scots"},{"era":"1200s","word":"souf","meaning":"to swell, surge","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["surge","sough","swell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ride","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"navigate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"b1fe5d94-83b3-4414-9fcd-ab33f021e1e2","word":"surface","definition":"The outer or topmost part of something; the outermost boundary of an object.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"superficie","language_family":"latin","root":"superficies","root_meaning":"the outer face, appearance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surface","meaning":"outer boundary of an object","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"surface","meaning":"top, outer surface","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superficies","meaning":"the outer face","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["superficial","superficiality","surfaces","surfacing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exterior","formality":"formal"},{"word":"face","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"top","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outside","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"2c7cc2a4-6a9b-44a7-ab90-f484405103ae","word":"surge","definition":"A sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the tide.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"surgir","language_family":"latin","root":"surgere","root_meaning":"to rise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surge","meaning":"sudden powerful movement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"surgere","meaning":"to rise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["resurgent","insurgent","surgency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"70eda95c-2685-42a7-bd08-d7f80577275d","word":"surgery","definition":"Medical specialty involving manual or operative procedures to treat injuries or diseases.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cirugía","language_family":"greek","root":"cheirurgia","root_meaning":"working with the hands","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surgery","meaning":"operative medical procedure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"surgery","meaning":"manual medical treatment","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"chirurgia","meaning":"manual treatment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cheirourgia","meaning":"working by hand","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["surgeon","surgical","chirurgeon","chirurgical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"surgical intervention","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"6e7632ea-6333-48e7-8d94-e5ed93315b1b","word":"surgical","definition":"Relating to or used in surgery.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"quirúrgico","language_family":"greek","root":"kheirourgia","root_meaning":"hand work, handicraft","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surgical","meaning":"relating to surgery","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"surgerie","meaning":"surgery","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"serurgerie/cirurgie","meaning":"surgery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"chirurgia","meaning":"surgery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kheirourgia","meaning":"handicraft, surgery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"kheir","meaning":"hand","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"ergon","meaning":"work","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["surgery","surgeon","ergonomic","organ","energy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operative","formality":"technical"},{"word":"procedural","formality":"technical"},{"word":"clinical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"medical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"0b8a519e-8b84-436b-9b69-f30fbcee68c4","word":"surname","definition":"An inherited name shared by all members of a family.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"sur- + nom","root_meaning":"over, above + name","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"*h₁neh₃mn̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surname","meaning":"family name","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"surnoun","meaning":"additional name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sur-","meaning":"over, upon","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nom","meaning":"name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"nomen","meaning":"name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*h₁neh₃mn̥","meaning":"name","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["name","nomenclature","nominal","renown","anonymous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"last name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appellation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"f879a7cf-3d86-4565-a4d4-bbc17549cc85","word":"surplus","definition":"An amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"superplus","root_meaning":"in excess, over and above","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*uper","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surplus","meaning":"excess amount","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"superplus","meaning":"excess, over and above","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plus","meaning":"more","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["plus","plural","surpass","supervise","excess"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excess","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remainder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"14adea46-e383-4b78-bbab-da5fb219ac08","word":"surprise","definition":"An unexpected or astonishing event, fact, or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sorpresa","language_family":"french","root":"sorprendre","root_meaning":"To overtake, to take unawares","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"super-prehendere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surprise","meaning":"An unexpected or astonishing event","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sorprendre","meaning":"to overtake, take unawares","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"superprehendere","meaning":"to seize, catch unexpectedly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["apprehension","comprehend","enterprise","prison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"astonishment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amazement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"962f9a3e-8bde-4738-b3e8-eb422f093dd7","word":"surrender","definition":"To cease resistance to an enemy or opponent and submit to their authority.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"rendir","language_family":"french","root":"surrendre","root_meaning":"to give up, hand over","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surrender","meaning":"to give up resistance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"surrendre","meaning":"to give up, hand over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"reddere","meaning":"to give back","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["render","rendition","supervise","surfeit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capitulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"yield","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relinquish","formality":"formal"},{"word":"give up","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"bfddb301-1521-4314-bba8-3e7431de3c38","word":"surroundings","definition":"Surroundings are the area, environment, or conditions around a person or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"surround","root_meaning":"to encircle","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surroundings","meaning":"the environment around someone or something","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"surround","meaning":"to encircle or enclose","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sur-","meaning":"over; above; around","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"round","meaning":"circular; curved","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["surround","surrounding","surrounded","around","round"],"synonyms":[{"word":"environment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"environs","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vicinity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"876311c7-1610-42aa-b08b-74f2ff168004","word":"surveillance","definition":"Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vigilancia","language_family":"french","root":"surveiller","root_meaning":"to watch over, to supervise","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"surveillance","meaning":"Close observation","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"surveillance","meaning":"Oversight, supervision","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"surveiller","meaning":"To watch over","children":[{"era":"Old French","word":"sur","meaning":"Over, above (from Latin super)","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"Old French","word":"veiller","meaning":"To watch (from Latin vigilare)","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["supervise","vigil","monitor","survey","oversight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monitoring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"watch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"2445cb9a-a413-4a5e-87fc-147b32b1fda3","word":"survey","definition":"A general view or examination; to look over an area or conduct a study of opinions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"survey","language_family":"french","root":"sur-","root_meaning":"over, above","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"survey","meaning":"examination or study","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"surveien","meaning":"to look over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sur-","meaning":"over, above","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["surveyor","surveying","survey","overview"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assessment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overview","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"poll","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"728a5738-c466-4022-b472-e7cc50d38076","word":"survival","definition":"The state or fact of continuing to live or exist, especially in spite of difficult circumstances.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"supervivencia","language_family":"french","root":"supervivere","root_meaning":"to live beyond","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper + *gʷih₃w-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"survival","meaning":"the act of surviving","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"survival","meaning":"a living beyond","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"surviver","meaning":"to outlive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supervivere","meaning":"to outlive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"super","meaning":"over, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"vivere","meaning":"to live","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["survive","survivor","living","vital"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"continuance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endurance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persistence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"f0dc9e06-4e68-4b43-9793-28c984a93bbf","word":"survive","definition":"To remain alive or in existence, especially after a difficult experience.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sobrevivir","language_family":"latin","root":"supervivere","root_meaning":"to outlive, live beyond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*uper- + *gʷih₃w-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"survive","meaning":"remain alive","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"survivre","meaning":"live beyond","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supervivere","meaning":"to outlive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["survival","survivor","viable","vivid","revive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subsist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"persist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"324ac3a1-2881-4739-893e-b99ba4ecb6fd","word":"survivor","definition":"A person who remains alive after an event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"superviviente","language_family":"latin","root":"supervivere","root_meaning":"to outlive, survive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷih₃wos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"survivor","meaning":"person who remains alive","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"survivor","meaning":"one who survives","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"supervivere","meaning":"to outlive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["survive","survival","vivacious","vital"],"synonyms":[{"word":"remnant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"escapee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outliver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"residual","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"cb25e2de-dac9-471e-a98d-5f560f6f1b57","word":"sushi","definition":"A Japanese dish of prepared vinegar rice, usually with some sugar and salt, accompanied by a variety of ingredients, such as seafood, vegetables, and occasionally tropical fruits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"sushi (寿司, 鮨, 鮓)","root_meaning":"sour-tasting, vinegared rice","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"historical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sushi","meaning":"A Japanese dish of prepared vinegar rice.","children":[{"era":"historical","word":"sushi (寿司)","meaning":"sour-tasting, vinegared rice","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sashimi","nori","wasabi","tempura","teriyaki"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maki","formality":"technical"},{"word":"nigiri","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Japanese rice dish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"612da072-5345-45a3-8ca0-e5a33ae66b12","word":"suspect","definition":"To have an idea or impression of the existence, presence, or truth of something without certain proof.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sospechar","language_family":"latin","root":"suspectus","root_meaning":"looked up at, regarded with suspicion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suspect","meaning":"To have an idea or impression of something without certain proof.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspectus","meaning":"looked up at, mistrusted","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspicio","meaning":"to look up at, to mistrust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suspicion","inspection","spectacle","prospect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mistrust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"believe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"31b8c5c1-70c8-4443-9e01-e9eb1f1ce859","word":"suspend","definition":"To hang something from above; to stop or cause to cease for a period.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"suspender","language_family":"latin","root":"suspendere","root_meaning":"to hang up, to interrupt","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suspend","meaning":"To hang something from above; to stop or cause to cease for a period.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"suspendre","meaning":"to hang up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspendere","meaning":"to hang up, to interrupt","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suspension","suspenders","suspense","pendant","pendulum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"postpone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"7c8f0c99-3d0c-47b6-92e8-9a2a47bf8fb7","word":"suspense","definition":"A state of anxious uncertainty or anticipation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suspenso","language_family":"latin","root":"suspensus","root_meaning":"suspended; hanging","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suspense","meaning":"a state of anxious uncertainty or anticipation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suspens","meaning":"suspended; in suspense","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspensus","meaning":"suspended; hanging","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suspend","suspension","suspended","suspensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncertainty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tension","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anticipation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"c3e8a9c3-f1fd-44ed-843f-5b499df3c24c","word":"suspenseful","definition":"Causing or characterized by a feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what may happen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"suspenso","language_family":"latin","root":"suspensus","root_meaning":"hung up, suspended, undecided, anxious","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sub- *pend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suspenseful","meaning":"causing suspense","children":[{"era":"16th c.","word":"suspense","meaning":"state of anxious uncertainty","children":[{"era":"14th c.","word":"suspens","meaning":"suspended, pending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspensus","meaning":"past participle of suspendere ('to hang up, keep in uncertainty')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"pendere","meaning":"to hang","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suspense","suspend","pending","pendant","suspension"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thrilling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gripping","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"7c9749c5-95fc-4fca-a06e-9ef1e0323e78","word":"suspension","definition":"The act of stopping or delaying something for a period, or a system of springs and shock absorbers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"suspensión","language_family":"latin","root":"suspensionem","root_meaning":"a hanging up, suspension","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suspension","meaning":"act of suspending","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"suspension","meaning":"suspension","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspensionem","meaning":"a hanging up","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suspend","suspense","suspensory","pendulum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"halt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deferment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abeyance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"a2581a1d-dcc6-44bb-99bf-988ef5e7849e","word":"suspicion","definition":"A feeling or thought that something is possible, likely, or true, often implying a doubt or lack of evidence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sospecha","language_family":"latin","root":"suspicio","root_meaning":"mistrust, suspicion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suspicion","meaning":"A feeling or thought that something is possible, likely, or true, often implying a doubt or lack of evidence.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"suspicion","meaning":"suspicion, distrust","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspicio","meaning":"mistrust, suspicion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspicere","meaning":"to look up at, to suspect","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"specere","meaning":"to look","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suspect","suspicious","speculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distrust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apprehension","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"62d43105-c490-4556-bb32-bd880ce783a2","word":"suspicious","definition":"Arousing suspicion; causing one to believe that something is wrong or dishonest.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"Sospechoso","language_family":"latin","root":"suspiciō","root_meaning":"mistrust, suspicion, look up at","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"suspicious","meaning":"arousing suspicion","children":[{"era":"4th century CE","word":"suspicious","meaning":"suspicious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"suspiciō","meaning":"mistrust","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["suspect","suspicion","speculate","aspect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dubious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"questionable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fishy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"9b664685-5019-47a5-a1f8-5ab7a8c1c873","word":"sustain","definition":"To support or hold up from below; to keep in existence.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"sostener","language_family":"latin","root":"sustinere","root_meaning":"to hold up, support","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sustain","meaning":"to keep in existence","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sustain","meaning":"to support","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sustenir","meaning":"to support, endure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sustinere","meaning":"to hold up, support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenere","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sustenance","tenant","tenable","detain","maintain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uphold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maintain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"b9e217fa-2300-4beb-97e3-84a03fcc6361","word":"sustainability","definition":"The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sostenibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"sustinere","root_meaning":"to hold up, to support","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sustainability","meaning":"The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"sustainable","meaning":"able to be maintained","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"sustain","meaning":"to keep in existence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sustenir","meaning":"to hold up, support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sustinere","meaning":"to hold up, to support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenēre","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sustain","sustenance","detention","continent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"viability","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endurance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resilience","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"ce025039-9872-41a7-abf6-a3c976b21c7b","word":"sustainable","definition":"Capable of being maintained at a certain level or rate; able to be upheld.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sostenible","language_family":"latin","root":"sustinere","root_meaning":"to hold up, support","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sustainable","meaning":"able to be maintained","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"sustainable","meaning":"capable of being sustained","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sustain","meaning":"to hold up, support","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sustenir","meaning":"to support, endure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sustinere","meaning":"to hold up, support","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin (prefix)"},{"era":"classical","word":"tenere","meaning":"to hold","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"current","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of","children":[],"language":"English (suffix)"}],"language":"English (derived)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sustain","sustenance","sustainer","tenable","detain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"viable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feasible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enduring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eco-friendly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"e9b25824-08dd-4722-b89b-d15648da74c2","word":"swab","definition":"A small absorbent pad or tool used for cleaning, sampling, or applying liquid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"zwabber","root_meaning":"mop; swabber; splash or sway","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swab","meaning":"a small absorbent pad or tool used for cleaning, sampling, or applying liquid","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"swabber","meaning":"sailor detailed to swab decks","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"zwabber","meaning":"mop; swabber","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swabber","swabbing","swabbed","swabbie","swabby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sponge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"applicator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"9bb18203-dcfb-49af-9657-8759c150c533","word":"swallow","definition":"To cause food, drink, or other substances to pass from the mouth to the stomach.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swelgan","root_meaning":"to swallow, engulf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swelgʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swallow","meaning":"to ingest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swelgan","meaning":"to swallow, engulf","children":[{"era":"pre-400","word":"*swelganą","meaning":"to swallow","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*swelgʰ-","meaning":"to swallow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gullet","engulf","swell","gull"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ingest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gulp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"devour","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"d6d52af2-0f5b-4244-8f3a-e845920824a4","word":"swamp","definition":"An area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swamm","root_meaning":"mushroom, sponge","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":"*swombh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swamp","meaning":"An area of wet ground","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"swamm","meaning":"mushroom, sponge (suggesting wet, spongy ground)","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*swambaz","meaning":"mushroom, sponge","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sponge","mushroom","damp","bog","marsh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marsh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mire","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"e008c337-03f7-4542-911b-1abfb9d1106f","word":"swan","definition":"A large, long-necked waterbird with a graceful, typically white body, known for its majestic appearance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swan","root_meaning":"swan","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swanaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swan","meaning":"A large, graceful waterbird.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swan","meaning":"swan","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*swanaz","meaning":"swan","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swain","sound","swimming","swimmer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cygnet","formality":"technical"},{"word":"waterfowl","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"e4611c64-be1d-47a7-8667-2af9bd6b8b7a","word":"swap","definition":"To exchange one thing for another; an act of exchanging.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"swappa","root_meaning":"to strike, to slap","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":"*swapp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swap","meaning":"exchange","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"swappen","meaning":"to strike, to slap","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swop","swapper","unswappable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exchange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"487d3c51-04cb-47b5-a7a5-1faa5e1ceb97","word":"swarm","definition":"A large moving group, especially of insects, or the act of moving in a crowded mass.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swarmaz","root_meaning":"swarm, dense crowd","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swarm","meaning":"a dense moving group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swearm","meaning":"a swarm, especially of bees","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swarmaz","meaning":"swarm, crowd","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swarming","swarmed","swarmer","swarmingly","swarmy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horde","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crowd","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"297bfd55-11c3-4577-8038-d32fdb359fc2","word":"swat","definition":"To hit something, especially an insect, with a sharp blow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"swat","root_meaning":"sound of hitting","root_language":"English (imitative)","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swat","meaning":"to hit with a sharp blow","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"swat","meaning":"sound of hitting","children":[],"language":"English (imitative)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swatter","swatted","swats","swatting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smack","formality":"informal"},{"word":"whack","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"e026043c-1f00-40c3-ab7c-4c924f93725a","word":"sway","definition":"To move or cause to move slowly from side to side.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*swaijaną","root_meaning":"to swing, move sideways","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sweh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sway","meaning":"move side to side","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"sweye","meaning":"to swing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swaijaną","meaning":"to swing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swing","swivel","switch","swagger","swathe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oscillate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"waver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"30d62162-7611-4138-abdd-afa8979615d8","word":"swear","definition":"To make a solemn statement or promise, often under oath, or to use offensive language.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swerian","root_meaning":"to swear, to take an oath","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swarjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swear","meaning":"to make an oath or use profanity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swerian","meaning":"to swear, to take an oath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swarjaną","meaning":"to swear, to take an oath","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swore","sworn","oath","answer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vow","formality":"formal"},{"word":"curse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"f5be86d3-f091-4c41-8bb7-76aaee4fbb81","word":"sweat","definition":"The fluid released through the pores of the skin, typically as a result of physical exertion, heat, or stress.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sudar","language_family":"germanic","root":"swāt","root_meaning":"sweat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sweyd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweat","meaning":"fluid released from skin","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"swete","meaning":"sweat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swāt","meaning":"sweat","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*swait-","meaning":"to sweat","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*sweyd-","meaning":"to sweat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["perspire","exudate","sudoriferous","sweaty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perspiration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exudation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"moisture","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"256a40d0-de32-489a-bf36-1b246d47140b","word":"sweaty","definition":"Covered or stained with sweat; producing sweat.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swætan","root_meaning":"to sweat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sweid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweaty","meaning":"covered in sweat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swætig","meaning":"sweaty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swæt","meaning":"sweat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*sweit-","meaning":"sweat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sweat","sweater","sweating","sweatband","sweatshirt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"perspiring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"damp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clammy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"bf3553be-218c-469f-bfaa-495de1cab6ae","word":"swedish","definition":"Relating to Sweden or its language, people, or culture.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Sweon","root_meaning":"Swedes","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swedish","meaning":"Relating to Sweden","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Swedisc","meaning":"Swedish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Sweon","meaning":"Swedes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*Swīhaniz","meaning":"Swedes","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Sweden","Swede","Nordic","Scandinavian","Swedishness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Scandinavian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Nordic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"3e9dbece-127f-49d5-a231-bf38ae740b7e","word":"sweeney","definition":"A police officer, especially a detective, in Cockney rhyming slang.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Suibhne","root_meaning":"pleasant, well-disposed","root_language":"Old Irish","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweeney","meaning":"a police officer, especially a detective, in Cockney rhyming slang","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Sweeney Todd","meaning":"source phrase for 'the Flying Squad' and later 'policeman'","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Sweeney","meaning":"surname from the Irish personal name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Suibhne","meaning":"a personal name meaning 'pleasant, well-disposed'","children":[],"language":"Old Irish"}],"language":"English surname"}],"language":"Cockney rhyming slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Sweeney","Sweeny","Suibhne","MacSweeney"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"policeman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detective","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"9cb1ce8e-57f3-4d40-8dfa-9584c2ee30fd","word":"sweep","definition":"Clean an area by brushing away dirt or litter.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swapan","root_meaning":"to wipe, to sweep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swaipanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweep","meaning":"to clean with a brush","children":[{"era":"null","word":"swepen","meaning":"to sweep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swapan","meaning":"to wipe, to sweep","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*swaipanan","meaning":"to sway, to swing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swept","sweeper","sweepstake","swab","swirl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"518aa131-3e49-44bd-941d-eb103f55256f","word":"sweet","definition":"Having a taste like sugar; pleasant or delightful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swēte","root_meaning":"sweet, pleasant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweet","meaning":"tasting like sugar","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sweet","meaning":"sweet, pleasant","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"swēte","meaning":"sweet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sweeten","sweetness","sweetly","sweetheart"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sugary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pleasant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"delightful","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.146Z"}
{"id":"cf7539b9-d830-4820-90d5-fab8431d5c88","word":"sweetheart","definition":"A person with whom one is in love; a lover.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sweet heart","root_meaning":"dear heart","root_language":"English","root_era":"15th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweetheart","meaning":"A person with whom one is in love; a lover.","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"sweet heart","meaning":"dear heart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sweet","meaning":"sweet","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"heart","meaning":"heart","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dear","darling","beloved","honey","love"],"synonyms":[{"word":"darling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beloved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lover","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"b697d054-6cf9-4dc5-819c-69bd8df9a103","word":"sweetie","definition":"An affectionate term of address.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*swōtuz","root_meaning":"sweet","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swād-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweetie","meaning":"affectionate term","children":[{"era":"current","word":"sweet","meaning":"having a pleasant taste","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swete","meaning":"sweet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swōtuz","meaning":"sweet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swād-","meaning":"sweet, pleasant","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"-ie","meaning":"diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sweet","sweetness","sweets","swathe","persuade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honey","formality":"informal"},{"word":"darling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"5b0836ab-132d-40f3-93bf-c05c2720f87a","word":"sweetness","definition":"The quality or state of being sweet in taste, smell, or character.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*swōtijaz","root_meaning":"sweet","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swād-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sweetness","meaning":"the quality or state of being sweet","children":[{"era":"current","word":"sweet + -ness","meaning":"sweet quality","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sweet","meaning":"sweet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swōtijaz","meaning":"sweet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sweet","sweeten","sweetly","sweetener","sweetening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pleasantness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sugariness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mellowness","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"f9d50cac-93d4-4af6-a8ed-8fbacb990816","word":"swell","definition":"To become larger or rounder, especially from internal pressure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swellan","root_meaning":"to swell, to grow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swelganą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swell","meaning":"to become larger or rounder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swellan","meaning":"to swell, to grow, to rise","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*swelganą","meaning":"to swallow, to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swollen","swelling","bilge","balloon","bloat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enlarge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inflate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bulge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:05:16.697Z"}
{"id":"2bc80a79-bc31-4b48-99d4-55a73946e636","word":"swift","definition":"Happening or moving quickly or promptly.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swift","root_meaning":"quick, rapid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swif-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swift","meaning":"moving quickly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swift","meaning":"quick, ready","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*swifan","meaning":"to swing, revolve","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["swivel","swing","swiftness","swiftly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rapid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nimble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"b6876166-c3d7-43da-b817-a059ee3fdce1","word":"swim","definition":"To propel oneself through water by means of one's limbs or fins.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swimman","root_meaning":"to swim","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swim","meaning":"to propel oneself in water","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"swimmen","meaning":"to swim","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swimman","meaning":"to swim","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swimmer","swam","swum","swimming","swimmingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bathe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"float","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paddle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"c1459672-1e5c-448f-b850-b64854758762","word":"swimmer","definition":"A swimmer is a person or animal that swims.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swimman","root_meaning":"to swim","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swimmer","meaning":"person or animal that swims","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swim","meaning":"to move through water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swimman","meaning":"to move through water","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swim","swimming","swum","swims"],"synonyms":[{"word":"natator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bather","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aquatic athlete","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"1b3e4691-e9a8-4798-8bad-f9f915e2a25d","word":"swine","definition":"A pig or hog, especially a domesticated one; also used disparagingly for a contemptible person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swin","root_meaning":"pig, hog","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*sū-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swine","meaning":"pig","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swin","meaning":"pig, hog","children":[{"era":"200s BCE","word":"*swīną","meaning":"pig, hog","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*sū-","meaning":"pig","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sow","hog","boar","pork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pig","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boar","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"95dab563-fe97-496d-9a07-bcf5a34820de","word":"swing","definition":"To move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*swingana","root_meaning":"to swing, sway","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swengh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swing","meaning":"To move back and forth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swingan","meaning":"to beat, scourge, rush, fly, throw","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swingana","meaning":"to swing, sway","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*swengh-","meaning":"to swing, sway","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sway","swivel","swinger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oscillate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pendulate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"300dd562-40db-43e8-9121-2ffd646f06a3","word":"swipe","definition":"To move a hand or finger smoothly across a surface, especially a screen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swīpan","root_meaning":"to sweep; move swiftly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swipe","meaning":"move a finger or hand across something quickly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"swipen","meaning":"to sweep; strike; move quickly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swīpan","meaning":"to sweep; move swiftly","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swiping","swiped","swiper","sweep","sweeping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"graze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"9fd9a481-166d-40a0-8688-1dbf045108bf","word":"swiss","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of Switzerland or its people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"suizo","language_family":"germanic","root":"Schwyz","root_meaning":"name of a canton in Switzerland","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swiss","meaning":"relating to Switzerland","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Swiss","meaning":"from Switzerland","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Schweizer","meaning":"inhabitant of Schwyz","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Schwyz","meaning":"name of a canton","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Switzerland","Swiss German","Schweizer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Helvetic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"Alpine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"5672726b-d768-45f3-b707-49d8b244d4f5","word":"switch","definition":"A device for making or breaking an electrical circuit or a change from one thing to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle Low German swicchen","root_meaning":"to switch, turn, stroke","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"switch","meaning":"a device to control circuits or a change","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"switch","meaning":"a thin rod or a change","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"swicchen","meaning":"to switch, turn, stroke","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["switched","switching","switcher","switchback","switchboard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"button","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toggle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exchange","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.182Z"}
{"id":"4ad0d204-bd3c-49fd-ba2c-0895fb5d3b47","word":"swoop","definition":"To descend or move suddenly and swiftly, especially from the air.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"swāpan","root_meaning":"to sweep","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swōpaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swoop","meaning":"to descend or move suddenly and swiftly","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"swopen","meaning":"to swoop; to sweep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"swāpan","meaning":"to sweep","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swooped","swooping","swooper","swoopingly","swoopstake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plunge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nosedive","formality":"informal"},{"word":"stoop","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"94e33458-8ced-49e7-96fa-9822a89943cf","word":"sword","definition":"A weapon with a long metal blade and a hilt with a handguard, used for thrusting or striking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sweord","root_meaning":"sword","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*swerd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sword","meaning":"bladed weapon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sweord","meaning":"sword","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*swerd-","meaning":"sword","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swordsman","swordsmanship","broadsword","swordfish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"saber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cutlass","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"3776eb38-d2bd-48b7-9acb-3eeb228c68dc","word":"swordsman","definition":"A man skilled in fighting with a sword.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"swordsman","meaning":"a man skilled in fighting with a sword","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sword","meaning":"a bladed weapon with a long metal blade","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"an adult male person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sword","man","swordplay","swordfight","swordsmanship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fencer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duelist","formality":"formal"},{"word":"warrior","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"4666cb6c-a065-4b57-a80c-5180ac5f6ba5","word":"sydney","definition":"A major city and capital of New South Wales, Australia.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Sydney Cove","root_meaning":"named after Lord Sydney","root_language":"English","root_era":"1788","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Sydney","meaning":"Australian city","children":[{"era":"1788","word":"Port Jackson/Sydney Cove","meaning":"British settlement name","children":[{"era":"1780s","word":"Lord Sydney","meaning":"British politician","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Sydneysider","Sydney Harbour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"New South Wales capital","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.734Z"}
{"id":"a8a26cfc-6a33-40de-8a70-c652be9c8976","word":"symbol","definition":"A thing that represents or stands for something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"símbolo","language_family":"greek","root":"symbolon","root_meaning":"token, sign","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"sýmbolon (σύμβολον)","meaning":"A token, sign, mark of identity. From syn- (together) + ballein (to throw).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"symbol","meaning":"A sign representing something.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"símbolo","meaning":"Symbol.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["symbolic","symbolism","symbolize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emblem","formality":"formal"},{"word":"icon","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"bbc0b978-6922-45ec-be71-39ad13d8946b","word":"symbolic","definition":"Serving as a symbol or representing something by convention or association.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"simbólico","language_family":"greek","root":"συμβολικός","root_meaning":"of or belonging to a symbol","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"symbolic","meaning":"serving as a symbol or representing something by convention","children":[{"era":"medieval / classical","word":"symbolique / symbolicus","meaning":"symbolic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"συμβολικός","meaning":"of or belonging to a symbol","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σύμβολον","meaning":"token, sign, symbol","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"συν- + βάλλειν","meaning":"to throw together; compare","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French / Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["symbol","symbolism","symbolize","symbolically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emblematic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"figurative","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"865a4a0b-8158-42a1-b09f-2e2e0670b24f","word":"symmetry","definition":"The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"simetría","language_family":"greek","root":"symmetria","root_meaning":"agreement in dimensions","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"symmetría (συμμετρία)","meaning":"Agreement in dimensions, due proportion. From syn- (together) + metron (measure).","children":[{"era":"1560s","word":"symmetry","meaning":"Balanced proportions.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"simetría","meaning":"Symmetry.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["symmetrical","asymmetry","geometry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"balance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proportion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harmony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"12eb7e20-b07b-434e-a025-ba6bb4ce4fa5","word":"sympathetic","definition":"Feeling or showing sympathy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"simpático","language_family":"greek","root":"sympatheia","root_meaning":"fellow feeling, community of feeling","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*kom- + *kwenth-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"sympathetic","meaning":"feeling or showing sympathy","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"sympathy","meaning":"feeling of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sympathia","meaning":"fellow feeling","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"sympatheia","meaning":"fellow feeling, community of feeling","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sympathy","sympathize","compassion","empathetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compassionate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"understanding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"empathetic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"d675ae8e-875e-4a54-bf4f-9fe4b627cd05","word":"sympathy","definition":"Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"simpatía","language_family":"greek","root":"sympatheia","root_meaning":"fellow feeling","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"sympátheia (συμπάθεια)","meaning":"Fellow feeling, community of feeling. From syn- (together) + pathos (feeling).","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"sympathy","meaning":"Compassion for another's suffering.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"simpatía","meaning":"Sympathy, liking.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["sympathetic","sympathize","empathy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compassion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commiseration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"e94a4f6c-c972-4059-82f4-849aaa6c57ac","word":"symphony","definition":"An elaborate musical composition for a full orchestra.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sinfonía","language_family":"greek","root":"symphonia","root_meaning":"agreement of sound, harmony","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"symphony","meaning":"musical composition","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"symphonie","meaning":"agreement of sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"symphonia","meaning":"agreement of sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"symphonia","meaning":"agreement of sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syn-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"phone","meaning":"sound","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["symphonic","euphony","cacophony","phonetic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"orchestra","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concerto","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opus","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:17:19.002Z"}
{"id":"39414a00-d29e-4798-b005-7dff21a986d0","word":"symposium","definition":"A conference or meeting to discuss a particular subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"simposio","language_family":"greek","root":"συμπόσιον","root_meaning":"a drinking party, convivial meeting","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"symposium","meaning":"A conference or meeting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"symposium","meaning":"drinking party","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"συμπόσιον (symposion)","meaning":"a drinking party, convivial meeting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σύν (syn)","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"πίνειν (pinein)","meaning":"to drink","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["compote","potable","potion","summit","synopsis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seminar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forum","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"93d7a971-56d0-4201-82cf-3d2651f3ed04","word":"symptom","definition":"A physical or mental feature indicating a condition or disease.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"síntoma","language_family":"greek","root":"symptōma","root_meaning":"a happening, accident","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"sýmptōma (σύμπτωμα)","meaning":"A happening, accident, misfortune, disease symptom. From syn- (together) + piptein (to fall).","children":[{"era":"1540s","word":"symptom","meaning":"A sign of a disease or condition.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"síntoma","meaning":"Symptom.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["symptomatic","asymptomatic","syndrome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indication","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manifestation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"9b6e97e8-a420-47e6-86aa-bb5ca730f530","word":"syndicate","definition":"A group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sindicato","language_family":"french","root":"syndicus","root_meaning":"delegate, attorney, agent","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"syndicate","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"syndicat","meaning":"officially appointed administrator","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syndicus","meaning":"delegate, agent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syn","meaning":"with","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"dike","meaning":"justice, right","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["syndic","syndicalism","syndication"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consortium","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alliance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"federation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"3dd1c276-3e08-4d9a-a475-c9022abd0918","word":"syndication","definition":"The act of selling or distributing something, such as a newspaper column or a television series, to a number of different publishers or broadcasters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sindicación","language_family":"greek","root":"syndikos","root_meaning":"advocate, attorney, delegate","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"syndication","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"syndicare","meaning":"to act as a syndic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syndicus","meaning":"attorney","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syndikos","meaning":"advocate, attorney, delegate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syn- + dike","meaning":"together + justice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["syndicate","syn-","diction","verdict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"distribution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broadcasting","formality":"technical"},{"word":"licensing","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"c84cce39-f18c-404b-8e8e-cf505a480d41","word":"syndrome","definition":"A group of symptoms that consistently occur together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"síndrome","language_family":"greek","root":"syndromē","root_meaning":"a running together, concurrence","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"syndromḗ (συνδρομή)","meaning":"A running together, concurrence of symptoms. From syn- (together) + dramein (to run).","children":[{"era":"1540s","word":"syndrome","meaning":"A set of co-occurring symptoms.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"síndrome","meaning":"Syndrome.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["syndromes","symptom","hippodrome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"condition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disorder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"complex","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"252d589c-bcf5-470e-a130-166f83ee58cd","word":"synonym","definition":"A word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sinónimo","language_family":"greek","root":"synōnymon","root_meaning":"having the same name","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"synṓnymon (συνώνυμον)","meaning":"Having the same name. From syn- (together) + onyma (name).","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"synonym","meaning":"A word with the same meaning.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"sinónimo","meaning":"Synonym.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["synonymous","antonym","anonymous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equivalent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alternate term","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"53f6bc6e-e125-4258-9560-92d4df7fdc9a","word":"syntax","definition":"The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sintaxis","language_family":"greek","root":"syntaxis","root_meaning":"arrangement, order","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"16th century","word":"syntax","meaning":"arrangement of words","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syntaxis","meaning":"arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syntaxis","meaning":"arrangement, order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syn-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"tassein","meaning":"to arrange","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["syntactic","parataxis","hypotaxis","grammar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grammar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"composition","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"558f631a-2f13-42ff-aebb-64c1ea3bebc1","word":"synthesis","definition":"The combination of ideas to form a theory; the production of chemical compounds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"síntesis","language_family":"greek","root":"synthesis","root_meaning":"a putting together, composition","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"sýnthesis (σύνθεσις)","meaning":"A putting together, composition. From syn- (together) + tithenai (to place).","children":[{"era":"1610s","word":"synthesis","meaning":"Combining parts into a whole.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"síntesis","meaning":"Synthesis.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["synthesize","synthetic","photosynthesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amalgamation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"aeb7cb1a-178d-4583-bf17-236b28924419","word":"synthetic","definition":"Made by chemical synthesis, especially to imitate a natural product; not natural or genuine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sintético","language_family":"greek","root":"syntithenai","root_meaning":"to put together","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"synthetic","meaning":"made by synthesis","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"synthétique","meaning":"composed, artificial","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"synthetikos","meaning":"composite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syntithenai","meaning":"to put together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syn-","meaning":"with, together","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"tithenai","meaning":"to place, put","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["synthesis","synthesize","syntactic","syntax","photosynthesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"artificial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"man-made","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fabricated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"21ea0bb2-fef8-4594-a2f2-77440ee989b7","word":"syringe","definition":"A tube or pump used to draw in or force out liquids, especially for injecting medicine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jeringa","language_family":"greek","root":"Ancient Greek σύριγξ (syrinx)","root_meaning":"pipe; tube; reed pipe","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"syringe","meaning":"a device for drawing in or forcing out liquids","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"seringue","meaning":"syringe","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"syringa","meaning":"syringe; pipe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"σύριγξ (syrinx)","meaning":"pipe; tube; reed pipe","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["syrinx","syringes","syringing","syringed","syringeal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"injector","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hypodermic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pump","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"44d0a4db-d166-41c1-adf1-86236859ecad","word":"syrup","definition":"A thick, sweet, viscous liquid, especially one made by boiling sugar with water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jarabe","language_family":"other","root":"sharāb","root_meaning":"a drink, wine","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"syrup","meaning":"A thick, sweet liquid.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"sirop","meaning":"a sweet drink","children":[{"era":"11th-12th century","word":"syrupus","meaning":"sweet drink","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sharāb","meaning":"a drink, wine","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sherbet","sorbet","shrub","syrupy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nectar","formality":"literary"},{"word":"molasses","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treacle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"1a1f8317-831d-45fe-b5b7-df2b6169409f","word":"system","definition":"An organized set of interconnected components working together as a unified whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sistema","language_family":"greek","root":"systema","root_meaning":"organized whole, union, combination","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"system","meaning":"organized interconnected components","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"system","meaning":"organized whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"systema","meaning":"organized whole, union, combination","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["systematic","systematize","systemic","systems"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"network","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"framework","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mechanism","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"9e8631ab-3940-45c5-889a-58b87fa9da7f","word":"systematic","definition":"Done or arranged according to a system or plan; methodical.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"sistemático","language_family":"greek","root":"systema","root_meaning":"organized whole, composition","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"systematic","meaning":"methodical","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"systematicus","meaning":"of a system","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"systematikos","meaning":"systematic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"systema","meaning":"organized whole, composition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"syn-","meaning":"together","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"histanai","meaning":"to cause to stand","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["system","method","synthesis","static","consistent","ecclesiastical"],"synonyms":[{"word":"methodical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orderly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organized","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"b2964cc8-a4b4-4957-bfb5-868eaefbaf7d","word":"systems","definition":"Plural of system; sets of connected things or parts forming a complex organized whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sistemas","language_family":"greek","root":"sýstēma","root_meaning":"organized whole, combination","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂- (to stand, place)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"systems","meaning":"plural of system","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"system","meaning":"organized set of principles or procedures","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sýstēma","meaning":"organized combination of parts","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["system","systematic","systemize","systemic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"structures","formality":"formal"},{"word":"arrangements","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frameworks","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"ea333c51-6f2e-4a94-b199-ef4bcd5822af","word":"table","definition":"A piece of furniture with a flat top and legs used for eating or working.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tabla","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin tabula","root_meaning":"board, plank, table","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"table","meaning":"furniture with flat top","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"table","meaning":"board, table","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tabula","meaning":"board, plank, table","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tablet","tabular","tabletop","tablescape"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"board","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.780Z"}
{"id":"e69087d0-5066-4b5b-8eb2-c46d5b516782","word":"tables","definition":"Plural of table; pieces of furniture with a flat top and legs, or sets of data arranged in rows and columns.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tabla","language_family":"latin","root":"tabula","root_meaning":"board, plank, flat surface","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tables","meaning":"pieces of furniture or data arrangements","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"table","meaning":"a piece of furniture for eating or working","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"table","meaning":"board, plank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tabula","meaning":"board, plank, flat surface","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["table","tablet","tabular","tabletop","tabling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"furniture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chart","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.714Z"}
{"id":"f99ea6ce-9654-4dc6-8b7a-07c35052b226","word":"tablet","definition":"A flat slab, typically of stone, clay, or wood, used for inscription or painting, or a small, flat piece of medicine or other substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tabla","language_family":"latin","root":"tabula","root_meaning":"board, plank, writing tablet","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tablet","meaning":"small flat slab","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tablette","meaning":"small table, painter's palette, small plate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tabula","meaning":"board, plank, writing tablet","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["table","tabulate","tableau","tabular","tabernacle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"6fc6857f-11f1-4d29-b2be-e63c2a9deda7","word":"tack","definition":"A small sharp nail with a broad head, used for fastening light material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"takke","root_meaning":"small nail; peg","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tack","meaning":"a small fastening nail","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"takke","meaning":"small nail; peg","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"takki","meaning":"peg; nail","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tacking","tacked","tacker","tackboard","tack hammer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brad","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"b2c8d954-436a-44b2-9b91-b879dfbc89fe","word":"tackle","definition":"To confront or deal with a problem or task.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tacan","root_meaning":"to seize, to take","root_language":"Old English/Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*takaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tackle","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"takelen","meaning":"to equip, to grapple","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"taclian","meaning":"to seize, handle","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"takl","meaning":"rope, rigging","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","attack","untangle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confront","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"address","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undertake","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"e7995133-9148-475a-8880-b14d4acb74d7","word":"tactic","definition":"An action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"táctica","language_family":"greek","root":"taktike","root_meaning":"art of arrangement","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tactic","meaning":"a planned action or strategy","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"tactique","meaning":"tactic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tactica","meaning":"the art of arranging","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"τακτική (taktikē)","meaning":"art of arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"τακτικός (taktikos)","meaning":"of arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"τάσσω (tassō)","meaning":"to arrange","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tactical","tactics","syntax"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strategy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"method","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"approach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:14:35.062Z"}
{"id":"94a7a81a-5a40-405b-bcd3-d4118c023902","word":"tactical","definition":"Relating to or constituting actions carefully planned to achieve a specific end.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"táctico","language_family":"greek","root":"taktikos","root_meaning":"of arrangement, of tactics","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tactical","meaning":"relating to tactics or strategy","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"tactique","meaning":"tactical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tacticus","meaning":"of arrangement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taktikos","meaning":"of arrangement, fit for ordering","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tassein","meaning":"to arrange","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tactic","syntax","tactics"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strategic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calculated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"planned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"ba6e7e06-a4d3-4e0f-9d6b-45d1b3a85eb6","word":"tael","definition":"A tael is an East Asian unit of weight or silver value, traditionally about 40 grams.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"tahil","root_meaning":"a traditional unit of weight, especially for precious metals","root_language":"Malay","root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tael","meaning":"an East Asian unit of weight or silver value","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"tael","meaning":"borrowed form used in Portuguese","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tahil","meaning":"a traditional unit of weight","children":[],"language":"Malay"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tahil","tahil-weight","taels","Haikwan tael"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tahil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"leung","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weight unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T16:27:32.524Z"}
{"id":"65dbc099-23f1-4f38-a5d5-b4ae1292510d","word":"tag","definition":"A small label, sticker, or marker attached to an object for identification or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"etiqueta","language_family":"germanic","root":"tag","root_meaning":"to touch or strike","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":"*tag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tag","meaning":"a label or marker","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"tag","meaning":"to touch, strike","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tag-","meaning":"to touch or seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tagged","tagging","tagger","label"],"synonyms":[{"word":"label","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sticker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"68607a9b-6b55-4da3-8c90-0c9f5fbdd211","word":"tags","definition":"Plural of tag; labels, marks, or pieces of information attached to something for identification or categorization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tag","root_meaning":"a hanging piece of material, label","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tags","meaning":"identification labels or marks","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"tag","meaning":"hanging label or tatter","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tage","meaning":"hanging piece, rag","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tag","tagged","tagger","tagging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"labels","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stickers","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.662Z"}
{"id":"465d6c87-7608-4561-bae4-f105582686a0","word":"tail","definition":"The hindmost part of an animal, especially that forming a distinct, flexible appendage to the main body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tægl","root_meaning":"tail","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dagl-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tail","meaning":"hindmost part","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tægl","meaning":"tail, end","children":[{"era":"pre-400s","word":"*taglaz","meaning":"tail","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tangle","detail","curtail","retail","trailing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appendage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"3df0e326-3f19-4126-aef4-b6bef4627ed8","word":"taint","definition":"A taint is a contaminating stain, defect, or moral blemish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tinte","language_family":"latin","root":"tingere","root_meaning":"to dip, dye, color","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"taint","meaning":"contaminating stain; defect; moral blemish","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"teint","meaning":"dyed, stained","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tinctus","meaning":"dyed, dipped, stained","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tingere","meaning":"to dip, dye, color","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tainted","tainting","untainted","tincture","tinct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blemish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contamination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"corruption","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"f7c843a8-dea7-4436-8ec0-d6808bb60865","word":"take","definition":"To grasp, hold, or accept something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"Old Norse taka","root_meaning":"to take, grasp","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"take","meaning":"to grasp or accept","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"taken","meaning":"to grasp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"taka","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["taken","taker","taking","undertake","mistake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grab","formality":"informal"},{"word":"seize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"accept","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"5db57c05-0e1c-4f59-8604-f03bd84bff03","word":"taken","definition":"Captured, seized, or accepted; past participle of take.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"tomado","language_family":"germanic","root":"tacan","root_meaning":"to take, grasp","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dok-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"taken","meaning":"seized, accepted","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"take","meaning":"to take, seize","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tacan","meaning":"to take","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","taker","taking","undertake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"captured","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accepted","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"e4f6018a-b710-4a19-b7ac-5e3160330224","word":"takeoff","definition":"The act of becoming airborne or of departing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"takeoff","meaning":"the act of becoming airborne or departing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"take","meaning":"seize or grasp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"taka","meaning":"take, grasp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*takan-","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"off","meaning":"away from; not on","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","take-off","takeout","takeaway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"departure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liftoff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"launch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"cd209ac1-3553-4839-883f-03e6c027fed2","word":"takeover","definition":"The act of taking control of a business, organization, or other entity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English tacan + ofer","root_meaning":"to grasp, take + over, above","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"takeover","meaning":"The act of taking control of a business, organization, or other entity.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"take over","meaning":"to assume control","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"take","meaning":"to grasp or seize","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"over","meaning":"above, across, beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","take over","overtake","undertake","takeaway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acquisition","formality":"technical"},{"word":"buyout","formality":"technical"},{"word":"seizure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"664c77f5-6366-4d8d-a37a-0994df0b33a9","word":"takes","definition":"Third person singular present tense of take; to grasp, capture, or accept something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"toma","language_family":"norse","root":"taka","root_meaning":"to take, grasp","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*tek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"takes","meaning":"grasps or accepts","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"take","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"taka","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","taken","taking","taker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grasps","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accepts","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"captures","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"a63e3f1c-ac71-41ec-862a-90a608d90362","word":"takin","definition":"A large, goat-like mammal (Budorcas taxicolor) native to the eastern Himalayas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"tagin","root_meaning":"takin (the animal)","root_language":"Tibetan","root_era":"pre-1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"takin","meaning":"Himalayan goat-antelope","children":[{"era":"pre-19th century","word":"tagin","meaning":"the animal itself","children":[],"language":"Tibetan"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"gnu goat","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cattle-goat","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"e0a727bd-c7cf-4b21-b065-c634981297cb","word":"taking","definition":"The action of acquiring, capturing, or accepting something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"taka","root_meaning":"to take, grasp","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"taking","meaning":"action of acquiring","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"take","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"taka","meaning":"to take, grasp","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","taken","taker","retake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acquisition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"capture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"acceptance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"7669ba7c-74bd-45b2-9f38-5dbd950f2456","word":"tale","definition":"A story or narrative, especially one that is imaginative or fictitious.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"talu","root_meaning":"story, narrative, speech","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*del-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tale","meaning":"A story or narrative.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"talu","meaning":"story, narrative, speech","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*talō","meaning":"speech, talk, narrative","children":[{"era":"8000-3000 BCE","word":"*del-","meaning":"to count, recount, tell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teller","tell","telltale","tally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"story","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narrative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fable","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"bb31557f-e934-46b5-9a99-92f8f2b058d1","word":"talent","definition":"Natural aptitude or skill.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"talento","language_family":"greek","root":"talanton","root_meaning":"a scale, balance; a sum of money; skill","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*telh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"talent","meaning":"Natural aptitude or skill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"talentum","meaning":"a sum of money, a weight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"talanton","meaning":"a scale, balance; a sum of money","language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["talented","untalented","retalent","multi-talented"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aptitude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knack","formality":"informal"},{"word":"flair","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"af198071-670f-4405-8c44-dc83e5e8fffb","word":"talk","definition":"to communicate by speaking; to exchange words.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"talken","root_meaning":"to speak, tell","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"talk","meaning":"to communicate verbally","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"talk","meaning":"to speak, tell","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"talken","meaning":"to speak, converse","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["talks","talking","talked","talker","talkative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"converse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"f144fd4b-da19-4679-ba86-ca71974a4150","word":"talker","definition":"A person who talks, especially one who talks a lot.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"talk","root_meaning":"to speak or converse","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"talker","meaning":"a person who talks","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"talk","meaning":"to speak or converse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["talk","talking","talked","talkative","talks"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chatterbox","formality":"informal"},{"word":"conversationalist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orator","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"715a9452-dc67-47b6-a64f-477c3f286355","word":"talking","definition":"Speaking or engaged in speech; discussion or conversation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"talcan","root_meaning":"to speak, tell, discuss","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"talking","meaning":"act of speaking or speech","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"talk","meaning":"to speak, tell","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"talken","meaning":"to speak, converse","children":[],"language":"Old English/Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["talk","talkative","talker","talked","talkback"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speaking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conversation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialogue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"discourse","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.322Z"}
{"id":"58e489e3-7a41-493e-a6ce-6e48be8861c0","word":"tall","definition":"Of great or more than average height, especially in proportion to width.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tæl","root_meaning":"swift, prompt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*talluz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tall","meaning":"of great height","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tal","meaning":"brave, good, large","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tæl","meaning":"swift, prompt","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tall","meaning":"straight, erect","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["taller","tallest","tallish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"high","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lofty","formality":"literary"},{"word":"towering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"735befc4-ff44-48a4-89bb-0a3e28728214","word":"tam","definition":"A Scottish-style brimless cap, short for tam o' shanter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tam o' shanter","root_meaning":"the name of the cap style, from the Scots phrase","root_language":"Scots English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tam","meaning":"a Scottish-style cap","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"tam o' shanter","meaning":"the fuller name of the cap","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"Tam O'Shanter","meaning":"the Burns poem and its character name","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tam o' shanter","tams","tammy","tammy cap"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bonnet","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"3da6b0f5-598d-49e0-afa4-b754b7fad8e4","word":"tame","definition":"(Of an animal) not dangerous or frightened of people; domesticated.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"domar","language_family":"germanic","root":"tam","root_meaning":"to tame, subdue","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*demh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tame","meaning":"domesticated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tam","meaning":"tame, docile","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*zahm","meaning":"tame","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*demh₂-","meaning":"to build, to domesticate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["domestic","dominion","indomitable","timber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"docile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domesticated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gentle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"2d03cc7d-4bba-4487-a1f1-ac165817cc20","word":"tamil","definition":"A Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the Tamil people of South India and Sri Lanka.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"tamiḻ","root_meaning":"beauty, sweet, proper (self-designation)","root_language":"Old Tamil","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Tamil","meaning":"Dravidian language","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tamiḻ","meaning":"native name of the language","children":[],"language":"Old Tamil"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Dravidian","Telugu","Kannada","Malayalam","language"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Dravidian language","formality":"technical"},{"word":"South Indian language","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Sri Lankan language","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ancient language","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"c19c04bb-97c7-4917-b256-742bf9287573","word":"tammy","definition":"A plain-woven woolen or worsted fabric, often used for linings or sieves.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"tamise","root_meaning":"sieve, sifting cloth","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tammy","meaning":"A plain-woven woolen or worsted fabric.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"tammis","meaning":"a fine woolen cloth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tamise","meaning":"sieve, sifting cloth","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tami","tamis","etamine","sieve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sieve cloth","formality":"technical"},{"word":"worsted","formality":"technical"},{"word":"muslin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"726875d3-4305-495d-a707-4f4a710ac062","word":"tang","definition":"A strong, pungent taste, flavor, or smell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"tangi","root_meaning":"point, prong","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tang- (Proto-Germanic)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tang","meaning":"strong taste or smell","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tang","meaning":"sharp taste","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tangi","meaning":"point, prong (metaphorically for sharp sensation)","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tangy","tongue","sting","tinge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"zest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pungency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"piquancy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"5a48dfca-8eb6-43bc-b90c-cddb79eed5a4","word":"tank","definition":"A large container or storage chamber, especially for liquid or gas.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tanque","language_family":"other","root":"tanka","root_meaning":"reservoir, cistern","root_language":"Marathi/Gujarati","root_era":"17th century (English adoption)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tank","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"tanque","meaning":"reservoir, cistern","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"tanka","meaning":"underground reservoir","children":[],"language":"Marathi/Gujarati"}],"language":"Portuguese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tanker","tankard","cistern","reservoir"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reservoir","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cistern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"0529a0c9-75bd-41f0-9ecc-38f5df4cfd46","word":"tao","definition":"Tao is the Chinese term for the 'Way,' especially in Daoist philosophy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"道 (dào)","root_meaning":"the way; path; principle","root_language":"Chinese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tao","meaning":"the Chinese term for the Way, especially in Daoist philosophy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dao / tao","meaning":"the way; path; principle","children":[],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Taoism","Taoist","Daoism","Daoist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"way","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"principle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"34e4c8b7-d985-4b3e-96ca-72cd02bc7228","word":"tap","definition":"A device for controlling the flow of liquid or gas from a pipe or container.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tæppe","root_meaning":"stopper, faucet","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tap","meaning":"faucet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tæppe","meaning":"stopper, faucet","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stopper","faucet","taproom","spigot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"faucet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spigot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"valve","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"152568d3-94fb-4a8c-af3c-a6466382a6d6","word":"tape","definition":"A long, narrow strip of material, such as adhesive tape or magnetic tape for recording.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"taeppa","root_meaning":"to wind, wrap","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tape","meaning":"narrow strip of material","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"tape","meaning":"narrow strip of fabric","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"taeppa","meaning":"to wind, wrap","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"tappr","meaning":"plug, stopper, peg","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["taping","taped","tape-record","adhesive tape"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ribbon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adhesive","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.199Z"}
{"id":"0abefaef-ac7d-4950-a2a3-a05371ccd766","word":"tar","definition":"A dark, thick, viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"teoru","root_meaning":"tar","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*terwą","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tar","meaning":"thick black liquid","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"teoru","meaning":"tar","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*terwą","meaning":"tar","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tarmac","pitch","asphalt","barrel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pitch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"asphalt","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bitumen","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"4931a451-2e90-4d88-91a1-266d5f0d80ec","word":"target","definition":"A mark, object, or point that is aimed at or sought.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"targa","language_family":"french","root":"targe","root_meaning":"a small shield or buckler","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"target","meaning":"object to be aimed at","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"target","meaning":"shield or mark for shooting","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"targe","meaning":"a small round shield","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"targe","meaning":"shield","children":[],"language":"Germanic origin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["targeting","targeted","targetable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"objective","formality":"formal"},{"word":"goal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mark","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"721ea5de-ff82-4cda-aab6-026b48ae1b87","word":"tariff","definition":"A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tarifa","language_family":"other","root":"ta'rīf","root_meaning":"definition, inventory, notification of charges","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"9th-10th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tariff","meaning":"Tax on imports/exports","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"tarif","meaning":"rate, price list","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"tariffa","meaning":"price list, schedule of duties","children":[{"era":"9th-10th century","word":"ta'rīf","meaning":"definition, inventory, notification of charges","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tarif"],"synonyms":[{"word":"duty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tax","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"levy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impost","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"452119c5-afa5-4850-91eb-d6e0c602f7df","word":"tart","definition":"A baked dish consisting of a pastry base with a sweet or savory filling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tarta","language_family":"french","root":"tarte","root_meaning":"cake, pie","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tart","meaning":"baked pastry dish","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tarte","meaning":"cake, pie","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pie","cake","tort","tortilla","torte"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"f05bc208-1900-4964-b984-d7d237b965c3","word":"task","definition":"A piece of work to be done or undertaken.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tarea","language_family":"french","root":"tasca","root_meaning":"tax, duty, share of work","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"task","meaning":"piece of work","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"taske","meaning":"imposed duty","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tasca","meaning":"tax, duty","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tasking","taskmaster","tasks","tasked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"job","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assignment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chore","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.556Z"}
{"id":"ee5e1ba6-18a9-4dff-b873-d14946a6c56d","word":"tattoo","definition":"A form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes, and pigments into the dermis layer of the skin.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tatuaje","language_family":"other","root":"tatau","root_meaning":"to strike, to mark","root_language":"Tahitian","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tattoo","meaning":"A form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes, and pigments into the dermis layer of the skin.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"tatau","meaning":"to strike, to mark","children":[],"language":"Tahitian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"ink","formality":"informal"},{"word":"body art","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"design","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"167a54b1-3e3f-468c-88c2-e97267d70b91","word":"tavern","definition":"An establishment where alcoholic drinks are sold and consumed, often with food and lodging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"taberna","language_family":"latin","root":"taberna","root_meaning":"hut, shed, inn, shop","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tavern","meaning":"establishment for drinks/food","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"taverne","meaning":"inn, booth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taberna","meaning":"hut, shed, inn, shop","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tabernacle","tabulate","contubernal","table"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alehouse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"cb22f2a8-7eae-4035-97e2-b2b555faf693","word":"tax","definition":"A compulsory financial charge imposed by a government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tasa","language_family":"latin","root":"taxare","root_meaning":"to assess, estimate, rate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tax","meaning":"compulsory financial charge","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"taxe","meaning":"charge, fee, taxation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taxare","meaning":"to assess, rate, touch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["taxation","taxable","taxes","taxed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"levy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"duty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fee","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"76094709-57db-40e3-bce8-cb4a307b95b1","word":"taxation","definition":"The levying of tax.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tasación","language_family":"latin","root":"taxare","root_meaning":"to appraise, to censure, to charge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"taxation","meaning":"The levying of tax.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taxatio","meaning":"assessment, valuation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taxare","meaning":"to assess, to touch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tax","taxable","taxing","taxpayer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"levy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"duty","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impost","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"6bf8a1bd-9a21-475b-88e1-f65e06b51bed","word":"taxes","definition":"Mandatory financial charges imposed by a government on individuals or businesses.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tasas","language_family":"latin","root":"taxa","root_meaning":"rate or charge","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"taxes","meaning":"compulsory payments to government","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tax","meaning":"a charge or assessment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"taxa","meaning":"rate, charge","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tax","taxable","taxation","taxpayer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"levies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"duties","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assessments","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"801e8df6-2c60-4eb5-8710-8e1639869a7e","word":"taxi","definition":"A motor vehicle licensed to transport passengers for a fare, typically metered.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"taxi","language_family":"greek","root":"taximeter","root_meaning":"device measuring fare by distance","root_language":"French / Greek","root_era":"1890s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"taxi","meaning":"metered passenger vehicle for hire","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"taxicab","meaning":"cab fitted with a taximeter","children":[{"era":"1890s","word":"taximeter","meaning":"instrument measuring fare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taxis","meaning":"arrangement, charge, rate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tassein","meaning":"to arrange","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French taximètre"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["taxicab","taximeter","taxiway","cab","fare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cab","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hackney","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"minicab","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"c597e75b-2c97-4a6a-bca6-61d18f22c6ec","word":"taylor","definition":"A person whose occupation is making or altering clothes; a tailor.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tallador","language_family":"french","root":"tailler","root_meaning":"to cut","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"taylor","meaning":"one who sews or alters clothing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tailor","meaning":"one who cuts and sews cloth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tailler","meaning":"to cut","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tailor","tailored","tailoring","tailors"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seamstress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dressmaker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clothier","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"17bbb18f-1a99-4d6c-9d28-922572dfe7b5","word":"tea","definition":"A beverage made by infusing dried leaves or other plant material in hot water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"té","language_family":"other","root":"Chinese tè or Middle Chinese tshâi","root_meaning":"tea plant","root_language":"Chinese","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tea","meaning":"hot beverage from leaves","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"tea","meaning":"the plant and drink","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"the","meaning":"tea","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tè","meaning":"tea","children":[],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teacup","teapot","teatime","tea plant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infusion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brew","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hot beverage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"a7d64de3-dd41-4630-bee2-56f96a0d894b","word":"teach","definition":"To impart knowledge to or instruct someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"enseñar","language_family":"germanic","root":"tǣcan","root_meaning":"to show, to instruct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"teach","meaning":"To give instruction; to educate.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"tǣcan","meaning":"To show, to point out, to instruct.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*deik-","meaning":"To show, to point out.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["teacher","teaching","token","token"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instruct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"educate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"84c93a8c-e731-46a9-9765-72532dbb462c","word":"teacher","definition":"A person who instructs or educates students in a school or other institution.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English tæcan","root_meaning":"to teach, show, instruct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*taikanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teacher","meaning":"one who teaches","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"teachen","meaning":"to teach","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tæcan","meaning":"to teach, show, instruct","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teach","teaching","taught","educator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"educator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instructor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"813a1ab6-0463-419a-ab4c-a6367f27b29b","word":"teachers","definition":"Plural of teacher; people whose profession is to educate or instruct students.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tæcan","root_meaning":"to show, instruct","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tōk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teachers","meaning":"educators","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"teacher","meaning":"one who teaches","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tæcan","meaning":"to show, instruct","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teach","teaching","teacher","taught"],"synonyms":[{"word":"educators","formality":"formal"},{"word":"instructors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tutors","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentors","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"f286db11-3d25-4032-81fe-9b8e0a2b6bc2","word":"teaching","definition":"The act or profession of educating students; instructing others in a subject.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"enseñanza","language_family":"germanic","root":"teach","root_meaning":"to show, instruct, reveal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*taikaz (Proto-Germanic for show, teach)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teaching","meaning":"the act of educating or instructing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"teach","meaning":"to show, make known, instruct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"taecan","meaning":"to show, teach, direct","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teach","teacher","taught","teachings"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instruction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"education","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tutoring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"2d685698-cdc3-436c-87f2-23da8a3e19fc","word":"team","definition":"A group of people working together toward a common goal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"team","root_meaning":"offspring, brood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"team","meaning":"group working together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"team","meaning":"offspring, progeny; team of horses","children":[{"era":"1st century CE","word":"Proto-Germanic","meaning":"procreation, offspring","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teammate","teamwork","steam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"16f321ed-a06c-4dfc-9d55-a537825fa09e","word":"teammate","definition":"A teammate is a person who belongs to the same team as someone else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"team + mate","root_meaning":"group + companion","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teammate","meaning":"a person on the same team as another","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"team","meaning":"a group or band working or acting together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English team","meaning":"descendant, family, race; child-bearing; band","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *tau(h)maz","meaning":"that which draws; a harnessed group","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mate","meaning":"companion; fellow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English gemæcca","meaning":"companion, mate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *gamakkō","meaning":"companion, match","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["team","mate","teaming","teammates","teammatehood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"partner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colleague","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coworker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"4aef3fa7-32ed-4f38-a67a-9e6ffea176cf","word":"teams","definition":"Plural of team; groups of people working together for a common purpose or competing as a unit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"team","root_meaning":"a set of draft animals or group working together","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*demə-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teams","meaning":"plural of team; groups working together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"team","meaning":"a set of animals or group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"team","meaning":"offspring, set, group","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*demə-","meaning":"to divide, distribute","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["team","teammate","teamwork","steam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"groups","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squads","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crews","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"units","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.798Z"}
{"id":"1e8f9c04-d1a4-4e87-8b46-637606ba2de0","word":"teamwork","definition":"Coordinated work done by a group acting together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teamwork","meaning":"coordinated work done by a group acting together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"team","meaning":"a group, line of descent, or set of draft animals working together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*tau(h)maz","meaning":"that which draws; a team, yoke, or related group","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*deuk-","meaning":"to lead","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"work, deed, labor, craft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*werka-","meaning":"work","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*werg-","meaning":"to do, work","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle/Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["team","teammate","teamster","teaming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collaboration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cooperation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joint effort","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"59926fb0-27b1-4d41-9113-633b6bbfca0b","word":"tear","definition":"A drop of clear salty liquid produced from the eyes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lágrima","language_family":"germanic","root":"tēar","root_meaning":"tear (from eye)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dakru-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tear","meaning":"A drop of clear salty liquid produced from the eyes.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tēar","meaning":"tear","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*dakru-","meaning":"tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lachrymal","tearful","teardrop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"37e45d16-0f3e-4d78-ad8e-2d9ff7447b68","word":"tease","definition":"To make fun of or attempt to provoke a person or animal in a playful or malicious way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tæsan","root_meaning":"to pull, to tear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*taisijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tease","meaning":"to make fun of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tæsan","meaning":"to pull, to tear (fibers), to tease","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*taisijaną","meaning":"to prepare (wool), to pull apart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tousle","touse","tessellate","tassel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annoy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vex","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"b654dccc-07a7-4ac4-8439-dc43c25188aa","word":"tech","definition":"Technology, especially electronic and information technology.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"technē","root_meaning":"art, craft, skill","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1950s","word":"tech","meaning":"technology","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"technology","meaning":"applied science","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"technologia","meaning":"systematic treatment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technē","meaning":"art, craft","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["technology","technical","technique","technician"],"synonyms":[{"word":"technology","formality":"formal"},{"word":"electronics","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gadgetry","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"f539b397-8c83-429e-b1fb-0928b1a54979","word":"technical","definition":"Relating to or involving the practical application of science or technology.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"técnico","language_family":"greek","root":"technikos","root_meaning":"of or concerning art or craft","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"technical","meaning":"relating to technology or craftsmanship","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"technical","meaning":"relating to technique","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technikos","meaning":"of craft or art","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"techne","meaning":"art, skill, craft","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["technique","technology","technician","technically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specialized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mechanical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"83231af8-f3b7-4405-9611-1bdccac6ca41","word":"technician","definition":"A person skilled in the practical application of a particular technology or art.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"técnico","language_family":"greek","root":"technē","root_meaning":"art, skill, craft","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teks-","etymology_tree":{"era":"19th century","word":"technician","meaning":"skilled worker","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"technic","meaning":"art, skill","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"technique","meaning":"method, skill","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technicus","meaning":"technical","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technē","meaning":"art, skill, craft","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["technical","technology","technique","pyrotechnics","architect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"specialist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engineer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"6954a59c-a451-4c18-8c84-b286eda1714b","word":"techniques","definition":"Procedures or methods of accomplishing a task or skill.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"técnicas","language_family":"greek","root":"techne","root_meaning":"art, skill, craft","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"techniques","meaning":"methods or procedures","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"technique","meaning":"method or procedure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technikos","meaning":"of art or craft, artistic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"techne","meaning":"art, skill, craft","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["technique","technical","technician","technology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"methods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedures","formality":"formal"},{"word":"skills","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.197Z"}
{"id":"e1992854-1cff-4ade-8695-3c6918c4f185","word":"techno","definition":"A style of electronic dance music, typically instrumental, that is characterized by repetitive rhythmic patterns and a driving beat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tecno","language_family":"greek","root":"tekhnē","root_meaning":"art, skill, craft","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*tekþ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"techno","meaning":"A style of electronic dance music.","children":[{"era":"1600s-present","word":"technology","meaning":"the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technologia","meaning":"systematic treatment of an art","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"tekhnologia","meaning":"systematic treatment of an art","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"tekhnē","meaning":"art, skill, craft","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*tekþ-","meaning":"to fashion, to make","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["technology","technical","technique","architect","pyrotechnics","technocrat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"electronic music","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rave music","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dance music","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"club music","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"225458a2-450f-4356-a741-a81ceb795cbd","word":"technologies","definition":"Applications of scientific and practical knowledge to develop and improve tools, devices, and systems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tecnologías","language_family":"greek","root":"technologia","root_meaning":"systematic treatment of an art or craft","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"technologies","meaning":"applications of science to practical purposes","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"technology","meaning":"systematic treatment of an art","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technologia","meaning":"systematic treatment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technē","meaning":"art, craft, skill","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["technical","technique","technician","technological"],"synonyms":[{"word":"techniques","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"systems","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"innovations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"90f2d4fb-6de1-4be3-a2e3-b83e947fd7a9","word":"technology","definition":"The application of scientific knowledge and methods for practical purposes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tecnología","language_family":"greek","root":"technē + logos","root_meaning":"craft + word, study","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"technology","meaning":"applied scientific knowledge","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"technologie","meaning":"systematic treatment of craft","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"technē + logos","meaning":"craft + word, discourse","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["technological","technologist","techno","technique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"innovation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"technical systems","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"ad2e05b9-51d6-4f62-8167-e8330c0f21c7","word":"ted","definition":"To spread or turn newly mown grass for drying.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"teðja","root_meaning":"to spread manure, to spread out","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tad-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ted","meaning":"to spread newly mown grass for drying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tedden","meaning":"to spread for drying","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"teðja","meaning":"to spread manure","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tedder","tedding","tedded"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"turn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"35b40afc-323a-45f3-981c-ab9a0171e987","word":"teddy","definition":"A soft toy bear; a teddy bear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Theodore Roosevelt","root_meaning":"U.S. President","root_language":"English","root_era":"early 1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teddy","meaning":"a soft toy bear","children":[{"era":"early 1900s","word":"teddy bear","meaning":"toy bear named after President Theodore Roosevelt","children":[{"era":"early 1900s","word":"Teddy","meaning":"nickname for Theodore Roosevelt","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bear","toy","Theodore","Roosevelt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stuffed animal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plushie","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"27d832bc-c577-4dab-8ac6-cf47af2506f3","word":"tedious","definition":"Boring or tiresome because it is long, repetitive, or monotonous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tedioso","language_family":"latin","root":"taedium","root_meaning":"weariness; disgust; boredom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tedious","meaning":"boring or tiresome because it is long, repetitive, or monotonous","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tedieus","meaning":"tedious; wearisome","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taediōsus","meaning":"full of weariness; tedious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"taedium","meaning":"weariness; disgust; boredom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tedium","tediously","tediousness","tedious-looking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tiresome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monotonous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"b5c7f563-a3e3-4f36-9407-b9b6f14cdf69","word":"teen","definition":"A person aged between 13 and 19 years old; the period of adolescence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"teen","root_meaning":"ten, suffix for numbers 13-19","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dekan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teen","meaning":"adolescent aged 13-19","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"teen","meaning":"ten, suffix for numbers 13-19","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tīen","meaning":"ten","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dekan-","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teenager","teenaged","thirteen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adolescent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"youngster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youth","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"2b994970-03c5-4a2a-b16b-59dc849c0859","word":"teenage","definition":"Relating to the period of human development between the ages of 13 and 19.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"teen, -age","root_meaning":"ten (suffix for numbers 13-19); suffix indicating state","root_language":"Old English (for 'teen'), Old French (for '-age')","root_era":"pre-1100 (for 'teen'), 1200s (for '-age')","proto_root":"*dek-m","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teenage","meaning":"age 13-19","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"teen","meaning":"suffix for 13-19","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tīene","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-age","meaning":"suffix indicating state, collection","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adolescent","youth","thirteen","nineteen","childhood","adulthood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adolescent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youthful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juvenile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"b9410544-2a9b-4db6-b39c-9f1ad6660a5c","word":"teenager","definition":"A person aged between 13 and 19 years old.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"teen + age","root_meaning":"suffix for numbers 13-19 + period of life","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teenager","meaning":"person 13-19","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"teen","meaning":"suffix 13-19","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"ager","meaning":"person of a certain age","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adolescence","youth","teen","age","childhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adolescent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juvenile","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"444fc4f3-536f-411e-bce4-537d005e4a54","word":"teens","definition":"The years of a person's life from thirteen to nineteen, or people in that age range.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thirteen","root_meaning":"three and ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teens","meaning":"ages 13-19","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"teen","meaning":"one in their teens","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"thirteen","meaning":"three and ten","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teen","teenager","teenage","preteen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adolescence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"teenage years","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"a83de0ad-ecfb-42f0-a10b-6b64ac134c01","word":"teeny","definition":"Very small in size, often in a cute or informal way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teeny","meaning":"very small","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teensy","teeny-tiny","teeny-weeny","teeniness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tiny","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minuscule","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wee","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"58127eee-2c4d-44a4-bc3b-be7cb0f9ae00","word":"tel","definition":"A communication device or system for transmitting voice over distance, short for telephone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tel","language_family":"greek","root":"tele","root_meaning":"far, distant","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tel","meaning":"short for telephone","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"telephone","meaning":"device for distant sound transmission","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tele-","meaning":"far, distant","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telephone","telecom","telemetry","telegram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"phone","formality":"informal"},{"word":"telephone","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handset","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.110Z"}
{"id":"48ad920c-0374-4811-9127-21343a954662","word":"telecommunication","definition":"Communication over a distance by cable, telegraph, telephone, or broadcasting.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"telecomunicación","language_family":"greek","root":"tele-","root_meaning":"far, distant","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kwel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"telecommunication","meaning":"communication over a distance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tele-","meaning":"far, distant","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"communicare","meaning":"to share, make common","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telephone","television","communicate","community"],"synonyms":[{"word":"broadcasting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transmission","formality":"technical"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"3ae1f882-443e-45ed-b57d-95e52ba0bb2e","word":"telegram","definition":"A message sent by telegraph and then delivered in written or printed form.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"telegrama","language_family":"greek","root":"tēle- + gramma","root_meaning":"distant + something written","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*kwel- + *grebh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"telegram","meaning":"telegraphic message","children":[{"era":"1852","word":"telegram","meaning":"distant writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tēle","meaning":"distant","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"gramma","meaning":"something written","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English coinage"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telegraph","telepathy","grammar","program","epigram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"message","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dispatch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cable","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"wire","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:20:45.401Z"}
{"id":"348759d0-1acf-44ee-8352-1ae1498ce450","word":"telegraph","definition":"A device for sending messages over a distance, especially by electrical signals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"telégrafo","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek tēle- + graphein","root_meaning":"far + write","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"telegraph","meaning":"message-sending device","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"télégraphe","meaning":"a device for writing at a distance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tēle- + graphein","meaning":"far + write","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telegraphy","telegraphic","telegrapher","telegram"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wire","formality":"informal"},{"word":"signal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"semaphore","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"be06ef5e-539e-42a2-9460-9c4a3904c857","word":"telephone","definition":"A device used for transmitting sound and voice over distance through electrical signals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teléfono","language_family":"greek","root":"tele- and phone","root_meaning":"distant sound","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"telephone","meaning":"communication device","children":[{"era":"1870s","word":"telephone","meaning":"device for distant voice communication","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tele-","meaning":"distant","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"phone","meaning":"sound, voice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telephonic","telephony","telephones"],"synonyms":[{"word":"phone","formality":"informal"},{"word":"handset","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"78308b4e-d8a8-40a9-8387-bd9e8027c620","word":"telephony","definition":"The operation or use of telephones.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"telefonía","language_family":"greek","root":"tele- + phone","root_meaning":"distant + sound","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"telephony","meaning":"The operation or use of telephones.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"telephone","meaning":"an apparatus for transmitting sound by electric current","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tele","meaning":"distant","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"phone","meaning":"sound, voice","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telephone","telepathy","phonetics","microphone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"telecommunications","formality":"technical"},{"word":"phone service","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"telecom","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"595803d9-0559-4025-80c4-44da0b45f195","word":"telescope","definition":"An optical instrument for viewing distant objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"telescopio","language_family":"greek","root":"tēleskopos","root_meaning":"far-seeing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"tēleskópos (τηλεσκόπος)","meaning":"Far-seeing. From tēle- (far) + skopein (to look at, examine). Coined in 1611.","children":[{"era":"1619","word":"telescope","meaning":"An instrument for viewing distant objects.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"telescopio","meaning":"Telescope.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["telescopic","microscope","horoscope"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spyglass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"scope","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"1e7b81a3-a60f-44e5-8851-089a4b1d6b88","word":"television","definition":"An electronic device or system for transmitting moving images and sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"televisión","language_family":"greek","root":"tele- + vision","root_meaning":"far + sight","root_language":"Greek + Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tele- (far) + *wid- (see)","etymology_tree":{"era":"1920s","word":"television","meaning":"system for transmitting images at a distance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tele-","meaning":"far, distant","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"vision","meaning":"sight, act of seeing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visio","meaning":"sight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["televise","television","telecast","viewer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"TV","formality":"informal"},{"word":"broadcast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screen","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"210471aa-9cf5-48fa-9d79-5595da2a4eef","word":"tell","definition":"To communicate information or facts to someone; to narrate or relate something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tellan","root_meaning":"to tell, count, number","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*taljaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tell","meaning":"to communicate, narrate","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"tell","meaning":"to relate, count","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tellan","meaning":"to tell, count, number","children":[{"era":"1st-2nd century","word":"*taljaną","meaning":"to count, tell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["telling","told","teller","retell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inform","formality":"formal"},{"word":"relate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"say","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:14:16.733Z"}
{"id":"ead44991-0599-46d6-88bd-2ee48d744110","word":"teller","definition":"A person who tells, especially a bank clerk, vote counter, or narrator.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tellan","root_meaning":"to count, reckon, narrate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"teller","meaning":"A person who tells, especially a bank clerk or vote counter.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tell","meaning":"To count, reckon, or relate.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tellan","meaning":"To count, reckon, relate.","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English / Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"Agentive suffix.","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tell","tale","telling","retell","untold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clerk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"counter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"narrator","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"2c3586e0-1955-4343-afc1-2a09c2ccf227","word":"tellin","definition":"Any bivalve mollusc of the family Tellinidae, typically having a thin, oval shell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"tellina","root_meaning":"a kind of shellfish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tellin","meaning":"a type of clam","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Tellina","meaning":"genus name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tellina","meaning":"a kind of shellfish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bivalve","mollusc","clam","shellfish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bivalve","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"ea22922f-d285-4137-a3e9-fa53d2b53d4b","word":"telly","definition":"(informal) A television set.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"tele","root_meaning":"far, distant","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"telly","meaning":"(informal) A television set.","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"television","meaning":"a device for receiving broadcast images","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tele","meaning":"far, distant","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"visio","meaning":"sight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["television","telescope","telegraph","telepathy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"television","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"TV","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gogglebox","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"c52455f7-2c57-43c7-9beb-6aed05f2ca5b","word":"temp","definition":"A person employed for a short period, especially in an office.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"temporal","language_family":"latin","root":"tempus","root_meaning":"time","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tempos-","etymology_tree":{"era":"20th century","word":"temp","meaning":"temporary worker","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"temporary","meaning":"lasting for a limited time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"temporarius","meaning":"of time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tempus","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temporary","tempo","temporal","contemporaneous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contractor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interim","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provisional","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"cb6b1a7b-d563-45df-8061-ad8e0c4263ab","word":"temper","definition":"A person's state of mind regarding their emotions, especially their tendency to become angry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"templar","language_family":"latin","root":"temperare","root_meaning":"to moderate, to mix in due proportion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"temper","meaning":"A person's state of mind","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"temper","meaning":"to mix, moderate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"temperare","meaning":"to moderate, to mix in due proportion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temperate","temperature","attemper","distemper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disposition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nature","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"316f3e4f-e6a3-45cd-b518-18d8fe6b2f50","word":"temperature","definition":"The degree of heat or cold of a body or environment, typically measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"temperatura","language_family":"latin","root":"temperare","root_meaning":"to mix, regulate, moderate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"temperature","meaning":"degree of heat or cold","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"temperature","meaning":"degree of heat","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"temperature","meaning":"moderation of heat","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"temperatura","meaning":"degree of heat or cold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"temperare","meaning":"to mix, regulate, moderate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temperate","temperature, temperament","temperance","temper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warmth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"degree","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thermal reading","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.384Z"}
{"id":"a4978c91-ed5b-470b-a9ae-de1834130018","word":"template","definition":"A shaped piece of material used as a guide for cutting, shaping, or drilling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"templet","root_meaning":"a small temple, piece of wood","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"template","meaning":"A shaped piece of material used as a guide.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"templet","meaning":"a small temple, piece of wood","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"temple","meaning":"a piece of wood, cross-beam","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tempus","meaning":"a beam, rafter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temple","contemplate","temporal","extempore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pattern","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stencil","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"9b3f5f41-0603-403e-b26d-bb2e9f1504aa","word":"temple","definition":"A building devoted to the worship of a god or gods.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"templo","language_family":"latin","root":"templum","root_meaning":"sacred precinct, sanctuary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"temple","meaning":"religious building","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"temple","meaning":"temple","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"templum","meaning":"sacred precinct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["contemplate","temporal","temporality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sanctuary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shrine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"church","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"8855ecc8-a8d3-406c-8f9f-8dae2a69083b","word":"tempo","definition":"Tempo is the speed or pace at which something, especially music, moves or proceeds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tiempo","language_family":"latin","root":"tempus","root_meaning":"time, season","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*temh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tempo","meaning":"the speed or pace of music or action","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Italian tempo","meaning":"time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin tempus","meaning":"time, season","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-","meaning":"to cut, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temporal","temporary","contemporary","extempore","temporize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"c93ebec1-69c9-4ab1-883a-cd2918060120","word":"temporal","definition":"Relating to worldly affairs as opposed to spiritual affairs; relating to time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"temporal","language_family":"latin","root":"tempus","root_meaning":"time","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"temporal","meaning":"relating to time or worldly affairs","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"temporel","meaning":"relating to time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"temporalis","meaning":"of or pertaining to time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tempus","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temporary","contemporary","tense","tempo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"worldly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"finite","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"ba653e5b-ceab-43d6-911f-edbad2f3cf22","word":"temporary","definition":"Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"temporal","language_family":"latin","root":"tempus","root_meaning":"time","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"temporary","meaning":"lasting for a limited time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"temporarius","meaning":"of time, for a time","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tempus","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temporal","tempo","extempore","contemporaneous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brief","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"short-lived","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transient","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"338d425c-10ec-41df-8ad4-722ce770ceff","word":"tempt","definition":"Entice or try to entice (someone) to do something, typically something unwise or wrong.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"tentar","language_family":"latin","root":"temptare","root_meaning":"to try, to test","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*temp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tempt","meaning":"to entice, to test","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tempter","meaning":"to try, to test, to tempt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"temptare","meaning":"to try, to test, to feel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["temptation","attempt","trial","enterprise","tentative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"allure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seduce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"7ef0a9fd-6fbc-4042-9d1d-929c9b589460","word":"temptation","definition":"The desire to do something, especially something wrong or unwise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tentación","language_family":"latin","root":"temptare","root_meaning":"to test, to try","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*temp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"temptation","meaning":"The desire to do something, especially something wrong or unwise.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"temptation","meaning":"trial, enticement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"temptare","meaning":"to test, to try, to entice","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*temp-","meaning":"to stretch, to try","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tempt","tempter","tempting","attempt","temporary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"allure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enticement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seduction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pull","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"aca10ca9-ac85-4947-b43c-5c03e412feb5","word":"ten","definition":"The cardinal number equal to 9 plus 1.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"diez","language_family":"germanic","root":"dekan","root_meaning":"a group of ten","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dekm̥","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ten","meaning":"the number 10","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"ten","meaning":"the number 10","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dekan","meaning":"a group of ten","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*dekm̥","meaning":"ten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tenth","teens","ten-fold","tendon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.700Z"}
{"id":"f6a6bb36-b012-432d-b38a-2cceb48c064a","word":"tenacious","definition":"Holding firmly; persistent or determined.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tenaz","language_family":"latin","root":"tenax","root_meaning":"holding fast","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"~100 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"tenere","meaning":"To hold, keep.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"tenax","meaning":"Holding fast.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"tenacious","meaning":"Persistent, gripping.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"tenaz","meaning":"Tenacious, stubborn.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["tenacity","tenant","tenure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"persistent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resolute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dogged","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"8405f0c9-bfaa-4fb2-9c1d-5d2915bc9cbd","word":"tenant","definition":"A person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teniente","language_family":"french","root":"tenir","root_meaning":"to hold","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tenant","meaning":"A person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tenant","meaning":"one who holds land","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tenant","meaning":"holding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tenir","meaning":"to hold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tenēre","meaning":"to hold","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ten-","meaning":"to stretch, extend, hold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tenacious","contend","maintain","retention"],"synonyms":[{"word":"renter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lessee","formality":"technical"},{"word":"occupant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"2462c0c2-c294-4563-ab04-48ab5741cfa5","word":"tend","definition":"To regularly or frequently behave in a particular way or have a certain characteristic; also, to care for or look after someone or something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"tender","language_family":"latin","root":"tendere / attendere","root_meaning":"to stretch, extend; to direct attention to","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tend","meaning":"to incline; to care for","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tend","meaning":"to incline, move toward","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tendre","meaning":"to stretch, aim at, be inclined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tendere","meaning":"to stretch, extend","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*tendō","meaning":"to stretch","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ten-","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"tend","meaning":"to attend to, care for","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"atendre","meaning":"to wait for, attend to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"attendere","meaning":"to stretch toward, heed, give attention to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"tendere","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extend","attention","tense","contend","intend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"care for","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"look after","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"watch over","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"b26aef90-adb3-45f9-8d63-fe235c22d350","word":"tendency","definition":"A leaning or propensity toward a particular action, state, or direction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tendencia","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin tendere","root_meaning":"to stretch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tendency","meaning":"a leaning or inclination","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tendentia","meaning":"a tendency, direction, or inclination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tendens","meaning":"stretching, leaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tendere","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tend","tending","attend","tension","tendentious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inclination","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propensity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"leaning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"6e0f3274-d674-4a0f-bbc9-62261b326d2b","word":"tender","definition":"Showing gentleness, kindness, and affection.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tierno","language_family":"french","root":"tener","root_meaning":"soft, delicate, young","root_language":"latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tender","meaning":"showing gentleness, kindness, and affection","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tendre","meaning":"soft, delicate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tener","meaning":"soft, delicate, young","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tenuous","thin","attenuate","extend","tendril"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gentle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delicate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"17679864-d627-4bf0-8ed1-289f175033d1","word":"tennessee","definition":"A state in the southeastern United States bordered by eight other states.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Tanasi","root_meaning":"village name or river name of Yuchi origin","root_language":"Yuchi/Cherokee","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Tennessee","meaning":"U.S. state","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Tennessee","meaning":"state and river","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Tanasi","meaning":"village or river","children":[],"language":"Cherokee/Yuchi"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Tennessean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"The Volunteer State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"84106897-a8c8-4bd9-9da8-19a32252b781","word":"tennis","definition":"A sport played with a ball and racquet on a rectangular court with a net dividing two sides.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tenis","language_family":"french","root":"tenez","root_meaning":"hold, take","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tennis","meaning":"sport with racquet and ball","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tennis","meaning":"ball game","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tenez","meaning":"hold, take (imperative)","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tennis player","tennis court","tennis racquet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawn tennis","formality":"formal"},{"word":"court tennis","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.527Z"}
{"id":"af6461a3-1b22-44b6-aa64-7a989595b050","word":"tense","definition":"Stretched tight or rigid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tenso","language_family":"latin","root":"tendere","root_meaning":"to stretch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tense","meaning":"stretched tight or rigid","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tens","meaning":"tight, rigid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tensus","meaning":"stretched","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tendere","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tension","extend","contend","tendril","intensive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stressed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nervous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"ba3c6a6f-e4e9-473d-bce1-5ae1e4ef8d09","word":"tension","definition":"The state of being stretched tight.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tensión","language_family":"latin","root":"tensio","root_meaning":"a stretching","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tension","meaning":"The state of being stretched tight","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tension","meaning":"stretching","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tensio","meaning":"a stretching","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tendere","meaning":"to stretch","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tense","tend","extent","contend","distend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pressure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tightness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"8fff17a7-1db8-4505-8a57-3d5c5aa25818","word":"tent","definition":"A portable shelter made of cloth, supported by poles and ropes, used for camping or temporary accommodation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tienda","language_family":"latin","root":"tendere","root_meaning":"to stretch","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tent","meaning":"Portable cloth shelter","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tente","meaning":"tent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tenta","meaning":"stretched (feminine past participle of tendere 'to stretch')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["extend","tension","contend","tendency","intend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shelter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canvas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pavilion","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"bee3f3d7-cdde-4ce1-bc5b-1ffbc313e983","word":"tenth","definition":"Constituting number ten in a sequence; 10th.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"teoneða","root_meaning":"tenth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deḱm̥tós","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tenth","meaning":"10th in sequence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"teoneða","meaning":"tenth","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tehuniz","meaning":"ten","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*deḱm̥tós","meaning":"tenth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ten","tithing","tithe","teenager"],"synonyms":[{"word":"decimal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"10th","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"c36c6f71-bfcb-4d79-9f7d-ded592463799","word":"tequila","definition":"An alcoholic spirit made from the blue agave plant, primarily in the area around Tequila, Mexico.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tequila","language_family":"other","root":"Tecuílan","root_meaning":"place of tribute","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"pre-Columbian","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tequila","meaning":"alcoholic spirit","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"tequila","meaning":"spirit from Tequila","children":[{"era":"pre-Columbian","word":"Tequila","meaning":"place name","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mezcal","agave","pulque","sotol","raicilla","mexcal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agave spirit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mezcal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hooch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"3fa5e626-0a5e-417b-9622-5c80203515a0","word":"term","definition":"A word or phrase used to describe something; a fixed period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"término","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin terminus","root_meaning":"end, boundary, limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"term","meaning":"word or time period","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"terme","meaning":"end, boundary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terminus","meaning":"end, limit, boundary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terms","terminal","terminology","terminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"word","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"session","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"cb453787-87a9-49e6-ba0b-6b58d95af97c","word":"terminal","definition":"Of, forming, or situated at the end or extremity of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"terminal","language_family":"latin","root":"terminus","root_meaning":"boundary, limit, end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terminal","meaning":"Of, forming, or situated at the end or extremity of something.","children":[{"era":"null","word":"terminal","meaning":"final, conclusive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terminālis","meaning":"belonging to a boundary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terminus","meaning":"boundary, limit, end","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*terH-","meaning":"to cross over, pass through, overcome","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terminate","terminus","termination","interminable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"final","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concluding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"ba4484fd-6a48-4980-83fa-63640b1a27dd","word":"terminate","definition":"To bring something to an end or stop it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"terminar","language_family":"latin","root":"terminus","root_meaning":"boundary, end","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terminate","meaning":"to bring to an end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terminare","meaning":"to limit, end","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terminus","meaning":"boundary, end","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terminal","termination","terminus","term","exterminate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cease","formality":"formal"},{"word":"finish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"6e8cc6c9-d1a9-470f-9149-b22e6e771fa8","word":"termination","definition":"The action of ending something or the fact of being ended.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terminación","language_family":"latin","root":"terminātiō","root_meaning":"a bounding, a limiting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"termination","meaning":"the act of ending","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terminātiō","meaning":"a bounding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"termināre","meaning":"to limit, bound, end","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["term","terminate","terminal","terminus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"end","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclusion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cessation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"425d42ad-ed3d-4043-be4b-0ea7e8a9d417","word":"terms","definition":"Fixed periods of time or conditions agreed upon.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"términos","language_family":"latin","root":"terminus","root_meaning":"boundary, end, limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*term-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terms","meaning":"fixed periods or conditions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"term","meaning":"a fixed period, boundary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terminus","meaning":"boundary, end, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["term","terminal","terminate","terminology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conditions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"provisions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"periods","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"c7ef063e-4b0e-4dc9-96ad-cacbff8f106a","word":"terra","definition":"A literary or technical word for earth or land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tierra","language_family":"latin","root":"terra","root_meaning":"earth; land","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terra","meaning":"earth; land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terra","meaning":"earth; land","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrestrial","terrain","territory","terrarium","terrane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"land","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ground","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"ae7f53ea-57f4-4c99-aa27-0631c264c27f","word":"terrace","definition":"A paved or tiled outdoor area adjoining a house, often raised, serving as an open-air sitting or entertaining area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terraza","language_family":"latin","root":"terra","root_meaning":"earth, land","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ters-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"terrace","meaning":"a raised level paved area","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"terrasse","meaning":"raised platform","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terra","meaning":"earth, land","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrain","terrestrial","territory","mediterranean","subterranean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"patio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"veranda","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"balcony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:05:46.600Z"}
{"id":"0af65a37-4e65-4001-a232-c2601f2cf8cc","word":"terrain","definition":"A stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terreno","language_family":"french","root":"terrain","root_meaning":"earth, land","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"terra","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terrain","meaning":"stretch of land","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"terrain","meaning":"land","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"terrain","meaning":"earth, land","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terra","meaning":"earth, land","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["territory","terrestrial","terrarium","subterranean","mediterranean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"landscape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ground","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"land","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"topography","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"1e1e2cf6-8053-44f4-ac04-4e82a5dfea0e","word":"terrible","definition":"Extremely bad or serious.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"terrible","language_family":"latin","root":"terribilis","root_meaning":"frightening, dreadful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tre-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terrible","meaning":"Extremely bad or serious.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terribilis","meaning":"frightening, dreadful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terrere","meaning":"to frighten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terror","terrify","terrific","deterrent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dreadful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"awful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"horrible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"b0f59643-509c-4064-b6ae-8277546f4cdc","word":"terrific","definition":"Extremely good or excellent; formerly, causing terror.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"terrificus","root_meaning":"causing terror","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terrific","meaning":"excellent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terrificus","meaning":"frightening, causing terror","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terrere + facere","meaning":"to frighten + to make","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terror","terrible","frighten","fear"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amazing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"splendid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dreadful","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"c32aa946-86b1-4668-9b46-5cd0de16cdbc","word":"terrify","definition":"To cause to feel extreme fear.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"aterrar","language_family":"latin","root":"terrificare","root_meaning":"to frighten","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tres-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terrify","meaning":"to cause extreme fear","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"terrifier","meaning":"to frighten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terrificare","meaning":"to frighten","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terrificus","meaning":"frightening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terrere","meaning":"to frighten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terror","terrible","terrifying","deterrent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frighten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimidate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appall","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"1e85fbac-68b8-440e-b052-6ffe43ec7d12","word":"territory","definition":"An area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"territorio","language_family":"latin","root":"territorium","root_meaning":"land, domain","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ters-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"territory","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"territorium","meaning":"land, domain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terra","meaning":"earth, land","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrestrial","terrain","terrace","interment","subterranean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"domain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"region","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"realm","formality":"literary"},{"word":"land","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"7d03a3d3-d725-4826-8361-7daf9a7374b7","word":"terror","definition":"Extreme fear; a state of intense fear.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terror","language_family":"latin","root":"terror","root_meaning":"fright, dread","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ters-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terror","meaning":"extreme fear","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"terror","meaning":"fear, dread","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terror","meaning":"fright, dread","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terrere","meaning":"to frighten","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*ters-","meaning":"to tremble","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrify","terrible","terrorist","tremble"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fright","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"e2aaa6e5-2d6e-42ff-8471-1e4bbad169c5","word":"terrorism","definition":"The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terrorismo","language_family":"french","root":"terrorisme","root_meaning":"terrorism","root_language":"French","root_era":"1790s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terrorism","meaning":"unlawful violence for political aims","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"terrorisme","meaning":"system of terror","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"terreur","meaning":"terror, dread","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"terror","meaning":"great fear, dread","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrorist","terrorize","terror","terrible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extremism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"violence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimidation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insurgency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"283b3b9e-35a4-4b05-9eed-8651d3787c1c","word":"terrorist","definition":"A person who uses unlawful violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terrorista","language_family":"latin","root":"terrere","root_meaning":"to frighten, scare","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*tres-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terrorist","meaning":"person using terror","children":[{"era":"1790s","word":"terroriste","meaning":"proponent of the Reign of Terror","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"terreur","meaning":"terror","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"terror","meaning":"great fear, dread","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"terrere","meaning":"to frighten","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terror","terrify","terrible","deterrent","tremble","terrorism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extremist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insurgent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"militant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"243692a2-abdf-40c0-88de-a7c48cd484bd","word":"terry","definition":"A fabric, typically cotton, with a pile of loops on both sides, used for towels and bathrobes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"tirer","root_meaning":"to pull","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"terry","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"tiré","meaning":"pulled (past participle of tirer)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tirer","meaning":"to pull","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["terrycloth","terry towel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"towel fabric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"looped fabric","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"27dc67b0-f00a-4849-9673-1ba973a35c3f","word":"tesla","definition":"the SI unit of magnetic flux density, equal to one weber per square meter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"tesla","root_meaning":"adze","root_language":"Serbo-Croatian","root_era":"modern","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tesla","meaning":"the SI unit of magnetic flux density","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Tesla","meaning":"surname from tesla 'adze'; source of the unit name","children":[],"language":"Serbo-Croatian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teslas","kilotesla","megatesla","tesla coil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weber per square meter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"magnetic-flux-density unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"SI unit","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"1bfe55a4-904a-450d-b111-c9d32983aad6","word":"test","definition":"An examination or trial to assess knowledge, ability, quality, or other attributes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"test","language_family":"latin","root":"testum","root_meaning":"a pot or crucible used for assaying metals","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"test","meaning":"examination or trial","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"test","meaning":"a cupel, a vessel for assaying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testum","meaning":"a pot or crucible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attest","testify","testament","testimony"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiz","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"70a243d2-9b69-4b15-a9e6-8f76fcd283f3","word":"testament","definition":"A will, especially one disposing of personal property; or, evidence or proof of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"testamento","language_family":"latin","root":"testamentum","root_meaning":"a will, covenant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trey-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"testament","meaning":"will; evidence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testamentum","meaning":"a will, covenant, testimony","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testari","meaning":"to be a witness, to make a will","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testis","meaning":"witness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["testify","testimony","attest","contest","detest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"will","formality":"technical"},{"word":"evidence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proof","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"6568e10a-5fc2-4860-baa7-65553e676106","word":"testicle","definition":"One of the two male gonads that produce sperm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"testículo","language_family":"latin","root":"testiculus","root_meaning":"little testicle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"testicle","meaning":"one of the two male gonads that produce sperm","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testiculus","meaning":"little testicle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testis","meaning":"testicle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["testis","testicular","testiculus","testiculate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gonad","formality":"technical"},{"word":"testis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ball","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"c8ed44bc-900f-47a6-a588-edc756127cd0","word":"testify","definition":"To give evidence as a witness in a court of law.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"testificar","language_family":"latin","root":"testificari","root_meaning":"to bear witness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trey-st-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"testify","meaning":"give evidence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testificari","meaning":"to bear witness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testis","meaning":"witness","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*trey-st-","meaning":"witness","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, to do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["testimony","testament","witness","detest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attest","formality":"formal"},{"word":"declare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"4eea7aed-eb8c-4c11-9037-74308f0dd1bc","word":"testimonial","definition":"A formal statement testifying to someone's character and qualifications; a public tribute to someone and to their achievements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"testimonial","language_family":"latin","root":"testimonium","root_meaning":"evidence, witness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trest-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"testimonial","meaning":"statement of character or achievement","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"testimonial","meaning":"relating to a witness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testimonium","meaning":"evidence, witness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testis","meaning":"witness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["testify","testimony","attest","detest","protest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endorsement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tribute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recommendation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"64e69ebe-4c5b-4100-b846-a89e1308d03d","word":"testimony","definition":"A formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court of law.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"testimonio","language_family":"latin","root":"testimoine","root_meaning":"evidence, proof","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"testimony","meaning":"A formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court of law.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"testimoine","meaning":"evidence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testimonium","meaning":"proof, evidence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["test","witness","testament","testimonial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evidence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"statement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deposition","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"bc3668e6-7067-4421-a310-68544a0b9edb","word":"testing","definition":"The process of examining or evaluating something to determine its quality, performance, or characteristics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"test","root_meaning":"a vessel or container used for assaying metals","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"testing","meaning":"process of evaluation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"test","meaning":"a vessel for assaying metals","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"test","meaning":"earthen vessel","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["test","attest","contest","detest","testament"],"synonyms":[{"word":"examination","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assessment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"check","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"e77ede18-3ffa-4a2a-8d63-944aa1cb0c7a","word":"tests","definition":"Plural of test; examinations or trials to assess knowledge, ability, or quality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tests","language_family":"latin","root":"testum","root_meaning":"vessel for assaying metals; crucible","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tests","meaning":"examinations or trials","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"test","meaning":"trial, examination","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"testum","meaning":"crucible, assaying vessel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["test","testing","tested","tester","attest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exams","formality":"informal"},{"word":"examinations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trials","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"c572cec4-53ea-4b48-88c7-5e3f7749bb1c","word":"tex","definition":"A unit of linear mass density of fibers equal to one gram per 1,000 meters.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"textil","language_family":"latin","root":"texere","root_meaning":"to weave","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teks-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tex","meaning":"Unit of fiber density","children":[{"era":"20th C","word":"tex (short for textile)","meaning":"related to weaving","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"textile","meaning":"woven","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"texere","meaning":"to weave","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*teks-","meaning":"to weave, to fabricate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["textile","texture","text","context","pretext","subtle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"filament count","formality":"technical"},{"word":"yarn weight","formality":"technical"},{"word":"denier (related)","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"ed0c3750-ffbe-4d81-b079-411dd6600539","word":"texas","definition":"A state in the south-central United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Tejas","root_meaning":"roof tiles or roofed houses","root_language":"Caddo","root_era":"pre-1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Texas","meaning":"A state in the south-central United States","children":[{"era":"1500s-1800s","word":"Tejas","meaning":"plural of teja (roof tiles)","children":[{"era":"pre-1500s","word":"Tejas","meaning":"roof tiles or roofed houses","children":[],"language":"Caddo"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Texan","Texans","Tejas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Lone Star State","formality":"informal"},{"word":"TX","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.204Z"}
{"id":"c29f9fc8-b3f2-4796-9225-ba8edd2f3986","word":"text","definition":"Written or printed words or symbols forming a coherent piece of written material.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"texto","language_family":"latin","root":"texere","root_meaning":"to weave, construct","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teks-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"text","meaning":"written or printed words","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"texte","meaning":"written matter, woven material","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"textus","meaning":"woven, constructed, written matter","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["textile","texture","context","pretext","textual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"passage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"document","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"cbbd47a7-89c2-433a-8d48-d1189f3fea86","word":"textile","definition":"A type of cloth or woven fabric.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"textil","language_family":"latin","root":"textilis","root_meaning":"woven","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"textile","meaning":"A type of cloth or woven fabric.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"textilis","meaning":"woven","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"texere","meaning":"to weave","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["text","texture","context","pretext","subtext"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fabric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cloth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"material","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"9645ccfa-e317-4677-a2ba-2a067f5337f9","word":"texture","definition":"The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface or substance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"textura","language_family":"latin","root":"texere","root_meaning":"to weave","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tekþ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"texture","meaning":"the feel of a surface","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"textura","meaning":"a weaving, web, structure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"texere","meaning":"to weave, plait, construct","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["textile","text","context","pretext","tissue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consistency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surface","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"5e7b835f-749b-4715-a351-24cf6970c754","word":"thai","definition":"Relating to Thailand, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Tai","root_meaning":"freeman, person","root_language":"Thai","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thai","meaning":"from Thailand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Tai","meaning":"freeman, person","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*day","meaning":"person","children":[],"language":"Proto-Tai"}],"language":"Thai language"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Thailand","Tai (ethnic group)","Lao","Siamese"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Siamese","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Thai national","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"a7a7b9d8-4802-4c31-919c-efe1a3933db9","word":"than","definition":"A conjunction used to introduce the second element in a comparison.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thanne","root_meaning":"at that time, then","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*thanuh","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"than","meaning":"comparison conjunction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thanne","meaning":"then, at that time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*thanuh","meaning":"then","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["then","that","thane","thank"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compared to","formality":"formal"},{"word":"versus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"8eab443f-b3a1-4fe6-b59f-fb1cbc106723","word":"thank","definition":"To express gratitude or appreciation to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þank","root_meaning":"thought, gratitude","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*theng-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thank","meaning":"to express gratitude","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"thanc","meaning":"thought, gratitude","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þank","meaning":"thought, gratitude","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thanks","thankful","thankless","thanksgiving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gratitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appreciate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acknowledge","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"f4a43025-64fa-47f9-8ef4-c3cf555a2fba","word":"thankful","definition":"Feeling or expressing gratitude and relief.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thank + full","root_meaning":"expression of gratitude + filled","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tengʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thankful","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"c. 1200","word":"thankful","meaning":"thankful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þancfull","meaning":"grateful","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thank","thanks","thoughtful","thankless","fulness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grateful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appreciative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obliged","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"c4f881a9-709d-426b-963a-cbb9d1794548","word":"thankfully","definition":"In a thankful way, or more loosely, fortunately.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þancfullīċe","root_meaning":"in a thankful manner","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thankfully","meaning":"in a thankful way; sometimes, fortunately","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"thankful","meaning":"full of thanks","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thank","meaning":"thought; gratitude","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thank","thankful","thankfulness","thankless","unthankful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fortunately","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"luckily","formality":"informal"},{"word":"gratefully","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"65b20beb-f73d-43cd-894b-104ff33a3aca","word":"thanks","definition":"An expression of gratitude or appreciation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thank","root_meaning":"to think, perceive, remember","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thanks","meaning":"expression of gratitude","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thank","meaning":"to think, perceive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þancian","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thank","thankful","thankless","thankfully","thanksgiving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gratitude","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appreciation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheers","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"1c1003a4-e2a9-4960-83e7-185be701aabb","word":"thanksgiving","definition":"The act of expressing gratitude; a public celebration of divine favor, especially in harvest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þancian, giefan","root_meaning":"to thank, to give","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tongʷēti-, *gʰebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thanksgiving","meaning":"expression of gratitude","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"thank","meaning":"to express gratitude","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þancian","meaning":"to thank, consider","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"12th C","word":"giving","meaning":"presenting, bestowing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"giefan","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thank","give","gift","thanks","thought"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gratitude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appreciation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blessing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"4b78d3a8-cf36-4189-904c-25a5761a774f","word":"that","definition":"Demonstrative pronoun or determiner referring to a person or thing previously mentioned or distant.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þæt","root_meaning":"that","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*to-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"that","meaning":"demonstrative pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þæt","meaning":"that","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*to-","meaning":"demonstrative particle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["the","this","those","there"],"synonyms":[{"word":"which","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the one","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"cbbf34c7-91c4-4cc0-af7d-46c97874fbf9","word":"thatcher","definition":"A thatcher is a person who covers roofs with thatch.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þeccan","root_meaning":"to cover","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*(s)teg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thatcher","meaning":"a person who covers roofs with thatch","children":[{"era":"early 14th c.","word":"thatch + -er","meaning":"agent noun meaning one who does the work of thatching","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thatch","meaning":"to cover; roof covering material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *thakjan","meaning":"to cover","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"PIE *(s)teg-","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thatch","thatched","thatching","thatcherite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"roofer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shingler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coverer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"bcc6aa70-a92e-4ba8-9bae-cb71ee8e6d37","word":"the","definition":"Definite article used to refer to a specific person or thing.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þæt","root_meaning":"that","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*to-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"the","meaning":"definite article","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þæt","meaning":"that, the","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*to-","meaning":"demonstrative particle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["that","this","these","those"],"synonyms":[{"word":"a","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"an","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"944003bf-7cc0-4d6b-a45d-eeb8125b1982","word":"theater","definition":"A building or place where plays, films, or other performances are presented to an audience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teatro","language_family":"greek","root":"theatron","root_meaning":"a place for viewing, spectacle","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*thea-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theater","meaning":"building for performances","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"theatre","meaning":"place for viewing plays","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"théâtre","meaning":"playhouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theatron","meaning":"place for viewing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theatrical","theatrics","thespian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"playhouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auditorium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cinema","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"42987568-9225-44b7-b599-99b04c60e1aa","word":"theatre","definition":"A building or space for dramatic performances or plays.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teatro","language_family":"greek","root":"theatron","root_meaning":"a place for viewing, theater","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theatre","meaning":"Building for dramatic performances","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"theatre","meaning":"place of viewing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theatron","meaning":"place for viewing, theater","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theasthai","meaning":"to view, watch","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theatrical","theatrics","amphitheatre","theatregoer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"playhouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auditorium","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cinema","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.041Z"}
{"id":"253bbe36-1a57-41af-a05d-c62a61db85df","word":"theatrical","definition":"Relating to the theater or to dramatic performance, often in an exaggerated way.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"teatral","language_family":"greek","root":"theatron","root_meaning":"place for viewing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theatrical","meaning":"relating to the theater or drama","children":[{"era":"current","word":"theatre","meaning":"a place for dramatic performance","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Old French theatre","meaning":"theater","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek theatron","meaning":"place for viewing","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theatre","theater","theatrically","theatricality","theatricalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dramatic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"performative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"e96134e5-ad30-4c94-a25e-a209ff420b13","word":"thee","definition":"An archaic or poetic form of 'you' used as the object of a verb or preposition.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þec","root_meaning":"you (accusative/dative singular)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tu","etymology_tree":{"era":"current (archaic)","word":"thee","meaning":"object form of 'thou'","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"þē","meaning":"objective case of 'thou'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þec","meaning":"you (accusative singular)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English (archaic)"},"related_words":["thou","thy","thine","you","your"],"synonyms":[{"word":"you","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"thyself","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"1466506f-cf25-4cae-815f-9d49729adf4d","word":"theft","definition":"The action or crime of stealing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*þeuftiz","root_meaning":"theft","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theft","meaning":"The crime of stealing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þiēfþ","meaning":"theft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*þeuftiz","meaning":"theft","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thief","thieve","larceny","steal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"larceny","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pilfering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robbery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"embezzlement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"14f6486a-ad12-4042-8a17-686ce8014912","word":"their","definition":"Belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"þeirra","root_meaning":"of those, their","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800-1200","proto_root":"*tho-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"their","meaning":"possessive determiner for third person plural","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"þeire","meaning":"their","children":[{"era":"800-1200","word":"þeirra","meaning":"of those, their","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["they","them","theirs","themselves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"of them","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belonging to them","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"a03decf0-7345-48b7-8f19-7b079cbb200b","word":"theirs","definition":"Belonging to them; the possessive form of 'they'.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þeirra","root_meaning":"of them","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theirs","meaning":"belonging to them","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"theirs","meaning":"of them","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þeirra","meaning":"of them","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["their","them","they","there","those"],"synonyms":[{"word":"their own","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belonging to them","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"of them","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"601bd2bc-e809-4c99-bd3a-adab7a037f84","word":"them","definition":"Objective form of the pronoun they; referring to two or more people or things.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English þæm","root_meaning":"to them, those","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"them","meaning":"objective form of they","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þæm","meaning":"those, to them","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*tem-","meaning":"that, to","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["they","their","theirs","themselves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"those","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the group","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"ee09f1ec-9347-4c33-9c01-f44854f832b2","word":"theme","definition":"A subject or topic of discourse, discussion, or artistic work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tema","language_family":"greek","root":"thema","root_meaning":"something placed or laid down, subject","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dheh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theme","meaning":"subject or topic","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"theme","meaning":"subject, topic of discourse","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"thema","meaning":"subject, theme","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thema","meaning":"something laid down, subject","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thematic","themed","thesis","thematic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subject","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"topic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motif","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.972Z"}
{"id":"ee96dc42-2d2d-4fe3-8e53-7b8b93b7440f","word":"themselves","definition":"A reflexive pronoun used to refer to people or things previously mentioned as the subject of the clause.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English sylf","root_meaning":"self","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*selbaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"themselves","meaning":"reflexive pronoun for they","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"them + self","meaning":"themselves","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sylf","meaning":"self","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["self","themself","myself","yourself","himself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"they","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"them","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"d56dea73-4339-4229-b181-eb9f2c4f7fa3","word":"then","definition":"At that time; in the past or future at a specific point.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þonne","root_meaning":"at that time, then","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"then","meaning":"at that time or point","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"then","meaning":"at that time","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"þonne","meaning":"at that time","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["than","thence","thenceforth","thereafter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"at that time","formality":"formal"},{"word":"subsequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"next","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"b9faa321-c267-4c00-9450-e8224d7e4845","word":"theology","definition":"The study of the nature of God and religious belief.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teología","language_family":"greek","root":"theologia","root_meaning":"account of the gods","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"theología (θεολογία)","meaning":"An account of the gods. From theos (god) + -logia (study of, discourse about).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"theology","meaning":"The study of God and religion.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"teología","meaning":"Theology.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["theologian","theological","theocracy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divinity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"religious studies","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"9ba83811-8493-4653-8e68-22cf48e6183d","word":"theorem","definition":"A proposition, or statement, that can be proven.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teorema","language_family":"greek","root":"theorein","root_meaning":"to look at, contemplate","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theorem","meaning":"provable proposition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theorēma","meaning":"speculation, thesis","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theōrēma","meaning":"a sight, a spectacle, a theory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theōrein","meaning":"to look at, contemplate","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theory","theorize","theoretician","theoretical","theatre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proposition","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hypothesis","formality":"technical"},{"word":"postulate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"136a8e2a-5154-4a71-a4e9-f42fdd6b6bc4","word":"theoretical","definition":"Concerned with or involving the theory of a subject or area of study rather than its practical application.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"teórico","language_family":"greek","root":"theoria","root_meaning":"contemplation, speculation, a looking at, viewing","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theoretical","meaning":"Pertaining to theory","children":[{"era":"c. 1400s","word":"theoreticus","meaning":"Pertaining to theory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theoretikos","meaning":"Given to contemplation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theoria","meaning":"A looking at, viewing, contemplation","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theory","theorem","theorize","theorist","theology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"abstract","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conceptual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"academic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"2ed15bb1-7eb1-4f83-ab28-66ccf5c9d1af","word":"theoretically","definition":"in a way based on theory rather than practice.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"teóricamente","language_family":"greek","root":"theōria","root_meaning":"contemplation, looking at","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theoretically","meaning":"in a way based on theory rather than practice","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"theoretical","meaning":"based on theory","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"theory","meaning":"a contemplation or explanation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theōria","meaning":"contemplation, looking at","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theory","theoretical","theorize","theorist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hypothetically","formality":"formal"},{"word":"supposedly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in theory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"44b5f550-15be-42f7-a334-860806f79c36","word":"theorist","definition":"A person who develops or proposes theories, especially in the arts or sciences.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teorista","language_family":"greek","root":"theōria","root_meaning":"contemplation; viewing","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theorist","meaning":"a person who develops or proposes theories, especially in the arts or sciences","children":[{"era":"current","word":"theory","meaning":"a system of ideas or principles explaining something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theōria","meaning":"contemplation; viewing","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ist","meaning":"agentive suffix forming nouns for people associated with a field or activity","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theory","theoretical","theoretician","theorize","theorizer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"theoretician","formality":"formal"},{"word":"theorizer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speculator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"c359888b-5df6-4629-b89e-e4aa31598e18","word":"theory","definition":"A system of ideas intended to explain something, based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teoría","language_family":"greek","root":"theoría","root_meaning":"contemplation, speculation","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theory","meaning":"system of ideas to explain phenomena","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"theorie","meaning":"contemplation, theory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"theoría","meaning":"contemplation, viewing","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theoretical","theorize","theorist","theorem"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hypothesis","formality":"formal"},{"word":"explanation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speculation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"premise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"8633695f-837a-433c-aa0a-b5e09dbacd1f","word":"therapeutic","definition":"Relating to the healing of disease.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"terapéutico","language_family":"greek","root":"therapeutikos","root_meaning":"serving, healing","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"therapeutic","meaning":"Relating to the healing of disease.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"therapeuticus","meaning":"healing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"therapeutikos","meaning":"inclined to heal, helpful in treating disease","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"therapeuein","meaning":"to attend, treat medically","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["therapy","therapist","therapeutics","therapeusis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"healing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remedial","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"325a53af-1544-4d19-a0b3-5e7b57a610f8","word":"therapist","definition":"A person who practices a particular type of therapy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terapeuta","language_family":"greek","root":"therapeutēs","root_meaning":"attendant, one who treats","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"therapist","meaning":"one who provides therapy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"therapeutes","meaning":"attendant, one who treats","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["therapy","therapeutic","psyche"],"synonyms":[{"word":"counselor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practitioner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"healer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"ad0872e1-ff57-49f7-a2b0-65d2dcf13187","word":"therapy","definition":"Treatment of disease or disorder by therapeutic techniques rather than by drugs or surgery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"terapia","language_family":"greek","root":"therapeia","root_meaning":"healing, medical treatment","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"therapy","meaning":"treatment of disease or disorder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"therapeia","meaning":"healing, medical treatment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"therapeuein","meaning":"to serve, heal","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["therapist","therapeutic","therapeutics","psychotherapy","physiotherapy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"treatment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"healing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"69384ca8-9339-4639-bb57-e0653ce03055","word":"there","definition":"In, at, or to that place or position.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þær","root_meaning":"there, in that place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800-1100","proto_root":"*ther-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"there","meaning":"in, at, or to that place","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"ther","meaning":"there","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"þær","meaning":"there, in that place","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ther-","meaning":"there, that side","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["their","theirs","thereby","therefore","thereupon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"in that place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at that location","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yonder","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"5349e9e3-8ce2-4879-9cd2-51c6f40745df","word":"thereafter","definition":"After that time; subsequently.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þæræfter","root_meaning":"after that","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tre-, *ap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thereafter","meaning":"after that time","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"therafter","meaning":"after that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þæræfter","meaning":"after that","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thereof","therein","thereupon","after"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subsequently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"afterward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"then","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"f6831485-1f31-4639-b175-48826ba12b5c","word":"thereby","definition":"By that means; as a result of that.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þærby","root_meaning":"by that","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þar","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thereby","meaning":"By that means","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þærby","meaning":"by that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þær","meaning":"there","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bī","meaning":"by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whereby","hereby","nearby"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consequently","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"030112a8-1aaa-4afd-a538-bd69274f028b","word":"therefore","definition":"For that reason; consequently.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"there + fore","root_meaning":"from that place + before","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"therefore","meaning":"for that reason; consequently","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"there","meaning":"in or at that place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fore","meaning":"before; in front","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thereupon","thereafter","thereabout","wherefore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consequently","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"so","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"58ec4c0b-6ba6-4409-93fb-6c2f72b7cb4f","word":"thereof","definition":"Of or concerning that (referring to something previously mentioned).","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þær-of","root_meaning":"there + of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thereof","meaning":"of that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þær-of","meaning":"of that place or thing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thereby","therein","thereafter","whereof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"concerning","formality":"formal"},{"word":"regarding","formality":"formal"},{"word":"about it","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"a34d816b-afa8-46a6-a1a6-2023624a3dbf","word":"thermal","definition":"Relating to or produced by heat.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"termal","language_family":"greek","root":"therme","root_meaning":"heat","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thermal","meaning":"Relating to or produced by heat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thermikos","meaning":"of heat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"therme","meaning":"heat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thermos","meaning":"hot","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*gʷʰer-","meaning":"to heat, warm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thermometer","thermostat","thermos","isotherm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caloric","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heated","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"3025ec0d-f224-4498-90c7-144ad2d0dd14","word":"thermometer","definition":"An instrument used to measure temperature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"termómetro","language_family":"greek","root":"thermos + metron","root_meaning":"heat + measure","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gwher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thermometer","meaning":"instrument for measuring temperature","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"thermomètre","meaning":"temperature-measuring device","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thermos + metron","meaning":"hot + measure","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*gwher-","meaning":"to be warm, hot","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thermal","thermostat","thermodynamics","barometer","hygrometer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gauge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pyrometer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"calorimeter","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"0223be8b-ec3d-42be-b3b6-d066eaff0ac0","word":"thesaurus","definition":"A book containing a list of words and phrases, typically grouped according to similarity of meaning and often including antonyms.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tesauro","language_family":"greek","root":"thēsauros","root_meaning":"treasury, storehouse","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*dheh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thesaurus","meaning":"a book of synonyms","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thesaurus","meaning":"treasure, treasury","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"thēsauros","meaning":"treasury, storehouse","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"tithēmi","meaning":"to place, put","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dheh-","meaning":"to place, put","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treasure","treasury","enthesis","epithet","thesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wordbook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lexicon","formality":"formal"},{"word":"glossary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"a136f7a7-8358-4bae-9e28-6bf0a34888b3","word":"these","definition":"The plural form of this; those things or persons nearby or just mentioned.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thǽs","root_meaning":"of that","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*to-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"these","meaning":"plural demonstrative","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thēs","meaning":"these","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*thiz-","meaning":"this","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["this","that","those","them"],"synonyms":[{"word":"those","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the ones here","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"f1410ece-1711-482b-920e-899e307e5f24","word":"thesis","definition":"A statement or theory put forward to be maintained or proved; a long essay.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tesis","language_family":"greek","root":"thesis","root_meaning":"a placing, a proposition","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"thésis (θέσις)","meaning":"A placing, a setting down, a proposition. From tithenai (to set, place).","children":[{"era":"1570s","word":"thesis","meaning":"A statement to be proved; a dissertation.","language":"English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"tesis","meaning":"Thesis.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["antithesis","hypothesis","synthesis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dissertation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"proposition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"argument","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"a41a7ad8-b032-45e6-8a18-567fea82d18f","word":"theta","definition":"The eighth letter of the Greek alphabet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"thēta","root_meaning":"theta (letter)","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"theta","meaning":"Greek letter","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"thēta","meaning":"eighth letter of Greek alphabet","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["alpha","beta","gamma","delta","letter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Greek letter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"symbol","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:11:55.328Z"}
{"id":"c559f8ed-6013-4b12-bdc0-9f687af8f863","word":"they","definition":"Used to refer to two or more people or things previously mentioned or easily identified.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"þeir","root_meaning":"those, they","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800-1200","proto_root":"*tho-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"they","meaning":"third person plural pronoun","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"þei","meaning":"they","children":[{"era":"800-1200","word":"þeir","meaning":"they, those","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["them","their","theirs","themselves"],"synonyms":[{"word":"those people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"such persons","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"7f748126-74bd-4110-96bd-a5c68d4951f2","word":"thick","definition":"Having a large distance between two sides or surfaces.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þicce","root_meaning":"thick, dense","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þikuz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thick","meaning":"dense","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þicce","meaning":"thick, dense","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thicket","thicken","thickness","thickly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chunky","formality":"informal"},{"word":"broad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"af6d19f4-54a6-4947-8b68-975818726113","word":"thief","definition":"A person who steals another person's property, especially by stealth and without using force or violence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þēof","root_meaning":"thief","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*teup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thief","meaning":"A person who steals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þēof","meaning":"thief","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þeubaz","meaning":"thief","children":[{"era":"circa 4500-2500 BCE","word":"*teup-","meaning":"to hide, to conceal","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["theft","thieve","thievish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pilferer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"burglar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"robber","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"4a1092d5-426d-43a1-aa11-4fcbb573ca24","word":"thigh","definition":"The upper part of the leg between the hip and the knee.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *theuham","root_meaning":"thick or fat part of the leg","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*teue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thigh","meaning":"the upper part of the leg between the hip and the knee","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þeoh / þeh","meaning":"thigh","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*theuham","meaning":"thick or fat part of the leg","children":[{"era":"pre-4000 BCE","word":"*teue-","meaning":"to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thumb","thimble","thousand","tumid","tumor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upper leg","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"femur","formality":"technical"},{"word":"haunch","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"97678db9-972a-43de-b1e3-e804c747f4c2","word":"thin","definition":"Having a small distance between opposite sides or surfaces.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þynne","root_meaning":"thin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tenu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thin","meaning":"not thick","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þynne","meaning":"thin","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þunnuz","meaning":"thin","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*tenu-","meaning":"stretched, thin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stretch","attenuate","tendon","tension"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"skinny","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"4efa7b47-f42a-4de0-b897-b20140389284","word":"thine","definition":"An archaic second-person possessive pronoun or determiner meaning 'yours' or 'belonging to you'.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *þīnaz","root_meaning":"your; belonging to you","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*te-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thine","meaning":"yours; belonging to you","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English þīn","meaning":"your; of you","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *þīnaz","meaning":"your; belonging to you","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thy","thee","thou","your","yours"],"synonyms":[{"word":"your","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"yours","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"thy","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"c68dcc4f-ff56-4394-8a49-73dd9ca498b6","word":"thing","definition":"an object, entity, or matter of concern.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thing","root_meaning":"meeting, assembly, matter, thing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*theng","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thing","meaning":"object, entity, matter","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"thing","meaning":"meeting, assembly, matter, object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thing","meaning":"assembly, gathering, matter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["things","thingamajig","anything","nothing","something"],"synonyms":[{"word":"object","formality":"formal"},{"word":"item","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"384a107f-56fc-4ec6-a39c-fb0e190baccf","word":"things","definition":"Objects or matters of concern; plural of thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thing","root_meaning":"an assembly or meeting","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"things","meaning":"plural objects or matters","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thing","meaning":"assembly, meeting, matter","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"þing","meaning":"assembly, parliament","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thing","anything","nothing","something"],"synonyms":[{"word":"objects","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"items","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matters","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"33e74711-b034-4cb7-8238-9844de2c2180","word":"thingy","definition":"An informal word for a person or thing whose name is forgotten, unknown, or unimportant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þing","root_meaning":"assembly; matter; object","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thingy","meaning":"an informal placeholder noun for an unnamed thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thing","meaning":"a matter, object, or affair","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-y","meaning":"a colloquial noun-forming or diminutive suffix","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thing","thingamajig","thingamabob","thingummy","doodad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whatchamacallit","formality":"informal"},{"word":"thingamajig","formality":"informal"},{"word":"doodad","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"5d065718-3f63-4b47-86ea-0d06ae8378e1","word":"think","definition":"To use one's mind to consider or reason about something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þencan","root_meaning":"to cause to seem, to appear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"think","meaning":"to use one's mind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"think","meaning":"to cause to seem, to appear","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"þencan","meaning":"to cause to appear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thought","thinker","thinking","methinks","bethink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consider","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ponder","formality":"formal"},{"word":"believe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cogitate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"8733e4a2-4fdd-4429-9073-45b9995c31b0","word":"thinking","definition":"The process of using one's mind to consider, analyze, or form opinions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thencan","root_meaning":"to cause to appear, to think","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tengkh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thinking","meaning":"mental activity and cognition","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"think","meaning":"to seem, to appear, to think","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"thencan","meaning":"to think, to cause to appear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["think","thinker","thought","thinkable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cognition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reasoning","formality":"formal"},{"word":"contemplation","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.903Z"}
{"id":"3bf21405-a5b6-4b36-a59c-56e10e2994a2","word":"third","definition":"The ordinal number matching the number 3 in a series.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tercero","language_family":"germanic","root":"þridda","root_meaning":"third","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tritis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"third","meaning":"ordinal number for 3","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þridda","meaning":"third","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*tritis","meaning":"third","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["three","thrice","tier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tertiary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"3rd","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"8958a165-cd3c-41b2-9928-3e3e02c345f1","word":"thirst","definition":"A feeling of needing or wanting to drink.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þyrst","root_meaning":"a desire to drink","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ters-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thirst","meaning":"A feeling of needing or wanting to drink.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þyrst","meaning":"a desire to drink","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*thurstiz","meaning":"thirst","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ters-","meaning":"to dry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dry","parched","terra","torrid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dryness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"longing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"7b5f3cc3-45a6-4841-b36d-137517bd2e2c","word":"thirsty","definition":"Feeling a need to drink.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þurstig","root_meaning":"suffering from thirst","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ters-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thirsty","meaning":"Feeling a need to drink.","children":[{"era":"Old English","word":"thirsty","meaning":"Having a thirst.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þyrstig","meaning":"suffering from thirst","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*þurstuz","meaning":"thirst","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*ters-","meaning":"to dry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thirst","parched","arid","terra"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parched","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"athirst","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"002a1bd7-b87c-482e-bc45-f287671856e2","word":"thirteen","definition":"The number equivalent to the sum of six and seven; one more than twelve, or three more than ten.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"trece","language_family":"germanic","root":"þreotyne","root_meaning":"three + ten","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þrī-tīene","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thirteen","meaning":"The number equivalent to the sum of six and seven.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þreotyne","meaning":"three + ten","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["three","ten","twelve","thirty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"13","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dozen and one","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"937127e0-6b46-45b1-9a0d-c1817d06094e","word":"thirty","definition":"The cardinal number equivalent to the product of three and ten; one less than thirty-one; 30.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"treinta","language_family":"germanic","root":"þritig","root_meaning":"three tens","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þrīz-tigiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thirty","meaning":"the number 30","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þritig","meaning":"thirty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þrīe","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-tig","meaning":"group of ten","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["three","thirteenth","thirties","thirtieth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"30","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"three tens","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:15:57.787Z"}
{"id":"f601ee4f-e702-42c3-9aa1-70bc5afae72c","word":"this","definition":"Demonstrative pronoun or determiner referring to a person or thing nearby or just mentioned.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þis","root_meaning":"this","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*thes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"this","meaning":"demonstrative pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þis","meaning":"this","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*thes-","meaning":"this, here","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["that","these","here","thus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"these","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the present","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"d16ef2a2-de08-478f-b5b2-b9827a3a0792","word":"thomas","definition":"A given name of Greek origin, traditionally borne by males; also Saint Thomas the Apostle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Tomás","language_family":"greek","root":"Θωμάς (Thōmas)","root_meaning":"the twin","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Thomas","meaning":"a male given name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Thomas","meaning":"the twin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Θωμάς","meaning":"the twin, from didymos","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Tom","Tommy","Thomson","Tomás"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Tom","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"5b59c263-10ca-46dd-b061-2fffb9350b26","word":"thong","definition":"A narrow strip of material, especially of leather or hide.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þwong","root_meaning":"strap, strip of leather","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þwangan*","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thong","meaning":"A narrow strip of material, especially of leather or hide.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þwong","meaning":"strip, strap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*þwangan","meaning":"to press, to compel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whang","strap","string"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cord","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"89ef4632-3982-4056-a61b-414d37d043ae","word":"thorn","definition":"A sharp, rigid point on a plant, especially a woody stem modified for defense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *þurnaz","root_meaning":"thorn","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thorn","meaning":"a sharp point on a plant or similar object","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þorn","meaning":"thorn; sharp point","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*þurnaz","meaning":"thorn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thorny","thornless","thornbush","thornapple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prickle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spur","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"c79c0d38-d1e3-43fb-a1df-0eedd5b946df","word":"thorough","definition":"Complete with regard to every detail; not superficial or partial.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þurh","root_meaning":"through","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*terh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thorough","meaning":"complete in every detail","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þurh","meaning":"through","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*terh₂-","meaning":"to cross, pass through","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["through","furlough","thoroughfare","thoroughbred"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprehensive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhaustive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"1f04fce1-f5c5-4ee5-a550-2b9c633d28b9","word":"thorpe","definition":"A hamlet or small village, now chiefly surviving in English place names, especially in areas of Scandinavian settlement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"þorp","root_meaning":"village, hamlet, outlying farmstead","root_language":"Old Norse / Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þurpaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thorpe","meaning":"hamlet, small village (especially in place names)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þorp","meaning":"village, hamlet","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þurpaz","meaning":"village, cluster of dwellings","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English / Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dorp","thorp","Scunthorpe","Cleethorpes","Mablethorpe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hamlet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"village","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"settlement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"e1d77d60-6d4e-4c14-88f3-75c15451ff5f","word":"those","definition":"Plural form of that; referring to people or things previously mentioned.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thaes","root_meaning":"that, those","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tha-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"those","meaning":"plural of that","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"thos","meaning":"those","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thaes","meaning":"that, those","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["that","this","these"],"synonyms":[{"word":"them","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the ones","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"such","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"9704e2e2-3381-4f8e-b376-1b046900ae24","word":"thou","definition":"An archaic second-person singular pronoun, equivalent to 'you' (subjective case).","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":"tu","language_family":"germanic","root":"þū","root_meaning":"you (singular, subjective)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thou","meaning":"you (singular)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þū","meaning":"you (singular)","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tu-","meaning":"you (singular)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thee","thy","thine","you","ye"],"synonyms":[{"word":"you","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"one","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"af2eb36c-ec12-4df1-afd2-50b3162a439d","word":"though","definition":"Despite the fact that; however, used to introduce a contrasting statement.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þeah","root_meaning":"yet, however","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*thau-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"though","meaning":"despite the fact that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þeah","meaning":"yet, however","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þeahhwæðere","meaning":"nevertheless","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thought","through","thorough","thaw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"although","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"despite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"even if","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"40f38ee7-8f26-45f2-9e1f-c79ee64150ea","word":"thought","definition":"The process of using one's mind to consider or reason about something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thoht","root_meaning":"something thought","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tengk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thought","meaning":"mental process or idea","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"thought","meaning":"thought, idea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thoht","meaning":"something thought","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*tengk-","meaning":"to think, know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["think","thinking","thoughtful","thoughtless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"idea","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cognition","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"07bf5a37-332e-48f2-a3ec-389b8a1e1d26","word":"thoughts","definition":"Plural of thought; products of thinking or mental processes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thanc","root_meaning":"to think; seemly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*thank-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thoughts","meaning":"plural of mental processes or ideas","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thought","meaning":"thinking; mental process; idea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þoht","meaning":"a thinking; intention","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þencan","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["think","thought","thinker","thinking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ideas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reflections","formality":"formal"},{"word":"musings","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"45ee43ae-93bf-4057-b34b-225ac362281f","word":"thousand","definition":"The number equivalent to the product of ten and one hundred; 1,000.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*þūsundī","root_meaning":"thousand","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tuh₂s-dʰh₁-ont-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thousand","meaning":"the number 1,000","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þūsend","meaning":"thousand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*þūsundī","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hundred","million"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grand","formality":"informal"},{"word":"millenary","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"8a683341-465e-4b0c-acc1-bc9d8f64af62","word":"thousands","definition":"The plural form of thousand, representing the number one thousand or many instances of one thousand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miles","language_family":"germanic","root":"þūsund","root_meaning":"thousand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tūs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thousands","meaning":"multiple instances of 1000","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thousand","meaning":"the number 1000","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þūsund","meaning":"thousand","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thousand","thousandth","thousandfold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"multitudes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"myriad","formality":"literary"},{"word":"countless numbers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"17f55173-311a-4b68-901d-92ebff322d65","word":"thrash","definition":"To beat or strike heavily and repeatedly, or to flail violently.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*þreskaną","root_meaning":"to thresh; beat","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thrash","meaning":"to beat or strike violently and repeatedly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"threscan","meaning":"to thresh; beat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*þreskaną","meaning":"to thresh; beat","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thresh","thresher","thrashing","thrashed","thrashy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pummel","formality":"informal"},{"word":"flail","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"7e1905c2-886f-43d3-b070-6851267302fd","word":"thread","definition":"A thin strand of cotton, wool, or other material used for sewing or weaving.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thrǣd","root_meaning":"thread, twisted fibers","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*twerh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thread","meaning":"thin strand for sewing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thrǣd","meaning":"thread, twisted fibers","children":[{"era":"1st century CE","word":"Proto-Germanic","meaning":"to twist, turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["threading","threadbare","threaded","unthread"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yarn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiber","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"f5fe3e92-d069-4b6b-a163-1b7187747491","word":"threat","definition":"A statement of an intention to inflict injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for something done or not done.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þreat","root_meaning":"pressure, oppression, crowd","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*thraut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"threat","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"thraet","meaning":"threat, oppression","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þreat","meaning":"pressure, oppression","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*thraut-","meaning":"pressure, crowd","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["threaten","thrum","throng","threatful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"menace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"danger","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"f192bef8-c30e-4580-96ec-0833e1e900f0","word":"threaten","definition":"To express an intention to inflict evil, injury, or damage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þreat","root_meaning":"pressure, oppression, crowd, danger, threat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*treweti-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"threaten","meaning":"to express an intention to inflict evil, injury, or damage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"threat","meaning":"hostile declaration","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þreat","meaning":"pressure, oppression, crowd, danger, threat","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*þrautaz","meaning":"pressure, threat","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*treweti-","meaning":"to press, push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["threat","threatening","coercion","dread","menace"],"synonyms":[{"word":"menace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimidate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"e7ea55fc-41ed-4a9a-9487-f6221a190a58","word":"three","definition":"The number 3; one more than two.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tres","language_family":"germanic","root":"thrīs","root_meaning":"three","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*treyes (three)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"three","meaning":"the number 3","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"three","meaning":"the number three","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thrīs","meaning":"three (cardinal number)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thirteen","thirty","third","triple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"triplet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"99d1f013-e874-4cf8-bc7a-804ea0093707","word":"threesome","definition":"Threesome is a group of three people or things, especially in informal use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English þrēo + sum","root_meaning":"three + one/group","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tréyes","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"threesome","meaning":"a group of three","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"three","meaning":"the number 3","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *þrīz","meaning":"three","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*tréyes","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-some","meaning":"forming nouns denoting a group or collection","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["three","third","thrice","thirteen","trio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"triad","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trinity","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"6896fdf4-f12c-4df0-a508-40d85566fe87","word":"thrill","definition":"A sudden feeling of excitement and pleasure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thyrlian","root_meaning":"to pierce, penetrate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þerh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thrill","meaning":"sudden excitement","children":[{"era":"13th C.","word":"thirl","meaning":"to pierce","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thyrlian","meaning":"to pierce, penetrate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["drill","nostril","through","thorough","pierce"],"synonyms":[{"word":"excitement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"delight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"4edc1436-c926-4b02-82fb-92b19ec24819","word":"thriller","definition":"A genre of fiction, film, or television that features suspense, excitement, and a fast-paced plot.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thrill","root_meaning":"to pierce, to cause a sudden feeling of excitement","root_language":"English (verb)","root_era":"16th century (verb), 19th century (noun)","proto_root":"*thurhlijanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thriller","meaning":"suspenseful story","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"thrill","meaning":"to pierce, to excite","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"thirl","meaning":"to pierce","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þyrlian","meaning":"to pierce, bore a hole","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thrill","thrilling","unthrilling","thrilled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"suspense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mystery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"potboiler","formality":"informal"},{"word":"page-turner","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"e3b7026a-6eaa-488c-a3c9-a49d5750b976","word":"thrive","definition":"To grow vigorously or succeed; to prosper and flourish.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"þrífask","root_meaning":"to grasp, seize; later to prosper","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thrive","meaning":"to prosper or flourish","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"thriven / thrive","meaning":"to prosper, do well","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þrífask","meaning":"to grasp, seize; later to prosper","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thriving","thrived","thriven","prosper"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prosper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flourish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blossom","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"00bc1d5a-d339-4fdd-80a0-c03da9cfa6e2","word":"throat","definition":"The front part of the neck, or the passage inside the neck to the stomach and lungs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þrote","root_meaning":"throat, windpipe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*treud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"throat","meaning":"passage in the neck","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þrote","meaning":"throat, windpipe","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þrūtōn-","meaning":"throat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*treud-","meaning":"to push, thrust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["throttle","gullet","choke","strangle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gullet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"windpipe","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pharynx","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"5108e8a9-6424-48f4-88ca-e38858302a3b","word":"throne","definition":"A ceremonial chair for a sovereign, bishop, or other dignitary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trono","language_family":"greek","root":"thronos","root_meaning":"elevated seat","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"throne","meaning":"ceremonial chair","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trone","meaning":"throne","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thronus","meaning":"throne","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"thronos","meaning":"elevated seat","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["enthroned","disthrone","cathedra","royal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cathedra","formality":"formal"},{"word":"royalty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"bbc005dc-f4da-41a4-878b-6679b5fc1585","word":"throttle","definition":"To choke, restrain, or control the flow of something; also the device or opening used to regulate flow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"throte","root_meaning":"throat","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"throttle","meaning":"to choke or regulate flow","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"throttel / throttle","meaning":"to strangle, choke","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"throte","meaning":"throat","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["throat","throaty","throttling","throttler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"choke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strangle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restrain","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"6ef4f6ea-5d9c-4750-900c-3605d4d950f6","word":"through","definition":"Moving in one side or surface and out of the other; via or by means of.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English thurh","root_meaning":"passing across or over","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*thurkh (through, across)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"through","meaning":"passing into and out of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thurh","meaning":"across, through","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*thurkh","meaning":"through, across","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["throughout","thorough","thru"],"synonyms":[{"word":"via","formality":"formal"},{"word":"by way of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"across","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.673Z"}
{"id":"a9bd0831-e062-4363-956c-ae68d3d15cd2","word":"throughout","definition":"In or during every part of; from beginning to end.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"through + out","root_meaning":"from side to side + from within","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*thurh","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"throughout","meaning":"in every part of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"through","meaning":"from side to side","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*thurh","meaning":"through","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"from within","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*ūt","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["through","out","throughout","thorough"],"synonyms":[{"word":"during","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"across","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"all over","formality":"informal"},{"word":"in","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"f8e4ce66-a6cf-4eb6-a01f-3e722a0f2e02","word":"throw","definition":"Propel (something) with great force, especially in a particular direction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þrawan","root_meaning":"to twist, turn, wind","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"throw","meaning":"to propel with force","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þrawan","meaning":"to twist, turn, wind","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thrum","thread","turn","threat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toss","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"54bb2360-bce8-416a-8f99-bfe24bd467d8","word":"thrust","definition":"To push suddenly or violently in a specified direction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"þrysta","root_meaning":"to push, press","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*þrustjan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thrust","meaning":"to push forcibly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þrysta","meaning":"to push, press","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["threat","throttle","truss","thrush"],"synonyms":[{"word":"push","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shove","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"propel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"7e713b84-4ee0-4b75-964a-133166763b49","word":"thu","definition":"Abbreviation for Thursday.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Thursdaeg","root_meaning":"day of Thor (Norse god)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thu","meaning":"abbreviation for Thursday","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Thursday","meaning":"day of Thor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Thursdaeg","meaning":"day of the thunder god","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Thursday","Thu.","Thurs","Thurs."],"synonyms":[{"word":"Thursday","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Thurs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"5th day","formality":"technical"},{"word":"weekday","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"994cda15-656c-4597-9fd9-f19feb22a6ba","word":"thud","definition":"A dull, heavy sound, as of an object hitting a soft surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thud","root_meaning":"sound of a blow","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thud","meaning":"dull, heavy sound","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"thud","meaning":"sound of a blow","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thump","clunk","dull","impact"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dull impact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smack","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"3e74378f-b790-45df-9317-b39f850b3e84","word":"thug","definition":"A violent person, especially a criminal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"thag","root_meaning":"a trickster, deceiver, or robber","root_language":"Hindi, Marathi","root_era":"19th century (English adoption)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thug","meaning":"A violent person, especially a criminal.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"thag","meaning":"a trickster, deceiver, or robber","children":[{"era":"earlier than 19th century","word":"thag","meaning":"a trickster, deceiver, or robber","children":[],"language":"Marathi"}],"language":"Hindi"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thuggery","thuggish","thuggishly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruffian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gangster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoodlum","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"110e97c2-bc90-4c33-b5ed-563370867c44","word":"thumb","definition":"The short, thick first digit of the human hand, set apart from the other four.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þuma","root_meaning":"thumb (the thick one)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tum-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thumb","meaning":"The first digit of the hand.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þuma","meaning":"thumb","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þūmô","meaning":"thumb","children":[{"era":"8000-3000 BCE","word":"*tum-","meaning":"to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thimble","tumescent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"digit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"appendix","formality":"literary"},{"word":"pollex","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"3800b8f0-864b-4a10-910d-0d6d1dfce069","word":"thumbnail","definition":"The nail of the thumb, often used to refer to a small image.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þūma, nægl","root_meaning":"thumb, nail","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thumbnail","meaning":"The nail of the thumb.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"thumb","meaning":"short thick digit of the hand","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þūma","meaning":"thumb","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"nail","meaning":"horn-like covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"nægl","meaning":"nail","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thumb","fingernail","toenail","thumbnail sketch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miniature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preview","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glimpse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"f5d166d8-1a91-4c41-a72c-988c395c490e","word":"thunder","definition":"A loud rumbling or crashing noise heard after a lightning flash due to the expansion of rapidly heated air.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þunor","root_meaning":"thunder","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tenh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thunder","meaning":"Loud atmospheric noise","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"thunre","meaning":"thunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þunor","meaning":"thunder","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Thursday","tone","detonate","stun"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"boom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"f12a00be-145d-4822-a73d-1cc722931e3a","word":"thunderclap","definition":"A sudden, very loud peal or crash of thunder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"clap","root_meaning":"to strike together or make a sharp sound","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thunderclap","meaning":"a sudden, very loud peal or crash of thunder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thunder","meaning":"thunder","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"clap","meaning":"a sharp sound from striking together","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thunder","clap","thunderbolt","thunderous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thunderbolt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bang","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"78696501-1e73-4089-afab-c60204cf8fb7","word":"thursday","definition":"The fifth day of the week, named after Thor the Norse god of thunder.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"jueves","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English Þunresdæg","root_meaning":"day of Thor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Thursday","meaning":"fifth day of the week","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Thursday","meaning":"day of Thunder","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Þunresdæg","meaning":"day of Thor (thunder god)","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"Þunraz","meaning":"thunder, Thor","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Thor","thunder","Thursday's","weekday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"5th weekday","formality":"technical"},{"word":"day five","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"a102954a-fedc-468f-a174-51098d751018","word":"thus","definition":"In this way or manner; as a result or consequence.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"thus","root_meaning":"in this way","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tuz-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thus","meaning":"in this manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"thus","meaning":"in this way","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*tuz-","meaning":"this","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thusly","that","this","these"],"synonyms":[{"word":"so","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"therefore","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consequently","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"b5580f66-4932-45cd-a486-786b896fd8a1","word":"thy","definition":"An archaic form of 'your,' used as a possessive adjective before a noun.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"tu","language_family":"germanic","root":"þīn","root_meaning":"your","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*teH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"thy","meaning":"archaic possessive 'your'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þīn","meaning":"your, thine","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þīn","meaning":"your","children":[{"era":"proto","word":"*teH-","meaning":"you","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["thine","thou","thee","yours","your","y'all"],"synonyms":[{"word":"your","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"yours","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"2040706a-960b-4e3b-b25a-0bec0c3f3da9","word":"tick","definition":"A small, biting arachnid that attaches itself to warm-blooded animals and feeds on their blood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tike","root_meaning":"small goat, a tick","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tick","meaning":"a small arachnid","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tike","meaning":"small goat, a tick","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mite","insect","parasite","tick (sound)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parasite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arachnid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bug","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"ddd1b884-2b23-4c54-ac63-710382cf7a6e","word":"ticket","definition":"A document or token giving permission to enter, travel, or participate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tiquete","language_family":"french","root":"tiquet","root_meaning":"a note or mark","root_language":"Middle French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ticket","meaning":"permission or authorization document","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ticket","meaning":"a license or permit","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"tiquet","meaning":"a note or mark","children":[],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ticker","ticket holder","ticketed","ticket stub"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admission","formality":"formal"},{"word":"permit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stub","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"6d72c6a8-fb00-481f-b91c-649040b98bae","word":"tickets","definition":"documents or vouchers that grant admission or authorize a transaction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"ticket","root_meaning":"label, mark, ticket","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tickets","meaning":"documents conferring admission or rights","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ticket","meaning":"license, permit, label","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ticket","meaning":"label, ticket, attachment","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"estiquette","meaning":"label, tag","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ticket","ticketed","ticketing","golden ticket"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vouchers","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stubs","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"28f0fe47-9ae6-408c-b3c9-1eddb9dd3240","word":"tickle","definition":"To lightly touch or stroke a part of the body so as to cause a slight tingling sensation or nervous twitching.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tikelen","root_meaning":"to tickle","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tickle","meaning":"to stimulate by light touch","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tikelen","meaning":"to tickle","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tickelen","meaning":"to touch lightly","children":[],"language":"Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tingle","titillate","touch","flicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stroke","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"titillate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"amuse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"8d565516-408b-40a7-b99d-f69791b2d890","word":"tidal","definition":"Relating to tides.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*tīdiz","root_meaning":"time, period; tide","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tidal","meaning":"relating to tides","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tide","meaning":"a tide; a period of time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*tīdiz","meaning":"time, period","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-al","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning pertaining to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tide","tides","tidally","tideland","tidewater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"periodic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oscillatory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"b79f68be-f1dd-470e-a944-8cbf478af28f","word":"tide","definition":"The alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tīd","root_meaning":"time, hour, season","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tīdiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tide","meaning":"rise and fall of sea","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tīd","meaning":"time, season, hour","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*tīdiz","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["time","punctual","tidy","Ytide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"current","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ebb","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"9235f787-b157-44a6-bef8-fa56004ffcf8","word":"tidy","definition":"arranged neatly and in order; organized.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tīd","root_meaning":"time, season, hour","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dī-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tidy","meaning":"neat, orderly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tidig","meaning":"timely, seasonable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tīd","meaning":"time, season","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tīdiz","meaning":"time","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*deh₂-","meaning":"to divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tidiness","untidy","tide","timely","tidbit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"neat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"orderly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"organized","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:16:35.636Z"}
{"id":"0682491c-9369-46dd-89b8-b35c97b3c15a","word":"tie","definition":"Attach or fasten (something) with string or similar cord.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"tega","root_meaning":"to draw, pull","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deuk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tie","meaning":"Attach or fasten (something) with string or similar cord.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tīgan","meaning":"to tie, bind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tega","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["untie","tying","tied","necktie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"db6ce80a-7ca7-4bd3-bb4b-63c407a57a7d","word":"tier","definition":"A row or level of a structure, often one of a series of rows placed one above another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tira","language_family":"french","root":"tire","root_meaning":"order, sequence, rank, row","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tier","meaning":"row or level","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tire","meaning":"order, sequence, rank, row","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"tirer","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["level","rank","row","stratum","echelon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"layer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"level","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grade","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"505881cc-7df9-4c05-b1c4-785315bdf0ec","word":"tiger","definition":"A large carnivorous feline (Panthera tigris) native to Asia, known for its striped coat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tigre","language_family":"greek","root":"tigris","root_meaning":"tiger; possibly related to Old Iranian tigra- (sharp, pointed) or river Tigris","root_language":"Greek/Latin via Old Iranian","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tiger","meaning":"large striped Asian big cat","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tigre","meaning":"tiger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tigris","meaning":"tiger","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tígris","meaning":"tiger; the river Tigris","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"tigra-","meaning":"sharp, arrow","children":[],"language":"Old Iranian/Avestan"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tigress","tigerish","tigrine","Tiger","tigroid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"big cat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Panthera tigris","formality":"technical"},{"word":"felid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"313cf479-ed1f-470a-8ce9-9e06e2248be2","word":"tight","definition":"Held firmly in place; not loose or easily moved.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þéttr","root_meaning":"dense, watertight, firm","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*teng-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tight","meaning":"Held firmly in place; not loose or easily moved.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tiht","meaning":"dense, close, firm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þéttr","meaning":"dense, watertight, firm","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þanhtuz","meaning":"dense, firm","children":[{"era":"4500-2500 BCE","word":"*teng-","meaning":"to stretch, to pull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tighten","tightly","tightness","taut","tights"],"synonyms":[{"word":"firm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"taut","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T05:02:47.594Z"}
{"id":"d787d862-849d-4c52-ae23-32b66dc568fe","word":"tighten","definition":"To make or become tight or taut.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tight","root_meaning":"tight, close, firm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tighten","meaning":"to make or become tight or taut","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"tight","meaning":"tight; taut, firm, close","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þiht","meaning":"tight, close, compact","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-en","meaning":"verb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tight","tightness","taut","tauten","tighter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tighten up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"secure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"draw tight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"8cbacb37-8a73-493d-aed1-1f745b4221ac","word":"tights","definition":"Tights are close-fitting garments that cover the legs and sometimes the feet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tights","meaning":"close-fitting garments for the legs","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tight","meaning":"close-fitting; firm; snug","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tighte","meaning":"close-fitting; firm","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tight","tighten","tightness","tightly","tight-laced"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leggings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pantyhose","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stockings","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"36b18814-2686-4482-902a-a386b0ffda00","word":"tile","definition":"A thin, usually square or rectangular piece of baked clay, concrete, or other material, used for covering roofs, floors, or walls.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"teja","language_family":"latin","root":"tegula","root_meaning":"roof tile","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tile","meaning":"a piece of material for covering surfaces","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tigel","meaning":"tile, brick","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tegula","meaning":"roof tile","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tegere","meaning":"to cover","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["roof","floor","wall","tiling","tiler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"slab","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sheeting","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"f7e74bd8-5d2b-47a5-9b7c-3af45e096ee7","word":"till","definition":"Up to the time of; until.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"til","root_meaning":"to, until","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*to","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"till","meaning":"until","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"till","meaning":"up to, until","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"til","meaning":"to, until","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["until","to","unto"],"synonyms":[{"word":"until","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"up to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"f882e7d7-598e-43f4-8d2e-305ee97c950f","word":"tilt","definition":"To lean or slant away from a level position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tilt","meaning":"to lean or slant away from level","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 to 1300s","word":"tilten / tiltan","meaning":"to totter, lean, or turn up","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"uncertain Germanic source","meaning":"possibly a Scandinavian or other Germanic source","children":[],"language":"uncertain"}],"language":"Middle English / Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tilted","tilting","tilter","tiltable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incline","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lean","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"28ade724-42cd-435a-a841-0b1056d5e02c","word":"tim","definition":"A common English given name, derived from the Greek name Timotheus.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"greek","root":"Timotheus","root_meaning":"honoring God, one who honors God","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tim- (to honor) + *theos (God)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Tim","meaning":"given name, shortened form","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Timothy","meaning":"honoring God","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Timotheus","meaning":"tim (to honor) + theos (God)","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Timothy","Timmy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Timothy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.624Z"}
{"id":"f38a05f1-bf0a-47c8-b1a2-96666b973250","word":"timber","definition":"Wood prepared for use in building and carpentry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"timbr","root_meaning":"building, wood for building","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"timber","meaning":"Wood for building","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"timbr","meaning":"building, wood for building","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*timrą","meaning":"wood, building","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["team","dome","domestic","build","home"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lumber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"logs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beams","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"f9622ac9-5b69-404a-bbec-fca1c40328b0","word":"time","definition":"The indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tīm","root_meaning":"division, period, season","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*di-tem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"time","meaning":"the indefinite continued progress of existence","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"tīme","meaning":"appointed time, hour, season","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"tīm","meaning":"division, period","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["timely","timer","timetable","overtime","lifetime"],"synonyms":[{"word":"period","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"epoch","formality":"formal"},{"word":"moment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"4a10eef7-bf4a-400f-9344-d98fcb104d04","word":"timeline","definition":"A graphical representation of a period of time, on which important events are marked.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tima + lina","root_meaning":"time + thread, line","root_language":"Old Norse / Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"timeline","meaning":"chronological chart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"time","meaning":"period","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"line","meaning":"cord, row","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["timekeeper","lineage","deadline","storyline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chronology","formality":"formal"},{"word":"schedule","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"history","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"831bdb82-2919-4ae8-b6df-d407ff4f2d4e","word":"timely","definition":"Done or occurring at a favorable or appropriate time.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tima","root_meaning":"time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"timely","meaning":"at an opportune moment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"timelic","meaning":"timely, seasonable","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tīmōn","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["time","timeless","untimely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opportune","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seasonable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prompt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"well-timed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"d5fea98a-62c7-44d9-8af6-29857ccf14f0","word":"timer","definition":"A device that measures and indicates a specific duration of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tima","root_meaning":"time","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"timer","meaning":"device that measures time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"time","meaning":"duration, period","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tima","meaning":"time","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["time","timing","timely","untimely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chronometer","formality":"technical"},{"word":"stopwatch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hourglass","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"ab0a5652-6a32-4946-95bf-83884ef37667","word":"times","definition":"Instances or periods of time; occasions when something occurs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tiempos","language_family":"germanic","root":"tima","root_meaning":"time, period","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dheigh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"times","meaning":"periods or occasions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"time","meaning":"duration, period","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tima","meaning":"time, hour","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*dheigh-","meaning":"to knead, form, make","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["time","timed","timer","timely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occasions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"moments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"periods","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.420Z"}
{"id":"806680d6-cabb-4744-89d0-a14bc0f097ab","word":"timid","definition":"Lacking courage or confidence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tímido","language_family":"latin","root":"timeō","root_meaning":"to fear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"timid","meaning":"lacking courage or confidence","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"timide","meaning":"timid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"timidus","meaning":"full of fear; fearful; timid","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"timeō","meaning":"to fear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["timidity","timorous","timidly","timidness","timor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bashful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cautious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"d47c8be2-74ee-47cf-a19f-ec8b23d629ed","word":"tin","definition":"A silvery-white metallic element, atomic number 50.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tin","root_meaning":"tin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tin","meaning":"a metallic element","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tin","meaning":"tin","children":[{"era":"Ancient Germanic","word":"*tinom","meaning":"tin","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tinner","tinny","tinfoil","tinware","tinplate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stannum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"metal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"can","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"236c0d27-b641-4182-b469-a3fb0643ccc4","word":"ting","definition":"A small sharp ringing sound, or the act of making that sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ting","meaning":"a small sharp ringing sound","children":[{"era":"unknown","word":"sound-symbolic base","meaning":"an echoic form modeled on a brief metallic ring","children":[],"language":"imitative"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ding","ping","ring","tinkle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ping","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ding","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ring","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"62a53fc9-7970-460d-a26c-cf99331e024e","word":"tip","definition":"The pointed or rounded end of something, or a gratuity given for service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tippe","root_meaning":"to topple, to tip over","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*teip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tip","meaning":"pointed end or gratuity","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tip","meaning":"point, end or to overturn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tippe","meaning":"to topple","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*teip-","meaning":"to tip, to topple","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tipped","tipping","tippy","tipper","tiptoe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"point","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apex","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gratuity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"3adf1922-fac3-4b96-94b1-09e57e2a1931","word":"tips","definition":"Plural of tip; the ends or points of something, or gratuities given to service workers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"typp","root_meaning":"point, peak","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tupiz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tips","meaning":"points or gratuities","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tip","meaning":"point, end","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"typp","meaning":"point, peak","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tip","tipped","tippy","tip-top"],"synonyms":[{"word":"points","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gratuities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ends","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"741ae0e2-eb36-46f0-8f57-90547af0fd73","word":"tire","definition":"To make or become tired; exhaust.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"atirier","root_meaning":"to adorn, array; later to draw, pull","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tire","meaning":"to make weary","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"tirien","meaning":"to attire, to draw, to pull","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"atirier","meaning":"to adorn, array; to draw, pull","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tired","tiresome","attire","draw","tug"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exhaust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fatigue","formality":"formal"},{"word":"drain","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"f91551c3-3aca-4d37-919f-1f7e743222ed","word":"tit","definition":"A small bird, especially a titmouse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tittr","root_meaning":"small thing, small bird","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tit","meaning":"small bird","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tit","meaning":"small bird","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tittr","meaning":"small thing, small bird","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["titmouse","titter","tidbit","titbit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chickadee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sparrow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"b79237b8-b8d1-461f-80f8-84843be9152a","word":"titan","definition":"A person or thing of colossal size or strength.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"titán","language_family":"greek","root":"Titán","root_meaning":"one of a race of giants in Greek mythology","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"titan","meaning":"a person of colossal size or strength","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Titan","meaning":"a giant god","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Titán","meaning":"one of the primordial gods","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["titanic","titanium","titanian","titans","titanesque"],"synonyms":[{"word":"giant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colossus","formality":"literary"},{"word":"goliath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"3c739335-27b3-4a65-bdff-02b481790e37","word":"titanic","definition":"Of enormous size, strength, power, or scope.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"titánico","language_family":"greek","root":"Titan","root_meaning":"mythological giant","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"titanic","meaning":"of enormous size","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Titanicus","meaning":"pertaining to the Titans","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Titan","meaning":"mythological giant","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Titan","titanium","Tethys","atlas","colossus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"colossal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gargantuan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gigantic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"2507f972-698e-42b4-9802-414468d062ad","word":"titanium","definition":"A hard, silvery-grey metallic element with a low density and high strength, used in alloys.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"titanio","language_family":"greek","root":"Titan","root_meaning":"First-born mythological giants","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"titanium","meaning":"A metallic element","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Titan","meaning":"mythological giant","children":[],"language":"Greek"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ium","meaning":"suffix for metallic elements","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["titanic","titaness","titan","titania"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"element","formality":"technical"},{"word":"alloy","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:11:35.750Z"}
{"id":"4125e589-0ece-4fdc-9cd1-4134f4aba523","word":"title","definition":"A name given to a book, article, or other work; or a word used before a person's name denoting their rank or position.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"título","language_family":"latin","root":"titulus","root_meaning":"inscription, label, title","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"title","meaning":"a name or designation","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"title","meaning":"inscription, heading","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"titulus","meaning":"inscription, label","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["titles","titling","titular","entitle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heading","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"designation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"label","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"21514b34-293b-4978-9819-909e1488bea4","word":"titles","definition":"Names or designations indicating rank, honor, or position; or headings of sections in a document.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"títulos","language_family":"latin","root":"titulus","root_meaning":"an inscription, label, or sign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"titles","meaning":"names or designations of rank or headings","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"title","meaning":"inscription, heading, or rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"titulus","meaning":"an inscription or label","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["title","titular","titleholder","untitled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"designations","formality":"formal"},{"word":"headings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"names","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.330Z"}
{"id":"05baa5aa-2e56-4e40-b48d-15e04d269ae4","word":"toad","definition":"A tailless amphibian with a short stout body and short legs, typically having warty skin and breeding in water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tādige","root_meaning":"toad","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tauhō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toad","meaning":"amphibian","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"tode","meaning":"toad","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tādige","meaning":"toad","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["frog","wart","polliwog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frog","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amphibian","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"1cfb28d7-717e-4285-99fe-93cd51558a75","word":"toast","definition":"Sliced bread browned on both sides by heat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tostada","language_family":"latin","root":"tostus","root_meaning":"roasted, parched","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toast","meaning":"browned bread","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tost","meaning":"roasted, grilled","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tostus","meaning":"roasted, parched","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toaster","toasty","grill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crouton","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rusk","formality":"technical"},{"word":"melba","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"a2f96885-5fad-4fce-8f59-d472dc6a2e3e","word":"toaster","definition":"An appliance for browning slices of bread by heat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tostar","language_family":"latin","root":"torrēre","root_meaning":"to dry, parch, toast","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ters-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toaster","meaning":"an appliance for browning bread","children":[{"era":"current","word":"toast","meaning":"bread browned by heat","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"toster / toster","meaning":"to roast, burn","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*tostare","meaning":"to roast, parch","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"torrēre","meaning":"to dry, parch, toast","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toast","toasted","toasting","toasty","toastier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toasting machine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"toasting appliance","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bread roaster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:55:43.159Z"}
{"id":"4149daea-c210-4310-afb9-69b941d4cf5d","word":"tobacco","definition":"A plant whose dried leaves are smoked, chewed, or used as snuff.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tabaco","language_family":"other","root":"tabaco","root_meaning":"rolled leaves for smoking","root_language":"Taíno","root_era":"~1400 AD","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1580s","word":"tobacco","meaning":"Tobacco plant and leaf.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"tabaco","meaning":"Tobacco.","children":[{"era":"~1400 AD","word":"tabaco","meaning":"Rolled tobacco leaves used in smoking rituals.","language":"Taíno"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["tobacconist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nicotine","formality":"formal"},{"word":"smokes","formality":"informal"},{"word":"leaf","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"209ea59e-71a3-4464-94e2-290c094fe14c","word":"tod","definition":"A bush or thick clump of ivy or vegetation; also a unit of weight for wool of approximately 28 pounds; in British dialect, a fox.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"todde","root_meaning":"a bundle, tuft, or bush","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tod","meaning":"a bush; a unit of wool weight; dialectal fox","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"todde","meaning":"a bush, bundle, clump","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"todde","meaning":"rag, bundle, tuft","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*tuddōn","meaning":"bundle, cluster","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toddle","toddler","tod-whacker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thicket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clump","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:15:53.169Z"}
{"id":"e4254870-5fab-49ae-9989-4bbef383b33d","word":"today","definition":"The present day or the current time period.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"to dæge","root_meaning":"to the day","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"today","meaning":"the present day","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"to-day","meaning":"on this day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to dæge","meaning":"to the day","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["day","today's","nowadays","tonight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"this day","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the present","formality":"formal"},{"word":"now","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.994Z"}
{"id":"58420631-9220-40b7-9490-8a4b96ddce38","word":"toddler","definition":"A young child who is just beginning to walk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"toddle","root_meaning":"to walk with short, unsteady steps","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"Dutch touteren (to swing, sway) or uncertain onomatopoeic origin.","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toddler","meaning":"young child learning to walk","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"toddle","meaning":"to walk unsteadily","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toddling","tot","wobble","waddle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baby","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youngster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"0c3a3f6c-0829-4839-bbe2-0be1210b972e","word":"toe","definition":"Each of the five digits at the end of the human foot.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tā","root_meaning":"toe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*taihwǭ","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toe","meaning":"Each of the five digits at the end of the human foot.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tā","meaning":"toe","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toe-hold","toed","toeing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"digit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appendage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"phalanx","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"d86fb34d-b61b-49e2-8320-17ec0cfdc9ee","word":"together","definition":"With or in proximity to another person or thing; in or into one group or place.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"togaedere","root_meaning":"to gather together","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"together","meaning":"in or into one group or place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"togadere","meaning":"together","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"togaedere","meaning":"to gather together","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["togetherness","to","gather"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collectively","formality":"formal"},{"word":"jointly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"in unison","formality":"formal"},{"word":"as one","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"e733e570-ef23-484c-898a-596e6eb0966d","word":"toil","definition":"To work or struggle laboriously.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"toiler","root_meaning":"to work hard, struggle, or contend","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toil","meaning":"to work hard; labor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"toiler / toiller","meaning":"to work hard, struggle, or contend","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toiling","toiler","toilsome","toiled","toilful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"labor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"work","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drudge","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"2e581293-3cbe-4864-955c-a0497b12fd23","word":"toilet","definition":"A fixed receptacle into which a person may urinate or defecate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"toilette","root_meaning":"small cloth, dressing table, dressing room","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":"*tel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toilet","meaning":"lavatory","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"toilette","meaning":"dressing table, dressing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"toile","meaning":"cloth","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toil","textile","towel","dressing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lavatory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commode","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"restroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"W.C.","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"0333a6c5-6190-4655-90fc-abfbbf03909a","word":"token","definition":"A symbol or representation of something else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tacen","root_meaning":"sign, symbol, mark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"token","meaning":"A symbol or representation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tacen","meaning":"sign, symbol, mark","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*taiknan","meaning":"sign, token","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sign","signal","indicate","symbol","mark","tokenizer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"symbol","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emblem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indicator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sign","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"c2dbdd5a-626e-4322-96ff-41e9d72b29b4","word":"told","definition":"Past tense of tell; communicated information to someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tellan","root_meaning":"to tell, count, enumerate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*telǝ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"told","meaning":"communicated information","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tell","meaning":"to enumerate, recount, say","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tellan","meaning":"to tell, count","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tell","telling","tells","teller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"informed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"said","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narrated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"1c3183c6-1132-4058-ae75-bd1f58d98b05","word":"toledo","definition":"a fine steel or blade originally associated with Toledo, Spain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Toletum","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toledo","meaning":"a fine steel or blade originally associated with Toledo, Spain","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Toledo","meaning":"the Spanish city whose name became associated with fine steel","children":[],"language":"Spanish"},{"era":"classical","word":"Toletum","meaning":"the ancient Roman name of Toledo","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Toledo","Toledan","Toledos","Toletum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"steel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sword","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"c24d86d1-7e88-464f-925a-38389e24a431","word":"tolerance","definition":"The ability or willingness to tolerate the existence of opinions or behavior that one dislikes or disagrees with.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tolerancia","language_family":"latin","root":"tolerare","root_meaning":"to endure, bear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*telh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tolerance","meaning":"The ability or willingness to tolerate the existence of opinions or behavior that one dislikes or disagrees with.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tolerance","meaning":"forbearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tolerantia","meaning":"a bearing, supporting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tolerare","meaning":"to endure, bear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tolerate","tolerant","toleration","sufferance","endure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"acceptance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patience","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forbearance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endurance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"1f5951f3-067d-4d05-8437-b34dad30a5e6","word":"tolerate","definition":"To allow the existence, presence, or practice of something without interference.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"tolerar","language_family":"latin","root":"tolerare","root_meaning":"to endure, to bear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*telh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tolerate","meaning":"To allow the existence, presence, or practice of something without interference.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"tolerate","meaning":"to endure, to bear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"toleratus","meaning":"endured (past participle)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tolerare","meaning":"to endure, to bear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tolerance","toleration","toll","atlas","extol","talent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"endure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"permit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffer","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"4b435c77-0ed4-4822-9513-ff965f1701cc","word":"toll","definition":"A charge or fee required to be paid for a service, or the number of people affected by something negative.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tol","language_family":"greek","root":"telos","root_meaning":"tax, duty, or end","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toll","meaning":"fee or cost exacted","children":[{"era":"800-1100 CE","word":"tolle","meaning":"duty, tax","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"telos","meaning":"tax, duty, end","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tolled","tolling","tollway","toll-free","toll booth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"charge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"price","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.255Z"}
{"id":"0edd0978-11a2-485e-b81b-a73a4c029452","word":"tom","definition":"A male cat or other male animal, especially used in proper names or compound words.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tom","root_meaning":"male (used as a name)","root_language":"English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tom","meaning":"male animal","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tom","meaning":"male cat or animal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Tom","meaning":"common male name","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tomcat","tom-tit","peeping tom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"male","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tomcat","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"228737b8-cc68-43b4-aef6-5e0afbef44c4","word":"tomato","definition":"A glossy red or occasionally yellow, pulpy fruit, eaten as a vegetable or in salads.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tomate","language_family":"other","root":"tomatl","root_meaning":"swelling fruit","root_language":"Nahuatl","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tomato","meaning":"A glossy red or occasionally yellow, pulpy fruit, eaten as a vegetable or in salads.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"tomate","meaning":"tomato","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tomatl","meaning":"swelling fruit","children":[],"language":"Nahuatl"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tomatillo","pomodoro"],"synonyms":[{"word":"love apple","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vegetable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"7b0d15d9-4c69-4bc5-88b5-f0294d271e03","word":"tomb","definition":"An excavation in which a corpse is buried.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tumba","language_family":"greek","root":"tymbos","root_meaning":"burial mound, barrow","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tum-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tomb","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"tombe","meaning":"tomb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tumba","meaning":"tomb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tymbos","meaning":"burial mound","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tumulus","entomb","posthumous","sepulchre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sepulcher","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mausoleum","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"61ffa41c-ef13-4672-b831-3f08799e5744","word":"tommy","definition":"A diminutive of the proper name Thomas; specifically, a British private soldier.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Thomas","root_meaning":"twin","root_language":"Aramaic","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tommy","meaning":"British soldier","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"Tommy Atkins","meaning":"generic British soldier","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Thomas","meaning":"given name","children":[{"era":"biblical","word":"Thōmâs","meaning":"given name, twin","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"Tʾōmā","meaning":"twin","children":[],"language":"Aramaic"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Thomas","Thomasina","Thompson","Thomson"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soldier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"private","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serviceman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"b3d1f98c-4ed6-4a8c-bf45-8e299b35452b","word":"tomorrow","definition":"The day after today.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"morrow","root_meaning":"morning","root_language":"middle english","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tomorrow","meaning":"The day after today","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to","meaning":"unto","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"morrow","meaning":"morning","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["morn","morning","morrowtide","morrowspeech"],"synonyms":[{"word":"next day","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"following day","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"bb5e168d-00fb-4a1f-be15-1f63e7b843d0","word":"ton","definition":"A unit of weight equivalent to 2,000 pounds in the US or 2,240 pounds in the UK.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"tonne","root_meaning":"tun, cask","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ton","meaning":"unit of weight","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"ton","meaning":"cask, large vat","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tonne","meaning":"tun, cask","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tun","barrel","tonnage","tuner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"load","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mass","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"ef19c414-3f2d-4dff-b693-8617ba44902f","word":"tone","definition":"A musical or vocal sound with reference to its pitch, quality, or strength.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tono","language_family":"greek","root":"tonos","root_meaning":"a stretching, raising of the voice","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"tónos (τόνος)","meaning":"A stretching, tightening, raising of the voice, accent. From teinein (to stretch).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tone","meaning":"A sound of definite pitch.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"tono","meaning":"Tone.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["tonal","monotone","intonation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pitch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"timbre","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"e46982d6-cc07-4cb6-be7f-d85126634076","word":"toner","definition":"A powder used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the printed image.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tóner","language_family":"greek","root":"tonos","root_meaning":"tone, stretching","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toner","meaning":"printing powder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tone","meaning":"musical sound, quality","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonus","meaning":"a stretching, a tone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonos","meaning":"a stretching, string, tone","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tone","tonic","intonation","detonate","atonal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pigment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"colorant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dye","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"d644e2bd-9a8d-47e7-b347-1f4eeba6c12d","word":"tong","definition":"A pair of pincers or forceps.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tang","root_meaning":"pincers","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tangō (Proto-Germanic)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tong","meaning":"a grasping tool","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tang","meaning":"pincers","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tangō","meaning":"pincers","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tangle","tongue","tongs","fang"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pincers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forceps","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pliers","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"1e0b9be3-5cc1-421d-85f2-ea45b25fd4c4","word":"tongue","definition":"The fleshy muscular organ in the mouth, used for tasting, licking, swallowing, and articulating speech.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"lengua","language_family":"germanic","root":"tunge","root_meaning":"tongue","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dṇghwéh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tongue","meaning":"The fleshy muscular organ in the mouth.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tunge","meaning":"tongue","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tuŋgō","meaning":"tongue","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*dṇghwéh₂-","meaning":"tongue","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["linguistic","bilingual","glottis","lingua","languid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"language","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dialect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speech","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"a185d5a0-2ea1-42f5-9e0f-c9b0af0b1c6c","word":"tonic","definition":"A medicinal substance taken to give a feeling of vigor or well-being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tónico","language_family":"greek","root":"tonikos","root_meaning":"of stretching, pertaining to tone","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tonic","meaning":"medicinal substance","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"tonicus","meaning":"of tone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonikos","meaning":"of stretching, pertaining to tone","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonos","meaning":"tension, tone","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tone","tension","tune","monotonous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restorative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"invigorator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stimulant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"1084961f-f893-4cf5-a5b8-a1c5a64a8dac","word":"tonight","definition":"On the evening of the present day.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"to niht","root_meaning":"on this night","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tonight","meaning":"on the evening of the present day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to niht","meaning":"on this night","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to","meaning":"to, on","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"niht","meaning":"night","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["night","tomorrow","today","yesterday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"this evening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"this night","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"cdfcfab0-4374-4881-a0d1-54e8d75b558d","word":"tony","definition":"Fashionable among the wealthy or stylish; high-class.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"ton","root_meaning":"fashion, style","root_language":"French","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tony","meaning":"Fashionable among the wealthy or stylish; high-class.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"ton","meaning":"fashionable society","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"ton","meaning":"manner, style, fashion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonus","meaning":"tone, tension","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English (slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tone","fashionable","stylish","posh","chic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fashionable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upscale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"b64c8a09-9fce-4dba-95c7-92a848ac3381","word":"too","definition":"Also; as well; in addition, or excessively; more than enough.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"to","root_meaning":"in addition","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"too","meaning":"also or excessively","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"too","meaning":"in addition, likewise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to","meaning":"in addition, also","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["to","two"],"synonyms":[{"word":"also","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excessively","formality":"formal"},{"word":"overly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"likewise","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.515Z"}
{"id":"e45cf43b-ea4d-4e7a-a091-d6c858bda29d","word":"took","definition":"Past tense of take; received or grasped something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"takanan","root_meaning":"to take, grasp","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"took","meaning":"past tense of take","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"toc","meaning":"took","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"takanan","meaning":"to take, seize, grasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["take","taken","taking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grasped","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accepted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"2631bc0e-0ca6-4d3c-a7fa-658d6aecbea7","word":"tool","definition":"A device or implement used to carry out a particular function or accomplish a task.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old Norse túll","root_meaning":"tool or instrument","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tool","meaning":"an instrument for work","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tool","meaning":"implement or instrument","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"túl","meaning":"tool, implement","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *tewhlaz","meaning":"that which produces","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tools","toolkit","toolbox","tooling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instrument","formality":"formal"},{"word":"implement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"device","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.004Z"}
{"id":"38a11e8f-4189-491f-aca9-c97ef01d34e0","word":"toolbar","definition":"A graphical control element on which on-screen buttons, icons, menus, or other input or output elements are placed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tool, barre","root_meaning":"implement; rod","root_language":"Old English, Old French","root_era":"pre-1100, 1200s","proto_root":"*doh₂-lo-, *bʰerH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toolbar","meaning":"A strip of icons or buttons for quick access to functions","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tool","meaning":"implement","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"bar","meaning":"rod, barrier","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tool","bar","toolbox","bartender","firebar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"menu bar","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ribbon","formality":"technical"},{"word":"control strip","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"ed3cb02a-d593-4fb5-a881-4d2d02402360","word":"toolbox","definition":"A box or chest for holding tools.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tōl, box","root_meaning":"instrument, container","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dō-, *bʰūs-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toolbox","meaning":"A box or chest for holding tools.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tool","meaning":"instrument","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"box","meaning":"container","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tool","box","toolkit","boxing","tooling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caddy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"receptacle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"3eaf2b71-9592-416f-a611-21f710d6fa9d","word":"toolkit","definition":"A set of tools or a range of resources useful for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tōlą","root_meaning":"tool, implement","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*deh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toolkit","meaning":"A set of tools for a purpose","children":[{"era":"current","word":"tool","meaning":"implement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tol","meaning":"implement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"kit","meaning":"set of articles","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"kitte","meaning":"wooden receptacle","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tool","toolshed","kitbag","outfitting","equipment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"set","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"equipment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparatus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"a6986301-697c-4a17-bffa-c48baafca91e","word":"tools","definition":"Instruments or implements used to perform tasks or work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tol","root_meaning":"to prepare, to make ready","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tewel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tools","meaning":"implements used for work","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tool","meaning":"implements for work","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tol","meaning":"to prepare, to make ready","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tool","toolbox","toolkit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instruments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"implements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gear","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"0e7ae259-d08d-444f-82f4-a79b518aadff","word":"toot","definition":"A short blast of a horn or whistle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toot","meaning":"a short horn or whistle sound","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tooter","tooting","tootle","tootling","tooted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"honk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"blare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"23ef05a8-943f-4ba7-aa19-6233ff357fb5","word":"tooth","definition":"A hard, calcified structure found in the jaws of many vertebrates, used for biting and chewing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tōth","root_meaning":"tooth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃dont-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tooth","meaning":"hard structure in mouth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tōth","meaning":"tooth","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*tanþs","meaning":"tooth","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*h₃dont-","meaning":"tooth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tusk","toothy","toothsome","dental","dentist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incisor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"molar","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:06:00.529Z"}
{"id":"c3d47df9-a0dc-47f4-9acb-24113a9ba642","word":"toothbrush","definition":"A brush used for cleaning the teeth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tooth, brush","root_meaning":"dental tool; implement for sweeping or cleaning","root_language":"Old English, Old French","root_era":"pre-1100 (tooth), 1300s (brush)","proto_root":"*dent-, *brusk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toothbrush","meaning":"A brush used for cleaning the teeth.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tooth","meaning":"dental tool","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"brush","meaning":"implement for sweeping","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"brosche","meaning":"brush, bundle of twigs","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["teeth","brushing","toothpaste","toothache","hairbrush"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dental brush","formality":"technical"},{"word":"interdental brush","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"407cd1e3-a4d0-481b-b316-e6bd14a26c0a","word":"toothpaste","definition":"A paste or gel used to clean teeth, usually applied with a toothbrush.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toothpaste","meaning":"tooth-cleaning paste or gel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tooth","meaning":"tooth","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"paste","meaning":"soft, spreadable substance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pasta","meaning":"dough, paste","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toothbrush","toothpowder","toothgel","dentifrice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dentifrice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dental cream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tooth gel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"89194aa7-3f6c-451b-b58c-c30f54312c36","word":"top","definition":"The highest point or surface of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"topp","root_meaning":"tuft, crest, summit","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*tup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"top","meaning":"highest point","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"top","meaning":"tuft, crest","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"topp","meaning":"tuft, crest, summit","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["topper","topmost","atop","toupee","topology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"summit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apex","formality":"formal"},{"word":"crown","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"f2ee0b59-b0fa-4f04-b8d2-9dd98ca547ac","word":"topic","definition":"A subject of discussion or a matter of interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tópico","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek topos","root_meaning":"place, locality","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"topic","meaning":"subject of discussion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"topica","meaning":"matters of general interest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"topikos","meaning":"relating to places or commonplaces","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"topos","meaning":"place, locality","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["topical","topically","topicality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subject","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"theme","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"59492d19-9a53-4460-81ed-db1b5eb1b876","word":"topics","definition":"Plural of topic; subjects or themes of discussion or interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tópico","language_family":"greek","root":"topika","root_meaning":"matters relating to place","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*topo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"topics","meaning":"subjects of discussion","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"topic","meaning":"subject of discourse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"topica","meaning":"matters relating to place","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"topika","meaning":"of or for a place","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["topic","topical","topography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"subjects","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"themes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"issues","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"25f0ac0c-4cc7-4c7e-aa08-d64184c2e28c","word":"topless","definition":"Lacking a covering on the upper part of the body or the top.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"topp","root_meaning":"summit, tuft, top","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"topless","meaning":"without a top or upper covering","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"top","meaning":"uppermost part; summit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"topp","meaning":"summit, tuft, top","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-less","meaning":"without","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["top","topmost","tops","topper","toplessness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shirtless","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bare-chested","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncovered","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"6e65f2f4-d8ff-4a56-acf6-7fae2b1bd22e","word":"torch","definition":"A portable light source, typically consisting of a stick with combustible material at one end.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"antorcha","language_family":"latin","root":"torquere","root_meaning":"to twist","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terkʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"torch","meaning":"portable light","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"torche","meaning":"twist of tow for lighting","children":[{"era":"pre-800","word":"*torca","meaning":"twisted thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"torquere","meaning":"to twist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["torque","distort","retort","tortuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flame","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brand","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"flare","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"87391961-65ff-4098-a510-a130eba235ae","word":"torment","definition":"Severe physical or mental suffering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tormento","language_family":"french","root":"tormentum","root_meaning":"a torture machine, instrument for twisting","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"torment","meaning":"suffering","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"torment","meaning":"torture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tormentum","meaning":"torture machine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"torquere","meaning":"to twist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["torture","agony","distress","pain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"dba9101a-e58f-4890-bde0-f312c48f0f67","word":"tornado","definition":"A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tornado","language_family":"latin","root":"tornare","root_meaning":"to turn or twist","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tornado","meaning":"a violently rotating storm column","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"tornado","meaning":"turned, twisted; storm term","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tornar","meaning":"to turn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tornare","meaning":"to turn on a lathe, fashion by turning","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turn","turned","turning","torn","tornadoes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twister","formality":"informal"},{"word":"whirlwind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cyclone","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"213e743f-13da-4682-af1b-6caacc23172e","word":"toronto","definition":"A city and provincial capital of Ontario, Canada.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Toroa or Tkaronto","root_meaning":"place where trees stand in water; meeting place","root_language":"Iroquoian (Huron-Wendat)","root_era":"pre-1600","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Toronto","meaning":"city in Ontario, Canada","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Toronto","meaning":"place name for settlement","children":[{"era":"pre-1600","word":"Tkaronto","meaning":"place where trees stand in water","children":[],"language":"Huron-Wendat"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Torontonian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Toronto","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"f34284ec-003b-4636-a29c-24db4ce735ec","word":"torso","definition":"A torso is the trunk of the human body, excluding the head, arms, and legs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"torso","language_family":"latin","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"torso","meaning":"the trunk of the human body","children":[{"era":"Renaissance","word":"torso","meaning":"tree stump; trunk of the body","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["torsoes","torsos","torsoed","torso-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trunk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midsection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"body trunk","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"540c1b67-a778-4d55-b3dd-989cc48b5567","word":"tortoise","definition":"A slow-moving land-dwelling turtle with a high domed shell.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tortuga","language_family":"latin","root":"tortus","root_meaning":"twisted","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tortoise","meaning":"a slow land-dwelling turtle","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"Middle English tortuse / tortuce / tortuge","meaning":"tortoise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Medieval Latin tortuca","meaning":"tortoise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin tortus","meaning":"twisted","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tortuous","contort","distort","retort","tort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"turtle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"land turtle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chelonian","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"6d464db4-238f-4255-a3d0-1b04bf12a02f","word":"torture","definition":"The action or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tortura","language_family":"latin","root":"tortura","root_meaning":"a twisting, wrenching","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terkʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"torture","meaning":"Inflicting severe pain","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"torture","meaning":"torture, torment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tortura","meaning":"a twisting, wrenching","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"torquere","meaning":"to twist","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["torment","distort","retort","contort","extort"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agony","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anguish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:14:34.059Z"}
{"id":"2a88e23e-63aa-47e7-8b93-e21a16b4d405","word":"torus","definition":"A torus is a ring-shaped surface or a rounded molding with a circular cross-section.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"torus","root_meaning":"cushion; swelling; rounded bulge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"torus","meaning":"a ring-shaped surface or rounded molding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"torus","meaning":"cushion; swelling; rounded molding","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toroid","toroidal","torose","toric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annulus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doughnut","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"f6e14f78-59f9-4cf3-a9a6-b2aeb080ce5e","word":"toss","definition":"To throw (something) lightly or carelessly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"tōsk-","root_meaning":"to throw, fling","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toss","meaning":"to throw lightly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"toss","meaning":"to throw, pull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tōsk-","meaning":"to throw, fling","children":[],"language":"Old Norse (hypothesized)"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toss-up","uptoss","jettison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"throw","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hurl","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"67f4ce83-1b94-44e1-870b-ad0c4c2d7749","word":"total","definition":"The complete sum or amount; comprising the whole.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"total","language_family":"latin","root":"totālis","root_meaning":"of or relating to the whole","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tat- (whole, all)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"total","meaning":"complete sum or amount","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"total","meaning":"the whole amount","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"totālis","meaning":"relating to the whole, entire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["totality","totally","tally","atoll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complete","formality":"formal"},{"word":"whole","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aggregate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"cb9cf22c-f481-4b6f-8726-4e36108ee6f9","word":"totally","definition":"Completely or entirely; used as an intensifier to affirm or emphasize.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"totalmente","language_family":"latin","root":"totalis","root_meaning":"whole, entire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"totally","meaning":"completely, entirely (also informal intensifier)","children":[{"era":"1300s–1400s","word":"total","meaning":"whole, entire","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"totalis","meaning":"of the whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"totus","meaning":"whole, all, entire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English / Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["total","totality","totalize","totalitarian","totally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"completely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entirely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"utterly","formality":"literary"},{"word":"absolutely","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"cc0dd8dd-28b8-46cc-aed6-118a0f730ad1","word":"touch","definition":"To come into physical contact with something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"toucher","root_meaning":"to strike, touch","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"touch","meaning":"to make contact","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"touch","meaning":"to touch, strike","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"toucher","meaning":"to touch, strike","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["touched","touching","toucher","touchstone","untouched"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contact","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feel","formality":"informal"},{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"f857c323-5b66-4bb7-9b89-a677befec042","word":"tough","definition":"Strong enough to withstand strain, stress, or adverse conditions; resilient.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tōh","root_meaning":"tough, tenacious","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tankaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tough","meaning":"strong, resilient","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tōh","meaning":"tough, tenacious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*tankaz","meaning":"tough","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tight","tug","tow","tenacious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resilient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"durable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sturdy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"419d0700-833c-4a6d-9f22-4093025ebe77","word":"tour","definition":"A journey for pleasure in which several places of interest are visited.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tour","language_family":"french","root":"Old French tour","root_meaning":"a turn, circuit, circular movement","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*tornus (turned, round)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Tour","meaning":"journey of places","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tour","meaning":"turn, circular journey","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tornus","meaning":"turned, rounded","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tourism","tourist","touring","turnaround"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excursion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"circuit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"e59eab4d-fcd9-454d-bd78-04064c31d4c1","word":"tourism","definition":"The business of attracting and providing for tourists traveling for leisure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"turismo","language_family":"french","root":"tour","root_meaning":"a turn, journey","root_language":"French","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"tourism","meaning":"travel for leisure as industry","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"tourist","meaning":"one who tours","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"tour","meaning":"a journey in a circuit","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"tour","meaning":"a turn, journey","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tourist","tour","touristic","eco-tourism","agritourism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"travel industry","formality":"formal"},{"word":"holidaymaking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sightseeing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.705Z"}
{"id":"f5a20126-b74e-42ce-a02c-5238f282b08b","word":"tourist","definition":"A person who travels for pleasure or culture, often visiting a series of sights.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"turista","language_family":"french","root":"torn","root_meaning":"turn, circuit","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tourist","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"touriste","meaning":"tourist","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tour","meaning":"turn, circuit","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"tornare","meaning":"to turn on a lathe, turn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tornus","meaning":"a turning-lathe","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"tornos","meaning":"lathe, carpenter's compass","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tour","turn","journey","return"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traveler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sightseer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visitor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holidaymaker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"694239e3-923f-4b64-9a26-dd2a9c1457ad","word":"tournament","definition":"A series of contests between a number of competitors, competing for an overall prize.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"torneo","language_family":"french","root":"tornier","root_meaning":"to turn, joust","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"12th C.","proto_root":"*terh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tournament","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th C.","word":"torneiement","meaning":"jousting, tourney","children":[{"era":"12th C.","word":"tornier","meaning":"to turn, joust","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turn","attorney","detour","return"],"synonyms":[{"word":"competition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"championship","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"920b1ea2-00ca-45a6-88b0-b58047165ffb","word":"tours","definition":"Plural of tour; journeys for sightseeing or a round trip visiting multiple places.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tours","language_family":"french","root":"tour","root_meaning":"a turn, a circular journey","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*tornare","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tours","meaning":"journeys or rounds","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"tour","meaning":"a circular journey","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tour","meaning":"a turn, rotation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tornare","meaning":"to turn, rotate","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tour","touring","tourist","tournament","detour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journeys","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excursions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trips","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expeditions","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.570Z"}
{"id":"979536c3-f894-40ec-a8b2-f6e02eee5f90","word":"tow","definition":"To pull a vehicle or boat along with a rope or chain.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"togian","root_meaning":"to pull, drag","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*duh₂k-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tow","meaning":"to pull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"togian","meaning":"to pull, drag","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*duh₂k-","meaning":"to pull, lead","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tug","team","duke","duct"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haul","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"1b7862a7-8bc3-4718-997a-cac66b9cef6f","word":"toward","definition":"In the direction of; moving or proceeding in the direction of something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"to","root_meaning":"in the direction of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*da-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toward","meaning":"in the direction of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"toward","meaning":"in the direction of, turning to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"to","meaning":"to, in the direction of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["towards","to","toward-looking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"towards","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in the direction of","formality":"formal"},{"word":"facing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"9da4ad37-f995-4e3b-84f7-ebc6a235c48e","word":"towards","definition":"In the direction of or moving in the direction of a place or person.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"toward","root_meaning":"in the direction of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"towards","meaning":"in the direction of","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"toward","meaning":"in the direction of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"toward","meaning":"in the direction of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toward","towards"],"synonyms":[{"word":"to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in the direction of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"for","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.205Z"}
{"id":"81aab571-c17c-4935-83e3-215307d140c0","word":"towel","definition":"A piece of absorbent fabric used for drying or wiping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"toalla","language_family":"french","root":"touaille","root_meaning":"cloth, towel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*dʰweh₂gʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"towel","meaning":"A piece of absorbent fabric used for drying or wiping.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"touaille","meaning":"cloth, towel","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*þwahlijan","meaning":"to wash","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toilet","toil","toweling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cloth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rag","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"napkin","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"459e38db-5454-465f-9932-4d20dc14387f","word":"tower","definition":"A tall, narrow building or structure, especially one that forms part of a castle, church, or other large building.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"torre","language_family":"latin","root":"turris","root_meaning":"tower, citadel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tower","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tour","meaning":"tower","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"turris","meaning":"tower, citadel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turret","fortress","steeple","castle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minaret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belfry","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"69e61902-d85d-4f8a-990f-ec7dae0284d9","word":"town","definition":"A built-up area with a name, defined boundaries, and local government, larger than a village but smaller than a city.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English tun","root_meaning":"enclosure, homestead, dwelling","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tunaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"town","meaning":"urban settlement with government","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tun","meaning":"enclosure, homestead","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *tunaz","meaning":"enclosed settlement","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["downtown","townhouse","township","townie"],"synonyms":[{"word":"city","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"municipality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"borough","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"766127a9-5297-4ea5-b3ca-5d5e133c40a0","word":"township","definition":"A division of a county, with some powers of local government.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tūnscipe","root_meaning":"district, community","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰuHn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"township","meaning":"administrative division","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tūnscipe","meaning":"district, community","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tūn","meaning":"enclosure, farm, village","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-scipe","meaning":"state, condition, quality","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["town","city","village","county","district","citizenship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"municipality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"parish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"d6a58651-6601-42b9-a1fd-b224ec1238b0","word":"toxic","definition":"Poisonous; very harmful or unpleasant.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tóxico","language_family":"greek","root":"toxikon","root_meaning":"poison for arrows","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"toxikón (τοξικόν)","meaning":"Poison for smearing on arrows. From toxon (bow, arrow).","children":[{"era":"1660s","word":"toxic","meaning":"Poisonous, harmful.","language":"English"},{"era":"1700s","word":"tóxico","meaning":"Toxic.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["toxicity","toxin","detoxify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poisonous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"venomous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"noxious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"3179b936-c368-4701-93d4-2928f414ac5a","word":"toxin","definition":"A poisonous substance produced by a living organism, especially a bacterium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"toxina","language_family":"greek","root":"toxikon","root_meaning":"arrow poison","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toxin","meaning":"a poisonous substance produced by a living organism","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"toxikon","meaning":"arrow poison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"toxon","meaning":"bow","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toxic","toxoid","antitoxin","intoxicate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"venom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toxicant","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"204bae92-2599-4878-bd2e-40f3fa587a3b","word":"toy","definition":"A plaything, typically for children, made for entertainment or amusement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"toy","root_meaning":"plaything","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toy","meaning":"plaything","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"toy","meaning":"plaything, trifle","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"tuig","meaning":"tools, gear","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toys","toymaker","toyshop","plaything","doll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plaything","formality":"formal"},{"word":"game","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trinket","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.663Z"}
{"id":"733634c4-437a-43d6-ba4a-a3a7d38bf28b","word":"toys","definition":"Objects designed for children to play with, or things treated as playthings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"toy","root_meaning":"plaything","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"toys","meaning":"playthings","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"toy","meaning":"plaything","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"toy","meaning":"plaything","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["toy","toymaker","toyshop","trifle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"playthings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"games","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amusements","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"5e2f4837-1be9-4371-bb12-2cfeae6ffd8e","word":"trace","definition":"Find or discover by investigation.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"trazar","language_family":"latin","root":"tractiare","root_meaning":"to draw, to follow","root_language":"Vulgar Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trace","meaning":"to follow or track","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trace","meaning":"to draw, to follow","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tracier","meaning":"to follow, track, draw","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"tractiare","meaning":"to draw, to follow","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to pull, draw","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["track","trail","traction","tractor","extract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"follow","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"1b981ad6-3855-4094-ae0f-dca21c269577","word":"track","definition":"A path, trail, or series of marks left behind; or to follow or monitor something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"tracce","root_meaning":"trace, track","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"track","meaning":"path or to follow","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"track","meaning":"path, trail, trace","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tracce","meaning":"trace","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tracker","tracking","trace","tract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"follow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"5ec3314d-f7fc-449d-9485-2071eb13f9da","word":"trackback","definition":"A method of linking between blogs or websites by sending a notification when one site references another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"track + back","root_meaning":"to follow a path; to return","root_language":"English","root_era":"2000s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"2000s","word":"trackback","meaning":"blog linking notification system","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"track","meaning":"to follow or trace a path","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"back","meaning":"rear or return","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["track","back","trackbacks","tracking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pingback","formality":"technical"},{"word":"backlink","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.886Z"}
{"id":"cfa5d640-b9e9-40ac-8548-77b187473d6b","word":"tracking","definition":"The act of following, monitoring, or keeping a record of the movement or progress of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trackan","root_meaning":"to follow or trace a path","root_language":"Middle English/Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tracking","meaning":"following or monitoring movement","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"tracking","meaning":"act of following a trail or path","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"track","meaning":"a path or route","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tracken","meaning":"to tread or trace","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["track","tracker","tracked","tracking device"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monitoring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"following","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surveillance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tracing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"3b28661b-7770-497f-949d-68cea81638c8","word":"tract","definition":"An area of land or water; a system of organs or tissues in the body.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tracto","language_family":"latin","root":"tractus","root_meaning":"a drawing out, course, track","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dragʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tract","meaning":"An area of land or water","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tractus","meaning":"a drawing out, course, track","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["traction","tractor","extract","contract","distract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"region","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expanse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"fc857f0c-608e-41e2-8d68-3b5f66212c68","word":"traction","definition":"The act or effect of pulling, or the gripping force that prevents slipping.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tracción","language_family":"latin","root":"trahere","root_meaning":"to pull, draw","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"traction","meaning":"the act or effect of pulling, or the gripping force that prevents slipping","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin tractio","meaning":"a drawing or pulling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin trahere","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tract","tractor","attract","retract","detract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purchase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adhesion","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"fae51591-bfac-4d1c-afa7-d2788aac649e","word":"tractor","definition":"A powerful motor vehicle with large rear wheels, used for pulling farm machinery.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tractor","language_family":"latin","root":"trahere","root_meaning":"to pull, to draw","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*tragʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tractor","meaning":"vehicle for pulling machinery","children":[{"era":"late 19th century","word":"tractor (coined)","meaning":"something that pulls","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"tractus","meaning":"a drawing, pulling (past participle of trahere)","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to pull, draw","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*tragʰ-","meaning":"to draw, drag","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["traction","tract","extract","retract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"farm vehicle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agricultural machine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"puller","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"7be865fb-79f6-488e-9c0d-186bfc36e697","word":"trade","definition":"The exchange of goods and services between people, regions, or countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trade","language_family":"germanic","root":"trade","root_meaning":"track, path","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1300-1500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trade","meaning":"exchange of goods","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"trade","meaning":"business, commerce","children":[{"era":"1300-1500","word":"trade","meaning":"track, path of business","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"treden","meaning":"to tread, go","children":[],"language":"Old Saxon"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trader","trading","traded","tradesman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commerce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exchange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"barter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.489Z"}
{"id":"a48d65e6-e232-4b0e-9849-4aa082297ec2","word":"trademark","definition":"A distinctive symbol, word, or design officially registered for exclusive use by a business or product.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"marca registrada","language_family":"germanic","root":"mark","root_meaning":"sign or symbol","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*markaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trademark","meaning":"official registered mark or brand","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"trade mark","meaning":"identifying mark of a merchant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"mark","meaning":"sign, impression, boundary","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mark","marked","marking","trademark"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"logo","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"symbol","formality":"formal"},{"word":"emblem","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.782Z"}
{"id":"26e91ad4-210b-41bb-88ad-06b999c61330","word":"trademarks","definition":"Plural noun referring to legally protected symbols, words, or designs identifying a business or product.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trade","root_meaning":"path, track, business exchange","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trademarks","meaning":"legally protected identifying symbols","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"trademark","meaning":"distinctive mark of a trade","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"trade","meaning":"business, commerce","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trade","meaning":"track, path, course","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trademark","trade","trading","trademarked"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brands","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"logos","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marks","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.252Z"}
{"id":"26454af9-5301-4ca6-949e-ffbc087e50bb","word":"trader","definition":"A person who buys and sells goods, services, or financial instruments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tredan","root_meaning":"to tread, step, walk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dret-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trader","meaning":"one who trades","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"trade","meaning":"path, course of action, occupation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tredan","meaning":"to tread, step, walk","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trade","tread","tradition","betrayal","retread"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merchant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dealer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broker","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"8e54b314-43cc-4a35-97ef-82b75ff6bf4b","word":"trading","definition":"The exchange of goods and services, or engaging in commercial buying and selling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"comercio","language_family":"germanic","root":"trade","root_meaning":"to tread a path, track","root_language":"Old English/Middle Low German","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trading","meaning":"commercial exchange","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"trade","meaning":"path, track, then commerce","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"trade","meaning":"track, course","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trade","trader","traded","tradesman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commerce","formality":"formal"},{"word":"buying and selling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"6dc35e42-d1a5-4292-a9bb-4e26d4449247","word":"tradition","definition":"The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tradición","language_family":"latin","root":"traditio","root_meaning":"a delivering, surrender, tradition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tradition","meaning":"inherited custom or belief","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tradicion","meaning":"transmission, delivery","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"traditio","meaning":"a delivering, surrender, tradition","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tradere","meaning":"to hand over, deliver","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["betray","traitor","trade","edit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"custom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ritual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"heritage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"a579a85f-e59c-4fd2-90c3-0b2b368d19f4","word":"traditional","definition":"Established by long-standing custom or practice; passed down through generations.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tradicional","language_family":"latin","root":"traditio","root_meaning":"handing over, tradition","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*dere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"traditional","meaning":"established by long-standing custom","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"traditional","meaning":"customary, passed down","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tradition","meaning":"doctrine, custom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"traditio","meaning":"handing over, tradition","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tradition","traditionally","traditionalist","traditor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"customary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conventional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"time-honored","formality":"formal"},{"word":"orthodox","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.389Z"}
{"id":"3539949d-44f3-46a5-8b49-cbc7e8c00ab0","word":"traffic","definition":"Vehicles or pedestrians moving along roads or routes; the movement of goods, services, or data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tráfico","language_family":"french","root":"traficare","root_meaning":"to trade, deal in goods","root_language":"Italian/Old French","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"traffic","meaning":"movement of vehicles or goods","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"traffic","meaning":"trade, commerce","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"traffique","meaning":"trade, dealing","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"traficare","meaning":"to trade","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trafficker","trafficking","trafficked","traffic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"congestion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"movement","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"db12d780-9f69-454f-b08b-07046d11a77b","word":"tragedy","definition":"A serious dramatic work with an unhappy ending; a disastrous event.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tragedia","language_family":"greek","root":"tragōidia","root_meaning":"goat song","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"tragōidía (τραγῳδία)","meaning":"A goat song, a serious drama. From tragos (goat) + ōidē (song), possibly from goat sacrifices at Dionysian festivals.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tragedy","meaning":"A drama ending in catastrophe.","language":"English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"tragedia","meaning":"Tragedy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["tragic","tragicomedy","tragedian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disaster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calamity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"catastrophe","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0235c00f-8569-45e8-b1c6-b0cacd36e44a","word":"tragic","definition":"Causing or characterized by extreme distress or sorrow.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"trágico","language_family":"greek","root":"tragikos","root_meaning":"pertaining to tragedy","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tragic","meaning":"causing sorrow","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tragique","meaning":"tragic","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tragicus","meaning":"tragic","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"tragikos","meaning":"pertaining to tragedy","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"tragoidia","meaning":"tragedy, goat song","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tragedy","tragical","tragically","tragicomedy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mournful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sorrowful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distressing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disastrous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"4fd322e8-d095-49e2-b460-f9fbb12a84d8","word":"trail","definition":"A path or track formed across a wild or open area.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"null","language_family":"french","root":"trailler","root_meaning":"to tow, drag","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":"null","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trail","meaning":"path, track","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"trayle","meaning":"track, path","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"trailler","meaning":"to tow, drag","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"*tragulare","meaning":"to drag","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tragula","meaning":"dragnet, javelin","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["draw","drag","train","trailer","entrail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"track","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"route","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"cc34b26f-ee52-42bc-8a67-d1a97fbd4405","word":"train","definition":"A connected series of railroad cars pulled by a locomotive; to teach or instruct.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tren","language_family":"french","root":"trahere","root_meaning":"to draw or pull","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"train","meaning":"connected cars or to instruct","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"train","meaning":"trailing part of gown or procession","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"traîne","meaning":"trailing part","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trainer","training","trained","trait"],"synonyms":[{"word":"railroad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locomotive","formality":"technical"},{"word":"instruct","formality":"formal"},{"word":"teach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"e3dadce2-ff5c-4ef1-8316-00685993d9e4","word":"trainer","definition":"A person who teaches or coaches people or animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"traîner","root_meaning":"to drag, to pull","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*trag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trainer","meaning":"one who trains","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"train","meaning":"to educate, to discipline","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trainer","meaning":"to drag, to pull","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*traginare","meaning":"to drag (from Latin trahere 'to draw, drag')","children":[],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["train","training","track","trail","tractor","traction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instructor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"bb31713d-c6e2-4f08-9bdb-fb3d5b55d481","word":"training","definition":"The process of teaching or developing skills and knowledge through instruction and practice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"train","root_meaning":"to draw or pull","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"training","meaning":"instruction and skill development","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"train","meaning":"to pull, drag, or educate","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"trainer","meaning":"to draw or pull","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["train","trainer","trains","trainee","trained"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instruction","formality":"formal"},{"word":"teaching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coaching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preparation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.515Z"}
{"id":"599a25b8-45e2-4092-b5fe-3d00b05879a9","word":"trait","definition":"A distinguishing characteristic, habit, or quality of a person, animal, or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"tractus","root_meaning":"a drawing, a pulling","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trait","meaning":"a distinguishing characteristic","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trait","meaning":"line; feature","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tractus","meaning":"a drawing, a pulling; a drawn line","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to draw, pull","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tract","trace","traction","extract","detract"],"synonyms":[{"word":"characteristic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attribute","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feature","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"f0abf6ac-5eab-4c88-b16c-e1eb8f08c6a6","word":"traitor","definition":"A person who betrays a friend, country, or principle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"traidor","language_family":"latin","root":"traditor","root_meaning":"betrayer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treh₂d-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"traitor","meaning":"person who betrays","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"traitour","meaning":"betrayer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"traditor","meaning":"betrayer, deliverer","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*treh₂d-","meaning":"to hand over, transmit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treason","tradition","betrayer","traitress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"betrayer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"turncoat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"deserter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"cfa9867c-b32f-4fff-9a6b-00bdf3bdf521","word":"trajectory","definition":"The curved path followed by a moving object or the course of its motion over time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trayectoria","language_family":"latin","root":"traiectus","root_meaning":"a crossing over; thrown across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trajectory","meaning":"path of motion","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"trajectoire","meaning":"trajectory, path of a body in motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"traiectus","meaning":"a crossing over; passage","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trajectory","traject","transit","projectile","course"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"course","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"route","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arc","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"2c6b368b-dcda-46f3-936b-841034a7fd3d","word":"tram","definition":"A rail vehicle that runs on a tramway, originally a mine wagon or barrow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Middle Flemish tram","root_meaning":"beam, handle of a barrow, bar, rung","root_language":"Middle Flemish","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tram","meaning":"a rail vehicle that runs on a tramway, originally a mine wagon or barrow","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tram","meaning":"beam, handle of a barrow, bar, rung","children":[],"language":"Middle Flemish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tramway","tram-car","tramline","tramcar","tramwayman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"streetcar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trolley","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"light rail car","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"fc2dab45-3e5b-4681-842b-3e57660fd146","word":"tramadol","definition":"A synthetic opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tramadol","language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tramadol","meaning":"A synthetic opioid analgesic","children":[{"era":"1970s","word":"Tramadol (coinage)","meaning":"likely coined by Grünenthal GmbH","children":[],"language":"German (brand name)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["analgesic","opioid","paracetamol","codeine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"painkiller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opiate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"analgesic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"narcotic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"09030071-93b1-4422-8166-70cc10cb30a1","word":"tramp","definition":"A person who travels on foot from place to place, especially a vagrant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trempan","root_meaning":"to step, to tread heavily","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tremp-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tramp","meaning":"a person who walks long distances","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trampen","meaning":"to walk, to tramp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*trempan","meaning":"to tread","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trample","tramper","trampling","trampish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vagrant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wanderer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hobo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"drifter","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"2e155f86-dda1-4545-a4f1-7eaefa1fafd5","word":"trample","definition":"To trample is to tread heavily on something or someone, often causing damage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tramplen","root_meaning":"to walk heavily; stamp","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"late 1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trample","meaning":"to tread heavily on something","children":[{"era":"late 1300s","word":"tramplen / trampelen","meaning":"to walk heavily","children":[{"era":"late 1300s","word":"tramp","meaning":"to tread heavily; stamp","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tramp","trampled","trampling","trampler","trampel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stamp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stomp","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"da21ec64-a070-4f66-9d4a-781316f4690d","word":"trans","definition":"A prefix meaning across, beyond, or through, or an adjective referring to transgender people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"trans-","language_family":"latin","root":"trans","root_meaning":"across, beyond, through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trans","meaning":"across, beyond, through","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans","meaning":"across, beyond, through","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transport","translate","transaction","transgender"],"synonyms":[{"word":"across","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"through","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beyond","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"0f76f812-8b4c-4618-a5c2-335085deba86","word":"transaction","definition":"An instance of buying or selling something; a business deal; an exchange.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transacción","language_family":"latin","root":"transigere","root_meaning":"to drive through, accomplish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transaction","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"5th century","word":"transaction","meaning":"a carrying through","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transigere","meaning":"to drive through, accomplish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across, through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"agere","meaning":"to drive, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transact","agent","act","agenda","agile","action"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"business","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exchange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"negotiation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"7d49f57a-b2dd-4b03-82a7-292fa3f41b95","word":"transcript","definition":"A written or printed version of material originally presented in another medium.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transcripción","language_family":"latin","root":"scribere","root_meaning":"to write","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skreybʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transcript","meaning":"written version of material","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"transscriptum","meaning":"a copy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transcribere","meaning":"to copy over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scribere","meaning":"to write","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transcribe","transcription","script","scripture","describe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"record","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"document","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"180a5bcb-14ff-4813-942d-ef5d754b6c8f","word":"transcription","definition":"The act or process of transcribing, or a written or recorded copy of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transcripción","language_family":"latin","root":"transcriptio","root_meaning":"a copy, a transfer in writing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treh₂ns (across) + *skribh- (to cut, to scratch, to write)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transcription","meaning":"written copy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"transcription","meaning":"copy","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"transcriptio","meaning":"a copy, a transfer in writing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transcribere","meaning":"to copy, to write over","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scribere","meaning":"to write","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transcribe","script","subscribe","describe","postscript"],"synonyms":[{"word":"copy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rendering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"version","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"95c9708b-b0e0-4d60-a211-89b5a8f0ed29","word":"transexual","definition":"A person who identifies with a gender different from the one they were assigned at birth, or a related medical process.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"transexual","language_family":"latin","root":"trans-","root_meaning":"across, beyond","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transexual","meaning":"Relating to or being a person whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"transsexual","meaning":"across sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"current","word":"sexual","meaning":"relating to sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sexus","meaning":"sex, gender","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English (coined)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transgender","sexuality","sexual","transcribe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gender-affirming","formality":"technical"},{"word":"trans*","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"907ec9ca-ee0b-4877-ab08-dd348ef715a7","word":"transfer","definition":"To move or convey something or someone from one place, person, or position to another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"transferir","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin transferre","root_meaning":"to carry across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*fer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transfer","meaning":"to move from one place to another","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"transfer","meaning":"to carry across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transferre","meaning":"to carry across, transport","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*fer-","meaning":"to carry, bear, move","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transfer","transferable","transferred","transference"],"synonyms":[{"word":"move","formality":"informal"},{"word":"convey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shift","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.613Z"}
{"id":"890b8d60-0e08-4b82-bb1c-1955df38662c","word":"transform","definition":"To change completely the appearance or character of something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"transformar","language_family":"latin","root":"transformare","root_meaning":"change in shape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transform","meaning":"change completely","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"transformer","meaning":"to transform","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transformare","meaning":"to change shape","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"form, shape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transformation","transformer","transfigure"],"synonyms":[{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"87d6fe43-cef6-4616-bf72-0ca18b580b99","word":"transformation","definition":"A marked change in form, nature, or appearance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transformación","language_family":"latin","root":"transformare","root_meaning":"to change form","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transformation","meaning":"a marked change","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transformare","meaning":"to change form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"form, shape","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transform","formation","reform","translate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metamorphosis","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alteration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conversion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:07:01.628Z"}
{"id":"5dcae6e0-d54b-4a00-be78-25e10bb65a22","word":"transit","definition":"The movement or transportation of goods or people from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tránsito","language_family":"latin","root":"transire","root_meaning":"to go across or through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transit","meaning":"passage from one place to another","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"transit","meaning":"passage, crossing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transitus","meaning":"a going across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transire","meaning":"to go through or across","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transient","transition","transmit","transport"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transportation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"7774416c-be45-491f-98b7-2a16e1ecf151","word":"transition","definition":"The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transición","language_family":"latin","root":"transire","root_meaning":"to go across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transition","meaning":"a change from one state to another","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transitiō","meaning":"a crossing over, a passage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transire","meaning":"to go across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ire","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transit","transitory","transient","transcend"],"synonyms":[{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shift","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transformation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"0fe7cf3c-6049-414f-9582-bc3dfec6a99a","word":"translate","definition":"To express the sense of words or text in another language.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"trasladar","language_family":"latin","root":"translatus","root_meaning":"carried across, transferred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"translate","meaning":"To express in another language.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"translatus","meaning":"carried across, transferred (past participle of transferre)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transferre","meaning":"to carry across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bher-","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["translation","transfer","prefer","refer","infer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"render","formality":"formal"},{"word":"interpret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convert","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"2c3c8d86-30a2-4a55-8d1b-6ae54f92792c","word":"translation","definition":"The conversion of written or spoken words from one language to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"traducción","language_family":"latin","root":"translatus","root_meaning":"carried across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*telh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"translation","meaning":"conversion between languages","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"translation","meaning":"act of translating","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"translatio","meaning":"carrying across, transfer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans- + latus","meaning":"across + carried","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["translate","translator","translatable","mistranslation","retranslation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rendering","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conversion","formality":"technical"},{"word":"version","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"interpretation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.745Z"}
{"id":"f25647da-a0c7-4948-8762-ed9ec06c2f57","word":"translator","definition":"A person who translates from one language into another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"traductor","language_family":"latin","root":"translatorem","root_meaning":"a translator","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"translator","meaning":"a person who translates","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"translatour","meaning":"one who translates","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"translator","meaning":"a translator (from translat-, past participle stem of transferre)","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"transferre","meaning":"to carry across, translate (trans- + ferre)","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"ferre","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["translate","translation","translatable","transliterate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interpreter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"linguist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"render","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"1d628822-21e1-425a-9da6-9a3d9411fb86","word":"transmission","definition":"The act or process of sending or conveying something from one person or place to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transmisión","language_family":"latin","root":"transmissio","root_meaning":"a sending across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":"*trans- *mittere","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transmission","meaning":"act of sending across","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"transmissionem","meaning":"a sending across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transmittere","meaning":"to send across","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transmit","transmitter","transmissible","remit","mission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transfer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broadcast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dispatch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:02:52.064Z"}
{"id":"4b3d2704-8007-410b-b487-de8263b2cf94","word":"transmit","definition":"To cause (something) to pass on from one person or place to another.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"transmitir","language_family":"latin","root":"transmittere","root_meaning":"to send across, transfer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*s-ter-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transmit","meaning":"to send across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transmittere","meaning":"to send across, transfer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["mission","remit","admit","commit","permit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"send","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"convey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transfer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:03:59.974Z"}
{"id":"0f20fe24-8b7c-42af-8c4c-e1664851f5f6","word":"transmitter","definition":"An apparatus for transmitting radio or television signals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transmisor","language_family":"latin","root":"transmittere","root_meaning":"to send across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*meit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transmitter","meaning":"device that transmits","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"transmitter","meaning":"that which transmits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transmit","meaning":"to send across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"mittere","meaning":"to send","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transmit","transmission","transmissive","emission","mission"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broadcaster","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emitter","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"bfe37199-2254-4fa2-95c3-f0efbd529874","word":"transparency","definition":"The condition of being transparent, allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transparencia","language_family":"latin","root":"transparentem","root_meaning":"shining through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transparency","meaning":"The condition of being transparent.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"transparency","meaning":"the quality of being transparent","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"transparent","meaning":"shining through","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"transparere","meaning":"to show through, be visible through","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"trans","meaning":"across, through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"Classical","word":"parere","meaning":"to appear, be visible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transparent","transpire","appear","apparent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clearness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lucidity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"diaphaneity","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"04e0c261-4a90-41c2-95c2-5100bf831ac5","word":"transparent","definition":"Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"transparente","language_family":"latin","root":"trans-parere","root_meaning":"to show through","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transparent","meaning":"Allowing light to pass through","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"transparent","meaning":"transparent","children":[{"era":"500s","word":"transparere","meaning":"to show through, be visible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans","meaning":"across, through","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"parere","meaning":"to appear, be visible","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["translucent","diaphanous","visibility","appearance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pellucid","formality":"literary"},{"word":"obvious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"c2eea848-e3fe-4ce2-bc37-cac020b8e558","word":"transplant","definition":"To move something from one place to another, especially a plant or an organ.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"trasplantar","language_family":"latin","root":"trans-, plantare","root_meaning":"across, to plant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terh₂-, *pelh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transplant","meaning":"move to another place","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"transplanter","meaning":"transplant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"plantare","meaning":"to plant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["plant","transportation","implanter","replant","plantation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relocate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transfer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"replant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graft","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"19ceaff3-3153-4f78-897f-ab07e49341a9","word":"transport","definition":"To carry or move something from one place to another; also refers to a system or means of conveyance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"transporte","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin transportare","root_meaning":"to carry across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trans + portare","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transport","meaning":"to carry across","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"transport","meaning":"to carry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transportare","meaning":"to carry across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans + portare","meaning":"across + to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transportation","transporter","portable","portage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"convey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"carry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"haul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shipment","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"8eef7b2b-82da-4f19-927c-70f450ae2e00","word":"transportation","definition":"The action or system of moving people, goods, or materials from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transportación","language_family":"latin","root":"transportare","root_meaning":"to carry across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*per- and *bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transportation","meaning":"system of conveying people or goods","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"transportation","meaning":"act of transporting","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transportare","meaning":"to carry across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans","meaning":"across","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transport","transported","transporting","transporter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conveyance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shipping","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hauling","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"69f70b3c-ea96-43b4-81c2-111ff32a6f3b","word":"transporter","definition":"A transporter is something or someone that carries people or things from one place to another.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"transportador","language_family":"latin","root":"transportare","root_meaning":"to carry across","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transporter","meaning":"a device or person that transports something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"transport","meaning":"to carry across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"transportare","meaning":"to carry across","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"portare","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transport","transportation","transportable","porter","portable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carrier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyor","formality":"technical"},{"word":"hauler","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"6f27b62a-44f5-43d8-b793-b0c7d259f8eb","word":"transsexual","definition":"Denoting or relating to people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"transexual","language_family":"latin","root":"trans + sexualis","root_meaning":"across, beyond + pertaining to sex","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"transsexual","meaning":"gender identity differing from assigned sex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1700s","word":"sexual","meaning":"pertaining to sex","children":[],"language":"Latin (derived)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transgender","sexuality","sexual","transition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transgender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gender-affirming","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:13:18.833Z"}
{"id":"39d8d6ab-8620-4375-825b-3dc7f462b0d8","word":"trap","definition":"A device or enclosure designed to catch and retain animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trampa","language_family":"germanic","root":"trappe","root_meaning":"snare, foot-trap","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*trep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trap","meaning":"device to catch animals","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trappe","meaning":"snare","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*trep-","meaning":"foot-trap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["entrap","trapper","foot-trap","trapdoor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"snare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pitfall","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ambush","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"2ba5d005-29b8-40f9-826e-9c65c0522666","word":"trash","definition":"Worthless or discarded material; rubbish or refuse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"trask","root_meaning":"something broken or discarded","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trash","meaning":"worthless material","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"trasch","meaning":"broken fragments, refuse","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trask","meaning":"rubbish, broken pieces","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rubbish","garbage","refuse","debris","waste"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garbage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"junk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"5ce87882-7330-4488-bae4-28a174ee43c4","word":"trauma","definition":"A deeply distressing experience, or a physical wound or injury.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trauma","language_family":"greek","root":"trauma","root_meaning":"a wound","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"traûma (τραῦμα)","meaning":"A wound, a hurt. From titrōskein (to wound, pierce).","children":[{"era":"1690s","word":"trauma","meaning":"A wound or distressing experience.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"trauma","meaning":"Trauma.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["traumatic","traumatize","post-traumatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"injury","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wound","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"8d73714b-fb4d-40b9-98cb-36c34fea482c","word":"traumatic","definition":"Traumatic means caused by or relating to physical injury or severe psychological shock.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"traumático","language_family":"greek","root":"τραῦμα","root_meaning":"wound","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"traumatic","meaning":"Caused by or relating to physical injury or severe psychological shock.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"traumaticus","meaning":"wounding; pertaining to wounds","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"τραυματικός","meaning":"pertaining to a wound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"τραῦμα","meaning":"wound","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trauma","traumatize","traumatism","traumatology","posttraumatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wounding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"injurious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distressing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"7e261bd0-8f4a-4de0-8877-088185d60641","word":"traumatize","definition":"To inflict lasting psychological or physical damage on someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"traumatizar","language_family":"greek","root":"trauma","root_meaning":"wound, hurt","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tere-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"traumatize","meaning":"to cause psychological or physical trauma","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"traumatize","meaning":"formed by adding -ize to trauma","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trauma","meaning":"wound, hurt","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*tere-","meaning":"to rub, turn, bore through","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"19th-century English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trauma","traumatic","traumatism","traumatology","post-traumatic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distress","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shock","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"333c4bba-cf6a-4d6b-a19c-02159248f5b0","word":"travel","definition":"To go from one place to another, especially over a distance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"trabajo","language_family":"french","root":"travail","root_meaning":"work, toil, suffering","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"travel","meaning":"to go from place to place","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"travaille","meaning":"to work hard, to journey","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"travail","meaning":"work, toil, hardship","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["traveler","traveling","traveled","travail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"trip","formality":"informal"},{"word":"voyage","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.366Z"}
{"id":"4c3c06cb-78d4-4574-8c2d-4834ac795f92","word":"travesti","definition":"A person, especially a male, who dresses in clothes of the opposite sex; a transvestite.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"travestí","language_family":"latin","root":"travestir","root_meaning":"to disguise","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"travesti","meaning":"A person, especially a male, who dresses in clothes of the opposite sex; a transvestite.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"travesti","meaning":"disguised, cross-dressed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"travestir","meaning":"to disguise, to dress up","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans- + vestire","meaning":"across + to dress","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["transvestite","vest","vestment","travesty","traverse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transvestite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cross-dresser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drag queen","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:17:48.371Z"}
{"id":"e9fcec9d-d61a-4937-8154-ee78e0b5921a","word":"tray","definition":"A flat, shallow container with a raised rim, used for carrying or serving articles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"treg","root_meaning":"wooden board, tree","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deru-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tray","meaning":"flat serving container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"treg","meaning":"wooden board","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tree","trough","dray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"platter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salver","formality":"formal"},{"word":"holder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"82c38b30-1938-446b-8812-d8303b935585","word":"treachery","definition":"Treachery is the deliberate act of betrayal or deceit, especially of a trust or allegiance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"trechier","root_meaning":"to cheat or deceive","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"treachery","meaning":"deliberate betrayal or deceit.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trecherie","meaning":"deceit or trickery.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trechier","meaning":"to cheat or deceive.","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treacherous","treacherously","treacherousness","treason","traitor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"betrayal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perfidy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deceit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"404dc751-efc1-48d7-b97f-cee3f0718866","word":"tread","definition":"To set one's foot down or to walk on, over, or along something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tredan","root_meaning":"to step, trample","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*tred-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tread","meaning":"to step or walk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tredan","meaning":"to step, trample","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*tredanan","meaning":"to walk, step","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["foot","track","trade","trample"],"synonyms":[{"word":"walk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"step","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stomp","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"21eb055d-d265-4b2a-9ffd-8df292bdf661","word":"treasure","definition":"A quantity of precious metals, gems, or other valuable objects.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tesoro","language_family":"greek","root":"thēsaurós","root_meaning":"store, treasure, treasury","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"treasure","meaning":"A quantity of precious metals, gems, or other valuable objects.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tresor","meaning":"treasure, treasury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thēsaurus","meaning":"treasury, storehouse","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"thēsaurós","meaning":"store, treasure","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treasury","thesaurus","hoard","enrichment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"riches","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wealth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hoard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:06:18.508Z"}
{"id":"423653bc-669e-4b45-b964-f2ec40c934a9","word":"treasurer","definition":"A person appointed to manage the financial assets and liabilities of an organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tesorero","language_family":"greek","root":"thēsauros","root_meaning":"store, treasure, treasury","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"treasurer","meaning":"financial manager","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tresorier","meaning":"guardian of the treasury","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"tresor","meaning":"treasure, treasury","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thesaurus","meaning":"treasury, storehouse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thēsauros","meaning":"store, treasure, treasury","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treasure","treasury","thesaurus","treasure trove"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bursar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comptroller","formality":"formal"},{"word":"financier","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"fd56375f-2be2-43db-ac97-324a3359ff48","word":"treasury","definition":"A place where stores of money, valuables, or records are kept.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tesorería","language_family":"french","root":"tresorie","root_meaning":"treasure-house, chest","root_language":"Anglo-French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"treasury","meaning":"place for valuables","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"tresorie","meaning":"treasure-house","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tresor","meaning":"treasure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thesauros","meaning":"treasure, store","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treasure","treasurer","thesaurus","enthrone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exchequer","formality":"formal"},{"word":"coffers","formality":"literary"},{"word":"repository","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"8ec74634-0744-4c95-be8d-9b3a1e557b88","word":"treat","definition":"To behave toward someone in a specified way, or to deal with a subject; as a noun, something special given as a source of pleasure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"tratar","language_family":"french","root":"tractare","root_meaning":"to handle, manage, pull","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tragh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"treat","meaning":"to handle; a special pleasure","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"treter","meaning":"to handle, negotiate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tractare","meaning":"to handle, manage, drag repeatedly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trahere","meaning":"to pull, drag","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treatment","treaty","treatise","tract","tractable","retreat"],"synonyms":[{"word":"handle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"address","formality":"formal"},{"word":"deal with","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"66a9f4b4-2885-4919-8931-5f0fb7950f96","word":"treatment","definition":"The process or manner in which someone or something is handled, dealt with, or cared for.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tratamiento","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin tractare","root_meaning":"to handle, manage, deal with","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"treatment","meaning":"handling or care of something","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"treat","meaning":"to handle, deal with","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"traiter","meaning":"to handle, manage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tractare","meaning":"to handle, manage, deal with","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treat","treater","treatise","mistreatment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"therapy","formality":"technical"},{"word":"handling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"care","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"management","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"d598bd96-bb1b-454a-bec9-7265e4095b15","word":"treaty","definition":"A formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tratado","language_family":"french","root":"traité","root_meaning":"a handling, discussion, negotiation","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*trag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"treaty","meaning":"an agreement between states","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"trete","meaning":"treaty, negotiation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"traité","meaning":"a handling, discussion (from traiter 'to handle, negotiate')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tractare","meaning":"to handle, manage, discuss (intensive of trahere 'to draw, drag')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["treat","traction","abstract","contract","detract","portrayal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accord","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agreement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"7fc11b42-985a-4202-9cfb-606ab66b4c12","word":"tree","definition":"A woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk and branches.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trēo","root_meaning":"tree","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dru-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tree","meaning":"woody plant with trunk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trēo","meaning":"tree","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*dru-","meaning":"tree, wood, firm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trees","treeing","treed","arboreal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timber","formality":"formal"},{"word":"oak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"57bc7747-4dbc-4f15-9d72-4bd6f173a0d1","word":"trees","definition":"Tall woody plants with leaves and branches, or structures resembling trees.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tres","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English trēow","root_meaning":"tree, wood","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trees","meaning":"tall woody plants","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tree","meaning":"a tall plant with trunk and branches","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trēow","meaning":"tree, wood","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*dreu-","meaning":"firm, hard, wood","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tree","treelike","treetop","treehouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plants","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"timber","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shade trees","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wood","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.321Z"}
{"id":"4901e937-caaf-46e3-b737-a4684723583a","word":"trek","definition":"A long and arduous journey, especially one undertaken on foot.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"trekken","root_meaning":"to pull, draw, travel","root_language":"Afrikaans/Dutch","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*trag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trek","meaning":"to make a long arduous journey","children":[{"era":"19th Century","word":"trek","meaning":"journey, migration","children":[{"era":"Middle Dutch","word":"trekken","meaning":"to pull, draw, travel","children":[{"era":"Ancient Germanic","word":"*treg-","meaning":"to drag","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Afrikaans"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trekker","traction","tractor","drag","draw","trail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expedition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"bdbcd104-8119-4ef9-849d-47c7bf16b04f","word":"tremble","definition":"Shake involuntarily, typically as a result of anxiety, excitement, or frailty.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"temblar","language_family":"latin","root":"tremere","root_meaning":"to shake, to quake","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tremble","meaning":"to shake involuntarily","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trembler","meaning":"to tremble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tremulare","meaning":"to tremble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tremere","meaning":"to shake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tremor","tremendous","tremolo","intrepid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiver","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:23:30.372Z"}
{"id":"4558a41d-fd34-472d-95a4-04843b90d77b","word":"tremendous","definition":"Very great in amount, scale, or intensity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tremendo","language_family":"latin","root":"tremendus","root_meaning":"dreadful, terrible, causing to tremble","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tremendous","meaning":"Very great in amount, scale, or intensity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tremendus","meaning":"dreadful, causing to tremble","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tremere","meaning":"to tremble","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tremble","tremor","tremolo","deterrent","intimidate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"3586d7a4-4c8f-481e-a6c5-4dd122878667","word":"trench","definition":"A long, narrow ditch dug in the ground.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trinchera","language_family":"french","root":"trenche","root_meaning":"a cutting, a cut","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"truncare","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trench","meaning":"long, narrow ditch","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trenche","meaning":"a cutting","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trenchier","meaning":"to cut","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"truncare","meaning":"to cut off","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tranche","entrench","retrench","trenchant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ditch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"furrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gully","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"590f94e7-1fa2-49a0-be37-9d5cb55a1f3e","word":"trend","definition":"A general direction in which something is developing or changing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trendan","root_meaning":"to turn, revolve","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trend","meaning":"general direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trendan","meaning":"to turn, roll","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trendy","trendsetter","untrendy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tendency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"movement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"current","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"6366a9d2-fee8-4527-9813-c03d51287457","word":"trends","definition":"General directions or tendencies, especially of fashion, opinion, or market activity.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trendan","root_meaning":"to turn, roll","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*trend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trends","meaning":"general direction or tendency","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"trend","meaning":"to turn, lean","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trendan","meaning":"to turn, roll","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trend","trendy","trending","trendsetter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tendencies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"directions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fads","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"30c0934c-d02d-4073-b1ee-38bbb1dfe4cb","word":"trespass","definition":"To enter someone's land or property without permission.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"trespasser","root_meaning":"to pass over, to cross","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trespass","meaning":"To enter unlawfully","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trespassen","meaning":"to transgress, offend","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trespasser","meaning":"to pass beyond, transgress","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trans-","meaning":"across, beyond","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"passus","meaning":"step","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trespasser","trespassing","transgress","passage","pass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"encroach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"intrude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infringe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"violate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"2f010889-8422-4468-846a-ca37180113dd","word":"tri","definition":"A prefix meaning 'three' or 'thrice'.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tri-","language_family":"latin","root":"tri-","root_meaning":"three","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treyes","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tri","meaning":"Prefix meaning 'three'.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tres","meaning":"three","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"τρεῖς (treis)","meaning":"three","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*treyes","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triple","trident","trio","trinity","triangle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"three","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"triple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trifold","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"809a98cb-8018-4698-a734-f86446496a98","word":"triad","definition":"A group of three, or something composed of three parts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tríada","language_family":"greek","root":"treîs","root_meaning":"three","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tréyes","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"triad","meaning":"A group of three.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Greek triás","meaning":"a group of three; triad","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"treîs","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triadic","triadism","triadically","triplet","trio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threesome","formality":"informal"},{"word":"trinity","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"7f9b4634-5758-457d-aea7-a53f4e315f3c","word":"trial","definition":"A test or experiment to assess the effectiveness, quality, or performance of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trial","language_family":"french","root":"trier","root_meaning":"to try or attempt","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trial","meaning":"test or judicial proceeding","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"trial","meaning":"act of trying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trier","meaning":"to try","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["try","tried","trying","trier","trials"],"synonyms":[{"word":"test","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"experiment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"attempt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordeal","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"30fd918a-f294-431e-be94-bd2bf3a367d5","word":"triangle","definition":"A plane figure with three straight sides and three angles.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"triángulo","language_family":"latin","root":"triangulus","root_meaning":"three-cornered","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"triangle","meaning":"A plane figure with three straight sides and three angles.","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"triangulus","meaning":"three-cornered","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tres","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"angulus","meaning":"angle, corner","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tricycle","trigonometry","angle","angular","trio"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trigon","formality":"technical"},{"word":"triad","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"fabae5d7-5448-48a3-811f-188e79cd81cb","word":"tribal","definition":"Relating to a tribe or tribes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tribal","language_family":"latin","root":"tribus","root_meaning":"division of the Roman people, tribe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tribal","meaning":"relating to a tribe","children":[{"era":"1300s/classical","word":"tribe","meaning":"division of people","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tribus","meaning":"division of the Roman people","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French/Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tribe","tributary","attribute","contribute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ethnic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"communal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clannish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"75a026fe-1050-4f29-83d2-8e9564e6c0b8","word":"tribe","definition":"A group of people, often related, sharing a common culture, ancestry, or interest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tribu","language_family":"latin","root":"tribus","root_meaning":"one of the three divisions of the Roman people","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tribe","meaning":"A group of people, often related, sharing a common culture, ancestry, or interest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tribus","meaning":"one of the three divisions of the Roman people","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*tri-","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tribal","tributary","contribute","tribune"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"community","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"090fad7f-7cc2-49fd-b701-afab28cbf29f","word":"tribunal","definition":"A court of justice or a judicial body established to hear and decide disputes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tribunal","language_family":"latin","root":"tribunus","root_meaning":"tribune, magistrate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tribunal","meaning":"a judicial body","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"tribunal","meaning":"platform for tribunes, court of justice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tribunus","meaning":"tribune (magistrate)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tribus","meaning":"tribe","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*treb-","meaning":"dwelling, settlement","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tribune","tribe","tributary","contribute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"court","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"judiciary","formality":"formal"},{"word":"panel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"bf532045-99b4-4d42-9d23-03004b014f12","word":"tribune","definition":"An official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tribuno","language_family":"latin","root":"tribunus","root_meaning":"official of a tribe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tribune","meaning":"An official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"tribun","meaning":"tribune","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tribunus","meaning":"official of a tribe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tribe","tributary","attribute"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magistrate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"official","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"bb6649fb-c5b7-4bd9-9613-a63576447838","word":"tribute","definition":"An act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tributo","language_family":"latin","root":"tribuere","root_meaning":"to assign, allot, grant, pay","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tribute","meaning":"An act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"tribute","meaning":"tribute","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tribūtum","meaning":"a thing paid or contributed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tribuere","meaning":"to assign, allot, grant, pay","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*treb-","meaning":"dwelling, settlement","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["distribute","contribute","attribute","retribution","tribal","tribe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"homage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"honor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"praise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"commendation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"b217961d-91c6-4dcb-b701-a137eef80128","word":"tricky","definition":"Requiring caution and skill because of difficulty or complexity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"tricher","root_meaning":"to cheat, deceive","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tricky","meaning":"Requiring caution and skill because of difficulty or complexity.","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"trick","meaning":"a fraud, a deception","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"tricher","meaning":"to cheat, deceive","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trick","trickster","trickery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difficult","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deceptive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cunning","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"5fcac89e-bfb8-45fd-bf27-e5d6168451b1","word":"tried","definition":"Made an attempt to accomplish something; tested or examined.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"trier","root_meaning":"to pick, sort, separate","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1000s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tried","meaning":"past tense of try; made an attempt","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"try","meaning":"to attempt, test, sort","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"trier","meaning":"to pick, sort, separate","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["try","trier","trying","trial","attempt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attempted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endeavored","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tested","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strived","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"b023c842-eb6a-4b9e-857c-56f77a21a881","word":"trigger","definition":"An event or circumstance that causes a particular action or situation to happen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trekker","root_meaning":"one who pulls","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":"*trekanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trigger","meaning":"An event or circumstance that causes a particular action or situation to happen.","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"trekker","meaning":"one who pulls, a trigger","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"trekken","meaning":"to pull, to draw","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*trekanan","meaning":"to draw, to pull","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trek","drag","draw","traction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"catalyst","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impetus","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stimulant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"76574fcb-e129-491f-8193-eb1a0730864d","word":"trillion","definition":"The numeral representing one million million in the short scale, or 10^12.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trillón","language_family":"french","root":"tri-","root_meaning":"three","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trillion","meaning":"the numeral representing 10^12","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"trillion","meaning":"a number formed with tri- and million","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tri-","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"million","meaning":"a very large number","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trillionth","trillionaire","trillion-fold","trillions"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thousand-billion","formality":"technical"},{"word":"million-million","formality":"technical"},{"word":"10^12","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"1f74cb33-82cb-4d39-b900-762596ee338e","word":"trim","definition":"To make something neat or tidy by cutting away superfluous or unwanted parts.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trymman","root_meaning":"to arrange, strengthen, make firm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trim","meaning":"to make neat by cutting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trymman","meaning":"to set in order, arrange, prepare","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trimmer","trimming","untrimmed","trimmings"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prune","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"95ee1805-dd86-4fec-9c8a-bc1280433b60","word":"trinity","definition":"The union of three persons or things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trinidad","language_family":"latin","root":"trinitas","root_meaning":"state of being three","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trinity","meaning":"The union of three persons or things","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trinite","meaning":"the Trinity","children":[{"era":"200s","word":"trinitas","meaning":"state of being three","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trinus","meaning":"threefold","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*trei-","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triad","trio","ternary","trident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"trio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"triad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threesome","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"1781e761-2e41-4dad-9695-5f11e9999e5c","word":"trio","definition":"A group of three people or things, especially musicians performing together.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trío","language_family":"latin","root":"tres","root_meaning":"three","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*treyes","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trio","meaning":"group of three","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"trio","meaning":"a set of three","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tre","meaning":"three","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trēs","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triple","triangle","trinity","trivet","trivia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"triad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threesome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"group of three","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"9d412f76-40cc-4f9e-a039-289e396cf3f1","word":"trip","definition":"A journey or excursion from one place to another, typically for leisure or a specific purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"trip","root_meaning":"to step, move with quick steps","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trip","meaning":"a journey","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"trip","meaning":"a journey, voyage","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"trippen","meaning":"to step, move quickly","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tripping","tripped","tripper","round-trip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journey","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excursion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"voyage","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"aee69e54-6585-4839-a1da-b40c8a83be41","word":"tripadvisor","definition":"A website and application that provides travel reviews, ratings, and booking services for hotels, restaurants, and attractions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"2000","word":"tripadvisor","meaning":"travel review platform","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"trip","meaning":"a journey or voyage","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"trippen","meaning":"to dance, skip, or step lightly","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"advisor","meaning":"one who advises","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"advisare","meaning":"to look at, consider","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trip","advisor","advice","advise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"travel guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"review platform","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"booking site","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"ede8d32f-eba4-4ef4-a668-b33350c14580","word":"triple","definition":"Consisting of three parts, elements, or aspects.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"triple","language_family":"latin","root":"triplus","root_meaning":"threefold, triple","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trei-plo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"triple","meaning":"Consisting of three parts, elements, or aspects.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"triple","meaning":"triple, threefold","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"triplus","meaning":"threefold, triple","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*trei-plo-","meaning":"three-fold","children":[],"language":"Proto-Italic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triplet","triplicate","trinity","trine","triad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"threefold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tripartite","formality":"formal"},{"word":"three-way","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"bc563714-8b77-4229-b339-94c8f9023637","word":"triumph","definition":"A great victory or achievement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"triunfo","language_family":"latin","root":"triumphus","root_meaning":"triumphal procession","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"triumph","meaning":"A great victory or achievement.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"triumpe","meaning":"triumph, victory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"triumphus","meaning":"triumphal procession, victory","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triumphal","triumphant","triumphantly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victory","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"success","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"94a62182-cc15-4b0d-8c9c-344855066f1a","word":"triumphant","definition":"Showing, feeling, or expressing victory or success.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"triunfo","language_family":"latin","root":"triumphus","root_meaning":"a triumph; a victory procession","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"triumphant","meaning":"showing victory or success","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"triumphāns","meaning":"present participle of triumphō","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"triumphō","meaning":"to triumph; to celebrate a victory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"triumphus","meaning":"a triumph; victory procession","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triumph","triumphal","triumphantly","triumphalism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victorious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"exultant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conquering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T01:39:12.725Z"}
{"id":"dcf74408-23e1-4180-aeea-6f1c5e290eea","word":"trivial","definition":"Of little importance, consequence, or originality; commonplace.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"trivial","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin trivium","root_meaning":"crossroads; three-way place","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trivial","meaning":"of little importance or originality","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"trivial","meaning":"commonplace, ordinary","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trivialis","meaning":"of the crossroads; commonplace","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trivium","meaning":"crossroads; place where three roads meet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tri- + via","meaning":"three + road, way","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trivia","trivium","triviality","trivially","trivialize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insignificant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"minor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unimportant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"d4b90420-d421-4fd5-a4ff-e4d8a952e415","word":"trivium","definition":"An anachronistic term for the lower division of the seven liberal arts in medieval universities, comprising grammar, logic, and rhetoric.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trivio","language_family":"latin","root":"trivium","root_meaning":"place where three roads meet","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trivium","meaning":"lower liberal arts","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trivium","meaning":"place where three roads meet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tres","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"via","meaning":"road","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["quadrivium","trivial","three","via"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rudiments","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fundamentals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basics","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"8d6b342d-0264-4b2c-a22f-cd63bd986ff4","word":"trojan","definition":"Relating to ancient Troy or its inhabitants.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"trojano","language_family":"greek","root":"Troia","root_meaning":"Troy","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trojan","meaning":"relating to ancient Troy or its inhabitants","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Trojanus","meaning":"of Troy, Trojan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Troia","meaning":"Troy","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Troy","Troia","Trojan horse","Trojan War","trojano"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Troyan","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"Troian","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Troy-related","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"de2a4298-36b7-41a8-9ab8-736645a7ea74","word":"troll","definition":"A person or creature that provokes or causes trouble, especially online; from Scandinavian folklore.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"troll","root_meaning":"giant, demon, or malicious supernatural being","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"troll","meaning":"a troublemaking person or a mythical creature","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"troll","meaning":"giant, demon, or harmful supernatural being","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trolling","trolled","troller","trollish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heckler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provocateur","formality":"formal"},{"word":"flamer","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"afb5a2e1-566b-413a-a2ff-904cbb03f8c9","word":"trolley","definition":"A wheeled cart or vehicle used for carrying goods or people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"troll","root_meaning":"to trundle, roll","root_language":"dialectal English","root_era":"early 1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trolley","meaning":"a wheeled cart or vehicle used for carrying goods or people","children":[{"era":"early 1800s","word":"troll","meaning":"to trundle, roll","children":[],"language":"dialectal English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ey","meaning":"diminutive ending","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["troll","trolly","trolleybus","trundle","roll"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tram","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"streetcar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"7f0ac5ae-c209-4480-9e2b-2addea3a29b3","word":"troop","definition":"A group of soldiers, cavalry, or sometimes police; also, a group of people or animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tropa","language_family":"french","root":"troppe","root_meaning":"band, company","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"troop","meaning":"group of soldiers or people","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"troupe","meaning":"company","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"troppe","meaning":"band, company","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"*thorp","meaning":"village, hamlet","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*þurpa-","meaning":"village, settlement","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["troupe","trooper","troopship","thorpe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"squad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"detachment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"band","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"142d7716-da49-40d3-92b1-330067b813f9","word":"trooper","definition":"A soldier of private rank in cavalry or armor, or by extension a mounted police officer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"troupe","root_meaning":"company; group","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trooper","meaning":"a soldier of private rank in cavalry or armor; by extension, a mounted police officer","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"troop","meaning":"a body of soldiers; a company","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"troupe","meaning":"company; troop","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent noun suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["troop","troops","troupe","trouper","trooping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cavalryman","formality":"technical"},{"word":"soldier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"horse soldier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mounted policeman","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"40ac615a-5fe8-406a-8242-ddc5975c34ed","word":"trophy","definition":"A cup or other decorative object awarded as a prize for a victory.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trofeo","language_family":"greek","root":"tropaion","root_meaning":"a sign of defeat, a monument of victory","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~500 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~500 BC","word":"trópaion (τρόπαιον)","meaning":"A monument of an enemy's defeat, a trophy. From tropē (a turning, rout).","children":[{"era":"1510s","word":"trophy","meaning":"A victory prize.","language":"English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"trofeo","meaning":"Trophy.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["atrophy","tropic","entropy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"award","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cup","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"6fe1b753-1d81-4fd4-b8bb-a7f79295037a","word":"tropical","definition":"Of, relating to, or situated in the region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"tropical","language_family":"greek","root":"tropikos","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to a turn or turning","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*trep-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tropical","meaning":"of the tropics","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tropicalis","meaning":"of the tropics","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tropikos","meaning":"of or pertaining to a turn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tropos","meaning":"a turn, turning","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tropic","troposphere","trophy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"equatorial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"torrid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humid","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"578d5116-25c1-4e52-83b4-63bf8a300b86","word":"trouble","definition":"Difficulty or problems.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"turbar","language_family":"french","root":"trubler","root_meaning":"to disturb, stir up","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*turb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trouble","meaning":"difficulty or problems","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trubler","meaning":"to disturb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"turbulare","meaning":"to disturb, confuse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turbulent","disturbance","perturb","turmoil","troublesome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difficulty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"problem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adversity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"4949b836-7b04-4967-8808-eb0cf9e2d545","word":"troublesome","definition":"Troublesome means causing difficulty, annoyance, or worry.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"turbar","language_family":"french","root":"turbare","root_meaning":"to disturb, agitate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"troublesome","meaning":"causing difficulty or annoyance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"troublesome","meaning":"causing trouble","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trouble + -some","meaning":"formed from trouble plus the adjective-forming suffix -some","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trouble","meaning":"disturbance, confusion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"turbare","meaning":"to disturb, agitate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trouble","troublesomeness","troublesomely","troubler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"problematic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"difficult","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annoying","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"c2d7001a-fc38-469b-9ad2-e2f0c700e5cf","word":"troupe","definition":"A company of performers, especially actors or dancers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tropa","language_family":"french","root":"Old French troupe","root_meaning":"group; band","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"troupe","meaning":"a company of performers","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"troupe","meaning":"a band or group of people","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["troop","trooper","trooping","troopship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"company","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ensemble","formality":"formal"},{"word":"group","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"9938e313-846c-4e90-8139-ba2e12055ad6","word":"trout","definition":"A common freshwater fish of the salmon family, valued for food and sport.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trucha","language_family":"greek","root":"trōktēs","root_meaning":"gnawer, nibbler","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*terh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trout","meaning":"a freshwater fish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"truht","meaning":"trout","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tructa","meaning":"trout","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"trōktēs","meaning":"gnawer (from trechein 'to run, to eat')","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Vulgar Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"fish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salmonid","formality":"technical"},{"word":"game fish","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:20:44.640Z"}
{"id":"eaaf16f9-a199-41bd-a220-d0e18417ed92","word":"troy","definition":"A system of weights, chiefly for gold and silver, in which the pound contains 12 ounces, named after Troyes, France.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Troyes","root_meaning":"city in France","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"troy","meaning":"system of weights","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Troyes","meaning":"city in France","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Troyes","Troy (ancient city)","Trojan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"assay weight","formality":"technical"},{"word":"precious metal weight","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"98ef2848-9ed7-404a-a7c0-7599c4451260","word":"truce","definition":"A temporary agreement between opposing sides to stop fighting or arguing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trewes","root_meaning":"faith, pledge, agreement","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*treuwō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"truce","meaning":"temporary cessation of hostilities","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trewes","meaning":"pledges, agreements","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trēow","meaning":"truth, faith","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*treuwō","meaning":"faith, trust","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["true","truth","trust","betrayal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ceasefire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"armistice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cessation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"peace","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"0cb2ac15-e952-4b60-bd66-99177475e549","word":"truck","definition":"A large motor vehicle used for carrying goods; to transport by truck.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"troca","language_family":"germanic","root":"troke","root_meaning":"track, path","root_language":"Dutch/Germanic","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"truck","meaning":"motor vehicle for cargo","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"truck","meaning":"small barrel on wheels","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"troke","meaning":"track, path","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trucking","trucker","trucks","truckload"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lorry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vehicle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hauler","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"a108a15c-173a-4eab-b4ee-d2f156a4a414","word":"true","definition":"In accordance with fact or reality; not false.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trēow","root_meaning":"faith, trust, truth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"true","meaning":"in accordance with fact or reality","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trēow","meaning":"faith, trust, truth","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"treowe","meaning":"faithful, trustworthy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["truth","truly","troth","betrothed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accurate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"factual","formality":"formal"},{"word":"genuine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"real","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"cbd903d7-70b7-4921-9890-9f874cf81c13","word":"truly","definition":"In a truthful way; genuinely or really.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"treowe","root_meaning":"faithful, trustworthy, true","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"truly","meaning":"In a truthful way; genuinely or really.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"true","meaning":"in accordance with fact or reality","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"treowe","meaning":"faithful, trustworthy, true","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["true","truth","trust","truthful","betroth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"genuinely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sincerely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authentically","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"92725764-7bd3-4d7a-8f7b-b0e0abe53d81","word":"trump","definition":"(In card games) A playing card of a suit designated to rank above all other suits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"triunfo","language_family":"french","root":"triumphus","root_meaning":"triumph","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trump","meaning":"a winning card","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"triumph","meaning":"triumph (card game sense)","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"triumfe","meaning":"triumph","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"triumphus","meaning":"triumph, public procession","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["triumph","triumphant","outrank","card game"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advantage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ace","formality":"informal"},{"word":"winning card","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"edbf7585-87eb-4120-8155-1e28abe21340","word":"trumpet","definition":"A trumpet is a brass wind instrument with a bright, piercing tone.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"trompeta","language_family":"french","root":"trompe","root_meaning":"horn; trumpet","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trumpet","meaning":"a brass wind instrument with a bright, piercing tone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trompette","meaning":"small trumpet; trumpet","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trompe","meaning":"horn; trumpet","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trumpeter","trumpeting","trumpetfish","trumpet-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bugle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"clarion","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"a24c47d1-ab5b-4e25-8eca-ad3b2794eb6b","word":"trunk","definition":"The main woody stem of a tree as distinct from its branches and roots.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tronco","language_family":"french","root":"tronc","root_meaning":"trunk (of a tree or body)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trunk","meaning":"The main stem of a tree.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"trunk","meaning":"trunk (of a tree), chest","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tronc","meaning":"trunk (of a tree or body)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"truncus","meaning":"trunk, stock","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["truncate","truncheon","trunk-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stem","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bole","formality":"technical"},{"word":"torso","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"f9fcaf5c-40d1-47e9-8f7c-520df330fa5d","word":"trust","definition":"Firm belief in the reliability, truth, or strength of someone or something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"traust","root_meaning":"trust, confidence","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trust","meaning":"firm belief in reliability","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trust","meaning":"confidence, reliance","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"traust","meaning":"confidence, trust","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trusting","trustworthy","trustee","entrust"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confidence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"faith","formality":"formal"},{"word":"belief","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"07abec8f-c654-4c0a-ba82-400bf4f87688","word":"trustee","definition":"An individual or organization holding assets in trust for a beneficiary.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"traust","root_meaning":"trust, confidence","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trustee","meaning":"one entrusted with assets","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trust","meaning":"confidence, reliance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"traust","meaning":"trust, confidence","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"-ee","meaning":"passive recipient of an action","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"-é","meaning":"past participle ending","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trust","entrust","trustworthy","fiduciary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fiduciary","formality":"technical"},{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"administrator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"c39de88b-da40-408b-a460-f93d56879aa9","word":"trustworthy","definition":"Deserving of trust; reliable and dependable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*traustą","root_meaning":"confidence, support","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trustworthy","meaning":"Deserving of trust; reliable and dependable.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"trust + worthy","meaning":"Having the quality of being worthy of trust","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trust","meaning":"Confidence, reliance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"traust","meaning":"Confidence, help, support","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*traustą","meaning":"Confidence, support","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"worthy","meaning":"Having value or merit","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["trust","trusty","trustful","trustiness","untrustworthy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reliable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dependable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trusty","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"527f2195-a7c8-48df-907e-73ba38929dff","word":"truth","definition":"The quality or state of being true; conformity with fact or reality.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trēwaz","root_meaning":"faithful, loyal, true","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dreu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"truth","meaning":"conformity with reality","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"truth","meaning":"loyalty, fidelity, truth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trēwaz","meaning":"faithful, loyal, true","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*dreu-","meaning":"to be firm, solid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["true","truism","truly","truthful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"veracity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"d20f3f9e-4991-4321-a80d-8c3e30f2733f","word":"truthful","definition":"Telling or showing the truth.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"trēowþ","root_meaning":"truth, faithfulness","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deru-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"truthful","meaning":"telling or showing the truth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"truth + -ful","meaning":"having the quality of truth","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"truth","meaning":"truth, faithfulness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"trēowþ","meaning":"truth, faithfulness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*treuwaz","meaning":"true, trustworthy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["truth","true","trust","troth","truthiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"honest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sincere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"veracious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"57e9a99f-c1b8-4037-9580-c667683aea9b","word":"try","definition":"To make an attempt or effort to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"trier","root_meaning":"to sort or pick out","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"try","meaning":"to attempt or endeavor","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trie","meaning":"to pick or sort out","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trier","meaning":"to sort or pick out","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"trior","meaning":"one who sorts","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tries","trying","tried","trier"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attempt","formality":"formal"},{"word":"endeavor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strive","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"ae4e7da4-db79-4025-8cac-b92464cb5196","word":"trying","definition":"Making an effort to accomplish something; or attempting with difficulty.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"intentando","language_family":"french","root":"trier","root_meaning":"to try, sift","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"trying","meaning":"making an effort","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"try","meaning":"to attempt, to test","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"trier","meaning":"to sift, pick out, try","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["try","tried","tries","trial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attempting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endeavoring","formality":"formal"},{"word":"striving","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"7f33a38b-9ebc-463c-969a-1825574b68cf","word":"tsar","definition":"A title for an emperor, especially the rulers of Russia and Bulgaria.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Caesar","root_meaning":"a Roman family name and imperial title","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tsar","meaning":"a title for an emperor, especially the rulers of Russia and Bulgaria","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"царь","meaning":"tsar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"цьсарь","meaning":"tsar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Caesar","meaning":"the name Caesar, later an imperial title","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*cěsařь","meaning":"tsar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*kaisaraz","meaning":"Caesar; emperor","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-Slavic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old East Slavic"}],"language":"Russian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["czar","tzar","czarina","Caesar","kaiser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emperor","formality":"formal"},{"word":"autocrat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sovereign","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"639feca0-ed23-4983-aec6-986f1c924d79","word":"tsk","definition":"To make a sound expressing disapproval, annoyance, or sympathy, often rendered as 'tsk-tsk'.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"tsk","root_meaning":"sound of disapproval","root_language":"English (onomatopoeic)","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tsk","meaning":"sound of disapproval","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tut","shh","hmm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tut-tut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hiss","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:17:30.692Z"}
{"id":"f01e8e96-eb13-4e0f-90de-126db5c13bd3","word":"tsunami","definition":"A long, high sea wave caused by an earthquake or other disturbance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tsunami","language_family":"other","root":"tsunami","root_meaning":"harbor wave","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"tsu + nami","meaning":"Harbor + wave.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"tsunami","meaning":"Harbor wave.","children":[{"era":"1896","word":"tsunami","meaning":"Giant seismic sea wave.","language":"English"},{"era":"1900s","word":"tsunami","meaning":"Tsunami.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"},"related_words":["seaquake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tidal wave","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seismic wave","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"2bb721f5-28cb-43f3-a275-67663f8abad3","word":"tub","definition":"A wide, cylindrical, open container, especially one used for washing or storing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tobbe","root_meaning":"tub","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"13th-14th c.","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tub","meaning":"A cylindrical container","children":[{"era":"13th-14th c.","word":"tubbe","meaning":"tub","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"tobbe","meaning":"tub","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vat","tun","bucket","barrel"],"synonyms":[{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cask","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"bc4a8397-9b79-4451-953f-8565f9f3210b","word":"tube","definition":"A long, hollow cylinder of metal, plastic, glass, etc., used for holding or conveying something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tubo","language_family":"latin","root":"tubus","root_meaning":"pipe, tube","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tube","meaning":"hollow cylinder","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tubus","meaning":"pipe, tube","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tubular","tubing","intubate","test-tube"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pipe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"c170c834-51bb-45c6-ae56-080c58d509d1","word":"tuck","definition":"To push, fold, or turn under or in.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tukken","root_meaning":"'to pull', 'to draw', 'to twitch'","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tuck","meaning":"to fold or push in","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"tucken","meaning":"to pull, twitch","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"tucken","meaning":"to pull, draw","children":[],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fold","crease","gather","insert","pleat","draw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crease","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"5f7cc31d-1d89-41f9-a749-e4460668c699","word":"tue","definition":"Not a standard English word; possibly a variant or non-standard spelling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"unknown","word":"tue","meaning":"unknown","children":[],"language":"unknown"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"c8f11f78-bb19-4594-abdf-0f8dcfd82769","word":"tuesday","definition":"The third day of the week, following Monday.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"martes","language_family":"germanic","root":"Tiw","root_meaning":"Germanic god of war","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*Tīwaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Tuesday","meaning":"third day of the week","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Tiwesday","meaning":"day of Tiw","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Tiw","meaning":"Germanic god of war and sky","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Monday","Wednesday","Tiesday","weekday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Tues.","formality":"informal"},{"word":"third day","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.802Z"}
{"id":"0946ad07-2f5b-4965-b44e-a3e6c579e8ad","word":"tumor","definition":"A swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tumor","language_family":"latin","root":"tumor","root_meaning":"a swelling, a protuberance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teue-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tumor","meaning":"A swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tumor","meaning":"a swelling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tumere","meaning":"to swell","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*teue-","meaning":"to swell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tumid","tumescent","contumacious","thigh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"growth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swelling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"neoplasm","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"45bbfee1-d1d5-4baf-8ef0-2541d6a9bb18","word":"tuna","definition":"A large, commercially important marine food fish of the mackerel family.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"atún","language_family":"greek","root":"thynnos","root_meaning":"'tuna'","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tuna","meaning":"marine fish","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"atún","meaning":"tuna","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thunnus","meaning":"tuna","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"thynnos","meaning":"tuna","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fish","mackerel","marine","albacore","bonito","ocean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"albacore","formality":"technical"},{"word":"bonito","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"ba94b625-e9ab-49b7-8254-624aa3a064d9","word":"tune","definition":"A succession of musical notes forming a melody.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tono","language_family":"greek","root":"tonos","root_meaning":"stretch, pitch, tone","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"800s BCE","proto_root":"*ten-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tune","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"tun","meaning":"song, air","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tonus","meaning":"tone, sound","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"tonos","meaning":"stretch, pitch, tone","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tone","intonation","attune","tuner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"melody","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"song","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"air","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:15:18.628Z"}
{"id":"8e81e66b-8609-4862-ab46-42d2c385892c","word":"tunnel","definition":"An artificial underground passage, especially one for trains or cars.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"túnel","language_family":"french","root":"tonnel","root_meaning":"net, pipe, cask, barrel","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tunnel","meaning":"an artificial underground passage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tonnel","meaning":"net, pipe, cask","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"tunna","meaning":"cask, barrel","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tun","cask","barrel","subterranean","passage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"passageway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subway","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underpass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bore","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"1978491b-f73d-49de-9ad6-1bd8b7f3fdf8","word":"turbo","definition":"A turbocharger or turbofan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"turbo","language_family":"latin","root":"turbo","root_meaning":"whirlwind, spinning top","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turbo","meaning":"A turbocharger or turbofan","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"turbo","meaning":"whirlwind, spinning top","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turbine","turbulent","disturbance","perturb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"supercharger","formality":"technical"},{"word":"accelerator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"3cdfb3a9-585c-483a-9444-d7c6c81ba635","word":"turbulence","definition":"Violent, irregular motion or disturbance, especially in a fluid or the atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"turbulencia","language_family":"latin","root":"turba","root_meaning":"crowd; disturbance; confusion","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turbulence","meaning":"violent irregular motion or disturbance","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"turbulence","meaning":"turbidity; cloudiness","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"turbulentia","meaning":"trouble; disquiet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"turbulentus","meaning":"troubled; stormy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"turba","meaning":"crowd; disturbance; confusion","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turbulent","turbid","perturb","disturb","turbo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disturbance","formality":"technical"},{"word":"agitation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"disorder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"2aaa9800-7445-4ed1-b324-1327b173d9de","word":"turd","definition":"A lump of feces, or a contemptuous term for an objectionable person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"tord","root_meaning":"dung, excrement","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turd","meaning":"feces; a contemptuous insult","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tord","meaning":"dung; excrement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turdy","turdlike","turdlet","turdiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feces","formality":"technical"},{"word":"excrement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"stool","formality":"technical"},{"word":"dung","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:49:29.305Z"}
{"id":"2d86d1be-5c4f-4744-84fd-5cda18e39987","word":"turf","definition":"A layer of matted earth formed by grass and its roots; an area considered to be one's own or someone's personal sphere of influence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"turf","root_meaning":"sod, peat","root_language":"Old English, Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*turf- (Proto-Germanic)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turf","meaning":"sod; area of influence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"turf","meaning":"sod, peat","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"torf","meaning":"peat","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turfy","peat","lawn","territory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"territory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"3b5799c0-d956-417a-b8b6-b307561505e2","word":"turkey","definition":"a large flightless bird native to North America, domesticated for food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"pavo","language_family":"other","root":"Turquia","root_meaning":"from Turkey (the country)","root_language":"Greek/Turkish","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turkey","meaning":"a large North American bird","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"turkey","meaning":"bird from Turkey","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"turkey-cock","meaning":"bird called turkey","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"Turchia","meaning":"Turkey (the country)","children":[],"language":"Italian/Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turkey-cock","turkey vulture","turkeyfish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fowl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bird","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.835Z"}
{"id":"f31e0add-5a34-4959-8bad-157db2f5f24b","word":"turkish","definition":"Relating to Turkey, its people, or its language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"turco","language_family":"other","root":"Turk + -ish","root_meaning":"a member of a Turkic people + adjectival suffix","root_language":"Old French (Turc)","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turkish","meaning":"of Turkey","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Turk","meaning":"person from Turkey","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"Turc","meaning":"Turk","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"Turcus","meaning":"Turk","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Turkey","Turk","Turkic","Ottoman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Anatolian","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Osmanli","formality":"historical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"8a888bae-5199-43bf-98cb-070fc4774d99","word":"turmoil","definition":"A state of confusion, disorder, or violent disturbance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turmoil","meaning":"confusion or disorder","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"turmoyle","meaning":"confusion, uproar","children":[],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turmoil","turmoiled","turmoiling","turmoils"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commotion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upheaval","formality":"formal"},{"word":"disorder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"9b6f01e6-d519-4692-9967-3ff34301be36","word":"turn","definition":"To move around an axis or center point; to change direction or position.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"tornear","language_family":"latin","root":"tornare","root_meaning":"to turn or rotate, to turn in a lathe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turn","meaning":"to rotate or change direction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"turnen","meaning":"to turn or rotate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tornare","meaning":"to turn, shape on a lathe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tornus","meaning":"lathe, turning tool","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old English/Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turner","turning","turned","turnery","turnip"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rotate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pivot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:15:41.056Z"}
{"id":"6789fed9-8be1-4fc8-b195-d2fea92bd04c","word":"turned","definition":"Changed direction or moved in a rotational or circular manner.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"torneado","language_family":"latin","root":"tornare","root_meaning":"to turn on a lathe, shape","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turned","meaning":"past tense of turn","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"turn","meaning":"to rotate, move around","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"tourner","meaning":"to turn, rotate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tornare","meaning":"to turn on a lathe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turn","turner","turning","turnip","return"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rotated","formality":"formal"},{"word":"swiveled","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pivoted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wheeled","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.922Z"}
{"id":"40427723-ad7c-4715-a083-d448d4fcdd26","word":"turner","definition":"A person who turns or operates a lathe; a device for turning things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"turnian","root_meaning":"to turn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dhr̥-neh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turner","meaning":"one who turns","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"turn","meaning":"to cause to revolve","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"turnian","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["turn","turning","return","detour","contour"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lathe worker","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rotator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spinner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"handler","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:25.252Z"}
{"id":"4fded237-77c6-4905-8d24-8a2124461721","word":"turtle","definition":"A reptile of the order Testudines, having a shell-encased body and living in marine, freshwater, or terrestrial habitats.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tortuga","language_family":"latin","root":"tartaruca","root_meaning":"a kind of bird, probably derived from Tartarus (hell)","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"post-classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"turtle","meaning":"a reptile","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"tortue","meaning":"turtle","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"tartaruca","meaning":"a creature with a hard shell","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["tortoise","terrapin","aquatic","marine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terrapin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tortoise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chelonian","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"498e7885-9fb6-4fec-ad1c-fa9d40823c92","word":"tutor","definition":"A private teacher who gives individualized instruction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tutor","language_family":"latin","root":"tutor","root_meaning":"guardian, protector, instructor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*teu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tutor","meaning":"private teacher","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"tutor","meaning":"guardian, tutor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tutor","meaning":"guardian, protector","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tutelage","tutorial","protect","intuition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"instructor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mentor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coach","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"teacher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"0836a036-3ac0-45a7-aa1a-6303ce35623e","word":"tutorial","definition":"A period of instruction given by a tutor to one or more students; a practical guide to using software or a system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tutor","language_family":"latin","root":"tueri","root_meaning":"to watch, guard, protect","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tutorial","meaning":"A period of instruction","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tutor","meaning":"guardian, protector","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tueri","meaning":"to watch, guard","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tutor","tuition","intuitive","protect"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lesson","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"instruction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"2f348646-c82d-4179-b24d-12a365f7b324","word":"tux","definition":"A colloquial clipping of tuxedo, a formal men's jacket.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"tuxedo","root_meaning":"formal evening jacket","root_language":"American English","root_era":"1880s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tux","meaning":"colloquial short form of tuxedo","children":[{"era":"1880s","word":"tuxedo","meaning":"a formal evening jacket","children":[{"era":"1880s","word":"Tuxedo Park","meaning":"the New York place name associated with the garment","children":[{"era":"pre-1800s","word":"Munsee tucsedo / p'tuxseepu","meaning":"crooked water / crooked river","children":[],"language":"Munsee (Lenape)"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tuxedo","tuxes","tuxedoes","tuxed","betuxed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dinner jacket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dinner suit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"formal jacket","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"58be056e-d8cc-4e4f-9ac0-0e8a47cf2342","word":"tweet","definition":"A short message posted on X/Twitter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tweet","meaning":"a short message posted on X/Twitter","children":[{"era":"16th c.","word":"tweet","meaning":"to chirp like a small bird","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tweeting","tweeted","tweets","retweet","retweeted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"post","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"message","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"update","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"0c70c40e-ee98-49f9-bd99-91a73f95a86c","word":"twelve","definition":"The number equivalent to the sum of six and six; one more than eleven, or 12.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"twelf","root_meaning":"two left (after ten)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dwo-likw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twelve","meaning":"the number 12","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"twelf","meaning":"twelve","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*twalif","meaning":"two left (from ten)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*dwo-likw-","meaning":"two leaving","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["twelfth","twenty","twain","twin","two"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dozen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"12","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"5436725f-dc5f-4e0c-bed5-e690a2447e5e","word":"twenty","definition":"The number equivalent to the product of two and ten; one more than nineteen.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"veinte","language_family":"germanic","root":"twentig","root_meaning":"two tens","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dwihun-tigi","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twenty","meaning":"the number 20","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"twentig","meaning":"twenty","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*dwihun-tigi","meaning":"two tens","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["two","ten","twelve","count"],"synonyms":[],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"ce9b7802-9809-4532-9b21-899f22f7b868","word":"twice","definition":"Two times; on two occasions.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"twiga","root_meaning":"two times","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twice","meaning":"two times","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"twiga","meaning":"two times","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*twiz","meaning":"two times","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["two","twin","between","twilight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twofold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"a second time","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"1efc89ea-c941-4071-9384-f9aecc2ccdd4","word":"twig","definition":"A small, thin branch or shoot of a tree or shrub.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *twīgaz","root_meaning":"branch","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twig","meaning":"a small thin branch","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English twīg","meaning":"branch; twig","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *twīgaz","meaning":"branch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["twigs","twiggy","twiglet","twigged"],"synonyms":[{"word":"branch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spray","formality":"literary"},{"word":"shoot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"3ecdd87b-59a0-4d72-9510-a498b718223e","word":"twilight","definition":"The soft diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, either in the evening or morning.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"twiliht","root_meaning":"two lights, half-light","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twilight","meaning":"light before sunrise or after sunset","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"twiliht","meaning":"two lights, half-light","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*twi-","meaning":"two","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*dwo-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līht","meaning":"light","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"light, bright","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*leuk-","meaning":"light, bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["twin","twist","between","light","lucid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dusk","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gloaming","formality":"literary"},{"word":"evening","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"724b2f35-807a-41df-b080-8660f3a740ea","word":"twin","definition":"One of two children or animals born at the same birth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"twīn","root_meaning":"double","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dwis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twin","meaning":"One of two born at the same birth","children":[{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"twin","meaning":"double, twin","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"twīn","meaning":"double","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["two","twice","between","twain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"double","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gemini","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"87052536-abbf-4138-b8fa-a01b91b0e90a","word":"twinkle","definition":"To shine, flicker, or blink briefly and repeatedly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twinkle","meaning":"to shine, flicker, or blink briefly and repeatedly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"twinklen","meaning":"to wink or blink repeatedly, probably imitative","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"zwinken","meaning":"to wink, blink","children":[],"language":"Middle High German"},{"era":"modern","word":"zwinkern","meaning":"to wink, twitch","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["twinkling","twink","twinkled","blink","wink"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flicker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glimmer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sparkle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"b5c32d6f-beeb-4c68-a824-16f40c8ae44f","word":"twitter","definition":"To make a series of short, high-pitched, excited chirping sounds.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"twiteren","root_meaning":"to twitter (imitative sound)","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"twitter","meaning":"to chirp","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"twiteren","meaning":"to chirp","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["chirp","chatter","titter","flicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chirp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"chatter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peep","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"warble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"82363854-948a-4b75-921d-4ef87e81bee8","word":"two","definition":"The number 2; one more than one.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":"dos","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English twā","root_meaning":"two","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*duwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"two","meaning":"the number 2","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"twā","meaning":"two","children":[{"era":"2000+ BCE","word":"*duwo-","meaning":"two","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["twin","twine","twice","between"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"couple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"duo","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"4763782f-4d0d-4bbc-a0a9-d6865b14fcbd","word":"tycoon","definition":"A wealthy, powerful person in business or industry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"magnate","language_family":"other","root":"taikun","root_meaning":"great lord","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1857","word":"tycoon","meaning":"Powerful business leader.","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"taikun","meaning":"Great lord; title used for the shogun by foreigners.","language":"Japanese"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["magnate","mogul"],"synonyms":[{"word":"magnate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mogul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"big shot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"a5a8f467-7621-4b9d-b264-5c41f005e2a0","word":"type","definition":"A category or class of things with similar characteristics.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tipo","language_family":"greek","root":"Greek typos","root_meaning":"impression, mark, figure","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"type","meaning":"category or class of things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"type","meaning":"impressed figure, printing block","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"typus","meaning":"figure, image","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"typos","meaning":"impression, mark, figure","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["typical","typify","typography","atypical","prototype"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kind","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"category","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sort","formality":"informal"},{"word":"variety","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"825f261f-88a6-4064-ac33-741289cddce7","word":"types","definition":"Plural of type; kinds or categories of things characterized by particular shared qualities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tipos","language_family":"greek","root":"typos","root_meaning":"impression, mark, figure","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*tup-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"types","meaning":"plural of type; categories","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"type","meaning":"a kind, variety, or category","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"typus","meaning":"image, model","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"typos","meaning":"impression, mark, figure","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*tup-","meaning":"to beat, strike","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["type","typical","typing","typewriter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"categories","formality":"formal"},{"word":"kinds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"varieties","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"1acf78cf-fd3b-4960-98c1-efbc411e2009","word":"typewriter","definition":"A machine for typing characters onto paper.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"typewriter","meaning":"a machine for typing characters onto paper","children":[{"era":"current","word":"type","meaning":"a printed character or model","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"typos","meaning":"impression, stamp, model","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"writer","meaning":"one who writes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"write","meaning":"to inscribe or compose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"writan","meaning":"to write, draw, score","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["typewrite","typewriting","typewritten","typist","typeface"],"synonyms":[{"word":"writing machine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"typing machine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"typewriting machine","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"0d15a415-fd8f-46f2-a48a-2012c3bad38d","word":"typical","definition":"Exhibiting the characteristics or qualities that are representative of a particular type or group.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"típico","language_family":"greek","root":"typos","root_meaning":"a blow, impression, model","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"typical","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"300s","word":"typicus","meaning":"symbolic, conforming to a type","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"typikos","meaning":"conforming to a type","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"typos","meaning":"impression, model, type","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["type","stereotype","typify","archetype","typography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"characteristic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"representative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"da3810cd-9aba-4a58-a436-dfa7269fd3a8","word":"tyranny","definition":"Cruel and oppressive rule by a single authority or regime.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tiranía","language_family":"greek","root":"tyrannos","root_meaning":"ruler, tyrant","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tyranny","meaning":"cruel and oppressive rule","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tyrannie","meaning":"tyranny, oppressive rule","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tyrannie","meaning":"tyranny, despotism","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tyrannia","meaning":"rule by a tyrant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tyrannos","meaning":"tyrant, ruler","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tyrant","tyrannical","tyrannize","tyrannous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"despotism","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dictatorship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"autocracy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"c4b0b2c9-b5da-4ad7-9f9e-322916ffa715","word":"tyrant","definition":"A ruler who exercises power brutally or unlawfully; by extension, any oppressive person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tirano","language_family":"greek","root":"τύραννος","root_meaning":"usurper, despot","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tyrant","meaning":"an oppressive ruler or person","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"tyrant","meaning":"an oppressive ruler","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tyrant","meaning":"a usurper or despot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"tyrannus","meaning":"despot","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"τύραννος","meaning":"usurper, monarch, despot","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tyranny","tyrannical","tyrannize","tyrannous","tyrannicide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"despot","formality":"formal"},{"word":"autocrat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dictator","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"cf36cb9e-d6e1-4338-aa22-d0717c0e1956","word":"tyre","definition":"A rubber covering, typically inflated or solid, placed around the wheel of a vehicle or bicycle to form a flexible contact with the road.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"atour","root_meaning":"equipment, adornment","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"tyre","meaning":"rubber covering for a wheel","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"tire","meaning":"band of iron around a wheel, later rubber","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"attyre","meaning":"equipment, dress","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"atour","meaning":"equipment, adornment","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["attire","apparel","outfitting","gearing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wheel covering","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pneumatic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"28d740b5-dbeb-4062-94d4-597178c52315","word":"ugh","definition":"An interjection expressing disgust, repugnance, or strong displeasure.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ugh","root_meaning":"imitative of a sound of disgust or effort","root_language":"English (imitative)","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ugh","meaning":"exclamation of disgust or repugnance","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"ugh","meaning":"natural vocal expression of disgust (first attested in writing c. 1765)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"[imitative]","meaning":"natural grunt or expulsion of breath expressing revulsion","children":[],"language":"Germanic oral tradition"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ugh","yuck","ew","blech","phew"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yuck","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fie","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"faugh","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"f56b5bf3-9dd0-42e8-b61f-b27745ab55f6","word":"ugly","definition":"Unpleasant or repulsive to look at.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"uggligr","root_meaning":"fearful, dreadful, alarming","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ugly","meaning":"Unpleasant or repulsive to look at.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"uggligr","meaning":"fearful, dreadful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"uggr","meaning":"fear, apprehension","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ugliness","oggle","awe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unattractive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hideous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"repulsive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"ac5fb401-ba0c-489c-9842-b9855acfd521","word":"ulcer","definition":"A sore or lesion on the skin or a mucous membrane that is often slow to heal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"úlcera","language_family":"latin","root":"ulcus","root_meaning":"sore, ulcer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ulcer","meaning":"A sore or lesion on the skin or a mucous membrane that is often slow to heal.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ulcus","meaning":"A sore, ulcer, or similar lesion.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ulcerate","ulcerated","ulceration","ulcerous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lesion","formality":"formal"},{"word":"canker","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"09475c47-f965-43e1-a626-e602413249b5","word":"ultimate","definition":"Final, conclusive, or the most extreme degree of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"último","language_family":"latin","root":"ultimatus","root_meaning":"final, last","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ultimate","meaning":"final, extreme","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"ultimate","meaning":"final, conclusive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ultimatus","meaning":"last, final","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ultimus","meaning":"last, farthest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ultimately","ultimatum","ultimo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"final","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conclusive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"14ad3871-7de5-482d-9925-ee16a221e0ea","word":"ultimatum","definition":"A final demand or set of terms whose rejection results in retaliation, conflict, or a breakdown of negotiations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ultimátum","language_family":"latin","root":"ultimus","root_meaning":"last, farthest, final","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ultimatum","meaning":"final non-negotiable demand","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"ultimatum","meaning":"the final point; last terms offered","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ultimatus","meaning":"come to an end, past participle of ultimare","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ultimus","meaning":"last, farthest, final","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*al-","meaning":"beyond, other side","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern Latin (diplomatic)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ultimate","ultimately","penultimate","ultimacy","ultima"],"synonyms":[{"word":"final demand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diktat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mandate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"e5f4a973-d5f0-412e-acb0-71d117aa8830","word":"ultra","definition":"Going beyond what is usual or ordinary; extreme.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ultra","language_family":"latin","root":"ultra","root_meaning":"beyond, on the other side","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ultra","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ultra","meaning":"beyond, on the other side, further","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*al-","meaning":"beyond","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ulterior","ultimate","ultraviolet","ultralight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excessive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"f28cb54b-8a53-40b7-ae73-03a253468591","word":"umbrella","definition":"A folding canopy supported by ribs used as protection from rain or sun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sombrilla","language_family":"latin","root":"umbrella","root_meaning":"little shade","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~200 BC","word":"umbra","meaning":"Shade, shadow.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"umbrella","meaning":"Little shade, parasol.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"umbrella","meaning":"Canopy for rain or sun.","language":"English"}],"language":"Italian"},{"era":"1200s","word":"sombra","meaning":"Shade.","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"sombrilla","meaning":"Parasol, umbrella.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Latin"},"related_words":["umbra","umbrage","somber"],"synonyms":[{"word":"parasol","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brolly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"canopy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"6d0bef4c-b380-42a2-b56a-48ec20a3e612","word":"unable","definition":"Lacking the power, skill, or means to do something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"un-, habilis","root_meaning":"not, handy/skillful","root_language":"Old English, Latin","root_era":"pre-1100, classical","proto_root":"*ne-, *gʰebh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unable","meaning":"Lacking the power, skill, or means to do something.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*ne-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"able","meaning":"having the power, skill, or means to do something","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"habilis","meaning":"handy, skillful","children":[{"era":"null","word":"habilitare","meaning":"to make able","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["able","ability","enable","disable","inability"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incapable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"powerless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"helpless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"8623d895-55d8-4755-b655-1c93949ebd47","word":"unacceptable","definition":"Not satisfactory or allowable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inaceptable","language_family":"latin","root":"acceptare","root_meaning":"to take, receive favorably","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*kap-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unacceptable","meaning":"not satisfactory","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"acceptable","meaning":"worthy of acceptance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"accepter","meaning":"to accept","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"acceptare","meaning":"to take, receive favorably","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"accipere","meaning":"to take, receive","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ad-","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"capere","meaning":"to take","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*kap-","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["accept","acceptance","unaccepted","except","capable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intolerable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unsuitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"improper","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"7ce5f282-7569-42a1-8102-849fa9d3d247","word":"unanimous","definition":"Unanimous means fully in agreement or of one mind.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"unánime","language_family":"latin","root":"ūnanimus","root_meaning":"of one mind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unanimous","meaning":"fully in agreement","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ūnanimus","meaning":"of one mind","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ūnus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"animus","meaning":"mind; spirit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unanimity","unanimously","unanimousness","animus","unity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"agreed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"concordant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"united","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"7f79b1e9-3c59-4b7f-b5dc-e1de0c0acb1f","word":"unavailable","definition":"Not able to be used or obtained; not at hand or accessible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indisponible","language_family":"french","root":"un- + avail + -able","root_meaning":"not + to be of use + able","root_language":"Modern English compound","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unavailable","meaning":"not accessible","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"available","meaning":"able to be used","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"availler","meaning":"to be of use","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"a-","meaning":"to","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"valoir","meaning":"to be worth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong, be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["available","ability","utility","valuable","obtainable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inaccessible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"occupied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"engaged","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"2263d876-4e01-4912-8a0d-2113dbf0be32","word":"unaware","definition":"Not conscious or informed of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + wær","root_meaning":"not + aware, cautious","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*un- + *waraz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unaware","meaning":"Not conscious or informed","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"unaware","meaning":"not conscious","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wær","meaning":"cautious, aware","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*waraz","meaning":"vigilant","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["aware","awareness","unconscious","ignorant","heedless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ignorant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oblivious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unconscious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unknowing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"3a209bfe-d831-4df2-82ed-07e5dac4fe04","word":"unbearable","definition":"Not able to be endured or tolerated; insufferable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"beran","root_meaning":"to carry, to bear","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unbearable","meaning":"Not able to be endured or tolerated.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"bearable","meaning":"capable of being borne","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bear","meaning":"to carry, to endure","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*beranan","meaning":"to carry","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bher-","meaning":"to carry, to bear children","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"abilis","meaning":"capable of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bear","burden","birth","suffer","tolerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intolerable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"insufferable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agonizing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:13:18.470Z"}
{"id":"7c37d0a0-fedf-4fba-ad44-a5b3c79320a8","word":"unbelievable","definition":"Not able to be believed; incredible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + believe + -able","root_meaning":"not able to be trusted","root_language":"English","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unbelievable","meaning":"not able to be believed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"believe","meaning":"to trust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gelyfan","meaning":"to believe","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*galaubjan","meaning":"to believe","children":[{"era":"pre-2500 BCE","word":"*leubh-","meaning":"to love, care, desire","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-abilis","meaning":"capable of","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["believe","belief","disbelieve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incredible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"preposterous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fantastic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"512da7d8-45e9-4cfa-a96e-c7c2dde26668","word":"unbelievably","definition":"In a way that is hard to believe or astonishingly beyond expectation.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*bilaubijaną","root_meaning":"to believe","root_language":"Proto-West Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leubh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unbelievably","meaning":"in a way that is hard to believe","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"unbelievable","meaning":"not able to be believed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"believe","meaning":"to hold something as true","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bilaubijaną","meaning":"to believe","children":[],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Middle / Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English / Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unbelievable","believe","believer","belief","unbelief"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incredibly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"astonishingly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extraordinarily","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"8552c1cb-a316-4494-8c24-4030e3db845a","word":"unborn","definition":"Unborn means not yet born, or not yet brought into existence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"unboren","root_meaning":"not born","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unborn","meaning":"not yet born; not yet brought into existence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"born","meaning":"brought forth; given birth to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beran","meaning":"to bear, carry, give birth to","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*bʰer-","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["born","birth","bear","bearing","unborn child"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unbegotten","formality":"literary"},{"word":"preborn","formality":"technical"},{"word":"prenatal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"ea880b33-8651-46dc-9e0a-cf6d16cbeb85","word":"uncanny","definition":"Strangely eerie or unsettling, especially in a way that suggests something beyond ordinary explanation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"cunnan","root_meaning":"to know, be able","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uncanny","meaning":"strangely eerie or unsettling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"negative prefix meaning not or opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"canny","meaning":"knowing, shrewd, or prudent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cunnan","meaning":"to know, be able","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Scots/English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["canny","uncannily","uncanniness","cannily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eerie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"otherworldly","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"eb9a7c04-dc81-4608-a570-11625be9436c","word":"uncertain","definition":"Not certain; unsure.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"incierto","language_family":"latin","root":"certus","root_meaning":"sure, fixed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uncertain","meaning":"not certain; unsure","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English uncerteyn","meaning":"uncertain","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"certain","meaning":"certain; sure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin certus","meaning":"sure, fixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certain","certainty","uncertainty","uncertainly","incertain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubtful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dubious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"questionable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"cd9a8665-fee3-4904-88ce-2254ec74221d","word":"uncertainty","definition":"The state of being uncertain; doubt or unpredictability.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"incertidumbre","language_family":"latin","root":"incertus","root_meaning":"uncertain, not fixed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uncertainty","meaning":"state of doubt","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"uncertain","meaning":"not certain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"incertus","meaning":"uncertain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"in-","meaning":"not, without","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"certus","meaning":"sure, fixed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["certain","certify","certificate","discern","concern","ascertain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"doubt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hesitation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indecision","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"risk","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"ea49558d-1f71-4bbc-babf-2c555b48fb89","word":"uncle","definition":"The brother of one's father or mother or the husband of one's aunt.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"tío","language_family":"latin","root":"avunculus","root_meaning":"mother's brother, maternal uncle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*awo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uncle","meaning":"parent's brother","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"uncle","meaning":"mother's brother","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"oncle","meaning":"mother's brother","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"avunculus","meaning":"mother's brother","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*awo-","meaning":"mother's brother, maternal grandfather","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avuncular","aunt","awe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"kin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"relative","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"cb9fd984-a5d4-4604-9bd7-f02c12fe2714","word":"unclear","definition":"Not clear, distinct, or easy to understand.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"clarus","root_meaning":"bright, clear","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unclear","meaning":"not clear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"clear","meaning":"bright; plain; distinct","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"cler","meaning":"clear, bright","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"clarus","meaning":"bright, clear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["clear","clearly","clarity","clarify"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ambiguous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vague","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obscure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"0058b268-9ee6-4f36-870f-1fce486d73bd","word":"uncommon","definition":"Uncommon means not common or not usual.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"común","language_family":"latin","root":"communis","root_meaning":"common; shared; general","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uncommon","meaning":"not common or usual","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1100s–1200s","word":"common","meaning":"shared; usual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"communis","meaning":"common; public; general","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English via Old French comun"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["common","uncommonly","commonness","commonplace","commoner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infrequent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"atypical","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"d4c45322-3ad0-4dc0-b4b3-8133acfd8d98","word":"unconscious","definition":"Not awake and aware of one's surroundings; in a state resembling sleep.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inconsciente","language_family":"latin","root":"conscius","root_meaning":"aware, knowing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*skei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unconscious","meaning":"not awake and aware","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"conscious","meaning":"aware of one's own existence and surroundings","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"conscius","meaning":"knowing, aware","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"scire","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["conscious","conscience","science","nescience"],"synonyms":[{"word":"insensible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"comatose","formality":"technical"},{"word":"out","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"6d3cdcd7-b583-4d66-91d8-5c1f3d0598a1","word":"undead","definition":"Not dead; especially reanimated or supernatural in a horror context.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dead","root_meaning":"dead; not living","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undead","meaning":"not dead; reanimated or supernatural","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[{"era":"pre-PIE","word":"*ne-","meaning":"negative particle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"dead","meaning":"deceased; not alive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"die","meaning":"to cease living","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dead","deathless","undying","unliving","living dead"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unliving","formality":"literary"},{"word":"deathless","formality":"literary"},{"word":"reanimated","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"39b122db-e373-4fc3-be99-2094b818fc44","word":"undefined","definition":"Not clearly or precisely determined or established.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"indefinido","language_family":"latin","root":"finire","root_meaning":"to finish, to limit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bʰeyh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undefined","meaning":"Not clearly or precisely determined or established.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"define","meaning":"to put an end to, to define","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dēfīnīre","meaning":"to limit, to set bounds to, to define","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fīnis","meaning":"end, limit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["define","finite","infinite","definition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vague","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unclear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"imprecise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"216b10e3-1baf-4fbc-83ed-c6bade484670","word":"under","definition":"In or to a position below or beneath something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"under","root_meaning":"beneath, below","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*upo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"under","meaning":"below, beneath, in a lower position","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"below, beneath, under","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*upo-","meaning":"up, over, under","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["underneath","underway","understand","undergo","underdog"],"synonyms":[{"word":"beneath","formality":"formal"},{"word":"below","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underneath","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:15:41.056Z"}
{"id":"8723f705-0069-409b-bd8c-ecd73ffa1e3e","word":"underestimate","definition":"To estimate (something) to be smaller or less important than it actually is.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"subestimar","language_family":"latin","root":"aestimare","root_meaning":"to value, appraise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*eys-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underestimate","meaning":"to value too low","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"below","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"17th century","word":"estimate","meaning":"to appraise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"aestimare","meaning":"to value, appraise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["overestimate","miscalculate","undervalue","appraisal","estimation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undervalue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misjudge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disregard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"downplay","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"f66067f9-6a62-444b-9625-cbad1a475fff","word":"undergo","definition":"To undergo something is to experience or endure it, often something difficult or formal.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English undergān","root_meaning":"to go under; submit to","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undergo","meaning":"to experience or endure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"undergān","meaning":"to go under; submit to","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"under","meaning":"under, below","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-500","word":"*gāną","meaning":"to go","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["undergone","undergoing","underwent","go","under"],"synonyms":[{"word":"experience","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suffer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"d479c162-3a60-498e-a7d0-47c90740daa3","word":"undergraduate","definition":"A university student who has not yet received a first degree.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"gradus","root_meaning":"step, degree","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʰredʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undergraduate","meaning":"student before degree","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"under- + graduate","meaning":"prefix + noun","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"graduātus","meaning":"to take a degree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gradus","meaning":"step, degree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gʰredʰ-","meaning":"to walk, step","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["graduate","postgraduate","grade","gradation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"student","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fresher","formality":"informal"},{"word":"scholar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"65382523-13a6-45db-a7ad-2f67cb411742","word":"underlie","definition":"To lie beneath something; to be the basis or foundation of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"underlicgan","root_meaning":"to lie beneath","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*underligjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underlie","meaning":"To lie beneath something; to be the basis of something.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"underlie","meaning":"to lie beneath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"underlicgan","meaning":"to lie beneath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"beneath","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"licgan","meaning":"to lie, recline","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["under","lie","underlying","layer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"underpin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sustain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"form the basis of","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"d064856a-50ae-4f72-9ede-d85eb290e87d","word":"underneath","definition":"Directly below or on the lower side of something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"underneoðan","root_meaning":"below, beneath","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*unþar","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underneath","meaning":"below","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"underneoðan","meaning":"below, beneath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*unþar","meaning":"below","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["under","beneath","below","nether","understand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"below","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"under","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"b1d6521b-0091-449c-a26d-3ccbb9e7330a","word":"underpants","definition":"Underwear worn on the lower body beneath outer clothing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underpants","meaning":"underwear for the lower body","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"beneath; below","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"pants","meaning":"trousers or outer legwear","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pantaloon","meaning":"long trousers; a comic character name","children":[],"language":"Italian via French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["pants","pantaloon","underwear","briefs","drawers"],"synonyms":[{"word":"underwear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"briefs","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drawers","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"knickers","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"be506370-9d32-4bb7-ac92-4b256a119ca3","word":"understand","definition":"To comprehend the meaning or significance of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"understanden","root_meaning":"stand under, comprehend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"understand","meaning":"to comprehend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"understandan","meaning":"to stand before or among","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"under, below","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stand","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["understanding","understood","misunderstand"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comprehend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perceive","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"e705eba4-eb73-428d-8349-c8345dc53e4c","word":"understandable","definition":"Capable of being understood; intelligible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"understand","root_meaning":"to stand between, to grasp the meaning of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*n̥derstándanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"understandable","meaning":"capable of being understood","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"understand","meaning":"to grasp the meaning of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"understandan","meaning":"to stand between, to perceive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under-","meaning":"between, among","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"standan","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1100s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of, worthy of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-abilis","meaning":"capable of being","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["understand","understanding","misunderstand","understandably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comprehensible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intelligible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clear","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"45137a1f-7600-483a-864f-124f24597305","word":"understanding","definition":"The ability to comprehend or grasp the meaning of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"under + stand","root_meaning":"to stand beneath, comprehend","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud- (up) + *stā- (to stand)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"understanding","meaning":"comprehension","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"understand","meaning":"to stand beneath, comprehend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under + stand","meaning":"beneath + to stand","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["understand","understandable","misunderstanding","comprehension","standpoint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"comprehension","formality":"formal"},{"word":"grasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knowledge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"insight","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.868Z"}
{"id":"e2772e65-11c8-42e6-8ac2-0a1423537e5c","word":"undertake","definition":"To commit oneself to and begin an enterprise or task; to take on a responsibility.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"under + take","root_meaning":"beneath + grasp/seize","root_language":"Old English/Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*n̥dʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undertake","meaning":"to begin a task","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"beneath","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*n̥dʰer-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"take","meaning":"to grasp, seize","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tacan","meaning":"to take, touch","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["undertaking","takeover","understood","taken","took"],"synonyms":[{"word":"commence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"begin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assume","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:16:00.861Z"}
{"id":"7a90c83a-76c1-4e75-b465-2eba01d1db1e","word":"underwater","definition":"Located, occurring, or done beneath the surface of the water.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"under, water","root_meaning":"below, liquid","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ndher-, *wod-r","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underwater","meaning":"Located, occurring, or done beneath the surface of the water.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"below","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wæter","meaning":"liquid, water","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["undersurface","watery","watershed","submerged","underneath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"submerged","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"subaquatic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sunken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immersed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"dfcf5ac3-5ac9-4806-8447-3ba713de6433","word":"underway","definition":"Underway means in motion or in progress.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"way","root_meaning":"course; path; route","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wegh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underway","meaning":"in motion; in progress","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"under way","meaning":"moving or progressing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"beneath; below; among","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"way","meaning":"course; path; route","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*wegh-","meaning":"to move, carry, transport","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English phrase"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["under","way","under way","progress","ongoing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"in progress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ongoing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"under way","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"5ea2b264-f258-400a-960a-da1d2df4fe1f","word":"underwear","definition":"Clothing worn next to the skin, under outer clothes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"under, wear","root_meaning":"below, clothing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*n̥dʰér, *wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underwear","meaning":"clothing worn underneath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"below, beneath","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wear","meaning":"to carry on one's person, to clothe","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["undergarment","undershirt","wear","clothes","garment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lingerie","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undergarments","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intimates","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"798b29ea-41d7-40c5-bce3-74a757dd3d29","word":"underworld","definition":"A mythical place of the dead, or a criminal society.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"under + world","root_meaning":"below + age/human existence","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*under + *weraldi","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"underworld","meaning":"A mythical place of the dead, or a criminal society","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"under","meaning":"below","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*under","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"world","meaning":"human existence, age","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*weraldi","meaning":"age of man","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["undergo","understand","worldly","old-world"],"synonyms":[{"word":"netherworld","formality":"literary"},{"word":"criminal element","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hell","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:11:13.946Z"}
{"id":"25bfd964-1325-40ef-a0f6-f3aa1092759f","word":"undo","definition":"To reverse the effect of a previous action or to unfasten something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"dōn","root_meaning":"to put, to place, to make","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*dʰeh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undo","meaning":"To reverse the effect of a previous action.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not, reversal","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"do","meaning":"to put, to place, to make","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*dōną","meaning":"to put, to place","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*dʰeh₁-","meaning":"to put, to place","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["do","done","doing","redo","undone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reverse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cancel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nullify","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"1383d4b3-c5ac-4aab-9402-49ba7a4be260","word":"undoubtedly","definition":"In a way that leaves no doubt; certainly.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"dudar","language_family":"latin","root":"dubitare","root_meaning":"to doubt; waver","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undoubtedly","meaning":"certainly; without doubt","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"undoubted","meaning":"not in doubt; certain","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"doubt","meaning":"uncertainty or hesitation","children":[{"era":"1100s–1400s","word":"douter","meaning":"to doubt","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"dubitare","meaning":"to doubt, hesitate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["doubt","doubted","doubtful","undoubted","doubtless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"certainly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unquestionably","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indisputably","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"506c6f59-e1a2-4cd8-8b1e-9c17b4a9c749","word":"undress","definition":"To take off one's clothes.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + dress","root_meaning":"not, opposite + to make straight, array","root_language":"Old English / Old French","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1200s","proto_root":"*and-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"undress","meaning":"To take off clothes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not, opposite","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"dress","meaning":"to put on clothes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"dresser","meaning":"to arrange, set in order","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"directus","meaning":"straight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dress","dressed","undressed","dressing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disrobe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strip","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divest","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"49c6d985-f967-44c7-94cf-052e26613d90","word":"unemployed","definition":"Describing a person who is without a job; out of work.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"desempleado","language_family":"latin","root":"implicare","root_meaning":"to involve, entangle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*plek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unemployed","meaning":"without a job","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"employed","meaning":"having a job","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"employ","meaning":"to use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implicare","meaning":"to involve","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["employment","employer","employee","employ","jobless","disemployed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jobless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"out of work","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"redundant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inactive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"a07463f5-66dd-4532-9a6e-b5fcf4854eae","word":"unemployment","definition":"The state of being without a job.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"desempleo","language_family":"french","root":"employer","root_meaning":"to use, to employ","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unemployment","meaning":"The state of being without a job.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"employment","meaning":"use, engagement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"employer","meaning":"to use, to employ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"implicare","meaning":"to involve, to entangle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["employ","employed","employer","employee","unemployed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"joblessness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idleness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"worklessness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"caf302a0-9aaf-4401-8561-ef9674c9baac","word":"unethical","definition":"Not conforming to moral principles or accepted standards of conduct.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ético","language_family":"greek","root":"ἦθος","root_meaning":"custom; character; moral nature","root_language":"Ancient Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unethical","meaning":"not conforming to moral principles or accepted standards of conduct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"ethical","meaning":"relating to moral principles","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ethikos","meaning":"ethical; moral","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ἦθος (ēthos)","meaning":"custom; character; habit","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ethic","ethical","ethically","ethics","unethically"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immoral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unprincipled","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dishonest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unscrupulous","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"b7af9687-4f9b-419b-9b7d-519ef51235b2","word":"unexpectedly","definition":"In a manner that is not anticipated or foreseen.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"spectare","root_meaning":"to look at; observe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*spek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unexpectedly","meaning":"in a manner that is not anticipated or foreseen","children":[{"era":"current","word":"unexpected","meaning":"not anticipated or foreseen","children":[{"era":"current","word":"expected","meaning":"anticipated or foreseen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"expect","meaning":"to anticipate; look for","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"exspectare","meaning":"to look out for; await","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"spectare","meaning":"to look at; observe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unexpected","expect","expected","expectation","unexpectedness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surprisingly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unforeseeably","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suddenly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"8cb8cb04-6870-47e9-900b-c0fd663d36a7","word":"unfair","definition":"Not based on or behaving according to the principles of equality and justice.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + fæġer","root_meaning":"not + beautiful, pleasant, just","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne- + *pag-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unfair","meaning":"Not just or equitable","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"unfair","meaning":"not beautiful, not proper","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæġer","meaning":"beautiful, pleasant, just","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fair","fairly","fairness","unfairness","impartial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unjust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"biased","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inequitable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"4d8c13e2-189d-4c86-b7e2-2358d51765c1","word":"unfaithful","definition":"Not faithful, loyal, or sexually exclusive.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"infiel","language_family":"latin","root":"fides","root_meaning":"trust, faith","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bheidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unfaithful","meaning":"not faithful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"faithful","meaning":"loyal; true to trust","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"faith","meaning":"trust or belief","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fides","meaning":"trust, faith","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["faith","faithful","faithlessness","unfaithfulness","fidelity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disloyal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"treacherous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inconstant","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"79855e29-8cf5-4dbe-870e-b4361c8145ad","word":"unfamiliar","definition":"Unfamiliar means not known or not previously experienced.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"familia","root_meaning":"household; family","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unfamiliar","meaning":"not known or not previously experienced","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"familiar","meaning":"well known; of the household","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"familiaris","meaning":"of the household; intimate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"familia","meaning":"household; family","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["familiar","unfamiliarity","familiarize","familiarly","family"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unknown","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfamiliarized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"909aed6a-e61d-4e32-a7e9-0adedb29ee52","word":"unfit","definition":"Not fit; unsuitable or lacking the required condition.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"fit","root_meaning":"suitable; proper","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unfit","meaning":"not fit; unsuitable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"negative prefix","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"fit","meaning":"suitable; proper","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fit","fitness","fitting","misfit","fitted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unsuitable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inappropriate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unqualified","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"a4ff96ed-75f8-4778-af8b-d4b0709a30b5","word":"unfold","definition":"To open or spread out what was folded; to reveal or develop gradually.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"unfealdan","root_meaning":"to open out, unfold","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*pel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unfold","meaning":"to open out; to reveal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"unfealdan","meaning":"to unfold, open out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un- + fealdan","meaning":"reversal prefix + to fold","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*falþaną","meaning":"to fold","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*pel-","meaning":"to fold, wrap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fold","twofold","manifold","enfold","blindfold","foldout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"reveal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disclose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"open","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"577676f8-6e2e-479c-b8af-83fc2752e8eb","word":"unforgivable","definition":"Too serious to be forgiven or excused.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gebaną","root_meaning":"to give","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰebʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unforgivable","meaning":"too serious to be forgiven or excused","children":[{"era":"current","word":"un- + forgivable","meaning":"not capable of being forgiven","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"forgive","meaning":"to pardon, give up resentment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gebaną","meaning":"to give","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["forgive","forgivable","forgiveness","forgiven","unforgiving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unpardonable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inexcusable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indefensible","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"9c7bdd7e-872a-4d9a-8ef1-28275f4c40ab","word":"unfortunate","definition":"Suffering from bad luck.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"infortunado","language_family":"latin","root":"fortuna","root_meaning":"chance, luck","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unfortunate","meaning":"suffering from bad luck","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"fortunate","meaning":"lucky","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortunatus","meaning":"prosperous, lucky","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortuna","meaning":"chance, luck","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fortune","misfortunate","happen","luck","opportunity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unlucky","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regrettable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hapless","formality":"literary"},{"word":"pitiable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"9f95c110-3483-4343-860f-55e9951ef7d1","word":"unfortunately","definition":"It is a pity that; regrettably.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"desafortunadamente","language_family":"latin","root":"fortuna","root_meaning":"chance, luck","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unfortunately","meaning":"It is a pity that; regrettably","children":[{"era":"15th C.","word":"unfortunate","meaning":"not fortunate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"14th C.","word":"fortunate","meaning":"prosperous","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortuna","meaning":"chance, luck","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*bher-","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (Late)"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fortunate","fortune","unlucky","fate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"regrettably","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sadly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alas","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"a8849e13-68ea-4b3e-a8f7-967125d938e6","word":"ungrateful","definition":"Not feeling or showing gratitude.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ingrato","language_family":"latin","root":"gratia","root_meaning":"grace, favor, thanks","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷerH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ungrateful","meaning":"not feeling or showing gratitude","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"14th Century","word":"grateful","meaning":"pleasing, thankful","children":[{"era":"13th Century","word":"grat","meaning":"thankful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gratus","meaning":"pleasing, thankful","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*gʷerH-","meaning":"to praise","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gratitude","grace","ingrate","gratuitous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thankless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unappreciative","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"churlish","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"611e841b-9bbf-4117-88ca-00a0f8c89186","word":"unhappy","definition":"Feeling or showing sorrow; not happy.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + happi","root_meaning":"not lucky/fortunate","root_language":"Old English + Middle English","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unhappy","meaning":"Feeling or showing sorrow; not happy.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"happi","meaning":"lucky, fortunate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"happ","meaning":"luck, chance","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["happy","hapless","happen","perhaps"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"miserable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"downcast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"a007194f-a000-4740-b95a-0e4cf8b283d2","word":"unharmed","definition":"Unharmed means not injured or damaged.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hearm","root_meaning":"injury, damage, grief","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*harmaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unharmed","meaning":"not injured or damaged","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"harmed","meaning":"injured or damaged","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hearm","meaning":"injury, harm, grief","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*harmaz","meaning":"harm, grief, pain","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["harm","harmless","harmful","harmfully","harmed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uninjured","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intact","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unscathed","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:23.510Z"}
{"id":"b3fb06ff-a1de-4f27-8f12-d1d0928b5ea0","word":"unhealthy","definition":"Unhealthy means not healthy or likely to harm physical or mental well-being.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*hailaz","root_meaning":"whole, sound, uninjured","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unhealthy","meaning":"not healthy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"healthy","meaning":"in good health","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"health","meaning":"state of being whole or sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hailaz","meaning":"whole, sound, uninjured","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["health","healthy","healthful","unhealthiness","unhealthily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unwell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sickly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T06:22:35.261Z"}
{"id":"f450f371-a3ff-45c6-b5c0-b3867d743ff2","word":"unicorn","definition":"A mythical horse-like creature with a single horn.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"unicornio","language_family":"latin","root":"ūnicornis","root_meaning":"one-horned","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unicorn","meaning":"a mythical horse-like creature with a single horn","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Middle English unicorne","meaning":"the medieval English form","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Anglo-Norman unicorne","meaning":"the French source form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin ūnicornis","meaning":"one-horned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ūnus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"cornū","meaning":"horn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unicorns","unicorne","unicornic","unicornish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"monoceros","formality":"technical"},{"word":"mythical beast","formality":"literary"},{"word":"fantastic creature","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"743dd9f1-1dce-486d-bb86-b06619921e39","word":"uniform","definition":"Remaining the same in all cases and at all times; unvarying in form or character.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"uniforme","language_family":"latin","root":"uniformis","root_meaning":"having one form","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"15th century","word":"uniform","meaning":"having one form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uniformis","meaning":"having one form","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ūnus","meaning":"one","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*oi-no-","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"forma","meaning":"shape, form","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"},"related_words":["unify","conformity","formation","informal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"consistent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"homogeneous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"c0e2fa53-65e6-4e98-b574-852385091dff","word":"unify","definition":"To make or become united, uniform, or whole.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"unificar","language_family":"latin","root":"unus","root_meaning":"one","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oinos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unify","meaning":"to make united","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"unificare","meaning":"to make one","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unit","union","united","university","unique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"integrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consolidate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"8e145966-ec01-4680-a686-300185e459c5","word":"unimaginable","definition":"Too extreme or extraordinary to be conceived or believed possible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inimaginable","language_family":"latin","root":"imaginari","root_meaning":"to picture to oneself","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*aim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unimaginable","meaning":"impossible to conceive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"negation prefix","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"imaginable","meaning":"capable of being imagined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imaginabilis","meaning":"capable of being pictured","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imaginari","meaning":"to picture to oneself","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"imago","meaning":"image, likeness, copy","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*aim-","meaning":"to copy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["imagine","imagination","imaginative","imaginary","imagery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inconceivable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unthinkable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"incomprehensible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mind-boggling","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"9759b598-10fe-415d-8357-48a655e79a19","word":"union","definition":"The state of being united; a joining or merging of separate entities.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"unión","language_family":"latin","root":"unio","root_meaning":"unity, oneness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"union","meaning":"state of being united","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"union","meaning":"joining together","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unio","meaning":"unity, oneness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unite","unity","unionist","reunion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merger","formality":"formal"},{"word":"alliance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"joining","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"37891289-c49d-496b-b3d1-e7a60113e5cf","word":"unique","definition":"Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"único","language_family":"latin","root":"unicus","root_meaning":"single, sole","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oino-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unique","meaning":"one of a kind","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"unique","meaning":"sole, only","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unicus","meaning":"single, sole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unit","unite","unity","uniqueness","unique"],"synonyms":[{"word":"singular","formality":"formal"},{"word":"distinctive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"one-of-a-kind","formality":"informal"},{"word":"unusual","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"9adad1db-3e9a-46e1-ad92-1391e596002e","word":"unit","definition":"A single distinct thing regarded as an individual or component of a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"unidad","language_family":"latin","root":"unitas","root_meaning":"unity, oneness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unit","meaning":"single distinct thing","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"unité","meaning":"unity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unitas","meaning":"oneness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unity","unite","unify","union","unique","uniform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"element","formality":"formal"},{"word":"component","formality":"technical"},{"word":"piece","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"173aee0a-c1b9-46ed-a6c3-33d9e150be53","word":"unite","definition":"To come or bring together into a single entity or for a common purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"unir","language_family":"latin","root":"unire","root_meaning":"to make one","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unite","meaning":"to join into one","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"uniten","meaning":"to join, combine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unire","meaning":"to make one, join","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unus","meaning":"one","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*oi-no-","meaning":"one, unique","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["union","unity","unit","unified","unison","reunion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"merge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"consolidate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"join","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coalesce","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"a350816c-a598-4b6c-9629-11bdfdb48c00","word":"united","definition":"Joined together; combined as one; brought into agreement.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"unido","language_family":"latin","root":"unitus","root_meaning":"joined together, unified","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"united","meaning":"joined together","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"united","meaning":"joined, unified","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"unite","meaning":"to join, unite","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unitus","meaning":"made one, unified","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unite","unity","union","unify","unified"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"joined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unified","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"f1cdb17b-8f3c-43bd-a185-c9d8448d7dbf","word":"units","definition":"Individual, distinct things regarded as single complete items that can be counted or measured.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"unidades","language_family":"latin","root":"unitas","root_meaning":"oneness or unity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"units","meaning":"individual countable items","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"unit","meaning":"single thing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unitas","meaning":"oneness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unit","unity","unite","unique","unison"],"synonyms":[{"word":"items","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elements","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pieces","formality":"informal"},{"word":"components","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.848Z"}
{"id":"7b6470c0-37d9-4ae9-9a2c-4189b824146b","word":"unity","definition":"The state of being united or joined as a whole.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"unidad","language_family":"latin","root":"ūnitās","root_meaning":"oneness, singularity","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oi-no-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unity","meaning":"The state of being united or joined as a whole.","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"unité","meaning":"unity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ūnitās","meaning":"oneness, singularity","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unite","unison","unique","uniform"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oneness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cohesion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solidarity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harmony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"577243a6-e8c0-4e69-8073-4826f8b8ae02","word":"universal","definition":"Relating to or applicable to all or the whole of something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"universal","language_family":"latin","root":"universalis","root_meaning":"of all things, whole","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"universal","meaning":"relating to all things","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"universalis","meaning":"of all things, whole","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"universus","meaning":"whole, entire","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uni","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"versus","meaning":"turned toward","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["universe","university","universality","universalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"global","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"general","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"comprehensive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"all-encompassing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.830Z"}
{"id":"28ef7f8b-ae83-440f-aa5d-9cc53b06dd01","word":"universe","definition":"All existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"universo","language_family":"latin","root":"universum","root_meaning":"the whole world, the universe","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂eyw-es-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"universe","meaning":"all existing matter and space","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"univers","meaning":"the universe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"universum","meaning":"the whole world, the universe","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"unus","meaning":"one","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"versus","meaning":"turned","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (past participle)"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unity","university","converse","diverse","reverse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cosmos","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"galaxy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creation","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"c449e679-65a5-4309-8262-bdcfebed41be","word":"university","definition":"An institution of higher education providing undergraduate and graduate studies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"universidad","language_family":"latin","root":"universitas","root_meaning":"wholeness, whole, collective body","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"university","meaning":"institution of higher learning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"university","meaning":"collective body of scholars","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"université","meaning":"learned society","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"universitas","meaning":"whole, universal community","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["universal","universe","university","universality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"college","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"institution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"academy","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"22d13033-fed7-4cee-8c69-8e8db880306e","word":"unjust","definition":"Not fair, right, or just.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"injusto","language_family":"latin","root":"iūstus","root_meaning":"just; lawful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unjust","meaning":"not fair, right, or just","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"just","meaning":"fair; lawful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin iūstus","meaning":"lawful; just","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["just","justice","injustice","unjustly","unjustifiable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unfair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inequitable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wrongful","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T10:28:11.025Z"}
{"id":"b747e962-3309-4f5d-8b03-d9e8b0025820","word":"unknown","definition":"Not known, recognized, or familiar; of uncertain identity or character.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"know","root_meaning":"to perceive, recognize","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unknown","meaning":"not known","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"unknown","meaning":"not known or recognized","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"known","meaning":"recognized, perceived","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*gno-","meaning":"to know, perceive","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["know","known","knowledge","unknowingly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unidentified","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfamiliar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"obscure","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.151Z"}
{"id":"47f74365-998d-4d78-8201-c55e31a85c8c","word":"unleash","definition":"To free something from restraint or allow it to act with full force.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"laxus","root_meaning":"loose, slack","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unleash","meaning":"to free something from restraint or allow it to act with full force","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"reversive prefix meaning \"not\" or \"reverse the action\"","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"leash","meaning":"a tether or binding strap","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"laisse","meaning":"a leash or tether","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"laxus","meaning":"loose, slack","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["leash","unleashed","unleashing","unleasher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"release","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"free","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liberate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"99ed0dba-0e85-489d-9b3a-553fcca99d22","word":"unless","definition":"Except if; only if not.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English on les","root_meaning":"on a smaller condition","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unless","meaning":"except if","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"onles","meaning":"on less condition","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"on les","meaning":"on a smaller/lesser condition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["less","unless","except","if"],"synonyms":[{"word":"except","formality":"formal"},{"word":"if not","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provided not","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.045Z"}
{"id":"118dc46b-93e2-4061-b032-cd58fff53529","word":"unlike","definition":"Not similar to something or someone; different from.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"līc","root_meaning":"body, form, similar","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*lik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unlike","meaning":"not similar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"līc","meaning":"like, similar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*lik-","meaning":"body, form, similar","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","likely","likeness","dislike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dissimilar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"different","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disparate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"082c300c-307c-4aaf-8646-973fea1e6c31","word":"unlikely","definition":"Not likely to happen, be true, or be successful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un-, líkr/gelīc","root_meaning":"not, similar","root_language":"Old English/Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ne-, *leig-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unlikely","meaning":"Not likely to happen, be true, or be successful.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*ne-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1100s-1500s","word":"likely","meaning":"probable, similar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"líkligr","meaning":"likely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"líkr","meaning":"like, similar","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*leig-","meaning":"to bind, tie","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gelīclīc","meaning":"like, similar","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gelīc","meaning":"like, similar","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*leig-","meaning":"to bind, tie","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["like","likeness","unlike","likelihood","probable","likely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"improbable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doubtful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:16.210Z"}
{"id":"9ed3e415-3cfc-4f20-9ca6-2f8cab4d112a","word":"unlimited","definition":"Not restricted or limited in extent, amount, or number.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"ilimitado","language_family":"latin","root":"limitare","root_meaning":"to bound, confine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*leim-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unlimited","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"17th C","word":"limited","meaning":"having limits","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"limit","meaning":"boundary","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"limite","meaning":"boundary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limes","meaning":"boundary, path","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"limitare","meaning":"to bound, confine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["limit","confine","bound","illimitable","limitless","unrestricted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boundless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infinite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unrestricted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"2671fe28-296d-4880-a41c-9e0fb594bfd3","word":"unload","definition":"To remove a load or cargo from a vehicle or container.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*laidō","root_meaning":"leading, way","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*leyt-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unload","meaning":"to remove cargo from a vehicle or container","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"a prefix meaning not or reverse","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"load","meaning":"cargo; to place cargo on something","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"lode","meaning":"burden; load","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"lād","meaning":"course, journey; way; leading, carrying","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*laidō","meaning":"leading, way","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*leyt-","meaning":"to go, go forth, die","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["load","loaded","loading","loader","offload","reload"],"synonyms":[{"word":"offload","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discharge","formality":"formal"},{"word":"empty","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T21:28:01.026Z"}
{"id":"4564fc2f-a796-40ea-829c-e35487150256","word":"unlucky","definition":"Having or bringing bad luck.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + luck + -y","root_meaning":"not + chance/fortune + characterized by","root_language":"Old English / Middle Dutch","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1300s","proto_root":"*ni- / *lukną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unlucky","meaning":"having bad luck","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"luck","meaning":"fortune","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*lukną","meaning":"to seize, to catch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Middle Dutch/Low German"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"characterized by","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["luck","lucky","unluckily","luckless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unfortunate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hapless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ill-fated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"c0896b27-99ba-423c-865a-d66adee1bea6","word":"unmarried","definition":"Not married.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + married","root_meaning":"not married","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unmarried","meaning":"not married","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"married","meaning":"joined in marriage","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"marry","meaning":"to wed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritāre","meaning":"to marry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"maritus","meaning":"married; husband","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["marry","married","marriage","unwed","single"],"synonyms":[{"word":"single","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unwed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"celibate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"6302aa3b-1b08-4903-ace8-d466f0f6264d","word":"unnatural","definition":"Not natural or contrary to nature.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"naturalis","root_meaning":"of birth; natural","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unnatural","meaning":"not natural or contrary to nature","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"modern","word":"natural","meaning":"natural","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"naturalis","meaning":"of birth; natural","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"natura","meaning":"birth; nature","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["natural","naturally","naturalize","nature"],"synonyms":[{"word":"artificial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"synthetic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perverse","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"b0c92d15-ad3e-4165-b756-cac1e4630908","word":"unnecessarily","definition":"Unnecessarily means in a way that is not needed or required.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"necessarius","root_meaning":"necessary; indispensable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unnecessarily","meaning":"in a way that is not needed or required","children":[{"era":"current","word":"unnecessary","meaning":"not necessary","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"necessary","meaning":"needed; required","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French necessaire","meaning":"necessary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin necessarius","meaning":"necessary; indispensable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin necesse","meaning":"necessary; unavoidable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["necessary","unnecessary","necessity","necessitate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"needlessly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"needlessly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"superfluously","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"dbd8fd3a-44be-490a-b434-66d433998b89","word":"unnecessary","definition":"Not needed; more than is needed or wanted.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"innecesario","language_family":"latin","root":"necesse","root_meaning":"unavoidable, indispensable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unnecessary","meaning":"Not needed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"necessary","meaning":"needed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"necessarius","meaning":"unavoidable, indispensable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"necesse","meaning":"unavoidable, indispensable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["necessary","necessity","necessitate","necessarily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"superfluous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"redundant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"needless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unessential","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"dcd47776-ce62-4944-87df-6371cc231b8a","word":"unnoticed","definition":"Not seen, recognized, or given attention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"noticia","language_family":"latin","root":"notitia","root_meaning":"knowledge, notice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ǵneh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unnoticed","meaning":"not seen, recognized, or given attention","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"noticed","meaning":"observed or given attention","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"notice","meaning":"attention or observation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"notitia","meaning":"knowledge; notice; acquaintance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["notice","noticed","noticeable","noticeably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unseen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overlooked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ignored","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"d74e1252-96ec-4b60-9c8c-d3a34892b871","word":"unprecedented","definition":"Not done or experienced before; without a prior example.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"precedente","language_family":"latin","root":"praecedere","root_meaning":"to go before","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ked-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unprecedented","meaning":"not done or experienced before","children":[{"era":"late Middle English","word":"precedent","meaning":"an earlier example or authority","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praecedens / praecedentem","meaning":"preceding; going before","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"prae- + cedere","meaning":"before + to go, yield","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["precedent","precede","preceding","unprecedentedly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unmatched","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"novel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unheard-of","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"cbc68867-b9b4-4b0d-b2d7-3d3ec7d73f46","word":"unpredictable","definition":"Not able to be foreseen or known in advance; uncertain.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"impredecible","language_family":"latin","root":"praedicare","root_meaning":"to declare, make known in advance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*deik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unpredictable","meaning":"not able to be predicted","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1500s","word":"predict","meaning":"to foretell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"praedicare","meaning":"to declare publicly, foretell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"pre-","meaning":"before","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, tell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"},{"era":"1100s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of, worthy of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"-abilis","meaning":"capable of being","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["predict","prediction","predictability","unpredicted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unforeseeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erratic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"capricious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"random","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"b910a43d-e682-4f2d-b16b-268d3ee963ea","word":"unprofessional","definition":"Not characteristic of professional standards; amateurish or unbusinesslike.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"profesional","language_family":"latin","root":"professio","root_meaning":"public declaration; avowal; occupation","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unprofessional","meaning":"not characteristic of professional standards","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; reverse of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"professional","meaning":"relating to a profession or showing professional standards","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"profession","meaning":"vowed occupation; declaration of belief or calling","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"professio","meaning":"public declaration, avowal","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["professional","profession","professionally","professionalism","professionalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amateurish","formality":"informal"},{"word":"unbusinesslike","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unpolished","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"9793851e-a89a-4eaa-abd8-b3cfe63f39de","word":"unreal","definition":"Not real; imaginary, false, or seeming to exist only in the mind.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"realis","root_meaning":"real, actual","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"late antiquity","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unreal","meaning":"not real; imaginary, false, or seeming to exist only in the mind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"negative prefix","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"real","meaning":"real, actual","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"realis","meaning":"real, actual","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["real","reality","realism","realize","unreality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imaginary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fictitious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"illusory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"cf4b4d64-edd3-47c8-ad22-52c353bc1f92","word":"unrelated","definition":"Not connected, associated, or derived from the same source.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"relatus","root_meaning":"brought back; referred","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unrelated","meaning":"not connected or associated","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"related","meaning":"connected or associated","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"relate","meaning":"connect or tell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"relatus","meaning":"brought back; referred","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["relate","relation","relative","relativity","correlate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unconnected","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disconnected","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unassociated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"eb090393-65de-47af-89cc-9210e83bd062","word":"unsafe","definition":"Not free from danger, risk, or harm; likely to cause injury or damage.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + safe","root_meaning":"not + unharmed, secure","root_language":"Old English / Old French","root_era":"pre-1100 / 1200s","proto_root":"*ne-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unsafe","meaning":"not safe; dangerous","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ne-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"safe","meaning":"uninjured, free from danger","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"sauf","meaning":"safe, saved","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"salvus","meaning":"whole, uninjured","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["safety","safely","safeguard","unsafely","failsafe","ensafe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dangerous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hazardous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"perilous","formality":"literary"},{"word":"risky","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"bea5090e-e0c0-473f-8196-e164c75e83a2","word":"unseen","definition":"Not seen or visible.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sēon","root_meaning":"see","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*seh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unseen","meaning":"not seen or not visible","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"seen","meaning":"perceived by sight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"see","meaning":"to perceive with the eyes","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-en","meaning":"past participle ending","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["see","seen","seeing","seer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hidden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unobserved","formality":"formal"},{"word":"concealed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"invisible","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"146fcf9c-b6fd-4d15-960f-a7dba139d248","word":"unspeakable","definition":"So extreme, horrifying, or sacred as to be incapable of being expressed adequately in words.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"sprecan","root_meaning":"to speak, to utter","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*spreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unspeakable","meaning":"too extreme to be expressed in words","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"un- + speakable","meaning":"not able to be spoken","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"negative prefix","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"specan / sprecan","meaning":"to speak","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*sprekanan","meaning":"to speak","children":[{"era":"3000s BCE","word":"*spreg-","meaning":"to make a sound, to speak","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["speak","speech","speaker","speakable","unspoken"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ineffable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inexpressible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"indescribable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unutterable","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"19b5411e-af1f-44fa-a984-e44b116eefc0","word":"unstable","definition":"Not firm or steady; liable to change.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inestable","language_family":"latin","root":"stabilis","root_meaning":"firm, steady","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unstable","meaning":"not firm or steady","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"stable","meaning":"firm, steady","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"stabilis","meaning":"firm, steady","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stability","stabilize","stable","establish","constabulary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unsteady","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"volatile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fickle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:10:47.611Z"}
{"id":"306a9ad3-b434-410e-bb3a-588a7da79546","word":"unstoppable","definition":"Impossible to stop or prevent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"stoppian","root_meaning":"to stop up, obstruct, stifle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unstoppable","meaning":"impossible to stop or prevent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"stop","meaning":"to block or halt","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stoppian","meaning":"to stop up, obstruct, stifle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-able","meaning":"able to be","children":[],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["stop","stoppable","stopping","stopper","stoppage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"irrepressible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indomitable","formality":"literary"},{"word":"unbeatable","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"6db39a45-e9a9-41b4-8ab0-54f5c680212c","word":"unsubscribe","definition":"To remove oneself from a mailing list or similar service by indicating a desire to no longer receive communications.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"subscribere","root_meaning":"to write underneath, sign","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*sek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unsubscribe","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1400s","word":"subscribe","meaning":"to sign, to agree","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"subscribere","meaning":"to write underneath, sign","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"sub-","meaning":"under","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"scribere","meaning":"to write","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*sek-","meaning":"to cut, to follow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["subscribe","subscription","subscriber","script","inscription"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opt out","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cancel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"de-list","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"f1101bc7-fb49-4e32-aff2-41d9d496863f","word":"unsure","definition":"Not confident or certain about something; lacking assurance or conviction.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"un- + securus","root_meaning":"not free from care","root_language":"Old English + Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unsure","meaning":"not confident or certain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not, opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"sure","meaning":"certain, safe","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"seur","meaning":"safe, secure","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"securus","meaning":"free from care, safe","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sure","surely","insecure","assure","reassure","uncertain"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncertain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"doubtful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hesitant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dubious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"ac7666f8-7f95-4601-9953-39ce15cfd3b2","word":"unthinkable","definition":"Something unthinkable is impossible or extremely hard to imagine.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"þencan","root_meaning":"to think","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unthinkable","meaning":"impossible or extremely hard to imagine","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"think","meaning":"to form an idea or opinion in the mind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"þencan","meaning":"to think","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-able","meaning":"capable of; fit to be","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["think","thinking","thinker","thinkable","unthinking"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inconceivable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unimaginable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"impossible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"ff217d71-726d-4fe5-a07c-7a30a5772a45","word":"until","definition":"Up to the point in time or the event mentioned; till.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"unto","root_meaning":"to, towards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*und-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"until","meaning":"up to a point in time","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"until","meaning":"to that point","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"unto","meaning":"to, towards","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unto","till","till","up to"],"synonyms":[{"word":"till","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"up to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.670Z"}
{"id":"eb158b87-1acc-48aa-98a3-ee41f0858374","word":"unto","definition":"To; until; towards. (Archaic or literary)","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"und + to","root_meaning":"up to, as far as, towards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁n̥dʰer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unto","meaning":"to, until","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"unto","meaning":"up to, as far as","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"und (prefix) + to","meaning":"up to, as far as","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["until","to","under","undereath","unless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"until","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"towards","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"62884857-0708-4e01-a3d6-690a79c03c6d","word":"untrue","definition":"Not in accordance with fact or reality; false, inaccurate, or unfaithful.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"untreowe","root_meaning":"unfaithful, disloyal","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*deru-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"untrue","meaning":"false, not in accordance with fact","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"untreowe","meaning":"unfaithful, disloyal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"negation prefix","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"treowe","meaning":"faithful, loyal, steadfast","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*drewaz","meaning":"firm, solid, steadfast","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*deru-","meaning":"to be firm, solid, steadfast (also root of 'tree')","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["true","truth","untruth","truly","troth","betray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"false","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erroneous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"incorrect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mendacious","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T21:54:26.704Z"}
{"id":"d8d5f151-da5f-46c5-9802-a5d331a70c8d","word":"unusual","definition":"Not common or ordinary; remarkable or interesting.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"inusual","language_family":"latin","root":"unus","root_meaning":"one, singular","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*oinos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unusual","meaning":"Not common or ordinary; remarkable or interesting.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"un- + usual","meaning":"not usual","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"usual","meaning":"customary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ūsualis","meaning":"ordinary, customary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ūsus","meaning":"use, custom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["usual","use","abuse","utilitarian","customary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"uncommon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"1ec24635-df55-4de9-b4e0-5b22938e6031","word":"unusually","definition":"In a way that is not usual, typical, or expected.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"use, practice, custom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unusually","meaning":"in a way that is not usual or expected","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"unusual","meaning":"not usual or common","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"usual","meaning":"customary, regular","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usuālis","meaning":"customary, according to use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"use, practice, habit","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["usual","unusual","usually","usualness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exceptionally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinarily","formality":"formal"},{"word":"abnormally","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"948ae599-3b59-4a88-957f-988460c731d3","word":"unwanted","definition":"Not wanted or desired; unwelcome.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old Norse vanta","root_meaning":"to lack; need","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unwanted","meaning":"not wanted or desired","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not; opposite of","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"wanted","meaning":"desired or needed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"want","meaning":"to lack; need","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ed","meaning":"past participle suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["want","wanted","wanting","unwantedly","unwantedness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undesired","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unwelcome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unneeded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:25:14.848Z"}
{"id":"9ce82c2e-c63b-4dc8-88fb-77e357e7daa7","word":"unwell","definition":"Unwell means not in good health.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"well","root_meaning":"in good health or in good condition","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unwell","meaning":"not in good health","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"negative prefix","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"well","meaning":"healthy; in good condition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["well","well-being","wellness","unwellness","welfare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ill","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indisposed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"b58c48f2-45ba-4fc7-a080-683988be8f22","word":"unworthy","definition":"Lacking worth, merit, or deservingness.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"werþaz","root_meaning":"worthy, valuable","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unworthy","meaning":"not worthy","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"worthy","meaning":"having worth or merit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"werþaz","meaning":"worthy, valuable","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worthy","worth","worthiness","unworthily","unworthiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undeserving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meritless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unmeritorious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"f35a4d64-a6ce-4c0c-ab49-304569e27c3a","word":"unwrap","definition":"To remove the wrapping from something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrappen","root_meaning":"to fold, encircle","root_language":"Middle Low German","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*werb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"unwrap","meaning":"To remove the wrapping","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"un-","meaning":"not, reversal","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"current","word":"wrap","meaning":"to fold, enclose","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"wrappen","meaning":"to fold, encircle","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wrap","wrapper","wrapping","enfold","enclose","cover"],"synonyms":[{"word":"open","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"reveal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfold","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T01:03:21.766Z"}
{"id":"d8fb6167-40a3-4a91-aeac-86f5c9b05e7d","word":"upbeat","definition":"Optimistic and cheerful; an unaccented beat preceding an accented beat.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up + beat","root_meaning":"upwards + strike","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upbeat","meaning":"Optimistic and cheerful; an unaccented beat preceding an accented beat.","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"upbeat","meaning":"from 'up' (direction) and 'beat' (rhythm/strike)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"beat","meaning":"strike","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["downbeat","upbring","uplift","beat","rhythm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"optimistic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cheerful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"2796c3e7-e7c7-45dd-9d1a-44408bcb9b0c","word":"upbringing","definition":"The way a child is raised and educated by parents or guardians.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"bringan","root_meaning":"to bring, carry","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*bher-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upbringing","meaning":"the raising and education of a child","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"upbring","meaning":"to raise or rear","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bring","meaning":"to carry, lead, or convey","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"bringan","meaning":"to bring or carry","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*bher-","meaning":"to carry, bear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upward; in a higher position","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["bring","brought","upbring","upborne","rearing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rearing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nurture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"raising","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T15:30:31.118Z"}
{"id":"0d876bce-b5e2-4024-9313-fe39dae5294d","word":"upcoming","definition":"Appearing, happening, or coming soon.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up + come","root_meaning":"upward + to move towards","root_language":"English (compound components from Old English)","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":"*upo- + *gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upcoming","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"upcoming","meaning":"coming soon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upward","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*upp","meaning":"up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"12th century","word":"coming","meaning":"approaching","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cuman","meaning":"to come","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*kwemana","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["come","going","income","outcome","comeback","forthcoming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"forthcoming","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"impending","formality":"formal"},{"word":"imminent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"future","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"2f705c83-4b25-468a-a73e-e295f8f41242","word":"update","definition":"To make current by adding the latest information or improvements.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"up","root_meaning":"upward","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*up-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"update","meaning":"make current","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"up","meaning":"upward","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"date","meaning":"time of occurrence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"data","meaning":"given things","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["date","update","updated","updater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"modernize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"refresh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"upgrade","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"b4ea285f-f3ea-4718-a2cb-fae6c5150cbf","word":"updated","definition":"Made current or modern by adding new information or improvements.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"actualizado","language_family":"latin","root":"update","root_meaning":"to make new or current","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"updated","meaning":"made current or modern","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"update","meaning":"to make new or current","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upward or toward higher position","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"date","meaning":"to give a date to","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"data","meaning":"things given","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["update","updating","updater","dated","outdate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"refreshed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"modernized","formality":"formal"},{"word":"revised","formality":"formal"},{"word":"renewed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:07.587Z"}
{"id":"8076116f-5274-4be3-bbd2-f2898df4fd60","word":"updates","definition":"New or most recent information or versions of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Latin up + dare","root_meaning":"up + to give","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"updates","meaning":"new information or versions","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"update","meaning":"to make current or recent","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"up + date","meaning":"up + the current time","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["update","updated","updating","updater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revisions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"upgrades","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"versions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patches","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"d23a9a69-c401-4c6e-a207-8454a764fbca","word":"upgrade","definition":"To raise something to a higher standard, level, or quality.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up + grade","root_meaning":"up + step or degree","root_language":"Old English + Latin","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰradʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upgrade","meaning":"to improve to higher quality","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upward","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"grade","meaning":"step, degree, or rank","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"gradus","meaning":"step, rank, degree","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["upgraded","upgrading","upgradable","grade","gradation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"improve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enhance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"promote","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"elevate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.115Z"}
{"id":"eeea00f1-67fa-435d-8bf8-654f7737e59c","word":"uphold","definition":"To support, maintain, or defend.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"haldaną","root_meaning":"to hold, keep","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uphold","meaning":"to support, maintain, or defend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upward; aloft","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hold","meaning":"keep, grasp, or maintain","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"haldaną","meaning":"to hold, keep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hold","upheld","upholding","upholder","upholden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"support","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maintain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defend","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"b42c1a89-eb52-433c-bbe1-0fe69b2d9c75","word":"upload","definition":"To transfer data from a local system to a remote system.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"load","root_meaning":"burden, cargo","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hlaidō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upload","meaning":"To transfer data from a local system to a remote system.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"load","meaning":"burden, cargo","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hlaidō","meaning":"burden, cargo","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["download","onload","loader","overload","unloaded","loading"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transfer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transmit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"send","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T04:02:04.911Z"}
{"id":"7c408db7-231e-4f2e-9636-55d1325ae348","word":"upon","definition":"On or above a surface; at the time of; in relation to.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up","root_meaning":"up, upward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upon","meaning":"on, above, at","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"upon","meaning":"on, upon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"up, upward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["up","upper","upward","upping"],"synonyms":[{"word":"on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"on top of","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"above","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"f79d6fbb-d519-4472-ab03-fc979094dab8","word":"upper","definition":"Higher in position, rank, or authority; situated above or overhead.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"upp","root_meaning":"up, upward","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*up-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upper","meaning":"higher in position or rank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upward, toward a higher place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"upp","meaning":"up, upward","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["up","upper","uppermost","upstairs","upgrade"],"synonyms":[{"word":"higher","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"top","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superior","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:17.245Z"}
{"id":"a1fc73ec-97f7-4c4b-923b-7a0d24371a30","word":"upright","definition":"Holding a vertical or morally correct position.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*rehtaz","root_meaning":"straight, right","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₃reǵ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upright","meaning":"vertical or morally correct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"up, upward","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"upp","meaning":"up, upward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"right","meaning":"straight, correct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"riht","meaning":"straight, correct","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*rehtaz","meaning":"straight, right","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["up","right","uprightness","uprightly","upriser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vertical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"erect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"straight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"17cb8418-bd48-4ba3-b562-8b037d177e2a","word":"uprise","definition":"To rise up, rebel, or revolt.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English ūprīsan","root_meaning":"to rise up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uprise","meaning":"to rise up or revolt","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English uprisen","meaning":"to rise up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English ūprīsan","meaning":"to rise up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up- + rīsan","meaning":"prefix 'up' + 'rise'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["uprises","uprising","uprose","uprisen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revolt","formality":"formal"},{"word":"rebel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:24:22.301Z"}
{"id":"94cc39c4-4901-4ea4-ad0e-450ca206be36","word":"ups","definition":"Plural of up; instances of moving upward or positive developments.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"upp","root_meaning":"upward, up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*up","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ups","meaning":"plural of up","children":[{"era":"current","word":"up","meaning":"toward higher position","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"upp","meaning":"upward","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["up","upward","upwards","uprising"],"synonyms":[{"word":"positives","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"increases","formality":"formal"},{"word":"high points","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.853Z"}
{"id":"ef0a54e1-9a0d-47f6-abe0-4f94ffd891e8","word":"upset","definition":"To make someone unhappy, disappointed, or worried; to overturn or knock over.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up","root_meaning":"upwards","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*up","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upset","meaning":"to disturb; to overturn","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"upset","meaning":"to set up, raise up","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"settan","meaning":"to set","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["set","setting","setup","offset","onset"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disturb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overturn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agitate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"topple","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"e137d031-2421-48a9-a886-9771ad692ed9","word":"upside","definition":"The advantageous or positive aspect of a situation or thing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up + side","root_meaning":"upwards + flank, region","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*upo","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upside","meaning":"positive aspect","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"side","meaning":"flank, region","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["up","side","downside","inside","outside"],"synonyms":[{"word":"advantage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benefit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"positive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"6c2ad653-03c3-4b19-a9f1-00c13181531e","word":"upstairs","definition":"Towards or on an upper floor of a building.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up + stairs","root_meaning":"upwards + steps","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*upo, *stairaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upstairs","meaning":"on an upper floor","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"up + stairs","meaning":"towards the upper steps","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"upp","meaning":"up, upwards","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"stæger","meaning":"stair, step","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["downstairs","uphill","upward","staircase"],"synonyms":[{"word":"above","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overhead","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aloft","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"833c8b3e-7d39-4576-b7a7-c08076de2342","word":"uptight","definition":"Anxious, rigid, or excessively tense in manner or temperament.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uptight","meaning":"Anxious, rigid, or tense.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"toward a higher position or state","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"tight","meaning":"firm, tense, or compressed","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["tight","tighten","tightness","up","uptightness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tense","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nervous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anxious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strait-laced","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:26:22.200Z"}
{"id":"1dd6d91a-b191-425b-b05e-9ecce7b08671","word":"uptown","definition":"Toward or in the part of a city away from the center, especially the residential or higher-numbered district.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up town","root_meaning":"toward the upper part of town","root_language":"English","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uptown","meaning":"toward or in the upper part of a city","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"toward a higher place or position","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"town","meaning":"settlement, inhabited place","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["downtown","midtown","town","up","upstate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"northward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cityward","formality":"formal"},{"word":"toward the centerless upper district","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"b375bd4c-b6bc-451d-8ad2-a68daba45cbf","word":"upwards","definition":"In an upward direction; toward a higher place or position.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"up + weard","root_meaning":"up + toward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"upwards","meaning":"in an upward direction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"upward","meaning":"toward a higher place or position","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"up","meaning":"to a higher place or position","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ward","meaning":"toward; in the direction of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["upward","up","uphill","upstream","upturn","upswing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aloft","formality":"literary"},{"word":"skyward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"94808465-d67e-4f78-ac1d-add309dddcf5","word":"uranium","definition":"A radioactive metallic chemical element with atomic number 92.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"uranio","language_family":"greek","root":"Οὐρανός (Ouranós)","root_meaning":"sky, heaven","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uranium","meaning":"a radioactive metallic chemical element","children":[{"era":"classical / modern scientific","word":"Uranus","meaning":"the planet name borrowed from Greek Ouranos","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"uranium","meaning":"the element name formed from Uranus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Οὐρανός (Ouranós)","meaning":"sky, heaven","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"New Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["uranic","uranous","uraninite","uranate","uranography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"element 92","formality":"technical"},{"word":"actinide","formality":"technical"},{"word":"radioactive metal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"c0a02897-f2bc-4f6a-8813-9f5540ca5298","word":"urban","definition":"Relating to or characteristic of a city or large town.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"urbano","language_family":"latin","root":"urbs","root_meaning":"city","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*orbh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"urban","meaning":"relating to cities","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"urban","meaning":"of or relating to a city","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urbanus","meaning":"of a city; city-like; refined","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urbs","meaning":"city","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["urbanity","urbanize","suburb","urbane"],"synonyms":[{"word":"city","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"metropolitan","formality":"formal"},{"word":"municipal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"metropolitan","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"f604de8a-2349-4998-9a5e-c924d5f1beb0","word":"urge","definition":"To try to persuade strongly or earnestly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"urgere","root_meaning":"to press, to drive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"urge","meaning":"to persuade strongly","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urgere","meaning":"to press, drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["urgent","urgency","urgent-care","urgently"],"synonyms":[{"word":"press","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhort","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cajole","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"0d23052d-75c1-4ffe-b6a0-1efc33c52c91","word":"urgency","definition":"The quality of being urgent or requiring prompt action.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"urgencia","language_family":"latin","root":"urgere","root_meaning":"to press, drive, urge","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"urgency","meaning":"the quality of being urgent or requiring prompt action","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"urgent + -cy","meaning":"formed from urgent plus the noun-forming suffix -cy","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"urgent","meaning":"pressing; requiring immediate attention","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urgens","meaning":"pressing, urgent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urgere","meaning":"to press, drive, urge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["urgent","urgently","urge","urging","urgency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immediacy","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pressingness","formality":"formal"},{"word":"emergency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"81fe4db8-fa09-4785-aea1-9d571a492abd","word":"urgent","definition":"Requiring immediate action or attention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"urgente","language_family":"latin","root":"urgere","root_meaning":"to press, to drive, to push","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"urgent","meaning":"requiring immediate attention","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"urgent","meaning":"pressing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urgentem","meaning":"pressing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urgere","meaning":"to press, to drive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (present participle of urgere)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["urge","urgency","press","exigent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imperative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pressing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"critical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"f5112236-a18c-4d47-9ef7-1ce394e928f2","word":"urine","definition":"A watery, typically yellowish fluid stored in the bladder and discharged through the urethra.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"orina","language_family":"latin","root":"urina","root_meaning":"urine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂wers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"urine","meaning":"A watery, typically yellowish fluid stored in the bladder and discharged through the urethra","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"urine","meaning":"urine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urina","meaning":"urine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["urinal","urinary","urology","uremic","diuretic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"piss","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pee","formality":"informal"},{"word":"micturition","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"258531ab-82b4-425f-8632-043c0a945ca9","word":"url","definition":"Uniform Resource Locator; the web address that specifies the location of a resource on the internet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1994","word":"Uniform Resource Locator","meaning":"standardized internet address format","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"url","meaning":"web address","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["uri","urn","web","address"],"synonyms":[{"word":"web address","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"link","formality":"informal"},{"word":"internet address","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"0df42927-4538-4a4a-8fa3-ff81dcffbae9","word":"urn","definition":"A container, often decorative, used for holding ashes, liquids, or other contents.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"urna","language_family":"latin","root":"urna","root_meaning":"urn, jar, vessel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"urn","meaning":"a container, often decorative, used for holding ashes, liquids, or other contents","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"urne","meaning":"urn","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"urne","meaning":"urn","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"urna","meaning":"urn, vessel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["urne","urns","urnlike","urnful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vessel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jar","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"c5da0d45-957f-4a3a-8aaa-ee1148a453f3","word":"usa","definition":"Abbreviation for the United States of America.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"EUA","language_family":"other","root":"United States of America","root_meaning":"federation of North American states","root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"USA","meaning":"United States of America","children":[{"era":"1776","word":"United States of America","meaning":"federation of independent states","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"United","meaning":"joined together","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["United States","America","American","US","USDA"],"synonyms":[{"word":"United States","formality":"formal"},{"word":"America","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"US","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.316Z"}
{"id":"3b077ee1-ec45-4575-9ac1-0b04f67c351f","word":"usage","definition":"The way in which something is commonly used or employed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"uso","language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"use, practice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"usage","meaning":"way something is used","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"usage","meaning":"custom, use, manner of using","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"use, practice, custom","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uti","meaning":"to use","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","used","user","usual","usurp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"use","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"application","formality":"formal"},{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custom","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.184Z"}
{"id":"cccdb88e-86a6-468b-9e64-f1326859c5ed","word":"usb","definition":"Universal Serial Bus, a technology standard for cables and connections.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Universal Serial Bus","root_meaning":"acronym for standardized digital interface","root_language":"English acronym","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"USB","meaning":"standardized interface for digital devices","children":[{"era":"1996","word":"Universal Serial Bus","meaning":"technology standard for device connections","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Universal","meaning":"applying to all cases","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"Serial","meaning":"in a series or sequence","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"1960s","word":"Bus","meaning":"communication pathway for data","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["USB port","USB cable","USB device","USB connector"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Universal Serial Bus","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.161Z"}
{"id":"cd709873-e6df-4283-ae0c-1f58d99062cb","word":"usd","definition":"Currency code for United States Dollar.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"dollar","root_meaning":"coin","root_language":"English","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"USD","meaning":"United States Dollar currency code","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"dollar","meaning":"coin currency","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"thaler","meaning":"silver coin","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["dollar","United States","currency"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dollar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"$","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buck","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.673Z"}
{"id":"1df1b166-d1a3-4597-a90a-5dc496459286","word":"use","definition":"To employ something for a particular purpose or to consume or expend something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"uso","language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"used, accustomed, custom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"use","meaning":"to employ for a purpose","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"usen","meaning":"to use, employ","children":[{"era":"1000-1300","word":"user","meaning":"to use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"used, custom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["usage","useful","useless","user","used"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employ","formality":"formal"},{"word":"utilize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apply","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"4069c0b3-b784-43e7-9313-01532e5809f4","word":"used","definition":"Previously employed or utilized; accustomed to something through habit.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"usado","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin usus","root_meaning":"use, custom, practice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"used","meaning":"previously employed; accustomed","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"user","meaning":"to use, employ","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"use, practice, custom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","usage","useful","user"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"secondhand","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accustomed","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:52.909Z"}
{"id":"a5005584-f46b-4ac2-8290-667458ff5fc5","word":"useful","definition":"Able to be used for a practical purpose; having utility or function.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"útil","language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"use, usage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"useful","meaning":"having practical value","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"use","meaning":"to employ, to utilize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"use, practice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","usefully","usefulness","usable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"practical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"functional","formality":"formal"},{"word":"helpful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"0fe0e5f3-16e5-4823-8d86-b029a3ab41b7","word":"useless","definition":"Serving no purpose or having no advantage; without use.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"use","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₃ed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"useless","meaning":"Without use or purpose","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"use + -less","meaning":"employment of something + without","children":[{"era":"12th century/pre-1100","word":"use (from Old French us) + -less (from Old English -lēas)","meaning":"practice, custom + deprived of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"a use, a custom, enjoyment","children":[{"era":"circa 4500-2500 BCE","word":"*h₃ed-","meaning":"to eat, to bite","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French/Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["useful","usage","using"],"synonyms":[{"word":"futile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ineffective","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pointless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"c258d88d-c54c-48bc-8f27-f9ac5e5f2045","word":"user","definition":"A person who uses or operates something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"usuario","language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"used, accustomed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"user","meaning":"one who uses","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"user","meaning":"one who practices","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"user","meaning":"one who uses","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"used, employed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","usage","useful","useless","utilize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"operator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consumer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"participant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.234Z"}
{"id":"5b24bd1d-3d6e-462d-a8a0-4847d9b6e236","word":"username","definition":"A unique name or identifier used to access an account or system.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"nombre de usuario","language_family":"germanic","root":"user + name","root_meaning":"one who uses, plus a given designation","root_language":"English compound","root_era":"1900s-current","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1980s-current","word":"username","meaning":"Account identifier","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"user","meaning":"one who uses","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1000","word":"name","meaning":"designation or appellation","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["user","username field","user ID"],"synonyms":[{"word":"login","formality":"technical"},{"word":"user ID","formality":"technical"},{"word":"handle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.736Z"}
{"id":"47b70135-48b6-4db5-95e2-fbf0ab97efd4","word":"users","definition":"Plural of user; people or entities that use or operate a system, device, or application.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"usuarios","language_family":"latin","root":"uti","root_meaning":"to use","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"users","meaning":"people who use something","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"user","meaning":"one who uses","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"use","meaning":"to use or practice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uti","meaning":"to use","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","using","useful","usage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"people","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operators","formality":"formal"},{"word":"consumers","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"e59dfa98-9ddb-4332-b33d-0a9ba0ad1eeb","word":"uses","definition":"Plural of use; instances or applications of something for a purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"usos","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin usus","root_meaning":"use, usage, custom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uses","meaning":"instances of utilization","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"use","meaning":"to employ, utilize","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"use, custom","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*ud-","meaning":"to use","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","user","usable","useful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"applications","formality":"formal"},{"word":"purposes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utilizations","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"d65baaee-d3b0-433a-8c4b-d7a972ed78da","word":"using","definition":"The act of employing something for a particular purpose.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"usar","language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"used, employed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"using","meaning":"employing for a purpose","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"use","meaning":"to make use of","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"used, employed","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","user","usage","useful","usable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"applying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utilizing","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"81d1d566-2e48-4369-a251-4d3dd63dad88","word":"usr","definition":"Abbreviation for user in computing contexts.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"user","root_meaning":"one who uses","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"usr","meaning":"abbreviation for user","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"user","meaning":"one who uses","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"user","meaning":"to use, employ","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["user","usage","use","useful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"user","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.588Z"}
{"id":"c4663be9-b641-4b21-acba-916a007217f8","word":"usual","definition":"Habitually or commonly occurring or observed; normal.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"usual","language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"custom, habit, use","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical","proto_root":"*oid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"usual","meaning":"habitually occurring","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"usuel","meaning":"habitual","children":[{"era":"4th century","word":"usualis","meaning":"pertaining to use, customary","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"usus","meaning":"custom, habit, use","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["use","usage","abuse","unusual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"normal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regular","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"typical","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T08:03:40.060Z"}
{"id":"aed0d001-e874-41f3-857e-f646076b970e","word":"usually","definition":"In most cases or on most occasions; customarily or normally.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"usualmente","language_family":"latin","root":"usus","root_meaning":"use, custom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"usually","meaning":"customarily or normally","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"usually","meaning":"customarily","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usualis","meaning":"customary, usual","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"usus","meaning":"use, custom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["usual","use","usage","usurp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"normally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generally","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordinarily","formality":"formal"},{"word":"typically","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"54aed51b-ffb1-4612-a204-efba419ac8eb","word":"utah","definition":"A state in the western United States, named after the indigenous Ute people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Ute","root_meaning":"the people of the land","root_language":"Ute (Numic language)","root_era":"pre-1500","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Utah","meaning":"US state","children":[{"era":"1850s","word":"Utah","meaning":"territory/state named after Ute people","children":[{"era":"pre-1500","word":"Ute","meaning":"the people","children":[],"language":"Ute"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Ute","Utah","Utahn"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Beehive State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.426Z"}
{"id":"320ddd18-525f-4cb3-887a-fd8c17cb1c45","word":"uterus","definition":"The uterus is the hollow muscular organ in which a fetus develops, also called the womb.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"útero","language_family":"latin","root":"uterus","root_meaning":"womb; belly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"uterus","meaning":"the womb","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uterus","meaning":"womb; belly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["uterine","uterotomy","uterocervical","utero-","uterectomy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"womb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"matrix","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:46:45.421Z"}
{"id":"dbb928e6-8d52-45cc-8608-8bb438ef037e","word":"utilities","definition":"Services or companies providing essential supplies such as electricity, water, or gas to the public.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"utilidades","language_family":"latin","root":"utilis","root_meaning":"useful, serviceable","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"utilities","meaning":"essential public services or supplies","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"utility","meaning":"usefulness, practical benefit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"utilis","meaning":"useful, serviceable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["useful","utilize","utility","utilitarian","utilise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"services","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amenities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conveniences","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.129Z"}
{"id":"16d55046-9cb0-4c4d-82c9-eb182de02a65","word":"utility","definition":"The quality of being useful or practical; a public service such as electricity or water supply.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"utilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"utilitas","root_meaning":"usefulness, profit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"utility","meaning":"usefulness, service","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"utility","meaning":"usefulness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"utilitas","meaning":"usefulness, profit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"utilis","meaning":"useful, helpful","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"uti","meaning":"to use","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["useful","utilize","utilitarian","utilise","utile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"usefulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practicality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"service","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"benefit","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.689Z"}
{"id":"1439053a-27f3-42dd-af3d-b12c70b57580","word":"utilization","definition":"The action of making practical and effective use of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"utilización","language_family":"latin","root":"utilis","root_meaning":"useful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"utilization","meaning":"The action of making practical and effective use of something","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"utilisation","meaning":"usage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"utilis","meaning":"useful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["utilize","utility","useful","usability","usage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deployment","formality":"technical"},{"word":"application","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"employment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"usage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"47d1e211-5c22-489c-9c29-5a20cb46fd5b","word":"utilize","definition":"To make practical and effective use of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"utilizar","language_family":"latin","root":"utilis","root_meaning":"useful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"utilize","meaning":"To make practical and effective use of","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"utiliser","meaning":"to use","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"utilis","meaning":"useful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["utility","useful","utilitarian","utensil"],"synonyms":[{"word":"use","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"employ","formality":"formal"},{"word":"apply","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"2e757d14-b51d-4fe6-a260-bd4ca374d0cd","word":"utmost","definition":"Being at the greatest possible extent or degree.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ūt","root_meaning":"out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"utmost","meaning":"greatest; most extreme","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūtmest","meaning":"outermost; farthest out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūt","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-mest","meaning":"superlative suffix meaning 'most'","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outmost","outermost","uttermost","out","most"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extreme","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supreme","formality":"formal"},{"word":"greatest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"d715d198-e76b-4780-a9d8-66cf9a79015e","word":"utopia","definition":"An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"utopía","language_family":"greek","root":"ou + topos","root_meaning":"no place","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"ou (οὐ) + tópos (τόπος)","meaning":"Not + place. Coined by Thomas More in 1516 for his book, from Greek elements meaning 'nowhere'.","children":[{"era":"1516","word":"utopia","meaning":"An ideal, perfect society.","language":"English"},{"era":"1600s","word":"utopía","meaning":"Utopia.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["utopian","dystopia","topography"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paradise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ideal society","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Eden","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"0bdfa220-5b81-4079-9cab-5228f0ec3391","word":"utter","definition":"Complete; absolute; total, often used for emphasis.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ūtera","root_meaning":"outer, exterior","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Utter","meaning":"complete, absolute","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"utter","meaning":"outer, complete","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūtera","meaning":"outer, exterior","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūt","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outer","utmost","out","outgoing","uttermost"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complete","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absolute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"total","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sheer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:05:55.823Z"}
{"id":"1e3d5ac9-29c5-4232-9410-cf74fde33686","word":"utterly","definition":"Completely and without qualification.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ūtter","root_meaning":"outer, outward","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ud-teros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"utterly","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"utterly","meaning":"completely, absolutely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ūtter","meaning":"outer, outward (adj.)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ut","meaning":"out","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["outer","utmost","out","utter (verb)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"completely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absolutely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"entirely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"totally","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"ae7b2b6b-9ba0-4b72-a776-7c0d10e2e927","word":"vacancy","definition":"The state of being empty or unoccupied.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vacante","language_family":"latin","root":"vacare","root_meaning":"to be empty, to be idle","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vacancy","meaning":"state of being empty","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"vacant","meaning":"empty, free","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacans","meaning":"being empty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacare","meaning":"to be empty","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*wak-","meaning":"empty","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vacant","vacate","vacuum","vacuous","void"],"synonyms":[{"word":"emptiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"void","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"space","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:08:06.994Z"}
{"id":"5e73004d-3d49-4eb4-b66f-db446b496e98","word":"vacant","definition":"Empty, unoccupied, or not filled.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vacante","language_family":"latin","root":"vacare","root_meaning":"to be empty, be unoccupied, or be free","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vacant","meaning":"empty, unoccupied, or not filled","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vacant","meaning":"empty or unoccupied","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacans","meaning":"being empty or unoccupied","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacare","meaning":"to be empty, be free, or be unoccupied","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vacate","vacancy","vacuous","vacation","evacuate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"empty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unoccupied","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfilled","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:46:34.652Z"}
{"id":"9698a3c6-c2ea-47c2-aafc-a5fe907a1b43","word":"vacation","definition":"A period of rest or freedom from work, often spent traveling or relaxing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vacación","language_family":"latin","root":"vacare","root_meaning":"to be empty, be vacant","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vacation","meaning":"period of rest from work","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"vacation","meaning":"act of vacating, freedom from activity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacare","meaning":"to be empty, vacant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vacant","vacate","vacancy","vacuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"break","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holiday","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"recess","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"7859459a-f679-4d19-a78b-bc203a855e29","word":"vaccine","definition":"A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vacuna","language_family":"latin","root":"vacca","root_meaning":"cow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vaccine","meaning":"immunizing substance","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"vaccine","meaning":"from cows","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vaccinus","meaning":"of cows","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacca","meaning":"cow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vaccination","inoculate","cowpox","bovine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"immunization","formality":"technical"},{"word":"inoculation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"2afd36f2-aa84-4fe7-8dc2-86026cb6393d","word":"vacuum","definition":"A space entirely devoid of matter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vacío","language_family":"latin","root":"vacuus","root_meaning":"empty","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*H₁weh₂k-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vacuum","meaning":"a space devoid of matter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacuum","meaning":"empty space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacuus","meaning":"empty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vacare","meaning":"to be empty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vacant","vacate","vacation","evacuation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"void","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"emptiness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nothingness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"space","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"72ab9f02-80db-4d1b-9d4d-e454b41d6577","word":"vagina","definition":"The muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women and most female mammals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vagina","language_family":"latin","root":"vagina","root_meaning":"sheath, scabbard","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vagina","meaning":"The muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women and most female mammals.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vagina","meaning":"sheath, scabbard","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vaginal","invaginate","sheath","vaginismus"],"synonyms":[{"word":"birth canal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sheath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pudendum","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tract","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"72109ec4-9d77-4500-b230-533ddb7100e4","word":"vague","definition":"Of uncertain, indefinite, or unclear character or meaning.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vago","language_family":"latin","root":"vagus","root_meaning":"wandering, roaming, indefinite","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vague","meaning":"unclear, indefinite","children":[{"era":"15th century","word":"vague","meaning":"empty, vague","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vagus","meaning":"wandering, roaming, indefinite","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vagary","vagrant","equivocate","extravagant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unclear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indefinite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hazy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ambiguous","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"d4bf25eb-34a4-41a5-96dc-163784f3d755","word":"vaguely","definition":"In a vague, imprecise, or uncertain way.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"vago","language_family":"latin","root":"vagus","root_meaning":"wandering; uncertain; vague","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vaguely","meaning":"in a vague or imprecise way","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"vague","meaning":"unclear; indefinite","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vague","meaning":"uncertain; vague","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vagus","meaning":"wandering; uncertain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adverb-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vague","vagueness","vaguer","vaguish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"imprecisely","formality":"formal"},{"word":"roughly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"somewhat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unclearly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:49:45.028Z"}
{"id":"49631af9-2e1b-47c8-88a7-28aeb7e4c7ad","word":"vain","definition":"Having or showing an excessively high opinion of one's appearance, abilities, or worth.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vano","language_family":"latin","root":"vanus","root_meaning":"empty, idle, foolish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vain","meaning":"conceited, useless","children":[{"era":"12th C.","word":"vain","meaning":"empty, worthless","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vanus","meaning":"empty, idle, foolish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vanity","vanish","evanescent","vacuous","void"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conceited","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"proud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"futile","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"useless","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"e8c9572a-cd7f-4a56-a148-f27eb4876021","word":"vale","definition":"A valley, especially in poetic or literary use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"valle","language_family":"latin","root":"vallis / valles","root_meaning":"valley","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vale","meaning":"a valley, especially in poetic or literary use","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"vale","meaning":"valley","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"val","meaning":"valley","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vallis / valles","meaning":"valley","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valley","vales","vallis","valles","valleyed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"valley","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dale","formality":"literary"},{"word":"glen","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"92f5c752-b15f-4879-bf56-adaf6f1635a0","word":"valentine","definition":"A card sent, often anonymously, to a person one loves or is attracted to, on Valentine's Day.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Valentín","language_family":"latin","root":"Valentinus","root_meaning":"strong, healthy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"valentine","meaning":"A card sent to a loved one on Valentine's Day.","children":[{"era":"Middle Ages","word":"Saint Valentine","meaning":"name of a Roman saint","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Valentinus","meaning":"a Roman cognomen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valens","meaning":"strong, healthy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong, well","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*wal-","meaning":"to be strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valiant","value","valid","valence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sweetheart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beloved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admirer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T09:04:27.310Z"}
{"id":"95739ebc-ea7e-4efc-9c84-b174009f0816","word":"valet","definition":"A valet is a male servant or personal attendant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"vassallus","root_meaning":"retainer; servant","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"valet","meaning":"male servant or personal attendant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"valet","meaning":"servant; attendant","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"vaslet","meaning":"young man; servant","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"vassallus","meaning":"retainer; servant","children":[],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vassal","vassalage","valetage","valet-de-chambre"],"synonyms":[{"word":"attendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"servant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manservant","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:25:56.215Z"}
{"id":"b0219e3b-0a06-4f9f-ba9a-7fe55cd3ae42","word":"valid","definition":"Based on or using valid reasoning; legally or officially acceptable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"válido","language_family":"latin","root":"validus","root_meaning":"strong, powerful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal- (PIE for be strong, rule)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"valid","meaning":"legally or logically acceptable","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"valid","meaning":"of legal force, effective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"validus","meaning":"strong, powerful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["validity","validate","invalid","valor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"legitimate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acceptable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.237Z"}
{"id":"a745e3e7-9d06-42fd-b965-a23fe211baff","word":"validation","definition":"The act of checking or proving the validity or accuracy of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"validación","language_family":"latin","root":"validatio","root_meaning":"a making strong, validity","root_language":"Medieval Latin","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"validation","meaning":"the act of checking or proving validity","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"validacion","meaning":"validation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"validatio","meaning":"a making strong, validity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"validus","meaning":"strong, powerful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wal-","meaning":"to be strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valid","validate","validity","valor","prevail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confirmation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"verification","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corroboration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"authentication","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:04:12.852Z"}
{"id":"dd7020b1-a8a9-4201-84aa-7590b9f9424c","word":"validity","definition":"The quality of being logically or factually sound; the state of being legally or officially acceptable.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"validez","language_family":"latin","root":"validus","root_meaning":"strong, powerful, effective","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"validity","meaning":"The quality of being logically or factually sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"validitas","meaning":"strength, soundness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"validus","meaning":"strong, effective","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wal-","meaning":"to be strong","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valid","value","valiant","prevail","equivalent","invalid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"soundness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"legitimacy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"accuracy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"e228a65a-9e4a-46be-b031-6ab811f2dc0b","word":"valley","definition":"A low-lying area of land between hills or mountains.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"valle","language_family":"latin","root":"vallis","root_meaning":"valley, dell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"valley","meaning":"low-lying area between hills","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"valley","meaning":"valley, dale","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vallis","meaning":"valley, dell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vale","valleylike","valleys","vallies"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dale","formality":"literary"},{"word":"dell","formality":"literary"},{"word":"vale","formality":"literary"},{"word":"lowland","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"93bbf781-2bb8-4cfe-bb80-f01c8691d93b","word":"valuable","definition":"Having great worth or importance.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"valioso","language_family":"latin","root":"valere","root_meaning":"to be strong, be worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"valuable","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"c. 1300","word":"valuable","meaning":"having value","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"valoir","meaning":"to be worth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong, be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["value","valid","brave","prevail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"precious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"costly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"important","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:02:04.027Z"}
{"id":"092b2a98-0d20-444a-93fe-7ed0571d1bbc","word":"valuation","definition":"The act of estimating or determining the worth or value of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"valuación","language_family":"latin","root":"valere","root_meaning":"be strong, be worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"valuation","meaning":"Act of determining worth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"valuacion","meaning":"valuation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"valuatio","meaning":"a valuing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong, be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["value","evaluate","invaluable","valid","valor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"appraisal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assessment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estimation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pricing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"22d9c468-dae7-4c43-9645-928fae2b87e5","word":"value","definition":"The monetary worth or usefulness of something, or principles and standards of behavior.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"valor","language_family":"latin","root":"valere","root_meaning":"to be strong, to be worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"value","meaning":"worth, merit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"valoir","meaning":"to be worth","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong, to be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["valuable","valuer","valiant","valor"],"synonyms":[{"word":"worth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"price","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"2c241e8a-d3dd-43fe-930e-c2f5e2ea06df","word":"values","definition":"Principles or standards of behavior, or the estimated worth of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"valores","language_family":"latin","root":"valere","root_meaning":"to be strong, be worth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wal- (to be strong)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"values","meaning":"principles and worth","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"value","meaning":"worth, excellence","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valere","meaning":"to be strong, be worth","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["value","valuable","valuation","equivalent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"principles","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ideals","formality":"formal"},{"word":"worth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"2b859e16-88b2-4976-918d-9bbae00a3e84","word":"valve","definition":"A device for controlling the passage of fluid or air through a pipe or duct, especially an automatic device allowing movement in one direction only.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"válvula","language_family":"latin","root":"valva","root_meaning":"folding door","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"valve","meaning":"device controlling fluid flow","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"valve","meaning":"leaf of a folding door","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"valva","meaning":"one leaf of a folding door","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["valvular","revolve","involve","evolve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stopcock","formality":"technical"},{"word":"gate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tap","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"e2937ad2-497f-47dc-bdbd-574aa92764e3","word":"vampire","definition":"A mythical creature said to subsist by feeding on the life essence, typically blood, of the living.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vampiro","language_family":"other","root":"vampir","root_meaning":"vampire","root_language":"Serbian","root_era":"1700s (English adoption)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vampire","meaning":"Mythical blood-sucking creature","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"vampire","meaning":"vampire","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Vampir","meaning":"vampire","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"vampir","meaning":"vampire","children":[{"era":"pre-900","word":"ǫpyrь","meaning":"vampire","children":[],"language":"Proto-Slavic"}],"language":"Serbian"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vampiric","vampirism","ghoul","revenant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ghoul","formality":"literary"},{"word":"bloodsucker","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"87b3e280-6072-4d8c-a7d3-df396a5b2520","word":"van","definition":"A vehicle with an enclosed body used for transporting goods or passengers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"caravan","root_meaning":"company of travelers","root_language":"Persian/Arabic","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"van","meaning":"transport vehicle","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"van","meaning":"short for caravan","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"caravan","meaning":"company of travelers","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["caravan","caravan","convoy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vehicle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"truck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"minibus","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.824Z"}
{"id":"eb2a8ff2-dd12-4b58-81d9-a43779ce55dd","word":"vandalism","definition":"The deliberate destruction or damage of property belonging to others or to the public.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vandalismo","language_family":"germanic","root":"Vandalus","root_meaning":"member of the Vandals, the Germanic tribe that sacked Rome in 455 AD","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"400s","proto_root":"*wandilaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vandalism","meaning":"willful destruction of property","children":[{"era":"1794","word":"vandalisme","meaning":"wanton destruction of art and culture; coined by Abbé Henri Grégoire during the French Revolution","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Vandale","meaning":"member of the Vandal tribe; destructive person","children":[{"era":"400s","word":"Vandalus","meaning":"member of the Germanic Vandal people","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*wandilaz","meaning":"the wanderer; tribal name","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vandal","vandalize","vandalise","vandalistic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"destruction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defacement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sabotage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desecration","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:47:57.388Z"}
{"id":"09511a09-cda0-4259-b95f-f93a3d99f809","word":"vanilla","definition":"A flavoring obtained from the pods of a tropical climbing orchid.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vainilla","language_family":"latin","root":"vainilla","root_meaning":"little pod","root_language":"Spanish","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"vanilla","meaning":"Flavoring from orchid pods.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"vainilla","meaning":"Little pod, vanilla bean.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vaina","meaning":"Sheath, pod.","children":[{"era":"~100 BC","word":"vagina","meaning":"Sheath, pod.","language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["vanilla bean"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plain","formality":"informal"},{"word":"standard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"basic","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"922b4c1a-f96d-46b8-a29f-92027ab8234d","word":"vanish","definition":"Disappear suddenly and completely.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"desvanecer","language_family":"french","root":"evanuir","root_meaning":"to disappear, vanish","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":"*h₂ewh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vanish","meaning":"disappear suddenly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"evanuir","meaning":"to disappear, vanish","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"evanescere","meaning":"to vanish, disappear","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ex- + vanus","meaning":"out + empty","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["evanescent","vain","vacuum","vacant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disappear","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dissolve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"evaporate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:11:41.608Z"}
{"id":"08d14e3e-c64b-4361-afb6-9482a1780858","word":"vanity","definition":"Excessive pride in or admiration of one's own appearance or achievements.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vanidad","language_family":"latin","root":"vanus","root_meaning":"empty, idle, worthless","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁weh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vanity","meaning":"excessive pride","children":[{"era":"12th C.","word":"vanité","meaning":"emptiness, foolishness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vanitas","meaning":"emptiness, frivolity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vanus","meaning":"empty, idle","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vain","vanish","vacuum","evanish","vaunt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conceit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"narcissism","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arrogance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"09877e0a-84a7-45fd-b0d8-6a17763407d0","word":"var","definition":"An abbreviation or variable used in computing, or a unit of reactive power in electrical engineering.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"variable","root_meaning":"subject to change, varying","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1950s","word":"var","meaning":"abbreviation for variable","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"variable","meaning":"subject to change","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"variabilis","meaning":"changeable, inconstant","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["variable","variation","variance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"variable","formality":"technical"},{"word":"volt-ampere reactive","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.633Z"}
{"id":"7b8a4188-01ac-4c72-b033-9861ca4afbf2","word":"variable","definition":"Something that is liable to change or varies in value or quantity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"variable","language_family":"latin","root":"variabilis","root_meaning":"changeable, liable to vary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"variable","meaning":"liable to change","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"variable","meaning":"changeable","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"variabilis","meaning":"changeable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vary","variable","variation","variably"],"synonyms":[{"word":"changeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inconsistent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fluctuating","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inconstant","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.591Z"}
{"id":"294eae3c-bc80-4b3d-bd1f-6acb82e61874","word":"variance","definition":"The fact or quality of being different, divergent, or inconsistent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"varianza","language_family":"latin","root":"variare","root_meaning":"to change","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"variance","meaning":"difference, discrepancy","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"variance","meaning":"change, difference","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"variantia","meaning":"difference, variety","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"variare","meaning":"to change, to vary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vary","variant","variation","diverse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discrepancy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"divergence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"inconsistency","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:10:58.197Z"}
{"id":"d1028a7d-e230-4c12-b700-ced02fb78e6f","word":"variation","definition":"A change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"variación","language_family":"latin","root":"variare","root_meaning":"to vary","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"variation","meaning":"A change or difference.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"variation","meaning":"change, difference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"variatio","meaning":"change, difference","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"variare","meaning":"to vary","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vary","variant","variable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"difference","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alteration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deviation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"d9d817e7-f328-4fc4-a00c-47394a513751","word":"variety","definition":"The quality of being different, diverse, or varied; a number of different types or kinds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"variedad","language_family":"latin","root":"varietas","root_meaning":"diversity, changeableness","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"variety","meaning":"diversity, different types","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"varietie","meaning":"diversity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"varietas","meaning":"diversity, changeableness","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["varied","various","variegated","variance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"diversity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assortment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mixture","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"range","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"0afc5b31-d6c6-4932-9f01-cd7d154e9f94","word":"various","definition":"Differing from one another; of different kinds.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vario","language_family":"latin","root":"varius","root_meaning":"varied, changeable, diverse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1300s","word":"various","meaning":"varied, diverse","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"varius","meaning":"varied, changeable","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"},"related_words":["vary","variance","variable","variation","variety"],"synonyms":[{"word":"different","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"diverse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"miscellaneous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assorted","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"fe5a7e82-5734-488a-8aa6-bb311ea73cd9","word":"vary","definition":"To differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"variar","language_family":"latin","root":"variare","root_meaning":"to change, make diverse","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wai-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vary","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"varier","meaning":"to vary","children":[],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"classical","word":"variare","meaning":"to change, make diverse","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["various","variable","variety","variant","variation"],"synonyms":[{"word":"differ","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"change","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fluctuate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:03:40.109Z"}
{"id":"b1caffc5-b3ca-4115-b02f-8113fe67d942","word":"vast","definition":"Of very great extent or quantity; immense.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vasto","language_family":"latin","root":"vastus","root_meaning":"empty, desolate, immense","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wasto-","etymology_tree":{"era":"16th century","word":"vast","meaning":"immense","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"vaste","meaning":"wide, empty","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vastus","meaning":"empty, desolate, immense","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vastness","devastate","waste","wasteland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enormous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"huge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"immense","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"e2b51bee-1cca-41ee-8c9b-10be98d0902e","word":"vat","definition":"A large tank or tub used for holding liquids, especially in industrial processes.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*fatą","root_meaning":"vessel, container","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ped-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vat","meaning":"large tank","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fæt","meaning":"vessel, vat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fatą","meaning":"vessel, container","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fat","barrel","tub"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tank","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cistern","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"135287ba-23f0-47f2-967a-fe8b216140b7","word":"vault","definition":"A large room or chamber used for storage, especially an underground one.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"bóveda","language_family":"latin","root":"volte","root_meaning":"a turn, a vault","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*welh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vault","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"volte","meaning":"a turn, a vault","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"volūta","meaning":"a turning, a scroll","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"volvere","meaning":"to roll","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*welh₁-","meaning":"to turn, roll","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revolve","volume","convoluted","volley","vaulting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crypt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cellar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strongroom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"3984523b-dec7-4636-83f1-0cc8bbf5beaf","word":"veal","definition":"Meat from a calf.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"vitellus","root_meaning":"little calf","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"veal","meaning":"meat from a calf","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"veel","meaning":"calf; veal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vitellus","meaning":"little calf","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vitulus","meaning":"calf","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vitellus","vitelline","vitelliform","vituline"],"synonyms":[{"word":"calf meat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"calf flesh","formality":"literary"},{"word":"white meat","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"1d5d89b7-1d74-44f3-91db-b2e6f057e47d","word":"vector","definition":"A vector is a quantity having direction as well as magnitude.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vector","language_family":"latin","root":"vector","root_meaning":"carrier, bearer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vector","meaning":"quantity with direction and magnitude","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vector","meaning":"carrier, bearer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vehere","meaning":"to carry","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vehicle","convey","invective","travel","way"],"synonyms":[{"word":"direction","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnitude","formality":"technical"},{"word":"pointer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T11:02:57.210Z"}
{"id":"040b5999-9aaf-4c1d-ac27-134bdeda04b5","word":"vegas","definition":"Plural of vega; fertile plains or meadows.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vegas","language_family":"latin","root":"veica","root_meaning":"meadow or lowland","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vegas","meaning":"fertile lowlands","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"vega","meaning":"meadow, lowland plain","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"veica","meaning":"lowland, plain","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vega","Las Vegas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"plains","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meadows","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"deb4aec3-3346-44e8-9492-2ca8594732b5","word":"vegetable","definition":"A plant or part of a plant used as food.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vegetal","language_family":"latin","root":"vegetabilis","root_meaning":"animating, enlivening, growing","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vegetable","meaning":"a plant used as food","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"vegetable","meaning":"growing, living","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vegetabilis","meaning":"animating, enlivening (from vegetare 'to enliven, grow')","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vegetus","meaning":"lively, active (from vegere 'to enliven, arouse')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vegetation","vegan","vigorous","vital","animate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greens","formality":"informal"},{"word":"plant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"963cd4f6-caa7-40f4-8370-2ec22e72cbd7","word":"vegetarian","definition":"A person who does not eat meat, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vegetariano","language_family":"latin","root":"vegetabilis","root_meaning":"animating, enlivening","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"vegetarian","meaning":"person not eating meat","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"vegetable","meaning":"plant grown for food","children":[{"era":"post-classical","word":"vegetabilis","meaning":"animating, enlivening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vegetare","meaning":"to enliven, grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"classical","word":"-ian","meaning":"belonging to","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vegetable","vegan","vegetation","verdant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"herbivore","formality":"technical"},{"word":"meat-abstainer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"4dd75928-e9ae-4ac3-9c8f-553719b4e7d8","word":"vegetation","definition":"Plants in general, or the process of growing as a plant.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vegetación","language_family":"latin","root":"vegetare","root_meaning":"to enliven, grow","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vegetation","meaning":"plants in general","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"végétation","meaning":"growth, plant life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vegetatio","meaning":"enlivening, quickening","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vegetare","meaning":"to enliven, grow","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vegetable","vegetative","vegetate","invigorate","vigorous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"flora","formality":"technical"},{"word":"plant life","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greenery","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"e38d46ce-66e8-4be4-9566-10c9073a5f67","word":"vehicle","definition":"A conveyance designed to transport people or cargo on land, water, or air.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vehículo","language_family":"latin","root":"vehiculum","root_meaning":"a conveyance, a carriage","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vehicle","meaning":"a conveyance for transport","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"vehicle","meaning":"a conveyance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vehiculum","meaning":"a carriage, conveyance","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vehicular","convey","carriage","transport"],"synonyms":[{"word":"car","formality":"informal"},{"word":"conveyance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transport","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.953Z"}
{"id":"b53232f6-4f74-402b-8748-d01bb6ebb2cc","word":"vehicles","definition":"Machines designed or used for transporting people or goods, especially on land.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vehículos","language_family":"latin","root":"vehiculum","root_meaning":"carriage, conveyance","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vehicles","meaning":"machines for transport","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"vehicle","meaning":"means of transport or conveyance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vehiculum","meaning":"carriage, conveyance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vehere","meaning":"to carry, convey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vehicle","vehicular","conveyance","transport"],"synonyms":[{"word":"transportation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transport","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.972Z"}
{"id":"c00aab75-dd3c-4066-990e-70dbd960d5e4","word":"veil","definition":"A piece of fine material worn by women to protect or conceal the face.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"velo","language_family":"french","root":"velum","root_meaning":"sail, covering","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"veil","meaning":"a covering for the face","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"veile","meaning":"veil","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"velum","meaning":"sail, curtain, covering","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["unveil","revealed","velate","velum","velarium"],"synonyms":[{"word":"covering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"screen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shroud","formality":"literary"},{"word":"mantle","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"fd48be01-e4a8-4e37-9477-2c611b732264","word":"vein","definition":"Any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vena","language_family":"latin","root":"vena","root_meaning":"blood vessel","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₁weh₁-n-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vein","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"veine","meaning":"vein","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vena","meaning":"blood vessel, channel","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["venous","venation","avenue","vanilla","vent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blood vessel","formality":"technical"},{"word":"lode","formality":"technical"},{"word":"streak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"7289a7cd-709a-4cac-82ac-abd26f605b2c","word":"velocity","definition":"The speed of something in a given direction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"velocidad","language_family":"latin","root":"vēlōcitās","root_meaning":"swiftness, speed","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"velocity","meaning":"The speed of something in a given direction.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vēlōcitās","meaning":"swiftness, speed","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vēlōx","meaning":"swift, rapid","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swift","rapid","accelerate","decelerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"speed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:27.220Z"}
{"id":"23efa4bd-9bb8-40c2-828a-7d1562484614","word":"velvet","definition":"A type of woven fabric with a short, dense pile, giving it a soft, smooth surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"villus","root_meaning":"shaggy hair, nap","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"velvet","meaning":"a soft fabric","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"velvett","meaning":"velvet","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"veluete","meaning":"velvet, shaggy cloth","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"velu","meaning":"hairy, shaggy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"villus","meaning":"shaggy hair, nap","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["villi","villous","nap","pile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"corduroy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"suede","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"30ff6d91-fadd-45d6-a222-3241e858a356","word":"vend","definition":"To sell or offer for sale.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"vender","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin vendere","root_meaning":"to sell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vend","meaning":"to sell","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Middle English venden","meaning":"to sell","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Old French vendre","meaning":"to sell","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin vendere","meaning":"to sell","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vendor","vendee","vendible","vendition","vending"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"market","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peddle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"42f29bdb-52f5-4c2e-b47a-4915e04f3067","word":"vendetta","definition":"A prolonged and bitter feud or revenge campaign, especially between families or groups.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"venganza","language_family":"latin","root":"vindicta","root_meaning":"vengeance; punishment","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vendetta","meaning":"a bitter feud or revenge campaign","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"vendetta","meaning":"revenge","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vindicta","meaning":"vengeance; claim; punishment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vindicare","meaning":"to claim, avenge, vindicate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vindicate","vindication","vengeance","revenge","avenger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feud","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blood feud","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"86757212-5373-4655-8051-bc95dcc8bae2","word":"vendor","definition":"A person or business that sells goods or services.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vendedor","language_family":"latin","root":"vendere","root_meaning":"to sell","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1600s","word":"vendor","meaning":"one who sells","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"vendor","meaning":"seller, merchant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vendere","meaning":"to sell, offer for sale","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vend","vendor","vendee","vendible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merchant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dealer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"supplier","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.024Z"}
{"id":"695397b2-f572-4107-b342-54fd6e541f2e","word":"vengeance","definition":"Punishment inflicted in return for an injury or offense.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"venganza","language_family":"french","root":"vengier","root_meaning":"to avenge, take revenge","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vengeance","meaning":"retaliatory punishment","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vengeance","meaning":"revenge, retribution","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vindicare","meaning":"to claim, avenge","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avenge","revenge","vindicate","retaliate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"revenge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retribution","formality":"formal"},{"word":"reprisal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"2d65c509-114d-45a6-8816-63d09013f283","word":"venom","definition":"A poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes, spiders, and scorpions, typically injected into prey or aggressors by biting or stinging.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"veneno","language_family":"latin","root":"venenum","root_meaning":"poison, drug","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"venom","meaning":"poison","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"venim","meaning":"poison","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"venenum","meaning":"poison, drug","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["venomous","envenom","venenate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poison","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toxin","formality":"technical"},{"word":"virulence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:15:05.981Z"}
{"id":"1bd311a8-c419-47ee-a89d-f75939f09bc5","word":"ventilation","definition":"The replacement or circulation of air in a space, especially by a system that brings in fresh air.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ventilación","language_family":"latin","root":"ventus","root_meaning":"wind","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*h₂weh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ventilation","meaning":"the replacement or circulation of air in a space","children":[{"era":"current","word":"ventilate","meaning":"to supply or move fresh air through a space","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ventilatio","meaning":"a fanning or winnowing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ventus","meaning":"wind","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ventilate","ventilator","ventilating","ventilated","ventilatory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"airing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aeration","formality":"technical"},{"word":"airflow","formality":"technical"},{"word":"draft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:36:33.363Z"}
{"id":"fc461dcf-394e-44f1-ad4f-0d3e49fbc382","word":"venture","definition":"A risky or daring journey or undertaking.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aventura","language_family":"latin","root":"ventura","root_meaning":"things about to come, fortune","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷem-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"venture","meaning":"risky undertaking","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"aventure","meaning":"chance, accident, event, undertaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"ventura","meaning":"things about to come","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"venire","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["adventure","advent","event","convene","intervention"],"synonyms":[{"word":"undertaking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enterprise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gamble","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:03:54.845Z"}
{"id":"68cc7cd5-0866-4546-9f53-f468c72309a3","word":"venue","definition":"The place where something happens or is arranged to happen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"venue","root_meaning":"a coming, arrival","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"venue","meaning":"The place where something happens or is arranged to happen","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"venue","meaning":"a coming, arrival (legal term)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"venire","meaning":"to come","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["convenience","intervene","covenant","advent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"location","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"site","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"setting","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"2e56ff14-709d-47d6-a78f-9ebc7dc3c25e","word":"verbal","definition":"Relating to or in the form of words, whether spoken or written.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"verbal","language_family":"latin","root":"verbum","root_meaning":"word","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*were-","etymology_tree":{"era":"15th Century","word":"verbal","meaning":"of or relating to words","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"verbalis","meaning":"of words","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"verbum","meaning":"word","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["verb","verbatim","verbose","vocabulary","verbiage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spoken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lexical","formality":"technical"},{"word":"articulated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"dfb8c297-ff0a-47b8-aa47-fbb820154788","word":"verdict","definition":"A decision on a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"veredicto","language_family":"french","root":"verdit","root_meaning":"true saying","root_language":"Anglo-Norman French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*weh₁-ro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"verdict","meaning":"A decision on a disputed issue.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"verdit","meaning":"true saying","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vere dictum","meaning":"truly said","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"verus","meaning":"true","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*weh₁-ro-","meaning":"true","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"dicere","meaning":"to say, to speak","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*deik-","meaning":"to show, point out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["verify","dictionary","dictate","prediction"],"synonyms":[{"word":"judgment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ruling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decision","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"447c73b1-83a8-4eb9-b0c5-061dc86ea328","word":"verge","definition":"An edge or border.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"virga","root_meaning":"rod, staff, twig","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"verge","meaning":"edge or border","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"verge","meaning":"rod, staff","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virga","meaning":"rod, staff, twig","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["rod","wand","verger","diverge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"edge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"border","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"threshold","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"2822534c-025e-49e3-90c8-f065752a0bb3","word":"verification","definition":"The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"verificación","language_family":"latin","root":"verus facere","root_meaning":"to make true","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"verification","meaning":"The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"verificatio(n-)","meaning":"a making true","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"verificare","meaning":"to make true","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"verus","meaning":"true","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"classical","word":"facere","meaning":"to make, do","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["verify","true","factual","validity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confirmation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"validation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"corroboration","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authentication","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"b6457bb0-ce7a-4868-b64f-c16b2d6b93e7","word":"verify","definition":"To confirm the truth or accuracy of something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"verificar","language_family":"latin","root":"verificare","root_meaning":"to make true","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*were-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"verify","meaning":"To confirm the truth or accuracy of something","children":[{"era":"14th C","word":"verifier","meaning":"to verify","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"verificare","meaning":"to make true","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["verification","verifiable","very","verity","verdict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"confirm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authenticate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"substantiate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"5cc4bf0f-937d-4d36-9e98-f9db68ccc22d","word":"verse","definition":"Writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"verso","language_family":"latin","root":"versus","root_meaning":"a row, line, turn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"verse","meaning":"line of poetry","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"vers","meaning":"line of poetry","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"versus","meaning":"a line, furrow, row","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["version","invert","diverse","university"],"synonyms":[{"word":"poetry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stanza","formality":"technical"},{"word":"rhyme","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"3255755c-7d2b-483c-a2a4-2d5dbf6ada86","word":"version","definition":"A particular form or variant of something; an account or description from a specific perspective.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"versión","language_family":"latin","root":"vertere","root_meaning":"to turn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"version","meaning":"a variant form or account","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"version","meaning":"turning, translation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"versio","meaning":"a turning, translation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["verse","vertex","vertical","versatile","convert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"variant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rendition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"account","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.105Z"}
{"id":"a492474e-ca75-412b-93df-fb1ef0e25984","word":"vertex","definition":"The highest point of something; the apex or summit, or a point where lines or edges meet in geometry.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vértice","language_family":"latin","root":"vertex","root_meaning":"whirlpool, crown of the head, peak","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vertex","meaning":"highest point, geometric point","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertex","meaning":"whirlpool, crown of the head, peak","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invert","convert","verse","vertigo","versatile","vortex"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apex","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"summit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"peak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"6c8cbe08-09ae-4fe9-b91a-8b9b867aa2c1","word":"vertical","definition":"At right angles to a horizontal plane; upright.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vertical","language_family":"latin","root":"verticalis","root_meaning":"pertaining to the vertex","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"late antiquity","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vertical","meaning":"upright","children":[{"era":"late antiquity","word":"verticalis","meaning":"pertaining to the vertex","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertex","meaning":"highest point, top","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vertex","invert","convert","divert","verse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perpendicular","formality":"technical"},{"word":"erect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"5274f007-6142-4ea0-9707-98e9bd971514","word":"very","definition":"To a great degree; extremely or in actual fact.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"veraz","language_family":"french","root":"verai","root_meaning":"true, genuine","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"very","meaning":"to a great degree; truly","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"very","meaning":"true, genuine, truly","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"verai","meaning":"true, genuine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"verus","meaning":"true, genuine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["verify","veracity","verity","verdict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"extremely","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remarkably","formality":"formal"},{"word":"awfully","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.785Z"}
{"id":"5ae93a07-98f7-4821-ab34-0873cf6938da","word":"vessel","definition":"A ship or large boat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vasija","language_family":"latin","root":"vascellum","root_meaning":"small container, small vase","root_language":"Late Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wā(s)-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vessel","meaning":"A ship or large boat.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"vessel","meaning":"container, ship","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vascellum","meaning":"small container","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vase","vascular","vasculum"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ship","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"craft","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"container","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"6bce81b7-a9a9-4b6f-820f-b4b7691bad50","word":"vest","definition":"A sleeveless garment worn over a shirt, typically under a jacket.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vestir","language_family":"latin","root":"vestis","root_meaning":"garment, clothing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vest","meaning":"A sleeveless garment worn over a shirt.","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"vest","meaning":"garment","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vestis","meaning":"garment, clothing","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*wes-","meaning":"to clothe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vestment","divest","invest","travesty"],"synonyms":[{"word":"waistcoat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gilet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bodice","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"1962b8b8-fa2d-46e7-9232-4eee4f1d471b","word":"vet","definition":"To make a careful and critical examination of something or someone.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"veterinarius","root_meaning":"of draft animals","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vet","meaning":"to examine thoroughly","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"vet","meaning":"short for veterinarian","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"veterinarian","meaning":"animal doctor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"veterinarius","meaning":"of draft animals","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vetus","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["veterinarian","veteran","veterinary","vetting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scrutinize","formality":"formal"},{"word":"examine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"check","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"bcf3f447-ce2d-44c7-915b-db764767039a","word":"veteran","definition":"A person who has had long experience in a particular field, especially in military service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"veterano","language_family":"latin","root":"vetus","root_meaning":"old","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wet-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"veteran","meaning":"experienced person","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"veteran","meaning":"old, experienced","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vetus","meaning":"old","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["veterinarian","inveterate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seasoned","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"old hand","formality":"informal"},{"word":"campaigner","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"ec9966f1-8359-4f01-b38d-2cc0c31e6e1b","word":"veterinary","definition":"Relating to the medical care and treatment of animals.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"veterinario","language_family":"latin","root":"veterinus","root_meaning":"of draught animals","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"veterinary","meaning":"relating to animal medical care","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"veterinarius","meaning":"of beasts of burden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"veterinus","meaning":"beast of burden","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["veterinarian","vet","veterinal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"animal medicine","formality":"technical"},{"word":"zoological","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"fcbdbc27-3f61-409d-b2f3-f13f5ae4efa6","word":"vhs","definition":"An abbreviation for VHS (Video Home System), a standard analog video cassette tape format for consumer use.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Video Home System","root_meaning":"a video recording format for home use","root_language":"English","root_era":"1976","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"VHS","meaning":"Video Home System format","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Video","meaning":"I see","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"900s","word":"Home","meaning":"dwelling place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"classical","word":"System","meaning":"organized procedure","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["VCR","videotape","cassette","tape"],"synonyms":[{"word":"videotape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"video cassette","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tape","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.044Z"}
{"id":"091c51ae-48bb-41a9-9b9c-49929c356645","word":"via","definition":"by way of; by means of a specified person or place.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":"vía","language_family":"latin","root":"via","root_meaning":"way, road, journey","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegh","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"via","meaning":"by way of, through","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"via","meaning":"way, road, street","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"via","meaning":"way, path","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*wegh","meaning":"to go, move, convey","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["viaduct","vial","voyage","convey","way"],"synonyms":[{"word":"through","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"by way of","formality":"formal"},{"word":"using","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.601Z"}
{"id":"8a56b6b9-29da-4053-91b7-44c490f3c2ed","word":"vibe","definition":"A person's emotional state or the atmosphere of a place as communicated to and felt by others.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vibración","language_family":"latin","root":"vibrāre","root_meaning":"to shake, to oscillate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyb-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vibe","meaning":"emotional state","children":[{"era":"17th C","word":"vibration","meaning":"oscillating motion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vibratio","meaning":"shaking","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vibrāre","meaning":"to shake","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vibrate","vibrator","vibrational","vibrant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aura","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"atmosphere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feeling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ambiance","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:22:59.477Z"}
{"id":"35302fd7-a8a8-4f98-b435-0e143d46ad56","word":"vibrate","definition":"Move or cause to move continuously and rapidly to and fro.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"vibrar","language_family":"latin","root":"vibrāre","root_meaning":"to shake, to swing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vibrate","meaning":"Move or cause to move continuously and rapidly to and fro.","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"vibrer","meaning":"to vibrate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vibrāre","meaning":"to shake, to swing","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vibration","vibrator","vibrancy","vibes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"quiver","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tremble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oscillate","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:06:06.693Z"}
{"id":"c075eb2b-94a6-4f17-a999-dc2fc723f7b0","word":"vibration","definition":"A rapid shaking or oscillation, especially one that produces sound or an intuitive feeling.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vibración","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin vibrare","root_meaning":"to quiver; shake","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weip-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vibration","meaning":"a rapid back-and-forth motion; an intuitive feeling or signal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vibration","meaning":"a shaking; a brandishing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vibrare","meaning":"to set in tremulous motion; shake","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*weip-","meaning":"to turn, vacillate, tremble ecstatically","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vibrate","vibrant","vibrato","vibrational","vibratory"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oscillation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tremor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quiver","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T03:31:07.267Z"}
{"id":"26f3fed8-03c6-4e59-b90c-32ad88297d50","word":"vicar","definition":"A representative or deputy of a bishop or other ecclesiastic, or a minister in charge of a parish.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vicario","language_family":"latin","root":"vicarius","root_meaning":"substitute, deputy","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vicar","meaning":"A representative or deputy of a bishop or other ecclesiastic, or a minister in charge of a parish.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vicaire","meaning":"vicar","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vicarius","meaning":"substitute, deputy, delegate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vicis","meaning":"change, turn, succession","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vicarious","vice-","vicissitude","deputy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clergyman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pastor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"curate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"8f98063d-361b-4a9e-acda-7a52ac29327c","word":"vice","definition":"Immoral or wicked behavior; depravity or a bad habit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vicio","language_family":"latin","root":"vitium","root_meaning":"fault, defect, blemish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vice","meaning":"immoral behavior","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vice","meaning":"fault, depravity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vitium","meaning":"fault, defect","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vicious","viciously","vitiousness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"depravity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"immorality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wickedness","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.283Z"}
{"id":"e282e6f6-6f62-4e65-8a03-37d93d326708","word":"vicinity","definition":"The area near a place or the state of being near.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vecino","language_family":"latin","root":"vīcīnus","root_meaning":"neighboring","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyḱ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vicinity","meaning":"the area near a place; nearness","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"vicinity","meaning":"nearness; neighboring area","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vīcīnitās","meaning":"neighborhood, nearness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vīcīnus","meaning":"neighboring, nearby","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vīcus","meaning":"village, district","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vicinal","vicinage","vicinity","vicinity law","vicious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"proximity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"neighborhood","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nearness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"ba1a1570-fe2c-4235-ad95-843cf832192a","word":"vicious","definition":"Deliberately cruel or violent.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vicioso","language_family":"latin","root":"vitium","root_meaning":"fault, defect, vice","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vicious","meaning":"Deliberately cruel or violent.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vicious","meaning":"depraved, wicked","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vitiosus","meaning":"faulty, depraved","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vitium","meaning":"fault, defect, vice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vice","vitiate","malicious","vicariously"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cruel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wicked","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brutal","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"90ed01a9-31c8-40ba-8f87-963141da7f6b","word":"victim","definition":"A person who has been attacked, injured, robbed, or killed by someone else.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"víctima","language_family":"latin","root":"victima","root_meaning":"sacrificial animal","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"victim","meaning":"one who suffers","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"victime","meaning":"sacrificial animal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victima","meaning":"animal for sacrifice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["sacrifice","victimize","victor","vanquish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"casualty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sufferer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"target","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"ffa69deb-dc18-49f3-b067-281751e42fd2","word":"victor","definition":"A person who defeats an opponent or achieves success in a contest or struggle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"victor","language_family":"latin","root":"victor","root_meaning":"conqueror","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"victor","meaning":"conqueror","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victor","meaning":"conqueror","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["victory","invincible","vanquish","convince"],"synonyms":[{"word":"winner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conqueror","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"champion","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"b968f3c3-9da0-4545-b99d-24935093966c","word":"victoria","definition":"A victory or triumph; also a name given to a type of open carriage or to places and people.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"victoria","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin victoria","root_meaning":"victory, conquest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"victoria","meaning":"victory, triumph, or a type of carriage","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"victoria","meaning":"victory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victoria","meaning":"victory, triumph","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["victory","victorious","victor","Victorian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"triumph","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conquest","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.102Z"}
{"id":"6085547c-a7db-4b9b-93e2-67e475bece93","word":"victorian","definition":"Relating to the period of Queen Victoria's reign (1837–1901), characterized by a distinctive style or attitudes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"Victoria","root_meaning":"victory","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":"*weyk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"victorian","meaning":"relating to Queen Victoria","children":[{"era":"classical (root)","word":"Victoria","meaning":"victory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victor","meaning":"conqueror","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*weyk-","meaning":"to conquer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin (proper name)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["victory","victor","vanquish","convict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prudish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"traditional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"old-fashioned","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:04:57.351Z"}
{"id":"11d7a94a-5e0f-4be6-b19e-5bb23ee520c9","word":"victorious","definition":"Having won a contest, struggle, or battle.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"victorioso","language_family":"latin","root":"victoriosus","root_meaning":"victorious","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"victorious","meaning":"having won a contest, struggle, or battle","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victoriosus","meaning":"victorious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victoria","meaning":"victory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victor","meaning":"a conqueror or winner","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer or overcome","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*weyk-","meaning":"to overcome","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["victory","victor","victoriously","victoriousness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"triumphant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"winning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"successful","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"8256e8fe-6f1c-4143-bfe2-0ce22a212fa7","word":"victory","definition":"An act of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or other competition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"victoria","language_family":"latin","root":"victoria","root_meaning":"victory, triumph","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"victory","meaning":"an act of defeating an opponent","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"victorie","meaning":"victory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victoria","meaning":"victory, triumph","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"victor","meaning":"conqueror","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["victorious","victor","vanquish","convict"],"synonyms":[{"word":"triumph","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"win","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"success","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conquest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T10:02:46.952Z"}
{"id":"7dde3d6a-0ec0-406b-bd01-fdb797be3a56","word":"video","definition":"A recording or broadcast of moving images, typically with sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"video","language_family":"latin","root":"videre","root_meaning":"to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid- (to see)","etymology_tree":{"era":"1930s","word":"video","meaning":"recording or broadcast of moving images","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"video","meaning":"I see","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["videotape","videophone","video game","videotext"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recording","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"film","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"footage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"motion picture","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.582Z"}
{"id":"51a0a4c2-398e-498d-9f67-75ccc15e4312","word":"videos","definition":"Plural of video; recordings of moving images typically with sound, or devices for playing such recordings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"video","language_family":"latin","root":"video","root_meaning":"I see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"videos","meaning":"recordings of moving images","children":[{"era":"1960s","word":"video","meaning":"recording of moving images","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"video","meaning":"I see","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*wid-","meaning":"to see, to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["video","videotape","videodisc","vision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"recordings","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"films","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"footage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:05:56.114Z"}
{"id":"a7e0ea3a-762d-4b42-9389-671174d8b419","word":"videotape","definition":"A recording of moving images made or stored on tape.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"videotape","meaning":"a recording of moving images made or stored on tape","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"video","meaning":"I see","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vidēre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1200s","word":"tape","meaning":"a narrow strip or band","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"tappe","meaning":"strip; band","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["video","videotaped","videotaping","videotapes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"video recording","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tape recording","formality":"technical"},{"word":"recording","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T09:31:39.012Z"}
{"id":"61967e44-c14c-4af7-9e68-151953c2cedd","word":"view","definition":"The act of looking at something or the sight or prospect of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vía","language_family":"latin","root":"videre","root_meaning":"to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"view","meaning":"sight, perspective","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vue","meaning":"view, sight","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["view","visual","video","vision","review"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perspective","formality":"formal"},{"word":"outlook","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:01:56.516Z"}
{"id":"f06d6d8e-ba07-41bd-ba16-59bb31308143","word":"viewed","definition":"Past tense of view; looked at or considered something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"veue","root_meaning":"sight, appearance","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"viewed","meaning":"past tense of view","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"view","meaning":"to look at","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"veue","meaning":"sight, appearance","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["view","viewer","viewpoint","overview"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watched","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"regarded","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.980Z"}
{"id":"04179260-89af-4c82-8205-8eb8aeed89af","word":"viewing","definition":"The act of looking at or watching something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"view","root_meaning":"to look, sight","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wid- (to see)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"viewing","meaning":"act of looking","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"view","meaning":"to look, behold","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vue","meaning":"sight, view","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["view","viewer","viewpoint","views","preview"],"synonyms":[{"word":"watching","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"observation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"looking","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sight","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.579Z"}
{"id":"499a1086-f190-4a5a-a951-c03d7caab648","word":"views","definition":"Opinions or beliefs; things seen or looked at from a particular perspective.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vistas","language_family":"french","root":"voir","root_meaning":"to see","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"views","meaning":"opinions or sights","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"view","meaning":"act of seeing or opinion","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"veue","meaning":"sight, appearance","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["view","viewer","viewing","viewpoint"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opinions","formality":"formal"},{"word":"perspectives","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sights","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.287Z"}
{"id":"4ac7d518-16a5-42ca-a522-29c18032c4a0","word":"vigilante","definition":"A person who takes the law into their own hands, often acting as an unofficial enforcer.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vigilante","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin vigil","root_meaning":"awake, watchful","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vigilante","meaning":"a person who takes the law into their own hands, often acting as an unofficial enforcer","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"vigilante","meaning":"watchful person; self-appointed enforcer","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vigilans","meaning":"watching, awake","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vigil","meaning":"awake, watchful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wegʰ-","meaning":"to be lively, awake","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vigil","vigilant","vigilance","vigilantly","vigilantism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"watchman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sentinel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"self-appointed enforcer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"a08d8021-74a5-486d-a0bf-b6fa5ebf2319","word":"viking","definition":"A member of the Norse seafaring warriors who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the 9th to the 11th centuries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"víkingr","root_meaning":"sea-expedition, pirate, raider","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"viking","meaning":"Norse warrior","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"víkingr","meaning":"sea raider, participant in a sea voyage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"vík","meaning":"bay, inlet","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Norse","fjord","berserk","longship","runic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Norseman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"marauder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"raider","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"c6aebc94-0ea9-47a4-856b-42bdfa66cd72","word":"vile","definition":"Extremely unpleasant or morally bad.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vil","language_family":"latin","root":"vilis","root_meaning":"cheap, worthless, base","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vile","meaning":"extremely unpleasant or bad","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vil","meaning":"vile, base","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vilis","meaning":"cheap, worthless, base","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vilify","villain","revile","ignoble","sordid","base"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disgusting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"foul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"abhorrent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"despicable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"f9d184c6-9963-4878-9ab8-4b387fe37d9c","word":"villa","definition":"A large and luxurious country house in its own grounds.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"villa","language_family":"latin","root":"villa","root_meaning":"country house, farm","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"villa","meaning":"luxurious country house","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"villa","meaning":"country house, farm, estate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["village","villain","villein"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mansion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"estate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"countryside","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T06:02:47.732Z"}
{"id":"62c0089d-b21f-418f-bfcb-e1efcbb676c0","word":"village","definition":"A small community or settlement, typically smaller than a town.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aldea","language_family":"french","root":"villa","root_meaning":"country house, estate","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"village","meaning":"small settlement","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"village","meaning":"collection of houses","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"villa","meaning":"country house, estate","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["villa","villain","village","villager"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hamlet","formality":"formal"},{"word":"settlement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"town","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"52e8c211-e4f9-461b-be19-17f262d8bed9","word":"villain","definition":"A character in a story, movie, etc., who does bad things.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"villano","language_family":"french","root":"villain","root_meaning":"feudal serf, peasant","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*weik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"villain","meaning":"A character who does bad things","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"villain","meaning":"feudal serf, peasant","children":[{"era":"500-800","word":"villanus","meaning":"farm servant","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"villa","meaning":"country house, farm","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["village","villa","vile","churl"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scoundrel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rogue","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"antagonist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:03:54.901Z"}
{"id":"7c97c39f-aa8e-4bed-896b-d35f3559e692","word":"vince","definition":"(Archaic or poetic) To conquer or overcome.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"vencer","language_family":"latin","root":"vincere","root_meaning":"to conquer","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vince","meaning":"(Archaic or poetic) To conquer or overcome.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vincere","meaning":"to conquer","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vanquish","convince","evince","victor","invincible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conquer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"overcome","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vanquish","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"025b9b67-2c27-4368-b4af-ec92e7b0d087","word":"vine","definition":"A climbing or trailing plant with a long stem, especially one such as a grapevine.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"viña","language_family":"latin","root":"vīnea","root_meaning":"vineyard, grapevine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vine","meaning":"a climbing or trailing plant with a long stem, especially one such as a grapevine","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"vine","meaning":"vine, grapevine","children":[{"era":"1100s-1300s","word":"vigne","meaning":"vine, grapevine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vīnea","meaning":"vineyard, grapevine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vineyard","vinery","vining","vinous","vined"],"synonyms":[{"word":"creeper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"climber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liana","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"b2905754-3b4f-4da7-98d2-77e1c8b3a8e9","word":"vineyard","definition":"A tract of land planted with grapevines, especially for wine production.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wīnġeard","root_meaning":"wine yard; vineyard","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vineyard","meaning":"a grape-growing plot for wine production","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīnġeard","meaning":"wine yard; vineyard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīn","meaning":"wine; grape vine","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ġeard","meaning":"yard, enclosure","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wine","yard","winery","vinery","wineyard"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vinery","formality":"technical"},{"word":"grapery","formality":"technical"},{"word":"wine garden","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"dc60a54e-9feb-4f0f-aa44-ff12e69680d8","word":"vintage","definition":"The year or period when wine was produced; denoting something of high quality from the past.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vendimia","language_family":"latin","root":"vindemia","root_meaning":"grape harvest","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vintage","meaning":"harvest year or old quality","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"vintaige","meaning":"grape harvest","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"vendemia","meaning":"grape harvest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vindemia","meaning":"grape harvest","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vine","wine","vintner","vendage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"harvest year","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"classic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"retro","formality":"informal"},{"word":"antique","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"af7106d3-d48e-4a38-87c9-e5fad02d8b22","word":"violate","definition":"To break or infringe a rule, agreement, or principle; to desecrate or defile.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"violar","language_family":"latin","root":"violare","root_meaning":"to treat with violence, to dishonor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"violate","meaning":"to break a rule; to desecrate","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"violare","meaning":"to treat with violence, to dishonor","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["violation","violence","violent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"infringe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transgress","formality":"formal"},{"word":"desecrate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breach","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"a3a5dc33-a3fc-4d0d-8300-710bed076ff5","word":"violation","definition":"The action of violating or disrespecting something, typically a law or a promise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"violación","language_family":"latin","root":"violare","root_meaning":"to treat with violence, to outrage, to dishonor","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weih₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"violation","meaning":"act of violating","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"violation","meaning":"rape, outrage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"violatio","meaning":"outrage, profanation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"violare","meaning":"to treat with violence, to outrage","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vis","meaning":"force, power","children":[{"era":"pre-1500 BCE","word":"*weih₁-","meaning":"to twist, turn, wind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["violate","violent","violence","inviolable","contravene"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breach","formality":"formal"},{"word":"infringement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"transgression","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"e5f3da27-4d51-4603-b8f5-4059aad2f9a3","word":"violence","definition":"Physical force exerted to cause harm, injury, or damage; intense force or strength.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"violencia","language_family":"latin","root":"violentia","root_meaning":"vehemence, force","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"violence","meaning":"physical force causing harm","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"violence","meaning":"physical force, vehemence","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"violence","meaning":"violence, force","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"violentia","meaning":"vehemence, impetuosity","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"violentus","meaning":"vehement, forceful","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["violent","violently","violate","violator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"force","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brutality","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aggression","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ferocity","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"92e7bb2b-f5fa-4cb4-b80d-440c0ef41717","word":"violent","definition":"Using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"violento","language_family":"latin","root":"violentus","root_meaning":"forcible, impetuous","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"violent","meaning":"using physical force","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"violent","meaning":"violent, furious","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"violentus","meaning":"forcible, impetuous, violent","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vis","meaning":"force, power","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["violate","violence","inviolable","forcible","virile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"aggressive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"brutal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fierce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:17:21.636Z"}
{"id":"198a3be6-3b31-4457-8664-e0058cc92fa5","word":"violet","definition":"A small plant with fragrant purple, blue, or white flowers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"violeta","language_family":"latin","root":"viola","root_meaning":"violet (flower)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"violet","meaning":"purple flower","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"violete","meaning":"violet","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"viola","meaning":"violet (flower)","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["viola","violaceous","ultraviolet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lavender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mauve","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"purple","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"22540ba1-019b-4088-8e91-97e85ec168c1","word":"violin","definition":"A stringed musical instrument with four strings, typically tuned in perfect fifths, played with a bow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"violín","language_family":"latin","root":"viola","root_meaning":"a stringed instrument","root_language":"Italian / Late Latin","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"violin","meaning":"A stringed musical instrument...","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"violino","meaning":"small viola","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"viola","meaning":"a stringed instrument","children":[],"language":"Late Latin / Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["viola","violist","violoncello","cello"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fiddle","formality":"informal"},{"word":"string instrument","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:04:01.012Z"}
{"id":"af87ecb0-26d8-4d0d-ab0a-b739a7045cac","word":"viper","definition":"A venomous snake in the viper family, or figuratively a treacherous person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"víbora","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin vīpera","root_meaning":"viper; live-bearing","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"viper","meaning":"A venomous snake in the viper family, or figuratively a treacherous person.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vipere","meaning":"viper","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"vipre","meaning":"viper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vīpera","meaning":"viper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vīvipara","meaning":"live-bearing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vīvus + parere","meaning":"alive + to bear","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["viperine","viperous","viperid","viperfish","vipers"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adder","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"serpent","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"371146c8-6560-42b2-bc4a-2ecb5bc1c731","word":"viral","definition":"Relating to or caused by a virus; widely circulated rapidly, especially on the internet.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"viral","language_family":"latin","root":"virus","root_meaning":"poison, slime, venom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"viral","meaning":"Relating to a virus","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virus","meaning":"poison, slime, venom","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["virus","virulent","virion","virality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"contagious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spreading","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infectious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"popular","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"f5434b37-2e80-49d5-ac5e-e587b4f5a320","word":"virgin","definition":"A person who has never had sexual intercourse.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"virgen","language_family":"latin","root":"virgo","root_meaning":"maiden, unmarried woman","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"virgin","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"virgine","meaning":"maiden","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virgo","meaning":"maiden, unmarried woman","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["virile","virtue"],"synonyms":[{"word":"maiden","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"celibate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T16:00:02.245Z"}
{"id":"59188bd5-4cd3-436b-b0c3-6172ab673183","word":"virginia","definition":"A U.S. state on the Atlantic coast; also a term meaning pure or virginal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Virginia","language_family":"latin","root":"virgo","root_meaning":"virgin, maiden","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1607","word":"Virginia","meaning":"U.S. state named after Queen Elizabeth I","children":[{"era":"1607","word":"Virginia","meaning":"named from Latin virgo meaning virgin","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virgo","meaning":"virgin, maiden","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["virgin","virginity","virginal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"state","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"704f4b3d-05ad-4e9a-b0a2-a21d83543367","word":"virtual","definition":"Existing or occurring primarily in essence or effect rather than in fact or practice.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"virtual","language_family":"latin","root":"virtus","root_meaning":"strength, excellence, power","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"virtual","meaning":"in essence or effect, not actual","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"virtual","meaning":"having power or strength in essence","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"virtualis","meaning":"having virtue or power","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virtus","meaning":"strength, excellence, manly virtue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vir","meaning":"man","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Medieval Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["virtue","virtuosity","virtually","virtuous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apparent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"practical","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"effective","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.575Z"}
{"id":"c6e5f076-4bf3-4a45-80a7-ee10085a101d","word":"virtually","definition":"Almost; nearly; for all practical purposes.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":"virtualmente","language_family":"latin","root":"virtus","root_meaning":"excellence, manly virtue","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wir-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"virtually","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"virtual","meaning":"of essence rather than fact","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virtus","meaning":"manly excellence, valor, virtue","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["virtue","virtuous","virile","virtuoso"],"synonyms":[{"word":"almost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nearly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practically","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essentially","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:21:19.029Z"}
{"id":"09989bf9-b66f-4dbb-a59a-7a21709f2644","word":"virtue","definition":"Behavior showing high moral standards.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"virtud","language_family":"latin","root":"virtus","root_meaning":"manliness, worth, excellence","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wih₁ro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"virtue","meaning":"Behavior showing high moral standards.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vertu","meaning":"moral life, moral rectitude, uprightness, goodness; qualities, properties","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virtus","meaning":"manliness, worth, excellence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-French/Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["virile","virtuoso","virtual","virago"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goodness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"morality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"righteousness","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"6d597611-313d-492c-8324-2c215a8dd294","word":"virtuous","definition":"Virtuous means morally good and conforming to accepted standards of right conduct.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"virtud","language_family":"latin","root":"vir","root_meaning":"man","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wi-ro-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"virtuous","meaning":"morally good; showing virtue","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"virtue","meaning":"moral excellence or efficacy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virtus","meaning":"moral strength, excellence, manliness","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vir","meaning":"man","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"*wi-ro-","meaning":"man, husband","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["virtue","virtuously","virtuousness","virtuosity","virtuoso"],"synonyms":[{"word":"upright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"righteous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"moral","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T05:50:21.344Z"}
{"id":"4fa647d1-bed4-4a01-b263-bf525f3f94a2","word":"virus","definition":"An infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat that replicates only within host cells.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"virus","language_family":"latin","root":"virus","root_meaning":"poison, venom","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"virus","meaning":"infectious agent replicating in host cells","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"virus","meaning":"poison, venom, noxious influence","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["viral","virulent","antivirus","viremia"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pathogen","formality":"technical"},{"word":"infection","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"germ","formality":"informal"},{"word":"microorganism","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:40.570Z"}
{"id":"c8f14e67-8501-4c49-b678-a553d18953d3","word":"visa","definition":"An endorsement on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, leave, or pass through a country.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"visa","language_family":"latin","root":"visus","root_meaning":"seen (past participle of videre, to see)","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"visa","meaning":"official endorsement for travel","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"visa","meaning":"seen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visa (charta)","meaning":"document seen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visus","meaning":"seen (past participle of videre)","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*weid-","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visible","vision","visit","view","advise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"permit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endorsement","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"authorization","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"7df7db0d-3948-4369-8948-d4c6a9bd2add","word":"visibility","definition":"The state of being able to be seen, or the degree to which something can be seen.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"visibilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"visibilis","root_meaning":"visible, able to be seen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"visibility","meaning":"The state of being able to be seen, or the degree to which something can be seen.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"visibilité","meaning":"visibility","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visibilis","meaning":"visible","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*weid-","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visible","vision","video","advise","envision"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clarity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discernibility","formality":"formal"},{"word":"conspicuousness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:07:51.515Z"}
{"id":"04662e5c-f8df-4b55-851c-f640bffc2ca2","word":"visible","definition":"Able to be seen.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"visible","language_family":"latin","root":"visibilis","root_meaning":"that can be seen","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"visible","meaning":"able to be seen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visibilis","meaning":"that can be seen","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vision","video","revise","evident"],"synonyms":[{"word":"apparent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discernible","formality":"formal"},{"word":"perceptible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T12:02:16.392Z"}
{"id":"26a88757-c6b8-46a9-82d5-999e0258ebda","word":"vision","definition":"The ability to see; or a mental image of something desired or anticipated.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"visión","language_family":"latin","root":"videre","root_meaning":"to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vision","meaning":"sight or mental image","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vision","meaning":"act of seeing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visio","meaning":"seeing, sight","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visual","visit","visible","revise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"image","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"perception","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"ce93da4f-3b77-4250-8d66-2062bc47ee41","word":"visit","definition":"To go to see or spend time with someone or at a place.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"visita","language_family":"latin","root":"visitare","root_meaning":"to go to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"visit","meaning":"to go to see someone or somewhere","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visitare","meaning":"to go to see","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visere","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visitor","visitation","visit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"call","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"see","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drop by","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"88e04838-de96-4d46-92a6-82a4aa4e47e3","word":"visitor","definition":"A person visiting a person or place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"visitador","language_family":"latin","root":"visitare","root_meaning":"to go to see, visit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"visitor","meaning":"a person who visits","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"visitour","meaning":"a visitor","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visitare","meaning":"to go to see, visit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visit","visitation","visual","vision","invisible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guest","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"caller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sightseer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tourist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"06967a9f-d908-4c92-8540-dfacd86d8158","word":"visitors","definition":"People who come to see or stay at a place temporarily.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"visitantes","language_family":"latin","root":"visitare","root_meaning":"to go to see, visit","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"visitors","meaning":"people who visit","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"visitor","meaning":"one who visits","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visitare","meaning":"to go to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visit","visitation","visiting","visited"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guests","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"callers","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tourist","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"a3d0fd43-ae42-4a52-a277-597a7f532f2d","word":"vista","definition":"A pleasing view, especially one seen through a long, narrow opening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vista","language_family":"latin","root":"videre","root_meaning":"to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vista","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"vista","meaning":"view, prospect","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"visto","meaning":"seen (past participle of vedere)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"videre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vision","visual","evident","invisible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"view","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"outlook","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"panorama","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"4283bc6d-0753-4a8a-b7d9-78950c2e8711","word":"visual","definition":"Relating to sight or the ability to see; perceived by or using the eyes.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"visual","language_family":"latin","root":"visualis","root_meaning":"of sight, relating to vision","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"visual","meaning":"relating to sight","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"visual","meaning":"relating to vision","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"visualis","meaning":"of sight","children":[],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["visualize","visually","vision","visibility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"optical","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sight-related","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"visible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graphic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.761Z"}
{"id":"d2e8c0d2-7819-4964-a0a6-63025a7237b2","word":"vital","definition":"Absolutely necessary or important; essential.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vital","language_family":"latin","root":"vitalis","root_meaning":"pertaining to life","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vital","meaning":"Absolutely necessary or important; essential","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vitalis","meaning":"pertaining to life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vita","meaning":"life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vivere","meaning":"to live","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*gʷei-","meaning":"to live","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revitalize","vitamin","biology","viable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"essential","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crucial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indispensable","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"c4834695-a039-40ff-bfa9-8081e023813d","word":"vitals","definition":"The organs or signs essential to life, especially when describing a person's vital signs.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vitales","language_family":"latin","root":"vitalis","root_meaning":"of life","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vitals","meaning":"the organs or signs essential to life","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vitalis","meaning":"of life; living","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vita","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vital","vitality","vitalize","revitalize"],"synonyms":[{"word":"essentials","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"necessities","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vital signs","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"51f96bb2-a49c-4edf-90e6-d9019585c7c5","word":"vitamin","definition":"Any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vitamina","language_family":"latin","root":"vita + amine","root_meaning":"life + nitrogenous compound","root_language":"Latin + English","root_era":"1912","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vitamin","meaning":"essential nutrient","children":[{"era":"1912","word":"vitamin","meaning":"vital amine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vita","meaning":"life","children":[],"language":"Latin"},{"era":"1834","word":"amine","meaning":"nitrogenous compound","children":[],"language":"English (from ammonia)"}],"language":"English (coined)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vital","vitality","amino","amine","vitamer"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nutrient","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"essential nutrient","formality":"technical"},{"word":"supplement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"c55ed442-dcfe-4310-add1-4088f4063542","word":"viva","definition":"An exclamation meaning \"long live\" or expressing acclaim.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":"viva","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin vivus / viva","root_meaning":"alive","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gʷeyh₃-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"viva","meaning":"an exclamation of support or praise","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"viva","meaning":"long live!","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vivus / viva","meaning":"alive","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Spanish / Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vivacious","vivify","vivid","revive","vivisection"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurrah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bravo","formality":"literary"},{"word":"cheer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:34:59.868Z"}
{"id":"efea99fa-b54b-43a9-9417-2fc8208ce009","word":"vivid","definition":"Vivid means strikingly bright, intense, or lifelike.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vívido","language_family":"latin","root":"vivere","root_meaning":"to live","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*gwei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vivid","meaning":"bright, intense, or lifelike","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Latin vividus","meaning":"full of life; lively","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vivere","meaning":"to live","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gwei-","meaning":"to live","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vividly","vividness","vivify","vivacious","vivacity","viviparous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bright","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"graphic","formality":"formal"},{"word":"striking","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lifelike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:39:00.419Z"}
{"id":"7f7d1dea-c506-4eca-a3e0-4e018cd60651","word":"vocabulary","definition":"All the words known and used by a particular person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vocabulario","language_family":"latin","root":"vocābulum","root_meaning":"appellation, designation, name, word","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wokʷ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vocabulary","meaning":"words known","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"vocabularium","meaning":"list of words","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vocābulum","meaning":"word, name","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vocāre","meaning":"to call","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vocal","invoke","evoke","voice","vocation","vocab"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lexicon","formality":"formal"},{"word":"word stock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glossary","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:10:06.716Z"}
{"id":"3d8ec234-b0d8-4b2c-9d59-85d2334d4fff","word":"vocal","definition":"Relating to the human voice; expressed by speech.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vocal","language_family":"latin","root":"vocalis","root_meaning":"sounding, speaking","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vocal","meaning":"of or relating to the voice","children":[{"era":"14th century","word":"vocal","meaning":"vocal","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vocalis","meaning":"sounding, speaking (from vox, vocis 'voice, sound')","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["voice","vocabulary","vocation","provoke","invoke"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spoken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oral","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"articulate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"cbe91beb-da86-476e-b699-d1aa438f528f","word":"vocalize","definition":"To vocalize is to express something in speech or by voice.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"vocalizar","language_family":"latin","root":"vox","root_meaning":"voice, sound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wekw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vocalize","meaning":"to express by voice","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"vocalize","meaning":"to make vocal, to utter","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vocal","meaning":"of the voice","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vox","meaning":"voice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vocal","vocality","vocalism","vocalization","vocally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"utter","formality":"formal"},{"word":"articulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"speak","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T04:24:19.000Z"}
{"id":"df7f3c59-7f5c-4c0e-9c76-4d84c8f621aa","word":"vocational","definition":"Relating to an occupation or employment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vocacional","language_family":"latin","root":"vocatio","root_meaning":"a call, summons","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wok-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vocational","meaning":"relating to an occupation","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vocation","meaning":"a call, summons, profession","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vocare","meaning":"to call","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vox","meaning":"voice","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vocation","vocal","advocate","voice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occupational","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"professional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"career","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:18:10.660Z"}
{"id":"58f8274c-9531-4a87-a132-94a561e719e8","word":"voice","definition":"Sound produced by the human vocal cords; a means of expressing opinion or a right to participate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"voz","language_family":"latin","root":"vox","root_meaning":"sound, voice, call","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wek-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"voice","meaning":"sound of speech","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"voix","meaning":"voice, sound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vox","meaning":"voice, sound","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*wek-","meaning":"to speak, utter","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["voiceless","voiced","voicing","voices"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sound","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speech","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opinion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"say","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"c1ddd814-ebca-4fc9-8e63-6fc800e4fedc","word":"void","definition":"Empty of contents; lacking something required; legally invalid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"voidé","root_meaning":"emptied, from vider (to empty)","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"void","meaning":"empty, invalid","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"void","meaning":"empty, vacant","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"voide","meaning":"emptied","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["avoid","devoid","avoidance","emptiness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"empty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vacant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"invalid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"9d821daa-848d-438d-8bd7-56b34749a202","word":"voila","definition":"An interjection used to present something, express success, or say \"there it is.\"","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"Latin vidēre","root_meaning":"to see","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weyd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"voila","meaning":"an interjection meaning \"there it is\" or \"look\"","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"voilà","meaning":"there it is; look there","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"voir + là","meaning":"literally \"see there\"","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vidēre","meaning":"to see","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old/Middle French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["voir","vois","voyez","voilà","voyant"],"synonyms":[{"word":"there you go","formality":"informal"},{"word":"there it is","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ta-da","formality":"informal"},{"word":"behold","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"5715422f-af7e-4229-a919-a7c173deecd7","word":"vol","definition":"Abbreviation for volume.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vol","language_family":"latin","root":"volumen","root_meaning":"a roll of parchment, book","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vol","meaning":"abbreviation for volume","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"volume","meaning":"a book or scroll","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"volumen","meaning":"a roll of parchment","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["volume","voluminous","volumetric"],"synonyms":[{"word":"volume","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"book","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"c606384c-4403-475d-b30b-d2e91945a685","word":"volatile","definition":"Likely to change quickly and unpredictably, or to evaporate readily.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"volátil","language_family":"latin","root":"volāre","root_meaning":"to fly","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"volatile","meaning":"likely to change rapidly and unpredictably; evaporating readily","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"volatile","meaning":"swift, fleeting, flying","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"volātilis","meaning":"flying; swift; transitory","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"volāre","meaning":"to fly","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["volatility","volatilize","volatilization","nonvolatile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"unstable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erratic","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fickle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:26:50.662Z"}
{"id":"2765c6b9-b550-490b-a9eb-228ea9a6385d","word":"volcanic","definition":"Pertaining to a volcano or to volcanic activity.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"volcánico","language_family":"latin","root":"Vulcanus","root_meaning":"Roman god of fire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"volcanic","meaning":"pertaining to a volcano","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"volcanique","meaning":"volcanic, of a volcano","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"volcan","meaning":"volcano","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Vulcanus","meaning":"the Roman god of fire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["volcano","volcanism","volcanology","vulcan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eruptive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vulcanic","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"igneous","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"6165fde2-80f4-4377-aee0-75fd5352a9d9","word":"volcano","definition":"A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"volcán","language_family":"latin","root":"Vulcanus","root_meaning":"Roman god of fire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"volcano","meaning":"erupting mountain","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"vulcano","meaning":"volcano","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"Vulcanus","meaning":"Roman god of fire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vulcanic","volcanic","vulcanize","Vulcan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vent","formality":"technical"},{"word":"crater","formality":"technical"},{"word":"caldera","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"4a2af82a-a7a4-46a5-8ee4-3bd46d41cc3a","word":"volt","definition":"The SI unit of electromotive force or electric potential difference, named after Alessandro Volta.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"voltio","language_family":"other","root":"Volta","root_meaning":"Italian physicist Alessandro Volta","root_language":"Italian","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"volt","meaning":"Unit of electric potential","children":[{"era":"1745-1827","word":"Alessandro Volta","meaning":"Italian physicist","children":[],"language":"Italian (surname)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ampere","ohm","watt","farad","coulomb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"electrical unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"potential difference","formality":"technical"},{"word":"EMF unit","formality":"technical"},{"word":"voltage","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:11:59.574Z"}
{"id":"71870d43-7290-43fd-bc5d-ab37f0d4aeba","word":"volume","definition":"The amount of space that a substance or object occupies.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"volumen","language_family":"latin","root":"Latin volumen","root_meaning":"a roll, rolled-up object","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wel- (to turn, roll)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Volume","meaning":"amount of space occupied","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"volume","meaning":"book, scroll","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"volumen","meaning":"roll, rolled manuscript","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["voluminous","rolled","scroll","cubic"],"synonyms":[{"word":"capacity","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"size","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"quantity","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"57ec195c-87e6-49c4-8c2d-7886e433adcd","word":"voluntary","definition":"Done, given, or acting of one's own free will.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"voluntario","language_family":"latin","root":"voluntarius","root_meaning":"of one's free will","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"voluntary","meaning":"Done of free will","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"voluntary","meaning":"willing","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"voluntarius","meaning":"of one's own free will","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"voluntas","meaning":"will, desire","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["volunteer","volition","involuntary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"optional","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discretionary","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"willing","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"12e08738-fff0-4d82-b821-b20ec3ea0007","word":"volunteer","definition":"A person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"voluntario","language_family":"french","root":"voluntas","root_meaning":"will, desire","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*welh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"volunteer","meaning":"person offering service","children":[{"era":"13th c.","word":"voluntaire","meaning":"voluntary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"voluntarius","meaning":"voluntary","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"voluntas","meaning":"will, desire","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*welh₁-","meaning":"to wish, will","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["voluntary","volition","will","benevolent","malevolent"],"synonyms":[{"word":"helper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contributor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"participant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"e1b3a2d7-efb8-4df5-afab-8bfdb6b70cb3","word":"vomit","definition":"To eject matter from the stomach through the mouth.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"vomitar","language_family":"latin","root":"vomitare","root_meaning":"to spew forth","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wemh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vomit","meaning":"to eject matter from the stomach","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vomir","meaning":"to vomit","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vomitare","meaning":"to spew forth","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*wemh₁-","meaning":"to vomit","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["emetic","vomitory","revomit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puke","formality":"informal"},{"word":"regurgitate","formality":"technical"},{"word":"throw up","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spew","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"e0cb62b5-997b-4c2b-9d56-077eac1c8887","word":"voodoo","definition":"A religion practiced in parts of the Caribbean and the southern US, combining elements of Roman Catholic ritual with traditional African magical and religious rites, and characterized by sorcery and spirit possession.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"vodu","root_meaning":"spirit, deity","root_language":"Fon (West African)","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"voodoo","meaning":"A religion of West African origin","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"voodoo","meaning":"religion","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"vodu","meaning":"spirit, deity","children":[],"language":"Fon (West African)"}],"language":"Louisiana Creole French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoodoo","spirit","magic","ritual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vodun","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sorcery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"witchcraft","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:13:19.431Z"}
{"id":"d614a4f0-3b3f-4c5a-9c2e-79d3628312c7","word":"vortex","definition":"A vortex is a whirling mass of fluid or air that spins around a central axis.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vórtice","language_family":"latin","root":"vertere","root_meaning":"to turn","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vortex","meaning":"a whirling mass of fluid or air","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vortex","meaning":"whirlwind; eddy","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vertere","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vertex","vertigo","convert","invert","revert"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whirlpool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"eddy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swirl","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"56a2b811-8067-464f-a7cb-828020fab7a4","word":"vote","definition":"A formal expression of choice or opinion in an election or decision.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"voto","language_family":"latin","root":"votum","root_meaning":"a vow or wish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vote","meaning":"formal expression of choice","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"vote","meaning":"expression of opinion","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"votum","meaning":"a vow, a wish","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["voted","voter","voting","votes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ballot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"election","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suffrage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"4433db11-2bc2-4968-818e-a616f556404d","word":"voter","definition":"A person who votes or has the right to vote.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"votante","language_family":"latin","root":"vōtum","root_meaning":"vow, wish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"Classical Latin","proto_root":"*wegʷʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"voter","meaning":"A person who votes","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"vote","meaning":"formal expression of opinion or choice","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"vōtum","meaning":"a vow, wish, promise","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"vovēre","meaning":"to vow, to promise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vote","ballot","suffrage","devotion","votive"],"synonyms":[{"word":"elector","formality":"formal"},{"word":"constituent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"chooser","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:00.869Z"}
{"id":"ae30e2c0-9598-48c9-857e-cad9eb4cc15e","word":"votes","definition":"Plural of vote; formal expressions of choice or opinion in a decision-making process.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"voto","language_family":"latin","root":"votum","root_meaning":"a vow, solemn promise","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*ewes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"votes","meaning":"formal expressions of choice","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"vote","meaning":"a vow, voice in election","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"votum","meaning":"a vow, solemn promise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vovere","meaning":"to vow, promise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vote","voter","voting","devote","devotion"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ballots","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"choices","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"selections","formality":"formal"},{"word":"suffrage","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.387Z"}
{"id":"2c4666ec-0c95-4153-bb07-1a2117a20ac1","word":"vow","definition":"A solemn promise or pledge, especially to a deity or a revered person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"voto","language_family":"latin","root":"votum","root_meaning":"a solemn promise, a pledge, a wish","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*wegwh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vow","meaning":"A solemn promise or pledge.","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"vou","meaning":"a vow, a promise","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"votum","meaning":"a solemn promise","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["devote","devotion","vote","votary","avow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"oath","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pledge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"promise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:09:05.406Z"}
{"id":"c6052df3-72dd-4300-bb42-0ebab2f01c4d","word":"voyage","definition":"A long journey involving travel by sea or in space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"viaje","language_family":"french","root":"viaticum","root_meaning":"journey, provision for a journey","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*weǵʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"voyage","meaning":"A long journey involving travel by sea or in space","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"voyage","meaning":"a journey","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"viaticum","meaning":"journey, provision for a journey","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["way","via","convey","invoice","trivial"],"synonyms":[{"word":"journey","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expedition","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trip","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"b92ff0cf-f516-46a9-8331-b6112ed1eba9","word":"voyager","definition":"A person who travels on a voyage or long journey.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"viajar","language_family":"latin","root":"via","root_meaning":"way; road","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"voyager","meaning":"A person who travels on a voyage or long journey.","children":[{"era":"late 1400s","word":"voyageur","meaning":"A traveler; one who goes on a voyage.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"voyage","meaning":"A journey, especially by sea.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"viaticum","meaning":"Travel provisions; supplies for a journey.","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"via","meaning":"Way; road.","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English / Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["voyage","voyaging","voyaged","voyageur","voyager"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traveler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wayfarer","formality":"literary"},{"word":"wanderer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T02:29:22.816Z"}
{"id":"30dc3450-21ac-4c0c-81eb-c26e4af9ea9b","word":"vulgar","definition":"Lacking sophistication or good taste; unrefined or crude.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vulgar","language_family":"latin","root":"vulgaris","root_meaning":"of or pertaining to the common people, common, general","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vulgar","meaning":"Lacking sophistication or good taste; unrefined or crude.","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"vulgaris","meaning":"of or pertaining to the common people, common, general","children":[{"era":"Classical","word":"vulgus","meaning":"the common people, the crowd","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vulgate","divulge","common","ordinary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crude","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coarse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unrefined","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rude","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:17:38.077Z"}
{"id":"ec188b13-98b4-4e25-bcd9-66ad161717af","word":"vulnerability","definition":"The state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vulnerabilidad","language_family":"latin","root":"vulnerare","root_meaning":"to wound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*welh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vulnerability","meaning":"state of being exposed to harm","children":[{"era":"current","word":"vulnerable","meaning":"able to be wounded","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vulnerabilis","meaning":"wounding, able to wound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vulnerare","meaning":"to wound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vulnerable","wound","invulnerable","vulnerary","volition"],"synonyms":[{"word":"susceptibility","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"weakness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exposure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragility","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:15:20.993Z"}
{"id":"931ffec2-b0a6-4897-af65-30ef545dbc6e","word":"vulnerable","definition":"Exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"vulnerable","language_family":"latin","root":"vulnus","root_meaning":"wound","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*welh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vulnerable","meaning":"exposed to harm","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"vulnerabilis","meaning":"capable of wounding","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vulnerare","meaning":"to wound","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vulnus","meaning":"wound","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["invulnerable","wound","vulnerary","vulnerate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"susceptible","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defenseless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exposed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fragile","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:20:20.307Z"}
{"id":"f01186d4-c8d7-46ee-92d5-c3a6861f02d6","word":"vulture","definition":"A large carrion-eating bird, especially one of the Old World or New World vultures.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"latin","root":"vultur","root_meaning":"vulture","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"vulture","meaning":"a large carrion-eating bird","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"vulture","meaning":"a vulture","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"vultur","meaning":"vulture","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vultur","meaning":"vulture","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vultures","vulturine","vulturous","vulturid"],"synonyms":[{"word":"buzzard","formality":"informal"},{"word":"carrion bird","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scavenger","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T16:36:55.453Z"}
{"id":"ae0f2dc7-e2ed-4c16-900a-984bba5100a8","word":"wade","definition":"To walk through water or another liquid or soft substance.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wadan","root_meaning":"to go, to walk, to wade","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wadʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wade","meaning":"to walk through water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wadan","meaning":"to go, to walk through water","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wadaną","meaning":"to go, to wade","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wadʰ-","meaning":"to go, to walk","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ford","puddle","stream","cross"],"synonyms":[{"word":"splash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"paddle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trudge","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:18:21.855Z"}
{"id":"d9f8e591-cebd-4456-a560-9abb5b29842a","word":"wager","definition":"A sum of money or something else of value risked on an uncertain outcome.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"wagier","root_meaning":"to pledge, make a wager","root_language":"Old Northern French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wadją","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wager","meaning":"a risk on an outcome","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wagier","meaning":"to pledge, make a wager","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wadjan","meaning":"to pledge","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wadją","meaning":"pledge","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Anglo-French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wage","engagement","pledge","guarantee","betting","gage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gamble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stake","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ante","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"6a6107e6-b7d1-45a3-a668-95ca68b870c9","word":"wagon","definition":"a vehicle, typically with four wheels, used for transporting goods or another specified purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vagón","language_family":"germanic","root":"wægn","root_meaning":"wagon, cart","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wogʰnos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wagon","meaning":"vehicle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wægn","meaning":"wagon","children":[{"era":"~500 BCE","word":"*wagōn","meaning":"wagon","children":[{"era":"~3500 BCE","word":"*wogʰnos","meaning":"wagon, cart","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["way","weigh","vehicle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"carriage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conveyance","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"0bb66aa2-362e-49d4-90e6-733e3e44205a","word":"wah","definition":"An exclamation or sound, often used to express distress, crying, or as an imitative sound.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"(onomatopoeic origin)","root_meaning":"(imitation of sound)","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wah","meaning":"Exclamation or sound","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"wah","meaning":"Imitative of a crying sound or a guitar effect","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["boohoo","wail","sob","cry","meh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boohoo","formality":"informal"},{"word":"sob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wail","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"032a9923-7b3f-4805-a88a-7b9933e23a76","word":"wai","definition":"a Thai greeting gesture in which the palms are pressed together and the head is bowed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ไหว้","root_meaning":"to pay respect; bow with pressed palms","root_language":"Thai","root_era":"modern","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wai","meaning":"a Thai greeting gesture in which the palms are pressed together and the head is bowed","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"ไหว้","meaning":"to pay respect with a bow and pressed palms","children":[],"language":"Thai"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wai","waied","waiing","wai-like"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"greeting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"salutation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T17:25:21.738Z"}
{"id":"4a17d2dc-e693-40df-849e-a61ab0896a6d","word":"wail","definition":"To utter a long, mournful cry, typically one indicating pain, grief, or anger.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"væla","root_meaning":"lament, complain","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wail","meaning":"To utter a long, mournful cry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"væla","meaning":"lament, complain","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["lament","wailing","bewail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lament","formality":"formal"},{"word":"weep","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"4dd5c8e4-e967-404a-8ce2-a9a89aaea8a0","word":"waist","definition":"The part of the human body between the ribs and the hips.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæstm","root_meaning":"growth, increase, stature","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waist","meaning":"The part of the human body between the ribs and the hips","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wast","meaning":"growth, mid-section","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wæstm","meaning":"growth, increase, stature","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wax","waste","growth","augment"],"synonyms":[{"word":"middle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"midriff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"girth","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"2b877e76-8ce1-4124-bf61-c31247071d55","word":"wait","definition":"To stay in place or delay action until something expected happens.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"waitan","root_meaning":"to watch, guard, wait","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wait","meaning":"to remain in place temporarily","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waiten","meaning":"to watch, guard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waitan","meaning":"to watch, guard, wait","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*wak-","meaning":"to wake, be alert","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["await","waiter","waiting","waited"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stay","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"remain","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hold on","formality":"informal"},{"word":"pause","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.831Z"}
{"id":"381ca4ac-e106-4d04-bd3c-3da157d84bf1","word":"waiting","definition":"The act of remaining in a place in anticipation of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aguardando","language_family":"germanic","root":"wait","root_meaning":"to wait, watch, guard","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waiting","meaning":"remaining in anticipation","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"wait","meaning":"to stay, remain, watch for","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"waitier","meaning":"to watch, guard, wait","children":[{"era":"600s-800s","word":"waita","meaning":"to watch, guard","children":[],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wait","waited","waiter","awaiting","awaited"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anticipating","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remaining","formality":"formal"},{"word":"staying","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lingering","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.851Z"}
{"id":"88ceaf50-f89c-4077-98fc-d4423ac5e865","word":"waitress","definition":"A woman who serves food and drink at a restaurant or café.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wait","root_meaning":"to watch, attend","root_language":"Old Northern French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wehtōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waitress","meaning":"female server","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"waiter","meaning":"one who waits or attends","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wait","meaning":"to watch, attend","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"waitier","meaning":"to watch","children":[],"language":"Old Frankish"}],"language":"Old Northern French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wait","waiter","awaiting","portress","actress"],"synonyms":[{"word":"server","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attendant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"food server","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"49ff0d7c-cb4a-4582-9a49-7355b6ae690a","word":"waiver","definition":"An act or instance of waiving a right or claim.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"waiver","root_meaning":"to renounce, abandon","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"13th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waiver","meaning":"act of waiving a right","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"waiver","meaning":"to renounce, abandon","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*waiwjan","meaning":"to give up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic (Frankish)"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["waive","waif","away","waiveable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relinquishment","formality":"formal"},{"word":"surrender","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forfeiture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"renunciation","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:15:33.720Z"}
{"id":"77098439-f41a-492b-b35b-77377d432754","word":"wake","definition":"To emerge or cause to emerge from a state of sleep.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wacan","root_meaning":"to awake, arise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wake","meaning":"To emerge or cause to emerge from a state of sleep.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wacan","meaning":"to awake, arise, be born","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*waknan","meaning":"to become awake","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"ancient","word":"*wekjan","meaning":"to awaken","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*weg-","meaning":"to be strong, lively, active","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["watch","awaken","vigilant","vigorous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"awaken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rouse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stir","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:01:46.605Z"}
{"id":"c1b5a904-6bd9-4af7-8be6-5c7f711a06e2","word":"wale","definition":"A streak, stripe, or ridge typically produced on the skin by a blow.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"walu","root_meaning":"Rod, staff, whip, stripe.","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*walu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wale","meaning":"A ridge or stripe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"walu","meaning":"rod, staff, stripe","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*walu-","meaning":"rod, stick, mark","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["welt","wheal","wield","rod"],"synonyms":[{"word":"welt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ridge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stripe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T19:02:01.138Z"}
{"id":"5847eec6-9070-4424-97aa-1357bbdc2717","word":"wales","definition":"A country that is part of the United Kingdom, or ridges on a textured fabric.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wealh","root_meaning":"foreigner, serf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Wales","meaning":"country, fabric ridges","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"Wales","meaning":"the country of Welsh people","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Waleis","meaning":"land of the foreigners","children":[{"era":"500 CE","word":"wealh","meaning":"foreigner, serf","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Welsh","Welshman","wale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Cymru","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"a06977a2-b306-4c72-a43b-de04b15a4c03","word":"walk","definition":"To move on foot at a moderate pace, or a journey made on foot.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"valqueria","language_family":"germanic","root":"wealcan","root_meaning":"to roll, to turn, to walk","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1000","proto_root":"*welk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"walk","meaning":"Move on foot or a journey on foot","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"walk","meaning":"to move on foot, to roll","children":[{"era":"pre-1000","word":"wealcan","meaning":"to roll, turn, walk","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"wealcan","meaning":"to roll, turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["walker","walked","walking","walkway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stroll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ambulate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"10f635fd-5dbc-420d-bc42-1ab4dc0a4fb8","word":"walker","definition":"A person who walks, especially for exercise or pleasure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wealcan","root_meaning":"to roll, toss, move, go","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*walkanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"walker","meaning":"A person who walks","children":[{"era":"current","word":"walk","meaning":"to move by foot","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wealcan","meaning":"to roll, toss, move, go","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*walkanan","meaning":"to roll, turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["walk","wander","waltz","sidewalk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pedestrian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stroller","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hiker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"c1f338fc-e946-4692-be2d-2db2ccf04eab","word":"walking","definition":"The present participle of walk; the action of moving forward on foot or causing someone to move forward.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"caminando","language_family":"germanic","root":"wealcan","root_meaning":"to roll, turn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*welk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"walking","meaning":"moving on foot","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"walk","meaning":"to go on foot, roam","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"wealcan","meaning":"to roll, turn, walk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"welk-","meaning":"to turn, roll","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["walk","walker","walked","walkway","walks"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strolling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trudging","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ambulating","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.598Z"}
{"id":"04ddc6f9-843d-4c0e-9b0e-e82f65aa1612","word":"wall","definition":"A vertical structure that encloses, divides, or supports a space.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weall","root_meaning":"wall, rampart","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wall","meaning":"vertical structure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weall","meaning":"wall, fortification","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wallaz","meaning":"wall, rampart","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["walls","walling","walled","wallop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"barrier","formality":"formal"},{"word":"partition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fence","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.957Z"}
{"id":"bc2f99e0-8f86-4e8a-a09f-21c8b875aa55","word":"wallet","definition":"A flat case or pouch, typically made of leather or plastic, used for carrying banknotes, credit cards, and other small flat items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"walet","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"Unknown (possibly Old North French/Frankish)","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wallet","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"walet","meaning":"bag, knapsack","children":[],"language":"Anglo-Norman/Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["purse","bag","money","pouch","billfold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"purse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"billfold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cardholder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"26a1720e-cd92-48f9-b39a-d56d766f28b2","word":"wallpaper","definition":"Decorative paper for covering the walls of a room.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"weall, papyrus","root_meaning":"rampart, wall; papyrus","root_language":"Old English, Latin","root_era":"pre-1100, classical","proto_root":"*wal-, *papūros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wallpaper","meaning":"Decorative paper for covering the walls of a room.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"wall","meaning":"a continuous upright brick or stone structure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weall","meaning":"rampart, wall","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vallum","meaning":"rampart","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*wal-","meaning":"to turn, twist","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"paper","meaning":"material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood","children":[{"era":"null","word":"papier","meaning":"paper","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"papyrus","meaning":"papyrus (plant, paper)","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"πάπυρος","meaning":"papyrus","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wall","paper","mural","covering","decorate"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wallcovering","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"decor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lining","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:03:28.086Z"}
{"id":"034b19a4-5c15-43a6-aef7-5dc5ea998fec","word":"wally","definition":"A silly, foolish, or ineffectual person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"walh","root_meaning":"foreigner, Celt","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-500","proto_root":"*walhós","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wally","meaning":"silly person","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"wally","meaning":"foolish person","children":[{"era":"Old High German","word":"Walter","meaning":"powerful warrior","children":[],"language":"Germanic (name)"},{"era":"pre-500","word":"Walh","meaning":"foreigner, Celt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"English (slang)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["walrus","Wales","Wallace","Welsh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fool","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"idiot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"nincompoop","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dunce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"0db520cf-f210-4ec3-bee5-d6a3b649238f","word":"walnut","definition":"The large, hard-shelled, edible nut of a deciduous tree, typically with a wrinkled kernel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wealhhnutu","root_meaning":"foreign nut","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*walhō- + *hnut-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"walnut","meaning":"edible nut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wealhhnutu","meaning":"foreign nut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wealh","meaning":"foreign, Welshman","children":[{"era":"pre-500s","word":"*walhōz","meaning":"foreigner, Celt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hnutu","meaning":"nut","children":[{"era":"pre-500s","word":"*hnut-","meaning":"nut","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["nut","Welsh","foreign","walloon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kernel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"4027844a-63e1-4637-b2ec-8b91dcdde8bc","word":"waltz","definition":"A ballroom dance in ¾ time with a smooth, gliding movement.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vals","language_family":"germanic","root":"walzen","root_meaning":"to roll, revolve","root_language":"German","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":"*waltaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waltz","meaning":"a ballroom dance","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"Walzer","meaning":"a waltz (from walzen)","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"walzen","meaning":"to roll, revolve","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["revolve","wallow","welter","volute","voluminous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whirl","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"abc91281-0777-496f-85a8-ab48343affb5","word":"wan","definition":"(Of a person's complexion or appearance) pale and giving the impression of illness or exhaustion.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wann","root_meaning":"dark, gloomy, pale","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wan","meaning":"pale, sickly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wann","meaning":"dark, gloomy, pale","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wannaz","meaning":"dark, lacking color","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wen-","meaning":"to strive, wish, love","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wanness","wane","vanish","want"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pallid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ashen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sickly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"91b42577-eceb-40dc-a0f0-a24f6c6e8b51","word":"wand","definition":"A slender rod or stick, especially one used as a magical implement or emblem of authority.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"*wanduz","root_meaning":"rod; twig; switch","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wendʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wand","meaning":"A slender rod or stick, especially one used as a magical implement or emblem of authority.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"wand/wond","meaning":"A rod, switch, or slender stick.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"vǫndr","meaning":"A twig, switch, or rod.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wanduz","meaning":"Rod; twig; switch.","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*wendʰ-","meaning":"To turn, twist, wind, or braid.","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wandless","wandlike","wandmaker","wand-wielding","wandcraft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rod","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"baton","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"f8ff97b1-0d7e-4748-bfdc-f6106f958e2e","word":"wander","definition":"To walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wandrian","root_meaning":"to roam, to go astray","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wandrōną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wander","meaning":"to roam aimlessly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wandrian","meaning":"to roam, to go astray","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wandrōną","meaning":"to turn, wander","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["wandering","meander","rove","stray"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stroll","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"roam","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ramble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stray","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"2b77d1bc-9b74-462c-848a-d7b3840e8a66","word":"wanker","definition":"Wanker is a British vulgar insult for a contemptible or obnoxious person, originally referring to a masturbator.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wanker","meaning":"an insulting term for a contemptible person","children":[{"era":"20th century","word":"wank","meaning":"to masturbate; the base verb of the insult","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive suffix forming nouns for persons who do an action","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wank","wanking","wanked","wanker","wankery"],"synonyms":[{"word":"jerk","formality":"informal"},{"word":"prat","formality":"informal"},{"word":"idiot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"e3945deb-8f26-473f-94f3-62f1a5c64e5a","word":"wanna","definition":"Informal contraction of 'want to', expressing desire or intention to do something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wyllan","root_meaning":"to want, to wish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*welH-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wanna","meaning":"want to (informal contraction)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"want to","meaning":"to desire to do","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"wanten","meaning":"to lack, to be without","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wanaz","meaning":"lacking, deficient","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["want","wanting","wanted","wannabe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wish to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"desire to","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feel like","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:10:41.403Z"}
{"id":"a796f634-f0c8-4bc8-8bdd-2db204df0996","word":"want","definition":"To desire or wish for something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"Old Norse vanta","root_meaning":"to lack, be missing","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"want","meaning":"to desire or wish for","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wanten","meaning":"to lack, be deficient","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"vanta","meaning":"to lack, be missing","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wanted","wanting","wants","unwanted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crave","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:15:41.056Z"}
{"id":"04b49e4e-4e09-44fb-bc01-a51a51fd0210","word":"wanted","definition":"Sought after, desired, or being searched for by authorities.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"want","root_meaning":"to lack, to be absent","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wanted","meaning":"desired or sought","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"wanten","meaning":"to lack","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"vant","meaning":"to lack, be absent","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["want","wanton","wanting","unwanted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desired","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sought","formality":"formal"},{"word":"needed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"required","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.123Z"}
{"id":"b80b226b-c032-42e8-b1c4-28394277e822","word":"wants","definition":"Desires or lacks; expresses a need or desire for something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wantian","root_meaning":"to be lacking","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wants","meaning":"desires or lacks","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"want","meaning":"to be lacking, to desire","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"wantian","meaning":"to be lacking","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wanton","want","wanting","unwanted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desires","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lacks","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"requires","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.911Z"}
{"id":"cf0d0530-323b-4349-b571-bb581a04b80d","word":"war","definition":"Armed conflict or hostility between nations, groups, or individuals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guerra","language_family":"germanic","root":"werra","root_meaning":"strife, discord","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"war","meaning":"armed conflict","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"werre","meaning":"war","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"werra","meaning":"strife, discord, confusion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wers-","meaning":"to confuse, mix up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warrior","warfare","wars","warring","warlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conflict","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combat","formality":"formal"},{"word":"hostilities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"struggle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"6c912006-3fcb-45c4-834e-1970e1ab740c","word":"warcraft","definition":"The skill or practice of warfare, particularly in the context of strategic combat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"werra","root_meaning":"strife, conflict","root_language":"Old Northern French (Germanic origin)","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*wers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warcraft","meaning":"skill in warfare","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"war","meaning":"strife, conflict","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"werra","meaning":"war","children":[],"language":"Old Northern French"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"craft","meaning":"strength, skill, art","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"cræft","meaning":"power, skill","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warfare","craftsman","warlord","artisan","draft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"warfare","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strategy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"e5999527-8cde-4ecd-ac39-d77bd0487a42","word":"ward","definition":"A separate room or area in a hospital or prison, typically one allocated to a particular type of patient or prisoner.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weard","root_meaning":"guard, sentinel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ward","meaning":"A separate room or area in a hospital or prison, typically one allocated to a particular type of patient or prisoner.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weard","meaning":"guard, watchman, protection","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*warduz","meaning":"guard","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warden","guardian","guard","reward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"section","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"division","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"d5826ed6-e119-434e-8ce5-9e449dee7093","word":"warden","definition":"A person responsible for the supervision of a particular place or thing, or for ensuring that regulations are obeyed.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guardián","language_family":"germanic","root":"*wardōną","root_meaning":"to guard, to protect","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warden","meaning":"a person who guards","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wardein","meaning":"guardian, keeper","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"warder","meaning":"to guard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wardōn","meaning":"to guard","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wardōną","meaning":"to guard, to protect","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wer-","meaning":"to cover, to close, to protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old Northern French"}],"language":"Anglo-Norman French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guard","ward","reward","aware"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guardian","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custodian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"keeper","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"superintendent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"0d222ecf-85ee-4b3d-8ec5-f702e3d1b446","word":"wardrobe","definition":"A large, tall cabinet in which clothes may be hung or stored.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guardarropa","language_family":"germanic","root":"warder, robe","root_meaning":"to guard, gown","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wardon, *rauba","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wardrobe","meaning":"A large, tall cabinet in which clothes may be hung or stored","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"warderobe","meaning":"clothes closet","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"warder (to guard)","meaning":null,"children":[{"era":null,"word":"*wardōn","meaning":"to guard","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"},{"era":"1200s","word":"robe (gown)","meaning":null,"children":[{"era":null,"word":"*rauba","meaning":"booty, clothing","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guard","reward","robe","rob","garb"],"synonyms":[{"word":"closet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"armoire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dresser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"press","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:07:14.918Z"}
{"id":"2c59b376-81d2-47b5-91de-dd9135f1d8d8","word":"ware","definition":"Manufactured articles of a specified type, or goods for sale.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wara","root_meaning":"articles of merchandise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wos-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ware","meaning":"goods for sale","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wara","meaning":"wares, articles of merchandise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*warō","meaning":"wares","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wos-","meaning":"to sell, buy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["silverware","software","hardware","warehouse","wary"],"synonyms":[{"word":"goods","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merchandise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"products","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"articles","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"86e0d55b-43db-43b9-b881-1b394ba9746a","word":"warfare","definition":"Engagement in or the activities involved in organized armed conflict or struggle.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"war, fare","root_meaning":"conflict; a journey or course of life","root_language":"Old Northern French, Old English","root_era":"1100s, pre-1100","proto_root":"*werran-, *farjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warfare","meaning":"Engagement in or the activities involved in war or conflict.","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"war","meaning":"war, hostility","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*werran-","meaning":"to confuse, embroil","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Northern French"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fare","meaning":"journey, state of being","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*farjaną","meaning":"to journey, to travel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["war","warrior","welfare","ferry","journey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"combat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fighting","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hostilities","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"9c8faaee-2bb7-4d3f-85c6-23dafd603afb","word":"warm","definition":"Having or giving out a moderate degree of heat, as opposed to cold.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wearm","root_meaning":"warm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʷʰermó-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warm","meaning":"having a moderate heat","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wearm","meaning":"warm","children":[{"era":"early centuries CE","word":"*warmaz","meaning":"warm","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*gʷʰermó-","meaning":"warm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warmth","warming","thermal","furnace","glowing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lukewarm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toasty","formality":"informal"},{"word":"balmy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T21:03:57.448Z"}
{"id":"51ffd353-1e15-48c1-8604-777efe6a30ca","word":"warmth","definition":"The quality, state, or sensation of being warm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wearm","root_meaning":"warm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʷʰermó-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warmth","meaning":"the quality of being warm","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"warm","meaning":"warm","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*warmaz","meaning":"warm","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*gʷʰermó-","meaning":"warm","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warm","warmer","warmly","warming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"geniality","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ardor","formality":"literary"},{"word":"cosiness","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:18:51.832Z"}
{"id":"869f84c9-7ef0-49fc-b854-4b422e1c7bc9","word":"warn","definition":"To inform someone of a possible danger, threat, or unpleasant event.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"warnian","root_meaning":"to take heed, warn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warn","meaning":"to alert to danger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"warnian","meaning":"to take heed, warn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warning","aware","wary","guard","ward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"advise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"df4a4e48-01e7-45cb-806e-3a813dab21f8","word":"warner","definition":"A person who warns or gives notice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"warnian","root_meaning":"to take heed, to guard against","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Warner","meaning":"one who warns","children":[{"era":"verb","word":"warn","meaning":"to give notice of impending danger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wærnian","meaning":"to take heed, to guard against","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*warōną","meaning":"to guard, to protect","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*werh₁-","meaning":"to cover, to protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warn","warning","ware","wary","awareness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cautioner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adviser","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:04:58.187Z"}
{"id":"e42c69c8-7029-43fa-852c-1ed5e123e9da","word":"warning","definition":"A notice or caution alerting someone to a potential danger or problem.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"aviso","language_family":"germanic","root":"warnian","root_meaning":"to make aware, caution","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warning","meaning":"alert to danger or problem","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"warn","meaning":"to caution or make aware","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"warnian","meaning":"to beware, make aware","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warn","warned","warner","unwarned"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caution","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"alert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"admonition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"6c2e26ff-e28a-4767-ad34-04e2ea40f50a","word":"warp","definition":"To become or cause to become bent or twisted out of shape.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wearpan","root_meaning":"to throw, to cast, to turn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werpanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warp","meaning":"to twist out of shape","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wearpan","meaning":"to throw, to turn","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*werpanan","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warped","warping","warper","wharf"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bend","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"twist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"distort","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deform","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"2ba680a8-e443-4d8e-98a8-31eca4f094c1","word":"warrant","definition":"A document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police or another body to make an arrest, search premises, or carry out another action relating to the administration of justice.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"garantía","language_family":"french","root":"warrant","root_meaning":"protector, guarantor","root_language":"Old Northern French","root_era":"12th century","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warrant","meaning":"authorization document","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"warrant","meaning":"protector, guarantor","children":[{"era":"pre-700","word":"warjan","meaning":"to defend, protect","children":[{"era":"null","word":"*wer-","meaning":"to cover, protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Northern French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guarantee","warranty","ward","guard","reward"],"synonyms":[{"word":"authorization","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"permit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sanction","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:13:19.932Z"}
{"id":"632e29a6-f068-4b6c-940d-ef377879ae08","word":"warranty","definition":"A written guarantee that a product will meet specified standards or function properly for a set period.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"garantía","language_family":"germanic","root":"warrant","root_meaning":"to guarantee or authorize","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warranty","meaning":"written product guarantee","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"warrant","meaning":"to guarantee or authorize","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"warant","meaning":"to guarantee","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warrant","warranty","warrantor","unwarranted"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guarantee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assurance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"promise","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.163Z"}
{"id":"64e33678-d413-4e07-ade7-8e032327c41a","word":"warren","definition":"A network of interconnecting rabbit burrows; also, a densely populated or complex arrangement of streets or buildings.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"warenne","root_meaning":"game preserve, hunting ground","root_language":"Old Northern French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warren","meaning":"rabbit burrow system, game preserve","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"warenne","meaning":"game preserve, hunting ground","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*waron","meaning":"to guard, protect","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*wer-","meaning":"to cover, protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Frankish"}],"language":"Old Northern French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["warrant","guarantee","garrison","wardrobe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"burrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"labyrinth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maze","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"6f09290c-4205-43f5-b5ba-e8c9fc31096c","word":"warrior","definition":"A brave or experienced soldier or fighter.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guerrero","language_family":"french","root":"werre","root_meaning":"war","root_language":"Old North French","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*wers-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"warrior","meaning":"fighter","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"werreor","meaning":"one who makes war","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"werre","meaning":"war","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*wers-","meaning":"to confuse, mix up","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old North French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["war","worry","guerre","warlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fighter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soldier","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combatant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"brave","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:14:17.983Z"}
{"id":"35dc6219-dcf3-42c9-aa09-1857983820fd","word":"wars","definition":"Armed conflicts between groups, nations, or states.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"guerras","language_family":"germanic","root":"werre","root_meaning":"confusion, discord, conflict","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wars","meaning":"armed conflicts","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"werre","meaning":"confusion, discord","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"war","meaning":"conflict, strife","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*werr-","meaning":"to confuse, perplex","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["war","warrior","warfare","warlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conflicts","formality":"formal"},{"word":"battles","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hostilities","formality":"formal"},{"word":"combats","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:47.057Z"}
{"id":"d8c23d75-3938-42c7-b2b8-38f9fc629737","word":"was","definition":"Past tense of the verb 'be' used with first and third person singular subjects.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæs","root_meaning":"was, remained","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"was","meaning":"past tense of be","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wæs","meaning":"was, remained","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*wes-","meaning":"to remain, dwell","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["be","been","being","am","are"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"remained","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"9a5accd0-93cf-407c-b7a6-fdeab074b0a1","word":"wash","definition":"To clean with water and, typically, soap or detergent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wascan","root_meaning":"to wash, cleanse","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wash","meaning":"to clean with water","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"wasshen","meaning":"to wash","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wascan","meaning":"to wash","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*waskan","meaning":"to wash","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["washing","washer","water","wet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clean","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rinse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bathe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"adeecbae-cac2-4320-9337-03fe6ae1e135","word":"washer","definition":"A machine for washing, especially clothes; a flat ring of metal or rubber used to make a joint watertight or to reduce friction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wascan","root_meaning":"to wash","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wat-sk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"washer","meaning":"one who washes; a device for washing; a flat ring","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"washere","meaning":"one who washes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wascan","meaning":"to wash","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wash","washing","washroom","washout","dishwasher"],"synonyms":[{"word":"laundress","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"laundry machine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gasket","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"dbbccd30-7c3f-4ae3-b7d3-21bb70fea025","word":"washington","definition":"The capital city of the United States, located on the Potomac River.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Washington","root_meaning":"the settlement of Hwæssa's people, named after George Washington","root_language":"English","root_era":"1700s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Washington","meaning":"the capital city of the United States","children":[{"era":"1791","word":"Washington","meaning":"named after George Washington","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Washington","meaning":"Hwæssa's settlement","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Washingtonian"],"synonyms":[{"word":"the nation's capital","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"2773e965-8440-4e14-87e4-bf1c78cc5849","word":"washroom","definition":"A room or public facility containing toilets and sinks.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæscan","root_meaning":"to wash","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"washroom","meaning":"a room or public facility containing toilets and sinks","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wash","meaning":"to clean with water","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"room","meaning":"space or chamber","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wash","washing","washer","washbasin","washhouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"restroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bathroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lavatory","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:55:29.545Z"}
{"id":"7218c3e1-dbf4-45c3-b81a-172dc07d43e2","word":"wasp","definition":"A stinging flying insect with a narrow waist.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wasp","meaning":"a stinging flying insect with a narrow waist","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wæsp / wæps","meaning":"wasp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wabisō","meaning":"wasp","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wasps","waspish","waspishness","wasp-waisted","waspily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yellowjacket","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hornet","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vespid","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:39:57.404Z"}
{"id":"d94195a1-fdf7-457c-9e00-23aed99600d3","word":"waste","definition":"Material or substance that is discarded as unwanted or excess, or to use something carelessly or inefficiently.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wæst","root_meaning":"desolate, uncultivated land","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waste","meaning":"discarded material or to squander","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wast","meaning":"desolate land","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *wostaz","meaning":"empty, desolate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wasteful","wasted","wasteland","wastage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"squander","formality":"formal"},{"word":"refuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garbage","formality":"informal"},{"word":"debris","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.991Z"}
{"id":"52a596a7-c86a-4201-80e6-4a876d87425e","word":"watch","definition":"To observe closely or to keep vigil; also a small timepiece.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"waccan","root_meaning":"to wake, remain awake","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"watch","meaning":"to observe or a timepiece","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waccan","meaning":"to wake, be awake","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wacian","meaning":"to be awake, watch","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["watching","watchful","watchman","watcher","wake"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"look at","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"monitor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"90a7331e-a4fd-4caf-a025-5c7b82d48dc5","word":"watches","definition":"Observes carefully or a timepiece worn on the wrist.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"waccan","root_meaning":"to wake, be awake","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wak-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"watches","meaning":"observes, or timepieces","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"watch","meaning":"to wake, be awake, guard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"waccan","meaning":"to wake, keep awake","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["watch","watcher","watching","watchful"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"monitors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"looks at","formality":"informal"},{"word":"guards","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.491Z"}
{"id":"a1715b88-f277-4f95-a1f0-7f461e073c28","word":"watchman","definition":"A person assigned to keep watch or guard, especially at night.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"waccheman","root_meaning":"watchman; guard","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"watchman","meaning":"a person who keeps watch or guard","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"waccheman","meaning":"watchman; guard","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"watch","meaning":"to watch, keep guard","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"man","meaning":"man; person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["watch","watching","watchful","watchmen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"guard","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sentinel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"watcher","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"8408d548-8ec7-4a03-8bb4-8f581c947fd4","word":"water","definition":"A transparent, colorless, odorless liquid that is essential for life.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæter","root_meaning":"water","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"water","meaning":"a clear liquid essential for life","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"water","meaning":"water","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"wæter","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["watery","waters","waterbed","watershed","watermelon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"liquid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aqua","formality":"technical"},{"word":"H₂O","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"ca328c30-0bee-4c81-8cb2-2fb0a57e1d84","word":"waterfall","definition":"A waterfall is a place where water flows over a steep drop.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waterfall","meaning":"a steep drop where water falls","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"water","meaning":"water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*watōr","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"fall","meaning":"to descend or drop","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*fallaną","meaning":"to fall","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["water","fall","waterfalls"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cascade","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cataract","formality":"formal"},{"word":"falls","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"ec089def-aa7c-4e2d-8348-6626842b7d16","word":"watermelon","definition":"A watermelon is a large, juicy fruit with a hard green rind and sweet red or pink flesh.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Dutch watermeloen","root_meaning":"watermelon","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"watermelon","meaning":"a large, juicy fruit with a hard green rind and sweet red or pink flesh","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"Dutch watermeloen","meaning":"watermelon","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"water","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Dutch"},{"era":"modern","word":"meloen","meaning":"melon","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["water","melon","watermelons","melons","melonlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"melon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fruit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"citrullus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"ccb98057-8b1a-475e-b812-5e1c5ac961a5","word":"waterproof","definition":"Impervious to water.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæter","root_meaning":"water","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"waterproof","meaning":"impervious to water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"water","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"proof","meaning":"impervious, tested against","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"proeve","meaning":"proof, test","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["water","proof","fireproof","soundproof","weatherproof","leakproof"],"synonyms":[{"word":"impermeable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"watertight","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"resistant","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"ed0dd30d-14fb-41d2-994f-07c9ebb43824","word":"watershed","definition":"An area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas, or a turning point or crucial moment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæter","root_meaning":"water","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wodōr","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"watershed","meaning":"drainage divide, turning point","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"watershed","meaning":"ridge separating river systems","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"water","meaning":"water","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shed","meaning":"divide, partition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["water","shedding","bloodshed","dividing","split","headwater"],"synonyms":[{"word":"divide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"turning point","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hydrographic divide","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"102adccf-bdec-4324-9f7a-bea941afc090","word":"wave","definition":"A moving ridge or swell on the surface of water.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"null","language_family":"germanic","root":"wafian","root_meaning":"to fluctuate, wander","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*webʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wave","meaning":"moving ridge of water","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"wafe","meaning":"a surge of water","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wafian","meaning":"to fluctuate, wander","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*wēban","meaning":"to move back and forth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["waver","wobble","weave","whiff","waft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undulation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ripple","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T20:02:38.867Z"}
{"id":"8882fa82-ef7a-423a-82fd-910bb7d4955a","word":"wax","definition":"To increase in size, quantity, or intensity; to grow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weaxan","root_meaning":"to grow, increase","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wahsanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wax","meaning":"To increase in size, quantity, or intensity; to grow.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weaxan","meaning":"to grow, increase","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["waxing","unwaxed","overwaxed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enlarge","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"increase","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"e823d899-194e-4c96-b7c3-5965552df3e6","word":"way","definition":"A path or route along which someone or something moves, or a manner of doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weg","root_meaning":"path, road, way","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weǵh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"way","meaning":"a path, route, or manner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"way","meaning":"path, road, manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weg","meaning":"path, road, way","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*weǵh-","meaning":"to carry, move, transport","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wayward","pathway","doorway","highway","byway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"path","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"route","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"manner","formality":"formal"},{"word":"method","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:15:41.056Z"}
{"id":"f6964c0c-c57f-40ac-bced-308b66d3b8a0","word":"ways","definition":"Paths, routes, or methods of doing something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vías","language_family":"germanic","root":"weg","root_meaning":"way, path, road","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wegh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"ways","meaning":"paths or methods","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"way","meaning":"a path, direction, manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weg","meaning":"path, way","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["way","away","wayward","pathway"],"synonyms":[{"word":"paths","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"routes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"methods","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.568Z"}
{"id":"85d6f4d2-e2a2-4466-8642-7797445f3d1e","word":"weak","definition":"Lacking physical strength, power, or intensity; not able to withstand force or pressure.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"veikr","root_meaning":"weak, pliant, yielding","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wīk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weak","meaning":"lacking strength","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"weik / waik","meaning":"weak, pliable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"veikr","meaning":"weak, pliant","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wīk-","meaning":"to bend, yield","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weakness","weaken","weakly","weakling","weakened"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feeble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"frail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"infirm","formality":"formal"},{"word":"puny","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:21:10.929Z"}
{"id":"abbd3c4d-4ce0-47af-8326-1eef68cd0abf","word":"weakly","definition":"In a weak or feeble manner.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*waikalīkaz","root_meaning":"weak; weakly","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weakly","meaning":"in a weak or feeble manner","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wāclīċe","meaning":"weakly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*waikalīkaz","meaning":"weak; weakly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weak","weaken","weakness","weakling","weakish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"feebly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"faintly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slightly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T17:28:48.348Z"}
{"id":"dff20731-869d-410a-ac5a-a6c2575ed457","word":"weakness","definition":"The state or condition of lacking strength; a fault or defect.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weik","root_meaning":"to yield, bend","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weakness","meaning":"lack of strength","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"weak","meaning":"weak","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"veikr","meaning":"weak","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weik","meaning":"to yield, bend","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*weik-","meaning":"to bend, yield","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weak","weaken","weakly","strength","debility"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frailty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"feebleness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"defect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flaw","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"ffb2bd2b-ab25-4477-aef0-9b11606b89a4","word":"wealth","definition":"An abundance of valuable possessions or money.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"riqueza","language_family":"germanic","root":"wela","root_meaning":"well-being, prosperity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"wealth","meaning":"Abundance of riches.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"wela","meaning":"Well-being, riches.","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"*wel-","meaning":"To wish, to will; welfare.","language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["wealthy","commonwealth","welfare"],"synonyms":[{"word":"riches","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fortune","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prosperity","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"68f37671-ea54-4ef5-808b-ebf70abadb91","word":"wealthy","definition":"Having a great deal of money, resources, or assets; rich.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wela","root_meaning":"well-being, prosperity","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*welōn","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wealthy","meaning":"having great wealth","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"welthi","meaning":"prosperous","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wela","meaning":"well-being, prosperity","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*welōn","meaning":"well-being","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weal","well","welfare","commonwealth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rich","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"affluent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prosperous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"opulent","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:13:43.928Z"}
{"id":"a9adf985-e7da-490b-89ed-159d01970e69","word":"weapon","definition":"A thing designed or used for inflicting bodily harm or physical damage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæpen","root_meaning":"weapon, instrument of war","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wēpaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weapon","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wæpen","meaning":"weapon, instrument of war","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wēpaną","meaning":"weapon","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weaponry","war","wop (archaic slang for a type of sword)"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ordnance","formality":"technical"},{"word":"armament","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"implement","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:03:02.137Z"}
{"id":"fc1e8732-80f8-48bb-9ece-f2effac5af22","word":"wear","definition":"To have clothing on the body, or to gradually damage or reduce by use or friction.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"werian","root_meaning":"to clothe, to protect","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wear","meaning":"to have on body, to erode","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wear","meaning":"to clothe, to protect","children":[{"era":"500 CE","word":"werian","meaning":"to clothe","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*wer-","meaning":"to cover, protect","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wearing","worn","weary","wearable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"don","formality":"formal"},{"word":"put on","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erode","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.196Z"}
{"id":"32318fda-72ea-40fb-b7d6-c25d7b0e7e8d","word":"weary","definition":"Feeling or showing tiredness, especially as a result of excessive exertion or lack of sleep.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wōrig","root_meaning":"tired, miserable","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wōrigaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weary","meaning":"tired","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wōrig","meaning":"tired, miserable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wōrigaz","meaning":"tired","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weariness","unwearied","aweary","worry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tired","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fatigued","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"exhausted","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drained","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:07:37.407Z"}
{"id":"20017ebb-e35f-40ff-8329-f0f9ed280792","word":"weasel","definition":"A small, slender carnivorous mammal with a long body, short legs, and a reddish-brown coat.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wesule","root_meaning":"weasel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wisulō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weasel","meaning":"Small carnivorous mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wesule","meaning":"weasel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wisulō","meaning":"weasel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weaselly","mustelid","ferret"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ferret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stoat","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"0c13cc6f-644d-422b-8a14-9c54b8b1273e","word":"weather","definition":"The state of the atmosphere with respect to temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weder","root_meaning":"wind, breeze, weather","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wedr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weather","meaning":"atmospheric conditions","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weder","meaning":"weather, air, wind","children":[{"era":"800 BCE","word":"wedrom","meaning":"weather, wind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weather","weathered","weathering","weatherman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"conditions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"climate","formality":"formal"},{"word":"atmosphere","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"174aae84-8c75-4edf-a3d4-7be1656521ee","word":"weave","definition":"To weave is to make cloth or another fabric-like structure by interlacing threads or strands.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*webaną","root_meaning":"to weave, braid","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*webʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weave","meaning":"to make cloth or a similar structure by interlacing threads or strands","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"weven","meaning":"to weave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wefan","meaning":"to weave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*weban","meaning":"to weave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*webaną","meaning":"to weave, braid","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*webʰ-","meaning":"to weave, braid","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Proto-West Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weaving","woven","wove","weaver"],"synonyms":[{"word":"interlace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"braid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lace","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"a209936b-82ff-48d0-9f09-9030da29a239","word":"weaver","definition":"A person who weaves fabric.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wefan","root_meaning":"to weave","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*webh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weaver","meaning":"person who weaves","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wefan","meaning":"to weave","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*webhaną","meaning":"to weave","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*webh-","meaning":"to weave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weave","woven","web","weft","weaving"],"synonyms":[{"word":"textile worker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spinner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"loom operator","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"89025252-1fba-46d4-ad49-dd84ffb30073","word":"web","definition":"A network of fine threads constructed by a spider or similar creature.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"webb","root_meaning":"woven fabric","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*webh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"web","meaning":"woven fabric, network","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"webb","meaning":"woven fabric","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*webh-","meaning":"to weave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weave","woven","webbing","website"],"synonyms":[{"word":"network","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mesh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cobweb","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"8f26769c-e3db-4384-a1f2-1ba2ef2d7939","word":"webcast","definition":"A broadcast of an event over the internet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"web, broadcast","root_meaning":"woven fabric, spread widely","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"webcast","meaning":"a broadcast over the internet","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"web","meaning":"woven fabric","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"18th C.","word":"broadcast","meaning":"to scatter widely","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"broad","meaning":"wide","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"cast","meaning":"to throw","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["website","webinar","podcast","telecast","broadcaster"],"synonyms":[{"word":"livestream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"internet broadcast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"online presentation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"5d5d718c-d040-46ef-bc59-b036c12f1c8f","word":"webmaster","definition":"A person responsible for maintaining and managing a website.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"webmaster","meaning":"website administrator","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"web","meaning":"World Wide Web","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"master","meaning":"skilled person, expert","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["webmaster's","web","master","sysadmin"],"synonyms":[{"word":"website administrator","formality":"formal"},{"word":"site admin","formality":"informal"},{"word":"web developer","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}
{"id":"b8f02814-3a34-4d93-8b79-bd96cc7a7511","word":"webpage","definition":"A document, typically written in HTML, that is stored on a web server and can be accessed and displayed by a web browser.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"web + page","root_meaning":"interconnected strands; sheet of paper/writing","root_language":"English","root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"webpage","meaning":"A document on the web","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"web","meaning":"fabric, net","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"13th century","word":"page","meaning":"sheet of paper","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["website","webmaster","homepage","page"],"synonyms":[{"word":"page","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"document","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"site","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:07:17.808Z"}
{"id":"958a1794-ebf0-434d-8978-4b8cc4a66d00","word":"website","definition":"A location on the World Wide Web containing related web pages.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"sitio web","language_family":"other","root":"web (Old English webb) + site (Latin situs)","root_meaning":"woven fabric + position, location","root_language":"Mixed Modern English compound","root_era":"1990s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1990s","word":"website","meaning":"web location with related pages","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"web","meaning":"woven fabric","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"classical","word":"site","meaning":"position, location","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["web","site","webpage","webmaster","website's"],"synonyms":[{"word":"web page","formality":"technical"},{"word":"online presence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"domain","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.891Z"}
{"id":"b73d3f32-4aeb-4e95-bd78-77f4a5bb3a8e","word":"websites","definition":"Pages of information on the Internet belonging to a person, organization, or service.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"web","root_meaning":"woven fabric or network","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*webh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"websites","meaning":"Internet pages of information","children":[{"era":"1990s","word":"website","meaning":"single site on the web","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"web","meaning":"woven fabric","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"webh","meaning":"to weave","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"classical","word":"site","meaning":"location or position","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["web","website","webmaster","webpage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"webpage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"online portal","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"web presence","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:16.288Z"}
{"id":"0cedd892-e1c0-4fd7-80b2-9e59974b483f","word":"wed","definition":"To marry or unite in marriage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"unir","language_family":"germanic","root":"wedjaną","root_meaning":"to pledge, wager","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wédh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wed","meaning":"to marry","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"wedde","meaning":"to pledge, marry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wedjaną","meaning":"to pledge, wager, marry","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wedding","wedlock","wedge"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unite","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"espouse","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"6296b61b-80ba-4db6-92ae-88f4b202f770","word":"wedding","definition":"A ceremony in which two people are united in marriage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English weddian","root_meaning":"to pledge, to marry","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wadh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wedding","meaning":"marriage ceremony","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"weddinge","meaning":"act of marrying","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weddian","meaning":"to pledge, to marry","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wed","wedlock","wedded","wedding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marriage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nuptials","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ceremony","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.698Z"}
{"id":"b73a370f-e3cf-4b2a-9d2a-9f3751ff8eaa","word":"wedge","definition":"A piece of material that tapers to a thin edge and is used for splitting, securing, or tightening.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wecg","root_meaning":"wedge","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wedge","meaning":"a tapered piece used for splitting, securing, or tightening","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wecg","meaning":"wedge","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wedged","wedging","wedge-shaped","wedgewise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"chock","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shim","formality":"technical"},{"word":"block","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"bbf50f64-ab9b-4bfd-ad42-2cc9308d1edb","word":"wednesday","definition":"The fourth day of the week, named after Woden or Wodan, a Germanic god.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"miércoles","language_family":"germanic","root":"Wōdanaz","root_meaning":"Woden, Germanic god of wisdom","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Wednesday","meaning":"fourth day of the week","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Wednesdæg","meaning":"Woden's day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Wōdanaz","meaning":"Germanic god of wisdom","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Woden","Wodan","Mercury"],"synonyms":[{"word":"midweek","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hump day","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.845Z"}
{"id":"5cbd3e9f-61f4-4eb6-9624-f56bb9837ec7","word":"weed","definition":"A wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with cultivated plants.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weod","root_meaning":"herb, grass, weed","root_language":"old english","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weed","meaning":"unwanted plant","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weod","meaning":"herb, grass, weed","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weedy","seaweed","pondweed","weedkiller"],"synonyms":[{"word":"herb","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"plant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"undesirable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"5d8c3ef8-ea1d-4991-b0fb-513a61588aa7","word":"week","definition":"A period of seven consecutive days.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wicu","root_meaning":"succession of days","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wikon-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"week","meaning":"period of seven days","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wicu","meaning":"succession of days","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wikon-","meaning":"turn, succession","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weekend","weekly","midweek"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seven days","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hebdomad","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.780Z"}
{"id":"bbc4813e-62b0-48cb-9b7e-ac243873c8cf","word":"weekend","definition":"The period from Friday evening through Sunday evening when most people do not work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"fin de semana","language_family":"germanic","root":"wica","root_meaning":"week","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wikōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weekend","meaning":"non-working days at end of week","children":[{"era":"1870s","word":"weekend","meaning":"Saturday and Sunday","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"week","meaning":"period of seven days","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wica","meaning":"week, turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"800s","word":"end","meaning":"terminus","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["week","weekly","weekday","weeknight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Saturday and Sunday","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rest days","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"days off","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.246Z"}
{"id":"09f0440d-827f-4c22-975d-3215587d77a9","word":"weekly","definition":"Occurring or produced once a week.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wice","root_meaning":"sequence of days","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weekly","meaning":"once per week","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"week","meaning":"a period of seven days","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*wik-","meaning":"sequence, turning","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["week","weekday","weekend","weekly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hebdomadal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"once a week","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.467Z"}
{"id":"dd6f90a3-a455-44e1-ae31-3c1e1039380b","word":"weeks","definition":"Plural of week; periods of seven consecutive days.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"semana","language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wicu","root_meaning":"a sequence of days, week","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wik- (turn, sequence)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Weeks","meaning":"periods of seven days","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wicu","meaning":"turning, sequence","children":[{"era":"700-1100","word":"week","meaning":"seven days","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["week","weekly","weekend","weekday"],"synonyms":[{"word":"seven days","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fortnight halves","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.429Z"}
{"id":"e9d36678-5b8d-43ad-81c4-3d3422df47bf","word":"weep","definition":"To shed tears, typically as an expression of distress, pain, or sorrow.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wēpan","root_meaning":"to cry, bewail","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wopjaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weep","meaning":"to cry","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wepen","meaning":"to cry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wēpan","meaning":"to cry, bewail","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*wopjaną","meaning":"to cry out, to weep","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wept","weeping","weeper","bewail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mourn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"c851b267-5348-4f3f-bf58-131a6e141bef","word":"weigh","definition":"To ascertain the heaviness of an object, or to have a certain heaviness.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wegan","root_meaning":"to carry, to move, to lift, to weigh","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wegʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weigh","meaning":"ascertain heaviness","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wegan","meaning":"to carry, move, lift, weigh","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wegʰ-","meaning":"to go, move, transport","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weight","weighty","weighing","way","wagon"],"synonyms":[{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"assess","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"685cdd32-bb46-4da2-909d-2c84df41d72f","word":"weight","definition":"The force exerted by a body as a result of gravity, or relative heaviness.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wight","root_meaning":"creature, being, thing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wight-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weight","meaning":"heaviness or force due to gravity","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wight","meaning":"creature, being, thing","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"Proto-Germanic *wiktiz","meaning":"creature, person","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weigh","weighty","weightless","outweigh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"heaviness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mass","formality":"technical"},{"word":"heft","formality":"informal"},{"word":"burden","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.761Z"}
{"id":"076e8b47-a80f-4c7d-9098-27285fcb5013","word":"weird","definition":"Strange or unusual in a way that is difficult to explain or understand.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wyrd","root_meaning":"fate, destiny","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weird","meaning":"strange, uncanny","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"weird","meaning":"having power over fate; unearthly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wyrd","meaning":"fate, destiny","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wurðiz","meaning":"that which becomes, fate","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*wer-","meaning":"to turn, bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wyrd","worth","weird","eerie","uncanny"],"synonyms":[{"word":"strange","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"uncanny","formality":"literary"},{"word":"peculiar","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bizarre","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"a73a81f4-8a5f-4d26-824f-174f115649a6","word":"weirdo","definition":"A person who behaves in a strange or unusual way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wyrd","root_meaning":"fate, destiny","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weirdo","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"weird","meaning":"strange, uncanny","children":[{"era":"c. 1500","word":"weird","meaning":"fate, destiny, also applied to witches","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wyrd","meaning":"fate, destiny","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["weird","weirdness","wyrd"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eccentric","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"oddball","formality":"informal"},{"word":"peculiar","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"freak","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"74c07084-c18f-428a-bc0f-e683482789eb","word":"weiss","definition":"A German surname and loanword from German Weiß, meaning \"white.\"","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wīz","root_meaning":"white","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwītaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weiss","meaning":"a German surname, from German \"white\"","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Weiß / weiss","meaning":"white","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīz","meaning":"white","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hwītaz","meaning":"white, bright","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*kʷeid-","meaning":"to shine, be bright/white","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"Modern German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["white","whiten","whitish","whit","Weiß"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"last name","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"06f8f4dd-aa8c-48fe-8781-debb9f9b0760","word":"welcome","definition":"Gladly received or admitted; expressing pleasure at someone's arrival.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wilcuma","root_meaning":"desired guest, one whose coming pleases","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"welcome","meaning":"gladly received or admitted","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"welcome","meaning":"desired guest","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wilcuma","meaning":"one whose coming pleases","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["welcomed","welcoming","welcomes","unwelcome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accepted","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gratifying","formality":"formal"},{"word":"appreciated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.554Z"}
{"id":"4c9dfe84-ba07-40e5-a617-dde4684322b8","word":"weld","definition":"To join (metals or plastics) by heating the surfaces to the point of liquefaction or by applying pressure and often filler material.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weallan","root_meaning":"to boil, bubble, stream","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wallanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"weld","meaning":"to join by heating","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wellan","meaning":"to boil, bubble, stream","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"wallanan","meaning":"to boil","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["well (up)","boiling","welder","welding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fuse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"join","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"solder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"a96ccdb9-3d2d-400b-8990-15c774b5290e","word":"well","definition":"A deep hole dug or drilled to obtain water, oil, or gas, or in good health and satisfactory condition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wiellan","root_meaning":"to boil, bubble, spring up","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"well","meaning":"water source or state of good health","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wiellan","meaning":"to boil, bubble, spring up","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*wel-","meaning":"to turn, roll, flow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["welling","wells","wellspring","wellness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"source","formality":"formal"},{"word":"borehole","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.673Z"}
{"id":"a2f99a16-300c-4c9c-9386-2bb91dcde86e","word":"wellington","definition":"A type of waterproof boot, typically made of rubber or plastic.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Weolingtun","root_meaning":"settlement of Weola's people or by a spring","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wellington","meaning":"a type of boot","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Wellington","meaning":"named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Wellington","meaning":"settlement of Weola's people, or near a well/spring","children":[],"language":"Old English place name"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["well","town","settlement","village","boot","gumboot"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gumboot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"rain boot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:15:38.460Z"}
{"id":"1b261102-ee66-44e8-9c98-9d7e4724e3ac","word":"wellness","definition":"The state of being in good health, especially as an actively pursued goal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"well","root_meaning":"in good condition, fortunate","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wellness","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"well","meaning":"in good health","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wella","meaning":"well, in good condition","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*welō","meaning":"well","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wel-","meaning":"to wish, want","children":[],"language":"PIE"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["well-being","healthy","illness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"health","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fitness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"well-being","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:09:29.767Z"}
{"id":"1ff4a5e0-ff38-4b32-8250-b842bf0d6c23","word":"welsh","definition":"Of or relating to Wales, its people, or their language.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Wealh","root_meaning":"foreigner, Celt","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*walhaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"welsh","meaning":"Of or relating to Wales","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Wēalas (plural of Wealh)","meaning":"Celt, Briton, Roman","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*walhaz","meaning":"foreigner, Roman, Celt","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Wales","Walloon","Vlach","Gaulish","Welshman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Cambrian","formality":"literary"},{"word":"Cymric","formality":"literary"},{"word":"British (historical)","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:09:51.775Z"}
{"id":"582e531b-3f74-40a0-a553-f24e22dd70f9","word":"wen","definition":"A benign lump or wart-like swelling on the skin or head.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*wanja-","root_meaning":"a swelling","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wen","meaning":"a benign lump or wart-like swelling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wenn","meaning":"a wen, tumor, wart","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wanja-","meaning":"a swelling","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wen- (2)","meaning":"to beat, wound","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wound","wounded","wounding","wounds"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bump","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wart","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tumor","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T11:33:24.413Z"}
{"id":"5d4a30f4-1ede-4a4e-b682-2cd6a2394812","word":"wench","definition":"An archaic or pejorative word for a girl or young woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *wankilą","root_meaning":"swaying; wavering; unsteady","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wench","meaning":"an archaic or pejorative word for a girl or young woman","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wench / wenche","meaning":"girl; maiden; young woman","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wenchel","meaning":"girl; maiden; child","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wenċel / winċel","meaning":"child; servant; slave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wankilą","meaning":"swaying; wavering; unsteady","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wenchel","wencher","wenching","wenches","wankle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"girl","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"},{"word":"maiden","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"ca278c85-eb26-44dc-8e47-a1fb8cc90756","word":"went","definition":"Past tense of go, indicating movement or departure.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wendan","root_meaning":"to turn, proceed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*wend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"went","meaning":"past tense of go","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wende","meaning":"went","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"wendan","meaning":"to turn, proceed, go","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"windiz","meaning":"to turn, wind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["go","wend","gone","going"],"synonyms":[{"word":"traveled","formality":"formal"},{"word":"departed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"headed","formality":"informal"},{"word":"proceeded","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.002Z"}
{"id":"1ee5e98f-2015-4976-8d29-4f95b70fea86","word":"were","definition":"Second person singular or first, second, or third person plural past tense of be.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wǽron","root_meaning":"were, stayed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"were","meaning":"past tense of be","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wǽron","meaning":"were","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wesum","meaning":"to be, stay","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["be","been","being","was"],"synonyms":[{"word":"existed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"was","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"43340003-585f-4e6a-a8bf-ba47959c3075","word":"werewolf","definition":"A mythical creature, a human with the ability to shapeshift into a wolf.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"werwulf","root_meaning":"man-wolf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"werewolf","meaning":"a person transformed into a wolf","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"werwulf","meaning":"man-wolf","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wer","meaning":"man","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wulf","meaning":"wolf","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wolf","man","lycanthropy","wergeld"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lycanthrope","formality":"technical"},{"word":"shapeshifter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beast","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:20:50.894Z"}
{"id":"828de9ea-0ada-4aa5-84ef-3dff1062afd2","word":"west","definition":"The direction toward the sunset; the region or countries in this direction.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"oeste","language_family":"germanic","root":"west","root_meaning":"direction of sunset","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"west","meaning":"sunset direction","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"west","meaning":"sunset direction","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"west","meaning":"west, westward","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*wes-","meaning":"evening, night","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["western","westward","southwest","northwest","westerner"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occidental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"westward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sunset direction","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"c548fd37-e165-466a-aa0c-033f147adf91","word":"western","definition":"Of, relating to, or situated in the west; characteristic of the Western world.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":"occidental","language_family":"germanic","root":"west","root_meaning":"the direction of the setting sun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"western","meaning":"of or in the west","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"west","meaning":"direction of sunset","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*wes-","meaning":"to dwell, sunset direction","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["west","westerly","westward","western-most"],"synonyms":[{"word":"occidental","formality":"formal"},{"word":"west","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"westward","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.483Z"}
{"id":"b0cbfb7b-de6d-4c80-a8c5-e258f26196c8","word":"wet","definition":"Covered or saturated with water or another liquid.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wæt","root_meaning":"wet, moist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wed-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wet","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wæt","meaning":"wet, moist","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wat","meaning":"wet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["water","wash","wetness","wetter"],"synonyms":[{"word":"moist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"damp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"soaked","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"808dc883-f191-4cd2-bb6f-7f7fb4c8f0e7","word":"whale","definition":"A very large marine mammal with a streamlined hairless body, a horizontal tail fin, and a blowhole on top of the head for breathing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwal","root_meaning":"whale","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kw(h)al-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whale","meaning":"a large marine mammal","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwæl","meaning":"whale","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*hwalaz","meaning":"whale","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["narwhal","walrus","halibut","whaling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cetacean","formality":"technical"},{"word":"leviathan","formality":"literary"},{"word":"sea giant","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:05:39.616Z"}
{"id":"040e32a1-011b-4118-b806-e5c262538ce5","word":"wham","definition":"A loud, heavy blow or impact.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wham","meaning":"a loud, heavy blow or impact","children":[{"era":"1920s","word":"echoic formation","meaning":"an imitative sound word","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whammy","whammo","wham-bam","whammed","whamming"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"smack","formality":"informal"},{"word":"thud","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T14:38:06.774Z"}
{"id":"0ba7e12f-1a07-40e1-9ccf-4a8fc2849516","word":"what","definition":"Used to ask for information about something or to introduce a clause about something.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwæt","root_meaning":"what, which thing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"what","meaning":"interrogative or relative pronoun","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"hwæt","meaning":"what, which thing","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hwat","meaning":"what","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whatever","whatsoever","whit"],"synonyms":[{"word":"which thing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"that which","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"9151defe-a5fd-46e4-859e-1b2eb938c494","word":"whatever","definition":"Anything or any amount; used to express indifference or to emphasize scope.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"what","root_meaning":"which thing","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwat-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whatever","meaning":"anything at all","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"what + ever","meaning":"any thing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwæt","meaning":"which thing","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["what","whatsoever","whenever","wherever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anything","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"no matter what","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"anything at all","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.496Z"}
{"id":"d801eb37-6833-465f-b4ec-12b69e300259","word":"whatnot","definition":"A miscellaneous thing or assortment of unspecified items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whatnot","meaning":"a miscellaneous thing or assortment of unspecified items","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"what","meaning":"a question word for things or identity","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"not","meaning":"negation or absence","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["what","whatever","whatsoever","nothing","naught"],"synonyms":[{"word":"odds and ends","formality":"informal"},{"word":"miscellany","formality":"formal"},{"word":"assortment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T02:42:12.880Z"}
{"id":"24a816e2-61c0-4da8-9af0-64976d60efd1","word":"whatsoever","definition":"At all; of any kind (used for emphasis after a negative).","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"what so ever","root_meaning":"whatever, of any kind","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whatsoever","meaning":"at all, of any kind","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"what so ever","meaning":"whatever, of any kind","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"what","meaning":"what","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"so","meaning":"so","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ever","meaning":"ever","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whatever","whichever","however","whencesoever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"at all","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in any respect","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"acdf2f9c-4325-4884-bb56-2abdbb161789","word":"wheat","definition":"A cereal grain, the most important type grown in temperate countries.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwæt","root_meaning":"white","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₂weyd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wheat","meaning":"A cereal grain.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwǣte","meaning":"wheat","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*waitija-","meaning":"wheat","children":[{"era":"3000-2500 BCE","word":"*h₂weyd-","meaning":"to lighten, whiten","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["white","whiten","whitish","wheatgrass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cereal","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:19:15.147Z"}
{"id":"b4a9e704-4f38-49b5-a2f6-8644379cc2fc","word":"whee","definition":"An interjection used to express excitement, delight, or exhilaration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whee","meaning":"an exclamation of excitement or delight","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"whee","meaning":"a sound-symbolic cry imitating a high-pitched squeal or whistle","children":[],"language":"imitative formation"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wheee","whoop","whiz","woohoo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yippee","formality":"informal"},{"word":"whoopee","formality":"informal"},{"word":"woohoo","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"708ece5c-c966-42aa-bbe1-f4185b98091b","word":"wheel","definition":"A circular object that rotates on an axle and is used to facilitate movement or transmission of power.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwēol","root_meaning":"circular object that turns","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wheel","meaning":"a rotating circular device","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wheel","meaning":"hwēol, rotating disk","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hwēol","meaning":"circular turning object","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*kwel-","meaning":"to turn, to roll","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wheeled","wheeler","wheelbarrow","wheels"],"synonyms":[{"word":"disk","formality":"technical"},{"word":"tire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rim","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.286Z"}
{"id":"7f1ae919-1479-47cd-9d76-a4e06d65c537","word":"wheelchair","definition":"A chair with wheels, designed for use by people who cannot walk.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wheel, chair","root_meaning":"circular frame, seat","root_language":"Old English, Old French","root_era":"pre-1100 (wheel), 1200s (chair)","proto_root":"*kʷekʷlo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wheelchair","meaning":"A chair with wheels, designed for use by people who cannot walk.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wheel","meaning":"circular frame, disk","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hwehwlaz","meaning":"wheel","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*kʷekʷlo-","meaning":"wheel, circle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"chair","meaning":"seat","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"cathedra","meaning":"seat, chair","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"kathédra","meaning":"seat","children":[],"language":"Ancient Greek"}],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wheeled","wheelbarrow","chairperson","armchair","rollator"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mobility aid","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"invalid chair","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"rolling chair","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"9caec0dd-04a0-47ae-b9dd-69fa60dc9f46","word":"wheeze","definition":"To wheeze is to breathe with a rough, high-pitched, whistling sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwēosan","root_meaning":"to wheeze, hiss, pant","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wheeze","meaning":"to breathe with a rough, high-pitched, whistling sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwēosan","meaning":"to wheeze, hiss, pant","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wheezing","wheezy","wheezer","wheezed","wheezily"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pant","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"puff","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:30:50.423Z"}
{"id":"969d5f8a-3528-4ea6-89ca-1309b1c457eb","word":"when","definition":"At what time or during the time that something happens.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwenne","root_meaning":"at what time, when","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800-1100","proto_root":"*hwen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"when","meaning":"at what time or during the time that","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"when","meaning":"when, at what time","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"hwenne","meaning":"at what time, when","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hwen-","meaning":"when","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whenever","whence","while","whence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"at what time","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at which time","formality":"formal"},{"word":"during the time that","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"bf51407f-4e97-491c-8947-491063d727a9","word":"whenever","definition":"At whatever time; on whatever occasion.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwonne, ǣfre","root_meaning":"when, ever","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whenever","meaning":"At whatever time.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"when","meaning":"at what time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwonne","meaning":"when","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"ever","meaning":"at any time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣfre","meaning":"ever","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wherever","however","whatever","whenever possible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anytime","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at any time","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:03:13.590Z"}
{"id":"42913782-f37f-492f-823d-5d7bf584abc1","word":"where","definition":"At, in, or to what place or location.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English hwær","root_meaning":"at what place","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"where","meaning":"at what place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwær","meaning":"at what place","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*hwer-","meaning":"interrogative stem for location","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whereas","whereby","wherefore","wherever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"what place","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"location","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spot","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:15:41.056Z"}
{"id":"172e692e-ff25-4b4c-babe-cd8ed04c19dc","word":"whereabouts","definition":"The place where someone or something is.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"where + about","root_meaning":"at what place + around","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whereabouts","meaning":"location","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"where","meaning":"at what place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"about","meaning":"around","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["where","about","herein","therein","hereabouts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"location","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"position","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"locale","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:18:44.922Z"}
{"id":"c4ce659c-b7e2-4d2c-8fdc-5cda693cac6c","word":"whereas","definition":"In contrast or comparison with the fact that; while on the contrary.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wher as","root_meaning":"where + as (in that respect)","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1300s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whereas","meaning":"In contrast or comparison with","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"wher as","meaning":"where as","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwær","meaning":"where","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"alswa","meaning":"also, as","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wherever","wherefore","therefore","insofar"],"synonyms":[{"word":"while","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"although","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"however","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"c4c80d32-8e47-4913-8d86-e63d414e2640","word":"wherever","definition":"In any place or circumstance whatever.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwǣr","root_meaning":"where","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wherever","meaning":"in any place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"where","meaning":"at what place","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ever","meaning":"at any time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["where","anywhere","everywhere","whither","whereabouts"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anywhere","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"no matter where","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wherever possible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:20:34.449Z"}
{"id":"e3b23759-d12c-43af-800b-0c949a786c3f","word":"whether","definition":"A conjunction expressing doubt between alternatives; if.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwaether","root_meaning":"which of two","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whether","meaning":"expressing conditional doubt between alternatives","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"whether","meaning":"which of two","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwaether","meaning":"which of two","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["either","neither","rather","wherewithal"],"synonyms":[{"word":"if","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"which","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.812Z"}
{"id":"abd1af80-55e9-49a6-bd2e-2eb4cb868561","word":"whew","definition":"An exclamation expressing relief, surprise, or exhaustion.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whew","meaning":"An exclamation expressing relief, surprise, or exhaustion.","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"whew","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whoa","pshew","phew","shoo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"phew","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ah","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gosh","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:16:48.517Z"}
{"id":"d19c916a-ba9c-490f-b26f-c95c3f8ba412","word":"which","definition":"Used to ask about a person or thing, or to introduce a clause about something previously mentioned.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwilc","root_meaning":"what kind of, which","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-lik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"which","meaning":"interrogative or relative pronoun","children":[{"era":"1200-1500","word":"which","meaning":"which, what","children":[{"era":"800-1100","word":"hwilc","meaning":"what kind of, which","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whichever","whilom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"what","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"that one","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"the one","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:31.020Z"}
{"id":"c77dea81-9786-4e9c-a8d5-05fe69b067bf","word":"whichever","definition":"Whichever means any one of a set, without specifying which one in advance.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwilikaz","root_meaning":"which one","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwilikaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whichever","meaning":"any one of a set, without specifying which one in advance","children":[{"era":"1100s–1500s","word":"which","meaning":"which one","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwilc","meaning":"which","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ever","meaning":"at any time; intensifier in compounds","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["which","whatever","whoever","whichever one"],"synonyms":[{"word":"any","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"either","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whatever","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T23:24:33.976Z"}
{"id":"248df3d4-ceed-434a-a7b9-6217e120c729","word":"whiff","definition":"A whiff is a brief puff or faint trace of air, odor, smoke, or sound.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whiff","meaning":"a brief puff or faint trace of something","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"Middle English whif","meaning":"a puff or blow; probably imitative in origin","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whiffs","whiffed","whiffing","whiffle","whiffletree"],"synonyms":[{"word":"puff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trace","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breath","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"51213c0f-f8b1-40c1-a184-8b01ca6e5604","word":"while","definition":"A period of time; used to introduce a contrast or during the time that something happens.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwīl","root_meaning":"rest, a period of time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kweh₂il- (to rest)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"while","meaning":"during the time that; a period of time","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"while","meaning":"a period of time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwīl","meaning":"rest, repose, time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whilom","awhile","whilst","whiles"],"synonyms":[{"word":"during","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whereas","formality":"formal"},{"word":"although","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"92d658f2-414c-458b-af4e-d06eadad8f90","word":"whilst","definition":"During the time that; simultaneously.","part_of_speech":"conjunction","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwīl","root_meaning":"time, while","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷih₁l-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whilst","meaning":"during the time that","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"whilest","meaning":"while, during the time that","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwīl","meaning":"time, period","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["while","whilom","erstwhile","meanwhile","whilere"],"synonyms":[{"word":"during","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whereas","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"at the same time as","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:07:24.767Z"}
{"id":"cebf3ca2-2421-47fc-b67d-19767a0e0c6e","word":"whim","definition":"A sudden capricious impulse or fancy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whim","meaning":"a sudden capricious impulse or fancy","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whimsy","whimsical","whim-wham","whimsicality"],"synonyms":[{"word":"caprice","formality":"formal"},{"word":"fancy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"notion","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"d5fd27cf-19d6-43cc-822a-74f86e386464","word":"whimper","definition":"To make a series of low, weak sounds expressive of fear, pain, or distress.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"whimpen","root_meaning":"to whimper","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whimper","meaning":"to make weak sounds","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"whimpen","meaning":"to whimper","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whine","weep","wail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sob","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pule","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"71713d29-a1bc-4c8b-ac9c-a41578418b9d","word":"whine","definition":"To utter a long, high-pitched cry, typically of pain, fear, or discontent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwinsian","root_meaning":"to whimper, to lament","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*khwīns-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whine","meaning":"utter a high-pitched cry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwinsian","meaning":"to whimper, lament","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whimper","whinge","groan","moan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"complain","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grumble","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"moan","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wail","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:23:46.174Z"}
{"id":"c0606c97-e727-45d8-b8f6-63cf74d8a763","word":"whinny","definition":"To make a soft, high-pitched horse sound, especially as a neigh or nicker.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"whin-","root_meaning":"imitative horse-call sound","root_language":"English","root_era":"Middle English","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whinny","meaning":"to make a soft, high-pitched horse sound","children":[{"era":"1300s-1400s","word":"whinnyen / whinnen","meaning":"to make a horse-like sound","children":[{"era":"Middle English","word":"whin-","meaning":"an imitative horse sound","children":[],"language":"English sound-symbolic base"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whinnying","whinnied","whinnies","whin","whinnying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"neigh","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nicker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whicker","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T05:23:53.823Z"}
{"id":"77f35094-17bb-41fc-8f7a-8b2ed0a6a173","word":"whip","definition":"A strip of leather or length of cord fastened to a handle, used for flogging or beating.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwipian","root_meaning":"to move quickly, to strike","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwipjan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whip","meaning":"A strip of leather for flogging","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwipian","meaning":"to move quickly, to strike","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hwipjan-","meaning":"to swing, to move quickly","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whiplash","whiff","whoop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flail","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"strap","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"switch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"1c10509d-97f8-4655-ad8e-27f1254bb9a2","word":"whir","definition":"(of an object or a person's head) move or cause to move quickly with a humming sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwyrf","root_meaning":"to turn, whirl","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwerf-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whir","meaning":"move with humming sound","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"whirren","meaning":"to turn quickly","children":[],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwyrf","meaning":"turn, whirl","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whirl","whirr","worry","swerve"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hum","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"buzz","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"drone","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"f1af92aa-8c7e-4fe8-9204-5e2875821123","word":"whisker","definition":"A whisker is a stiff hair growing on the face of a person or animal.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whisker","meaning":"a stiff hair growing on the face of a person or animal","children":[{"era":"uncertain","word":"whisk","meaning":"to move or sweep quickly; the base that gave rise to the hair term","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"current","word":"-er","meaning":"noun-forming suffix","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whisk","whisked","whiskery","unwhiskered"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mustache","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"facial hair","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vibrissae","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T11:57:38.349Z"}
{"id":"c9284bbd-1a9a-49bc-9134-cba9a4f11164","word":"whiskey","definition":"A strong alcoholic spirit distilled from fermented grain mash.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"uisce beatha","root_meaning":"water of life","root_language":"Irish Gaelic/Scottish Gaelic","root_era":"1500s-1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whiskey","meaning":"A strong alcoholic spirit distilled from fermented grain mash.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"usquebaugh","meaning":"whiskey","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"uisce beatha","meaning":"water of life","children":[],"language":"Irish Gaelic"}],"language":"Anglicized Irish/Scottish Gaelic"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["usquebaugh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spirit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"liquor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dram","formality":"informal"},{"word":"hooch","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:14:42.441Z"}
{"id":"7d825cba-9d29-4c40-9a69-f959b8a9df27","word":"whisky","definition":"A distilled alcoholic drink made from fermented grain mash.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"whisky","language_family":"other","root":"uisge beatha","root_meaning":"water of life","root_language":"Scottish Gaelic","root_era":"1400s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1700s","word":"whisky","meaning":"Grain spirit.","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"usquebaugh","meaning":"Whisky.","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"uisge beatha","meaning":"Water of life (calque of Latin aqua vitae).","language":"Scottish Gaelic"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["whiskey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"scotch","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bourbon","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spirit","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"10662d70-260a-441e-8850-657a52cf6aa3","word":"whisper","definition":"To speak very softly using one's breath rather than one's vocal cords.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwisprian","root_meaning":"to whisper, murmur","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwis-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whisper","meaning":"speak softly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwisprian","meaning":"to whisper, murmur","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hiss","whistle","whisperer","whispering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"murmur","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mutter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"breathe","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"a166e504-f151-4f88-b2f0-a34acf1db3dd","word":"whistle","definition":"To make a clear, high-pitched sound by forcing air through a small opening or instrument.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwistlian","root_meaning":"to whistle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whistle","meaning":"make a whistling sound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwistlian","meaning":"to whistle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hiss","whisper","whoosh","fife"],"synonyms":[{"word":"toot","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pipe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hiss","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"f643ddeb-8e79-4307-9e64-f19318a033aa","word":"white","definition":"The color of pure light or snow, the lightest color.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwit","root_meaning":"shining, bright","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kw-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"white","meaning":"the color of light or snow","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"white","meaning":"bright, shining","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwit","meaning":"shining, bright, clear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whiten","whiteness","whitewash","whittle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pale","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"snowy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ivory","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"5ba18a7c-8489-4cc9-8e01-5e2cb1745e43","word":"whitey","definition":"A slang term for a white person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwīt","root_meaning":"white, bright","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whitey","meaning":"a white person; slang","children":[{"era":"current","word":"white","meaning":"white; pale; bright","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwīt","meaning":"white, bright","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-y","meaning":"diminutive or adjectival suffix in later English formations","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["white","whiten","whiteness","whitish","whitely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"white person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Caucasian","formality":"formal"},{"word":"honky","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"2397c1f7-58de-4875-aa5a-083c67fb374f","word":"whiz","definition":"A person who is exceptionally clever or skilled.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whiz","meaning":"an exceptionally skilled person","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"whizz","meaning":"imitative or onomatopoeic source form","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"hiss / whizz-bang","meaning":"a whistling or buzzing sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wiz","whizz","whiz kid","whizz-bang","whizzy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wiz","formality":"informal"},{"word":"expert","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"genius","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"80a0df5d-6766-4488-b375-d6d10c2bf1af","word":"who","definition":"A pronoun used to ask about or refer to a person or persons.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwā","root_meaning":"which person","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"who","meaning":"which person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwā","meaning":"which person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwaz","meaning":"who, which","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whom","whose","whoever","whole"],"synonyms":[{"word":"which person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"what person","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"f8b38a63-6324-4b08-b736-4e5b9cf6a1f2","word":"whoa","definition":"An exclamation used to stop or slow down a horse or, by extension, to express surprise, caution, or admiration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ho","root_meaning":"halt!","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whoa","meaning":"exclamation to stop or slow down","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wo","meaning":"variant of 'ho'","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ho","meaning":"halt!","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ho","halt","hold","stop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"stop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"halt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wait","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amazing","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:03:48.243Z"}
{"id":"a3f19814-391b-4c64-9393-795ddaea8c64","word":"whoever","definition":"Used to refer to any person, regardless of who they are.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwa","root_meaning":"who","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kʷos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whoever","meaning":"any person","children":[{"era":"current","word":"who","meaning":"interrogative pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwa","meaning":"who","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hwaz","meaning":"who","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"ever","meaning":"at any time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ǣfre","meaning":"at any time","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["who","whatever","whichever","whenever","wherever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"anyone who","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"no matter who","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"ac826f0d-b89b-459e-b7a5-011c91a2782f","word":"whole","definition":"complete, entire, or not divided into parts.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hal","root_meaning":"undamaged, well","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kailo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whole","meaning":"complete, entire","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"whole","meaning":"undamaged, complete","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hal","meaning":"undamaged, well","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wholesome","wholly","wholemeal","health"],"synonyms":[{"word":"entire","formality":"formal"},{"word":"complete","formality":"formal"},{"word":"total","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"intact","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:15:41.056Z"}
{"id":"950972f7-6e1e-48f8-8102-7a57f3f74b5d","word":"wholesale","definition":"The sale of goods in large quantities, typically to retailers rather than consumers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"whole","root_meaning":"complete, unbroken","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwol-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wholesale","meaning":"large quantity sales to retailers","children":[{"era":"1400s","word":"wholesale","meaning":"sale in bulk","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"whole","meaning":"complete, unbroken","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"sale","meaning":"the act of selling","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whole","sale","wholesaler","retail"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bulk sales","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jobbing","formality":"technical"},{"word":"distribution","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"70091c31-d58b-4c08-81c4-2a06b13c60d0","word":"whom","definition":"The objective case form of the pronoun 'who', used as the object of a verb or preposition.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwam","root_meaning":"who","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whom","meaning":"objective case of who","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"who","meaning":"what person","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"hwam","meaning":"who, whom","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*kwo-","meaning":"who, which","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["who","whose","whoever","whomever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"that person","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"which person","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.465Z"}
{"id":"cd9e80c3-a0d6-4998-8e70-17195dbec4f9","word":"whomever","definition":"The objective case form of 'whoever', used as a pronoun referring to any person functioning as the object of a verb or preposition.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwā + æfre","root_meaning":"who + ever/always","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whomever","meaning":"objective case of whoever","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"whomso + ever","meaning":"whosoever in objective case","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwām + æfre","meaning":"whom + ever","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*hwaz","meaning":"who","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"*kwo-","meaning":"interrogative and relative pronoun stem","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whoever","whom","who","whomsoever","whatever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"whomsoever","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"whoever","formality":"informal"},{"word":"any person whom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T23:26:18.910Z"}
{"id":"b90dc671-3950-4451-88a3-308f45dc3238","word":"whoop","definition":"A loud cry or shout, often of joy or excitement.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"houper","root_meaning":"to cry out, shout","root_language":"Old French","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whoop","meaning":"a loud cry","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"whopen","meaning":"to cry out","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"houper","meaning":"to cry out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":null,"meaning":"imitative origin","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["hoop","whoopee","hup","yelp"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yell","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holler","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:14:57.418Z"}
{"id":"acb19a37-d71e-408a-b862-9e83af9ae9c4","word":"whoosh","definition":"To move with a rushing sound.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"whoosh","root_meaning":"sound of rushing air/water","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whoosh","meaning":"To move with a rushing sound","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swoosh","whizz","rush"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swish","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"whiz","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"cb9d098c-51b7-4977-b0e6-38e812f87be8","word":"whore","definition":"A prostitute.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hōre","root_meaning":"prostitute","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*keh₂ros","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whore","meaning":"prostitute","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hōre","meaning":"prostitute","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*hōraz","meaning":"prostitute","children":[{"era":"reconstructed","word":"*keh₂ros","meaning":"dear, desirable","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whorish","whoring","whoredom","whorehouse"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prostitute","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"harlot","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"courtesan","formality":"formal"},{"word":"strumpet","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:06:49.794Z"}
{"id":"435a4058-bfb4-4557-ab0b-85daf17190e4","word":"whorehouse","definition":"A whorehouse is a brothel, especially one viewed as seedy or illicit.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hōre","root_meaning":"prostitute","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whorehouse","meaning":"brothel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"whore","meaning":"prostitute","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"house","meaning":"dwelling; building","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whore","whoredom","whorish","whoremonger"],"synonyms":[{"word":"brothel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cathouse","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bawdyhouse","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:51:30.693Z"}
{"id":"21a2945f-95e7-4ec5-b583-8c72b3dd6aab","word":"whose","definition":"A determiner or pronoun used to indicate possession or belonging.","part_of_speech":"determiner","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwæs","root_meaning":"of what, of whom","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*kwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"whose","meaning":"possessive determiner","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"whose","meaning":"of whom, of what","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwæs","meaning":"of what, of whom","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["who","whom","whoso","whoever"],"synonyms":[{"word":"of whom","formality":"formal"},{"word":"belonging to","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:14.917Z"}
{"id":"0d54d089-d4d2-497d-b818-3e181ba4a802","word":"why","definition":"For what reason or purpose; used to ask for an explanation or justification.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"hwi","root_meaning":"how, in what manner","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*hwo-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"why","meaning":"for what reason","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"why","meaning":"for what reason","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwi","meaning":"in what manner","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["what","where","when","who"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wherefore","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"for what reason","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.755Z"}
{"id":"067e7fe9-3b8e-45ee-b32c-1f7ba7db8b86","word":"wick","definition":"A fibrous cord or strip in a candle or lamp that draws up fuel by capillary action to sustain a flame.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wēoce","root_meaning":"wick of a lamp or candle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weukōn-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wick","meaning":"fibrous cord conveying fuel to a flame","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"weke / wike","meaning":"wick of a lamp","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wēoce","meaning":"wick of a lamp or candle","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*weukōn-","meaning":"tow fiber, wick","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["candlewick","wicking","wickless","wicker (distinct origin)","dip-wick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"taper core","formality":"technical"},{"word":"candlewick","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"lamp wick","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-15T22:31:41.571Z"}
{"id":"0d474564-f1c8-445d-8d5a-ecefcbde924f","word":"wicked","definition":"Evil or morally wrong.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wicca","root_meaning":"sorcerer, wizard","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wicked","meaning":"evil, bad","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wikked","meaning":"evil, bad","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wicca","meaning":"sorcerer, wizard","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["witch","witchcraft","warlock","wicker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"evil","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bad","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"malicious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vicious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:03:44.416Z"}
{"id":"931ba42b-38a1-44e2-9f4f-ba3e7c38278a","word":"wide","definition":"Having great extent from side to side; broad.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wid","root_meaning":"wide, broad","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wide","meaning":"broad, extensive","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wide","meaning":"wide, broad","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wid-","meaning":"wide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["widely","widen","width","widespread"],"synonyms":[{"word":"broad","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extensive","formality":"formal"},{"word":"spacious","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.062Z"}
{"id":"05fd0997-7592-45f7-b2a3-d40c3b732cf8","word":"widescreen","definition":"Denoting a motion picture, television, or computer screen format characterized by an aspect ratio wider than the traditional 4:3.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wīd + scrīn","root_meaning":"wide + protective covering","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weid- + *skrēh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"widescreen","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"current","word":"wide","meaning":"broad in extent","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīd","meaning":"wide","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"screen","meaning":"a flat surface","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"escren","meaning":"screen","children":[],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wide","width","screen","screening"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cinematic","formality":"technical"},{"word":"expansive","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"broad","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:08:16.534Z"}
{"id":"0b4e939f-e008-4f24-8e1d-efc9313feabf","word":"widespread","definition":"Distributed or occurring over a wide area or among many people.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wide, spread","root_meaning":"broad, to stretch out","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*h₁widʰ- (wide), *spreh₁dʰ- (spread)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"widespread","meaning":"distributed over a wide area","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wide","meaning":"broad, extensive","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"spread","meaning":"to stretch out, scatter","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["widely","spreading","spreader","width","breadth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"common","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prevalent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"extensive","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:16:17.674Z"}
{"id":"47041d09-3266-4356-beeb-4bfcdb50c0e2","word":"widow","definition":"A woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"viuda","language_family":"germanic","root":"widuwō","root_meaning":"widow","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*widhewā","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"widow","meaning":"A woman whose husband has died.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"widowe","meaning":"Widow.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*widuwō","meaning":"widow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*widhewā","meaning":"widow","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["widower","individual"],"synonyms":[{"word":"relict","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bereaved","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grass widow","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:03:37.001Z"}
{"id":"f94d0178-72b8-4b7b-ba2c-e657d496efe6","word":"widower","definition":"A widower is a man whose wife has died and who has not remarried.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"viudo","language_family":"germanic","root":"*widuwō","root_meaning":"widow","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*uidh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"widower","meaning":"a man whose wife has died and who has not remarried","children":[{"era":"early 14c.","word":"widow","meaning":"a woman whose husband has died","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*widuwō","meaning":"widow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*widhewo","meaning":"widow; bereaved woman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100 BCE","word":"*uidh-","meaning":"to separate, divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["widow","widowed","widowhood","widowerhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bereaved husband","formality":"formal"},{"word":"widowed man","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mourner","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T18:30:32.960Z"}
{"id":"17e574b8-6b2b-4fd9-9ba6-118f3eab2271","word":"width","definition":"The measurement or extent of something from side to side.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wide","root_meaning":"broad, extensive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"width","meaning":"the measurement from side to side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wide","meaning":"broad, extensive","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*wid-","meaning":"to separate, to divide","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wide","widen","widely","wideness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breadth","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expanse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"span","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:49.400Z"}
{"id":"a4f83589-fe08-475f-ab13-706bd1a020b3","word":"wiener","definition":"A Vienna sausage or hot dog, especially in North American usage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Wienerwurst","root_meaning":"Vienna sausage","root_language":"German","root_era":"1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wiener","meaning":"a Vienna sausage or hot dog, especially in North American usage","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"wiener","meaning":"a clipping of Wienerwurst","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Wienerwurst","meaning":"Vienna sausage","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Wiener + Wurst","meaning":"of Vienna + sausage","children":[{"era":"medieval","word":"Wien","meaning":"Vienna","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["vienna","viennese","wienie","wienerwurst","vienna sausage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"frankfurter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hot dog","formality":"informal"},{"word":"vienna sausage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T08:28:50.014Z"}
{"id":"d041d036-d88b-49e8-b707-48f420c7383b","word":"wife","definition":"A married woman, especially in relation to her husband.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wīf","root_meaning":"woman, female","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwībaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wife","meaning":"married woman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wif","meaning":"woman","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"wīf","meaning":"woman","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wives","midwife","housewife","wife-like","wifely"],"synonyms":[{"word":"spouse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"bride","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mate","formality":"informal"},{"word":"consort","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.609Z"}
{"id":"9ec3d7c2-41b7-4c8f-8664-3ce4e693ec14","word":"wig","definition":"An artificial covering of hair for the head.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"french","root":"perruque","root_meaning":"wig","root_language":"French","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wig","meaning":"An artificial covering of hair","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"periwig","meaning":"shortening of periwig","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"perruque","meaning":"wig","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"pelus","meaning":"hairy","children":[],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["periwig","peruke","hairpiece"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hairpiece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toupee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fake hair","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:05:56.717Z"}
{"id":"1d96c0d7-dbd6-46bf-b005-0b1fb50676e4","word":"wiggle","definition":"To move with small rapid back-and-forth motions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wigelen","root_meaning":"to wiggle; rock back and forth","root_language":"Middle Dutch","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wiggle","meaning":"to move with small rapid back-and-forth motions","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wiglen","meaning":"to wiggle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wigelen","meaning":"to wiggle","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wiegen","meaning":"to rock; to move back and forth","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wiege","meaning":"cradle","children":[],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle Dutch"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wriggle","wiggled","wiggling","wiggly","wiggler"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wriggle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squirm","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squiggle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T13:38:15.849Z"}
{"id":"8d8c7401-62e4-4699-81a7-8e18d84d79a0","word":"wiki","definition":"A website or database developed collaboratively by a community of users, allowing any user to add and edit content.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"wikiwiki","root_meaning":"quick, fast","root_language":"Hawaiian","root_era":"current","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wiki","meaning":"collaborative website","children":[{"era":"current","word":"wikiwiki","meaning":"quick, fast","children":[],"language":"Hawaiian"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Wikipedia","wikispace","wiki-enabled"],"synonyms":[{"word":"collaborative website","formality":"technical"},{"word":"online encyclopedia","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"knowledge base","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T15:03:58.759Z"}
{"id":"d53ed694-7d58-4d52-a134-063881a1ab8d","word":"wild","definition":"Living or growing in a natural state without human cultivation or domestication.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wilde","root_meaning":"untamed or uncontrolled","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwelt-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wild","meaning":"undomesticated or natural","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wild","meaning":"untamed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wilde","meaning":"wild or untamed","children":[{"era":"4000 BCE","word":"gwelt","meaning":"to be wild or uncontrolled","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wildly","wildness","wildlife","wilder"],"synonyms":[{"word":"untamed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"natural","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ferocious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"undomesticated","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"dcce4687-6a1f-4fb7-8821-b9dcdee91384","word":"wilderness","definition":"An uncultivated, uninhabited, and inhospitable region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wild-deor","root_meaning":"wild beast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wilthjaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"12th c.","word":"wilderness","meaning":"uncultivated region","children":[{"era":"12th c.","word":"wildern","meaning":"wild place","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wild-deor","meaning":"wild beast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wild","meaning":"wild","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"deor","meaning":"beast","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ness","meaning":"suffix for state/condition","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["wild","wilding","beast","savage","desolate","untouched"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wilds","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"wasteland","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bush","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:11:39.624Z"}
{"id":"645d5694-6819-4d02-9eee-1b5d8d1d8292","word":"wildlife","definition":"Wild animals collectively; the native fauna of a region.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wild + līf","root_meaning":"untamed + life","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wildijaz + *lībam","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wildlife","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wild","meaning":"untamed","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"life","meaning":"existence","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wild","life","wilderness","wildness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fauna","formality":"technical"},{"word":"animals","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"creatures","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T17:03:45.172Z"}
{"id":"4ae30a8b-25d6-428b-b566-aa3d69854616","word":"will","definition":"Auxiliary verb expressing future tense or intent.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"willan","root_meaning":"to wish, desire","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"will","meaning":"auxiliary verb of future","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"willan","meaning":"to wish, desire, intend","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*wel-","meaning":"to wish, will","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["willing","willingness","unwilling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shall","formality":"formal"},{"word":"is going to","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"c1e519ac-a8c4-4310-834e-f2bf06db25bf","word":"william","definition":"A male given name of Germanic origin, traditionally meaning desired protector or resolute protector.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"Guillermo","language_family":"germanic","root":"Wilhelm","root_meaning":"will-helmet, resolute protector","root_language":"Old Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wil-helm","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"William","meaning":"masculine personal name","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"William","meaning":"masculine personal name","children":[{"era":"1000s","word":"Guillaume","meaning":"masculine personal name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Wilhelm","meaning":"will-helmet, resolute warrior","children":[],"language":"Old Germanic"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Will","Bill","Liam","Williams"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Will","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Bill","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Liam","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:10.817Z"}
{"id":"c639a4dd-64a5-4eba-9cfc-c5332e918f9b","word":"williams","definition":"A patronymic surname meaning son of William, derived from the Germanic personal name.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Wilhelm","root_meaning":"resolute protector","root_language":"Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wil- + *helm-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"williams","meaning":"surname, son of William","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"williams","meaning":"son of William","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"William","meaning":"resolute protector","children":[],"language":"Old English/Germanic"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["William","Williams","Williamson","Liam"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"formal"},{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.376Z"}
{"id":"8a249146-287b-4e4d-a4fe-963b6880a21e","word":"willie","definition":"A diminutive or informal term for a penis.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"William","root_meaning":"will-helmet","root_language":"Old German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"willie","meaning":"penis (diminutive)","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"William","meaning":"given name","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Willahelm","meaning":"will-helmet","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wiljô","meaning":"will, desire","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"},{"era":"pre-500","word":"*helm","meaning":"helmet, protection","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["William","Bill","will","helmet","willing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"penis","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"member","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"willy","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:16:44.105Z"}
{"id":"bd816ec4-5db4-4588-957c-832a2c11c56b","word":"willow","definition":"a tree or shrub of temperate climates, typically having narrow leaves, catkins, and pliable branches.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"welig","root_meaning":"willow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"willow","meaning":"tree","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"welig","meaning":"willow","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wicker","withe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"osier","formality":"technical"},{"word":"sallow","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:07:12.366Z"}
{"id":"92943e49-3bc7-42d1-814e-25f03743d428","word":"wilson","definition":"A proper name, typically a surname, derived from the personal name William.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Will + son","root_meaning":"will/desire + son of","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Wilson","meaning":"son of William","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"William","meaning":"person named Will","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Will","meaning":"desire, willpower","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wiljan","meaning":"to wish, desire","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"800s","word":"-son","meaning":"son of, descendant","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["William","Williams","Will","Willis"],"synonyms":[{"word":"surname","formality":"formal"},{"word":"family name","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"patronymic","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.958Z"}
{"id":"76b3b220-954a-42a1-8995-64733dde1ad7","word":"wilt","definition":"To droop, become limp, or lose freshness and strength.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"welk","root_meaning":"to wither","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wilt","meaning":"to droop or lose freshness and strength","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"welk","meaning":"to wither","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"welken","meaning":"to wither","children":[],"language":"Middle English / Middle Dutch / Middle Low German"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wilting","wilted","wiltedness","wither","welk"],"synonyms":[{"word":"wither","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"droop","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flag","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:41:00.006Z"}
{"id":"42c7b1c6-e1d7-49f9-b346-40a87f09b822","word":"wily","definition":"Skillful at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wīl","root_meaning":"trick, cunning, fraud","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wiliz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wily","meaning":"Skillful at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wīl","meaning":"trick, cunning, fraud","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["beguile","guile","while","wheedle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cunning","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crafty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sly","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"1747b9fb-4752-45a2-943b-1ed9b43210cb","word":"wimp","definition":"A weak, timid, or ineffectual person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wimp","meaning":"a weak or timid person","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"whimper","meaning":"to cry softly or feebly","children":[],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["whimper","wimpy","wimpish","wimped"],"synonyms":[{"word":"weakling","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"coward","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"milksop","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T06:28:58.703Z"}
{"id":"19f0cc73-3405-4a8c-8911-7febed13d8f4","word":"win","definition":"To be victorious in a competition or conflict.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"winnan","root_meaning":"to strive, struggle, fight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"win","meaning":"to achieve victory","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"winnan","meaning":"to strive, struggle","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*wen-","meaning":"to strive, desire","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["winning","winner","winsome","won"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victory","formality":"formal"},{"word":"triumph","formality":"formal"},{"word":"succeed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"prevail","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"11a5c2e4-7166-437a-bf92-c1d576aea2a7","word":"wind","definition":"Moving air; a current of air moving from the atmosphere.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"viento","language_family":"germanic","root":"windan","root_meaning":"to go, turn, twist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wind","meaning":"moving air current","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wind","meaning":"air in motion","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wind","meaning":"wind, breeze, air","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wend-","meaning":"to go, turn, twist","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["winds","windmill","windpipe","windy","windbreak"],"synonyms":[{"word":"breeze","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gust","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"air current","formality":"formal"},{"word":"zephyr","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:15:41.056Z"}
{"id":"07ee2600-26a0-495f-a416-7a7b6ca95911","word":"window","definition":"An opening in a wall or door that allows light and air to enter, typically covered with glass.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"vindauga","root_meaning":"wind eye","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"window","meaning":"opening in wall for light and air","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"window","meaning":"opening in wall","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"vindauga","meaning":"wind eye","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"vindr","meaning":"wind","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["windows","windowed","windowpane","windowsill"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"portal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pane","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.945Z"}
{"id":"9c1930a4-b897-47a9-a0d2-a5d9aeb40879","word":"windows","definition":"Openings in a wall or roof that admit light and air, or plural of window.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"vindauga","root_meaning":"wind eye","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"windows","meaning":"plural of window; light-admitting openings","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"window","meaning":"opening in a wall","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"vindauga","meaning":"wind eye","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"vindr + auga","meaning":"wind + eye","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["window","windowed","windpane","skylight"],"synonyms":[{"word":"opening","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aperture","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pane","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:06.668Z"}
{"id":"14585fab-959e-452c-8229-fdfa9650de10","word":"windshield","definition":"A windshield is a transparent front screen that protects vehicle occupants from wind and debris.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"windshield","meaning":"front glass that shields a vehicle from wind and debris","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wind","meaning":"moving air","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*windaz","meaning":"wind","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shield","meaning":"protective cover","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*skelduz","meaning":"shield","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["windscreen","windshields","windbreaker","shield"],"synonyms":[{"word":"windscreen","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"front glass","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"auto glass","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"154230e3-6f6a-4767-ab2c-f019255738cc","word":"wine","definition":"An alcoholic beverage produced by fermentation of grapes or other fruits.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"vino","language_family":"latin","root":"vinum","root_meaning":"wine","root_language":"Latin","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wine","meaning":"fermented grape beverage","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wine","meaning":"wine","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"vinum","meaning":"wine","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wines","winery","winemaker","vintage"],"synonyms":[{"word":"vintage","formality":"formal"},{"word":"vino","formality":"informal"},{"word":"libation","formality":"literary"},{"word":"spirits","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.420Z"}
{"id":"cc1d58c9-ca74-4b64-87ee-4dd4be34f7f4","word":"wing","definition":"A paired appendage used for flight in birds, insects, and bats, or a lateral extension of a structure.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"norse","root":"vængr","root_meaning":"wing of a bird","root_language":"Old Norse","root_era":"1100s","proto_root":"*we-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wing","meaning":"limb for flight; lateral extension","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"vængr","meaning":"wing of a bird","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*we-","meaning":"to blow, move as air","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["winger","winged","wingspan","winglet","wingman","winging"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pinion","formality":"literary"},{"word":"appendage","formality":"technical"},{"word":"flank","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:28.699Z"}
{"id":"54f0a525-fdd4-4880-8fa9-b1d2a58cad6a","word":"wink","definition":"To close and open one eye quickly, typically as a signal or to attract attention.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wincian","root_meaning":"to nod, wink","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wenk-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wink","meaning":"To close and open one eye quickly...","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wincian","meaning":"to nod, wink","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wink-","meaning":"to make a quick movement","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wenk-","meaning":"to bend, turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wince","twinkle","blink","glance"],"synonyms":[{"word":"blink","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"flicker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"glint","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:09:42.500Z"}
{"id":"e88d16f5-d4bb-488a-b827-f244690e0888","word":"winner","definition":"A person or thing that wins.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"winnan","root_meaning":"to struggle, toil, strive, contend, fight","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"winner","meaning":"A person or thing that wins.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"win","meaning":"to gain a victory","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"winnan","meaning":"to struggle, toil, strive","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["win","winning","winnings","dwindle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"champion","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"conqueror","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T23:04:58.923Z"}
{"id":"f0e05f5b-4941-49ce-ac25-ef060ef27399","word":"winning","definition":"Achieving victory or success; attractive and appealing in character or manner.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"win","root_meaning":"to struggle, strive, or gain victory","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"winning","meaning":"achieving victory or being attractive","children":[{"era":"1200s-1500s","word":"winning","meaning":"gaining victory or achieving success","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"win","meaning":"to struggle, labor, gain, or be victorious","children":[{"era":"pre-3000 BCE","word":"wen-","meaning":"to desire, strive, or struggle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["win","winner","winsome","victory","conquest"],"synonyms":[{"word":"victorious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"successful","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"triumphant","formality":"formal"},{"word":"charming","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.811Z"}
{"id":"036225ef-8e35-4b60-856d-a8bc40f84902","word":"winter","definition":"The coldest season of the year between autumn and spring.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"invierno","language_family":"germanic","root":"winter","root_meaning":"the cold season","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wend-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"winter","meaning":"coldest season of the year","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"winter","meaning":"the cold season","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"wintar","meaning":"winter, wet season","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wintry","wintertime","overwinter","winter solstice"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cold season","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hibernal","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"c6a02fe0-95ea-4f6d-a041-75b91f26fa92","word":"wipe","definition":"To clean or dry something by rubbing its surface with a cloth, a piece of paper, or one's hand.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wipian","root_meaning":"to wipe","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wīpan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wipe","meaning":"To clean or dry something by rubbing its surface with a cloth, a piece of paper, or one's hand.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wipian","meaning":"to wipe, rub","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wīpan","meaning":"to turn, wind, wrap","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["swip","whipped","wimple"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cleanse","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mop","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"28736689-2787-4fc2-81b6-6cd948bfc0c8","word":"wire","definition":"A thin flexible strand of metal, or to send money or transmit information electronically.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wir","root_meaning":"to twist, to turn","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"700s","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wire","meaning":"thin metal strand or electronic transmission","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"wir","meaning":"wire, thread","children":[{"era":"700s","word":"wir","meaning":"to twist, to turn","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wires","wired","wiring","wireless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cord","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"transfer","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.069Z"}
{"id":"7292d2c1-7f3a-400f-9fd3-39fa6c835c45","word":"wireless","definition":"transmitting or operated by radio signals without physical wires or cables.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wire","root_meaning":"thin metal strand","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wireless","meaning":"without wires","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"wireless","meaning":"lacking wires","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wire","meaning":"thin metal strand","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wire","wired","wireless network"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cordless","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"radio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unwired","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.954Z"}
{"id":"eac24e92-bb96-4298-80d6-b95d490ff115","word":"wisconsin","definition":"A state in the Midwestern United States.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Wiskonsin","root_meaning":"red stone place or gathering of waters","root_language":"Ojibwe/Menominee","root_era":"pre-colonial","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Wisconsin","meaning":"US state in the Midwest","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"Wisconsin","meaning":"name of the state","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Wiskonsin","meaning":"red stone place or gathering of waters","children":[],"language":"French/Ojibwe"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Wisconsinite","Wisconsin River"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Badger State","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:42.300Z"}
{"id":"0b6fdf7a-be97-4d69-a8c6-95418a5ee164","word":"wisdom","definition":"The quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wis","root_meaning":"wise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wisdom","meaning":"Quality of having knowledge and good judgment","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"wisdom","meaning":"wisdom","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wisdom","meaning":"knowledge, learning, experience","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wis","meaning":"wise","language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-dom","meaning":"state, condition, dominion","language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wise","wisely","sagacious","sagacity"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sagacity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prudence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discernment","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"erudition","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:10:59.691Z"}
{"id":"50a8d0d9-32a4-4c0c-9e63-8b306cde844e","word":"wise","definition":"Having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wis","root_meaning":"wise","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wise","meaning":"Having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wis","meaning":"wise","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*wissaz","meaning":"knowing, wise","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*weid-","meaning":"to see, to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wisdom","wit","witness","guide"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sagacious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prudent","formality":"formal"},{"word":"sensible","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"843a9f33-b6b5-4fc7-8156-f6b8639ebc78","word":"wish","definition":"A strong desire or hope for something to happen or to be the case.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wish","root_meaning":"to desire, want","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wish","meaning":"desire or hope","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wiscan","meaning":"to desire, want","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*wen-","meaning":"to desire, strive for","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wishes","wished","wishing","wishful","well-wish"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desire","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"aspiration","formality":"formal"},{"word":"longing","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"e53fa901-f2bc-4d1f-9db5-a7fd3473aa36","word":"wishlist","definition":"A list of desired items.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wyscan","root_meaning":"to wish","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wunskijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wishlist","meaning":"list of desired items","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wish","meaning":"to desire","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"list","meaning":"border, stripe, then later catalogue","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wish","wishing","list","listed","enlist"],"synonyms":[{"word":"desire list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"want list","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"registry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shopping list","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:03:25.114Z"}
{"id":"70ae6a19-9636-4d07-a7de-e4d57d04e63b","word":"wit","definition":"The capacity for inventive thought and quick understanding; keen intelligence.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"witan","root_meaning":"to know","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wit","meaning":"intelligence, quick understanding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wit","meaning":"knowledge, understanding","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"witan","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*witan","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wise","wisdom","witness","unwitting"],"synonyms":[{"word":"intellect","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sagacity","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cleverness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"acumen","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:09:15.419Z"}
{"id":"4015911c-5a3a-486d-93de-d6001586dda8","word":"witch","definition":"A woman thought to have magic powers, often evil, sometimes benevolent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wicce","root_meaning":"sorceress, female magician","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"witch","meaning":"woman with magic powers","children":[{"era":"12th C","word":"wicche","meaning":"sorceress","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wicce","meaning":"sorceress, female magician","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wizard","warlock","wicca","wiccan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sorceress","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"enchantress","formality":"literary"},{"word":"hag","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:05:49.196Z"}
{"id":"5b4faf6d-63df-434e-ab61-1fcc7444dd54","word":"witchcraft","definition":"Witchcraft is the practice of witches or magic believed to use supernatural powers.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wiċċecræft","root_meaning":"witchcraft","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"witchcraft","meaning":"The practice of witches or magic believed to use supernatural powers.","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"witchcraft","meaning":"witchcraft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wiċċecræft","meaning":"witchcraft","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"witch + cræft","meaning":"witch + craft","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["witch","witchery","witchdom","witchwork","craft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sorcery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"witchery","formality":"literary"},{"word":"magic","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"81800714-133b-4de1-bdf4-0f8613c3a548","word":"with","definition":"Preposition indicating association, accompaniment, or possession.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wiþ","root_meaning":"against, back","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"with","meaning":"preposition of accompaniment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wiþ","meaning":"against, back, with","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*wi-","meaning":"separation, splitting","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["within","without","withdraw"],"synonyms":[{"word":"alongside","formality":"formal"},{"word":"together with","formality":"formal"},{"word":"plus","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"ffdca829-fd17-4813-8490-fe57e0f5821d","word":"within","definition":"Inside the bounds or limits of something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"with","root_meaning":"with, against","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wither-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"within","meaning":"inside the bounds of","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"within","meaning":"on the inner side","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"with","meaning":"with, against","children":[],"language":"Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["with","withstand","withdraw","within-"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inside","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"in","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.494Z"}
{"id":"4ea25f48-7bbf-4cea-8e23-f990262d42df","word":"without","definition":"In the absence of; lacking or not having something.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"with + out","root_meaning":"against, toward + outside","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wi-teh₂ (against) + *ud (out)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"without","meaning":"lacking, in the absence of","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"without","meaning":"on the outside of, outside","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"with + out","meaning":"against + outside","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["with","within","withstand","withhold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lacking","formality":"formal"},{"word":"minus","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"absent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.628Z"}
{"id":"ab174c16-3486-43c5-b2ab-ec592d087815","word":"withstand","definition":"To withstand is to resist or endure something successfully.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wiðstandan","root_meaning":"to stand against; oppose","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wiþro- + *steh₂-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"withstand","meaning":"to resist or hold out against","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English wiðstandan","meaning":"to stand against; oppose","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wið","meaning":"against; opposite","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"standan","meaning":"to stand","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["withstood","withstanding","with","stand","notwithstanding"],"synonyms":[{"word":"resist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"endure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"oppose","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"0f4c6fbd-8be4-47e6-8ae1-fc38d42fd987","word":"witness","definition":"A person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"witnes","root_meaning":"knowledge, testimony","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weid-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"witness","meaning":"one who sees an event","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"witnes","meaning":"knowledge, testimony","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"witan","meaning":"to know","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*witanan","meaning":"to know","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wit","wisdom","wittingly","know","eyewitness"],"synonyms":[{"word":"observer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"spectator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"attestant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:13:15.074Z"}
{"id":"6922455c-f5b3-49d7-9fbd-8d02a43ff64c","word":"witty","definition":"Witty means showing quick, clever, and often amusing intelligence.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"witt","root_meaning":"knowledge, understanding","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*weyd-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"witty","meaning":"showing quick and clever humor or intelligence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wit","meaning":"intelligence, knowledge, sense","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"witt","meaning":"understanding, knowledge","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"-y","meaning":"forming adjectives with the sense 'having the quality of'","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wit","witless","witticism","wittily","wits"],"synonyms":[{"word":"clever","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"humorous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ingenious","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"481f2e45-be1c-4c1e-849f-039a139426fc","word":"wive","definition":"To take a wife; to marry (a woman).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wif","root_meaning":"woman, wife","root_language":"old english","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wībam","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wive","meaning":"to marry","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wifian","meaning":"to marry, take a wife","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wif","meaning":"woman, wife","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wife","woman","widow","feminine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"espouse","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:19:49.154Z"}
{"id":"04c72b9b-0fa0-4a95-b90d-0f0241d808ba","word":"woe","definition":"Great sorrow or distress.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wā","root_meaning":"lamentation, grief","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wai-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"woe","meaning":"great sorrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wā","meaning":"woe, sorrow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wai","meaning":"alas, woe","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["woeful","alas"],"synonyms":[{"word":"sorrow","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"misery","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grief","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"c79a5ba5-de2b-4f7a-8b48-63595dcf0b75","word":"wolf","definition":"A large wild carnivorous mammal of the genus Canis, or figuratively a rapacious or threatening person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wulf","root_meaning":"wolf","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wĺ̥kʷos","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wolf","meaning":"large wild canid; rapacious person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wulf","meaning":"wolf","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*wulfaz","meaning":"wolf","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"*wĺ̥kʷos","meaning":"wolf","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wolves","wolfish","werewolf","wolfhound","wolfram","wolverine"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lupine predator","formality":"technical"},{"word":"predator","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"canis lupus","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T03:32:49.332Z"}
{"id":"e38826ab-b9ea-4f9e-856d-35cf0b3eecb9","word":"woman","definition":"An adult female human being.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wifman","root_meaning":"wife-man, female person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gwen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"woman","meaning":"adult female human","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"women","meaning":"plural of woman","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wifman","meaning":"female person, wife-man","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wif","meaning":"wife, woman","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["women","womanly","womanhood","wife","female"],"synonyms":[{"word":"female","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lady","formality":"formal"},{"word":"dame","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"lass","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"d0a2ad35-25d8-4529-87e1-ad64eaef7f02","word":"womb","definition":"The uterus in humans and other mammals where offspring are conceived and gestate.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wamb","root_meaning":"belly, abdomen, uterus","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wombh-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"womb","meaning":"uterus","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wamb","meaning":"belly, abdomen, uterus","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wambō","meaning":"belly, womb","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wombh-","meaning":"belly, womb","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":[],"synonyms":[{"word":"uterus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"belly","formality":"informal"},{"word":"matrix","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"8e72a084-1cfd-4abb-af75-673e30b23a47","word":"women","definition":"Adult female human beings, plural of woman.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wifman","root_meaning":"female person","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"women","meaning":"adult female humans","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"woman","meaning":"adult female human","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"wifman","meaning":"wife-person, female person","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["woman","womanly","womankind","womanhood"],"synonyms":[{"word":"females","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"ladies","formality":"formal"},{"word":"gals","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.994Z"}
{"id":"94b17dca-0b16-407f-9cf9-2851c1b2a6f1","word":"won","definition":"Past tense of win; achieved victory or success in a competition or conflict.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"winnan","root_meaning":"to struggle, fight, win","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"won","meaning":"past tense of win","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"win","meaning":"to struggle, overcome, achieve victory","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"winnan","meaning":"to fight, struggle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["win","winning","winner","won't"],"synonyms":[{"word":"triumphed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"prevailed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"succeeded","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:44.952Z"}
{"id":"2987b316-972d-4c5b-b3b9-792060448efd","word":"wonder","definition":"A feeling of amazement and admiration; to be curious about something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"maravilla","language_family":"germanic","root":"wundor","root_meaning":"wonder, miracle","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1000s","word":"wonder","meaning":"Amazement; a miraculous thing.","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"wundor","meaning":"A miracle, something astonishing.","language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["wonderful","wonderland","wondrous"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amazement","formality":"formal"},{"word":"awe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"marvel","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:04:09.085Z"}
{"id":"a4a09ff4-1196-435a-8b63-53e8276b44f2","word":"wonderful","definition":"Inspiring wonder or awe; extremely good or admirable.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wunder","root_meaning":"wonder, marvel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wund-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wonderful","meaning":"inspiring wonder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wonder","meaning":"marvel, astonishment","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"wundor","meaning":"wonder, marvel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wonder","wondrous","wonderment","wonderfully"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marvelous","formality":"formal"},{"word":"excellent","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amazing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"splendid","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:46.367Z"}
{"id":"8135971a-3661-42d7-b5df-787a043357c8","word":"wonderfully","definition":"Wonderfully means in an excellent, remarkable, or delightful way.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wundor","root_meaning":"wonder, marvel","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wonderfully","meaning":"in an excellent or remarkable way","children":[{"era":"current","word":"wonderful","meaning":"full of wonder or remarkable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wonder","meaning":"marvel, miracle, astonishment","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ful","meaning":"full of; having the quality of","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"forming adverbs","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wonder","wonderful","wonderment","wondrous","wondering"],"synonyms":[{"word":"splendidly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"excellently","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnificently","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"e9aeacb9-5a0e-4d60-8d03-e579faa38a17","word":"wonderland","definition":"An imaginary realm of marvels and wonders, especially the fictional land in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wonderland","meaning":"an imaginary realm of marvels and wonders","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wonder","meaning":"marvel; astonishment","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"land","meaning":"ground; territory; country","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wonder","wondrous","wonderment","wonderful","land"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fantasyland","formality":"informal"},{"word":"dreamworld","formality":"literary"},{"word":"imaginary realm","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T23:21:39.135Z"}
{"id":"8c5d356b-4cfc-4815-b760-38eb2a38b5fe","word":"wondrous","definition":"Causing wonder, amazement, or awe; remarkable or marvelous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Proto-Germanic *wundrą","root_meaning":"wonder, marvel","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wondrous","meaning":"causing wonder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wonder","meaning":"astonishment, marvel","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wundrą","meaning":"wonder, marvel","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"Middle English","word":"-ous","meaning":"forming adjectives","children":[],"language":"English suffix"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wonder","wonderful","wonderment","wondering","wonderstruck"],"synonyms":[{"word":"marvelous","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amazing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"extraordinary","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:36:23.981Z"}
{"id":"d7bc0da4-3572-46cb-a2f9-cbaf7c5c3f74","word":"wont","definition":"(adj) Accustomed or used to; (n) one's customary behavior in a particular situation.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wonen","root_meaning":"to dwell, to be accustomed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wen-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wont","meaning":"accustomed/habit","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wont","meaning":"accustomed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wonen","meaning":"to dwell, to be accustomed","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*wunjaną","meaning":"to dwell, to be accustomed","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*wen-","meaning":"to strive, to wish, to love","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["won","win","winsome","want"],"synonyms":[{"word":"accustomed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"habit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"custom","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:24:31.539Z"}
{"id":"e260cbc6-1315-471c-87a9-e43c6a9b30aa","word":"woo","definition":"To try to gain the love of someone, typically with a view to marriage.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wōgian","root_meaning":"to bend, to incline, to supplicate, to woo","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wōgijaną","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"woo","meaning":"to try to gain the love of someone","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wowen","meaning":"to woo, sue","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wōgian","meaning":"to woo, supplicate","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wooing","woer","woefully"],"synonyms":[{"word":"court","formality":"literary"},{"word":"romance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"seduce","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:11:15.228Z"}
{"id":"ad9f55d4-c807-49c9-8ba7-73dd0f283ea1","word":"wood","definition":"The hard fibrous material from trees used for building and fuel.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wud","root_meaning":"mad, wild","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wade-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wood","meaning":"tree material","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wud","meaning":"mad, wild (from connection to wild forest)","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*wade-","meaning":"hunt, chase","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["woods","wooden","woody","woodsy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"timber","formality":"formal"},{"word":"lumber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"forest","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.468Z"}
{"id":"4c2d87ee-d94f-4001-bed4-ff4c92314ac7","word":"woody","definition":"Made of wood; resembling wood or trees.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wudu","root_meaning":"wood, forest","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*widhu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"woody","meaning":"Made of wood; resembling wood or trees.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"wood","meaning":"the fibrous material that makes up the main substance of a tree or shrub","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wudu","meaning":"wood, forest","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*widu","meaning":"wood, forest","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"*widhu-","meaning":"tree, wood","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wood","woods","wooden","woodland"],"synonyms":[{"word":"arboreal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"wooden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sylvan","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:09:44.029Z"}
{"id":"84095095-966c-48ad-a8bd-7f021c1fee48","word":"woof","definition":"A low, deep bark made by a dog.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"woof","meaning":"a low, deep bark made by a dog","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["woof-woof","woofing","woofed","woofs"],"synonyms":[{"word":"bark","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"arf","formality":"informal"},{"word":"bow-wow","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-09T22:54:37.766Z"}
{"id":"7b7fb8c3-23f0-45bc-80be-c86554a17a35","word":"wool","definition":"The fine, soft, curly hair forming the fleece of a sheep and certain other animals.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wull","root_meaning":"wool","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*Hwlh₁-neh₂","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wool","meaning":"fleece of sheep","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wull","meaning":"wool","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wulnō","meaning":"wool","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*Hwlh₁-neh₂","meaning":"wool","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["woolen","woolly","wold","felt"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fleece","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yarn","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T20:22:27.892Z"}
{"id":"6fea46b7-74d4-4136-b7f3-b458aaa564bc","word":"word","definition":"a unit of language with meaning and form, spoken or written.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"word","root_meaning":"speech, utterance","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werdan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"word","meaning":"unit of language","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"word","meaning":"word, speech","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"word","meaning":"speech, utterance","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["words","wording","wordy","password","keyword"],"synonyms":[{"word":"term","formality":"formal"},{"word":"utterance","formality":"formal"},{"word":"expression","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"0c4e7ef1-a305-4371-a2a1-a6099db2b7d9","word":"words","definition":"Units of language with independent meaning that form sentences.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"word","root_meaning":"speech, talk, utterance","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werda-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"words","meaning":"linguistic units","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"word","meaning":"speech, utterance","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"word","meaning":"speech","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["word","wordy","wording","wordless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"terms","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"expressions","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"utterances","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:08.509Z"}
{"id":"917d5cf5-2a29-43e2-8fdc-c73780514480","word":"work","definition":"Activity involving effort or exertion to accomplish a task or produce a result.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weorc","root_meaning":"work, labor, deed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"work","meaning":"activity; effort to accomplish","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"work, labor, deed","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorc","meaning":"work, labor, deed","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worker","working","workable","worked","workout"],"synonyms":[{"word":"labor","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toil","formality":"literary"},{"word":"task","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"employment","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T23:17:11.578Z"}
{"id":"522d90be-48df-4c92-87e2-3186e807214d","word":"worked","definition":"Past tense of work; performed labor or activity.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":"trabajó","language_family":"germanic","root":"werc","root_meaning":"to do; to make; to work","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worked","meaning":"performed labor or activity (past tense)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"to do; to labor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"werc","meaning":"work; deed; craft","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"*werg-","meaning":"to do; to work","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","worker","working","workable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"labored","formality":"formal"},{"word":"toiled","formality":"literary"},{"word":"functioned","formality":"formal"},{"word":"operated","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:39.468Z"}
{"id":"bdfa2096-2ec3-4da8-adeb-9aafc04dfc5e","word":"worker","definition":"A person who does a particular job or who works in a particular way.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weorcan","root_meaning":"to work, to labor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worker","meaning":"a person who works","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"to labor","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*werg-","meaning":"to work","children":[{"era":"pre-2000 BCE","word":"*werg-","meaning":"to do, make","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","workshop","rework","hardworking","homework"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employee","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"laborer","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"toiler","formality":"literary"},{"word":"operative","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-03T18:02:55.464Z"}
{"id":"92c4ec06-5547-44a5-9475-00aa5cd51cb2","word":"workers","definition":"Plural of worker; people who perform labor or carry out tasks for employment.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English werc","root_meaning":"work, deed, action","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wergan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"workers","meaning":"plural of worker; people who work","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"worker","meaning":"one who works","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"labor, action, deed","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","worker","working","workable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"employees","formality":"formal"},{"word":"laborers","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staff","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"1cd922d4-cdf1-4e62-90ab-ca95487f79be","word":"workflow","definition":"The sequence of industrial, administrative, or other processes through which a piece of work passes from initiation to completion.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"work, flow","root_meaning":"to labor, exert; to move freely","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-, *plew-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"workflow","meaning":"sequence of processes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"weorc","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"flow","meaning":"flōwan","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["workshop","homework","coworker","flood","flowing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"process","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"procedure","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"routine","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"operation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:05:34.208Z"}
{"id":"09badeaa-d659-4c75-8806-2007c9d65ea8","word":"workforce","definition":"The total number of people employed or available for work.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"weorc + fortia","root_meaning":"labor, action + strength","root_language":"Old English + Latin","root_era":"pre-1100 + classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"workforce","meaning":"People available for work.","children":[{"era":"current","word":"work","meaning":"labor","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorc","meaning":"labor, action","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*werka","meaning":"action, deed","children":[{"era":"8000-3000 BCE","word":"*werg-","meaning":"to do","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"force","meaning":"strength","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"force","meaning":"strength, power","children":[{"era":"300s-500s","word":"fortia","meaning":"strength","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"fortis","meaning":"strong","children":[],"language":"Latin"}],"language":"Late Latin"}],"language":"Old French"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","force","labor","employee"],"synonyms":[{"word":"labor force","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"employees","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"staff","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"personnel","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:09:21.052Z"}
{"id":"fca1473d-7a15-4e5e-8e76-e711b399037b","word":"working","definition":"The action of doing work or being employed.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"work","root_meaning":"to do, act, labor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"working","meaning":"action of labor or employment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"to labor, do work","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorc","meaning":"work, labor, craftsmanship","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","worker","workable","works"],"synonyms":[{"word":"laboring","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"functioning","formality":"formal"},{"word":"operating","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.275Z"}
{"id":"830ed6ab-23f4-48eb-abbb-f70037f2183c","word":"workout","definition":"A session of strenuous physical exercise or training.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"work","root_meaning":"labor, effort","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"workout","meaning":"Session of exercise","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"labor, effort","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"out","meaning":"forth, away","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","working","workable","overwork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"exercise","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"training","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"session","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"routine","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:17:30.389Z"}
{"id":"14074ccb-bb0f-479c-8f04-b496e31ac17d","word":"works","definition":"performs labor or tasks; operates or functions.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weorc","root_meaning":"work, labor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*werkan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"works","meaning":"performs labor; operates","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"work","meaning":"work, labor, toil","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorc","meaning":"work, activity","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","worker","working","workable","artwork"],"synonyms":[{"word":"labors","formality":"formal"},{"word":"operates","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"functions","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"3b807a79-d355-4763-a21e-bf0172171764","word":"workshop","definition":"A room or building in which goods are manufactured, repaired, or assembled.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"work","root_meaning":"to make, labor","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"workshop","meaning":"a place where goods are made or repaired","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"workshop","meaning":"room for craftwork","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"work","meaning":"labor, exertion","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"shop","meaning":"small house, booth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","shop","workshops","worker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"workroom","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"studio","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"factory","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"b69233f0-0ade-427e-b9aa-9ecdee94980b","word":"world","definition":"The earth and all its inhabitants; the domain of human life and experience.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weorold","root_meaning":"human existence, age, lifetime","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-ald-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"world","meaning":"earth and inhabitants","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"world","meaning":"human existence, age","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorold","meaning":"age, lifetime, human existence","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worldwide","worldly","otherworldly","underworld"],"synonyms":[{"word":"earth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"globe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cosmos","formality":"formal"},{"word":"realm","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"bae5fb11-4845-4ec4-9298-e1a59c82e1a0","word":"worldly","definition":"Concerned with secular affairs, practical life, or ordinary human experience rather than spiritual matters.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*werald-","root_meaning":"\"age of man\"; world","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worldly","meaning":"concerned with secular affairs or ordinary life","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"world","meaning":"human life on earth; later the earth and the universe","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wer + *ald","meaning":"\"man\" + \"age\"; literally \"age of man\"","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ly","meaning":"adjectival suffix meaning \"having the nature of\"","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["world","worldliness","worldwide","worldview","worldly-wise"],"synonyms":[{"word":"secular","formality":"formal"},{"word":"earthly","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cosmopolitan","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T04:30:41.432Z"}
{"id":"f9c82bee-0975-4e28-ba11-161059571cd3","word":"worldwide","definition":"Extending or existing throughout all countries or the entire world.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"world + wide","root_meaning":"all the world + broad, extensive","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worldwide","meaning":"throughout the entire world","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"world","meaning":"the world, human existence","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wide","meaning":"broad, extensive","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["world","wide","worldwide","globally"],"synonyms":[{"word":"global","formality":"formal"},{"word":"international","formality":"formal"},{"word":"universal","formality":"formal"},{"word":"planetwide","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.274Z"}
{"id":"175c33e5-2a98-4406-84a7-c44a71fdec58","word":"worm","definition":"Any of numerous relatively small, elongated, soft-bodied, legless invertebrates.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wyrm","root_meaning":"serpent, dragon, worm","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wrmi-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worm","meaning":"Legless invertebrate","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wyrm","meaning":"serpent, dragon, worm","children":[{"era":"pre-500 CE","word":"*wurmiz","meaning":"worm, serpent","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wyrm","vermin","wurm"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grub","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"larva","formality":"technical"},{"word":"maggot","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"14afdfe9-9437-4cc1-bc1a-aec902661285","word":"wormhole","definition":"A hypothetical shortcut through spacetime, or literally a hole made by a worm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"worm + hole","root_meaning":"a hole made by a worm","root_language":"English","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wormhole","meaning":"a worm-made hole or a spacetime shortcut","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"worm + hole","meaning":"compound of worm and hole","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"worm","meaning":"worm; serpent","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hole","meaning":"hollow; opening","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worm","hole","wormy","holey"],"synonyms":[{"word":"tunnel","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shortcut","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Einstein-Rosen bridge","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"ead08bc4-b5a1-45fa-adf2-0b27324dad31","word":"worry","definition":"To give way to anxiety or unease; allow one's mind to dwell on difficulty or troubles.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wyrgan","root_meaning":"to strangle, choke","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worry","meaning":"to feel anxiety","children":[{"era":"13th century","word":"weryen","meaning":"to choke, strangle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wyrgan","meaning":"to strangle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worrywart","worried","worrisome","unworrying"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fret","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bother","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"agonize","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stress","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:07:18.530Z"}
{"id":"bc2c4b9a-7444-4149-9fdd-02e31bf70da1","word":"worship","definition":"The act of showing reverence and adoration for a deity or something sacred.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weorthscipe","root_meaning":"worthiness, honor, reverence","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werþaz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worship","meaning":"to show reverence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorthscipe","meaning":"worthiness, honor, reverence","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorth","meaning":"worth, worthy","children":[{"era":"proto-language","word":"*werþaz","meaning":"worth, worthy","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-scipe","meaning":"state, condition (suffix)","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worth","worthy","fellowship"],"synonyms":[{"word":"adore","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revere","formality":"formal"},{"word":"venerate","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:05:25.619Z"}
{"id":"f6ce26c0-bc08-4c32-bb11-1a2c35e54c7e","word":"worth","definition":"The value or quality of something, or merit and importance.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English weorþ","root_meaning":"value, price, merit","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wertis","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worth","meaning":"value or merit","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorþ","meaning":"value, price, merit","children":[{"era":"pre-1000 BCE","word":"*wertis","meaning":"to turn, worth","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worthy","worthless","worthwhile","unworthy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"value","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"merit","formality":"formal"},{"word":"quality","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:13.254Z"}
{"id":"91e1749f-f927-40f0-8950-4091cb91f474","word":"worthwhile","definition":"Worth the time, money, or effort spent; rewarding.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"worth + while","root_meaning":"deserving; time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wert- (worth), *kʷyeh₁- (while)","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worthwhile","meaning":"worth the effort","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"worth + while","meaning":"worth time","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorþ","meaning":"worth, value","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*werþaz","meaning":"worth","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wert-","meaning":"to turn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"hwīl","meaning":"time, interval","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*hwīlō","meaning":"period of time","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*kʷyeh₁-","meaning":"rest, quiet","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English compound"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worth","whilst","meanwhile","worthiness","worthless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"valuable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"beneficial","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rewarding","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"profitable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:19:44.276Z"}
{"id":"54e776b2-25fc-49a3-b558-44cca5ad240a","word":"worthy","definition":"Having sufficient merit, value, or excellence; deserving of respect or attention.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"weorþ","root_meaning":"worth, value, price","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wert-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"worthy","meaning":"deserving","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorðig","meaning":"worthwhile, valuable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"weorþ","meaning":"worth, value, price","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["worth","worthwhile","worthless","priceless"],"synonyms":[{"word":"deserving","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"meritorious","formality":"formal"},{"word":"commendable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:03:44.379Z"}
{"id":"f8684669-7719-4d7b-a58f-46b324df172e","word":"would","definition":"Past tense of will, expressing conditional or habitual action in the past.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wolde","root_meaning":"wished, wanted","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"would","meaning":"conditional auxiliary verb","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wolde","meaning":"wished, wanted","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wellan","meaning":"to wish, will","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["will","willing","well","wealth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"should","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"might","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.553Z"}
{"id":"d793d792-d224-4cdd-8722-44319d4bc3d7","word":"wound","definition":"An injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is broken.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wund","root_meaning":"wound, injury","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wenh₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wound","meaning":"an injury","children":[{"era":"1100s","word":"wunde","meaning":"wound","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wund","meaning":"wound","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wounding","wounds","unwounded","gore"],"synonyms":[{"word":"injury","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"laceration","formality":"technical"},{"word":"cut","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:08:56.718Z"}
{"id":"dc2dd84f-48e9-4d4f-8531-80dd21e73acc","word":"wow","definition":"Expressing astonishment or admiration.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"wow","root_meaning":"(imitative sound)","root_language":"Scots","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wow","meaning":"Expressing astonishment","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"wow","meaning":"expression of astonishment; wailing of a dog","children":[{"era":"pre-16th century","word":"(onomatopoeic)","meaning":"sound of wailing or wonder","children":[],"language":"Imitative"}],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["woof","howl","meow","pow"],"synonyms":[{"word":"amazing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"fantastic","formality":"informal"},{"word":"incredible","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T02:04:58.598Z"}
{"id":"ab667479-45fe-41ae-94d4-6aef7725d0c3","word":"wraith","definition":"A ghostly apparition or specter, especially one resembling a living person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wraith","meaning":"a ghostly apparition or specter, especially one resembling a living person","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"wraith","meaning":"ghost, apparition, or likeness","children":[],"language":"Scots"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wraithlike","wraithy","wraiths","wraithen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ghost","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"specter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"apparition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"shade","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:25:09.091Z"}
{"id":"ec950134-1c6d-494e-b786-fbbfb88f1124","word":"wrap","definition":"To cover or enclose something by folding or winding a material around it.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrappian","root_meaning":"to wrap, turn, fold","root_language":"Old English/Old Norse","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrap","meaning":"To cover or enclose something by folding or winding","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"wrappen","meaning":"to wrap","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrappian","meaning":"to wrap","children":[],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"vreppa","meaning":"to turn, fold","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wrapper","unravel","envelop","fold"],"synonyms":[{"word":"enfold","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"encase","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"swathe","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cover","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:17:30.192Z"}
{"id":"db1105c8-f8ec-4e0f-8084-1e08b8ce530b","word":"wrath","definition":"Extreme anger; rage.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wræððu","root_meaning":"anger","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrath","meaning":"extreme anger","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wræððu","meaning":"anger, rage","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["writhe","wretched","ire","angry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rage","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fury","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indignation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"ire","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:09:06.000Z"}
{"id":"f48cd494-d444-437c-9695-000340f15981","word":"wreck","definition":"The destruction or disablement of a ship or other vehicle; also, the remains of such.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wræc","root_meaning":"vengeance, misfortune, ruin","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wreck","meaning":"destruction, remains","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wræc","meaning":"misfortune, ruin","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*wreg-","meaning":"to drive, to push","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wreak","wretched","wrath"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ruin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"shipwreck","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"disaster","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:19:49.672Z"}
{"id":"2609b58d-ecdb-4a63-8a82-31890cfe6ece","word":"wrench","definition":"To twist or pull something abruptly and forcefully.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrenc","root_meaning":"twist; trick; distortion","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrench","meaning":"to twist or pull something abruptly and forcefully","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wrenchen","meaning":"to twist, distort, or seize sharply","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrenc","meaning":"a trick, twist, or distortion","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wrenched","wrenching","unwrench","wrenchingly","wrenchable"],"synonyms":[{"word":"twist","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yank","formality":"informal"},{"word":"tug","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:24:53.191Z"}
{"id":"f22dfed9-85be-4b3b-ae9f-c49de0dd333d","word":"wrestle","definition":"To engage in a physical struggle with an opponent, trying to throw or force them to the ground.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wræstlian","root_meaning":"to struggle, to twist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreih₁-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrestle","meaning":"To engage in a struggle or fight","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wræstlian","meaning":"to struggle, to twist","children":[{"era":"early Germanic","word":"*wraistjan","meaning":"to twist","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*wer-","meaning":"to turn, to bend","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wrest","wrist","wrench","writhe"],"synonyms":[{"word":"struggle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"grapple","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contend","formality":"formal"},{"word":"tussle","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T18:10:53.109Z"}
{"id":"c722b3b5-339c-4377-ab22-3317ed1b5fd6","word":"wrestler","definition":"A wrestler is a person who wrestles, especially as a sport or profession.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrǣstlian","root_meaning":"to wrestle; to struggle or twist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrestler","meaning":"a person who wrestles","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wrestle","meaning":"to struggle or grapple physically","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrǣstlian","meaning":"to struggle, grapple, or wrestle","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrǣstan","meaning":"to twist, wrench, or wrest","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wrestle","wrestling","wrested","wrest","armwrestling"],"synonyms":[{"word":"grappler","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fighter","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"combatant","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:28:01.276Z"}
{"id":"aae2f795-3b60-4d82-9793-2d97e82345f6","word":"wretch","definition":"An unfortunate or unhappy person.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrecca","root_meaning":"exile, stranger, outcast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wrakjō","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wretch","meaning":"An unfortunate person","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrecca","meaning":"exile, stranger, outcast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wrakjō","meaning":"wanderer","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wretched","wretchedness","wrack"],"synonyms":[{"word":"outcast","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unfortunate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"miserable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:11:34.071Z"}
{"id":"7f62e0a4-3926-4107-9c79-6d0c4c378f69","word":"wretched","definition":"In a deplorable, miserable, or unfortunate state.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrecca","root_meaning":"exile, outcast","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wretched","meaning":"In a deplorable, miserable, or unfortunate state.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wrecched","meaning":"miserable","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrecca","meaning":"exile, outcast","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wretch","wretchedness","bewretch"],"synonyms":[{"word":"miserable","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"unhappy","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"deplorable","formality":"formal"},{"word":"pitiable","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T06:12:38.618Z"}
{"id":"1016d5f2-86ed-4a47-8acf-01bf8e6fdaba","word":"wright","definition":"A person who makes or builds something (often used in compounds, e.g., playwright, wheelwright).","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*wrihtiz","root_meaning":"worker, maker","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*werg-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wright","meaning":"maker, builder","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wyrhta","meaning":"worker, maker","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wrihtiz","meaning":"worker, maker","children":[{"era":null,"word":"*werg-","meaning":"to do, to work","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["work","wrought","playwright","cartwright"],"synonyms":[{"word":"craftsman","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"maker","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"builder","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T17:08:59.568Z"}
{"id":"fde9796c-d3da-4cdf-8d96-d65ef4b15d8c","word":"wrinkle","definition":"A wrinkle is a small fold, line, or crease in a surface, especially skin or cloth.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrinkle","meaning":"a small fold, line, or crease in a surface","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"wrincle","meaning":"a fold or crease","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrincle","meaning":"a fold, crease, or wrinkle","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wrinkled","wrinkly","wrinkling","crinkle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"crease","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"crinkle","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fold","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:21:23.830Z"}
{"id":"2a2d85d5-7393-4d2c-a491-5a07ecf9ec5e","word":"wrist","definition":"The joint connecting the hand with the forearm.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrist","root_meaning":"wrist","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreih-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrist","meaning":"hand-forearm joint","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrist","meaning":"wrist","children":[{"era":"Proto-Germanic","word":"*wristiz","meaning":"wrist","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["writhe","wrest","wreath","twist","wry"],"synonyms":[{"word":"carpus","formality":"technical"},{"word":"joint","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"articulation","formality":"technical"},{"word":"appendage","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"991c2f0b-e840-47a1-b017-ff3f6cae9471","word":"write","definition":"To mark letters, words, or symbols on a surface, typically paper, using a pen or pencil.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"writan","root_meaning":"to scratch, cut, score","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"write","meaning":"to mark letters or words","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"writan","meaning":"to scratch, cut, engrave","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wreit-","meaning":"to scratch, tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["written","writer","writing","writes","rewrite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"compose","formality":"formal"},{"word":"inscribe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"jot","formality":"informal"},{"word":"scribe","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:54:10.509Z"}
{"id":"dbe6d17e-945b-4d09-a86b-5d7dc132e55c","word":"writer","definition":"A person who writes, especially as a profession or occupation; an author.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"wrītan","root_meaning":"to write, scratch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreit-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"writer","meaning":"one who writes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"write","meaning":"to write, scratch, mark","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"*wreit-","meaning":"to write, scratch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-er","meaning":"agent suffix","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["write","writing","written","rewrite","writer's"],"synonyms":[{"word":"author","formality":"formal"},{"word":"scribe","formality":"formal"},{"word":"penman","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"wordsmith","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:45.832Z"}
{"id":"15002dee-0bd9-42c3-8b3c-69f24627d622","word":"writing","definition":"The act or skill of marking letters and words on a surface.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"escritura","language_family":"germanic","root":"writan","root_meaning":"to scratch, cut, mark","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1200s","word":"writing","meaning":"the act of inscribing characters","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"writan","meaning":"to scratch, mark, cut","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wer-","meaning":"to turn, bend, scratch","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},"related_words":["write","writer","written"],"synonyms":[{"word":"script","formality":"formal"},{"word":"composition","formality":"formal"},{"word":"penmanship","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.172Z"}
{"id":"28daafa0-fd59-43ae-b691-c00b9f17d4be","word":"written","definition":"composed and set down in letters or characters.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"writan","root_meaning":"to scratch, carve, write","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"800s","proto_root":"*wreit","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"written","meaning":"set down in writing","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"written","meaning":"carved, inscribed","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"writan","meaning":"to scratch, carve, write","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*wreit","meaning":"to turn, twist, write","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["write","writer","writing","rewrite","handwritten"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inscribed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"composed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"documented","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:06:00.011Z"}
{"id":"e748d33f-6086-4187-8133-257786583d4e","word":"wrong","definition":"Not correct or in accordance with fact, law, or morality.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English wrang","root_meaning":"twisted, crooked, unjust","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrong","meaning":"not correct; unjust","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"wrang","meaning":"twisted, crooked, unjust","children":[{"era":"800s BCE","word":"wringan","meaning":"to twist, wring","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["wring","wrung","wrongly","wrongness","wrongdoing"],"synonyms":[{"word":"incorrect","formality":"formal"},{"word":"unjust","formality":"formal"},{"word":"mistaken","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"improper","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.952Z"}
{"id":"34918c44-40f4-4052-b006-4901cb5479c5","word":"wrote","definition":"Past tense of write; marked letters or symbols on a surface.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Old English writan","root_meaning":"to write, scratch","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*wreik-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"wrote","meaning":"past tense of write","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"write","meaning":"to scratch, carve, write","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*wreik-","meaning":"to scratch, tear","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["write","writer","writing","rewrite"],"synonyms":[{"word":"inscribed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"penned","formality":"literary"},{"word":"composed","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:56.693Z"}
{"id":"61d22b3a-506f-427c-9298-73313bd3a8e2","word":"www","definition":"Abbreviation for World Wide Web, a system of interconnected documents and resources on the Internet.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1989","word":"www","meaning":"World Wide Web","children":[{"era":"1989","word":"World Wide Web","meaning":"global information system","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"web","meaning":"woven fabric, network","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"webb","meaning":"woven cloth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["web","internet","website","browser"],"synonyms":[{"word":"web","formality":"informal"},{"word":"Internet","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.703Z"}
{"id":"679b6bb1-b360-43bd-8b6f-c300d580e6d4","word":"xbox","definition":"A video game console manufactured by Microsoft, primarily used for entertainment and gaming.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":"proprietary brand name","root_language":"English","root_era":"2001","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"xbox","meaning":"gaming console","children":[{"era":"2001","word":"Xbox","meaning":"brand name combining X and box","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["console","gaming","Microsoft"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gaming console","formality":"technical"},{"word":"video game system","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"game platform","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.597Z"}
{"id":"fe3da549-86fb-462b-8ba4-ce200142416a","word":"xml","definition":"Extensible Markup Language; a standardized markup language for encoding documents and data.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Extensible + Markup + Language","root_meaning":"capable of being extended + language for marking up text + means of communication","root_language":"Modern English","root_era":"1998","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1998","word":"XML","meaning":"Extensible Markup Language","children":[{"era":"current","word":"Extensible","meaning":"capable of being extended","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1960s","word":"Markup","meaning":"annotations in text","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"1200s","word":"Language","meaning":"system of communication","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["SGML","HTML","markup","extensible"],"synonyms":[{"word":"markup language","formality":"technical"},{"word":"data format","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:11.101Z"}
{"id":"42c46f8d-29fa-44e4-b130-1b4a866a9ee8","word":"yacht","definition":"A medium-sized sailing or motor boat used for pleasure or racing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"yate","language_family":"other","root":"jacht","root_meaning":"hunt, chase","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1500s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"1500s","word":"jacht","meaning":"Hunt, chase; short for jachtschip, 'hunting ship'.","children":[{"era":"1550s","word":"yacht","meaning":"Fast sailing vessel.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"yate","meaning":"Yacht.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Dutch"},"related_words":["yachting","yachtsman"],"synonyms":[{"word":"boat","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"vessel","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cruiser","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"9a441504-ac38-4284-b495-ce4e7e939865","word":"yah","definition":"An informal term used to express affirmation or agreement, or as a greeting.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geā","root_meaning":"yes","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yah","meaning":"informal yes","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"yeah","meaning":"informal yes","children":[{"era":"12th century","word":"yea","meaning":"yes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geā","meaning":"yes","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yeah","yes","aye","yup","yep","yea"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yeah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"yup","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:03:59.535Z"}
{"id":"910418a9-178e-41a0-9bb4-bdb9a2adb234","word":"yahoo","definition":"An exclamation of excitement or enthusiasm; also a person regarded as uncouth or barbaric.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yahoo","meaning":"exclamation of excitement","children":[{"era":"1726","word":"Gulliver's Travels","meaning":"coined by Jonathan Swift for a fictional brutish race","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yay","hooray","whoop"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hurrah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"exclamation","formality":"formal"},{"word":"whoop","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.136Z"}
{"id":"5ec25e00-5366-4c7a-87d7-5abc4cce6c4a","word":"yakuza","definition":"An organized crime syndicate originating in Japan.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"ya ku za","root_meaning":"eight, nine, three (a losing hand in a card game)","root_language":"Japanese","root_era":"18th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yakuza","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"yakuza","meaning":"gambler's gang (from losing card hand)","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"ya","meaning":"eight","children":[],"language":"Japanese"},{"era":"ancient","word":"ku","meaning":"nine","children":[],"language":"Japanese"},{"era":"ancient","word":"za","meaning":"three","children":[],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gangster","mafia","syndicate","criminal","triad"],"synonyms":[{"word":"mafia","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"gang","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"syndicate","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:04:43.237Z"}
{"id":"93272312-6f49-4ad5-be69-efe5ff5b9910","word":"yang","definition":"The masculine or positive principle in nature, in traditional Chinese philosophy.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"yáng","root_meaning":"sun, male, positive","root_language":"Mandarin Chinese","root_era":"ancient","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yang","meaning":"masculine principle","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"yáng","meaning":"sun, male, positive principle","children":[],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yin","yin-yang","Taoism","qi"],"synonyms":[{"word":"masculine principle","formality":"technical"},{"word":"positive force","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"active energy","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:18:57.515Z"}
{"id":"06490e01-7e9c-4d8b-acaf-e3ea03169a01","word":"yank","definition":"To pull something suddenly and sharply.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yank","meaning":"to pull something suddenly and sharply","children":[{"era":"18th century","word":"sound-symbolic base","meaning":"imitative or expressive source of the word","children":[],"language":"uncertain"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yanked","yanking","yanker","yanker"],"synonyms":[{"word":"pull","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tug","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"jerk","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T07:02:20.385Z"}
{"id":"237ea8f2-caa2-42ae-9c85-0dcb132c0592","word":"yankee","definition":"A native or inhabitant of the United States, especially one from New England.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"Jan Kees","root_meaning":"John Cheese","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"17th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yankee","meaning":"A native or inhabitant of the United States.","children":[{"era":"1750s","word":"Yankee","meaning":"a resident of New England","children":[{"era":"17th century","word":"Janke / Jan Kees","meaning":"diminutive of Jan or 'John Cheese'","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English (colonial)"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Yank","Yankee Doodle","Yankeeism"],"synonyms":[{"word":"American","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Northerner","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"New Englander","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T08:02:39.205Z"}
{"id":"755ca03a-587c-41be-b841-133a0cd10686","word":"yard","definition":"A unit of length equal to three feet; also, a piece of ground next to a house, typically covered with grass.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ġeard","root_meaning":"enclosure, garden, court","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ǵʰerh₁dʰ-","etymology_tree":{"era":"pre-1100","word":"yard","meaning":"measure; enclosure","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ġeard","meaning":"enclosure, garden, court","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gardaz","meaning":"enclosure, court","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"English"},"related_words":["garden","orchard","girth","rod","yardstick"],"synonyms":[{"word":"lawn","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"garden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"measure","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"96eb5ab7-4df9-4220-a420-cfb9af9b2c79","word":"yarn","definition":"Spun fiber used for knitting, weaving, or sewing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gearn","root_meaning":"spun fiber","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*garno-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yarn","meaning":"spun fiber","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gearn","meaning":"spun fiber","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*garno-","meaning":"spun fiber","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["fiber","thread","string","weave","knit","narrative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thread","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"fiber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"story","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-05T00:10:42.541Z"}
{"id":"d60a6849-8c2d-40b0-9f6b-6e2137ac7810","word":"yawn","definition":"To yawn is to open the mouth involuntarily, usually with a deep breath, often from fatigue or boredom.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*ginaną","root_meaning":"to gape, yawn","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghei-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yawn","meaning":"to open the mouth involuntarily, usually with a deep breath","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English ġinian","meaning":"to yawn, gape","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *ginaną","meaning":"to gape, yawn","children":[{"era":"prehistory","word":"PIE *ghei-","meaning":"to gape, yawn","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yawning","yawned","yawner","yawnlike"],"synonyms":[{"word":"gape","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"open wide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"stretch","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T00:24:30.064Z"}
{"id":"57dd49f9-ab61-42cb-96ae-05a0f151d6af","word":"yay","definition":"An exclamation used to express joy, approval, or triumph.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"yea","root_meaning":"yes, indeed","root_language":"Middle English","root_era":"1200s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yay","meaning":"An exclamation used to express joy, approval, or triumph.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yea","meaning":"yes, indeed","children":[],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yea","yeah","yippee","yaho"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hooray","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"hurrah","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"bravo","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:13:16.978Z"}
{"id":"b58a900f-464f-4e91-bd5e-35d52eb5d623","word":"yea","definition":"Yes; indeed.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gea","root_meaning":"yes, so, thus","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ja-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yea","meaning":"Yes; indeed.","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gea","meaning":"yes, so, thus","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ja-","meaning":"yes","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yes","yonder","yet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"indeed","formality":"formal"},{"word":"truly","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:18:41.680Z"}
{"id":"64307f74-d64b-4afb-89db-21b61af8219b","word":"yeah","definition":"An informal word expressing affirmation or agreement.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gea","root_meaning":"yes","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gai-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yeah","meaning":"yes, affirmation","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yea","meaning":"yes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gea","meaning":"yes","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yea","yes","yep","yeah"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yes","formality":"formal"},{"word":"yep","formality":"informal"},{"word":"affirmative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.847Z"}
{"id":"62fd4cac-b76e-4f7b-8b16-a415683bdbd8","word":"year","definition":"A period of time lasting approximately 365 or 366 days, marking one complete orbit of Earth around the sun.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"jar","root_meaning":"year, season, harvest time","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*yer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"year","meaning":"365-366 day period","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"yer","meaning":"year, season","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"jar","meaning":"year, season, harvest time","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yearly","yearn","yesteryear","year-round"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"twelvemonth","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"cycle","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:50:39.235Z"}
{"id":"0c9e0929-267e-4f65-9857-976641dda436","word":"yearbook","definition":"An annual publication, especially one issued by a school or organization.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yearbook","meaning":"an annual publication, especially one issued by a school or organization","children":[{"era":"current","word":"year","meaning":"a period of twelve months","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English gēar","meaning":"year","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *jērą","meaning":"year","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"current","word":"book","meaning":"a written or printed work consisting of pages","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English bōc","meaning":"book; writing","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *bōks","meaning":"book; writing; beech tree","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["year","yearly","year-end","book","booklet"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"school annual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annal","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:43:58.029Z"}
{"id":"7f75ddf5-2f48-4443-89db-f1c54f3713dc","word":"yearly","definition":"Occurring, appearing, or published once every year; also, of or lasting for a year.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ġēarlīċ","root_meaning":"yearly","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*yēr-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yearly","meaning":"Occurring once a year.","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yerly","meaning":"yearly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ġēarlīċ","meaning":"yearly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ġēar","meaning":"year","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["year","annually","anniversary","yore","evergreen"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annual","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"annually","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"per annum","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:08:40.043Z"}
{"id":"f6728884-1405-4174-bbaa-8c0d4c39204c","word":"yearn","definition":"To feel a strong, often wistful desire for something.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geornian","root_meaning":"to desire, long for","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yearn","meaning":"feel a strong desire","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yernen / yernen","meaning":"to desire eagerly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ġeornian","meaning":"to desire, be eager","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yearning","yearned","yearner","yearnings","yearningly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"long","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pine","formality":"literary"},{"word":"crave","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T20:45:59.230Z"}
{"id":"973e96a2-3611-4dad-8f3c-bc4c110ae4ae","word":"years","definition":"Plural of year; a period of 365 or 366 days, or a long period of time.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"año","language_family":"germanic","root":"gear","root_meaning":"year, season","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*jer-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"years","meaning":"periods of time, plural","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"year","meaning":"a cycle of seasons","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gear","meaning":"year, season","children":[{"era":"3000 BCE","word":"*jer-","meaning":"to turn, to make a turn of seasons","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["year","yearly","yearling","yearbook"],"synonyms":[{"word":"annum","formality":"formal"},{"word":"seasons","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cycles","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:05.785Z"}
{"id":"3670f2d6-a38b-471a-b311-5910fc1abb8d","word":"yeast","definition":"A microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gist","root_meaning":"foam, ferment","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*yes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yeast","meaning":"fungus used in baking/brewing","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yest","meaning":"foam, ferment","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gist","meaning":"foam, ferment","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["gush","gas","gust","effervescence"],"synonyms":[{"word":"leavening","formality":"technical"},{"word":"ferment","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T22:18:07.700Z"}
{"id":"e85049b9-235c-4375-9771-14a78ec7da39","word":"yell","definition":"To utter a loud, sharp cry; to shout.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ġiellan","root_meaning":"to yell, shout","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gellan-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yell","meaning":"to shout loudly","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ġiellan","meaning":"to yell, shout","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yowl","call","holler","gale"],"synonyms":[{"word":"shout","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scream","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"holler","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T04:05:04.870Z"}
{"id":"5f8ff08f-cd5d-4d72-b464-22b06d0fc816","word":"yellow","definition":"The color of the sun or gold, between green and orange in the spectrum.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geolu","root_meaning":"yellow","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yellow","meaning":"color between green and orange","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yellwe","meaning":"yellow","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geolo","meaning":"yellow","children":[{"era":"2000 BCE","word":"*ghel-","meaning":"to shine, be bright","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yellowish","yellowing","yellowness","golden"],"synonyms":[{"word":"golden","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"amber","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blonde","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:09.171Z"}
{"id":"7e15face-a5ac-4c43-be32-88afab18e483","word":"yelp","definition":"A sharp, high-pitched cry, especially of pain or surprise.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"*gelpą","root_meaning":"boasting; shouting","root_language":"Proto-Germanic","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*gʰel-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yelp","meaning":"a sharp cry","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"yelpen","meaning":"to cry out; to boast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"ġielpan","meaning":"to boast; cry out","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gelpą","meaning":"boasting; shouting","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"*gʰel-","meaning":"to shout; call out","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yelped","yelping","yelps","yelper","yell"],"synonyms":[{"word":"cry","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"squeal","formality":"informal"},{"word":"shriek","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"4adf28ec-0811-4f23-8fca-030d1a661864","word":"yep","definition":"An informal affirmative reply meaning yes.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"yea","root_meaning":"yes, so, indeed","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ja-","etymology_tree":{"era":"1800s","word":"yep","meaning":"informal yes","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"yep / yup","meaning":"dialectal yes","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"yes","meaning":"affirmative reply","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"gese / yise","meaning":"yes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gēse","meaning":"yes (lit. 'be it so')","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*ja-","meaning":"yes, affirmation","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Early Modern English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yes","yeah","yup","yea","aye","affirmative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yeah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"certainly","formality":"formal"},{"word":"aye","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T02:50:54.176Z"}
{"id":"8688cb76-0a78-42be-ba0f-0dd6bc48e012","word":"yes","definition":"An affirmative response expressing agreement or consent.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gea","root_meaning":"yes","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yes","meaning":"affirmative response","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yis","meaning":"yes","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gea","meaning":"yes","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yeah","yep","yea","yes"],"synonyms":[{"word":"affirmative","formality":"formal"},{"word":"yeah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"yea","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"certainly","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.992Z"}
{"id":"61037e76-0f65-4bbf-aeb5-f1f909187527","word":"yesterday","definition":"The day before today.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"ayer","language_family":"germanic","root":"yester","root_meaning":"of or relating to the day before","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ghes-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yesterday","meaning":"the day before today","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"yester","meaning":"of the preceding day","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"day","meaning":"24-hour period","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yester","yesternight","yesteryear","day"],"synonyms":[{"word":"prior day","formality":"formal"},{"word":"the day before","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:41.695Z"}
{"id":"0d206a81-609a-4b65-89cd-bc6e05756421","word":"yet","definition":"Still; up to the present time; or used to introduce a statement that contrasts with what has already been said.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gieta","root_meaning":"yet, still","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yet","meaning":"still, up to now, or introducing contrast","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"yet","meaning":"yet, still","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yeti"],"synonyms":[{"word":"still","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"however","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"nonetheless","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:54.423Z"}
{"id":"17b88f2a-9266-40ef-a60e-d3d40721d897","word":"yield","definition":"Produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product).","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"gieldan","root_meaning":"to pay, to render, to repay","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*geldanan","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yield","meaning":"current meaning","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gieldan","meaning":"to pay, to render, to repay","children":[{"era":"pre-500","word":"*geldanan","meaning":"to pay, to compensate","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["guild","tax","tribute","payment","geld"],"synonyms":[{"word":"produce","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"provide","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"generate","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"surrender","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T14:03:04.948Z"}
{"id":"9ffbfda0-2378-48c8-989d-41506abf1f92","word":"yikes","definition":"Yikes is an interjection used to express alarm, surprise, or discomfort.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yikes","meaning":"an exclamation of alarm or surprise","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yike","yikesy","yikeses"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eek","formality":"informal"},{"word":"oops","formality":"informal"},{"word":"whoa","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T12:37:06.794Z"}
{"id":"783c0d7f-9059-49f2-9956-fdeb345d775d","word":"yin","definition":"The dark, receptive, and passive principle in Chinese cosmology, paired with yang.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"陰 / 阴 (yīn)","root_meaning":"shade; the dark side, especially of a hill","root_language":"Chinese","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yin","meaning":"the dark, receptive principle in Chinese cosmology","children":[{"era":"modern borrowing","word":"yin","meaning":"loanword from Chinese transliteration","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"陰 / 阴 (yīn)","meaning":"shade; the dark, receptive side","children":[],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yin-yang","yinyang","yin and yang","yincha"],"synonyms":[{"word":"dark principle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"receptive principle","formality":"formal"},{"word":"feminine principle","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T00:47:14.985Z"}
{"id":"c62b3100-95a4-4e4d-bc77-686838d88531","word":"yoga","definition":"A Hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline, widely practiced for health and relaxation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"yóga","root_meaning":"Union, joining, harnessing, discipline","root_language":"Sanskrit","root_era":"classical","proto_root":"*yug-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yoga","meaning":"A Hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"yóga","meaning":"union, discipline","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*yug-","meaning":"to join, yoke","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yoke","conjugation","adjust","jugular"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meditation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"practice","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"discipline","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T16:03:40.850Z"}
{"id":"81260193-57a6-4add-9c5a-871ca0448a97","word":"yogurt","definition":"A semi-solid food made from fermented milk, often sweetened and flavored.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"yogur","language_family":"other","root":"yoğurt","root_meaning":"curdled milk","root_language":"Turkish","root_era":"1000s (origin)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yogurt","meaning":"fermented milk product","children":[{"era":"1700s","word":"yogourt","meaning":"yogurt","children":[{"era":"1000s (origin)","word":"yoğurt","meaning":"curdled milk","children":[],"language":"Turkish"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["kefir","ayran","lassi","doogh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fermented milk","formality":"technical"},{"word":"curd","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:25:34.487Z"}
{"id":"bf3b3dd9-8338-48e1-8f59-5940ee952cb2","word":"yonder","definition":"At or in that place over there, at a noticeable distance.","part_of_speech":"adverb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geond","root_meaning":"beyond","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yonder","meaning":"at or in that place over there, at a noticeable distance","children":[{"era":"1100s-1400s","word":"yonder","meaning":"there, over there","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geondor / geondra","meaning":"further away; beyond","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geond","meaning":"beyond","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yon","yond","beyond","yonderly"],"synonyms":[{"word":"there","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"over there","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"afar","formality":"literary"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T19:49:51.880Z"}
{"id":"0a2d6aab-f952-46e9-8b5b-70848f5644ca","word":"york","definition":"A historic city in northern England, or a place name used in various locations.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Eoferwic","root_meaning":"boar settlement","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"York","meaning":"historic city in England","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Eoferwic","meaning":"boar settlement","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"Yorvik","meaning":"estate of the wild boar","children":[],"language":"Old Norse"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Yorkshire","New York"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Yorvik","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:53.881Z"}
{"id":"650fd037-5467-4e8f-b6a1-69c4631d1a62","word":"you","definition":"Pronoun referring to the person or people being addressed.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eow","root_meaning":"you","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*yu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"you","meaning":"second person pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eow","meaning":"you (accusative/dative)","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*yu-","meaning":"second person pronoun","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["your","yourself","ye","thou"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yourself","formality":"formal"},{"word":"thou","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"b726f797-b2b4-4b42-bf6b-8a28cdbb614d","word":"young","definition":"In early stages of life or development; not old.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geong","root_meaning":"young, junior","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*jung-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"young","meaning":"not old, early in life","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geong","meaning":"young, junior","children":[{"era":"pre-500 BCE","word":"*jung-","meaning":"young","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["youngster","younger","youngest","youth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"youthful","formality":"formal"},{"word":"juvenile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"adolescent","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T22:46:52.437Z"}
{"id":"e25603ae-72f3-471e-9039-e2f4ac3ae5d5","word":"youngster","definition":"A young person, especially a child or adolescent.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geong","root_meaning":"young","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"youngster","meaning":"a young person","children":[{"era":"current","word":"young","meaning":"not old; of early age","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geong","meaning":"young","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},{"era":"pre-1100","word":"-ster","meaning":"noun-forming suffix, originally often agentive or collective","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["young","younger","youngest","youngling","youth"],"synonyms":[{"word":"child","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"youth","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"kid","formality":"informal"},{"word":"minor","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T01:53:26.791Z"}
{"id":"32d6f42a-20a3-4b48-b60b-508aec6aa852","word":"your","definition":"Possessive pronoun or determiner indicating something belonging to or associated with the person being addressed.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eower","root_meaning":"of you","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*yu-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"your","meaning":"possessive pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eower","meaning":"of you, your","children":[{"era":"2500 BCE","word":"*yu-","meaning":"second person pronoun","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["you","yours","yourself","ye"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yours","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"thine","formality":"archaic"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:04:29.461Z"}
{"id":"237dee2e-1ffa-4aba-8879-f61ecd32c8d9","word":"yours","definition":"Second-person singular or plural possessive pronoun indicating that something belongs to the person or people being addressed.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"eower","root_meaning":"of you, belonging to you","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*jūz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yours","meaning":"that which belongs to you","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"your + -s","meaning":"possessive form of 'your', with genitive -s added for independent use","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"your","meaning":"belonging to you","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"eower","meaning":"genitive plural of 'ge' (ye/you)","children":[{"era":"pre-700","word":"*iwwaz","meaning":"of you (plural)","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["your","you","yourself","yourselves","ye"],"synonyms":[{"word":"thine","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"thy","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"your own","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:54:54.564Z"}
{"id":"c137ded8-844b-42a2-bc7e-2959895812d4","word":"yourself","definition":"The reflexive or emphatic form of 'you' used as the object of a verb or preposition.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"you","root_meaning":"second person pronoun","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ju-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yourself","meaning":"reflexive form of you","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"you + self","meaning":"you combined with self for emphasis","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"self","meaning":"one's own person","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["you","self","myself","himself","herself"],"synonyms":[{"word":"you","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"5ae6e189-ef56-4940-bed0-6ba935199556","word":"yous","definition":"An informal plural form of \"you\" used in some dialects.","part_of_speech":"pronoun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"ġē","root_meaning":"you (plural)","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*jūz","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yous","meaning":"informal plural 'you'","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"you","meaning":"second-person pronoun","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Old English ġē","meaning":"you (plural)","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"Proto-Germanic *jūz","meaning":"you (plural)","children":[{"era":"prehistoric","word":"Proto-Indo-European *yu-","meaning":"you","children":[],"language":"Proto-Indo-European"}],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"},{"era":"Middle English/Modern English","word":"-s","meaning":"plural suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["you","ye","youse","yinz","you-all"],"synonyms":[{"word":"youse","formality":"informal"},{"word":"y'all","formality":"informal"},{"word":"you-all","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T12:49:34.711Z"}
{"id":"e0a5e223-91a5-4adf-9918-aa238743c463","word":"youth","definition":"The period of life when someone is young, typically from childhood to early adulthood.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"youth","root_meaning":"the state of being young","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ju-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"youth","meaning":"period of being young","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geogð","meaning":"youth, youthfulness","children":[{"era":"500 BCE","word":"jugund","meaning":"youth, young people","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["young","youthful","adolescence","juvenile"],"synonyms":[{"word":"young age","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"adolescence","formality":"formal"},{"word":"juvenility","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:12.356Z"}
{"id":"a697746c-4cc1-40c7-a49a-1b09177aaaa5","word":"youthful","definition":"Having the qualities of youth; young, fresh, or vigorous.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"geoguð","root_meaning":"youth","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"youthful","meaning":"having the qualities of youth","children":[{"era":"1200s-1400s","word":"youth + -ful","meaning":"formed from youth plus the adjective-forming suffix -ful","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"youth","meaning":"young age or the state of being young","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"geoguð","meaning":"youth","children":[],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["youth","youthfulness","youthfully","youthsome"],"synonyms":[{"word":"young","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"juvenile","formality":"technical"},{"word":"adolescent","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T21:40:44.070Z"}
{"id":"0f85c40b-70ba-45e7-acc5-022b0b241109","word":"yuan","definition":"The basic monetary unit of China.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"yuán","root_meaning":"round object, round coin","root_language":"Mandarin Chinese","root_era":"19th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yuan","meaning":"Chinese currency","children":[{"era":"19th century","word":"yuán","meaning":"round object, round coin","children":[{"era":"pre-19th century","word":"(earlier form)","meaning":"referring to round coins","children":[],"language":"Classical Chinese"}],"language":"Mandarin Chinese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["renminbi","currency","money","cash"],"synonyms":[{"word":"currency","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"money","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"cash","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:15:31.700Z"}
{"id":"3884209d-f016-4790-8486-7e3052c2395a","word":"yuck","definition":"An exclamation of disgust.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"yuck","root_meaning":"exclamation of disgust","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yuck","meaning":"An exclamation of disgust.","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yucky","ick","eww","ugh"],"synonyms":[{"word":"eww","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ick","formality":"informal"},{"word":"ugh","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:21:54.729Z"}
{"id":"2ce8eb56-53ae-4827-a83c-b2a2139c6f83","word":"yue","definition":"Yue is the ISO 639-3 code for Cantonese, and in English it can refer to the Cantonese language.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"粵","root_meaning":"Cantonese; Yue","root_language":"Chinese","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yue","meaning":"ISO code and name for Cantonese","children":[{"era":"modern","word":"Yue","meaning":"Cantonese; Yue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"粵 / 粤","meaning":"Cantonese; Yue","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"粵語 / 粤语","meaning":"Cantonese language","children":[],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Yue","Yue Chinese","Cantonese","yuè","粤语"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Cantonese","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"Yue Chinese","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Cantonese language","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-11T19:46:50.304Z"}
{"id":"985ee041-fa2b-4f01-96bb-f112fcddf8fc","word":"yum","definition":"An exclamation of pleasure, especially when tasting or anticipating good food.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":"20th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yum","meaning":"Exclamation of pleasure from food","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yummy","munch","nom"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delicious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tasty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mmmm","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:19:50.049Z"}
{"id":"413877e2-ce0c-4cb3-98ea-00d67dd69e9d","word":"yummy","definition":"Delicious or very pleasing to the taste.","part_of_speech":"adjective","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"yum","root_meaning":"interjection of pleasure","root_language":"English","root_era":"19th C","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yummy","meaning":"delicious","children":[{"era":"19th C","word":"yum","meaning":"interjection of pleasure","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yum","yum-yum","scrumptious"],"synonyms":[{"word":"delicious","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"tasty","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"appetizing","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"scrumptious","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T07:07:34.801Z"}
{"id":"08e9d78c-4600-4fbc-b89c-0d5fdc21de99","word":"yup","definition":"An informal affirmative interjection meaning yes.","part_of_speech":"interjection","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"yes","root_meaning":"affirmation","root_language":"Old English","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*ja-","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"yup","meaning":"yes, affirmation","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"yep","meaning":"informal yes","children":[{"era":"1200s","word":"yes","meaning":"affirmation","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"gēse","meaning":"yes, so be it","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"*ja-","meaning":"yes, affirmative particle","children":[],"language":"Proto-Germanic"}],"language":"Old English"}],"language":"Middle English"}],"language":"American English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["yes","yep","yeah","aye","yea","affirmative"],"synonyms":[{"word":"yes","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"yeah","formality":"informal"},{"word":"aye","formality":"archaic"},{"word":"affirmative","formality":"formal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-07-07T14:28:22.445Z"}
{"id":"925cc2da-6788-4dc6-a1af-afbb9917afe3","word":"zack","definition":"(Australian/New Zealand slang) a sixpence coin, or a very small amount.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zack","meaning":"Australian slang for sixpence","children":[],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["coin","pittance","trifle"],"synonyms":[{"word":"coin","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"sixpence","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"pittance","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"trifle","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:15:33.136Z"}
{"id":"cd528a2d-d172-44dc-ab3c-76345c1b8570","word":"zap","definition":"To strike, destroy, or remove something suddenly, especially with a burst of energy.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":null,"root_language":null,"root_era":null,"proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zap","meaning":"to strike, destroy, or remove something suddenly","children":[{"era":"1929","word":"zap","meaning":"an imitative ray-gun sound effect","children":[],"language":"comic-strip slang"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["zapped","zapping","zapper","zappy"],"synonyms":[{"word":"hit","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"blast","formality":"informal"},{"word":"strike","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T15:48:21.933Z"}
{"id":"ec628301-5034-4fc2-9656-c7fc25aadf92","word":"zealand","definition":"A region or land, particularly referring to the country New Zealand.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"Zeeland","root_meaning":"sea land","root_language":"Dutch","root_era":"1600s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"Zealand","meaning":"land or country, especially New Zealand","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"New Zealand","meaning":"country in the South Pacific","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"Zeeland","meaning":"sea-land, named after the Dutch province","children":[],"language":"Dutch"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["New Zealand","Zealander","Zealand Province"],"synonyms":[{"word":"Aotearoa","formality":"formal"},{"word":"land","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:19:15.800Z"}
{"id":"733ee9f4-b16a-4e33-a9d5-beb9e681b79f","word":"zen","definition":"A Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"chán","root_meaning":"meditation","root_language":"Chinese","root_era":"6th century","proto_root":"dhyāna","etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zen","meaning":"a Japanese school of Buddhism","children":[{"era":null,"word":"zen","meaning":"meditation, absorption","children":[{"era":"6th century","word":"chán","meaning":"meditation, absorption","children":[{"era":null,"word":"dhyāna","meaning":"meditation, contemplation","children":[],"language":"Sanskrit"}],"language":"Chinese"}],"language":"Japanese"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["Buddhism","meditation","mindfulness","satori","koan"],"synonyms":[{"word":"meditation","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"mindfulness","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"contemplation","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T21:13:45.561Z"}
{"id":"43d77f30-cd34-45aa-ba2e-abf599081449","word":"zero","definition":"The numerical symbol representing no quantity; the lowest point or absence of something.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"cero","language_family":"other","root":"sifr","root_meaning":"empty","root_language":"Arabic","root_era":"800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zero","meaning":"the number 0, nothing, lowest point","children":[{"era":"1600s","word":"zero","meaning":"the numerical digit 0","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"zéro","meaning":"the number zero","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"zefiro","meaning":"zero, cipher","children":[{"era":"800s","word":"sifr","meaning":"empty, void","children":[],"language":"Arabic"}],"language":"Italian"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["cipher","zeroscopium","zeroize","zero-based"],"synonyms":[{"word":"nothing","formality":"informal"},{"word":"naught","formality":"formal"},{"word":"cipher","formality":"formal"},{"word":"nil","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-12T20:03:11.451Z"}
{"id":"dac54097-42fb-4be8-9352-2199832ed46d","word":"zinc","definition":"A silvery-white metallic element, atomic number 30.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"zinc","language_family":"germanic","root":"Zink","root_meaning":null,"root_language":"German","root_era":"16th century","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zinc","meaning":"A metallic element","children":[{"era":"16th century","word":"Zink","meaning":"zinc","children":[],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["metal","element","metallurgy","galvanize","brass"],"synonyms":[{"word":"metal","formality":"technical"},{"word":"element","formality":"technical"},{"word":"spelter","formality":"technical"},{"word":"Zn","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-04T23:13:25.298Z"}
{"id":"896afdac-305f-44b5-811b-02bd34c3ce17","word":"zip","definition":"To fasten or unfasten with a zipper, or to move quickly.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"zip","root_meaning":"sound of speed","root_language":"English","root_era":"1870s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zip","meaning":"to fasten or move quickly","children":[{"era":"1870s","word":"zip","meaning":"imitative sound","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["zipper","zipping","unzip","zipcode"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fasten","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"dash","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"rush","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:11:55.726Z"}
{"id":"5f5a9e56-546a-46a3-9c42-1304c0785c62","word":"zipper","definition":"A fastening device with interlocking teeth that opens and closes with a sliding tab.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":"zip","root_meaning":"an imitative sharp buzzing or zipping sound","root_language":"English","root_era":"late 1800s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zipper","meaning":"a fastening device with interlocking teeth and a sliding tab","children":[{"era":"late 1800s","word":"zip","meaning":"to move with a sharp buzzing sound","children":[],"language":"English"},{"era":"Old English","word":"-er","meaning":"agentive noun suffix","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["zip","unzipping","zippered","zippy","zip fastener"],"synonyms":[{"word":"fastener","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"closure","formality":"formal"},{"word":"clasp","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"slide fastener","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-10T03:34:26.760Z"}
{"id":"3733dee2-aa74-462b-bf08-5305488f0a1a","word":"zodiac","definition":"A belt of the heavens divided into twelve signs, each associated with a constellation.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"zodíaco","language_family":"greek","root":"zōidiakos","root_meaning":"circle of little animals","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~300 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~300 BC","word":"zōidiakós (ζῳδιακός)","meaning":"Of or pertaining to the little carved figures. From zōidion (small animal, figure), diminutive of zōion (animal).","children":[{"era":"1300s","word":"zodiac","meaning":"The belt of twelve astrological signs.","language":"English"},{"era":"1300s","word":"zodíaco","meaning":"Zodiac.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["zodiacal","zoo","zoology"],"synonyms":[{"word":"horoscope","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"star signs","formality":"informal"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"f497e096-4ebb-4bb4-88a6-547795458f3e","word":"zombie","definition":"A corpse said to be revived by witchcraft, especially in certain African and Caribbean religions.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"zombi","language_family":"other","root":"nzambi / zumbi","root_meaning":"god, spirit of a dead person","root_language":"Kikongo / Kimbundu","root_era":"18th century (in English)","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zombie","meaning":"revived corpse","children":[{"era":"1800s","word":"zombi","meaning":"revived corpse, spirit","children":[{"era":"ancient","word":"nzambi / zumbi","meaning":"god, spirit of a dead person","children":[],"language":"Kikongo / Kimbundu"}],"language":"Haitian Creole"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["ghoul","revenant","undead","voodoo"],"synonyms":[{"word":"ghoul","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"revenant","formality":"literary"},{"word":"undead","formality":"technical"},{"word":"corpse","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-06-07T05:07:39.360Z"}
{"id":"c7ac8ed9-a96d-46bc-a1ce-60ac4dccbc37","word":"zone","definition":"An area or region distinguished by particular characteristics or for a specific purpose.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"zona","language_family":"greek","root":"zonē","root_meaning":"girdle or belt","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"classical","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zone","meaning":"a distinctive area or region","children":[{"era":"1500s","word":"zone","meaning":"a belt or area","children":[{"era":"classical","word":"zonē","meaning":"girdle, belt, or stripe","children":[],"language":"Greek"}],"language":"French"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["zonal","zoning","zones","zoned","timezone"],"synonyms":[{"word":"area","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"region","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"belt","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"district","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"596bbb82-ca10-46b3-9389-3f16bec9e9ca","word":"zoo","definition":"An establishment that keeps and displays wild animals for public viewing.","part_of_speech":"noun","spanish_cognate":"zoológico","language_family":"greek","root":"zōion","root_meaning":"a living being, animal","root_language":"Greek","root_era":"~400 BC","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"~400 BC","word":"zôion (ζῷον)","meaning":"A living being, animal. From zōē (life). Shortened from zoological garden.","children":[{"era":"1847","word":"zoo","meaning":"A place where animals are kept for display.","language":"English"},{"era":"1800s","word":"zoológico","meaning":"Zoo, zoological.","language":"Spanish"}],"language":"Greek"},"related_words":["zoology","zodiac","protozoa"],"synonyms":[{"word":"menagerie","formality":"formal"},{"word":"animal park","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"manual","verified":true,"created_at":"2026-04-06T20:21:45.362Z"}
{"id":"2c688b9b-4dfb-4520-9f41-e854e6d4e514","word":"zoom","definition":"To move or travel quickly with a loud sound, or to enlarge or reduce an image on a screen.","part_of_speech":"verb","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"other","root":null,"root_meaning":"imitative origin","root_language":"English","root_era":"1900s","proto_root":null,"etymology_tree":{"era":"current","word":"zoom","meaning":"move quickly or magnify","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"zoom","meaning":"to move rapidly with humming sound","children":[{"era":"1900s","word":"zoom","meaning":"onomatopoetic origin","children":[],"language":"English"}],"language":"English"}],"language":"Modern English"},"related_words":["zooming","zoom in","zoom out","zoomed"],"synonyms":[{"word":"rush","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"speed","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"magnify","formality":"technical"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:43.962Z"}
{"id":"9de3eb68-223b-40eb-a9a9-889d25a33e38","word":"zum","definition":"A German preposition meaning 'to' or 'for', used in English primarily in German loanphrases.","part_of_speech":"preposition","spanish_cognate":null,"language_family":"germanic","root":"zu","root_meaning":"to, toward","root_language":"Old High German","root_era":"pre-1100","proto_root":"*to","etymology_tree":{"era":"various","word":"zum","meaning":"to, for (German preposition)","children":[{"era":"current","word":"zum","meaning":"to, for","children":[{"era":"pre-1100","word":"zu","meaning":"to, toward","children":[],"language":"Old High German"}],"language":"German"}],"language":"Modern English (borrowed)"},"related_words":["zu","zumindest","zuwider"],"synonyms":[{"word":"to","formality":"neutral"},{"word":"for","formality":"neutral"}],"enriched_by":"claude","verified":false,"created_at":"2026-04-13T02:22:48.429Z"}